SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK

Appellate Division, Fourth Judicial Department

197 

KA 13-01468 

PRESENT: PERADOTTO, J.P., CARNI, LINDLEY, CURRAN, AND SCUDDER, JJ. 

 

THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, RESPONDENT, 

V MEMORANDUM AND ORDER

JASON B. MORGAN, DEFENDANT-APPELLANT.

 

TIMOTHY P. DONAHER, PUBLIC DEFENDER, ROCHESTER (LINDA M. CAMPBELL OF

COUNSEL), FOR DEFENDANT-APPELLANT. 

SANDRA DOORLEY, DISTRICT ATTORNEY, ROCHESTER (SCOTT MYLES OF COUNSEL),

FOR RESPONDENT. 

 

Appeal from a judgment of the Supreme Court, Monroe County

(Thomas E. Moran, J.), rendered February 19, 2013. The judgment

convicted defendant, upon a jury verdict, of rape in the first degree

and criminal trespass in the second degree. 

It is hereby ORDERED that the judgment so appealed from is

unanimously affirmed. 

Memorandum: On appeal from a judgment convicting him upon a jury

verdict of rape in the first degree (Penal Law § 130.35 [1]) and

criminal trespass in the second degree (§ 140.15 [1]), defendant

contends that he was denied his right to present a complete defense

when Supreme Court refused to allow him to present the testimony of a

private investigator, who would testify that the investigator was

unable to enter the victim’s apartment through the window allegedly

used by defendant to enter the apartment. We reject that contention. 

While it is true that a defendant’s right to present witnesses to

establish a defense is a “fundamental element of due process of law”

(Washington v Texas, 388 US 14, 19), “a defendant’s right to present

evidence is not absolute, but is subject to rules of evidence and

procedure” (People v Brown, 107 AD3d 1145, 1148, lv denied 22 NY3d

1039). Here, the testimony of the private investigator was not

relevant to the issues at trial. Whether defendant’s investigator was

able to enter the apartment through the window at issue has no 

“ ‘tendency in reason to prove the existence of any material fact’ ”

(People v McCullough, 117 AD3d 1415, 1416, lv denied 23 NY3d 1040),

and the court therefore properly excluded that testimony. 

We also reject defendant’s contention that the court erred in

admitting a recording of a telephone call between defendant and the

victim wherein he threatened her three weeks before he raped her. 

Contrary to defendant’s contention, the court applied the proper legal
-2- 197 

KA 13-01468 

standard in determining that the People established a proper

foundation for the recording’s admission (see generally People v Ely,

68 NY2d 520, 527). 

Defendant further contends that he was denied a fair trial by

prosecutorial misconduct on summation. Defendant failed to preserve

his contention for our review to the extent that he alleges that the

prosecutor improperly vouched for the victim’s credibility and

denigrated the defense (see People v Simmons, 133 AD3d 1227, 1228),

and we decline to exercise our power to review those allegations as a

matter of discretion in the interest of justice (see CPL 470.15 [6]

[a]). With respect to defendant’s contention that the prosecutor

engaged in misconduct by mischaracterizing the evidence on summation,

we conclude that the prosecutor’s statement on summation was isolated,

and the court’s instructions during the jury charge ameliorated any

prejudice to defendant (see generally People v Currier, 83 AD3d 1421,

1422-1423, amended on rearg 85 AD3d 1657). 

Viewing the evidence in light of the elements of the crimes as

charged to the jury (see People v Danielson, 9 NY3d 342, 349), we

further conclude that the verdict is not against the weight of the

evidence (see generally People v Bleakley, 69 NY2d 490, 495). Even

assuming that a contrary verdict would not have been unreasonable, we

conclude that nothing about the victim’s testimony rendered it

manifestly unworthy of belief, and “[r]esolution of issues of

credibility, as well as the weight to be accorded to the evidence

presented, are primarily questions to be determined by the jury”

(People v Witherspoon, 66 AD3d 1456, 1457, lv denied 13 NY3d 942). 

We reject defendant’s challenge to the severity of the sentence. 

We have examined defendant’s remaining contention and conclude that it

does not warrant modification or reversal of the judgment.

Entered: March 24, 2017 Frances E. Cafarell

Clerk of the Court