#### Carmela ESTEVEZ, Appellant, v. ATTORNEY GENERAL OF the UNITED STATES.

No. 07-1125.

United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit.

Submitted Under Third Circuit L.A.R. 34.1(a) Jan. 5, 2009.

Opinion Filed: Jan. 21, 2009.

*695Richard M. Evans, Nancy E. Friedman, United States Department of Justice Office of Immigration Litigation, Washington, DC, for Respondent.

Before: FUENTES and FISHER Circuit Judges, DITTER,* District Judge.

*

 Honorable J. William Ditter, Jr. Senior District Judge for the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania, sitting by designation.

OPINION OF THE COURT

FUENTES, Circuit Judge:

Carmela Estevez is a citizen of the Dominican Republic who entered the United States as an adult in 1995 without inspection. Estevez is the beneficiary of an approved visa petition as the spouse of a lawful permanent resident. However, she was unable to adjust her status and was ordered removed after an Immigration Judge (I J) found that she was inadmissible for falsely representing herself to be a United States citizen.1*See*8 U.S.C. § 1182(a)(6)(C)(ii) (“Any alien who falsely represents, or has falsely represented, himself or herself to be a citizen of the United States for any purpose or benefit under this chapter ... or any other Federal or State law is inadmissible.”). Estevez petitions for review of the Board of Immigration Appeals’s (BIA) order affirming the IJ.2

*696In January 1999, Estevez found the birth certificate of a United States citizen named Norma Ramirez. Estevez took the birth certificate to the New Jersey Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) and used it to apply for an identification card. A DMV inspector realized that the birth certificate did not belong to Estevez and called the police. A police report of the incident indicates that Estevez told the arresting officer that she was an illegal immigrant.

On appeal, Estevez claims that she never intended to represent that she was a United States citizen to obtain a benefit under state or federal law. Estevez maintains that she does not speak English and did not understand the significance of the birth certificate. Estevez also argues that applying for a state identification card does not constitute seeking a benefit under the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) “or any other Federal or State law.” Finally, Estevez argues that she recanted any claim of citizenship in a timely manner.

At a hearing on her admissibility, Estevez admitted that she took Ramirez’s birth certificate to the DMV because she “thought of gaining an ID, obtaining an ID, with the purpose of working.” (R. 126.) Estevez explained that she knew that she could not take her own birth certificate to the DMV because she was not born in the United States and “[b]e-cause people [who] do not have a work permit, or a green card, cannot apply for those type of permits.” (R. 137.) Conversely, she understood that Ramirez was born in the United States because the birth certificate “said on the top, United States.” (R. 138.) Estevez also testified that she was pretending to be Norma Ramirez when she presented the birth certificate to the DMV.

Estevez’s testimony is sufficient to establish that she intended to represent herself to be a U.S. citizen by using Ramirez’s birth certificate, and further that she intended to use that certificate to obtain a state benefit, an identification card she hoped to use in turn to obtain employment. *Cf. Rodriguez v. Mukasey,*519 F.3d 773, 777 (8th Cir.2008) (holding that “an alien who marks the ‘citizen or national of the United States’ box on a Form 1-9 for the purpose of falsely representing himself as a citizen to secure employment with a private employer has falsely represented himself for a benefit or purpose under the Act.”); *Kechkar v. Gonzales,*500 F.3d 1080, 1084 (10th Cir.2007) (same).

As to Estevez’s argument that she timely recanted any citizenship claim, the BIA has held that certain misrepresentations may not bar receipt of immigration benefits under the INA where the alien “voluntarily and prior to any exposure of the attempted fraud corrected his testimony.” *In re M*— , 9 I. & N. Dec. 118, 119 (BIA 1960). However, Estevez testified that the DMV inspector immediately discovered her misuse of the birth certificate and that she never confessed to him that the certificate did not belong to her.

Because we find that there was substantial evidence that Estevez falsely claimed to be a United States citizen to obtain a benefit under state law, we will deny the petition.

1

. Estevez was granted voluntary departure, but is not eligible for other relief.

2

. We have jurisdiction over this petition under 8 U.S.C. § 1252. "We have plenary review over questions of law, subject to the principles of deference articulated in *Chevron*v. *Natural Resources Defense Council,*467 U.S. 837, 844, 104 S.Ct. 2778, 81 L.Ed.2d 694 (1984).” *Wong v. Att’y Gen. of U.S.,*539 F.3d 225, 230-31 (3d Cir.2008) (citations and internal quotation marks omitted). We review factual determinations under the substantial evidence standard. *Gabuniya v. Att’y Gen. of U.S.,*463 F.3d 316, 321 (3d Cir.2006). Accordingly, "we may decline to uphold the BIA’s findings only if the evidence compels a *696contrary conclusion.” *Ahmed v. Ashcroft,*341 F.3d 214, 216 (3d Cir.2003).