# Patent

## Title
Counter-track joint having identically orientated opposed pairs of tracks

## Abstract

A constant velocity fixed ball joint in the form of a counter-track joint comprising an outer joint part with outer tracks, an inner joint part with inner tracks, torque-transmitting balls accommodated in pairs of tracks, and a ball cage with cage windows in which the balls are held in a common plane. First outer tracks and first inner tracks form first pairs of tracks which diverge from one another running in a first axial direction towards the connection end of the inner joint part and hold first balls. Second outer tracks and second inner tracks form second pairs of tracks which diverge from one another running in a second axial direction towards the connection end of the outer joint part and hold second balls. First pairs of tracks are positioned radially opposite other first pairs of tracks, and second pairs of tracks are positioned radially opposite other second pairs of tracks.

## Background
TECHNICAL FIELD
The invention relates to a constant velocity fixed ball joint in the form of a counter-track joint comprising an outer joint part with outer tracks, an inner joint part with inner tracks, torque-transmitting balls accommodated in pairs of tracks consisting of outer tracks and inner tracks, and a ball cage with cage windows in which the balls are held in a common plane and guided on to the angle-bisecting plane when the joint is articulated. First outer tracks, together with first inner tracks, form first pairs of tracks which diverge from one another along a first axial direction towards the connection end of the inner joint part and hold first balls. Second outer tracks, together with second inner tracks, form second pairs of tracks which diverge from one another along a second axial direction towards the connection end of the outer joint part and hold second balls.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Counter-track joints of the above-mentioned type are advantageous in that the balls alternately circumferentially arranged in first pairs of tracks and second pairs of tracks are subjected, via the tracks, to forces which alternately point in a first direction and in a second direction. The forces are accommodated by counter-forces of the ball cage which are balanced in the form of internal forces, so that the cage is not subjected to any external axial forces. The cage thus runs in a relatively friction-free way relative to the outer joint part. Presently, for production and assembly reasons and with reference to the preferred ball sizes, it has been common practice with joints according to the state of the art that opposite a first pair of tracks widening in a first direction, there is arranged, radially opposite thereto, a second pair of tracks widening in a second direction. This design has disadvantages with regard to joint control, i.e., the control force conditions at the cage. However, accurate cage control is desired in order to be able, at any time when the joint is articulated, to guide the balls in their entirety with sufficiently high control forces on to the angle-bisecting plane which symmetrically divides the angle between the axes of the outer joint part and the inner joint part. The reasons for the disadvantageous control conditions in joints according to the state of the art will be explained in greater detail later with reference to the drawings.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides a counter-track joint with improved control characteristics. The counter-track joint includes first pairs of tracks positioned radially opposite other first pairs of tracks, and second pairs of tracks positioned radially opposite other second pairs of tracks. More particularly, the first pairs of tracks and second pairs of tracks are arranged so as to alternate across the circumference of the joint. In one embodiment, a joint with eight uniformly circumferentially distributed pairs of tracks is disclosed. Other joint embodiments include twelve or sixteen pairs of tracks. An inventive joint is characterised by resulting control forces which constantly deviate from zero, and which are applied by pairs of tracks to the respective opposed pairs of balls, so that, overall, control conditions can be improved substantially. The reasons for such improved control force conditions will be explained below with reference to the drawings.
Other advantages and features of the invention will also become apparent upon reading the following detailed description and appended claims, and upon reference to the accompanying drawings.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
For a more complete understanding of this invention, reference should now be made to the embodiments illustrated in greater detail in the accompanying drawings and described below by way of examples of the invention.
In the drawings:
FIG. 1 shows a counter track joint according to the state of the art:

    
    
        A) in an axial view of the joint aperture;
        B) in a longitudinal section according to the sectional plane A—A; and
        C) in a longitudinal section according to the sectional plane B—B.
    
    


FIG. 2 shows a joint according to FIG. 1, illustrating the axial ball forces:

    
    
        A) in a longitudinal section; and
        B) in a developed view of the cage.
    
    


FIG. 3 shows a joint according to FIG. 1 rotating in an articulated condition:

    
    
        A) in an axial view;
        B) in a longitudinal section;
        C) in a detail comprising the cage and balls; and
        D) in an illustration of the control angle for two opposed balls.
    
    


FIG. 4 shows one embodiment of a counter track joint in accordance with the present invention:

    
    
        A) in an axial view of the joint aperture;
        B) in a longitudinal section according to the sectional plane A—A; and
        C) in a longitudinal section according to the sectional plane B—B.
    
    


FIG. 5 shows a joint according to FIG. 4, illustrating the axial ball forces:

    
    
        A) in a longitudinal section; and
        B) in a developed view of the cage.
    
    


FIG. 6 shows a joint according to FIG. 4 rotating in an articulated condition:

    
    
        A) in an axial view;
        B) in a longitudinal section;
        C) in a detail comprising the cage and balls; and
        D) in an illustration of the control angle for two opposed balls.
    
    





DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The illustrations of FIG. 1 will be described jointly below. An outer joint part 11 comprises an interior 12 with an aperture 13 and an opposed base 14. A connecting journal 15 is formed on to the base 14. In the interior 12, there is accommodated an inner joint part 21 with an inner aperture 22 for inserting a shaft journal. A ball cage 31 is arranged between the outer joint part 11 and the inner joint part 21. The joint comprises first outer tracks 161 and first inner tracks 261 which diverge from one another when viewed in a first direction R1 which runs from the joint center to the aperture end of the outer joint part. Furthermore, the joint comprises second outer tracks 162 and second inner tracks 262 which diverge from one other when viewed in a second direction R2 which, when viewed from the joint center, runs towards the journal end of the outer joint part. First outer tracks 161 and first inner tracks 261 form first pairs of tracks, with second outer tracks 162 and second inner tracks 262 forming second pairs of tracks. The pairs of tracks formed of inner tracks and outer tracks accommodate torque transmitting balls 361, 362. The ball cage 31 comprises a spherical outer face 32 which is held in a spherical inner face 18 of the outer joint part. The balls are held in windows 34 of the cage 31. In each radial section through opposing pairs of ball tracks through the entire joint, the first pairs of tracks 161, 261 and second pairs of tracks 162, 262 are positioned opposite one another, as can be seen in section A—A of FIG. 1B and in section B—B of FIG. 1C. The balls 361 in the first pairs of tracks are subjected by the tracks to forces which point in the first direction R1. The balls 362 in the second pairs of tracks are subjected by the tracks to forces which point in the second direction R2. This applies to torque transmitting conditions and leads to an internal load being applied to the cage. However, as the forces are balanced in pairs, the cage, overall, is held in the outer joint part in a condition where it is axially force-free. As a result, the friction forces between the cage and the outer joint part and the inner joint part are low when the assembled joint rotates.
In FIG. 2, the forces applied to the balls 361, 362 by the pairs of tracks 161, 261, 162, 262 are illustrated for four balls, and the developed view of the cage 34 shows the respective counter-forces which act on the balls and which have to be applied by the cage. With a total of six forces which act alternately in opposite directions, the cage 34 is outwardly force-free relative to the outer joint part 11 and to the inner joint part 11.
The individual illustrations of FIG. 3 will be described jointly below. A joint according to FIG. 1 is shown in an articulated condition, with an articulation angle β being set between the axis A11 of the outer joint part 11 and the axis A21 of the inner joint part 21. The angle between the axes A11, A21 is symmetrically divided by the angle-bisecting plane E. FIG. 3B is a longitudinal section through the so-called articulation plane spanned by the axes A11, A21. The balls are continuously numbered from 1 to 6, with the balls 1 and 4 being positioned in the articulation plane. In the points of contact between the balls 1 and 4 and the ball tracks, tangents have been drawn against the balls. The tangents at the ball 1 enclose a control angle α1, and the tangents at the ball 4 enclose a control angle α4 which, for reasons of symmetry, is of the same size. It is necessary to provide control angles which differ from zero, so that, upon articulation of the axes A11, A21, the ball tracks apply forces to the balls to enable same to control the cage on to the angle-bisecting plane E. It is permissible for the control forces at individual balls to be zero if high control forces are applied to other balls. FIG. 3D shows, quantitatively, for the balls 1 and 4, said control angles α1, α4 across one joint rotation with axes A11, A21 which are in a fixed position relative to one another. The illustration shows that, twice across the circumference, at rotational angles of 210° and 330°, the control angles of the balls 1 and 4 become zero simultaneously. Thus, according to FIG. 3C, the forces F1 and F4 also become zero. The forces F1 and F4, however, outside said angular position, form a pair of forces generating a tilting moment. Even if one takes into account that two further pairs of balls, with offset phases, act with pairs of forces deviating from zero, the cage control is relatively unsatisfactory.
The illustrations of FIG. 4 will be described jointly below. An outer joint part 111 comprises an interior 112 with an aperture 113 and an opposed base 114. The base 114 may be integrally formed with the outer joint part 111, as shown. A connecting journal 115 is formed on to the base 114. The interior 112 contains an inner joint part 121 with an inner aperture 122 for inserting a shaft journal. Between the outer joint part 111 and the inner joint part 121 there is arranged a ball cage 131. The joint comprises first outer tracks 1161 and first inner tracks 1261 which diverge from one another when viewed in the first direction R1 which points from the joint center to the aperture end of the outer joint part. Furthermore, the joint comprises second outer tracks 1162 and second inner tracks 1262 which diverge from one another when viewed in a second direction R2 which, if viewed from the joint center, points towards the journal end of the outer joint part. First outer tracks 1161 and first inner tracks 1261 form first pairs of tracks with one another. Second outer tracks 1162 and second inner tracks 1262 form second pairs of tracks with one another. The pairs of tracks formed of inner tracks and outer tracks accommodate torque transmitting balls 1361, 1362. The ball cage 131 comprises a spherical outer face 132 which is held in a spherical inner face 118 of the outer joint part. The balls are held in the windows 134 of the cage 131 and, resultingly, the balls are held in a common plane and guided onto the angle-bisecting plane when the point is articulated. In radial sections through ball tracks through the entire joint, first pairs of tracks are positioned opposite another first pair of tracks, as can be seen in section B—B of FIG. 4C. Second pairs of tracks are positioned opposite another second pair of tracks, as can be seen in section A—A of FIG. 4B. The balls 1361 in the first pairs of tracks 1161, 1261 are subjected by the tracks to forces which point in the first direction R1. The balls 1362 in the second pairs of tracks 1162, 1262 are subjected by the tracks to forces which point in the second direction R2. This applies to torque transmitting conditions and leads to an internal load being applied to the cage. However, as the forces are balanced in pairs, the cage, overall, is held in the outer joint part in a condition where it is axially force-free. As a result, the friction forces between the cage and the outer joint part and the inner joint part are low when the assembled joint rotates.
In FIG. 5, in a sectional view, the forces applied to the balls by the pairs of tracks are illustrated for five balls, and the developed view of the cage shows the respective counter-forces which act on the balls and which have to be applied by the cage. With a total of eight forces which act alternately in opposite directions, the cage is outwardly force-free.
The individual illustrations of FIG. 6 will be described jointly below. A joint according to FIG. 4 is shown in an articulated condition, with an articulation angle β being set between the axis A11 of the outer joint part 111 and the axis A21 of the inner joint part 121. The angle between the axes A11, A21 is symmetrically divided by the angle-bisecting plane E. FIG. 6B is a longitudinal section through the so-called articulation plane spanned by the axes A11, A21. The balls are continuously numbered from 1 to 8, with the balls 1 and 5 being positioned in the articulation plane. In the points of contact between the balls 1 and 5 and the ball tracks, tangents have been drawn against the balls; The tangents at the ball 1 enclose a control angle α1 and the tangents at the ball 5 enclose a control angle α5 which, for reasons of symmetry, is of the same size. It is necessary to provide control angles which differ from zero, so that, upon articulation of the axes A11, A21, the ball tracks apply forces to the balls to enable same to control the cage on to the angle-bisecting plane E. It is permissible for the control forces at individual balls to be zero if high control forces are applied to other balls. FIG. 6D shows, quantitatively for the balls 1 and 5, said control angles α1, α5 across one joint rotation with axes A11, A21 which are in a fixed position relative to one another. The illustration shows that, for each of the balls 1 and 5, twice across the circumference, i.e. at rotational angles of 30° and 150°, the control angle α1 for the ball 1 and at rotational angles of 210° and 330°, the control angle α5 of the ball 5 becomes zero, but the control angle of the respective ball positioned radially opposite always deviates from zero. Thus, also the pair of forces forme 4 by the forces F1 and F4, which generates a tilting moment, constantly deviates from zero. As a result, the cage control is extremely advantageous at all angles of rotation.
While the invention has been described in connection with one or more embodiments, it should be understood that the invention is not limited to those embodiments. Thus, the invention covers all alternatives, modifications, and equivalents as may be included in the spirit and scope of the appended claims.

## Claims

1. A constant velocity fixed ball joint in the form of a counter-track joint comprising;
an outer joint part with outer tracks; 
an inner joint part with inner tracks; 
torque-transmitting balls each accommodated in an outer track and inner track; and 
a ball cage with cage windows in which the balls are held in a common plane and guided on to the angle-bisecting plane when the joint is articulated, 
wherein first outer tracks and first inner tracks, form first pairs of tracks which diverge from one another running in a first axial direction towards a connection end of the inner joint part and hold first balls, and 
wherein second outer tracks and second inner tracks form second pairs of tracks which diverge from one another running in a second axial direction towards a connection end of the outer joint part and hold second balls wherein said first axial direction is opposite in sense with respect to said second axial direction, and the total pairs of tracks equal at least eight, 
wherein each first pair of tracks is positioned radially opposite another first pair of tracks and each second pair of tracks is positioned radially opposite another second pair of tracks and 
wherein the first pairs of tracks and second pairs of tracks are arranged so as to alternate around the circumference of the joint.

2. A joint according to claim 1 comprising twelve or sixteen pairs of tracks.

3. A joint according to claim 2, wherein, at its connection end, the outer joint part comprises an integrally formed-on joint base.

4. A joint according to claim 1, wherein, at its connection end, the outer joint part comprises an integrally formed-on joint base.