# Patent

## Title
Gemstone inventory and detection system

## Abstract

A system for controlling gemstones employs RFID chips adhered to each stone. A display or storage area includes a radiator for generating activating emission for the RFID chips and an antenna for picking up the resultant RF signals including serial number. Both the radiator and antenna are connected to a computer supporting a database with an inventory of the chips and anti-collision circuitry for identifying the chips.

## Background
RELATED APPLICATION
This application claims priority of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/380,623 filed May 15, 2002, which is incorporated herein by reference.


BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Identification of individual diamonds and other gemstones has been a longstanding problem for both jewelers and their customers. To date, the only method of identification available is the laser scribing of a serial number on the stone.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The purpose of this invention is to provide a unique solution to this identification process. In this solution an RFID (radio frequency identification chip) is adhered to the girdle or some other portion of the stone, preferably a location that is not visible or is inconspicuous when the stone is mounted, by an adhesive such as a clear epoxy. Use of a UV epoxy would provide instant adhesion to the stone.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a side view of a diamond illustrating the points of attachment of RFID chips;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a system for inventorying and detecting the removal of gemstones from a display area;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an RFID chip and associated antenna; and
FIG. 4 is a side view of an RFID chip with integral antenna.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Referring to FIG. 1, the extremely small RFID chips are adhered to a gemstone such as a diamond 10 at a point which will not normally be visible when the gemstone is incorporated at the setting, such as along the girdle or at some point below the girdle.
To prevent exchange of an RFID equipped stone with a stone of lesser value, the chip is covered by a material which would provide a visual indication of the removal of the chip from the stone.
The RFID chip would be of the type supplied by PharmaSeq (Princeton, N.J.). This chip is activated by light and transmits its data by RF. The memory portion of the chip contains a unique serial number. In actual production, a serial number would not be duplicated for years.
Other RFID chips, such as manufactured by Hitachi (Japan) called the MU chip or others, could be utilized in this application. These chips might require activation and then transmission of their data by radio frequency signals.
This disclosure describes a system to provide inventory control and pilferage protection in such locations as jewelry stores or any location dealing with high value small objects.
In these locations, the enclosures containing these objects would be irradiated with the proper type of energy to cause the RFID to transmit its data; either light or RF energy.
A computer system for implementing the present invention is illustrated in FIG. 2. A plurality of gemstones or other objects having the RFID chips attached are supported in an enclosure 20 which may be a display case, storage cabinet, etc. The storage container 20 supports a source 30 for irradiating the RFID chips on the objects 10. The irradiation may be RF energy, in which case the source 30 is an antenna, or it may be light energy of a particular frequency. The enclosure 20 also includes an antenna 40 to pick up the RF signals transmitted by the RFID chips on the objects 10 when they are illuminated, which signals contain their serial number.
Both the irradiating source 30 and the pick up antenna 40 are connected to a transceiver 50 which energizes the illumination source 30 and receives the signals picked up by the antenna 40. The transceiver is connected to a computer 60 which has an associated display 70. A reader 80 on which an RFID equipped gemstone 10 may be placed is connected to the computer 60. The computer also receives a microphone 90 which allows the input of data relating to the stones into a database supported in the computer.
The enclosures would be equipped with antennas to receive this multiplicity of signals. The antennas would be connected to a transceiver with anti-collision capability. This transceiver would be connected to a computer or remote terminal. The computer, by controlling the operation of the transceiver, constantly polls the contents of these enclosures. It would instantly detect the removal of any RFID equipped object and display its description.
The computer would also contain all relevant information regarding the RFID equipped objects such as size, cost, quality, etc. This information could be inputted by keyboard or by utilizing voice recognition. Voice recognition, utilizing a program such as supplied by IBM, would provide a time saving method of inputting data while grading stones by using a microphone as the input device. All information relative to an RF equipped object could be obtained by placing the RFID equipped object on a reader device connected to the computer. The reader would activate the RFID chip, read its serial number, then display this information on the computer's screen.
All RFID chips are unable to radiate power without an external antenna. In an application with minimum physical dimensions, the addition of a bulky antenna to the chip could void the application. The solution to this problem is to manufacture an RFID chip with an integral antenna. In order to achieve maximum electrical efficiency, the area of the antenna should be as large as the chip.
One method for manufacturing would be as follows: 1) coat the chip with an insulating layer; 2) process the antenna on this layer; and 3) appropriate connections between the antenna and the chip would ensure maximum antenna efficiency.
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of an RFID chip 10 and its attached antenna 100. FIG. 4 is a side view, or cross-sectional view, illustrating the chip 10, with a superimposed insulating layer 110 with an antenna layer 120 superimposed on the insulating layer and feed through connections 130, joining the two.

## Claims

1. A system of inventorying and identifying gemstones, comprising:
securing RFID chips, each having a unique serial number, to a plurality of gemstones; 
storing said gemstones in an enclosure; 
providing a transceiver operative to generate interrogating signals for the RFID chips and to receive data signals from the interrogating chips; 
a computer having an identifying and interrogating application program stored in memory connected to the transceiver, and an antenna for the transceiver disposed proximate to said enclosure; and 
activating said computer to generate interrogating signals for said chips and to maintain an inventory of gemstones in the enclosure and identify missing chips based on signals received by the antenna.

2. The system of claim 1, further including an antenna supported on each gemstone and operatively connected to the output of the RFID chip secured to such gemstone.