2017 IL App (1st) 142130-B SIXTH DIVISION JULY 21, 2017

No. 1-14-2130 THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, ) Appeal from the ) Circuit Court of Respondent- Appellee, ) Cook County. ) v. ) No. 05 CR 26780 ) RONALD DANIELS, ) Honorable ) Joseph G. Kazmierski, Petitioner -Appellant. ) Judge Presiding.

JUSTICE CUNNINGHAM delivered the judgment of the court, with opinion. Justice s Connors and Harris concurred in the judgment and opinion.

OPINION ¶ 1 Defendant Ronald Daniels appeals from the order of the circuit court of Cook County denying his petition under section 2

- 1401 of the Code of Civil Procedure (735 ILCS 5/2 -1401 (West 2012)) to vacate his conviction for aggravated unlawful use of a weapon. In a June 2016 opinion, t his court vacated the defendant ’ s conviction and determined that we lacked jurisdiction to grant the State ’ s request (raised for the first time on appeal) to reinstate charges that were nolprossed at the time of defendant ’ s plea agreement. The supreme cou rt subsequently directed us to consider the effect of People v. Shinaul , 2017 IL 120162 , as to whether there is appellate jurisdiction to consider the reinstatement of the nol

- prossed counts and, if so, whether those counts can be reinstated

. We reverse the denial of defendant ’ s section 2

- 1401 petition and vacate his conviction, but we conclude we lack jurisdiction to determine whether the nol

- prossed counts may be reinstated.1-14-2130

- 2 - ¶ 2 BACKGROUND ¶ 3 Defendant was arrested on a city bus after he was found in possession of a revolver and four rounds of ammunition. Defendant was charged with six counts of aggravated unlawful use of a weapon (AUUW) pursuant to various provisions of the AUUW statute (720 ILCS 5/24 -1.6 (West 2004)), as well as two counts of unlawful u se of a weapon by a felon (UUWF). 720 ILCS 5/24-1.1(a) (West 2004)). ¶ 4 Defendant pled guilty to one charge of AUUW under the provisions criminalizing possession of an unloaded firearm with ammunition immediately accessible. 720 ILCS 5/24

- 1.6(a)(1),(a)(3)(B) (West 2004)). As defendant had a prior felony conviction, this offense was a Class 2 felony under the AUUW statute ’ s sentencing provision. See 720 ILCS 5/24

- 1.6(d) (West 2004 ). Defendant received a six

- year sentence. Pursuant to the plea agreement, the St ate entered

a nolle prosequi with respect to the remaining seven counts. ¶ 5 After he completed his sentence, defendant filed a petition to vacate his conviction 1 pursuant to section 2

- 1401 of the Code of Civil Procedure. 735 ILCS 5/2

- 1401 (West 2012)). The petition asserted that his AUUW conviction was invalid pursuant to People v. Aguilar , 2013 IL 112116, in which our supreme court held that “the Class 4 form of section 24

- 1.6(a)(1), (a)(3)(A), (d) violates the right to keep and bear arms, as guaranteed by th e second amendment to the United States Constitution.” Id. ¶ 22. In response, the State argued that Aguilar was limited

1 Defendant titled this filing “Motion to Vacate the Conviction of Aggravated Unlawful Use of a Weapon.” All subsequent filings by both parties before the trial court and before this court on appeal refer to it as defendant’s “motion.” Defendant refers to th e filing as a “section 2

- 1401 petition” for the first time in his reply brief. Agreeing with this characterization, we interpret defendant’s January 2, 2014 filing to be a petition pursuant to section 2

- 1401 of the Code of Civil Procedure (735 ILCS 5/2 -140 1 (West 2012)), and we will refer to it accordingly. We further note that at no point did the State ever challenge defendant’s ability to file this “motion,” and the State’s response brief on appeal refers to defendant’s challenge to his conviction as a “c ollateral proceeding,” which suggests that their own understanding of defendant’s “motion” is consistent with our interpretation.1-14-2130

- 3 - to the “Class 4” form of the offense and did not invalidate the statutory provision specifying a “Class 2” felony when the offender has a prior felony conviction. 720 ILCS 5/24

- 1.6(d) (West 2004 )). ¶ 6 On March 11, 2014, the trial court denied defendant ’ s petition to vacate his conviction. After the trial court denied his motion to reconsider, defendant filed a timely appeal. ¶ 7 In its appellate brief, the State acknowledged that defendant ’ s conviction must be vacated in light of People v. Burns , 2015 IL 117387, decided pending this appeal. However, the State asked this court to remand this cause to the trial court to reinstate six of the seven n ol-prossed charges against defendant. ¶ 8 In June 2016, this court issued an opinion which vacated defendant ’ s con viction but held that we lacked jurisdiction to consider the State ’ s request to reinstate the nol

- prossed charges. On March 29, 2017, our supreme court entered a supervisory order directing this court to vacate the June 2016 opinion and “to con sider the effect of [the supreme court ’ s] opinion in People v. Shinaul , 2017 IL 120162, on the issues of whether (1) the appellate court has jurisdiction to

c onsider the reinstatement of previously nol

- prossed counts following a court vacating a conviction based on a guilty plea in exchange for remaining counts being nol

- prossed; and (2) if there is jurisdiction, whether the nol

- prossed counts can be reinstated .” This court subsequently vacated our June 2016 opinion. ¶ 9 ANALYSIS ¶ 10 We first address defendant ’ s argument on appeal that the trial court erred in denying his section 2

- 1401 petition to vacate the conviction. “[S]ection 2

- 1401 of the Code represents a comprehensive statutory procedure authorizing a trial court to vacate or modify a final order or judgment in civil and criminal proceedings. [Citations.] A proceeding under section 2 -14011-14-2130

- 4 - constitutes an independent and separate action from the original action ***.” Warren County S oil & Water Conservation District v. Walters , 2015 IL 117783, ¶ 31. Where a section 2 -1401 petition raises a purely legal challenge to a judgment, the standard of review is de novo. Id. ¶ 47. ¶ 11 Defendant asserts that his conviction pursuant to sub section s (a)(1) and (a) (3)(B) of the AUUW statute (720 ILCS 5/24 -1.6(a)(1) ,(a) (3)(B) (West 2004)) must be vacated because the statute is unconstitutional. Subsection (a) (3)(B) specified that a person committed the offense of AUUW if he knowin gly possessed a firearm that was “uncased, unloaded and the ammunition for the weapon was immediately accessible at the time of the offense.” 720 ILCS 5/24

- 1.6(a)(3)(B) (West 2006). ¶ 12 The State concedes, and we agree, that the rationale expressed in Aguilar applies equally to subsection (a)(3)(B). Upholding a conviction under subsection (a) (3)(B) would illogically prohibit the possession of an unloaded gun in the same situation where, under Aguilar , the possession of a loaded gun is constitutionally protecte d. There is nothing in Aguilar suggesting that whether a gun is loaded affects the second amendment “right to possess and use a firearm for self

- defense outside the home.” 2013 IL 112116, ¶ 21. Accordingly, we find subsection (a) (3)(B) constitutionally inv alid under Aguilar

. ¶ 13 Further, the supreme court has clarified that Aguilar ’ s reasoning applies regardless of whether the offense is a Class 4 or Class 2 felony under the AUUW sentencing provision. Burns , 2015 IL 117387, ¶ 22 (“our reference in Aguilar to a ‘ Class 4 form ’ of the offense was inappro priate ” as “[t]here is no ‘ Class 4 form ’ or ‘ Class 2 form ’ of AUUW .”). Thus, the fact that defendant’ s prior felony made his AUUW offense a Class 2 offense does not affect the application of Aguilar to void his conviction.1-14-2130

- 5 - ¶ 14 Under the reasoning of Aguilar , subsection (a) (3)(B) is constitutionally invalid. A conviction pursuant to a facially unconstitutional statute must be vacated. See People v. Henderson , 2013 IL App (1st) 113294, ¶ 12 (vacating conviction based on a statutory section invalidated under Aguilar ). Accordingly, defendant ’ s section 2

- 1401 petition to vacate his conviction should have been granted. ¶ 15 Conceding that defendant ’ s conviction under the plea agreement should be vacated, the State asks this court to reman d this case to the circuit court to perm it the State to reinstate six of the nol

- prossed counts

. The State asserts those counts “remain constitution al ” and that there are

no constitutional or statutory limitations preclu ding a prosecution on those charges. ¶ 16 Our June 2016 opinion in this matter concluded that we lacked jurisdiction to address t he State ’ s request to reinstate the nol

- prossed counts, as that issue had not been raised in the trial
court. Pursuant to the supre me court ’ s supervisory order, we now consider the effect of People v. Shinaul , 2017 IL 120162, in determining whether “the appellate court has jurisdiction to consider the reinstatement of previously nol

- prossed counts following a court vacating a conviction based on a guilty plea in exchange for remaining counts being nol -prossed.” Only i f we have jurisdiction may we proceed to decide whether the nol-prossed counts can be reinstated. ¶ 17 In Shinaul , defendant pled guilty to one count of AUUW, under the statut ory provision subsequently invalidated by Aguilar

. Id. ¶ 1. Pursuant to the plea agreement, the State nol

prossed several other charges. Id. Defendant completed the full term of his sentence. Id. ¶ 18 The Shinaul defendant subsequently filed a petition under section 2

- 1401 of the Code, seeking to vacate his conviction as void pursuant to Aguilar

. Id. ¶ 2. The State, “[c]onceding that defendant’ s conviction should be vacated in light of Aguilar , *** filed a motion to reinstate certain AUUW counts that were previously nol -prossed.” Id. Following a hearing, the trial court1-14-2130

- 6 - agreed that the conviction was void pursuant to Aguilar

. Id. ¶ 3. However, the trial court denied the State ’ s motion to reinstate the nol

- prossed charges. Id. The State filed a motion to rec onsider in which it argued t here were no constitutional or statutory limitat ions barring reprosecution of the nol

- prossed charges. Id. The trial court denied the motion to reconsider, and the State appealed. Id. ¶ 19 The appellate court de termined it lacked jur isdiction and denied the State ’ s petition for rehearing. Id. ¶¶ 4-5. However, the supreme court held that there was appellate jurisdiction under

a rticle VI, section 6, of the Illinois Constitution (Ill. Const. 1970, art. VI, § 6), because the trial court order constituted a final judgment. Shinaul , 2017 IL 120162, ¶¶ 10-11. The sup reme court explained that “a ‘ final judgment ’ is a determination by the circuit court on the issues presented by the pleadings which ascertains and fixes absolutely and finally th e rights of the parties in the lawsuit.” (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Id. ¶ 10. Shinaul recognized “t he issues before the circuit court were limited to whether the AUUW cou nt to which defendant had pled guilty should be vacated, w hether he sho uld be allowed to withdr a w his neg otiate d gu i lty p lea , and whether the Sta t e should be allo w ed to rei nstate the counts it had nol -prossed.” Id. ¶ 11. “Once the circuit judge resolved all the pending issues in its written order, the matter terminated *** allow ing the State to seek review, as of right, of the circuit court’s ruling.” Id. ¶ 12. ¶ 20 Proceeding to review the trial court ’ s denial of the State ’ s motion for reinstatement, the supreme court determined that the criminal statute of limitations (720 ILCS 5/3

- 5 (West 2012)) “serve[d] as an absolute bar to the State ’ s motion to reinstate the charges it nol -prossed.” Shinaul , 2017 IL 120162, ¶¶ 15-18 (holding that the limitations period was not tolled by section 2- 1401 proceedings)

. Thus, the supreme court affirmed the judgment of the circuit court. Id. ¶ 20.1-14-2130

- 7 - ¶ 21 In assessing our jurisdiction to consider the State ’ s request to reinstate nol- prossed counts in this appeal, w e recognize that Shinaul also involve d a section 2

- 1401 petition seeking to

vaca te a conviction under a plea agreement. However, Shinaul ’s procedural posture differs : in Shinaul , the State moved the trial court to reinstate nol

- prossed charges, and the tr ial court decided that motion in the same final judgment th at granted the section 2

- 1401 petitio n. I n this case, the State raised the issue of reinstatement for the first time on appeal. ¶ 22 This procedural distinction is significant in deciding our jurisdiction to review the reinstatement issue

. In Shinaul , there was jur isdiction to review th at issue b ecau se it was decided as part of a final judgment. Shinaul recognized that “ a ‘ final judgment ’ is a deter mination by the

c ircuit court on the is sues presented by the pleadings ” and t he trial court’ s order was final because it decided all “the issues before the circuit court ,” including the motion for reinstatement. (Emphase s added.) Id. ¶¶ 10

- 11 (“When the circuit court ultimately denied the State ’s motion ***, a final decision on the State’ s motion was entered.”). ¶ 23 Shinaul thus confirms appellate jurisdicti on to review the reinstate ment of nol-prossed charges where the State has made a motion for reinstatement in the trial court presiding ove r the section 2

- 1401 proceeding and the motion is decided in a final order

. Shinaul does not address the situation pre sented here , where the issue of reinstatement is raised for first time on appeal from the trial court order deciding the section 2 -1401 petition. ¶ 24 As Shinaul recognized that article VI confers appellate jurisdiction to review final judgments by the circuit court and that a final judgment is a determination “on the issues presented by the pleadings” ( id. ¶ 10), we conclude that we lack appellate jurisdiction to consider

an issue not considered by the circuit court in the underlying section 2-1401 proceeding.1-14-2130

- 8 - Although the trial court entered a final judgment in this case, that judgment was limited to defendant’ s petition to vacate his conviction under a single count of AUUW

. The p otential reinstatement of other counts was simply not part of the final judgment from which the defendant appealed . Thus, we conclude we do not have jurisdiction to revi ew the State ’ s request for reinstatement of nol-prossed counts. ¶ 25 We recognize that a rti cle VI elsewhere provides that “ [t] he Appellate Court may exercise original jurisdiction when necessary to the complete determination of any case on review.” Ill. Const. 1970, art

. VI, § 6. However, t he “case on review” in this appeal is not the o riginal prosecution that resulted in the plea agreement but rather the separate section 2

- 1401 p roceeding

. See Price v. Philip Morris, Inc. , 2015 IL 117687, ¶ 23 ( a section 2

- 1401 petition “is not a continuation of the original action” but “is an initial pleading that commences a new and separate cause of action”) . The possible reinstatement of nol

- prossed charges is not necessary to the determination of the case on review , which is limited to whether the AUUW conviction should be vacated under Aguilar

. Thus, we do not find that we have original jurisdiction to consider th e reinstatement issue. ¶ 26 Pursuant to the supreme court ’ s supervisory order, w e determine that , notwithstanding Shinaul , this court lack s jurisdiction to consider the reinstatement of previously nol -prossed counts following the vacatur of defendant ’ s conviction

. 2 In turn, we do not address the merits of the State ’ s request for reinstatement. ¶ 27 For the foregoing reasons, we reverse the trial court ’ s denial of the section 2 -1401 petition, vacate defendant ’ s co nviction, and remand for proceedings consistent with this opinion.

2 Our decision does not preclude the State from filing a new indictment or moving in the circuit court to vacate the nolle pro sequi , subject to any statutory or constitutional defenses. People v. Hughes , 2012 IL 112817, ¶¶ 24-25 .1-14-2130

- 9 - ¶ 28 Reversed; conviction vacated ; cause remanded

.