II 

Calendar No. 481 

112TH CONGRESS 

2D SESSION S. 641 

[Report No. 112–194] 

To provide 100,000,000 people with first-time access to safe drinking water 

and sanitation on a sustainable basis within six years by improving 

the capacity of the United States Government to fully implement the 

Senator Paul Simon Water for the Poor Act of 2005. 

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES 

MARCH 17, 2011 

Mr. DURBIN (for himself, Mr. CORKER, Mr. REID, Mr. ROBERTS, Mr. 

CARDIN, Mr. ISAKSON, Mr. LEAHY, Mr. LAUTENBERG, Mr. BINGAMAN, 

Mr. JOHNSON of South Dakota, Mr. COONS, Mr. WHITEHOUSE, Mrs. 

MURRAY, Ms. KLOBUCHAR, Mr. AKAKA, Mr. MERKLEY, Mrs. SHAHEEN, 

Mr. REED, Mr. KOHL, Mr. MENENDEZ, Ms. MIKULSKI, Mr. CASEY, Mrs. 

FEINSTEIN, Mr. SANDERS, Mrs. BOXER, Mr. HARKIN, and Mr. 

FRANKEN) introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations 

JULY 31, 2012 

Reported by Mr. KERRY, without amendment 

A BILL 

To provide 100,000,000 people with first-time access to safe 

drinking water and sanitation on a sustainable basis 

within six years by improving the capacity of the United 

States Government to fully implement the Senator Paul 

Simon Water for the Poor Act of 2005. 


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1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 

3 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 

4 This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Senator Paul Simon 

5 Water for the World Act of 2011’’. 

6 SEC. 2. FINDINGS. 

7 Congress finds the following: 

8 (1) The Senator Paul Simon Water for the 

9 Poor Act of 2005 (Public Law 109–121)— 

10 (A) makes access to safe water and sanita11 tion for developing countries a specific policy 

12 objective of United States foreign assistance 

13 programs; 

14 (B) requires the Secretary of State to— 

15 (i) develop a strategy to elevate the 

16 role of water and sanitation policy; and 

17 (ii) improve the effectiveness of 

18 United States assistance programs under19 taken in support of that strategy; 

20 (C) codifies Target 10 of the United Na21 tions Millennium Development Goals; and 

22 (D) seeks to reduce by half between 1990 

23 (the baseline year) and 2015— 


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1 (i) the proportion of people who are 

2 unable to reach or afford safe drinking 

3 water; and 

4 (ii) the proportion of people without 

5 access to basic sanitation. 

6 (2) On December 20, 2006, the United Nations 

7 General Assembly, in GA Resolution 61/192, de8 clared 2008 as the International Year of Sanitation, 

9 in recognition of the impact of sanitation on public 

10 health, poverty reduction, economic and social devel11 opment, and the environment. 

12 (3) On August 1, 2008, Congress passed H. 

13 Con. Res. 318, which— 

14 (A) supports the goals and ideals of the 

15 International Year of Sanitation; and 

16 (B) recognizes the importance of sanitation 

17 on public health, poverty reduction, economic 

18 and social development, and the environment. 

19 (4) While progress is being made on safe water 

20 and sanitation efforts— 

21 (A) more than 884,000,000 people 

22 throughout the world lack access to safe drink23 ing water; and 

24 (B) 2 of every 5 people in the world do not 

25 have access to basic sanitation services. 


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1 (5) The health consequences of unsafe drinking 

2 water and poor sanitation are significant, accounting 

3 for— 

4 (A) nearly 10 percent of the global burden 

5 of disease; and 

6 (B) more than 2,000,000 deaths each year. 

7 (6) Water scarcity has negative consequences 

8 for agricultural productivity and food security for 

9 the 1,200,000,000 people who, as of 2010, suffer 

10 from chronic hunger and seriously threatens the 

11 ability of the world to more than double food pro12 duction to meet the demands of a projected popu13 lation of 9,000,000,000 people by 2050. 

14 (7) According to the November 2008 report en15 titled, ‘‘Global Trends 2025: A Transformed World’’, 

16 the National Intelligence Council expects rapid ur17 banization and future population growth to exacer18 bate already limited access to water, particularly in 

19 agriculture-based economies. 

20 (8) According to the 2005 Millennium Eco21 system Assessment, commissioned by the United Nations, more than 1 22 ⁄5 of the world population relies on 

23 freshwater that is either polluted or excessively with24 drawn. 


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1 (9) The impact of water scarcity on conflict and 

2 instability is evident in many parts of the world, in3 cluding the Darfur region of Sudan, where demand 

4 for water resources has contributed to armed conflict 

5 between nomadic ethnic groups and local farming 

6 communities. 

7 (10) In order to further the United States con8 tribution to safe water and sanitation efforts, it is 

9 necessary to— 

10 (A) expand foreign assistance capacity to 

11 address the challenges described in this section; 

12 and 

13 (B) represent issues related to water and 

14 sanitation at the highest levels of United States 

15 foreign assistance and diplomatic deliberations, 

16 including those related to issues of global 

17 health, food security, the environment, global 

18 warming, and maternal and child mortality. 

19 SEC. 3. SENSE OF CONGRESS. 

20 It is the sense of Congress that the United States 

21 should help undertake a global effort to bring sustainable 

22 access to clean water and sanitation to poor people 

23 throughout the world. 

24 SEC. 4. PURPOSE. 

25 The purpose of this Act is— 


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1 (1) to enable first-time access to safe water and 

2 sanitation, on a sustainable basis, for 100,000,000 

3 people in high priority countries (as designated 

4 under section 6(f) of the Senator Paul Simon Water 

5 for the Poor Act of 2005 (22 U.S.C. 2152h note)) 

6 within 6 years of the date of enactment of this Act 

7 through direct funding, development activities, and 

8 partnerships; and 

9 (2) to enhance the capacity of the United 

10 States Government to fully implement the Senator 

11 Paul Simon Water for the Poor Act of 2005 (Public 

12 Law 109–121). 

13 SEC. 5. DEVELOPING UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT CA14 PACITY. 

15 Section 135 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 

16 (22 U.S.C. 2152h) is amended by adding at the end the 

17 following: 

18 ‘‘(e) SENIOR ADVISOR FOR WATER.— 

19 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—To carry out the purposes 

20 of subsection (a), the Administrator of the United 

21 States Agency for International Development shall 

22 designate a senior advisor to coordinate and conduct 

23 the activities described in this section and the Sen24 ator Paul Simon Water for the Poor Act of 2005 

25 (Public Law 109–121). The Advisor shall report diVerDate Mar 15 2010 22:48 Jul 31, 2012 Jkt 019200 PO 00000 Frm 00006 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S641.RS S641

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1 rectly to the Administrator and be known as the 

2 ‘Senior Advisor for Water’. The initial Senior Advi3 sor for Water shall be the individual serving as the 

4 USAID Global Water Coordinator as of the date of 

5 the enactment of the Senator Paul Simon Water for 

6 the World Act of 2010. 

7 ‘‘(2) DUTIES.—The Advisor shall— 

8 ‘‘(A) implement this section and the Sen9 ator Paul Simon Water for the Poor Act of 

10 2005 (Public Law 109–121); 

11 ‘‘(B) develop and oversee implementation 

12 in high priority countries of country-specific 

13 water strategies and expertise, in coordination 

14 with appropriate United States Agency for 

15 International Development Mission Directors, 

16 to enable the goal of providing 100,000,000 ad17 ditional people with sustainable access to safe 

18 water and sanitation through direct funding, 

19 development activities, and partnerships within 

20 6 years of the date of the enactment of the Sen21 ator Paul Simon Water for the World Act of 

22 2011; and 

23 ‘‘(C) place primary emphasis on providing 

24 safe, affordable, and sustainable drinking water, 

25 sanitation, and hygiene in a manner that— 


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1 ‘‘(i) is consistent with sound water re2 source management principles; and 

3 ‘‘(ii) utilizes such approaches as direct 

4 service provision, capacity building, institu5 tional strengthening, regulatory reform, 

6 and partnership collaboration; and 

7 ‘‘(D) integrate water strategies with coun8 try-specific or regional food security strategies. 

9 ‘‘(3) CAPACITY.—The Advisor shall be des10 ignated appropriate staff and may utilize inter11 agency details or partnerships with universities, civil 

12 society, and the private sector, as needed, to 

13 strengthen implementation capacity. 

14 ‘‘(4) FUNDING SOURCES.—The Advisor shall 

15 ensure that at least 25 percent of the overall fund16 ing necessary to meet the global goal set forth under 

17 paragraph (2)(B) is provided by non-Federal 

18 sources, including foreign governments, international 

19 institutions, and through partnerships with univer20 sities, civil society, and the private sector, including 

21 private and corporate foundations. 

22 ‘‘(f) SPECIAL COORDINATOR FOR INTERNATIONAL

23 WATER.— 

24 ‘‘(1) ESTABLISHMENT.—To increase the capac25 ity of the Department of State to address interVerDate Mar 15 2010 22:48 Jul 31, 2012 Jkt 019200 PO 00000 Frm 00008 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S641.RS S641

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1 national issues regarding safe water, sanitation, in2 tegrated river basin management, and other inter3 national water programs, the Secretary of State 

4 shall establish a Special Coordinator for Inter5 national Water (referred to in this subsection as the 

6 ‘Special Coordinator’), who shall report to the Under 

7 Secretary for Democracy and Global Affairs. The 

8 initial Special Coordinator shall be the individual 

9 serving as Special Coordinator for Water Resources 

10 as of the date of the enactment of the Senator Paul 

11 Simon Water for the World Act of 2011. 

12 ‘‘(2) DUTIES.—The Special Coordinator shall— 

13 ‘‘(A) oversee and coordinate the diplomatic 

14 policy of the United States Government with re15 spect to global freshwater issues, including 

16 interagency coordination related to— 

17 ‘‘(i) sustainable access to safe drink18 ing water, sanitation, and hygiene; 

19 ‘‘(ii) integrated river basin and water20 shed management; 

21 ‘‘(iii) global food security; 

22 ‘‘(iv) transboundary conflict; 

23 ‘‘(v) agricultural and urban produc24 tivity of water resources; 


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1 ‘‘(vi) disaster recovery, response, and 

2 rebuilding; 

3 ‘‘(vii) pollution mitigation; and 

4 ‘‘(viii) adaptation to hydrologic change 

5 due to climate variability; and 

6 ‘‘(B) ensure that international freshwater 

7 issues are represented— 

8 ‘‘(i) within the United States Govern9 ment; and 

10 ‘‘(ii) in key diplomatic, development, 

11 and scientific efforts with other nations 

12 and multilateral organizations. 

13 ‘‘(3) SUPPORT STAFF.—The Special Coordi14 nator shall be designated appropriate staff to sup15 port the duties described in paragraph (2).’’. 

16 SEC. 6. SAFE WATER, SANITATION, AND HYGIENE STRAT17 EGY. 

18 Section 6 of the Senator Paul Simon Water for the 

19 Poor Act of 2005 (22 U.S.C. 2152h note) is amended— 

20 (1) in subsection (b), by adding at the end the 

21 following: ‘‘The Special Coordinator for Inter22 national Water established under section 135(f) of 

23 the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 

24 2152h(f)) shall take actions to ensure that the safe 

25 water and sanitation strategy is integrated into any 


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1 review or development of a Federal strategy for 

2 global development, global health, or global food se3 curity that sets forth or establishes the United 

4 States mission for global development, guidelines for 

5 assistance programs, and how development policy 

6 will be coordinated with policies governing trade, im7 migration, and other relevant international issues.’’; 

8 (2) in subsection (c), by adding at the end the 

9 following: ‘‘In developing the program activities 

10 needed to implement the strategy, the Secretary 

11 shall consider the results of the assessment de12 scribed in subsection (e)(9).’’; and 

13 (3) in subsection (e)— 

14 (A) in paragraph (5), by striking ‘‘and’’ at 

15 the end; 

16 (B) in paragraph (6), by striking the pe17 riod at the end and inserting a semicolon; and 

18 (C) by adding at the end the following: 

19 ‘‘(7) an assessment of all United States Govern20 ment foreign assistance allocated to the drinking 

21 water and sanitation sector during the 3 previous 

22 fiscal years, across all United States Government 

23 agencies and programs, including an assessment of 

24 the extent to which the United States Government’s 

25 efforts are reaching and supporting the goal of enaVerDate Mar 15 2010 22:48 Jul 31, 2012 Jkt 019200 PO 00000 Frm 00011 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S641.RS S641

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1 bling first-time access to safe water and sanitation 

2 on a sustainable basis for 100,000,000 people in 

3 high priority countries; 

4 ‘‘(8) recommendations on what the United 

5 States Government would need to do to achieve and 

6 support the goals referred to in paragraph (7), in 

7 support of the United Nation’s Millennium Develop8 ment Goal on access to safe drinking water; and 

9 ‘‘(9) an assessment of best practices for mobi10 lizing and leveraging the financial and technical ca11 pacity of business, governments, nongovernmental 

12 organizations, and civil society in forming public-pri13 vate partnerships that measurably increase access to 

14 safe, affordable, drinking water and sanitation.’’. 

15 SEC. 7. DEVELOPING LOCAL CAPACITY. 

16 The Senator Paul Simon Water for the Poor Act of 

17 2005 (Public Law 109–121) is amended— 

18 (1) by redesignating sections 9, 10, and 11 as 

19 sections 10, 11, and 12, respectively; and 

20 (2) by inserting after section 8 the following: 

21 ‘‘SEC. 9. WATER AND SANITATION INSTITUTIONAL CAPAC22 ITY-BUILDING PROGRAM. 

23 ‘‘(a) ESTABLISHMENT.— 

24 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of State and 

25 the Administrator of the United States Agency for 


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1 International Development (referred to in this sec2 tion as the ‘Secretary’ and the ‘Administrator’ ‘’, re3 spectively), in consultation with host country institu4 tions, the Centers for Disease Control and Preven5 tion, the Department of Agriculture, and other agen6 cies, as appropriate, shall establish, in coordination 

7 with mission directors in high priority countries, a 

8 program to build the capacity of host country insti9 tutions and officials responsible for water and sani10 tation in countries that receive assistance under sec11 tion 135 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, in12 cluding training at appropriate levels, to— 

13 ‘‘(A) provide affordable, equitable, and sus14 tainable access to safe drinking water and sani15 tation; 

16 ‘‘(B) educate the populations of such coun17 tries about the dangers of unsafe drinking 

18 water and lack of proper sanitation; and 

19 ‘‘(C) encourage behavior change to reduce 

20 individuals’ risk of disease from unsafe drinking 

21 water and lack of proper sanitation and hy22 giene. 

23 ‘‘(2) EXPANSION.—The Secretary and the Ad24 ministrator may establish the program described in 

25 this section in additional countries if the receipt of 


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1 such capacity building would be beneficial for pro2 moting access to safe drinking water and sanitation, 

3 with due consideration given to good governance. 

4 ‘‘(3) CAPACITY.—The Secretary and the Ad5 ministrator— 

6 ‘‘(A) should designate appropriate staff 

7 with relevant expertise to carry out the strategy 

8 developed under section 6; and 

9 ‘‘(B) may utilize, as needed, interagency 

10 details or partnerships with universities, civil 

11 society, and the private sector to strengthen im12 plementation capacity. 

13 ‘‘(b) DESIGNATION.—The United States Agency for 

14 International Development Mission Director for each 

15 country receiving a ‘high priority’ designation under sec16 tion 6(f) and for each region containing a country receiv17 ing such designation shall report annually to Congress on 

18 the status of— 

19 ‘‘(1) designating safe drinking water and sani20 tation as a strategic objective; 

21 ‘‘(2) integrating the water strategy into a food 

22 security strategy; 

23 ‘‘(3) assigning an employee of the United 

24 States Agency for International Development as in25 country water and sanitation manager to coordinate 


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1 the in-country implementation of this Act and sec2 tion 135 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 

3 U.S.C. 2152h) with host country officials at various 

4 levels of government responsible for water and sani5 tation, the Department of State, and other relevant 

6 United States Government agencies; and 

7 ‘‘(4) coordinating with the Development Credit 

8 Authority and the Global Development Alliance to 

9 further the purposes of this Act.’’. 

10 SEC. 8. OTHER ACTIVITIES SUPPORTED. 

11 In addition to the requirements of section 135(c) of 

12 the Foreign Assistance Act (22 U.S.C. 2152h(c)) the Ad13 ministrator should— 

14 (1) foster global cooperation on research and 

15 technology development, including regional partner16 ships among water experts to address safe drinking 

17 water, sanitation, water resource management, and 

18 other water-related issues; 

19 (2) establish regional and cross-border coopera20 tive activities between scientists and specialists that 

21 work to share technologies and best practices, miti22 gate shared water challenges, foster international co23 operation, and defuse cross-border tensions; 

24 (3) provide grants through the United States 

25 Agency for International Development to foster the 


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1 development, dissemination, and increased and con2 sistent use of low-cost and sustainable technologies, 

3 such as household water treatment, hand washing 

4 stations, and latrines, for providing safe drinking 

5 water, sanitation, and hygiene that are suitable for 

6 use in high priority countries, particularly in places 

7 with limited resources and infrastructure; 

8 (4) in collaboration with the Centers for Dis9 ease Control and Prevention, Department of Agri10 culture, the Environmental Protection Agency, the 

11 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 

12 and other agencies, as appropriate, conduct forma13 tive and operational research and monitor and evalu14 ate the effectiveness of programs that provide safe 

15 drinking water and sanitation; and 

16 (5) integrate efforts to promote safe drinking 

17 water, sanitation and hygiene with existing foreign 

18 assistance programs, as appropriate, including ac19 tivities focused on food security, HIV/AIDS, ma20 laria, tuberculosis, maternal and child health, food 

21 security, and nutritional support. 

22 SEC. 9. MONITORING AND EVALUATION. 

23 (a) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of the Con24 gress that— 


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1 (1) achieving United States foreign policy objec2 tives requires the consistent and systematic evalua3 tion of the impact of United States foreign assist4 ance programs and analysis on what programs work 

5 and why, when, and where they work; 

6 (2) the design of assistance programs and 

7 projects should include the collection of relevant 

8 baseline data required to measure outcomes and im9 pacts; 

10 (3) the design of assistance programs and 

11 projects should reflect the knowledge gained from 

12 evaluation and analysis; 

13 (4) a culture and practice of high-quality eval14 uation should be revitalized at agencies managing 

15 foreign assistance programs, which requires that the 

16 concepts of evaluation and analysis are used to in17 form policy and programmatic decisions, including 

18 the training of aid professionals in evaluation design 

19 and implementation; 

20 (5) the effective and efficient use of funds can21 not be achieved without an understanding of how 

22 lessons learned are applicable in various environ23 ments and under similar or different conditions; and 


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1 (6) project evaluations should be used as 

2 sources of data when running broader analyses of 

3 development outcomes and impacts. 

4 (b) COORDINATION AND INTEGRATION.—To the ex5 tent possible, the Administrator shall coordinate and inte6 grate evaluation of United States water programs with the 

7 learning, evaluation, and analysis efforts of the United 

8 States Agency for International Development aimed at 

9 measuring development impact. 

10 SEC. 10. UPDATED REPORT REGARDING WATER FOR PEACE 

11 AND SECURITY. 

12 Section 11(b) of the Senator Paul Simon Water for 

13 the Poor Act of 2005, as redesignated by section 7, is 

14 amended by adding at the end the following: ‘‘The report 

15 submitted under this subsection shall include an assess16 ment of current and likely future political tensions over 

17 water sources and multidisciplinary assessment of the ex18 pected impacts of changes to water supplies and agricul19 tural productivity in 10, 25, and 50 years.’’. 

20 SEC. 11. COMPTROLLER GENERAL REPORT ON EFFECTIVE21 NESS AND EFFICIENCY OF UNITED STATES 

22 EFFORTS TO PROVIDE SAFE WATER AND 

23 SANITATION FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES. 

24 (a) REPORT REQUIRED.—Not later than one year 

25 after the date of the enactment of this Act, the CompVerDate Mar 15 2010 22:48 Jul 31, 2012 Jkt 019200 PO 00000 Frm 00018 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S641.RS S641

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1 troller General of the United States shall submit to the 

2 Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representa3 tives and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Sen4 ate a report on the effectiveness and efficiency of United 

5 States efforts to provide safe water and sanitation for de6 veloping countries. 

7 (b) ELEMENTS.—In preparing the report required by 

8 subsection (a), the Comptroller General shall, at a min9 imum— 

10 (1) identify all programs (and respective Fed11 eral agencies) in the Federal Government that per12 form the mission of providing safe water and sanita13 tion for developing countries, including capacity14 building, professional exchanges, and other related 

15 programs; 

16 (2) list the actual costs for the implementation, 

17 operation, and support of the individual programs; 

18 (3) assess the effectiveness of these programs in 

19 meeting their goals; 

20 (4) assess the efficiency of these programs com21 pared to each other and to programs to provide simi22 lar aid performed by nongovernmental organizations 

23 and other governments, and identify best practices 

24 from this assessment; 


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1 (5) identify and assess programs that are dupli2 cative of each other or of efforts by nongovernmental 

3 organizations and other governments; 

4 (6) assess whether appropriate oversight of 

5 these programs is being conducted by Federal agen6 cies, especially in the programs in which Federal 

7 agencies are utilizing contractors instead of govern8 ment employees to perform this mission; and 

9 (7) make such recommendations as the Comp10 troller General considers appropriate. 


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Calendar No. 481 

112TH CONGRESS 

2D SESSION S. 641 

[Report No. 112–194] 

A BILL 

To provide 100,000,000 people with first-time acfor the Poor Act of 2005. fully implement the Senator Paul Simon Water the capacity of the United States Government to sustainable basis within six years by improving cess to safe drinking water and sanitation on a 

JULY 31, 2012 

Reported without amendment 


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