# Patent

## Title
Hip and ridge roofing material

## Abstract

Shingle blanks including a first fold region, a second fold region, a third region, a lower edge and an upper edge are provided. The shingle blank has a length. The first and second fold regions extend substantially across the length of the shingle blank. The second fold region is positioned between the first and third fold regions. A first perforation line is positioned between the second and third fold regions. A second perforation line is positioned between the first and second fold regions. A reinforcement material is positioned over the first perforation line and configured to reinforce the first perforation line. The reinforcement material includes apertures configured to allow an asphalt coating to bleed through the reinforcement material. The first and second perforation lines facilitate folding of the first and second fold regions on top of the third region to form a three layered stack.

## Background
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
The present application is a divisional application of U.S. Ser. No. 12/702,457, filed Feb. 9, 2010, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/392,392, entitled HIP AND RIDGE ROOFING MATERIAL, filed Feb. 25, 2009, now abandoned, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.


BACKGROUND
Asphalt-based roofing materials, such as roofing shingles, roll roofing and commercial roofing, are installed on the roofs of buildings to provide protection from the elements. The roofing material may be constructed of a substrate such as a glass fiber mat or an organic felt, an asphalt coating on the substrate, and a surface layer of granules embedded in the asphalt coating.
Roofing materials are applied to roofs having various surfaces formed by roofing planes. The various surfaces and roofing planes form intersections, such as for example, hips and ridges. A ridge is the uppermost horizontal intersection of two sloping roof planes. Hips are formed by the intersection of two sloping roof planes running from a ridge to the eaves. It would be desirable to improve the methods used to manufacture hip and ridge roofing material to be more efficient.
SUMMARY
In accordance with embodiments of this invention there are provided shingle blanks. The shingle blanks include a substrate coated with an asphalt coating and including a first fold region, a second fold region, a third region, a lower edge and an upper edge. The shingle blank has a length and the first fold region extends substantially across the length of the shingle blank. The second fold region extends substantially across the length of the shingle blank and is positioned between the first fold region and the third region. A first perforation line is positioned between the second fold region and the third region. A second perforation line is positioned between the first fold region and the second fold region. A reinforcement material is positioned over the first perforation line and is configured to reinforce the first perforation line. The reinforcement material includes a plurality of apertures configured to allow the asphalt coating to bleed through the reinforcement material. The first and second perforation lines are sufficient to facilitate folding of the first fold region and the second fold region on top of the third region to form a three layered stack configured to be applied across a ridge or hip.
In accordance with other embodiments, there are also provided shingle blank having a substrate coated with an asphalt coating and including a first fold region, a second fold region, a third region, a lower edge and an upper edge. The shingle blank has a length and the first fold region extends substantially across the length of the shingle blank. The second fold region extends substantially across the length of the shingle blank and is positioned between the first fold region and the third region. A first perforation line is positioned between the second fold region and the third region. A second perforation line is positioned between the first fold region and the second fold region. A release tape is positioned over the second perforation line and configured to span a portion of the first fold region and the second fold region. The release tape is configured to reinforce the second perforation line. The first and second perforation lines are sufficient to facilitate folding of the first fold region and the second fold region on top of the third region to form a three layered stack configured to be applied across a ridge or hip.
In accordance with other embodiments, there are also provided methods of manufacturing an asphalt-based shingle blank including the steps of coating a substrate with an asphalt coating to form an asphalt coated sheet, the asphalt coated sheet including a first fold region, a second fold region, a third region, a lower edge and an upper edge, the shingle blank having a length, the first fold region extending substantially across the length of the shingle blank, the second fold region extending substantially across the length of the shingle blank and positioned between the first fold region and the third region, applying a reinforcement material to a portion of an upper surface of the asphalt coated sheet and over the first perforation line, the reinforcement material including a plurality of apertures configured to allow the asphalt coating to bleed through the reinforcement material, applying a surface layer of granules to the upper surface of the asphalt coated sheet, forming a first perforation line between the second fold region and the third region and forming a second perforation line between the first fold region and the second fold region.
In accordance with other embodiments, there are also provided methods of installing an asphalt-based roofing material including the steps of providing an asphalt-based shingle blank having a substrate coated with an asphalt coating and including a first fold region, a second fold region, a third region, a lower edge and an upper edge, the shingle blank having a length, the first fold region extending substantially across the length of the shingle blank, the second fold region extending substantially across the length of the shingle blank and positioned between the first fold region and the third region, a first perforation line positioned between the second fold region and the third region, a second perforation line positioned between the first fold region and the second fold region, wherein at least one additional perforation line extends across the shingle blank in a direction substantially perpendicular to the lower edge of the shingle blank, a reinforcement material positioned over the first perforation line and configured to reinforce the first perforation line, the reinforcement material including a plurality of apertures configured to allow the asphalt coating to bleed through the reinforcement material, separating the shingle blank along the at least one additional perforation line to form separated shingle blanks, folding the separated shingle blanks along the first and second perforation lines to form a three layered stack and installing the hip and ridge shingles across a hip or ridge.
Various advantages of this invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description of the invention, when read in light of the accompanying drawings.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a building structure incorporating the hip and ridge roofing material in accordance with embodiments of this invention.
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the installation of the ridge roofing material of FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of an upper surface of a shingle blank used for making the hip and ridge roofing material of FIG. 2.
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a bottom surface of a shingle blank used for making the hip and ridge roofing material of FIG. 2.
FIG. 5 is an enlarged cross-sectional view, taken along the line 5-5 of FIG. 3, of a portion of the hip and ridge roofing material of FIG. 3.
FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the shingle blank of FIG. 3 illustrating the formation of the individual hip and ridge roofing material of FIG. 2.
FIG. 7 is a side view in elevation of the individual hip and ridge roofing material of FIG. 6 prior to forming the hip and ridge roofing material of FIG. 2.
FIG. 8 is a side view in elevation of an individual hip and ridge roofing material of FIG. 6 illustrating the folds forming the hip and ridge roofing material of FIG. 2.
FIG. 9 is a side view in elevation of an individual hip and ridge material of FIG. 2.
FIG. 10 is a schematic view in elevation of apparatus for manufacturing the hip and ridge roofing material of FIG. 2.
FIG. 11 is a plan view of a reinforcement material used in the hip and ridge roofing material of FIG. 2.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention will now be described with occasional reference to the specific embodiments of the invention. This invention may, however, be embodied in different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.
Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used in the description of the invention and the appended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
Unless otherwise indicated, all numbers expressing quantities of dimensions such as length, width, height, and so forth as used in the specification and claims are to be understood as being modified in all instances by the term “about.” Accordingly, unless otherwise indicated, the numerical properties set forth in the specification and claims are approximations that may vary depending on the desired properties sought to be obtained in embodiments of the present invention. Notwithstanding that the numerical ranges and parameters setting forth the broad scope of the invention are approximations, the numerical values set forth in the specific examples are reported as precisely as possible. Any numerical values, however, inherently contain certain errors necessarily resulting from error found in their respective measurements.
In accordance with embodiments of the present invention, a hip and ridge shingle, and methods to manufacture the hip and ridge shingle, are provided. It will be understood the term “ridge” refers to the intersection of the uppermost sloping roof planes. The term “roof plane” is defined to mean a plane defined by a flat portion of the roof formed by an area of roof deck. The term “hip” is defined to mean the intersection of sloping roof planes located below the ridge. It will be understood the term “slope” is defined to mean the degree of incline of a roof plane. The term “granule” is defined to mean particles that are applied to a shingle that is installed on a roof.
The description and figures disclose a hip and ridge roofing material for a roofing system and methods of manufacturing the hip and ridge roofing material. Referring now to FIG. 1, a building structure 10 is shown having a shingle-based roofing system 12. While the building structure 10 illustrated in FIG. 1 is a residential home, it should be understood that the building structure 10 can be any type of structure, such as a garage, church, arena, industrial or commercial building, having a shingle-based roofing system 12.
The building structure 10 has a plurality of roof planes 14a-14d. Each of the roof planes 14a-14d can have a slope. While the roof planes 14a-14d shown in FIG. 1 have their respective illustrated slopes, it should be understood that the roof planes 14a-14d can have any suitable slope. The intersection of the roof planes 14b and 14c form a hip 16. Similarly, the intersection of the roof planes 14b and 14d form a ridge 18. The building structure 10 is covered by the roofing system 12 having a plurality of shingles 20.
Referring now to FIG. 2, the shingles 20 are installed on the various roof decks in generally horizontal courses 22a-22g in which the shingles 20 overlap the shingles 20 of a preceding course. The shingles 20 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 can be any suitable shingle.
Hip and ridge roofing materials are installed to protect hips and ridges from the elements. As shown in FIG. 2, hip and ridge roofing materials 24 are installed in an overlapping manner on the ridge 18 and over the shingles 20. In a similar fashion, hip roofing materials (not shown) are installed on a hip and over the shingles. The method of installing the hip and ridge roofing materials 24 will be discussed in more detail below.
Referring now to FIGS. 3 and 4, hip and ridge roofing materials 24 are made from a shingle blank 26. The shingle blank 26 has an upper surface 27a, a lower surface 27b, an upper edge 29a, a lower edge 29b, a generally horizontal first perforation line 34 and a generally horizontal second perforation line 40.
As shown in FIG. 3, a reinforcement material 36 is positioned on the upper surface 27a of the shingle blank 26 and over the first perforation line 34. The reinforcement material 36 is configured for several purposes. First, the reinforcement material 36 is configured to prevent breakage of the shingle blank 26 as the shingle blank 26 is folded about the first perforation line 34. Second, as will be explained in more detail below, the reinforcement material 36 is configured to allow asphaltic material to bleed through the reinforcement material 36, thereby providing a surface for subsequently applied one or more layers of granules to adhere to. In the illustrated embodiment, the reinforcement material 36 is a tape made from a polymeric film material, such as for example polyester. In other embodiments, the reinforcement material 36 can be made from other desired materials, such as the non-limiting examples of a low permeability mat or scrim made from fibrous materials or netting. In the illustrated embodiment, the reinforcement material 36 extends substantially across the length L of the shingle blank 26. The term “substantially” as used herein, is defined to mean any desired distance in a range of from between approximately one-half of the length L to the full length L.
Referring now to FIG. 11, the reinforcement material 36 is illustrated. The reinforcement material 36 has a width WRM and a thickness. In the illustrated embodiment, the width WRM of the reinforcement material 36 is in a range of from about 1.0 inches to about 2.0 inches and the thickness is in a range of from about 50 gauge to about 96 gauge. In other embodiments, the width WRM of the reinforcement material 36 can be less than about 1.0 inches or more than about 2.0 inches and the thickness can be less than about 50 gauge or more than about 96 gauge.
As shown in FIG. 11, the reinforcement material 36 includes a plurality of apertures 37. The apertures 37 are configured to allow asphaltic material to bleed through the reinforcement material 36. In the illustrated embodiment, the apertures 37 are arranged in a pattern of columns and rows are present in concentrations of approximately 330 per square inch. Alternatively, the apertures 37 can be arranged randomly or in other patterns and can have concentrations of less than 330 per square inch or more than 330 per square inch. In the illustrated embodiment, the apertures 37 have a circular shape with diameter in a range of from about 300 microns to about 500 microns. Alternatively, the apertures 37 can have a diameter less than about 300 microns or more than about 500 microns. In still other embodiments, the apertures 37 can have other desired shapes, including the non-limiting examples of square, and polygonal shapes as well as slits.
Referring again to FIG. 3, the shingle blank 26 may have any desired dimensions. For example, a typical residential roofing shingle blank 26 has a length L of approximately 36 inches (91.5 cm) and a height H of approximately 12 inches (30.5 cm) high. However, it will be understood than other desired dimensions may be used.
As shown in FIG. 3, the shingle blank 26 includes a first fold region 25a, a second fold region 25b and a third region 30. The first fold region 25a is the area between the second perforation line 40 and the upper edge 29a. The first fold region 25a is configured to provide a nailing surface for the installation of the ridge or hip roofing material 24 and further configured to provide an optional sealant area. The optional sealant bonding area will be discussed in more detail below. The second fold region 25b is the area between the second perforation line 40 and the first perforation line 34. The first fold region 25a has a height HFF, the second fold region 25b has a height HSF and the third region 30 has a height HT. In the illustrated embodiment, the height HFF is approximately 2.0 inches, the height HSF is approximately 2.0 inches and the height HT is approximately 8.0 inches. In other embodiments the heights HFF, HSF and HT can be other desired dimensions, and it will be understood that the heights HFF, HSF, and HT are largely a matter of design choice.
Referring again to FIG. 3, the first fold region 25a, second fold region 25b and third region 30 extend substantially across the length L of the shingle blank 26.
As further shown in FIG. 3, the shingle blank 26 includes a third and fourth perforation line, 60 and 62. As will be discussed in more detail below, the third and fourth perforation lines, 60 and 62, are configured to allow separation of the shingle blank 26 into three pieces, thereby forming ridge or hip roofing materials 24.
Referring again to FIG. 3, optionally the shingle blank 26 can include a sealant line 66b. The sealant line 66b is configured to provide an adhesive seal for subsequent overlapping ridge roofing materials 24. The sealant line 66b can be any suitable adhesive and can be applied in any form or configuration in any location. In one embodiment, the sealant line 66b can be a continuous strip, not shown or continuous strips, not shown, having a constant width. Alternatively, the sealant line 66b can be a discontinuous strip or strips having varying widths. One example of a sealant line is the sealant line of the type disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,738,884 to Algrim et al., the disclosure of which is incorporated herein in its entirety.
Referring now to FIG. 4, the lower surface 27b of the shingle blank 26 includes a release tape 39 and an optional sealant line 66a. The release tape 39 is positioned on the lower surface 27b of the shingle blank 26 in a location suitable to cover the optional sealant line 66b and also to cover the second perforation line 40. The release tape 39 is configured for several purposes. First, the release tape 39 is configured to cover the optional sealant line 66b as shingle blanks 26 are stacked for storage or shipping. Second, the release tape 39 is configured to prevent breakage of the shingle blank 26 as the shingle blank 26 is folded about the second perforation line 40. In the illustrated embodiment, the release tape 39 is made of a polymeric film material having a thickness in a range of about 30 gauge to about 96 gauge. In other embodiments, the release tape 39 can be made of other desired materials or combinations of materials and can have thicknesses less than about 30 gauge or more than about 96 gauge.
Referring again to FIG. 4, the optional sealant line 66a is configured to provide an adhesive seal for subsequent overlapping ridge roofing materials 24. In the illustrated embodiment, the sealant line 66a is the same as the optional sealant line 66b illustrated in FIG. 3 and discussed above. Alternatively, the sealant line 66a can be different from the sealant line 66b. In some embodiments, when the shingle blanks 26 are stacked for storage and shipping, the shingle blanks 26 are flipped such that the release tape 39 of one shingle blanks substantially aligns with the sealant line 66a of a subsequently stacked shingle blank. This alignment allows for easy separation of the stacked shingle blanks 26 at an installation site.
Referring again to the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 4, the release tape has a width WRT in a range of from about 3.00 inches to about 4.00 inches. However, in other embodiments, the width WRT of the release tape can be less than about 3.00 inches or more than about 4.00 inches. In still other embodiments, the release tape 39 can have any desired coatings.
Referring now to FIG. 5, one embodiment of the composition of the shingle blank 26 is illustrated. The shingle blank 26 includes a substrate 44 that is coated with an asphalt coating 46. The substrate 44 can be any suitable substrate for use in reinforcing asphalt-based roofing materials, including, but not limited to a nonwoven web, scrim or felt of fibrous materials such as glass fibers, mineral fibers, cellulose fibers, rag fibers, mixtures of mineral and synthetic fibers, or the like. Combinations of materials can also be used in the substrate 44.
The asphalt coating 46 includes an upper section 48 that is positioned above the substrate 44 when the roofing material is installed on a roof, and a lower section 50 that is positioned below the substrate 44. The upper section 48 includes an upper surface 52. The team “asphalt coating” means any type of bituminous material suitable for use on a roofing material, including, but not limited to asphalts, tars, pitches, or mixtures thereof. The asphalt can be either manufactured asphalt produced by refining petroleum or naturally occurring asphalt. The asphalt coating 46 can include various additives and/or modifiers, such as inorganic fillers or mineral stabilizers, organic materials such as polymers, recycled streams, or ground tire rubber.
The reinforcement material 36 is positioned on the upper surface 52 of the upper section 48 such that portions of the asphalt coating 46 bleed through the apertures (not shown) within the reinforcement material 36. The portion of the asphalt coating 46 that has bled through the reinforcement material 36 forms a reinforced portion 51 of the upper section 48. The reinforced portion 51 of the upper section 48 has a thickness TRP. In the illustrated embodiment, the thickness of the reinforced portion 51 is in a range of from about 0.05 inches to about 0.30 inches. In other embodiments, the thickness TRP of the reinforced portion 51 can be less than about 0.05 inches or more than about 0.30 inches.
A layer of granules 42 is pressed into the upper surface 52 and the reinforced portion 51 of the upper section 48. The granules 42 can be any desired granules or combination of granules. Some examples of granules include prime, headlap granules or waste granules. Optionally, the lower section 50 can be coated with a suitable backdust material 54.
Referring now to FIG. 6, the shingle blank 26 includes the third perforation line 60 and the fourth perforation line 62. The third and fourth perforation lines, 60 and 62, include perforations 64. The third and fourth perforation lines, 60 and 62, are spaced apart substantially perpendicular to the lower edge 29b of the shingle blank 26 and span the height H of the shingle blank 26. The third and fourth perforation lines, 60 and 62, are positioned such that subsequent separation of the shingle blank 26 along the third and fourth perforation lines, 60 and 62, forms hip and ridge shingle blanks 69. In the illustrated embodiment, the formed hip and ridge shingle blanks 69 has a length of approximately 12.0 inches. In other embodiments, the third and fourth perforation lines, 60 and 62, can be positioned relative to each other, to result in formed hip and ridge shingle blanks 69 having lengths of more or less than approximately 12.0 inches. In still other embodiments, the shingle blank 26 can have more than two perforation lines (not shown), spaced apart substantially perpendicular to the lower edge 29b of the shingle blank 26 and spanning the height H of the shingle blank 26. The additional perforation lines can be configured to separate the shingle blank 26 thereby forming hip and ridge shingle blanks of any desired sizes.
In the illustrated embodiment, the perforations 64 extend through the upper section 48 of the asphalt coating 46, the substrate 44 and the lower section 50 of the asphalt coating 46. In other embodiments, the perforations 64 can extend through any suitable layers of the shingle blank 26. The perforations 64 can be arranged in any suitable pattern to form the third and fourth perforation lines, 60 and 62.
In one example of a perforation pattern, the perforations 64 can be about 0.25 inches long and spaced apart from edge to edge by about 0.25 inches. In another embodiment of a perforation pattern, the perforations 64 can be about 0.50 inches long and spaced apart from edge to edge about 0.50 inches. Alternatively, the perforations 64 can be any suitable length and can be spaced apart edge to edge by any suitable length. The perforations 64 are configured such that an installer is able to separate the shingle blanks 26 into the hip and ridge shingle blanks 69 at the installation site. In the illustrated embodiment, the third and fourth perforation lines, 60 and 62, extend the full height H of the shingle blank 26. Alternatively, the third and fourth perforation lines, 60 and 62, can extend any length sufficient to enable an installer to separate the shingle blanks 26 into the ridge shingle blanks 69 at an installation site.
Referring again to FIG. 6, optionally a plurality of headlap courtesy cuts 68a are positioned in the first fold region 25a and a plurality of prime courtesy cuts 68b are positioned in the third region 30 of the shingle blank 26. In the illustrated embodiment, the headlap courtesy cuts 68a are configured to substantially align with a corresponding prime courtesy cut 68b, and the aligned headlap and prime courtesy cuts, 68a and 68b, are further aligned along the perforation lines, 60 and 62. As shown in the illustrated embodiment, the headlap courtesy cuts 68a and the prime courtesy cuts 68b extend substantially through the thickness of the shingle blank 26. In other embodiments, the courtesy cuts, 68a and 68b, can extend through any suitable layers of the shingle blank 26. The headlap and prime courtesy cuts, 68a and 68b, have a length. In the illustrated embodiment, the length of the headlap and prime courtesy cuts, 68a and 68b, is in a range of from about 1.0 inches to about 5.0 inches. In other embodiments, the length of the headlap and prime courtesy cuts, 68a and 68b, can be less than about 1.0 inches or more than about 5.0 inches. While the illustrated embodiment shows the headlap courtesy cuts 68a and the prime courtesy cuts 68b as being the same length, it should be understood that headlap courtesy cuts 68a and the prime courtesy cuts 68b can be different lengths. The courtesy cuts, 68a and 68b, are configured to assist the installer in separating the shingle blanks 26. As will be explained below in more detail, the courtesy cuts, 68a and 68b, are provided in the shingle blank 26 during the manufacture of the shingle blank 26.
Referring again to FIG. 6, the shingle blanks 26 arrive at the installation site having third and fourth perforation lines 60 and 62. During installation, the roofing installer separates the shingle blank 26 along the third and fourth perforation lines, 60 and 62 to form the hip and ridge shingle blanks 69. The perforations 64 allow for hip and ridge shingle blanks 69 to be formed from the shingle blanks 26 as the perforations 64 allow the substrate 44 and asphalt regions, 48 and 50, to be readily separated. The hip and ridge shingle blanks 69 have perforated edges 122. The configuration of the perforations 64 result in a perforated edge 122 which in some embodiments is somewhat ragged. As one example, if the individual perforations 64 have a relatively long length or if a larger quantity of perforations 64 are used, then the perforation edges 122 are somewhat smoother. Conversely, if the individual perforations 64 have a relatively short length or if a fewer number of perforations 64 are used, then the perforation edges 122 are somewhat more ragged.
Referring now to FIGS. 7-9, the hip and ridge shingle blanks 69 are formed into the ridge roofing materials 24 by a series of folds. First, as shown in FIG. 7, the hip and ridge shingle blank 69 is positioned such that the upper surface 27a is facing upward and the lower surface 27b is facing downward. Next, as shown in FIG. 8, the second fold region 25b is folded about the first perforation line 34 in direction F1 at the same time the first fold region 25a is folded about the second perforation line 40 in direction F2. As shown in FIG. 9, the folds result in a three-layered stack 53 that includes the first fold region 25a, the second fold region 25b and the third region 30. The three-layered stack 53 has a leading edge 55. The optional sealant line 66b is shown on the first fold region 25a and the optional sealant line 66a is shown on the lower surface 27b. Folding the hip and ridge single blanks 69 and forming the three layered stack 53 forms the ridge roofing materials 24. As shown in FIG. 9, the resulting three layered stack 53 has substantially aligned edges. Optionally, the resulting three layered stack can have offset edges.
Referring again to FIG. 2, the hip and ridge roofing materials 24 are installed in an overlapping manner on the ridge 18 and over the shingles 20. As a first installation step, a three-layered stack 53 is cut from a hip and ridge roofing material 24 and fastened to the farthest downwind point on the ridge 18. As shown in FIG. 2, the direction of the wind in indicated by the arrow marked W. The three-layered stack 53 can be fastened by any desired fastening method, such as for example, roofing nails (not shown). Next, a hip and ridge roofing material 24 is installed over the three-layered stack 53 such that a portion of the hip and ridge roofing material 24 overlaps the three-layered stack 53 and the leading edge 55 of the three-layered stack 53 is facing the wind direction W. The hip and ridge roofing material 24 is fastened to the ridge 18 in any desired manner. Additional hip and ridge roofing materials 24 are installed in a similar fashion until the ridge 18 is covered.
While the hip and ridge roofing material 24 illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 9 illustrates a three layered stack 53, it should be appreciated that the hip and ridge roofing material 24 can be practiced with a stack formed by more than three layers. The hip and ridge roofing material 24 having a stack of more than three layers would have a corresponding number of fold regions and would be formed by folding the various fold regions to form the stack.
Referring now to FIG. 10, an apparatus 70 for manufacturing shingle blanks 26 is illustrated. The manufacturing process involves passing a continuous sheet 72 in a machine direction (indicated by the arrow) through a series of manufacturing operations. The sheet 72 usually moves at a speed of at least about 200 feet/minute (61 meters/minute), and typically at a speed within the range of between about 450 feet/minute (137 meters/minute) and about 800 feet/minute (244 meters/minute). The sheet 72, however, may move at any desired speed.
In a first step of the illustrated manufacturing process, a continuous sheet of substrate or shingle mat 72 is payed out from a roll 74. The substrate can be any type known for use in reinforcing asphalt-based roofing materials, such as a non-woven web of glass fibers. The shingle mat 72 may be fed through a coater 78 where an asphalt coating is applied to the shingle mat 72. The asphalt coating can be applied in any suitable manner. In the illustrated embodiment, the shingle mat 72 contacts a roller 73, that is in contact with a supply of hot, melted asphalt. The roller 73 completely covers the shingle mat 72 with a tacky coating of hot, melted asphalt to define a first asphalt coated sheet 80. In other embodiments, however, the asphalt coating could be sprayed on, rolled on, or applied to the shingle mat 72 by other means. In some embodiments, the asphalt material is highly filled with a ground stone filler material, amounting to at least about 60 percent by weight of the asphalt/filler combination.
A continuous strip of the reinforcement material 36 is then payed out from a roll 82. The reinforcement material 36 adheres to the upper surface 27a of the first asphalt coated sheet 80 to define a second asphalt coated sheet 83. In one embodiment, the reinforcement material 36 is attached to the first asphalt coated sheet 80 by the adhesive mixture of the asphalt in the first asphalt coated sheet 80. The reinforcement material 36, however, may be attached to the first asphalt coated sheet 80 by any suitable means, such as other adhesives.
As discussed above, the reinforcement material 36 is configured to allow asphaltic material to bleed through the apertures 37 of the reinforcement material 36, thereby forming the reinforced portion 51 of the upper section 48 as illustrated in FIG. 5.
The resulting second asphalt coated sheet 83 is then passed beneath a series of granule dispensers 84 for the application of granules to the upper surface 27a of the second asphalt coated sheet 83. While the illustrated embodiment shows two granule dispensers 84, it should be understood that any number of granule dispensers 84 can be used. The granule dispensers 84 can be of any type suitable for depositing granules onto the second asphalt coated sheet 83. A granule dispenser that can be used is a granule valve of the type disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,610,147 to Aschenbeck. The granule dispensers 84 are configured to provide the desired blend drops of headlap and prime granules. The granule dispensers 84 are supplied with granules from sources of granules, not shown. After all the granules are deposited on the second asphalt coated sheet 83 by the series of granule dispensers 84, the second asphalt covered sheet 83 becomes a granule covered sheet 85.
The granule covered sheet 85 is then turned around a slate drum 86 to press the granules into the asphalt coating and to temporarily invert the granule covered sheet 85 so that the excess granules will fall off and will be recovered and reused. The excess granules falling from the inverted granule covered sheet can be collected in any desired collection device (not shown), including the non-limiting example of a backfall hopper. Turning the granule covered sheet 85 around the slate drum forms inverted sheet 88.
A continuous strip of the release tape 39 is then payed out from a roll 89 and applied to the inverted sheet 88. The release tape 39 adheres to the lower surface 27b of the inverted sheet 88 to define a taped inverted sheet 90. In one embodiment, the release tape 39 is attached to the inverted sheet 88 by the adhesive mixture of the asphalt in the inverted sheet 88. The release tape 39, however, may be attached to the inverted sheet 88 by any suitable means, such as other adhesives.
In one embodiment as shown in FIG. 10, a backdust applicator 92 is positioned to apply a thin layer of backdust material 54 to a bottom surface of the taped inverted sheet 90. The backdust material 54 is configured to adhere to the bottom surface of the taped inverted sheet 90 and results in a substantially less tacky bottom surface for downstream shingle production operations. In one embodiment, the backdust material 54 is sand. Alternatively, the backdust material 54 can be any material, such as for example natural rock dust or small glass particles, sufficient to adhere to the bottom surface of the taped inverted sheet 90 and result in a substantially less tacky bottom surface. Application of the backdust material 54 to the taped inverted sheet 90 forms dusted inverted sheet 96.
Subsequent to the application of the backdust material 54 to the taped inverted sheet 90, the dusted inverted sheet 96 is turned around a sand drum 101 to press the backdust material 54 into the bottom surface of the dusted inverted sheet 96. Pressing the backdust material 56 into the dusted inverted sheet 96 forms pressed sheet 102.
Referring again to FIG. 10, the pressed sheet 102 is cooled by any suitable cooling apparatus 104, or allowed to cool at ambient temperature to form a cooled sheet 105.
The cooled sheet 105 is passed through optional sealant applicator 106. The sealant applicator 106 is configured to apply the optional sealant line 66b to the first fold region 25a of the cooled sheet 105 and apply the optional sealant line 66a to the lower surface 27b of the cooled sheet 105. The sealant applicator 106 can be any suitable mechanism for applying the sealant lines, 66a and 66b, to the cooled sheet 105. In the illustrated embodiment, a single sealant applicator 106 is shown. Alternatively, any number of sealant applicators 106 can be used. Application of the optional sealant lines, 66a and 66b, to the cooled sheet 105 forms sealant lined sheet 107.
The sealant lined sheet 107 is passed through cutting roller 108a and anvil roller 108b. In the illustrated embodiment, the rollers, 108a and 108b, are configured to perform several manufacturing operations. First, the cutting roller 108a and the anvil roller 108b are configured to form the perforation lines, 34, 40, 60 and 62, each having the perforations 64. As discussed above, the perforations 64 can have any desired configuration and the perforation lines, 34, 40, 60 and 62, can be positioned in any desired location. The cutting roller 108a includes a plurality of perforating knives 109 configured to form the perforations 64 as the cutting roller 108a rotates and contacts the sealant lined sheet 107. The cutting roller 108a and the anvil roller 108b are also configured to form the courtesy cuts, 68a and 68b. Last, the cutting roller 108a and the anvil roller 108b are configured to cut the sealant lined sheet 107 to form individual shingle blanks 26.
While FIG. 10 illustrates one example of an apparatus 70 configured for forming the perforations 64, the optional courtesy cuts 68a and 68b and cutting the individual shingle blanks 26, it should be understood that other suitable mechanisms or combinations of mechanisms can be used.
The shingle blanks 26 are collected and packaged such that the release tape 39 positioned on the lower surface 27b of the shingle blanks 26 covers the optional sealant line 66b located on the upper surface 27a of a subsequent shingle blank 26. While the embodiment shown in FIG. 10 illustrates the perforating and cutting processes as a single process, it is within the contemplation of this invention that the perforating and cutting processes can be completed at different times and by different apparatus.
While the apparatus is shown and described in terms of a continuous process, it should be understood that the manufacturing method can also be practiced in a batch process using discreet lengths of materials instead of continuous sheets.
The principle and mode of operation of this invention have been described in certain embodiments. However, it should be noted that this invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically illustrated and described without departing from its scope.

## Claims

1. A method of manufacturing asphalt-based shingle blanks, comprising the steps of:
coating a substrate with an asphalt coating to form an asphalt coated sheet, the substrate comprising a lower edge and an upper ledge, a height defined between the lower edge and upper edge and a length;
applying a reinforcement material to a portion of an upper surface of the asphalt coated sheet, wherein the reinforcement material includes a plurality of apertures, wherein the asphalt coating of the substrate bleeds through the plurality of apertures of the reinforcement material to form a reinforcement region on a portion of the upper surface of the asphalt coated sheet;
applying a surface layer of granules to the upper surface of the asphalt coated sheet including the reinforcement region;
forming a first perforation line in the substrate along the length of the substrate, wherein the reinforcement material is positioned to cover the first perforation line;
forming a second perforation line in the substrate along the length of the substrate;
wherein a first fold region is formed between the second perforation line and the upper edge of the substrate, wherein a second fold region is formed between the first perforation line and the second perforation line, and wherein a third region is formed between the first perforation line and the lower edge.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of applying a release tape to a portion of a lower surface of the asphalt coated sheet, wherein the release tape is positioned to cover the second perforation line.

3. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of forming at least one additional perforation line in the substrate that extends substantially across the height of the substrate.

4. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of cutting the substrate into a plurality of discrete shingle blanks, wherein each shingle blank comprises a lower edge, an upper edge, a first perforation line, a second perforation line, a first fold region formed between the second perforation line and the upper edge of the shingle blank, a second fold region formed between the first perforation line and the second perforation line of the shingle blank, and third region formed between the first perforation line and the lower edge of the shingle blank.

5. The method of claim 2, further comprising the step of cutting the substrate into a plurality of discrete shingle blanks, wherein each shingle blank comprises a lower edge, an upper edge, a first perforation line, a second perforation line, a first fold region formed between the second perforation line and the upper edge of the shingle blank, a second fold region formed between the first perforation line and the second perforation line of the shingle blank, and third region formed between the first perforation line and the lower edge of the shingle blank.

6. The method of claim 3, further comprising the step of cutting the substrate into a plurality of discrete shingle blanks, wherein each shingle blank comprises a lower edge, an upper edge, a height defined between the lower edge and upper edge, a length, a first perforation line and a second perforation line that extend substantially across the length of the shingle blank, and two additional perforation lines that extend substantially across the height of the shingle blank, a first fold region formed between the second perforation line and the upper edge of the shingle blank, a second fold region formed between the first perforation line and the second perforation line of the shingle blank, and a third region formed between the first perforation line and the lower edge of the shingle blank.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the substrate is a continuous sheet payed out from a roll.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the substrate is coated with the asphalt by contacting the substrate with a roller which is in contact with a supply of asphalt.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein the asphalt coating comprises a filler material.

10. A method of manufacturing asphalt-based shingle blanks, comprising the steps of:
coating a continuous sheet of substrate with an asphalt coating to form an asphalt coated sheet, the substrate comprising a lower edge and an upper ledge, a height defined between the lower edge and upper edge and a length;
applying a strip of reinforcement material to a portion of an upper surface of the asphalt coated sheet;
applying a surface layer of granules to the upper surface of the asphalt coated sheet;
forming a first perforation line in the substrate along the length of the substrate, wherein the reinforcement material is positioned to cover the first perforation line;
forming a second perforation line in the substrate along the length of the substrate;
wherein a first fold region is formed between the second perforation line and the upper edge of the substrate, wherein a second fold region is formed between the first perforation line and the second perforation line, and wherein a third region is formed between the first perforation line and the lower edge.

11. The method of claim 10, further comprising the step of applying a release tape to a portion of a lower surface of the asphalt coated sheet, wherein the release tape is positioned to cover the second perforation line.

12. The method of claim 10, further comprising the step of forming at least one additional perforation line in the substrate that extends substantially across the height of the substrate.

13. The method of claim 10, further comprising the step of cutting the substrate into a plurality of discrete shingle blanks, wherein each shingle blank comprises a lower edge, an upper edge, a first perforation line, a second perforation line, a first fold region formed between the second perforation line and the upper edge of the shingle blank, a second fold region formed between the first perforation line and the second perforation line of the shingle blank, and third region formed between the first perforation line and the lower edge of the shingle blank.

14. The method of claim 11, further comprising the step of cutting the substrate into a plurality of discrete shingle blanks, wherein each shingle blank comprises a lower edge, an upper edge, a first perforation line, a second perforation line, a first fold region formed between the second perforation line and the upper edge of the shingle blank, a second fold region formed between the first perforation line and the second perforation line of the shingle blank, and third region formed between the first perforation line and the lower edge of the shingle blank.

15. The method of claim 12, further comprising the step of cutting the substrate into a plurality of discrete shingle blanks, wherein each shingle blank comprises a lower edge, an upper edge, a height defined between the lower edge and upper edge, a length, a first perforation line and a second perforation line that extend substantially across the length of the shingle blank, and two additional perforation lines that extend substantially across the height of the shingle blank, a first fold region formed between the second perforation line and the upper edge of the shingle blank, a second fold region formed between the first perforation line and the second perforation line of the shingle blank, and a third region formed between the first perforation line and the lower edge of the shingle blank.

16. The method of claim 10, wherein the substrate is coated with the asphalt by contacting the substrate with a roller which is in contact with a supply of asphalt.

17. The method of claim 10, wherein the asphalt coating comprises a filler material.

18. A method of manufacturing asphalt-based shingle blanks, comprising the steps of:
coating a substrate with an asphalt coating to form an asphalt coated sheet, the substrate comprising a lower edge and an upper ledge, a height defined between the lower edge and upper edge and a length;
applying a strip of reinforcement material to a portion of an upper surface of the asphalt coated sheet;
applying a surface layer of granules to the upper surface of the asphalt coated sheet;
forming a first perforation line in the substrate along the length of the substrate, wherein the reinforcement material is positioned to cover the first perforation line;
forming a second perforation line in the substrate along the length of the substrate; wherein a first fold region is formed between the second perforation line and the upper edge of the substrate, wherein a second fold region is formed between the first perforation line and the second perforation line, and wherein a third region is formed between the first perforation line and the lower edge;
applying a release tape to a portion of a lower surface of the asphalt coated sheet, wherein the release tape is positioned to cover the second perforation line;
forming at least two additional perforation line in the substrate that extends substantially across the height of the substrate and
cutting the substrate into a plurality of discrete shingle blanks, wherein each shingle blank comprises a lower edge, an upper edge, a height defined between the lower edge and upper edge, a length, a first perforation line and a second perforation line that extend substantially across the length of the shingle blank, and two additional perforation lines that extend substantially across the height of the shingle blank, a first fold region formed between the second perforation line and the upper edge of the shingle blank, a second fold region formed between the first perforation line and the second perforation line of the shingle blank, and a third region formed between the first perforation line and the lower edge of the shingle blank.

19. The method of claim 10, wherein the reinforcement material includes a plurality of apertures, wherein the asphalt coating of the substrate bleeds through the plurality of apertures of the reinforcement material to form a reinforcement region on a portion of the upper surface of the asphalt coated sheet.

20. The method of claim 10, wherein the strip of reinforcement material has a width in a range from about 1 inches to about 2 inches.

21. The method of claim 18, wherein the reinforcement material includes a plurality of apertures, wherein the asphalt coating of the substrate bleeds through the plurality of apertures of the reinforcement material to form a reinforcement region on a portion of the upper surface of the asphalt coated sheet.

22. The method of claim 18, wherein the strip of reinforcement material has a width in a range from about 1 inches to about 2 inches.