NO. 06-16-00050-CV

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS 

FOR THE SIXTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS 

AT TEXARKANA 

LATASHA JAMES 

APPELLANT 

VS. 

THOMAS W. KRUDEWIG CRNA, PLLC 

APPELLEE 

On appeal from the 71ST Judicial District Court of Harrison County, Texas 

In Cause No.15-0689 

________ 

APPELLANT’S BRIEF

________ 

Counsels of Record 

 William T. Hughey, Esq. 

P.O. Box 2012 

Marshall, Texas 75671 

Hugheylaw@sbcglobal.net

Ph. 903-935-5550 

Fax 866-823-7185 

ACCEPTED

06-16-00050-CV

SIXTH COURT OF APPEALS

TEXARKANA, TEXAS

9/8/2016 5:39:10 PM

DEBBIE AUTREY

CLERK

 FILED IN 6th COURT OF APPEALS TEXARKANA, TEXAS 9/9/2016 8:15:00 AM DEBBIE AUTREY Clerk
LIST OF PARTIES

APPELLANT

Latasha James

APPELLEE

Thomas W. Krudewig CRNA,PLLC

APPELLANT COUNSEL TRIAL LEVEL

William T. Hughey, Esq.

APPELLEE COUNSEL TRIAL LEVEL

Cooper & Scully. P.C

APPELLANT’S ATTORNEY ON APPEAL

William T. Hughey, Esq.

P.O. Box 2012

Marshall, Texas 75671

APPELLEE ATTORNEY ON APPEAL

Cooper & Scully, P.C.

900 Jackson St. Ste. 900

Dallas, Texas 75202

ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS

LIST OF PARTIES......................................................ii

INDEX OF AUTHORITIES............................................v

STATEMENT OF THE CASE.........................................1-2

ISSUE PRESENTED....................................................2

 

Is Plaintiff’s List A Informed Consent Cause of Action governed 

by the Expert Report Requirement under to Chapter 74, Sec. 74.351

STATE OF FACTS......................................................2-5

SUMMARY OF ARUMENT...........................................5-6

ARGUMENT..............................................................6-7

PRAYER...................................................................8

CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE........................................8

CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE...................................8

iii
INDEX OF AUTHORITIES

Cases Pages

Binur, M.D. v. Jacobo, 135 S.W.3d 646,

Supreme Court of Texas 2004.............................. 6, 7

Statutes 

Chapter 74, Sec. 74.351...................................... 2

Chapter 74, Sec. 74.102......................................4,5

Chapter 74, Sec. 74.104......................................5

Chapter 74, Sec. 74.105......................................5

Texas Administrative Code § 601.2 (a)....................5

6.02 of former article 4590i..................................6

iv
1

TO THE HONORABLE COURT OF APPEALS: 

Appellant respectfully submits the instant brief. This is an appeal from The 

71st Judicial District Court Harrison County Texas, Cause No.15-0689. 

Statement of the Case

 Appellant Latasha James on September 30, 2015, filed an Original Petition 

against Defendant Thomas Krudewig, CRNA; pursuant to the Texas Chapter 74 

Malpractice Act. (CR 5). On October 28, 2015, Defendant filed an Answer to 

Plaintiff’s Original Petition

 Appellant Latasha James on February 10, 2016 , filed an Amended Petition 

against Defendant Thomas Krudewig, CRNA; (CR 16) The Amended Petition 

contained all previous allegations against Defendant and added that On October 1, 

2015 , Defendant’s Agent Thomas Krudewig a Certified Registered Nurse 

Anesthetist (CRNA) rendered Health Care Service to Plaintiff Latasha James and 

fail to obtain an Informed Consent Form signed by Plaintiff prior to the 

Application of Anesthesia which is a List A procedure under §601.2 requiring 

“Full Disclosure of Specific Risks and Hazards”. (CR 13)

 Defendant Krudewig on March 3, 2016 filed a Motion to Dismiss based on 

Plaintiff’s failure to file an Expert Report pursuant to Chapter 74, Sec. 74.351.(CR 
2

24-26) On April 1, 2016 the court entered an order granting the request dismissal. 

(CR 28). Plaintiff on May 2, 2016 filed a timely Notice of Appeal. (CR 33)

ISSUES PRESENTED

Is Plaintiff’s List A Informed Consent Cause of action governed by the Expert 

Report Requirement under to Chapter 74, Sec. 74.351.

STATEMENT OF FACTS

Appellant Latasha James on September 30, 2015, filed an Original Petition 

against Defendant Thomas Krudewig, CRNA; pursuant to the Texas Chapter 74 

Malpractice Act. (CR 5). On October 1, 2013, Plaintiff Latasha James (herein 

Plaintiff) presented for day surgery at Good Shepherd Medical Center, Marshall, 

Texas. Plaintiff who was pregnant was schedule for a McDonald Cerclage, medical 

procedure to be performed by Surgeon, Vanessa L. Miller, MD. Defendant’s 

Thomas Krudewig a Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist (CRNA) was 

contracted to for the application of Anesthesia for the procedure. Defendant Agent 

Thomas Krudewig CRNA utilized a Spinal Anesthesia on the person of Plaintiff 

Latasha James. (CR 6) The surgery was successfully performed by Vanessa L. 

Miller, M.D. (CR 6) Plaintiff was transported to the Post-Anesthesia Care Unit, 
3

Plaintiff eventually was released to go home but was still feeling numbness in her 

lower extremities which impacted her ability to walk. (CR 6) On October 2, 2015, 

Plaintiff with the aid of her mother returned to Good Shepherd Medical Center, 

Marshall entering and being triage in the Emergency Room. Plaintiff was, 

shaking, had numbness, weakness in her lower extremities and an involuntary head 

nodding. Plaintiff was eventually transported to Good Shepherd Medical Center 

where she was admitted and hospitalized for a period of time. Plaintiff following 

her released returned home with the following health problems and limitations (1) 

Uncontrollable head movement with pain in neck,(2) Burning pain in her buttocks 

(3) Tingling in her back and legs,(4) Loss of bladder control at times, (5) Pain in

her lower back,(6) Inability to walk without assistance and or use of walker,(7) 

Difficulty with basic daily activities, (8) Need for assistance caring for son ,not 

being able to carry him(9) Need for assistance with house work, cooking and selfcare, (10) Unable to walk up flight of Stairs and (11) Need for assistance getting 

out of bed daily because of back stiffness. All of the health problems and 

limitations did not exist prior to October 1, 2013 but now are a daily part of 

Plaintiff’s life. (CR 6) Plaintiff furthered alleged that the symptoms that Plaintiff 

was displaying on October 1st ,2nd and thereafter were consistent with Spinal 

Hematoma. (CR 7) However Defendant Thomas Krudewig a Certified Registered 
4

Nurse Anesthetist (CRNA) never stepped forwarded with the information and its

connection to the Spinal Anesthesia he applied on the person of Plaintiff Latasha 

James. (CR 7)

 Appellant Latasha James on February 10, 2016 , filed an Amended Petition 

against Defendant Thomas Krudewig, CRNA; (CR 16) The Amended Petition 

contained all previous allegations against Defendant and added that On October 1, 

2015 , Defendant’s Agent Thomas Krudewig a Certified Registered Nurse 

Anesthetist (CRNA) rendered Health Care Service to Plaintiff Latasha James and 

Fail to obtain an Informed Consent Form signed by Plaintiff prior to the 

Application of Anesthesia which is a List A procedure under §601.2 requiring 

“Full Disclosure of Specific Risks and Hazards” and that the Defendant postsurgery had knowledge that the symptoms that Plaintiff was displaying on October 

1

st ,2nd and thereafter were consistent with Spinal Hematoma and or Side effects 

Risk associated with the administration of Spinal Anesthesia which dictates 

Disclosure and Consent pursuant to List A under Chapter 601 (Texas Medical 

Disclosure Panel Informed Consent) which implements the requirement of Texas 

Civil Practice and Remedies Code, Chapter 74, Medical Liability, Subchapter C, 

§74.102 (relating to Texas Medical Disclosure Panel)(CR 19-20)
5

 Defendant Krudewig on March 3, 2016 filed a Motion to Dismiss based on 

Plaintiff’s failure to file an Expert Report pursuant to Chapter 74, Sec. 74.351.(CR 

24-26) On April 1, 2016 the court entered an order granting the request dismissal. 

(CR 28). Plaintiff on May 2, 2016 file a timely Notice of Appeal. (CR 33)

SUMMARY OF ARGUMENT

Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code Chapter 74, Medical Liability, 

Subchapter C §74.102 (relating to Texas Medical Disclosure Panel) addresses the 

necessity that Patients should be afford information associated with certain risk 

which comes with health care procedures. The Texas Administrative Code Chapter 

601: Informed Consent details those procedures and designates them as List A and 

List B Procedures. List A Procedures are those which the Panel has identified and 

listed as those which require full disclosure ; a failure to disclose create a rebuttal 

presumption of a negligent failure to conform to the duty of disclosure set forth in 

Sections 74.104 and 74.105. Plaintiff Informed Consent cause of action 

associated with the Anesthesia procedure received by her is a List A Procedure 

listed under Texas Administrative Code § 601.2 (a). It is Plaintiff’s position that 

the Panel Designation of the procedure as a List A negates the needs for an Expert 
6

Report on her negligence cause of action against Defendant based on his failure to 

inform.

ARGUMENT

In Binur, M.D. v. Jacobo, 135 S.W.3d 646, Supreme Court of Texas 2004, the 

Court provided a brief history on the concept of informed consent and in 

particular the impact of a health care provider failure to provide Informed Consent 

for those procedures designated as List A procedures the Binur Court stated:

A claim by a patient that a health care provider failed to obtain informed consent to 

medical care or a surgical procedure is governed by section 6.02 of former article 

4590i. While this case was pending on appeal, the Legislature amended parts of 

article 4590i and recodified it in 2003 as chapter 74 of the Texas Civil Practice and 

Remedies Code. Former section 6.02 is now section 74.101 of that Code. Because 

former section 6.02 continues to govern this case, and the court of appeals' opinion 

as well as the parties' briefing cite it, we will cite to that section rather than its 

recodification.

Former section 6.02 says:

In a suit against a physician or health care provider involving a health care liability 

claim that is based on the failure of the physician or health care provider to 

describe or adequately to disclose the risks and hazards involved in the medical 

care or surgical procedure rendered by the physician or health care provider, the 

only theory on which recovery may be obtained is that of negligence in failing to 

disclose the risks or hazards that could have influenced a reasonable person in 

making a decision to give or withhold consent.

The court of appeals correctly noted that the Medical Liability and Insurance 

Improvement Act, embodied in former article 4590i, created the Texas Disclosure 

Panel to promulgate a list, known as List A, that identifies procedures for which 

some disclosure is required and the risks or hazards of those procedures. If a health 

care provider discloses the risks or hazards identified in List A for a procedure, 
7

there is a rebuttable presumption that the health care provider was not negligent in 

obtaining informed consent. Conversely, failure to disclose the risks or hazards 

identified in List A for a particular procedure will create a rebuttable presumption 

that the health care provider was negligent in failing to disclose those risks or 

hazards. (Binur at 654)

The Plaintiff has clearly articulated in her First Amended Petition an informed 

consent violation associate with defendant’s failure to inform her with the risk 

associated with the Anesthesia procedure received by her ; Anesthesia is List A 

Procedure listed under Texas Administrative Code § 601.2 (a). In this context that 

the “Texas Medical Disclosure Panel” has already established the failure to

inform as to this procedure create a rebuttable presumption that the health care 

provider was negligent in failing to disclose those risks or hazards. In light of the 

presumption Plaintiff would tender to the Court that the rebuttable presumption 

that the health care provider was negligent in failing to disclose those risks or 

hazards negates the necessity for an Expert Report. In keeping with this argument 

although Plaintiffs Malpractice claim is not actionable ,Plaintiff’s Negligent 

Failure to Inform claim is still viable requiring a remand to the matter to the district 

court for resolution of the pending “Failure to Inform Cause of Action”.
8

PRAYER

 Appellant prays that she be granted the relief requested on the issue

presented and the case be Remanded to the Trial Court to resolve the Informed 

Consent Cause of Action.

 /s/ William T. Hughey

 Counselors for Appellant 

 

CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE

Undersigned counsel hereby certifies that a true and correct copy of the 

foregoing Appellant’s Brief was served via E-Serve on all Attorney of Record.

 /s/ William T. Hughey

CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE

Undersigned counsel certifies the contents of this brief comply with the Tex 

.R. App. P. 9.4(i)(3). The number of words in this brief, as calculated by MSWord 

Count and excluding portions as provided by Tex. R. App. P 9.4(i)(1) is 1,684. 

 /s/ William T. Hughey