FDIC QUARTERLY A

Quarterly

2020

Volume 14, Number 1

Federal Deposit 

Insurance Corporation

Quarterly Banking Profile:

Fourth Quarter 2019

2019 Summary of Deposits 

Highlights
FDIC QUARTERLY

The FDIC Quarterly is published by the Division of Insurance and Research of the 

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation and contains a comprehensive summary of the 

most current financial results for the banking industry. Feature articles appearing in the 

FDIC Quarterly range from timely analysis of economic and banking trends at the national 

and regional level that may affect the risk exposure of FDIC-insured institutions to research 

on issues affecting the banking system and the development of regulatory policy.

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Chairman

Jelena McWilliams

Director, Division of Insurance and Research

Diane Ellis

Executive Editor

George French

Managing Editors

Rosalind Bennett

Alan Deaton

Patrick Mitchell

Shayna M. Olesiuk

Philip A. Shively

Editors

Clayton Boyce

Kathy Zeidler

Publication Manager

Lynne Montgomery

Media Inquiries

(202) 898-6993
FDIC QUARTERLY i

2020 FDIC QUARTERLY

Volume 14 • Number 1

The views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect official positions of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. Some of the information used in the 

preparation of this publication was obtained from publicly available sources that are considered reliable. However, the use of this information does not constitute an endorsement of 

its accuracy by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. Articles may be reprinted or abstracted if the publication and author(s) are credited. Please provide the FDIC’s Division 

of Insurance and Research with a copy of any publications containing reprinted material.

Quarterly Banking Profile: Fourth Quarter 2019

FDIC-insured institutions reported aggregate net income of $55.2 billion during fourth 

quarter 2019, a decline of $4.1 billion (6.9 percent) from a year ago. The annual decline in 

quarterly net income was a result of lower net interest income and higher noninterest 

expenses. About half (45.6 percent) of all banks reported year-over-year declines in net 

income, and the percentage of unprofitable banks in the fourth quarter remained stable 

from a year ago at 7.2 percent. See page 1.

Community Bank Performance Community banks—which represent 92 percent of insured institutions—reported net 

income of $6.4 billion in fourth quarter 2019, up $270.3 million (4.4 percent) from fourth 

quarter 2018. Higher net operating revenue and greater realized gains on securities more 

than offset growth in noninterest expense. See page 15.

Insurance Fund Indicators The Deposit Insurance Fund (DIF) balance increased by $1.4 billion during the quarter 

to $110.3 billion on December 31, driven by assessment income and interest earned on 

investments. The DIF reserve ratio (the fund balance as a percent of estimated insured 

deposits) was 1.41 percent on December 31, 2019, unchanged from September 30, 2019, and 

up from 1.36 percent on December 31, 2018. See page 23.

Featured Article:

2019 Summary of Deposits Highlights

The 2019 Summary of Deposits Survey showed an increase in deposits and a decrease in 

the number of branch offices, continuing recent trends. The reduction in the number of 

bank offices occurred nationwide, but the number of counties with a banking office has 

remained relatively stable over the past five years. The rate of decline was faster among 

offices in metropolitan counties, limited-service offices, and offices with lower reported 

levels of deposits. This article examines characteristics of the offices of operating banks that 

close versus those that are sold or leased, and of offices that close versus those that remain 

open after bank acquisitions. The rate of deposit growth increased for both community 

and noncommunity banks, but the merger-adjusted or “organic” rate of deposit growth at 

community banks exceeded that of noncommunity banks for the third consecutive year. 

For selected topics, comparative information about credit unions is included. See page 31.

2020 FDIC QUARTERLY

QUARTERLY BANKING PROFILE Fourth Quarter 2019

FDIC QUARTERLY 1

INSURED INSTITUTION PERFORMANCE

Full-Year 2019 Net Income Totals $233.1 Billion

Quarterly Net Income Declines Almost 7 Percent From a Year Ago to $55.2 Billion

Declining Asset Yields Push Down the Net Interest Margin to 3.28 Percent

Annual Loan and Lease Growth Rate Slows to 3.6 Percent

Noncurrent Rate Remains Stable, While Net Charge-Off Rate Increases Modestly

Three New Banks Open in Fourth Quarter 2019

Full-Year 2019 Net Income 

Declines to $233.1 Billion

For the 5,177 FDIC-insured commercial banks and savings institutions, full-year 2019 net 

income totaled $233.1 billion, down $3.6 billion (1.5 percent) from 2018. The decline was 

primarily attributable to slower growth in net interest income (up $5.5 billion, or 1 percent) 

and higher loan-loss provisions (up $5 billion, or 9.9 percent). Average net interest margin 

(NIM) declined from 3.40 percent in 2018 to 3.36 percent in 2019, as average earning assets 

grew at a faster rate than net interest income. The average return on assets (ROA) fell from 

1.35 percent in 2018 to 1.29 percent in 2019.

Quarterly Net Income 

Declines Almost 7 Percent 

From a Year Ago to 

$55.2 Billion

Quarterly net income totaled $55.2 billion during fourth quarter 2019, down $4.1 billion 

(6.9 percent) from a year ago. The annual decline in quarterly net income was a result of 

lower net interest income and higher noninterest expenses. About half (45.6 percent) of all 

banks reported year-over-year declines in net income, and the percentage of unprofitable 

banks in the fourth quarter remained stable from a year ago at 7.2 percent.1 The average ROA 

was 1.20 percent in fourth quarter 2019, down 13 basis points from a year ago.

Net Interest Income 

Declines 2.4 Percent From 

Fourth Quarter 2018

Net interest income declined by $3.4 billion (2.4 percent) from 12 months ago, marking the 

first annual decline since third quarter 2013. NIM for the banking industry fell by 20 basis 

points from a year ago to 3.28 percent, as average asset yields declined more rapidly than 

average funding costs. The annual decline in NIM occurred for all five asset size groups 

featured in the Quarterly Banking Profile but was especially pronounced among banks with 

total assets between $10 billion and $250 billion. Banks responded to the low interest-rate 

environment by growing longer-term assets, but these assets generated lower yields and 

contributed to the NIM decline.2

Securities and Other Gains/Losses, Net

Net Operating Income

Annual Net Income

All FDIC-Insured Institutions

$ Billions

Source: FDIC.

-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Chart 1

Securities and Other Gains/Losses, Net

Net Operating Income

Quarterly Net Income

All FDIC-Insured Institutions

$ Billions

Source: FDIC.

0

10

-10

20

30

40

50

60

70

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

v

Chart 2

1 Industry participation counts consist of institutions existing in both reporting periods.

2 Longer-term assets are loans and debt securities with remaining maturities or repricing intervals of three years or greater. 
2 0 2 0  •  Volume 1 4 • Number 1

2 FDIC QUARTERLY

Noninterest Expense 

Increases 3.2 Percent From 

Fourth Quarter 2018

Noninterest expense was $121.5 billion in fourth quarter 2019, up $3.7 billion (3.2 percent) 

from fourth quarter 2018. About two out of every three banks (67.5 percent) reported annual 

increases in noninterest expense. Close to 80 percent of the aggregate increase was attributable to higher salary and employee benefits, which grew by $2.9 billion (5.4 percent). The 

average assets per employee increased from $8.7 million in fourth quarter 2018 to $9 million 

in fourth quarter 2019.

Noninterest Income 

Expands 2.5 Percent From 

12 Months Ago

Noninterest income totaled $66 billion during the fourth quarter, up $1.6 billion 

(2.5 percent) from 12 months ago. The increase was broad-based, as more than half 

(61.8 percent) of all banks reported higher annual noninterest income. The annual increase 

was driven by higher trading revenues (up $3.2 billion, or 76.4 percent) and net gains on loan 

sales (up $1.1 billion, or 41.6 percent).

Loan-Loss Provisions 

Increase Modestly From a 

Year Ago

In the fourth quarter, banks set aside $14.8 billion in loan-loss provisions, an increase 

of $779 million (5.5 percent) from a year ago. More than one-third (38.4 percent) of all 

banks reported year-over-year increases in loan-loss provisions. The increase was mostly 

concentrated at larger institutions. Loan-loss provisions as a share of net operating revenue 

increased to 7.3 percent during the fourth quarter, the highest level since year-end 2012.

Net Charge-Offs Rise by 

$1.3 Billion From a Year Ago

Net charge-offs totaled $13.9 billion during the fourth quarter, an increase of $1.3 billion 

(10.4 percent) from fourth quarter 2018. The largest contributor to the year-over-year 

increase in net charge-offs was the commercial and industrial (C&I) loan portfolio, which 

registered a charge-off increase of $591.2 million (34.3 percent), and the credit card portfolio, 

which registered a charge-off increase of $409.9 million (5 percent). The average net chargeoff rate increased by 4 basis points from fourth quarter 2018 to 0.54 percent. The C&I net 

charge-off rate was 0.42 percent during fourth quarter 2019, up from 0.32 percent a year ago 

but below the recent high of 0.50 percent reported in fourth quarter 2016. The credit card net 

charge-off rate increased by 4 basis points from fourth quarter 2018 to 3.75 percent.

Quarterly Noninterest Income 

Quarterly Net Interest Income 

Quarterly Net Operating Revenue 

All FDIC-Insured Institutions

$ Billions

Source: FDIC.

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

220

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Chart 3

Source: FDIC.

Percent

Noncurrent Loan Rate and Quarterly Net Charge-O
 Rate

All FDIC-Insured Institutions

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

Quarterly Net Charge-O Rate

Noncurrent Rate

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Chart 4
QUARTERLY BANKING PROFILE

FDIC QUARTERLY 3

Noncurrent Loan Rate 

Remains Stable at 

0.91 Percent

Noncurrent loan balances (90 days or more past due or in nonaccrual status) remained relatively stable (down $46.4 million, or 0.05 percent) from the previous quarter. About half of all 

banks (51.2 percent) reported declines in noncurrent loan balances. All major loan categories 

experienced declining levels of noncurrent loans from the previous quarter, except for credit 

card balances, which increased by $1.3 billion (10.3 percent). The credit card loan portfolio 

also registered the largest quarterly increase in the noncurrent rate, up 7 basis points to 

1.47 percent.

Loan-Loss Reserves Decline 

Modestly From Third 

Quarter 2019

Loan-loss reserves totaled $123.9 billion at the end of fourth quarter 2019, down $1.3 billion 

(1 percent) from the previous quarter. At banks that itemize their loan-loss reserves, 

those with total assets of $1 billion or more, residential real estate reserves declined by 

$831.4 million (8 percent) and commercial real estate reserves fell by $669.6 million 

(2 percent). Loan-loss reserves for credit card portfolios rose by $775.6 million (1.9 percent) 

from third quarter 2019.

Total Assets Increase From 

the Previous Quarter

Total assets increased by $163.4 billion (0.9 percent) from the previous quarter, primarily 

because of growth in loan and lease balances (up $117.9 billion). Banks increased their securities holdings by $45.5 billion (1.2 percent), as mortgage-backed securities rose by $24.4 billion 

(1 percent) and holdings of U.S. Treasury securities grew by $8.5 billion (1.4 percent). Cash 

and balances due from depository institutions rose by $40.6 billion (2.5 percent).

Loan Balances Expand From 

the Previous Quarter and a 

Year Ago

Total loan and lease balances rose by $117.9 billion (1.1 percent) from third quarter 2019. 

More than half (59.2 percent) of all banks grew their loan and lease balances from the third 

quarter. Almost all of the major loan categories registered quarterly increases, except for 

the C&I loan portfolio which registered the first quarterly decline since fourth quarter 

2016 (down $11 billion, or 0.5 percent). Quarterly growth among major loan categories was 

led by consumer loans (up $58.2 billion, or 3.3 percent), nonfarm nonresidential loans (up 

$21.6 billion, or 1.4 percent), and residential mortgage loans (up $19.1 billion, or 0.9 percent).3

Over the past year, total loan and lease balances rose by $366.3 billion (3.6 percent), slightly 

below the annual growth rate reported in third quarter 2019. The slowdown in annual 

growth of total loan and lease balances was led by the C&I loan portfolio, which expanded at 

its slowest rate since 2010 (1.9 percent).

Source: FDIC.

Note: Loan-loss reserves to noncurrent loans and leases.

$ Billions Coverage Ratio (Percent)

Reserve Coverage Ratio

All FDIC-Insured Institutions

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

 Loan-Loss Reserves ($) 

 Noncurrent Loans ($)

 Noncurrents Adjusted for GNMA Guaranteed Loans ($)

 Coverage Ratio (%) 

 Coverage Adjusted for GNMA Guaranteed Loans (%)

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Chart 5

Held-to-Maturity Securities

Available-for-Sale Securities

Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Investment Securities

All FDIC-Insured Institutions

$ Billions

Source: FDIC.

-100

-80

-60

-40

-20

 0

20

40

60

80

100

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Chart 6

3 Consumer loans include credit card balances. 
2 0 2 0  •  Volume 1 4 • Number 1

4 FDIC QUARTERLY

Deposits Rise 1.8 Percent 

From the Previous Quarter

Total deposit balances increased by $258.4 billion (1.8 percent) from the previous quarter, 

as interest-bearing accounts rose by $216.3 billion (2.2 percent) and noninterest-bearing 

accounts grew by $22.6 billion (0.7 percent). Deposits held in foreign offices increased by 

$19.5 billion (1.5 percent). Nondeposit liabilities, which include fed funds purchased, repurchase agreements, Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) advances, and secured and unsecured 

borrowings, fell by $69 billion (5 percent) from the previous quarter. The change in nondeposit liabilities was led by a decline in securities sold under agreements to repurchase (down 

$30 billion, or 13.3 percent), the largest quarterly dollar decline since fourth quarter 2013. 

FHLB advances were lower by $16.3 billion (3.3 percent).

Equity Capital Increases 

From Third Quarter 2019

Equity capital rose by $12.8 billion (0.6 percent) from third quarter 2019. Fourth quarter 

2019 declared dividends of $49.1 billion were below quarterly net income of $55.2 billion. 

Common equity tier 1 ratio increased by 5 basis points from a year ago to 13.21 percent. 

Fourteen insured institutions with $1.8 billion in total assets were below the requirements for 

the well-capitalized category as defined for Prompt Corrective Action purposes.

Three New Banks 

Are Added in Fourth 

Quarter 2019

The number of FDIC-insured commercial banks and savings institutions declined from 

5,258 to 5,177 during fourth quarter 2019. Three new banks were added, 77 institutions were 

absorbed by mergers, and three banks failed. For full-year 2019, 13 new banks were added, 

226 institutions were absorbed by mergers, and four banks failed. The number of institutions on the FDIC’s “Problem Bank List” fell from 55 at the end of third quarter to 51 at the 

end of fourth quarter, the lowest level since fourth quarter 2006. Aggregate total assets of 

problem banks declined from $48.8 billion in third quarter 2019 to $46.2 billion in fourth 

quarter 2019.

Author:

Benjamin Tikvina

Senior Financial Analyst

Division of Insurance and Research

Source: FDIC.

Number

Number and Assets of Banks on the “Problem Bank List” 

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1,000

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

Assets ($ Billions)

Number of Problem Banks

Assets of Problem Banks 

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Chart 8

-200

-100

0

100

200

300

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

Quarterly Change in Loan Balances

All FDIC-Insured Institutions

Source: FDIC.

Note: FASB Statements 166 and 167 resulted in the consolidation of large amounts of securitized 

loan balances back onto banks’ balance sheets in the rst quarter of 2010. Although the total amount 

consolidated cannot be precisely quantied, the industry would have reported a decline in loan 

balances for the quarter absent this change in accounting standards. 

$ Billions Percent

Quarterly Change (Le Axis)

12-Month Growth Rate (Right Axis)

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Chart 7
QUARTERLY BANKING PROFILE

FDIC QUARTERLY 5

TABLE I-A. Selected Indicators, All FDIC-Insured Institutions*

2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013

Return on assets (%) 1.29 1.35 0.97 1.04 1.04 1.01 1.07

Return on equity (%) 11.40 11.98 8.60 9.27 9.29 9.01 9.54

Core capital (leverage) ratio (%) 9.66 9.70 9.63 9.48 9.59 9.44 9.40

Noncurrent assets plus other real estate owned to assets (%) 0.55 0.60 0.73 0.86 0.97 1.20 1.63

Net charge-offs to loans (%) 0.52 0.48 0.50 0.47 0.44 0.49 0.69

Asset growth rate (%) 3.91 3.03 3.79 5.09 2.66 5.59 1.94

Net interest margin (%) 3.36 3.40 3.25 3.13 3.08 3.14 3.26

Net operating income growth (%) -2.98 45.45 -3.27 4.43 7.11 -0.73 12.82

Number of institutions reporting 5,177 5,406 5,670 5,913 6,182 6,509 6,812

Commercial banks 4,518 4,715 4,918 5,112 5,338 5,607 5,847

Savings institutions 659 691 752 801 844 902 965

Percentage of unprofitable institutions (%) 3.59 3.44 5.61 4.48 4.82 6.27 8.16

Number of problem institutions 51 60 95 123 183 291 467

Assets of problem institutions (in billions) $46 $48 $14 $28 $47 $87 $153

Number of failed institutions 4 0 8 5 8 18 24

* Excludes insured branches of foreign banks (IBAs).

TABLE II-A. Aggregate Condition and Income Data, All FDIC-Insured Institutions

(dollar figures in millions)  4th Quarter

2019

3nd Quarter

2019

4th Quarter

2018

%Change 

18Q4-19Q4

Number of institutions reporting 5,177 5,258 5,406 -4.2

Total employees (full-time equivalent) 2,063,257 2,065,842 2,067,089 -0.2

CONDITION DATA

Total assets $18,645,348 $18,481,901 $17,942,994 3.9

Loans secured by real estate 5,045,856 5,003,283 4,887,045 3.2

 1-4 Family residential mortgages 2,201,749 2,182,690 2,119,376 3.9

 Nonfarm nonresidential 1,513,612 1,492,037 1,444,458 4.8

 Construction and development 361,404 359,950 350,298 3.2

 Home equity lines 342,032 349,843 375,640 -8.9

Commercial & industrial loans 2,205,006 2,215,961 2,164,564 1.9

Loans to individuals 1,837,510 1,779,329 1,742,813 5.4

 Credit cards 941,557 892,881 903,492 4.2

Farm loans 78,735 80,291 82,339 -4.4

Other loans & leases 1,353,432 1,323,708 1,277,564 5.9

Less: Unearned income 2,337 2,275 2,383 -1.9

Total loans & leases 10,518,202 10,400,297 10,151,942 3.6

Less: Reserve for losses 123,889 125,171 124,744 -0.7

Net loans and leases 10,394,313 10,275,126 10,027,198 3.7

Securities 3,981,634 3,936,158 3,723,069 6.9

Other real estate owned 5,710 6,190 6,687 -14.6

Goodwill and other intangibles 408,786 394,040 398,759 2.5

All other assets 3,854,905 3,870,387 3,787,281 1.8

Total liabilities and capital 18,645,348 18,481,901 17,942,994 3.9

Deposits 14,535,283 14,276,885 13,866,200 4.8

 Domestic office deposits 13,219,968 12,981,035 12,612,875 4.8

 Foreign office deposits 1,315,315 1,295,850 1,253,325 4.9

Other borrowed funds 1,373,967 1,460,250 1,476,088 -6.9

Subordinated debt 69,952 69,335 68,677 1.9

All other liabilities 552,159 574,042 509,426 8.4

Total equity capital (includes minority interests) 2,113,987 2,101,389 2,022,604 4.5

 Bank equity capital 2,111,105 2,098,271 2,019,132 4.6

Loans and leases 30-89 days past due 67,991 63,972 65,400 4.0

Noncurrent loans and leases 95,498 95,544 100,283 -4.8

Restructured loans and leases 48,263 51,023 55,746 -13.4

Mortgage-backed securities 2,393,831 2,369,451 2,187,127 9.5

Earning assets 16,870,961 16,686,790 16,255,691 3.8

FHLB Advances 482,459 498,766 571,406 -15.6

Unused loan commitments 8,225,549 8,133,370 7,819,727 5.2

Trust assets 21,562,508 20,762,219 19,297,485 11.7

Assets securitized and sold 568,015 539,466 604,698 -6.1

Notional amount of derivatives 173,052,408 203,562,336 178,089,382 -2.8

INCOME DATA

Full Year 

2019

Full Year

 2018 %Change

4th Quarter 

2019

4th Quarter 

2018

%Change 

18Q4-19Q4

Total interest income $705,480 $661,060 6.7 $173,629 $176,912 -1.9

Total interest expense 158,740 119,799 32.5 36,877 36,733 0.4

Net interest income 546,740 541,261 1.0 136,752 140,178 -2.4

Provision for loan and lease losses 55,012 50,033 10.0 14,841 14,062 5.5

Total noninterest income 264,425 266,084 -0.6 66,036 64,401 2.5

Total noninterest expense 465,938 459,315 1.4 121,490 117,772 3.2

Securities gains (losses) 3,973 328 1,111.3 2,894 -230 N/M

Applicable income taxes 60,976 61,003 0.0 14,054 13,062 7.6

Extraordinary gains, net* 165 -267 N/M -2 -40 N/M

Total net income (includes minority interests) 233,376 237,054 -1.6 55,296 59,413 -6.9

 Bank net income 233,140 236,766 -1.5 55,245 59,344 -6.9

Net charge-offs 52,116 47,504 9.7 13,929 12,617 10.4

Cash dividends 182,331 164,769 10.7 49,146 52,792 -6.9

Retained earnings 50,809 71,997 -29.4 6,098 6,553 -6.9

Net operating income 230,005 237,076 -3.0 52,980 59,656 -11.2

* See Notes to Users for explanation. N/M - Not Meaningful
2 0 2 0  •  Volume 1 4 • Number 1

6 FDIC QUARTERLY

TABLE III-A. Full Year 2019, All FDIC-Insured Institutions

Asset Concentration Groups*

FULL YEAR

(The way it is...)

All Insured 

Institutions

Credit 

Card 

Banks

International 

Banks

Agricultural 

Banks

Commercial 

Lenders

Mortgage 

Lenders

Consumer 

Lenders

Other 

Specialized 

<$1 Billion

All Other 

<$1 Billion

All Other 

>$1 Billion

Number of institutions reporting 5,177 12 6 1,291 2,732 393 58 210 428 47

Commercial banks 4,518 11 6 1,278 2,459 114 38 193 377 42

Savings institutions 659 1 0 13 273 279 20 17 51 5

Total assets (in billions) $18,645.3 $530.8 $4,494.0 $283.6 $6,723.0 $392.7 $230.6 $38.3 $76.3 $5,876.2

Commercial banks 17,491.5 439.5 4,494.0 278.2 6,312.8 116.0 121.3 34.9 64.8 5,630.1

Savings institutions 1,153.9 91.3 0.0 5.4 410.2 276.7 109.3 3.4 11.5 246.1

Total deposits (in billions) 14,535.3 358.6 3,305.0 236.3 5,291.6 306.3 191.8 29.9 64.2 4,751.8

Commercial banks 13,614.2 290.0 3,305.0 233.1 4,984.2 90.5 99.4 27.7 55.1 4,529.3

Savings institutions 921.0 68.6 0.0 3.2 307.4 215.8 92.4 2.2 9.1 222.4

Bank net income (in millions) 233,140 17,099 55,353 3,681 74,526 4,618 2,761 1,304 876 72,925

Commercial banks 217,833 13,871 55,353 3,528 70,775 1,918 1,953 588 765 69,084

Savings institutions 15,307 3,228 0 153 3,751 2,700 808 716 110 3,841

Performance Ratios (%)

Yield on earning assets 4.33 12.96 3.77 4.78 4.43 3.77 5.19 3.48 4.34 3.80

Cost of funding earning assets 0.97 2.26 0.98 0.96 0.97 0.94 1.00 0.60 0.68 0.85

Net interest margin 3.36 10.70 2.78 3.82 3.46 2.84 4.19 2.88 3.66 2.95

Noninterest income to assets 1.47 4.49 1.82 0.66 1.06 1.40 1.31 7.02 1.02 1.38

Noninterest expense to assets 2.58 7.11 2.45 2.58 2.56 2.54 3.11 5.41 3.06 2.27

Loan and lease loss provision to assets 0.31 3.40 0.28 0.17 0.17 0.02 0.62 0.05 0.09 0.21

Net operating income to assets 1.28 3.26 1.21 1.31 1.17 1.20 1.20 3.43 1.13 1.26

Pretax return on assets 1.63 4.21 1.57 1.51 1.49 1.56 1.68 4.36 1.32 1.60

Return on assets 1.29 3.27 1.23 1.34 1.18 1.21 1.26 3.56 1.17 1.27

Return on equity 11.40 26.21 11.95 11.40 9.74 11.02 11.78 19.52 9.28 11.44

Net charge-offs to loans and leases 0.52 4.15 0.72 0.17 0.20 0.03 0.82 0.17 0.13 0.39

Loan and lease loss provision to 

net charge-offs 105.56 100.35 101.67 140.51 121.39 98.91 109.50 108.05 124.75 103.85

Efficiency ratio 56.63 47.85 57.02 60.61 59.44 61.59 57.10 55.86 68.86 55.31

% of unprofitable institutions 3.59 0.00 0.00 2.25 3.33 7.63 3.45 10.48 2.80 0.00

% of institutions with earnings gains 64.34 58.33 50.00 62.04 68.34 52.16 68.97 55.71 61.92 55.32

Condition Ratios (%)

Earning assets to total assets 90.48 95.86 87.86 93.17 90.68 95.05 96.99 92.99 93.14 91.04

Loss allowance to:

Loans and leases 1.18 4.46 1.42 1.40 0.92 0.60 1.07 1.51 1.24 1.00

Noncurrent loans and leases 129.73 267.58 178.94 135.53 117.54 30.74 154.59 106.18 142.98 101.42

Noncurrent assets plus

other real estate owned to assets 0.55 1.39 0.33 0.80 0.61 1.18 0.48 0.46 0.63 0.52

Equity capital ratio 11.32 12.81 10.21 11.85 12.27 10.95 10.46 18.48 12.80 10.93

Core capital (leverage) ratio 9.66 12.51 8.69 11.29 10.34 10.63 10.61 17.92 12.48 9.11

Common equity tier 1 capital ratio 13.21 14.43 13.78 14.96 12.24 21.43 17.56 40.87 21.04 13.15

Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio 13.29 14.57 13.86 14.97 12.32 21.44 17.82 40.88 21.07 13.21

Total risk-based capital ratio 14.63 16.47 15.45 16.08 13.52 22.14 18.83 41.68 22.13 14.56

Net loans and leases to deposits 71.51 117.49 51.36 80.05 88.63 73.89 80.56 33.10 67.94 62.34

Net loans to total assets 55.75 79.37 37.77 66.71 69.76 57.63 67.00 25.82 57.16 50.41

Domestic deposits to total assets 70.90 66.56 49.19 83.33 78.36 77.72 83.16 78.00 84.13 77.60

Structural Changes

New reporters 13 0 0 0 1 0 0 11 1 0

Institutions absorbed by mergers 226 0 1 45 165 2 1 2 7 3

Failed institutions 4 0 0 1 3 0 0 0 0 0

PRIOR FULL YEARS

(The way it was...)

Number of institutions 2018 5,406 12 5 1,346 2,866 401 69 227 431 49

 2016 5,913 13 5 1,429 3,025 462 65 300 549 65

 2014 6,509 15 3 1,515 3,222 553 52 374 708 67

Total assets (in billions) 2018 $17,943.0 $651.7 $4,285.9 $286.8 $6,373.8 $346.0 $218.3 $36.7 $75.9 $5,667.9

 2016 16,779.7 519.0 4,052.7 284.9 5,628.2 331.5 256.0 51.1 97.5 5,558.8

 2014 15,553.7 484.2 3,735.6 273.5 4,878.5 439.6 175.9 61.9 129.1 5,375.5

Return on assets (%) 2018 1.35 2.96 1.17 1.32 1.26 1.13 1.42 2.94 1.12 1.40

 2016 1.04 2.27 0.93 1.21 0.97 0.98 0.96 2.85 0.92 1.06

 2014 1.01 3.22 0.72 1.17 0.94 0.96 1.05 2.20 0.86 1.06

Net charge-offs to loans & leases (%) 2018 0.48 3.87 0.50 0.15 0.18 0.02 0.76 1.41 0.17 0.37

 2016 0.47 3.34 0.55 0.15 0.22 0.07 0.56 0.22 0.17 0.41

 2014 0.49 2.81 0.73 0.13 0.24 0.21 0.62 0.34 0.25 0.41

Noncurrent assets plus 

OREO to assets (%) 2018 0.60 1.26 0.39 0.83 0.63 1.28 0.49 0.43 0.73 0.62

 2016 0.86 1.14 0.61 0.77 0.87 1.97 0.70 0.63 0.94 0.96

 2014 1.20 0.88 0.85 0.83 1.17 2.19 1.19 0.73 1.39 1.43

Equity capital ratio (%) 2018 11.25 15.29 9.88 11.34 11.94 11.08 10.51 16.74 12.31 11.04

 2016 11.10 14.84 9.97 11.30 11.81 11.26 10.04 15.23 11.41 10.85

 2014 11.15 15.13 9.45 11.42 11.97 12.07 9.88 14.78 11.81 11.11

* See Table V-A (page 10) for explanations.
QUARTERLY BANKING PROFILE

FDIC QUARTERLY 7

TABLE III-A. Full Year 2019, All FDIC-Insured Institutions 

Asset Size Distribution Geographic Regions*

FULL YEAR

(The way it is...)

All Insured 

Institutions

Less Than 

$100 

Million

$100 

Million to 

$1 Billion

$1 Billion 

to $10 

Billion

$10 Billion 

to $250 

Billion

Greater 

Than $250 

Billion

New 

York Atlanta Chicago

Kansas 

City Dallas

San 

Francisco

Number of institutions reporting 5,177 1,155 3,226 656 130 10 625 587 1,118 1,330 1,138 379

Commercial banks 4,518 1,022 2,832 539 115 10 328 534 959 1,286 1,068 343

Savings institutions 659 133 394 117 15 0 297 53 159 44 70 36

Total assets (in billions) $18,645.3 $68.5 $1,088.0 $1,754.0 $6,071.6 $9,663.4 $3,407.8 $3,847.5 $4,235.2 $3,796.7 $1,204.6 $2,153.7

Commercial banks 17,491.5 60.7 937.5 1,437.3 5,392.6 9,663.4 3,034.4 3,745.8 4,129.3 3,750.4 1,049.7 1,781.8

Savings institutions 1,153.9 7.7 150.5 316.6 679.0 0.0 373.4 101.7 105.9 46.2 154.8 371.9

Total deposits (in billions) 14,535.3 56.6 907.4 1,415.8 4,732.6 7,422.9 2,662.0 3,048.9 3,149.2 2,978.7 974.1 1,722.5

Commercial banks 13,614.2 50.9 788.0 1,171.0 4,181.4 7,422.9 2,379.1 2,970.5 3,073.5 2,942.7 851.5 1,397.1

Savings institutions 921.0 5.7 119.4 244.8 551.2 0.0 282.9 78.4 75.7 36.0 122.6 325.4

Bank net income (in millions) 233,140 685 13,673 21,863 79,303 117,616 36,085 46,006 56,272 44,752 15,441 34,585

Commercial banks 217,833 594 11,718 18,751 69,155 117,616 32,878 45,187 54,582 44,264 14,030 26,892

Savings institutions 15,307 91 1,955 3,113 10,148 0 3,207 819 1,690 487 1,410 7,693

Performance Ratios (%)

Yield on earning assets 4.33 4.59 4.72 4.71 4.82 3.89 4.28 4.35 3.87 4.31 4.72 5.09

Cost of funding earning assets 0.97 0.75 0.91 0.98 1.11 0.89 1.16 0.86 0.87 1.02 0.86 1.05

Net interest margin 3.36 3.83 3.81 3.72 3.71 3.00 3.12 3.49 2.99 3.29 3.86 4.03

Noninterest income to assets 1.47 1.42 1.27 1.15 1.44 1.56 1.30 1.35 1.84 1.25 1.28 1.66

Noninterest expense to assets 2.58 3.69 3.21 2.81 2.65 2.42 2.45 2.51 2.62 2.48 3.02 2.79

Loan and lease loss provision to assets 0.31 0.16 0.15 0.18 0.45 0.25 0.30 0.34 0.22 0.30 0.19 0.51

Net operating income to assets 1.28 0.98 1.26 1.27 1.34 1.24 1.08 1.28 1.33 1.17 1.32 1.64

Pretax return on assets 1.63 1.17 1.51 1.63 1.75 1.58 1.38 1.63 1.68 1.49 1.62 2.18

Return on assets 1.29 1.02 1.30 1.30 1.35 1.26 1.10 1.29 1.34 1.20 1.34 1.66

Return on equity 11.40 7.15 10.93 10.89 11.35 11.63 9.16 10.58 12.23 11.67 11.10 14.81

Net charge-offs to loans and leases 0.52 0.21 0.14 0.21 0.70 0.51 0.48 0.58 0.42 0.53 0.24 0.78

Loan and lease loss provision to 

net charge-offs 105.56 129.25 152.10 124.97 104.88 102.08 110.86 102.49 103.29 104.85 118.53 104.90

Efficiency ratio 56.63 74.10 66.34 60.62 53.28 56.86 58.98 55.19 57.73 58.15 61.96 49.35

% of unprofitable institutions 3.59 9.09 2.36 0.61 0.77 0.00 4.48 5.11 3.94 2.56 2.64 5.28

% of institutions with earnings gains 64.34 55.24 66.06 71.34 68.46 50.00 60.32 65.08 66.64 61.65 65.55 68.87

Condition Ratios (%)

Earning assets to total assets 90.48 92.57 93.32 92.55 91.55 89.10 90.45 89.50 89.19 90.62 91.49 94.04

Loss allowance to:

Loans and leases 1.18 1.40 1.23 1.06 1.23 1.15 1.13 1.08 1.19 1.25 1.00 1.39

Noncurrent loans and leases 129.73 110.51 151.44 151.83 127.12 124.72 132.57 116.77 140.90 114.33 88.47 212.45

Noncurrent assets plus

other real estate owned to assets 0.55 0.94 0.70 0.57 0.63 0.48 0.51 0.57 0.49 0.61 0.84 0.42

Equity capital ratio 11.32 14.29 12.01 12.04 11.86 10.76 11.84 12.23 10.89 10.24 12.17 11.15

Core capital (leverage) ratio 9.66 13.94 11.63 10.98 10.12 8.87 10.02 9.92 9.18 9.08 10.42 10.22

Common equity tier 1 capital ratio 13.21 22.47 16.08 14.17 13.07 12.71 13.50 12.81 13.11 12.81 13.32 14.35

Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio 13.29 22.48 16.10 14.19 13.24 12.74 13.54 12.91 13.15 12.89 13.43 14.47

Total risk-based capital ratio 14.63 23.54 17.16 15.12 14.51 14.25 14.86 14.06 14.46 14.74 14.45 15.55

Net loans and leases to deposits 71.51 70.84 81.31 87.31 78.12 63.09 71.34 72.20 68.35 67.86 81.35 77.09

Net loans to total assets 55.75 58.55 67.81 70.47 60.89 48.47 55.73 57.22 50.82 53.24 65.78 61.65

Domestic deposits to total assets 70.9 82.65 83.4 80.46 75.16 65 72.19 76.64 65 62.67 80.82 79.18

Structural Changes

New reporters 13 12 1 0 0 0 4 4 2 0 2 1

Institutions absorbed by mergers 226 59 130 29 8 0 34 32 46 51 47 16

Failed institutions 4 3 1 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 1 0

PRIOR FULL YEARS

(The way it was...)

Number of institutions 2018 5,406 1,278 3,353 638 128 9 659 626 1,163 1,379 1,182 397

 2016 5,913 1,541 3,637 621 105 9 724 720 1,271 1,485 1,268 445

 2014 6,509 1,871 3,957 574 98 9 807 812 1,406 1,599 1,372 513

Total assets (in billions) 2018 $17,943.0 $75.9 $1,108.6 $1,734.8 $6,202.3 $8,821.4 $3,362.0 $3,677.0 $4,042.6 $3,670.8 $1,133.1 $2,057.6

 2016 16,779.7 91.5 1,173.9 1,761.8 5,305.7 8,446.9 3,096.4 3,507.3 3,784.3 3,633.9 1,010.7 1,747.0

 2014 15,553.7 109.7 1,232.1 1,576.4 4,534.2 8,101.3 2,956.4 3,217.9 3,595.8 3,404.0 904.4 1,475.2

Return on assets (%) 2018 1.35 1.01 1.23 1.33 1.46 1.29 1.22 1.44 1.26 1.25 1.40 1.74

 2016 1.04 0.89 1.08 1.01 1.07 1.03 0.87 1.02 1.00 1.09 1.02 1.40

 2014 1.01 0.79 1.00 1.09 1.09 0.95 0.83 1.00 0.88 1.07 1.14 1.49

Net charge-offs to loans & leases (%) 2018 0.48 0.18 0.16 0.20 0.70 0.43 0.59 0.55 0.23 0.50 0.24 0.73

 2016 0.47 0.21 0.14 0.25 0.64 0.47 0.52 0.54 0.27 0.53 0.31 0.58

 2014 0.49 0.23 0.23 0.27 0.60 0.54 0.55 0.54 0.36 0.60 0.23 0.47

Noncurrent assets plus 

OREO to assets (%) 2018 0.60 0.97 0.73 0.64 0.62 0.57 0.58 0.65 0.54 0.68 0.76 0.44

 2016 0.86 1.10 0.96 0.84 0.78 0.90 0.70 1.03 0.79 1.00 1.06 0.53

 2014 1.20 1.45 1.38 1.41 0.83 1.32 0.89 1.55 1.11 1.46 1.18 0.65

Equity capital ratio (%) 2018 11.25 13.57 11.50 11.91 12.08 10.49 12.53 12.07 10.35 10.23 11.81 11.02

 2016 11.10 12.70 11.14 11.55 11.87 10.50 12.11 12.05 10.32 9.87 10.92 11.79

 2014 11.15 12.28 11.20 11.90 12.39 10.28 11.81 12.45 9.80 10.20 11.06 12.47

* See Table V-A (page 11) for explanations.
2 0 2 0  •  Volume 1 4 • Number 1

8 FDIC QUARTERLY

TABLE IV-A. Fourth Quarter 2019, All FDIC-Insured Institutions

Asset Concentration Groups*

FOURTH QUARTER

(The way it is...)

All Insured 

Institutions

Credit 

Card 

Banks

International 

Banks

Agricultural 

Banks

Commercial 

Lenders

Mortgage 

Lenders

Consumer 

Lenders

Other 

Specialized 

<$1 Billion

All Other 

<$1 Billion

All Other 

>$1 Billion

Number of institutions reporting 5,177 12 6 1,291 2,732 393 58 210 428 47

Commercial banks 4,518 11 6 1,278 2,459 114 38 193 377 42

Savings institutions 659 1 0 13 273 279 20 17 51 5

Total assets (in billions) $18,645.3 $530.8 $4,494.0 $283.6 $6,723.0 $392.7 $230.6 $38.3 $76.3 $5,876.2

Commercial banks 17,491.5 439.5 4,494.0 278.2 6,312.8 116.0 121.3 34.9 64.8 5,630.1

Savings institutions 1,153.9 91.3 0.0 5.4 410.2 276.7 109.3 3.4 11.5 246.1

Total deposits (in billions) 14,535.3 358.6 3,305.0 236.3 5,291.6 306.3 191.8 29.9 64.2 4,751.8

Commercial banks 13,614.2 290.0 3,305.0 233.1 4,984.2 90.5 99.4 27.7 55.1 4,529.3

Savings institutions 921.0 68.6 0.0 3.2 307.4 215.8 92.4 2.2 9.1 222.4

Bank net income (in millions) 55,245 4,177 13,492 895 18,526 1,190 420 423 204 15,919

Commercial banks 51,705 3,496 13,492 846 17,593 447 482 208 178 14,964

Savings institutions 3,540 681 0 49 933 744 -63 216 25 955

Performance Ratios (annualized, %)

Yield on earning assets 4.17 12.89 3.61 4.76 4.29 3.65 5.03 3.34 4.30 3.60

Cost of funding earning assets 0.89 2.11 0.85 0.96 0.91 0.90 0.98 0.59 0.69 0.77

Net interest margin 3.28 10.78 2.76 3.80 3.38 2.75 4.05 2.75 3.62 2.83

Noninterest income to assets 1.43 4.70 1.81 0.70 1.09 1.48 1.20 7.84 1.05 1.23

Noninterest expense to assets 2.64 7.24 2.46 2.67 2.58 2.59 3.43 5.00 3.17 2.37

Loan and lease loss provision to assets 0.32 3.74 0.29 0.17 0.18 0.02 0.65 0.02 0.12 0.22

Net operating income to assets 1.15 3.17 1.16 1.25 1.13 1.18 0.73 4.32 1.02 0.98

Pretax return on assets 1.50 4.04 1.52 1.43 1.40 1.54 1.03 5.55 1.20 1.37

Return on assets 1.20 3.17 1.20 1.27 1.13 1.22 0.74 4.49 1.07 1.09

Return on equity 10.58 24.87 11.76 10.70 9.24 11.12 6.91 24.22 8.35 9.91

Net charge-offs to loans and leases 0.54 4.07 0.75 0.23 0.23 0.05 0.87 0.34 0.17 0.42

Loan and lease loss provision to 

net charge-offs 106.55 111.03 102.44 107.79 110.53 65.49 108.07 17.20 114.36 101.40

Efficiency ratio 59.15 47.75 57.73 62.44 60.64 62.84 66.36 48.02 71.63 61.80

% of unprofitable institutions 7.24 0.00 0.00 6.89 5.67 13.23 8.62 16.19 9.11 2.13

% of institutions with earnings gains 54.45 58.33 66.67 51.82 57.91 45.29 60.34 45.24 52.57 51.06

Structural Changes

New reporters 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0

Institutions absorbed by mergers 77 0 0 14 56 1 0 1 3 2

Failed institutions 3 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0

PRIOR FOURTH QUARTERS

(The way it was...)

Return on assets (%) 2018 1.33 3.36 1.03 1.22 1.26 1.12 1.32 3.96 1.11 1.42

 2016 1.03 2.20 1.03 1.08 0.91 1.00 0.80 3.22 0.83 1.03

 2014 0.95 3.08 0.46 1.09 0.98 0.91 0.93 2.48 0.79 1.05

Net charge-offs to loans & leases (%) 2018 0.50 3.85 0.49 0.21 0.21 0.06 0.80 0.25 0.22 0.39

 2016 0.52 3.76 0.61 0.25 0.27 0.06 0.60 0.33 0.23 0.42

 2014 0.48 2.74 0.73 0.20 0.25 0.12 0.64 0.50 0.32 0.38

* See Table V-A (page 10) for explanations.
QUARTERLY BANKING PROFILE

FDIC QUARTERLY 9

TABLE IV-A. Fourth Quarter 2019, All FDIC-Insured Institutions 

Asset Size Distribution Geographic Regions*

FOURTH QUARTER

(The way it is...)

All Insured 

Institutions

Less Than 

$100 

Million

$100 

Million to 

$1 Billion

$1 Billion 

to $10 

Billion

$10 Billion 

to $250 

Billion

Greater 

Than $250 

Billion

New 

York Atlanta Chicago

Kansas 

City Dallas

San 

Francisco

Number of institutions reporting 5,177 1,155 3,226 656 130 10 625 587 1,118 1,330 1,138 379

Commercial banks 4,518 1,022 2,832 539 115 10 328 534 959 1,286 1,068 343

Savings institutions 659 133 394 117 15 0 297 53 159 44 70 36

Total assets (in billions) $18,645.3 $68.5 $1,088.0 $1,754.0 $6,071.6 $9,663.4 $3,407.8 $3,847.5 $4,235.2 $3,796.7 $1,204.6 $2,153.7

Commercial banks 17,491.5 60.7 937.5 1,437.3 5,392.6 9,663.4 3,034.4 3,745.8 4,129.3 3,750.4 1,049.7 1,781.8

Savings institutions 1,153.9 7.7 150.5 316.6 679.0 0.0 373.4 101.7 105.9 46.2 154.8 371.9

Total deposits (in billions) 14,535.3 56.6 907.4 1,415.8 4,732.6 7,422.9 2,662.0 3,048.9 3,149.2 2,978.7 974.1 1,722.5

Commercial banks 13,614.2 50.9 788.0 1,171.0 4,181.4 7,422.9 2,379.1 2,970.5 3,073.5 2,942.7 851.5 1,397.1

Savings institutions 921.0 5.7 119.4 244.8 551.2 0.0 282.9 78.4 75.7 36.0 122.6 325.4

Bank net income (in millions) 55,245 149 3,377 5,550 19,711 26,458 8,782 10,640 13,594 9,645 3,533 9,050

Commercial banks 51,705 129 2,863 4,715 17,540 26,458 7,967 10,421 13,130 9,545 3,402 7,239

Savings institutions 3,540 20 514 835 2,171 0 815 219 464 100 131 1,811

Performance Ratios (annualized, %)

Yield on earning assets 4.17 4.60 4.68 4.61 4.65 3.71 4.10 4.16 3.73 4.14 4.59 4.93

Cost of funding earning assets 0.89 0.78 0.91 0.94 1.02 0.79 1.05 0.78 0.78 0.93 0.82 0.97

Net interest margin 3.28 3.81 3.77 3.67 3.64 2.92 3.04 3.39 2.95 3.22 3.77 3.96

Noninterest income to assets 1.43 1.47 1.36 1.20 1.50 1.44 1.32 1.13 1.88 1.20 1.27 1.75

Noninterest expense to assets 2.64 3.91 3.29 2.84 2.68 2.49 2.50 2.57 2.66 2.60 3.11 2.74

Loan and lease loss provision to assets 0.32 0.15 0.18 0.19 0.48 0.27 0.32 0.35 0.23 0.30 0.19 0.55

Net operating income to assets 1.15 0.80 1.22 1.26 1.30 1.03 1.03 0.97 1.27 0.98 1.18 1.69

Pretax return on assets 1.50 1.01 1.44 1.59 1.67 1.40 1.27 1.46 1.63 1.26 1.42 2.19

Return on assets 1.20 0.87 1.25 1.28 1.31 1.11 1.04 1.15 1.28 1.02 1.19 1.70

Return on equity 10.58 6.06 10.40 10.63 10.98 10.36 8.74 9.40 11.79 9.93 9.76 15.11

Net charge-offs to loans and leases 0.54 0.25 0.23 0.22 0.70 0.54 0.50 0.60 0.45 0.56 0.27 0.77

Loan and lease loss provision to 

net charge-offs 106.55 104.33 115.16 118.15 109.99 101.13 112.50 103.18 102.18 102.27 106.60 113.96

Efficiency ratio 59.15 77.90 67.18 61.32 54.33 61.07 60.64 59.91 58.65 62.59 65.16 49.69

% of unprofitable institutions 7.24 17.32 5.11 1.07 2.31 0.00 7.36 10.73 6.98 6.32 6.77 7.12

% of institutions with earnings gains 54.45 48.14 54.87 64.48 51.54 30.00 51.20 55.88 55.10 56.02 54.22 50.92

Structural Changes

New reporters 3 3 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0

Institutions absorbed by mergers 77 23 45 7 2 0 10 12 15 13 21 6

Failed institutions 3 2 1 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 0

PRIOR FOURTH QUARTERS

(The way it was...)

Return on assets (%) 2018 1.33 0.87 1.24 1.32 1.49 1.24 1.25 1.45 1.19 1.19 1.34 1.81

 2016 1.03 0.69 1.04 0.86 1.05 1.05 0.87 0.99 1.07 1.08 0.79 1.33

 2014 0.95 0.67 1.00 1.08 1.11 0.82 0.79 1.01 0.84 0.86 1.11 1.46

Net charge-offs to loans & leases (%) 2018 0.50 0.25 0.19 0.21 0.73 0.44 0.58 0.58 0.24 0.51 0.30 0.78

 2016 0.52 0.36 0.23 0.35 0.71 0.49 0.61 0.58 0.30 0.59 0.33 0.67

 2014 0.48 0.29 0.32 0.25 0.58 0.52 0.51 0.50 0.38 0.61 0.28 0.44

* See Table V-A (page 11) for explanations.
2 0 2 0  •  Volume 1 4 • Number 1

10 FDIC QUARTERLY

TABLE V-A. Loan Performance, All FDIC-Insured Institutions

Asset Concentration Groups*

December 31, 2019 All Insured 

Institutions

Credit 

Card 

Banks

International 

Banks

Agricultural 

Banks

Commercial 

Lenders

Mortgage 

Lenders

Consumer 

Lenders

Other 

Specialized 

<$1 Billion

All Other 

<$1 Billion

All Other 

>$1 Billion

Percent of Loans 30-89 Days Past Due

All loans secured by real estate 0.57 0.69 0.60 0.72 0.45 0.86 0.46 1.17 1.15 0.77

Construction and development 0.38 5.23 0.10 0.61 0.36 0.90 0.42 1.30 0.75 0.44

Nonfarm nonresidential 0.24 0.00 0.43 0.61 0.22 0.31 0.55 0.50 0.84 0.24

Multifamily residential real estate 0.14 6.00 0.15 0.55 0.11 0.20 0.30 0.11 0.25 0.23

Home equity loans 0.61 0.00 0.95 0.42 0.54 0.41 0.44 0.44 0.69 0.63

Other 1-4 family residential 0.92 0.30 0.80 1.20 0.84 0.98 0.45 1.82 1.43 1.05

Commercial and industrial loans 0.32 0.81 0.38 0.85 0.32 0.62 0.26 0.80 1.34 0.24

Loans to individuals 1.53 1.68 1.02 1.27 1.61 1.18 0.94 1.78 1.67 1.88

Credit card loans 1.38 1.71 1.05 1.46 1.45 0.90 0.78 2.77 1.18 1.32

Other loans to individuals 1.68 1.19 0.91 1.25 1.62 1.21 0.98 1.70 1.68 2.24

All other loans and leases (including farm) 0.29 1.82 0.35 0.77 0.29 0.41 0.09 0.59 0.57 0.20

Total loans and leases 0.65 1.60 0.60 0.76 0.50 0.83 0.79 1.17 1.18 0.73

Percent of Loans Noncurrent**

All real estate loans 1.12 0.98 1.22 1.00 0.80 2.16 1.43 1.52 0.93 1.69

Construction and development 0.44 0.52 0.63 0.47 0.43 0.46 1.41 0.98 0.75 0.36

Nonfarm nonresidential 0.51 39.32 0.27 0.85 0.49 0.42 1.26 1.41 1.00 0.61

Multifamily residential real estate 0.11 0.00 0.04 0.47 0.12 0.59 0.06 1.00 0.58 0.06

Home equity loans 1.71 0.00 3.79 0.35 1.07 0.95 1.94 0.26 0.43 2.21

Other 1-4 family residential 1.77 0.54 1.57 0.88 1.40 2.56 1.41 1.79 0.95 2.22

Commercial and industrial loans 0.79 0.71 0.82 1.31 0.88 0.63 0.16 1.32 0.84 0.64

Loans to individuals 1.02 1.77 0.95 0.51 0.80 0.45 0.52 1.32 0.53 0.78

Credit card loans 1.47 1.84 1.14 0.59 1.29 0.71 1.33 1.22 0.50 1.31

Other loans to individuals 0.55 0.53 0.27 0.51 0.77 0.42 0.34 1.33 0.53 0.43

All other loans and leases (including farm) 0.18 0.00 0.06 1.07 0.32 0.49 0.10 0.58 0.53 0.10

Total loans and leases 0.91 1.67 0.79 1.04 0.78 1.97 0.69 1.42 0.87 0.99

Percent of Loans Charged-Off (net, YTD)

All real estate loans 0.01 0.04 0.00 0.06 0.02 -0.01 -0.03 0.05 0.04 -0.03

Construction and development -0.01 0.22 0.02 0.04 -0.01 -0.01 -0.02 0.08 0.03 -0.03

Nonfarm nonresidential 0.04 0.00 0.04 0.08 0.04 0.01 0.05 0.01 0.06 0.04

Multifamily residential real estate 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.62 -0.02 0.00

Home equity loans -0.07 0.00 -0.08 0.06 0.04 -0.21 -0.06 0.04 0.06 -0.24

Other 1-4 family residential 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.05 0.01 0.00 -0.03 0.04 0.05 -0.02

Commercial and industrial loans 0.36 2.31 0.38 0.45 0.35 0.19 0.43 0.52 0.24 0.27

Loans to individuals 2.42 4.35 2.77 0.64 1.20 1.11 1.11 0.52 0.58 1.84

Credit card loans 3.82 4.47 3.39 2.89 4.26 2.09 2.92 2.14 1.69 3.30

Other loans to individuals 0.93 2.49 0.65 0.42 0.98 1.04 0.69 0.39 0.56 0.93

All other loans and leases (including farm) 0.14 0.74 0.08 0.25 0.20 0.22 0.01 0.18 0.43 0.15

Total loans and leases 0.52 4.15 0.72 0.17 0.20 0.03 0.82 0.17 0.13 0.39

Loans Outstanding (in billions)

All real estate loans $5,045.9 $1.5 $555.2 $120.1 $2,878.0 $201.5 $33.5 $7.1 $33.8 $1,215.3

Construction and development 361.4 0.1 16.8 7.6 277.5 5.4 0.3 0.6 2.0 51.0

Nonfarm nonresidential 1,513.6 0.0 58.8 32.2 1,130.7 18.6 1.6 2.4 7.6 261.7

Multifamily residential real estate 458.7 0.0 84.1 4.1 314.1 5.9 0.4 0.2 0.9 49.0

Home equity loans 342.0 0.0 38.9 2.3 183.6 10.8 2.8 0.2 1.2 102.2

Other 1-4 family residential 2,201.7 1.3 306.9 28.2 923.0 159.8 28.3 3.2 19.1 732.0

Commercial and industrial loans 2,205.0 39.3 347.1 22.9 1,078.3 6.5 6.3 1.3 3.8 699.4

Loans to individuals 1,837.5 399.9 403.3 6.8 393.2 5.0 113.0 1.2 3.8 511.2

Credit card loans 941.6 377.4 314.6 0.6 25.9 0.4 21.0 0.1 0.1 201.4

Other loans to individuals 896.0 22.5 88.6 6.2 367.3 4.5 92.1 1.1 3.8 309.9

All other loans and leases (including farm) 1,432.2 0.3 416.9 42.1 385.0 14.8 3.5 0.5 2.7 566.4

Total loans and leases (plus unearned income) 10,520.5 441.0 1,722.5 191.9 4,734.6 227.8 156.3 10.0 44.2 2,992.3

Memo: Other Real Estate Owned (in millions)

All other real estate owned 5,709.7 0.6 392.6 285.7 3,727.7 163.4 18.1 29.6 95.7 996.4

Construction and development 1,341.5 0.4 4.1 54.0 1,148.8 23.3 3.3 12.3 16.5 78.7

Nonfarm nonresidential 1,804.1 0.0 41.1 90.0 1,374.1 27.6 3.9 8.4 34.0 225.2

Multifamily residential real estate 69.7 0.0 0.0 5.8 61.5 0.6 0.4 0.2 1.2 0.0

1-4 family residential 2,271.3 0.2 306.5 47.1 1,057.5 109.7 10.5 8.5 39.1 692.3

Farmland 182.1 0.0 0.0 88.8 85.8 2.3 0.0 0.2 4.9 0.1

* Asset Concentration Group Definitions (Groups are hierarchical and mutually exclusive):

Credit-card Lenders - Institutions whose credit-card loans plus securitized receivables exceed 50 percent of total assets plus securitized receivables.

International Banks - Banks with assets greater than $10 billion and more than 25 percent of total assets in foreign offices.

Agricultural Banks - Banks whose agricultural production loans plus real estate loans secured by farmland exceed 25 percent of the total loans and leases.

Commercial Lenders - Institutions whose commercial and industrial loans, plus real estate construction and development loans, plus loans secured by commercial real estate properties 

exceed 25 percent of total assets.

Mortgage Lenders - Institutions whose residential mortgage loans, plus mortgage-backed securities, exceed 50 percent of total assets.

Consumer Lenders - Institutions whose residential mortgage loans, plus credit-card loans, plus other loans to individuals, exceed 50 percent of total assets.

Other Specialized < $1 Billion - Institutions with assets less than $1 billion, whose loans and leases are less than 40 percent of total assets.

All Other < $1 billion - Institutions with assets less than $1 billion that do not meet any of the definitions above, they have significant lending activity with no identified asset 

concentrations.

All Other > $1 billion - Institutions with assets greater than $1 billion that do not meet any of the definitions above, they have significant lending activity with no identified asset 

concentrations.

** Noncurrent loan rates represent the percentage of loans in each category that are past due 90 days or more or that are in nonaccrual status.
QUARTERLY BANKING PROFILE

FDIC QUARTERLY 11

TABLE V-A. Loan Performance, All FDIC-Insured Institutions

Asset Size Distribution Geographic Regions*

December 31, 2019 All Insured 

Institutions

Less Than 

$100 

Million

$100 

Million to 

$1 Billion

$1 Billion 

to 

$10 Billion

$10 Billion 

to $250 

Billion

Greater 

Than $250 

Billion

New 

York Atlanta Chicago

Kansas 

City Dallas

San 

Francisco

Percent of Loans 30-89 Days Past Due 

All loans secured by real estate 0.57 1.26 0.64 0.38 0.51 0.69 0.47 0.64 0.54 0.78 0.73 0.26

Construction and development 0.38 1.01 0.48 0.39 0.41 0.21 0.50 0.32 0.30 0.40 0.37 0.38

Nonfarm nonresidential 0.24 1.01 0.43 0.23 0.17 0.24 0.23 0.23 0.24 0.29 0.31 0.19

Multifamily residential real estate 0.14 0.18 0.30 0.14 0.08 0.17 0.12 0.19 0.11 0.36 0.11 0.07

Home equity loans 0.61 0.82 0.59 0.40 0.54 0.70 0.54 0.58 0.71 0.72 0.53 0.33

Other 1-4 family residential 0.92 1.72 0.99 0.66 0.92 0.97 0.80 1.03 0.79 1.17 1.60 0.35

Commercial and industrial loans 0.32 1.39 0.67 0.41 0.32 0.27 0.24 0.28 0.33 0.33 0.36 0.49

Loans to individuals 1.53 1.90 1.71 1.53 1.47 1.57 1.37 2.18 0.96 1.30 1.02 1.76

Credit card loans 1.38 1.44 2.30 3.35 1.59 1.15 1.50 1.60 0.99 1.21 0.78 1.71

Other loans to individuals 1.68 1.90 1.66 1.12 1.35 2.06 1.26 2.78 0.92 1.44 1.12 1.82

All other loans and leases (including farm) 0.29 0.55 0.55 0.40 0.23 0.29 0.18 0.22 0.24 0.45 0.19 0.31

Total loans and leases 0.65 1.22 0.68 0.45 0.64 0.69 0.54 0.80 0.51 0.70 0.64 0.68

Percent of Loans Noncurrent** 

All real estate loans 1.12 1.23 0.79 0.64 1.07 1.52 0.95 1.19 1.23 1.60 1.29 0.35

Construction and development 0.44 1.06 0.73 0.46 0.36 0.31 0.52 0.40 0.50 0.34 0.35 0.54

Nonfarm nonresidential 0.51 1.28 0.72 0.55 0.41 0.49 0.55 0.54 0.58 0.49 0.54 0.33

Multifamily residential real estate 0.11 0.72 0.30 0.16 0.09 0.06 0.12 0.16 0.12 0.08 0.14 0.05

Home equity loans 1.71 0.46 0.54 0.52 1.13 2.56 1.86 1.05 1.98 2.84 1.01 0.59

Other 1-4 family residential 1.77 1.18 0.86 0.91 1.99 2.04 1.55 1.84 1.73 2.40 2.94 0.36

Commercial and industrial loans 0.79 1.69 0.93 0.92 1.01 0.60 0.76 0.62 0.70 0.88 1.06 1.10

Loans to individuals 1.02 0.74 0.73 0.96 1.11 0.96 1.09 1.24 0.66 1.00 0.78 1.11

Credit card loans 1.47 0.52 1.91 3.31 1.73 1.20 1.70 1.60 1.03 1.32 1.29 1.80

Other loans to individuals 0.55 0.74 0.64 0.42 0.44 0.66 0.58 0.87 0.25 0.42 0.57 0.51

All other loans and leases (including farm) 0.18 1.33 0.91 0.47 0.22 0.09 0.15 0.12 0.14 0.23 0.37 0.20

Total loans and leases 0.91 1.26 0.81 0.70 0.97 0.93 0.85 0.92 0.85 1.09 1.13 0.66

Percent of Loans Charged-Off (net, YTD) 

All real estate loans 0.01 0.07 0.04 0.03 0.01 -0.02 0.03 -0.03 0.01 0.01 0.03 -0.01

Construction and development -0.01 0.00 0.02 -0.02 -0.01 -0.03 0.01 -0.02 0.02 -0.02 0.00 -0.09

Nonfarm nonresidential 0.04 0.10 0.05 0.05 0.03 0.04 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.05 0.00

Multifamily residential real estate 0.00 0.13 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00

Home equity loans -0.07 0.08 0.04 0.03 0.02 -0.17 0.04 -0.29 0.00 -0.06 -0.01 -0.04

Other 1-4 family residential 0.00 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.01 -0.02 0.03 -0.04 -0.01 0.01 0.02 -0.01

Commercial and industrial loans 0.36 0.70 0.41 0.41 0.45 0.29 0.28 0.33 0.38 0.30 0.41 0.59

Loans to individuals 2.42 0.62 1.13 1.95 2.77 2.21 2.46 2.51 1.94 2.72 1.43 2.71

Credit card loans 3.82 3.56 5.67 7.29 4.30 3.34 3.89 3.88 3.26 3.70 2.77 4.63

Other loans to individuals 0.93 0.60 0.83 0.79 1.10 0.81 1.23 0.95 0.53 1.02 0.87 0.97

All other loans and leases (including farm) 0.14 0.28 0.22 0.21 0.13 0.14 0.14 0.16 0.15 0.14 0.21 0.07

Total loans and leases 0.52 0.21 0.14 0.21 0.70 0.51 0.48 0.58 0.42 0.53 0.24 0.78

Loans Outstanding (in billions) 

All real estate loans $5,045.9 $27.7 $575.5 $913.8 $1,741.9 $1,787.0 $1,043.2 $954.7 $991.4 $894.8 $513.3 $648.3

Construction and development 361.4 1.6 54.7 91.7 141.0 72.4 68.8 60.9 59.9 50.9 79.7 41.2

Nonfarm nonresidential 1,513.6 6.3 217.9 378.4 577.0 334.0 348.7 298.1 225.1 203.8 213.3 224.7

Multifamily residential real estate 458.7 0.7 31.9 99.7 192.3 134.1 160.1 45.8 114.9 40.4 23.5 74.0

Home equity loans 342.0 0.6 20.1 38.3 118.6 164.5 70.9 82.3 84.1 58.4 19.8 26.5

Other 1-4 family residential 2,201.7 13.0 198.5 278.9 697.1 1,014.2 389.9 454.0 482.9 445.5 158.0 271.5

Commercial and industrial loans 2,205.0 4.7 93.5 199.9 781.8 1,125.1 349.6 545.0 485.9 432.1 152.7 239.8

Loans to individuals 1,837.5 2.7 30.8 69.1 793.4 941.5 313.0 440.0 354.6 330.0 69.0 330.9

Credit card loans 941.6 0.0 2.1 12.9 411.1 515.4 143.3 225.7 184.8 211.8 20.3 155.7

Other loans to individuals 896.0 2.6 28.8 56.2 382.2 426.1 169.7 214.3 169.9 118.2 48.7 175.2

All other loans and leases (including farm) 1,432.2 5.6 47.5 66.9 427.1 885.1 215.5 285.9 346.5 390.6 65.7 128.0

Total loans and leases 

(plus unearned income) 10,520.5 40.7 747.3 1,249.7 3,744.2 4,738.7 1,921.3 2,225.6 2,178.5 2,047.5 800.6 1,347.0

Memo: Other Real Estate Owned 

(in millions) 

All other real estate owned 5,709.7 128.9 1,540.0 1,189.4 1,497.6 1,353.9 1,009.5 1,283.4 1,138.8 916.6 1,064.6 296.9

Construction and development 1,341.5 21.0 606.9 374.7 264.0 74.9 167.1 354.8 163.4 235.7 327.3 93.3

Nonfarm nonresidential 1,804.1 43.1 501.7 508.9 465.7 284.8 287.2 379.9 349.5 264.5 440.1 82.9

Multifamily residential real estate 69.7 5.0 40.4 19.2 3.5 1.6 12.0 20.3 12.3 10.9 10.0 4.2

1-4 family residential 2,271.3 43.9 295.9 240.9 738.9 951.6 537.1 513.5 570.1 325.5 225.5 99.6

Farmland 182.1 15.9 95.1 45.7 25.4 0.0 6.1 14.9 18.5 64.1 61.7 16.9

* Regions:

New York - Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Puerto Rico, Rhode Island, Vermont, 

U.S. Virgin Islands

Atlanta - Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, West Virginia

Chicago - Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Michigan, Ohio, Wisconsin

Kansas City - Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota

Dallas - Arkansas, Colorado, Louisiana, Mississippi, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Texas

San Francisco - Alaska, Arizona, California, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Pacific Islands, Utah, Washington, Wyoming

** Noncurrent loan rates represent the percentage of loans in each category that are past due 90 days or more or that are in nonaccrual status.
2 0 2 0  •  Volume 1 4 • Number 1

12 FDIC QUARTERLY

Table VI-A. Derivatives, All FDIC-Insured Call Report Filers

4th 

Quarter 

2019

3rd 

Quarter 

2019

2nd

Quarter 

2019

1st

Quarter 

2019

4th 

Quarter 

2018

% 

Change 

18Q4-

19Q4

Asset Size Distribution

(dollar figures in millions;

notional amounts unless otherwise indicated)

Less 

Than 

$100 

Million

$100 

Million 

to $1 

Billion

$1 

Billion 

to $10 

Billion

$10 

Billion 

to $250 

Billion

Greater 

Than 

$250 

Billion

ALL DERIVATIVE HOLDERS 

Number of institutions reporting derivatives 1,327 1,339 1,343 1,322 1,311 1.2 35 723 438 121 10

Total assets of institutions reporting derivatives $17,061,440 $16,899,170 $16,695,184 $16,499,238 $16,296,560 4.7 $2,302 $326,058 $1,314,207 $5,755,505 $9,663,368

Total deposits of institutions reporting derivatives 13,259,237 13,005,735 12,778,822 12,647,947 12,555,763 5.6 1,882 269,542 1,055,771 4,509,109 7,422,934

Total derivatives 173,052,373 203,562,336 207,258,169 203,961,775 178,089,382 -2.8 188 31,203 153,800 52,074,646 120,792,537

Derivative Contracts by Underlying Risk Exposure 

Interest rate 125,078,801 147,186,915 151,863,618 149,195,436 128,183,025 -2.4 188 30,796 146,063 41,589,610 83,312,144

Foreign exchange* 38,736,894 46,694,639 46,115,633 45,568,406 40,947,307 -5.4 0 0 5,147 9,915,954 28,815,793

Equity 3,796,106 3,835,456 3,722,531 3,675,244 3,374,363 12.5 0 14 212 149,497 3,646,383

Commodity & other (excluding credit derivatives) 1,495,227 1,662,059 1,482,094 1,377,390 1,314,571 13.7 0 8 129 109,857 1,385,233

Credit 3,944,681 4,182,691 4,073,984 4,145,034 4,269,954 -7.6 0 26 1,944 309,727 3,632,984

Total 173,051,709 203,561,760 207,257,860 203,961,510 178,089,220 -2.8 188 30,844 153,495 52,074,646 120,792,537

Derivative Contracts by Transaction Type 

Swaps 96,614,705 108,935,550 110,905,216 106,833,011 97,930,380 -1.3 2 10,733 96,740 27,212,958 69,294,272

Futures & forwards 34,786,559 47,061,041 46,208,801 46,165,354 36,143,797 -3.8 4 2,926 25,232 11,162,568 23,595,831

Purchased options 18,118,313 20,733,104 21,891,612 21,854,802 18,708,067 -3.2 1 659 11,146 6,505,191 11,601,315

Written options 17,998,301 20,343,914 21,794,090 22,283,518 19,300,817 -6.7 1 1,805 10,879 6,444,562 11,541,055

Total 167,517,878 197,073,609 200,799,718 197,136,684 172,083,061 -2.7 8 16,123 143,997 51,325,278 116,032,472

Fair Value of Derivative Contracts 

Interest rate contracts 49,831 54,195 55,924 53,806 47,139 5.7 0 210 -53 12,549 37,125

Foreign exchange contracts -7,869 2,817 -2,565 10,824 11,290 N/M 0 0 10 2,200 -10,079

Equity contracts -1,203 1,597 -1,110 -272 6,407 N/M 0 0 2 530 -1,735

Commodity & other (excluding credit derivatives) -1,310 -4,100 -2,161 -778 -1,873 N/M 0 0 0 -165 -1,146

Credit derivatives as guarantor** 25,920 20,454 18,529 16,412 6,715 286.0 0 0 7 1,870 24,044

Credit derivatives as beneficiary** -26,965 -22,966 -21,734 -18,387 -6,765 N/M 0 0 -8 -2,486 -24,472

Derivative Contracts by Maturity*** 

Interest rate contracts < 1 year 79,167,594 88,724,441 90,569,958 87,928,668 71,493,360 10.7 12 6,809 23,820 19,581,125 59,555,828

 1-5 years 35,824,275 37,506,842 39,191,526 38,990,311 36,683,716 -2.3 5 3,151 40,435 8,592,928 27,187,756

 > 5 years 24,264,352 24,491,078 24,215,323 24,263,087 23,246,059 4.4 6 10,771 64,056 7,284,832 16,904,687

Foreign exchange and gold contracts < 1 year 28,241,089 33,602,158 32,804,737 32,625,695 28,891,320 -2.3 0 0 3,707 7,038,277 21,199,104

 1-5 years 4,052,351 4,279,836 4,340,277 4,364,397 4,218,682 -3.9 0 0 818 865,076 3,186,457

 > 5 years 2,146,242 2,148,934 2,170,971 2,181,911 2,095,962 2.4 0 0 0 635,467 1,510,775

Equity contracts < 1 year 3,083,994 2,687,265 2,725,454 2,714,590 2,448,707 25.9 0 7 94 72,453 3,011,441

 1-5 years 844,052 994,632 972,497 957,790 863,793 -2.3 0 7 29 45,515 798,502

 > 5 years 136,149 147,521 149,222 143,076 139,158 -2.2 0 0 4 13,126 123,019

 Commodity & other contracts (including credit 

derivatives, excluding gold contracts) < 1 year 2,102,100 1,960,750 2,008,663 1,754,422 1,745,343 20.4 0 4 56 66,563 2,035,476

 1-5 years 2,778,297 2,819,249 2,803,027 2,847,105 3,105,744 -10.5 0 6 430 213,223 2,564,638

 > 5 years 260,718 430,569 260,548 528,263 298,075 -12.5 0 76 931 33,571 226,139

Risk-Based Capital: Credit Equivalent Amount 

Total current exposure to tier 1 capital (%) 23.7 27.4 23.9 22.0 22.7 0.1 1.0 1.3 15.7 33.8

Total potential future exposure to tier 1 capital (%) 34.5 35.0 36.6 37.6 36.0 0.0 0.6 1.0 18.6 52.3

Total exposure (credit equivalent amount) 

to tier 1 capital (%) 58.2 62.4 60.5 59.5 58.8 0.1 1.6 2.2 34.3 86.1

Credit losses on derivatives  20.0 21.6 26.3 9.1 11.7 66.7 0.0 0.0 -1.6 10.3 11.3

HELD FOR TRADING 

Number of institutions reporting derivatives 173 175 189 186 192 -9.9 0 21 78 65 9

Total assets of institutions reporting derivatives 13,426,643 13,313,319 13,222,401 12,883,177 12,721,331 5.5 0 10,763 287,228 3,785,757 9,342,896

Total deposits of institutions reporting derivatives 10,356,224 10,147,949 10,023,986 9,827,749 9,762,883 6.1 0 8,906 227,972 2,970,017 7,149,329

Derivative Contracts by Underlying Risk Exposure 

Interest rate 122,492,350 144,532,347 149,515,929 147,070,054 126,222,239 -3.0 0 525 40,294 40,867,509 81,584,023

Foreign exchange 36,707,246 43,930,653 43,278,150 42,441,525 38,768,802 -5.3 0 0 4,410 9,443,726 27,259,111

Equity 3,777,097 3,817,653 3,704,416 3,659,003 3,359,405 12.4 0 0 10 138,301 3,638,786

Commodity & other 1,464,169 1,631,150 1,451,571 1,347,235 1,285,123 13.9 0 0 114 80,610 1,383,444

Total 164,440,863 193,911,802 197,950,066 194,517,816 169,635,569 -3.1 0 525 44,828 50,530,147 113,865,364

Trading Revenues: Cash & Derivative Instruments 

Interest rate**  4,476 1,526 2,730 4,080 2,306 94.1 0 0 7 2,020 2,449

Foreign exchange** 662 2,718 2,900 2,254 1,971 -66.4 0 0 3 -1,073 1,732

Equity** 1,427 1,805 2,464 2,895 -43 N/M 0 0 9 -264 1,682

Commodity & other (including credit derivatives)** 634 1,152 -14 808 -202 N/M 0 0 0 414 220

Total trading revenues** 7,199 7,201 8,080 10,037 4,031 78.6 0 0 19 1,096 6,082

Share of Revenue 

Trading revenues to gross revenues (%)** 4.5 4.3 4.8 6.2 2.5 0.0 0.0 0.5 2.5 5.5

Trading revenues to net operating revenues (%)** 21.1 18.6 19.0 24.5 10.2 0.0 0.0 2.5 11.0 26.1

HELD FOR PURPOSES OTHER THAN TRADING 

Number of institutions reporting derivatives 640 661 719 724 734 -12.8 3 189 323 115 10

Total assets of institutions reporting derivatives 16,490,150 16,312,457 16,227,785 16,008,092 15,816,221 4.3 227 95,728 1,097,358 5,633,470 9,663,368

Total deposits of institutions reporting derivatives 12,796,297 12,531,168 12,402,057 12,251,856 12,172,535 5.1 190 79,192 879,563 4,414,419 7,422,934

Derivative Contracts by Underlying Risk Exposure 

Interest rate 2,564,114 2,633,516 2,335,640 2,115,231 1,951,730 31.4 8 15,576 98,308 722,101 1,728,121

Foreign exchange 462,834 479,579 465,373 457,240 451,356 2.5 0 0 645 32,588 429,601

Equity 19,009 17,803 18,116 16,241 14,959 27.1 0 14 202 11,196 7,597

Commodity & other 31,059 30,910 30,523 30,155 29,448 5.5 0 8 14 29,247 1,789

Total notional amount 3,077,015 3,161,807 2,849,652 2,618,868 2,447,492 25.7 8 15,598 99,169 795,132 2,167,108

All line items are reported on a quarterly basis. N/M - Not Meaningful

* Includes spot foreign exchange contracts. All other references to foreign exchange contracts in which notional values or fair values are reported exclude spot foreign exchange contracts.

** Does not include banks filing the FFIEC 051 report form, which was introduced in first quarter 2017.

*** Derivative contracts subject to the risk-based capital requirements for derivatives.

**** Credit losses on derivatives is applicable to all banks filing the FFIEC 031 report form and banks filing the FFIEC 041 report form that have $300 million or more in total assets, but is 

not applicaable to banks filing the FFIEC 051 form.
QUARTERLY BANKING PROFILE

FDIC QUARTERLY 13

TABLE VII-A. Servicing, Securitization, and Asset Sales Activities (All FDIC-Insured Call Report Filers)*

Asset Size Distribution

(dollar figures in millions)

4th 

Quarter 

2019

3rd 

Quarter

2019

2nd 

Quarter

2019

1st 

Quarter

2019

4th 

Quarter

2018

% 

Change 

18Q4-

19Q4

Less 

Than 

$100 

Million

$100 

Million 

to $1 

Billion

$1 

Billion 

to $10 

Billion

$10 

Billion 

to $250 

Billion

Greater 

Than 

$250 

Billion

Assets Securitized and Sold with Servicing Retained or with 

Recourse or Other Seller-Provided Credit Enhancements 

Number of institutions reporting securitization activities 63 67 65 65 64 -1.6 0 5 17 33 8

Outstanding Principal Balance by Asset Type 

1-4 family residential loans $474,309 $452,433 $465,275 $486,472 $520,030 -8.8 $0 $1,092 $14,178 $94,925 $364,114

Home equity loans 11 11 12 13 14 -21.4 0 0 0 11 0

Credit card receivables 0 0 0 0 22 -100.0 0 0 0 0 0

Auto loans 1,448 1,793 2,494 3,062 3,710 -61.0 0 0 0 1,448 0

Other consumer loans 1,661 1,738 1,603 1,668 1,738 -4.4 0 0 0 834 827

Commercial and industrial loans 0 537 558 550 453 -100.0 0 0 0 0 0

All other loans, leases, and other assets 83,875 76,770 73,791 72,857 71,416 17.4 0 2 8,797 2,389 72,687

Total securitized and sold 561,304 533,282 543,733 564,622 597,383 -14.3 0 1,094 22,975 99,607 437,628

Maximum Credit Exposure by Asset Type 

1-4 family residential loans 1,326 1,371 1,055 1,050 1,102 20.3 0 0 50 726 549

Home equity loans 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0

Credit card receivables 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0

Auto loans 59 66 86 94 104 -43.3 0 0 0 59 0

Other consumer loans 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0

Commercial and industrial loans 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0

All other loans, leases, and other assets 1,366 1,324 1,230 1,257 1,208 13.1 0 0 142 48 1,176

Total credit exposure 2,751 2,761 2,371 2,401 2,414 0.0 0 0 192 833 1,725

Total unused liquidity commitments provided to institution’s own 

securitizations 24 203 185 230 213 -88.7 0 0 0 0 24

Securitized Loans, Leases, and Other Assets 30-89 Days Past Due (%) 

1-4 family residential loans 3.5 3.6 4.0 3.5 3.6 0.0 3.4 1.8 2.8 3.8

Home equity loans 9.8 7.8 7.1 5.7 8.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.8 0

Credit card receivables 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

Auto loans 3.2 2.7 2.3 2.0 2.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.2 0

Other consumer loans 3.6 3.3 4.5 4.2 4.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.1 5.2

Commercial and industrial loans 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

All other loans, leases, and other assets 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.6 0

Total loans, leases, and other assets 3.2 3.2 3.6 3.2 3.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.7 3.2

Securitized Loans, Leases, and Other Assets 90 Days or More Past Due (%) 

1-4 family residential loans 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 0.0 1.3 0.8 1.2 0.9

Home equity loans 33.6 33.5 35.9 39.4 39.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 33.6 0

Credit card receivables 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

Auto loans 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 0

Other consumer loans 3.7 3.4 4.0 4.1 4.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.7 5.7

Commercial and industrial loans 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

All other loans, leases, and other assets 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.0 0.0 1.2 0.4 0.2

Total loans, leases, and other assets 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.2 0.8

Securitized Loans, Leases, and Other Assets Charged-off 

(net, YTD, annualized, %) 

1-4 family residential loans 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2

Home equity loans 8.6 6.9 3.6 0.9 18.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.6 0

Credit card receivables 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

Auto loans 1.9 1.2 0.7 0.3 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.9 0

Other consumer loans 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.2 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.8

Commercial and industrial loans 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

All other loans, leases, and other assets 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.4 0.2

Total loans, leases, and other assets 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2

Seller’s Interests in Institution's Own Securitizations – Carried as Loans 

Home equity loans 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0

Credit card receivables 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0

Commercial and industrial loans 0 629 644 623 427 -100.0 0 0 0 0 0

Seller’s Interests in Institution's Own Securitizations – Carried as Securities 

Home equity loans 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0

Credit card receivables 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0

Commercial and industrial loans 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0

Assets Sold with Recourse and Not Securitized 

Number of institutions reporting asset sales 371 388 437 442 469 -20.9 10 140 158 54 9

Outstanding Principal Balance by Asset Type 

1-4 family residential loans 30,178 29,841 90,099 25,577 26,292 14.8 94 4,423 13,650 10,122 1,889

All other loans, leases, and other assets 124,159 122,896 121,462 118,898 116,452 6.6 0 10 172 32,502 91,475

Total sold and not securitized 154,337 152,737 211,560 144,475 142,744 8.1 94 4,432 13,822 42,624 93,365

Maximum Credit Exposure by Asset Type 

1-4 family residential loans 10,018 10,181 10,410 7,376 7,665 30.7 5 600 4,934 3,554 925

All other loans, leases, and other assets 34,793 34,483 34,162 33,545 32,781 6.1 0 10 37 10,137 24,609

Total credit exposure 44,811 44,665 44,572 40,922 40,446 10.8 5 610 4,971 13,691 25,534

Support for Securitization Facilities Sponsored by Other Institutions 

Number of institutions reporting securitization facilities sponsored by others 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0

Total credit exposure 23,214 23,169 23,532 22,527 23,013 0.9 0 0 0 1,608 21,606

Total unused liquidity commitments 413 411 658 492 604 -31.6 0 0 0 295 118

Other

Assets serviced for others** 6,187,015 6,102,813 6,095,333 6,128,925 6,061,156 2.1 4,001 150,138 317,326 1,375,384 4,340,166

Asset-backed commercial paper conduits 

Credit exposure to conduits sponsored by institutions and others 17,948 16,186 16,249 17,150 17,366 3.4 0 0 0 0 17,948

Unused liquidity commitments to conduits sponsored by institutions 

 and others 31,652 30,536 29,907 29,998 31,491 0.5 0 0 0 815 30,837

Net servicing income (for the quarter) 2,204 300 -304 1,524 1,462 50.8 7 237 213 669 1,078

Net securitization income (for the quarter) 138 65 72 79 65 112.3 0 1 6 4 126

Total credit exposure to Tier 1 capital (%)*** 4.08 4.08 4.07 3.86 3.92 0.06 0.50 2.77 2.73 5.93

* Does not include banks filing the FFIEC 051 report form, which was introduced in first quarter 2017.

** The amount of financial assets serviced for others, other than closed-end 1-4 family residential mortgages, is reported when these assets are greater than $10 million.

*** Total credit exposure includes the sum of the three line items titled “Total credit exposure” reported above.
2 0 2 0  •  Volume 1 4 • Number 1

14 FDIC QUARTERLY

TABLE VIII-A. Trust Services (All FDIC-Insured Institutions)

All Insured Institutions Asset Size Distribution

(dollar figures in millions)

Dec 31

2019

Dec 31

2018

Dec 31

2017

Dec 31

2016

% Change 

2018-2019

Less 

Than $100 

Million

$100 

Million to 

$1 Billion

$1 Billion 

to 

$10 Billion

$10 Billion 

to $250 

Billion

Greater 

Than $250 

Billion

Number of institutions reporting 5,177 5,406 5,670 5,913 -4.2 1,155 3,226 656 130 10

Number of institutions with fiduciary powers 1,627 1,686 1,745 1,808 -3.5 175 995 356 91 10

Commercial banks 1,500 1,561 1,617 1,674 -3.9 161 937 308 84 10

Savings institutions 127 125 128 134 1.6 14 58 48 7 0

Number of institutions exercising fiduciary powers 1,207 1,260 1,291 1,345 -4.2 111 717 288 81 10

Commercial banks 1,106 1,162 1,189 1,235 -4.8 98 671 253 74 10

Savings institutions 101 98 102 110 3.1 13 46 35 7 0

Number of institutions reporting fiduciary activity 1,147 1,199 1,224 1,268 -4.3 103 672 282 80 10

Commercial banks 1,055 1,106 1,128 1,166 -4.6 90 631 250 74 10

Savings institutions 92 93 96 102 -1.1 13 41 32 6 0

Fiduciary and related assets - managed assets 

Personal trust and agency accounts 709,211 630,264 678,425 633,050 12.5 17,041 57,838 82,613 274,635 277,085

Noninterest-bearing deposits 7,674 8,900 9,124 9,628 -13.8 15 517 191 504 6,447

Interest-bearing deposits 68,925 76,197 70,413 74,420 -9.5 142 4,054 7,895 13,385 43,449

U.S. Treasury and U.S. Government agency obligations 138,739 124,624 109,476 105,921 11.3 2,180 5,290 18,232 53,218 59,820

State, county and municipal obligations 253,375 234,845 220,454 201,762 7.9 4,912 12,341 20,330 88,418 127,374

Money market mutual funds 146,867 122,929 99,968 102,669 19.5 2,688 10,363 14,175 58,362 61,279

Other short-term obligations 132,383 135,186 151,811 149,248 -2.1 51 56 1,155 92,464 38,657

Other notes and bonds 301,591 287,250 270,734 243,491 5.0 10,851 7,106 13,770 188,207 81,657

Common and preferred stocks 3,581,072 2,964,885 3,320,848 2,906,250 20.8 53,543 216,879 202,553 2,041,604 1,066,494

Real estate mortgages 2,127 2,087 1,884 2,069 1.9 331 181 539 654 421

Real estate 52,575 49,753 47,940 49,073 5.7 946 6,485 6,976 16,352 21,817

Miscellaneous assets 130,786 107,306 121,727 114,175 21.9 1,681 8,067 14,720 67,055 39,263

Employee benefit and retirement-related trust and 

agency accounts:

Employee benefit - defined contribution 492,771 395,229 429,240 397,432 24.7 1,865 11,125 14,703 401,782 63,296

Employee benefit - defined benefit 602,747 508,367 585,263 646,896 18.6 3,428 5,275 16,045 517,669 60,330

Other employee benefit and retirement-related 

 accounts 408,296 339,958 373,405 312,538 20.1 6,068 66,948 30,423 149,531 155,325

Corporate trust and agency accounts 23,738 15,607 19,895 19,809 52.1 1 326 6,229 3,278 13,903

Investment management and investment advisory 

agency accounts 2,110,828 1,832,929 1,924,534 1,619,342 15.2 45,814 116,266 131,359 1,082,919 734,470

Other fiduciary accounts 468,522 391,609 413,618 329,641 19.6 3,122 13,560 19,163 190,408 242,269

Total managed fiduciary accounts: 

Assets 4,816,115 4,113,963 4,424,380 3,958,707 17.1 77,339 271,338 300,535 2,620,223 1,546,679

Number of accounts 1,892,187 1,852,760 1,839,096 1,755,682 2.1 109,755 442,007 317,309 485,302 537,814

Fiduciary and related assets - nonmanaged assets 

Personal trust and agency accounts 339,665 300,930 282,548 259,844 12.9 7,952 20,572 17,527 185,391 108,223

Employee benefit and retirement-related trust and 

agency accounts: 

Employee benefit - defined contribution 2,504,371 2,152,945 2,333,483 2,111,972 16.3 145,714 59,728 48,725 1,558,204 692,000

Employee benefit - defined benefit 4,697,794 4,432,178 4,655,377 4,184,648 6.0 13,833 26,805 14,418 3,615,790 1,026,947

Other employee benefit and retirement-related accounts 1,620,840 1,489,228 1,571,066 1,260,066 8.8 23,224 22,520 20,145 1,299,867 255,084

Corporate trust and agency accounts 3,584,427 3,338,051 3,350,525 2,593,482 7.4 6 6,538 295,166 285,433 2,997,285

Other fiduciary accounts 3,999,296 3,470,190 3,656,109 3,249,875 15.2 8,314 41,392 32,861 1,925,457 1,991,271

Total nonmanaged fiduciary accounts: 

Assets 16,746,393 15,183,523 15,849,109 13,659,888 10.3 199,044 177,555 428,842 8,870,140 7,070,811

Number of accounts 4,311,080 3,909,616 3,872,793 3,941,681 10.3 1,212,240 509,162 180,506 1,728,349 680,823

Custody and safekeeping accounts: 

Assets 110,653,240 96,368,725 97,674,506 85,451,610 14.8 415,976 1,077,264 1,019,767 37,230,010 70,910,223

Number of accounts 13,730,523 13,286,592 12,556,341 11,612,445 3.3 3,588,783 4,941,051 314,608 3,518,588 1,367,493

Fiduciary and related services income 

Personal trust and agency accounts 4,585 4,745 4,642 4,513 -3.4 132 222 508 1,784 1,939

Retirement-related trust and agency accounts: 

Employee benefit - defined contribution 1,195 1,373 1,337 1,230 -13.0 24 53 170 580 369

Employee benefit - defined benefit 1,361 1,502 1,508 1,415 -9.4 9 23 29 903 398

Other employee benefit and retirement-related accounts 2,176 2,114 1,911 1,654 2.9 62 579 277 748 509

Corporate trust and agency accounts 1,875 1,726 1,720 1,684 8.6 0 13 301 431 1,130

Investment management agency accounts 9,110 9,140 8,515 7,769 -0.3 223 751 875 3,202 4,058

Other fiduciary accounts 803 823 811 764 -2.4 5 2 5 388 402

Custody and safekeeping accounts 14,535 14,927 14,403 13,372 -2.6 18 588 282 5,426 8,221

Other fiduciary and related services income 926 983 916 841 -5.8 19 90 131 259 427

Total gross fiduciary and related services income 36,843 37,511 35,857 33,405 -1.8 493 2,478 2,691 13,725 17,457

Less: Expenses 34,573 35,123 33,150 30,649 -1.6 345 1,821 2,030 15,124 15,253

Less: Net losses from fiduciary and related services 502 300 283 208 67.3 2 4 38 98 360

Plus: Intracompany income credits for fiduciary and 

 related services 10,135 9,307 7,539 5,787 8.9 2 4 306 4,995 4,827

Net fiduciary and related services income 11,599 11,154 9,805 8,170 4.0 147 498 817 3,469 6,668

Collective investment funds and common trust funds 

(market value) 

Domestic equity funds 789,065 615,673 718,199 636,516 28.2 7,438 2,605 29,964 585,136 163,922

International/global equity funds 257,360 202,917 230,397 186,627 26.8 1,591 9,305 5,562 173,430 67,472

Stock/bond blend funds 175,200 148,831 141,328 142,755 17.7 2,479 0 11,924 90,372 70,425

Taxable bond funds 133,911 125,119 148,520 149,992 7.0 1,103 1,708 6,255 1,280 123,565

Municipal bond funds 2,287 2,004 3,001 3,291 14.1 27 0 289 936 1,035

Short-term investments/money market funds 143,418 143,955 154,093 161,565 -0.4 3,014 0 391 80,068 59,945

Specialty/other funds 61,674 58,833 56,774 56,067 4.8 0 2,312 6,592 2,201 50,569

Total collective investment funds 1,562,915 1,297,332 1,452,312 1,336,812 20.4 15,652 15,930 60,977 933,423 536,933
QUARTERLY BANKING PROFILE

FDIC QUARTERLY 15

COMMUNITY BANK PERFORMANCE

Community banks are identified based on criteria defined in the FDIC’s Community Banking Study. When comparing 

community bank performance across quarters, prior-quarter dollar amounts are based on community banks designated 

in the current quarter, adjusted for mergers. In contrast, prior-quarter performance ratios are based on community banks 

designated during the previous quarter.

Higher Net Operating Revenue Lifts Quarterly and Full-Year Net Income

Net Interest Margin Contracts From a Year Ago

Loan and Lease Balances Grow 5.5 Percent Annually

Asset Quality Indicators Remain Stable

Higher Revenue Lifts 

Community Bank Quarterly 

Net Income

Community bank quarterly net income increased $270.3 million (4.4 percent) from a year 

ago to $6.4 billion. Higher net operating revenue and greater realized gains on securities 

more than offset growth in noninterest expense. More than half of all community banks 

(53.9 percent) reported an annual increase in earnings. Community bank average pretax 

ROA fell 3 basis points to 1.37 percent, 15 basis points below the average noncommunity 

bank rate, as asset growth outpaced the growth in earnings. The percentage of unprofitable 

institutions was roughly unchanged at 7.7 percent, only slightly above the fourth quarter 

2018 record low.

Full-Year Net Income Rises 

7.5 Percent

Full-year 2019 net income totaled $25.8 billion, an increase of $1.8 billion (7.5 percent) from 

full-year 2018, as 63.6 percent of banks reported annual income growth. Net operating 

revenue and realized gains on securities increased $6.3 billion (7.2 percent), while noninterest expense increased $3.6 billion (6.4 percent). Growth in net operating revenue was broadbased; more than three-quarters of all community banks (76.1 percent) reported higher net 

operating revenue. The average net interest margin (NIM) fell 5 basis points to 3.67 percent 

as the average cost of funding earning assets increased more than the average yield on earning assets. Community bank average pretax ROA increased for the tenth consecutive year, 

up 2 basis points to 1.44 percent. The percentage of unprofitable community banks rose 

modestly to 3.8 percent.

Contributors to the Year-Over-Year Change in Income 

FDIC-Insured Community Banks 

Source: FDIC.

$ Billions

Net

Income

Net

Interest

Income

Loan Loss

Provisions

Noninterest

Income

Noninterest

Expense

Realized

Gains on

Securities

Income

Taxes

Positive Factor Negative Factor

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

+4%

+2%

+13%

+21%

+7%

N/M

+24%

$0.27 $0.38 $0.09 $0.88 $0.99 $0.30 $0.23

Chart 1

Source: FDIC.

Net Interest Margin

Percent 

Community Banks (3.62)

Industry (3.28)

2.75

3.00

3.25

3.50

3.75

4.00

4.25

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Chart 2
2 0 2 0  •  Volume 1 4 • Number 1

16 FDIC QUARTERLY

Change in Loan Balances and Unused Commitments 

FDIC-Insured Community Banks 

Source: FDIC.

$ Billions Year-Over-Year Change

Quarter-Over-Quarter Change

Loan Balances

Unused

Commitments

Nonfarm

Nonresidential

RE

Commercial &

Industrial

1–4 Family

Residential

RE

Construction &

Development

Agricultural

Production

Commercial RE

& Construction

Commercial

& Industrial

0

-5

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

32.2

11.7

8.1

12.7

-0.1

7.2 9.2 9.8

3.9

-0.7

1.9

-1.2

0.6 2.2

Chart 3

Noncurrent Loan Rates for FDIC-Insured Community Banks

Source: FDIC.

Share of Loan Portfolio Noncurrent

Percent

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

C&D Loans

Nonfarm Nonresidential RE

1–4 Family RE

C&I Loans 

Farm Loans

Home Equity

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Chart 4

Growth in Noninterest 

Income and Net Interest 

Income Boosts Net 

Operating Revenue

Community bank quarterly net operating revenue increased $1.3 billion (5.6 percent) from 

fourth quarter 2018. Noninterest income was $884.4 million (20.5 percent) higher, and 

net interest income was $383.9 million (2.1 percent) higher. Higher loan sale revenue (up 

$523.1 million, 79 percent) generated most of the growth in noninterest income, primarily due to a lower-than-average quarter for loan sale revenue a year ago. The increase in net 

interest income was attributable to growth in earning assets. The average quarterly NIM fell 

15 basis points to 3.62 percent as the average yield on earning assets fell 7 basis points and 

the average cost of funding earning assets rose 8 basis points. Nearly 70 percent of community banks reported lower NIM year over year.

Growth in Payroll Expenses 

Drives Noninterest Expense 

Higher

Noninterest expense rose $986.6 million (6.7 percent) from a year ago primarily because 

of an increase in salary and benefit expense of $716.3 million (8.6 percent). Community 

banks added 6,352 full-time equivalent employees during the year, and the average salary 

and benefits expense per employee increased 6.8 percent. All other noninterest expense, 

which includes premises expense, litigation expense, and all other expenses, increased 

$270.2 million (4.3 percent). Noninterest expense as a share of average assets rose 3 basis 

points to 2.83 percent, 22 basis points above the noncommunity bank ratio. More than twothirds of community banks reported higher noninterest expense year over year.

More Than 70 Percent of 

Banks Report Annual 

Loan Growth

Community bank loan and lease balances rose $81.8 billion (5.5 percent) year over year, 

led by growth in the following categories: nonfarm nonresidential loans (up 32.2 billion, or 

7.3 percent), 1–4 family loans (up $12.7 billion, or 3.3 percent), and construction and development (C&D) loans (up $8.1 billion, or 7.7 percent). All major loan categories grew in 2019, 

and 72.3 percent of community banks recorded annual growth. Community banks continued to report strong annual growth in unfunded commitments. Total unfunded commitments increased $22.6 billion (7.8 percent), marking the third consecutive quarter of growth 

greater than 7 percent.

While most banks (59.1 percent) reported quarterly loan growth, the rate of growth slowed 

to 1 percent from 1.3 percent last quarter. Stronger growth in nonfarm nonresidential loans 

(up $9.8 billion, or 2.1 percent), commercial and industrial (C&I) loans (up 3.9 billion, or 

1.9 percent), and multifamily loans (up $1.6 billion, or 1.6 percent), was partially offset 

by a modest decline in 1–4 family loans (down $0.7 billion, or 0.2 percent) and a seasonal 

decline in agricultural production loans (down $1.2 billion, or 2.3 percent). Total unfunded 

commitments grew $4 billion (1.3 percent), led by growth in C&I unfunded commitments of 

$2.2 billion (2.2 percent).
QUARTERLY BANKING PROFILE

FDIC QUARTERLY 17

Small Loans to Businesses 

Grow 1.9 Percent Year 

Over Year

Community bank small loans to businesses increased $5.5 billion (1.9 percent) year over 

year, more than double the rate of growth reported by noncommunity banks. C&I, nonfarm 

nonresidential, and farmland small loans to businesses increased $6.4 billion (2.5 percent) 

but were partially offset by an $842.3 million (3 percent) reduction in agricultural production loan balances. Community banks hold 40.4 percent of total small loans to businesses.

Community Bank Deposits 

Grow Faster Than 

Noncommunity Bank 

Deposits

Community bank deposits increased $99.8 billion (5.8 percent) from the previous year, 

outpacing the 4.7 percent annual growth rate reported by noncommunity banks. This 

growth included an increase in domestic interest-bearing deposits of $75.9 billion 

(5.6 percent) and an increase in domestic noninterest-bearing deposits of $23.6 billion 

(6.4 percent). Deposit growth was broad-based as roughly 75 percent of community banks 

reported an annual increase.

The Noncurrent Loan Rate 

Falls to Lowest Level 

Since 2006

The total loan noncurrent loan rate declined 2 basis points during the quarter and 3 basis 

points from a year ago to 0.75 percent, marking the lowest rate recorded since fourth quarter 2006. More than half of all community banks (52.9 percent) reported an annual decline 

in their noncurrent rate. The largest improvements in the noncurrent rate occurred in the 

consumer loan portfolio (down 11 basis points to 0.56 percent) and 1–4 family residential 

loan portfolio (down 10 basis points to 0.94 percent). Farm loan categories registered the 

largest annual increase in noncurrent rates. The noncurrent rate on agricultural production loans rose 28 basis points to 1.08 percent, and the noncurrent rate on loans secured by 

farmland rose 12 basis points to 1.47 percent. The total agricultural loan noncurrent rate 

of 1.32 percent has increased year over year for 16 consecutive quarters and is at its highest 

point since second quarter 2011.

The Net Charge-Off Rate 

Increases Modestly

The net charge-off rate for total loans increased 3 basis points from a year ago to 

0.18 percent. C&I and consumer loan categories were responsible for most of the increase. 

The C&I loan net charge-off rate rose 14 basis points to 0.52 percent, and the consumer loan 

net charge-off rate rose 12 basis points to 1.10 percent. Despite growth in the total agricultural loan noncurrent rate, the agricultural loan net charge-off rate has remained relatively 

stable, increasing only 1 basis point year over year to 0.18 percent.

Capital Growth Drives 

Capital Ratios Higher

Total equity capital increased $22 billion (9.1 percent) from fourth quarter 2018. The 

total equity capital ratio increased by 35 basis points to 11.77 percent, and the tier 1 leverage ratio increased 6 basis points to 11.15 percent. The total risk-based capital ratio rose 

17 basis points to 15.93 percent, and the tier 1 risk-based capital ratio rose 22 basis points 

to 14.93 percent. Each of the community bank capital ratios exceed the ratios reported by 

noncommunity banks.

Twelve New Community 

Banks Began Reporting 

in 2019

In fourth quarter 2019, the number of FDIC-insured community banks declined by 77 to 

4,750. There were 72 mergers and consolidations, four voluntary closures, and three failures. 

Two new community banks opened during the quarter. In 2019, the number of community 

banks declined by 230; four banks failed and 12 new institutions opened.

Author: 

Nathan L. Hinton

Senior Financial Analyst

Division of Insurance and Research
2 0 2 0  •  Volume 1 4 • Number 1

18 FDIC QUARTERLY

TABLE I-B. Selected Indicators, FDIC-Insured Community Banks

2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013

Return on assets (%) 1.20 1.19 0.96 0.99 0.99 0.93 0.90

Return on equity (%) 10.27 10.58 8.65 8.81 8.85 8.45 8.28

Core capital (leverage) ratio (%) 11.15 11.09 10.80 10.69 10.67 10.57 10.43

Noncurrent assets plus other real estate owned to assets (%) 0.65 0.70 0.78 0.94 1.07 1.34 1.73

Net charge-offs to loans (%) 0.13 0.13 0.16 0.16 0.15 0.21 0.32

Asset growth rate (%) -1.17 2.22 1.17 2.97 2.74 2.20 0.37

Net interest margin (%) 3.67 3.72 3.62 3.57 3.57 3.61 3.59

Net operating income growth (%) -3.77 28.01 0.21 2.42 9.57 4.78 14.56

Number of institutions reporting 4,750 4,980 5,228 5,462 5,736 6,037 6,307

Percentage of unprofitable institutions (%) 3.81 3.63 5.72 4.67 5.04 6.44 8.40

TABLE II-B. Aggregate Condition and Income Data, FDIC-Insured Community Banks

(dollar figures in millions)  4th Quarter

2019

3rd Quarter

2019

4th Quarter

2018

%Change 

18Q4-19Q4

Number of institutions reporting 4,750 4,827 4,980 -4.6

Total employees (full-time equivalent) 400,297 402,919 412,479 -3.0

CONDITION DATA

Total assets $2,231,307 $2,233,442 $2,257,669 -1.2

Loans secured by real estate 1,206,846 1,212,228 1,238,203 -2.5

 1-4 Family residential mortgages 393,212 397,980 399,424 -1.6

 Nonfarm nonresidential 474,580 472,438 481,542 -1.4

 Construction and development 113,178 113,186 113,072 0.1

 Home equity lines 46,466 47,057 48,228 -3.7

Commercial & industrial loans 212,832 212,178 221,205 -3.8

Loans to individuals 66,102 65,697 63,618 3.9

 Credit cards 2,158 2,103 1,907 13.2

Farm loans 52,212 53,556 52,755 -1.0

Other loans & leases 40,862 43,654 40,185 1.7

Less: Unearned income 557 542 648 -14.1

Total loans & leases 1,578,298 1,586,771 1,615,319 -2.3

Less: Reserve for losses 17,679 18,016 18,429 -4.1

Net loans and leases 1,560,619 1,568,755 1,596,890 -2.3

Securities 379,280 376,169 396,392 -4.3

Other real estate owned 2,462 2,717 3,047 -19.2

Goodwill and other intangibles 17,641 17,342 17,506 0.8

All other assets 271,305 268,459 243,834 11.3

Total liabilities and capital 2,231,307 2,233,442 2,257,669 -1.2

Deposits 1,834,305 1,832,214 1,853,147 -1.0

 Domestic office deposits 1,831,892 1,829,902 1,852,439 -1.1

 Foreign office deposits 2,414 2,311 708 240.8

 Brokered deposits 63,354 69,676 77,680 -18.4

Estimated insured deposits 1,331,236 1,338,317 1,343,938 -0.9

Other borrowed funds 114,761 116,443 128,855 -10.9

Subordinated debt 339 370 791 -57.1

All other liabilities 19,210 20,270 17,043 12.7

Total equity capital (includes minority interests) 262,691 264,147 257,833 1.9

 Bank equity capital 262,604 264,058 257,754 1.9

Loans and leases 30-89 days past due 8,752 7,827 8,631 1.4

Noncurrent loans and leases 11,912 12,256 12,614 -5.6

Restructured loans and leases 5,522 5,704 6,380 -13.5

Mortgage-backed securities 179,942 173,904 174,267 3.3

Earning assets 2,078,600 2,077,219 2,102,657 -1.1

FHLB Advances 92,543 94,716 105,026 -11.9

Unused loan commitments 313,819 314,829 310,451 1.1

Trust assets 328,885 259,743 302,060 8.9

Assets securitized and sold 17,049 17,241 13,060 30.5

Notional amount of derivatives 102,469 105,429 74,863 36.9

INCOME DATA

Full Year

 2019

Full Year

 2018 %Change

4th Quarter 

2019

4th Quarter 

2018

%Change 

18Q4-19Q4

Total interest income $92,518 $90,272 2.5 $23,412 $24,037 -2.6

Total interest expense 18,903 14,533 30.1 4,761 4,382 8.7

Net interest income 73,615 75,739 -2.8 18,651 19,655 -5.1

Provision for loan and lease losses 2,861 2,933 -2.4 834 798 4.5

Total noninterest income 18,944 18,363 3.2 5,193 4,661 11.4

Total noninterest expense 59,653 60,209 -0.9 15,666 15,642 0.2

Securities gains (losses) 778 40 1,825.0 202 -76 N/M

Applicable income taxes 5,100 4,929 3.5 1,172 1,059 10.6

Extraordinary gains, net* 128 3 N/M 11 0 N/M

Total net income (includes minority interests) 25,850 26,075 -0.9 6,385 6,740 -5.3

 Bank net income 25,839 26,063 -0.9 6,383 6,739 -5.3

Net charge-offs 1,995 1,941 2.8 703 594 18.3

Cash dividends 13,304 11,499 15.7 4,218 3,592 17.4

Retained earnings 12,535 14,564 -13.9 2,165 3,147 -31.2

Net operating income 25,064 26,045 -3.8 6,206 6,809 -8.9

* See Notes to Users for explanation. N/M - Not Meaningful
QUARTERLY BANKING PROFILE

FDIC QUARTERLY 19

TABLE II-B. Aggregate Condition and Income Data, FDIC-Insured Community Banks

Prior Periods Adjusted for Mergers

(dollar figures in millions)  4th Quarter 

2019

3rd Quarter 

2019

4th Quarter

2018

%Change 

18Q4-19Q4

Number of institutions reporting 4,750 4,748 4,738 0.3

Total employees (full-time equivalent) 400,297 398,916 393,945 1.6

CONDITION DATA

Total assets $2,231,307 $2,202,385 $2,109,146 5.8

Loans secured by real estate 1,206,846 1,194,117 1,145,866 5.3

 1-4 Family residential mortgages 393,212 393,954 380,498 3.3

 Nonfarm nonresidential 474,580 464,763 442,409 7.3

 Construction and development 113,178 111,276 105,075 7.7

 Home equity lines 46,466 46,571 46,688 -0.5

Commercial & industrial loans 212,832 208,933 201,165 5.8

Loans to individuals 66,102 65,396 62,010 6.6

 Credit cards 2,158 2,089 2,079 3.8

Farm loans 52,212 53,444 52,270 -0.1

Other loans & leases 40,862 41,254 35,687 14.5

Less: Unearned income 557 542 546 2.0

Total loans & leases 1,578,298 1,562,602 1,496,453 5.5

Less: Reserve for losses 17,679 17,798 17,393 1.6

Net loans and leases 1,560,619 1,544,804 1,479,060 5.5

Securities 379,280 372,030 378,521 0.2

Other real estate owned 2,462 2,690 2,911 -15.4

Goodwill and other intangibles 17,641 17,000 15,996 10.3

All other assets 271,305 265,861 232,659 16.6

Total liabilities and capital 2,231,307 2,202,385 2,109,146 5.8

Deposits 1,834,305 1,808,553 1,734,504 5.8

 Domestic office deposits 1,831,892 1,806,242 1,732,408 5.7

 Foreign office deposits 2,414 2,311 2,096 15.2

 Brokered deposits 63,354 68,001 71,373 -11.2

Estimated insured deposits 1,331,236 1,321,992 1,277,026 4.2

Other borrowed funds 114,761 112,950 118,047 -2.8

Subordinated debt 339 370 359 -5.6

All other liabilities 19,210 19,893 15,568 23.4

Total equity capital (includes minority interests) 262,691 260,620 240,667 9.2

 Bank equity capital 262,604 260,532 240,591 9.1

Loans and leases 30-89 days past due 8,752 7,755 8,240 6.2

Noncurrent loans and leases 11,912 12,140 11,885 0.2

Restructured loans and leases 5,522 5,674 6,190 -10.8

Mortgage-backed securities 179,942 172,154 162,873 10.5

Earning assets 2,078,600 2,048,221 1,963,775 5.8

FHLB Advances 92,543 91,457 96,770 -4.4

Unused loan commitments 313,819 309,836 291,236 7.8

Trust assets 328,885 258,961 281,667 16.8

Assets securitized and sold 17,049 17,174 16,731 1.9

Notional amount of derivatives 102,469 104,297 68,219 50.2

INCOME DATA

Full Year

 2019

Full Year

 2018 %Change

4th Quarter 

2019

4th Quarter 

2018

%Change 

18Q4-19Q4

Total interest income $92,518 $83,341 11.0 $23,412 $22,304 5.0

Total interest expense 18,903 13,305 42.1 4,761 4,037 17.9

Net interest income 73,615 70,036 5.1 18,651 18,267 2.1

Provision for loan and lease losses 2,861 2,559 11.8 834 741 12.5

Total noninterest income 18,944 17,023 11.3 5,193 4,309 20.5

Total noninterest expense 59,653 56,060 6.4 15,666 14,679 6.7

Securities gains (losses) 778 15 N/M 202 -99 N/M

Applicable income taxes 5,100 4,409 15.7 1,172 941 24.5

Extraordinary gains, net* 128 3 N/M 11 0 N/M

Total net income (includes minority interests) 25,850 24,048 7.5 6,385 6,115 4.4

 Bank net income 25,839 24,036 7.5 6,383 6,113 4.4

Net charge-offs 1,995 1,646 21.2 703 573 22.8

Cash dividends 13,304 11,006 20.9 4,218 3,439 22.7

Retained earnings 12,535 13,030 -3.8 2,165 2,674 -19.0

Net operating income 25,064 24,038 4.3 6,206 6,202 0.1

* See Notes to Users for explanation. N/M - Not Meaningful
2 0 2 0  •  Volume 1 4 • Number 1

20 FDIC QUARTERLY

TABLE III-B. Aggregate Condition and Income Data by Geographic Region, FDIC-Insured Community Banks

Fourth Quarter 2019

(dollar figures in millions) All Community Banks

Geographic Regions*

New York Atlanta Chicago Kansas City Dallas San Francisco

Number of institutions reporting 4,750 540 538 1,050 1,274 1,055 293

Total employees (full-time equivalent) 400,297 80,969 44,794 83,862 69,567 87,251 33,854

CONDITION DATA

Total assets $2,231,307 $575,685 $229,370 $410,068 $374,275 $420,257 $221,653

Loans secured by real estate 1,206,846 355,654 125,706 214,893 181,936 211,176 117,481

 1-4 Family residential mortgages 393,212 137,308 38,704 68,595 53,611 67,948 27,047

 Nonfarm nonresidential 474,580 129,363 56,274 82,052 61,723 86,822 58,346

 Construction and development 113,178 25,299 14,106 17,568 16,108 29,836 10,262

 Home equity lines 46,466 14,401 6,093 9,984 5,128 4,972 5,888

Commercial & industrial loans 212,832 50,420 19,400 42,522 38,391 40,954 21,145

Loans to individuals 66,102 16,974 6,230 12,687 11,072 12,780 6,359

 Credit cards 2,158 455 130 251 613 235 475

Farm loans 52,212 658 1,317 8,573 29,519 9,205 2,939

Other loans & leases 40,862 11,088 3,285 9,182 6,564 6,378 4,366

Less: Unearned income 557 103 83 48 98 124 100

Total loans & leases 1,578,298 434,691 155,855 287,810 267,384 280,369 152,189

Less: Reserve for losses 17,679 3,987 1,717 3,201 3,485 3,372 1,917

Net loans and leases 1,560,619 430,704 154,138 284,609 263,899 276,996 150,273

Securities 379,280 84,321 40,448 73,111 63,009 81,137 37,254

Other real estate owned 2,462 402 463 473 438 562 123

Goodwill and other intangibles 17,641 4,901 1,252 3,449 2,537 3,034 2,469

All other assets 271,305 55,357 33,068 48,425 44,392 58,528 31,534

Total liabilities and capital 2,231,307 575,685 229,370 410,068 374,275 420,257 221,653

Deposits 1,834,305 457,730 191,526 336,954 309,834 354,667 183,594

 Domestic office deposits 1,831,892 456,969 191,513 336,812 309,834 354,667 182,097

 Foreign office deposits 2,414 762 13 142 0 0 1,497

 Brokered deposits 63,354 21,172 4,043 11,654 12,380 8,403 5,701

 Estimated insured deposits 1,331,236 333,414 136,351 260,948 237,253 249,095 114,175

Other borrowed funds 114,761 43,686 9,296 21,329 18,519 13,360 8,572

Subordinated debt 339 236 13 27 11 42 11

All other liabilities 19,210 6,399 1,756 3,264 2,590 2,800 2,402

Total equity capital (includes minority interests) 262,691 67,634 26,779 48,494 43,322 49,388 27,074

 Bank equity capital 262,604 67,607 26,775 48,457 43,321 49,370 27,073

Loans and leases 30-89 days past due 8,752 1,975 1,063 1,633 1,432 2,109 540

Noncurrent loans and leases 11,912 3,162 1,166 2,294 1,983 2,580 726

Restructured loans and leases 5,522 1,788 516 1,331 861 692 333

Mortgage-backed securities 179,942 46,980 20,053 31,314 24,560 34,618 22,417

Earning assets 2,078,600 538,997 212,738 382,217 348,880 389,960 205,808

FHLB Advances 92,543 37,764 7,804 16,423 14,495 10,107 5,949

Unused loan commitments 313,819 82,897 27,657 57,224 56,055 52,845 37,141

Trust assets 328,885 67,011 13,023 74,529 101,831 51,206 21,285

Assets securitized and sold 17,049 7,621 74 4,983 3,107 1,062 202

Notional amount of derivatives 102,469 42,461 8,417 15,207 14,616 14,675 7,093

INCOME DATA

Total interest income $23,412 $5,753 $2,418 $4,238 $4,040 $4,625 $2,339

Total interest expense 4,761 1,431 456 843 834 843 353

Net interest income 18,651 4,322 1,961 3,395 3,205 3,782 1,985

Provision for loan and lease losses 834 173 75 132 156 200 98

Total noninterest income 5,193 1,034 487 1,341 909 998 425

Total noninterest expense 15,666 3,681 1,704 3,010 2,625 3,165 1,481

Securities gains (losses) 202 123 15 19 26 18 1

Applicable income taxes 1,172 329 77 268 167 157 174

Extraordinary gains, net** 11 3 0 0 1 7 0

Total net income (includes minority interests) 6,385 1,298 607 1,346 1,193 1,282 659

 Bank net income 6,383 1,298 607 1,345 1,193 1,282 659

Net charge-offs 703 136 53 117 143 190 64

Cash dividends 4,218 696 419 1,067 711 952 374

Retained earnings 2,165 601 188 278 482 329 285

Net operating income 6,206 1,195 594 1,329 1,170 1,260 659

* See Table V-A for explanation.

** See Notes to Users for explanation.
QUARTERLY BANKING PROFILE

FDIC QUARTERLY 21

Table IV-B. Fourth Quarter 2019, FDIC-Insured Community Banks

Performance ratios (annualized, %)

All Community Banks Fourth Quarter 2019, Geographic Regions*

 4th Quarter 

2019

3rd Quarter 

2019 New York Atlanta Chicago Kansas City Dallas San Francisco

Yield on earning assets 4.55 4.67 4.32 4.60 4.47 4.68 4.79 4.58

Cost of funding earning assets 0.93 0.98 1.07 0.87 0.89 0.97 0.87 0.69

Net interest margin 3.62 3.69 3.24 3.73 3.58 3.71 3.91 3.89

Noninterest income to assets 0.94 0.92 0.73 0.86 1.32 0.98 0.96 0.77

Noninterest expense to assets 2.83 2.74 2.58 3.01 2.96 2.83 3.04 2.69

Loan and lease loss provision to assets 0.15 0.14 0.12 0.13 0.13 0.17 0.19 0.18

Net operating income to assets 1.12 1.23 0.84 1.05 1.31 1.26 1.21 1.20

Pretax return on assets 1.37 1.51 1.14 1.21 1.59 1.47 1.38 1.51

Return on assets 1.15 1.25 0.91 1.07 1.32 1.29 1.23 1.20

Return on equity 9.79 10.62 7.74 9.13 11.15 11.09 10.45 9.84

Net charge-offs to loans and leases 0.18 0.15 0.13 0.14 0.16 0.21 0.27 0.17

Loan and lease loss provision to net charge-offs 118.65 134.51 127.38 142.10 112.37 109.12 105.25 153.55

Efficiency ratio 65.29 62.52 68.40 68.94 63.07 63.34 65.90 61.16

Net interest income to operating revenue 78.22 78.86 80.70 80.11 71.69 77.91 79.13 82.36

% of unprofitable institutions 7.66 4.45 8.15 11.15 7.33 6.36 7.11 9.22

% of institutions with earnings gains 54.19 62.01 51.67 55.76 54.38 55.57 54.50 48.12

Table V-B. Full Year 2019, FDIC-Insured Community Banks

Performance ratios (%)

All Community Banks Full Year 2019, Geographic Regions*

Full Year

 2019

Full Year

 2018 New York Atlanta Chicago Kansas City Dallas San Francisco

Yield on earning assets 4.61 4.43 4.39 4.69 4.53 4.70 4.83 4.66

Cost of funding earning assets 0.94 0.71 1.10 0.88 0.90 0.98 0.89 0.72

Net interest margin 3.67 3.72 3.30 3.81 3.62 3.72 3.94 3.94

Noninterest income to assets 0.88 0.84 0.67 0.83 1.19 0.89 0.95 0.74

Noninterest expense to assets 2.77 2.75 2.51 2.97 2.89 2.73 2.99 2.65

Loan and lease loss provision to assets 0.13 0.13 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.15 0.16 0.15

Net operating income to assets 1.16 1.19 0.89 1.07 1.30 1.30 1.28 1.26

Pretax return on assets 1.44 1.42 1.23 1.32 1.60 1.51 1.47 1.60

Return on assets 1.20 1.19 0.97 1.10 1.33 1.32 1.30 1.26

Return on equity 10.27 10.58 8.26 9.47 11.38 11.48 11.21 10.49

Net charge-offs to loans and leases 0.13 0.13 0.11 0.10 0.10 0.15 0.18 0.16

Loan and lease loss provision to net charge-offs 143.40 151.09 137.49 158.68 149.95 145.99 139.79 139.89

Efficiency ratio 64.06 63.64 66.47 67.42 62.86 62.00 64.62 60.02

Net interest income to operating revenue 79.53 80.49 82.20 80.95 73.86 79.60 79.40 83.26

% of unprofitable institutions 3.81 3.63 5.19 5.58 4.10 2.59 2.75 6.14

% of institutions with earnings gains 64.00 78.57 60.74 64.68 65.90 61.70 65.40 66.89

* See Table V-A for explanation.
2 0 2 0  •  Volume 1 4 • Number 1

22 FDIC QUARTERLY

Table VI-B. Loan Performance, FDIC-Insured Community Banks

December 31, 2019

Geographic Regions*

All Community Banks New York Atlanta Chicago Kansas City Dallas San Francisco

Percent of Loans 30-89 Days Past Due

All loans secured by real estate 0.52 0.43 0.64 0.58 0.49 0.69 0.26

Construction and development 0.40 0.22 0.42 0.41 0.52 0.53 0.30

Nonfarm nonresidential 0.32 0.28 0.35 0.38 0.28 0.43 0.20

Multifamily residential real estate 0.20 0.16 0.27 0.22 0.39 0.19 0.07

Home equity loans 0.48 0.50 0.52 0.55 0.37 0.50 0.30

Other 1-4 family residential 0.85 0.67 1.21 0.99 0.74 1.15 0.40

Commercial and industrial loans 0.50 0.30 0.75 0.45 0.54 0.63 0.53

Loans to individuals 1.54 1.61 1.69 0.93 1.09 2.50 1.29

Credit card loans 2.47 2.87 1.49 0.97 3.76 1.40 2.00

Other loans to individuals 1.51 1.58 1.69 0.93 0.94 2.52 1.24

All other loans and leases (including farm) 0.49 0.25 0.26 0.40 0.60 0.54 0.57

Total loans and leases 0.55 0.45 0.68 0.57 0.54 0.75 0.35

Percent of Loans Noncurrent**

All loans secured by real estate 0.74 0.74 0.76 0.82 0.70 0.86 0.39

Construction and development 0.61 0.60 0.63 0.66 0.67 0.54 0.66

Nonfarm nonresidential 0.61 0.64 0.61 0.73 0.60 0.69 0.29

Multifamily residential real estate 0.23 0.20 0.35 0.43 0.15 0.21 0.04

Home equity loans 0.49 0.58 0.46 0.44 0.29 0.47 0.58

Other 1-4 family residential 0.94 1.04 0.96 0.96 0.59 1.15 0.43

Commercial and industrial loans 0.87 0.83 0.70 0.87 0.84 1.05 0.83

Loans to individuals 0.56 0.41 0.64 0.34 0.44 1.11 0.43

Credit card loans 1.19 1.26 0.42 0.59 1.77 0.55 1.21

Other loans to individuals 0.54 0.39 0.64 0.33 0.37 1.12 0.37

All other loans and leases (including farm) 0.84 0.20 0.80 0.67 0.94 1.27 0.85

Total loans and leases 0.75 0.73 0.75 0.80 0.74 0.92 0.48

Percent of Loans Charged-Off (net, YTD)

All loans secured by real estate 0.04 0.05 0.02 0.04 0.05 0.05 -0.01

Construction and development 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.04 0.02 -0.10

Nonfarm nonresidential 0.05 0.06 0.03 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.01

Multifamily residential real estate 0.00 0.01 -0.08 0.01 0.03 0.02 0.00

Home equity loans 0.03 0.05 0.01 0.05 0.03 0.05 -0.02

Other 1-4 family residential 0.04 0.05 0.03 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.00

Commercial and industrial loans 0.36 0.30 0.30 0.27 0.33 0.46 0.64

Loans to individuals 0.92 0.92 0.99 0.41 1.13 1.07 1.24

Credit card loans 6.25 3.62 4.92 1.91 14.63 1.68 2.91

Other loans to individuals 0.75 0.85 0.90 0.38 0.37 1.06 1.11

All other loans and leases (including farm) 0.22 0.11 0.21 0.23 0.15 0.35 0.40

Total loans and leases 0.13 0.11 0.10 0.10 0.15 0.18 0.16

Loans Outstanding (in billions)

All loans secured by real estate $1,206.8 $355.7 $125.7 $214.9 $181.9 $211.2 $117.5

Construction and development 113.2 25.3 14.1 17.6 16.1 29.8 10.3

Nonfarm nonresidential 474.6 129.4 56.3 82.1 61.7 86.8 58.3

Multifamily residential real estate 102.1 46.9 6.1 18.7 11.1 7.5 11.9

Home equity loans 46.5 14.4 6.1 10.0 5.1 5.0 5.9

Other 1-4 family residential 393.2 137.3 38.7 68.6 53.6 67.9 27.0

Commercial and industrial loans 212.8 50.4 19.4 42.5 38.4 41.0 21.1

Loans to individuals 66.1 17.0 6.2 12.7 11.1 12.8 6.4

Credit card loans 2.2 0.5 0.1 0.3 0.6 0.2 0.5

Other loans to individuals 63.9 16.5 6.1 12.4 10.5 12.5 5.9

All other loans and leases (including farm) 93.1 11.7 4.6 17.8 36.1 15.6 7.3

Total loans and leases 1,578.9 434.8 155.9 287.9 267.5 280.5 152.3

Memo: Unfunded Commitments (in millions)

Total Unfunded Commitments 313,819 82,897 27,657 57,224 56,055 52,845 37,141

Construction and development: 1-4 family residential 25,458 5,098 3,611 2,999 3,425 7,554 2,770

Construction and development: CRE and other 66,520 20,143 6,538 10,959 9,009 13,194 6,678

Commercial and industrial 101,948 26,811 7,531 21,331 17,333 16,975 11,966

* See Table V-A for explanation.

** Noncurrent loan rates represent the percentage of loans in each category that are past due 90 days or more or that are in nonaccrual status.
QUARTERLY BANKING PROFILE

FDIC QUARTERLY 23

Insurance Fund Indicators

Deposit Insurance Fund Increases by $1.4 Billion

DIF Reserve Ratio Is Unchanged at 1.41 Percent

Three Institutions Failed During the Fourth Quarter 

Small Bank Credits Will Be Applied to Fourth Quarter Assessments

During the fourth quarter, the Deposit Insurance Fund (DIF) balance increased by $1.4 billion 

to $110.3 billion. Assessment income of $1.3 billion and interest earned on investments of 

$531 million were the largest drivers of the increase. A negative provision for insurance 

losses of $88 million and other miscellaneous income of $21 million also added to the fund 

balance. Operating expenses of $460 million partially offset the increase in the fund balance. 

Three insured institutions failed in the fourth quarter; for all of 2019, there were four failures 

of insured institutions, with combined assets of $209 million. 

The deposit insurance assessment base—average consolidated total assets minus average 

tangible equity—increased by 1.6 percent in the fourth quarter and by 4.6 percent over 

12 months.1,2 Total estimated insured deposits increased by 1.0 percent in the fourth quarter 

of 2019 and by 3.9 percent year over year. 

The DIF’s reserve ratio (the fund balance as a percent of estimated insured deposits) was 

1.41 percent on December 31, 2019, unchanged from the previous quarter. The reserve ratio 

increased by 5 basis points from one year earlier.

Small banks earned a total of $765 million in credits for the portion of their assessments 

that contributed to growth in the reserve ratio from 1.15 percent to 1.35 percent. The credits 

are automatically applied to offset the assessments of small banks when the reserve ratio 

is at least 1.35 percent.3 A total of $703 million in credits, including estimated credits of 

$144 million for the fourth quarter, were applied in 2019.

Author:

Kevin Brown

Senior Financial Analyst

Division of Insurance and Research

1 There are additional adjustments to the assessment base for banker’s banks and custodial banks.

2 Figures for estimated insured deposits and the assessment base include insured branches of foreign banks, in addition to insured 

commercial banks and savings institutions.

3 In November 2019, the FDIC Board of Directors authorized a rule change that would require the FDIC to apply the small bank 

credits in any assessment quarter in which the reserve ratio is at least 1.35 percent.
2 0 2 0  •  Volume 1 4 • Number 1

24 FDIC QUARTERLY

DIF Reserve Ratios

Percent of Insured Deposits

1.30 1.30 1.33 1.36 1.36 1.36

1.20 1.20 1.24 1.27

1.40 1.41 1.41

12/16 3/17 6/17 9/17 12/17 3/18 6/18 9/18 12/18 3/19 6/19 9/19 12/19

Table I-C. Insurance Fund Balances and Selected Indicators

(dollar figures in millions)

Deposit Insurance Fund*

4th 

Quarter 

2019

3rd 

Quarter 

2019

2nd 

Quarter 

2019

1st 

Quarter 

2019

4th 

Quarter 

2018

3rd 

Quarter 

2018

2nd 

Quarter 

2018

1st 

Quarter 

2018

4th 

Quarter 

2017

3rd 

Quarter 

2017

2nd 

Quarter 

2017

1st 

Quarter 

2017

4th 

Quarter 

2016

Beginning Fund Balance $108,940 $107,446 $104,870 $102,609 $100,204 $97,588 $95,072 $92,747 $90,506 $87,588 $84,928 $83,162 $80,704

Changes in Fund Balance:

Assessments earned 1,272 1,111 1,187 1,369 1,351 2,728 2,598 2,850 2,656 2,568 2,634 2,737 2,688

Interest earned on 

investment securities 531 544 535 507 481 433 381 338 305 274 251 227 189

Realized gain on sale of

investments 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Operating expenses 460 443 459 434 453 434 445 433 443 404 450 442 437

Provision for insurance 

losses -88 -192 -610 -396 -236 -121 -141 -65 -203 -512 -233 765 -332

All other income, 

net of expenses 21 4 9 2 2 2 3 1 3 1 4 2 3

Unrealized gain/(loss) on 

available-for-sale 

securities** -45 86 694 421 788 -234 -162 -496 -481 -33 -12 7 -317

Total fund balance change 1,407 1,494 2,576 2,261 2,405 2,616 2,516 2,325 2,242 2,918 2,660 1,766 2,457

Ending Fund Balance 110,347 108,940 107,446 104,870 102,609 100,204 97,588 95,072 92,747 90,506 87,588 84,928 83,162

Percent change from 

 four quarters earlier 7.54 8.72 10.10 10.31 10.63 10.72 11.42 11.95 11.53 12.14 12.42 13.06 14.55

Reserve Ratio (%) 1.41 1.41 1.40 1.36 1.36 1.36 1.33 1.30 1.30 1.27 1.24 1.20 1.20

Estimated Insured 

Deposits 7,817,638 7,737,740 7,692,848 7,699,601 7,525,393 7,377,158 7,355,373 7,334,658 7,156,067 7,101,090 7,049,332 7,081,096 6,917,200

Percent change from 

 four quarters earlier 3.88 4.89 4.59 4.98 5.16 3.89 4.34 3.58 3.45 4.19 5.65 6.32 6.11

Domestic Deposits 13,262,210 13,020,233 12,788,773 12,725,363 12,659,395 12,367,954 12,280,904 12,305,817 12,129,503 11,966,478 11,827,933 11,856,691 11,693,371

Percent change from 

 four quarters earlier 4.76 5.27 4.14 3.41 4.37 3.36 3.83 3.79 3.73 3.99 5.20 6.28 6.76

Assessment Base*** 16,156,084 15,904,379 15,684,008 15,561,853 15,452,213 15,229,514 15,113,650 15,068,924 15,001,396 14,834,129 14,702,870 14,620,756 14,563,011

Percent change from 

 four quarters earlier 4.56 4.43 3.77 3.27 3.01 2.67 2.79 3.07 3.01 3.14 3.60 4.48 5.28 `

Number of Institutions 

Reporting 5,186 5,267 5,312 5,371 5,415 5,486 5,551 5,616 5,679 5,747 5,796 5,865 5,922

Deposit Insurance Fund Balance 

and Insured Deposits

($ Millions)

DIF 

Balance

DIF-Insured 

Deposits

12/16 $83,162 $6,917,200

3/17 84,928 7,081,096

6/17 87,588 7,049,332

9/17 90,506 7,101,090

12/17 92,747 7,156,067

3/18 95,072 7,334,658

6/18 97,588 7,355,373

9/18 100,204 7,377,158

12/18 102,609 7,525,393

3/19 104,870 7,699,601

6/19 107,446 7,692,848

9/19 108,940 7,737,740

12/19 110,347 7,817,638

Table II-C. Problem Institutions and Failed Institutions

(dollar figures in millions) 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013

Problem Institutions

Number of institutions 51 60 95 123 183 291 467

Total assets $46,190 $48,489 $13,939 $27,624 $46,780 $86,712 $152,687

Failed Institutions

Number of institutions 4 0 8 5 8 18 24

Total assets**** $209 $0 $5,082 $277 $6,706 $2,914 $6,044

* Quarterly financial statement results are unaudited.

** Includes unrealized postretirement benefit gain (loss).

*** Average consolidated total assets minus tangible equity, with adjustments for banker’s banks and custodial banks.

**** Total assets are based on final Call Reports submitted by failed institutions.
QUARTERLY BANKING PROFILE

FDIC QUARTERLY 25

Table III-C. Estimated FDIC-Insured Deposits by Type of Institution

(dollar figures in millions)

December 31, 2019

Number of 

Institutions

Total 

Assets

Domestic 

Deposits*

Est. Insured 

Deposits

Commercial Banks and Savings Institutions

FDIC-Insured Commercial Banks 4,518 $17,491,476 $12,298,958 $7,028,840

 FDIC-Supervised 3,013 3,042,790 2,405,272 1,588,375

 OCC-Supervised 787 11,832,793 8,064,932 4,476,034

 Federal Reserve-Supervised 718 2,615,894 1,828,755 964,431

FDIC-Insured Savings Institutions 659 1,153,872 921,010 752,481

 OCC-Supervised 299 779,581 636,586 527,660

 FDIC-Supervised 325 347,804 262,771 207,192

 Federal Reserve-Supervised 35 26,486 21,653 17,629

Total Commercial Banks and Savings Institutions 5,177 18,645,348 13,219,968 7,781,321

Other FDIC-Insured Institutions

U.S. Branches of Foreign Banks 9 89,613 42,242 36,317

Total FDIC-Insured Institutions 5,186 18,734,961 13,262,210 7,817,638

* Excludes $1.3 trillion in foreign office deposits, which are not FDIC insured.

Table IV-C. Distribution of Institutions and Assessment Base by Assessment Rate Range

Quarter Ending September 30, 2019 (dollar figures in billions)

Annual Rate in Basis Points*

Number of 

Institutions

Percent of Total 

Institutions

Amount of 

Assessment Base**

Percent of Total 

Assessment Base

1.50 - 3.00 3,382 64.21 $8,171.0 51.38

3.01 - 6.00 1,348 25.59 6,729.5 42.31

6.01 - 10.00 414 7.86 863.9 5.43

10.01 - 15.00 58 1.10 110.5 0.70

15.01 - 20.00 54 1.03 15.6 0.10

20.01 - 25.00 3 0.06 1.1 0.01

> 25.00 8 0.15 12.7 0.08

* Assessment rates do not incorporate temporary surcharges on large banks.

** Beginning in the second quarter of 2011, the assessment base was changed to average consolidated total assets minus tangible equity, as required by the Dodd-Frank Act.
2 0 2 0  •  Volume 1 4 • Number 1

26 FDIC QUARTERLY

Notes to Users

This publication contains financial data and other information for 

depository institutions insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance 

Corporation (FDIC). These notes are an integral part of this publication and provide information regarding the comparability of source 

data and reporting differences over time.

Tables I-A through VIII-A.

The information presented in Tables I-A through VIII-A of the 

FDIC Quarterly Banking Profile is aggregated for all FDIC-insured 

Call Report filers, both commercial banks and savings institutions. 

Some tables are arrayed by groups of FDIC-insured institutions 

based on predominant types of asset concentration, while other tables 

aggregate institutions by asset size and geographic region. Quarterly 

and full-year data are provided for selected indicators, including 

aggregate condition and income data, performance ratios, condition 

ratios, and structural changes, as well as past due, noncurrent, and 

charge-off information for loans outstanding and other assets.

Tables I-B through VI-B.

The information presented in Tables I-B through VI-B is aggregated 

for all FDIC-insured commercial banks and savings institutions 

meeting the criteria for community banks that were developed for 

the FDIC’s Community Banking Study, published in December, 2012: 

http://www.fdic.gov/regulations/resources/cbi/report/cbi-full.pdf.

The determination of which insured institutions are considered 

community banks is based on five steps.

The first step in defining a community bank is to aggregate all 

charter-level data reported under each holding company into 

a single banking organization. This aggregation applies both to 

balance-sheet measures and the number and location of banking 

offices. Under the FDIC definition, if the banking organization is 

designated as a community bank, every charter reporting under that 

organization is also considered a community bank when working 

with data at the charter level.

The second step is to exclude any banking organization where more 

than 50 percent of total assets are held in certain specialty banking 

charters, including: credit card specialists, consumer nonbank banks, 

industrial loan companies, trust companies, bankers’ banks, and banks 

holding 10 percent or more of total assets in foreign offices.

Once the specialty organizations are removed, the third step involves 

including organizations that engage in basic banking activities as 

measured by the total loans-to-assets ratio (greater than 33 percent) 

and the ratio of core deposits to assets (greater than 50 percent). Core 

deposits are defined as non-brokered deposits in domestic offices. 

Analysis of the underlying data shows that these thresholds establish 

meaningful levels of basic lending and deposit gathering and still 

allow for a degree of diversity in how individual banks construct their 

balance sheets.

The fourth step includes organizations that operate within a limited geographic scope. This limitation of scope is used as a proxy 

measure for a bank’s relationship approach to banking. Banks that 

operate within a limited market area have more ease in managing 

relationships at a personal level. Under this step, four criteria are 

applied to each banking organization. They include both a minimum and maximum number of total banking offices, a maximum 

level of deposits for any one office, and location-based criteria. 

The limits on the number of and deposits per office are adjusted 

upward quarterly. For banking offices, banks must have more than 

one office, and the maximum number of offices is 40 in 1985 and 

reached 87 in 2016. The maximum level of deposits for any one 

office is $1.25 billion in deposits in 1985 and reached $6.97 billion 

in deposits in 2016. The remaining geographic limitations are also 

based on maximums for the number of states (fixed at 3) and large 

metropolitan areas (fixed at 2) in which the organization maintains 

offices. Branch office data are based on the most recent data from 

the annual June 30 Summary of Deposits Survey that are available at 

the time of publication. 

Finally, the definition establishes an asset-size limit, also adjusted 

upward quarterly and below which the limits on banking activities 

and geographic scope are waived. The asset-size limit is $250 million 

in 1985 and reached $1.39 billion in 2016. This final step acknowledges the fact that most of those small banks that are not excluded 

as specialty banks meet the requirements for banking activities and 

geographic limits in any event.

Summary of FDIC Research Definition of Community 

Banking Organizations

Community banks are designated at the level of the banking 

organization.

(All charters under designated holding companies are considered 

community banking charters.)

Exclude: Any organization with:

— No loans or no core deposits

— Foreign Assets ≥ 10% of total assets

— More than 50% of assets in certain specialty banks, including:

• credit card specialists

• consumer nonbank banks1

• industrial loan companies

• trust companies

• bankers’ banks

Include: All remaining banking organizations with:

— Total assets < indexed size threshold 

2

— Total assets ≥ indexed size threshold, where:

• Loan to assets > 33%

• Core deposits to assets > 50%

• More than 1 office but no more than the indexed maximum 

number of offices.3

• Number of large MSAs with offices ≤ 2

• Number of states with offices ≤ 3

• No single office with deposits > indexed maximum branch 

deposit size.4

Tables I-C through IV-C.

A separate set of tables (Tables I-C through IV-C) provides comparative quarterly data related to the Deposit Insurance Fund (DIF), 

problem institutions, failed institutions, estimated FDIC-insured 

deposits, as well as assessment rate information. Depository insti1 Consumer nonbank banks are financial institutions with limited charters that can 

make commercial loans or take deposits, but not both.

2 Asset size threshold indexed to equal $250 million in 1985 and $1.39 billion in 2016.

3 Maximum number of offices indexed to equal 40 in 1985 and 87 in 2016.

4 Maximum branch deposit size indexed to equal $1.25 billion in 1985 and $6.97 billion 

in 2016.
QUARTERLY BANKING PROFILE

FDIC QUARTERLY 27

tutions that are not insured by the FDIC through the DIF are not 

included in the FDIC Quarterly Banking Profile. U.S. branches of 

institutions headquartered in foreign countries and non-deposit trust 

companies are not included unless otherwise indicated. Efforts are 

made to obtain financial reports for all active institutions. However, 

in some cases, final financial reports are not available for institutions 

that have closed or converted their charters.

DATA SOURCES

The financial information appearing in this publication is obtained 

primarily from the Federal Financial Institutions Examination 

Council (FFIEC) Consolidated Reports of Condition and Income 

(Call Reports) and the OTS Thrift Financial Reports (TFR) submitted 

by all FDIC-insured depository institutions. (TFR filers began filing 

Call Reports effective with the quarter ending March 31, 2012.) This 

information is stored on and retrieved from the FDIC’s Research 

Information System (RIS) database.

COMPUTATION METHODOLOGY

Parent institutions are required to file consolidated reports, while 

their subsidiary financial institutions are still required to file separate reports. Data from subsidiary institution reports are included 

in the Quarterly Banking Profile tables, which can lead to doublecounting. No adjustments are made for any double-counting of subsidiary data. Additionally, certain adjustments are made to the OTS 

Thrift Financial Reports to provide closer conformance with the 

reporting and accounting requirements of the FFIEC Call Reports.

(TFR filers began filing Call Reports effective with the quarter 

ending March 31, 2012.)

All condition and performance ratios represent weighted averages, 

which is the sum of the individual numerator values divided by the 

sum of individual denominator values. All asset and liability figures 

used in calculating performance ratios represent average amounts for 

the period (beginning-of-period amount plus end-of-period amount 

plus any interim periods, divided by the total number of periods). For 

“pooling-of-interest” mergers, the assets of the acquired institution(s) 

are included in average assets, since the year-to-date income includes 

the results of all merged institutions. No adjustments are made for 

“purchase accounting” mergers. Growth rates represent the percentage change over a 12-month period in totals for institutions in the 

base period to totals for institutions in the current period. For the 

community bank subgroup, growth rates will reflect changes over 

time in the number and identities of institutions designated as community banks, as well as changes in the assets and liabilities, and 

income and expenses of group members. Unless indicated otherwise, 

growth rates are not adjusted for mergers or other changes in the 

composition of the community bank subgroup. When community 

bank growth rates are adjusted for mergers, prior period balances 

used in the calculations represent totals for the current group of community bank reporters, plus prior period amounts for any institutions 

that were subsequently merged into current community banks.

All data are collected and presented based on the location of each 

reporting institution’s main office. Reported data may include assets 

and liabilities located outside of the reporting institution’s home 

state. In addition, institutions may relocate across state lines or 

change their charters, resulting in an inter-regional or inter-industry 

migration; institutions can move their home offices between regions, 

savings institutions can convert to commercial banks, or commercial 

banks may convert to savings institutions.

ACCOUNTING CHANGES

Financial accounting pronouncements by the Financial Accounting 

Standards Board (FASB) can result in changes in an individual 

bank’s accounting policies and in the Call Reports they submit. Such 

accounting changes can affect the aggregate amounts presented in the 

QBP for the current period and the period-to-period comparability of 

such financial data. 

The current quarter’s Financial Institution Letter (FIL) and related 

Call Report supplemental instructions can provide additional explanation to the QBP reader beyond any material accounting changes 

discussed in the QBP analysis.

https://www.fdic.gov/news/news/financial/2020/fil20001.html

https://www.fdic.gov/news/news/financial/2020/fil20001.pdf

https://www.fdic.gov/regulations/resources/call/call.html

Further information on changes in financial statement presentation, 

income recognition and disclosure is available from the FASB. http://

www.fasb.org/jsp/FASB/Page/LandingPage&cid=1175805317350.

DEFINITIONS (in alphabetical order)

All other assets – total cash, balances due from depository institutions, premises, fixed assets, direct investments in real estate, 

investment in unconsolidated subsidiaries, customers’ liability on 

acceptances outstanding, assets held in trading accounts, federal 

funds sold, securities purchased with agreements to resell, fair market value of derivatives, prepaid deposit insurance assessments, and 

other assets.

All other liabilities – bank’s liability on acceptances, limited-life preferred stock, allowance for estimated off-balance-sheet credit losses, 

fair market value of derivatives, and other liabilities.

Assessment base – effective April 1, 2011, the deposit insurance 

assessment base changed to “average consolidated total assets minus 

average tangible equity” with an additional adjustment to the assessment base for banker’s banks and custodial banks, as permitted under 

Dodd-Frank. Previously the assessment base was “assessable deposits” and consisted of deposits in banks’ domestic offices with certain 

adjustments.

Assessment rate schedule – Initial base assessment rates for small 

institutions are based on a combination of financial ratios and 

CAMELS component ratings. Initial rates for large institutions—

generally those with at least $10 billion in assets—are also based 

on CAMELS component ratings and certain financial measures 

combined into two scorecards—one for most large institutions and 

another for the remaining very large institutions that are structurally 

and operationally complex or that pose unique challenges and risks 

in case of failure (highly complex institutions). The FDIC may take 

additional information into account to make a limited adjustment to 

a large institution’s scorecard results, which are used to determine a 

large institution’s initial base assessment rate.

While risk categories for small institutions (except new institutions) were eliminated effective July 1, 2016, initial rates for small 

institutions are subject to minimums and maximums based on an 

institution’s CAMELS composite rating. (Risk categories for large 

institutions were eliminated in 2011.)

The current assessment rate schedule became effective July 1, 2016. 

Under the current schedule, initial base assessment rates range 

from 3 to 30 basis points. An institution’s total base assessment rate 
2 0 2 0  •  Volume 1 4 • Number 1

28 FDIC QUARTERLY

may differ from its initial rate due to three possible adjustments: 

(1) Unsecured Debt Adjustment: An institution’s rate may decrease 

by up to 5 basis points for unsecured debt. The unsecured debt 

adjustment cannot exceed the lesser of 5 basis points or 50 percent 

of an institution’s initial base assessment rate (IBAR). Thus, for 

example, an institution with an IBAR of 3 basis points would have a 

maximum unsecured debt adjustment of 1.5 basis points and could 

not have a total base assessment rate lower than 1.5 basis points. 

(2) Depository Institution Debt Adjustment: For institutions that 

hold long-term unsecured debt issued by another insured depository institution, a 50 basis point charge is applied to the amount of 

such debt held in excess of 3 percent of an institution’s Tier 1 capital. 

(3) Brokered Deposit Adjustment: Rates for large institutions that are 

not well capitalized or do not have a composite CAMELS rating of 

1 or 2 may increase (not to exceed 10 basis points) if their brokered 

deposits exceed 10 percent of domestic deposits.

The assessment rate schedule effective July 1, 2016, is shown in the 

following table:

Total Base Assessment Rates*

Established Small Banks Large and 

Highly 

Complex 

Institutions**

CAMELS Composite

1 or 2 3 4 or 5

Initial Base 

Assessment Rate 3 to 16 6 to 30 16 to 30 3 to 30

Unsecured Debt 

Adjustment -5 to 0 -5 to 0 -5 to 0 -5 to 0

Brokered Deposit 

Adjustment N/A N/A N/A 0 to 10

Total Base 

Assessment Rate 1.5 to 16 3 to 30 11 to 30 1.5 to 40

* All amounts for all categories are in basis points annually. Total base rates that 

are not the minimum or maximum rate will vary between these rates. Total base 

assessment rates do not include the depository institution debt adjustment.

 ** Effective July 1, 2016, large institutions are also subject to temporary 

assessment surcharges in order to raise the reserve ratio from 1.15 percent to 

1.35  percent. The surcharges amount to 4.5 basis points of a large institution’s 

assessment base (after making certain adjustments).

Each institution is assigned a risk-based rate for a quarterly assessment period near the end of the quarter following the assessment 

period. Payment is generally due on the 30th day of the last month 

of the quarter following the assessment period. Supervisory rating 

changes are effective for assessment purposes as of the examination 

transmittal date.

Assets securitized and sold – total outstanding principal balance 

of assets securitized and sold with servicing retained or other sellerprovided credit enhancements.

Capital Purchase Program (CPP) – as announced in October 2008 

under the TARP, the Treasury Department purchase of noncumulative perpetual preferred stock and related warrants that is treated as 

Tier 1 capital for regulatory capital purposes is included in “Total 

equity capital.” Such warrants to purchase common stock or noncumulative preferred stock issued by publicly-traded banks are 

reflected as well in “Surplus.” Warrants to purchase common stock or 

noncumulative preferred stock of not-publicly-traded bank stock are 

classified in a bank’s balance sheet as “Other liabilities.”

Common equity Tier 1 capital ratio – ratio of common equity 

Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets. Common equity Tier 1 capital 

includes common stock instruments and related surplus, retained 

earnings, accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI), and 

limited amounts of common equity Tier 1 minority interest, minus 

applicable regulatory adjustments and deductions. Items that are fully 

deducted from common equity Tier 1 capital include goodwill, other 

intangible assets (excluding mortgage servicing assets) and certain 

deferred tax assets; items that are subject to limits in common equity 

Tier 1 capital include mortgage servicing assets, eligible deferred tax 

assets, and certain significant investments.

Construction and development loans – includes loans for all 

property types under construction, as well as loans for land acquisition and development.

Core capital – common equity capital plus noncumulative perpetual 

preferred stock plus minority interest in consolidated subsidiaries, 

less goodwill and other ineligible intangible assets. The amount of 

eligible intangibles (including servicing rights) included in core capital is limited in accordance with supervisory capital regulations.

Cost of funding earning assets – total interest expense paid on 

deposits and other borrowed money as a percentage of average 

earning assets.

Credit enhancements – techniques whereby a company attempts to 

reduce the credit risk of its obligations. Credit enhancement may be 

provided by a third party (external credit enhancement) or by the 

originator (internal credit enhancement), and more than one type of 

enhancement may be associated with a given issuance.

Deposit Insurance Fund (DIF) – the Bank (BIF) and Savings 

Association (SAIF) Insurance Funds were merged in 2006 by the 

Federal Deposit Insurance Reform Act to form the DIF.

Derivatives notional amount – the notional, or contractual, amounts 

of derivatives represent the level of involvement in the types of 

derivatives transactions and are not a quantification of market risk or 

credit risk. Notional amounts represent the amounts used to calculate 

contractual cash flows to be exchanged.

Derivatives credit equivalent amount – the fair value of the derivative plus an additional amount for potential future credit exposure 

based on the notional amount, the remaining maturity and type of 

the contract.

Derivatives transaction types:

Futures and forward contracts – contracts in which the buyer 

agrees to purchase and the seller agrees to sell, at a specified future 

date, a specific quantity of an underlying variable or index at a 

specified price or yield. These contracts exist for a variety of variables or indices, (traditional agricultural or physical commodities, 

as well as currencies and interest rates). Futures contracts are 

standardized and are traded on organized exchanges which set 

limits on counterparty credit exposure. Forward contracts do not 

have standardized terms and are traded over the counter.

Option contracts – contracts in which the buyer acquires the right 

to buy from or sell to another party some specified amount of an 

underlying variable or index at a stated price (strike price) during 

a period or on a specified future date, in return for compensation 

(such as a fee or premium). The seller is obligated to purchase or 

sell the variable or index at the discretion of the buyer of the 

contract.

Swaps – obligations between two parties to exchange a series of 

cash flows at periodic intervals (settlement dates), for a specified 

period. The cash flows of a swap are either fixed, or determined 

for each settlement date by multiplying the quantity (notional 

principal) of the underlying variable or index by specified reference rates or prices. Except for currency swaps, the notional principal is used to calculate each payment but is not exchanged.
QUARTERLY BANKING PROFILE

FDIC QUARTERLY 29

Derivatives underlying risk exposure – the potential exposure characterized by the level of banks’ concentration in particular underlying 

instruments, in general. Exposure can result from market risk, credit 

risk, and operational risk, as well as, interest rate risk.

Domestic deposits to total assets – total domestic office deposits as 

a percent of total assets on a consolidated basis.

Earning assets – all loans and other investments that earn interest or 

dividend income.

Efficiency ratio – Noninterest expense less amortization of intangible 

assets as a percent of net interest income plus noninterest income. 

This ratio measures the proportion of net operating revenues that 

are absorbed by overhead expenses, so that a lower value indicates 

greater efficiency.

Estimated insured deposits – in general, insured deposits are total 

domestic deposits minus estimated uninsured deposits. Beginning 

March 31, 2008, for institutions that file Call Reports, insured deposits are total assessable deposits minus estimated uninsured deposits. 

Beginning September 30, 2009, insured deposits include deposits in 

accounts of $100,000 to $250,000 that are covered by a temporary 

increase in the FDIC’s standard maximum deposit insurance amount 

(SMDIA). The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer 

Protection Act enacted on July 21, 2010, made permanent the standard maximum deposit insurance amount (SMDIA) of $250,000. 

Also, the Dodd-Frank Act amended the Federal Deposit Insurance 

Act to include noninterest-bearing transaction accounts as a new 

temporary deposit insurance account category. All funds held in 

noninterest-bearing transaction accounts were fully insured, without 

limit, from December 31, 2010, through December 31, 2012.

Failed/assisted institutions – an institution fails when regulators 

take control of the institution, placing the assets and liabilities into a 

bridge bank, conservatorship, receivership, or another healthy institution. This action may require the FDIC to provide funds to cover 

losses. An institution is defined as “assisted” when the institution 

remains open and receives assistance in order to continue operating.

Fair Value – the valuation of various assets and liabilities on the 

balance sheet—including trading assets and liabilities, available-forsale securities, loans held for sale, assets and liabilities accounted for 

under the fair value option, and foreclosed assets—involves the use 

of fair values. During periods of market stress, the fair values of some 

financial instruments and nonfinancial assets may decline.

FHLB advances – all borrowings by FDIC-insured institutions from 

the Federal Home Loan Bank System (FHLB), as reported by Call 

Report filers, and by TFR filers prior to March 31, 2012.

Goodwill and other intangibles – intangible assets include servicing 

rights, purchased credit card relationships, and other identifiable 

intangible assets. Goodwill is the excess of the purchase price over the 

fair market value of the net assets acquired, less subsequent impairment adjustments. Other intangible assets are recorded at fair value, 

less subsequent quarterly amortization and impairment adjustments.

Loans secured by real estate – includes home equity loans, junior 

liens secured by 1-4 family residential properties, and all other loans 

secured by real estate.

Loans to individuals – includes outstanding credit card balances and 

other secured and unsecured consumer loans.

Long-term assets (5+ years) – loans and debt securities with remaining maturities or repricing intervals of over five years.

Maximum credit exposure – the maximum contractual credit 

exposure remaining under recourse arrangements and other sellerprovided credit enhancements provided by the reporting bank to 

securitizations.

Mortgage-backed securities – certificates of participation in pools 

of residential mortgages and collateralized mortgage obligations 

issued or guaranteed by government-sponsored or private enterprises. Also, see “Securities,” below.

Net charge-offs – total loans and leases charged off (removed from 

balance sheet because of uncollectability), less amounts recovered on 

loans and leases previously charged off.

Net interest margin – the difference between interest and dividends 

earned on interest-bearing assets and interest paid to depositors and 

other creditors, expressed as a percentage of average earning assets. 

No adjustments are made for interest income that is tax exempt.

Net loans to total assets – loans and lease financing receivables, net 

of unearned income, allowance and reserves, as a percent of total 

assets on a consolidated basis.

Net operating income – income excluding discretionary transactions such as gains (or losses) on the sale of investment securities and 

extraordinary items. Income taxes subtracted from operating income 

have been adjusted to exclude the portion applicable to securities 

gains (or losses).

Noncurrent assets – the sum of loans, leases, debt securities, and 

other assets that are 90 days or more past due, or in nonaccrual status.

Noncurrent loans & leases – the sum of loans and leases 90 days or 

more past due, and loans and leases in nonaccrual status.

Number of institutions reporting – the number of institutions that 

actually filed a financial report.

New reporters – insured institutions filing quarterly financial reports 

for the first time.

Other borrowed funds – federal funds purchased, securities sold with 

agreements to repurchase, demand notes issued to the U.S. Treasury, 

FHLB advances, other borrowed money, mortgage indebtedness, 

obligations under capitalized leases and trading liabilities, less revaluation losses on assets held in trading accounts.

Other real estate owned – primarily foreclosed property. Direct and 

indirect investments in real estate ventures are excluded. The amount 

is reflected net of valuation allowances. For institutions that filed a 

Thrift Financial Report (TFR), the valuation allowance subtracted also 

includes allowances for other repossessed assets. Also, for TFR filers 

the components of other real estate owned are reported gross of valuation allowances. (TFR filers began filing Call Reports effective with 

the quarter ending March 31, 2012.)

Percent of institutions with earnings gains – the percent of institutions that increased their net income (or decreased their losses) compared to the same period a year earlier.

“Problem” institutions – federal regulators assign a composite rating 

to each financial institution, based upon an evaluation of financial 

and operational criteria. The rating is based on a scale of 1 to 5 in 

ascending order of supervisory concern. “Problem” institutions are 

those institutions with financial, operational, or managerial weaknesses that threaten their continued financial viability. Depending 

upon the degree of risk and supervisory concern, they are rated 

either a “4” or “5.” The number and assets of “problem” institutions 

are based on FDIC composite ratings. Prior to March 31, 2008, for 

institutions whose primary federal regulator was the OTS, the OTS 

composite rating was used.
2 0 2 0  •  Volume 1 4 • Number 1

30 FDIC QUARTERLY

Recourse – an arrangement in which a bank retains, in form or in 

substance, any credit risk directly or indirectly associated with an 

asset it has sold (in accordance with generally accepted accounting 

principles) that exceeds a pro rata share of the bank’s claim on the 

asset. If a bank has no claim on an asset it has sold, then the retention 

of any credit risk is recourse.

Reserves for losses – the allowance for loan and lease losses on a 

consolidated basis.

Restructured loans and leases – loan and lease financing receivables with terms restructured from the original contract. Excludes 

restructured loans and leases that are not in compliance with the 

modified terms.

Retained earnings – net income less cash dividends on common and 

preferred stock for the reporting period.

Return on assets – bank net income (including gains or losses on 

securities and extraordinary items) as a percentage of average total 

(consolidated) assets. The basic yardstick of bank profitability.

Return on equity – bank net income (including gains or losses on 

securities and extraordinary items) as a percentage of average total 

equity capital.

Risk-weighted assets – assets adjusted for risk-based capital definitions which include on-balance-sheet as well as off-balance-sheet 

items multiplied by risk-weights that range from zero to 200 percent. 

A conversion factor is used to assign a balance sheet equivalent 

amount for selected off-balance-sheet accounts.

Securities – excludes securities held in trading accounts. Banks’ securities portfolios consist of securities designated as “held-to-maturity” 

(reported at amortized cost (book value)), securities designated as 

“available-for-sale” (reported at fair (market) value), and equity 

securities with readily determinable fair values not held for trading.

Securities gains (losses) – realized gains (losses) on held-tomaturity and available-for-sale securities, before adjustments for 

income taxes. Thrift Financial Report (TFR) filers also include gains 

(losses) on the sales of assets held for sale. (TFR filers began filing 

Call Reports effective with the quarter ending March 31, 2012.)

Seller’s interest in institution’s own securitizations – the reporting 

bank’s ownership interest in loans and other assets that have been 

securitized, except an interest that is a form of recourse or other 

seller-provided credit enhancement. Seller’s interests differ from 

the securities issued to investors by the securitization structure. The 

principal amount of a seller’s interest is generally equal to the total 

principal amount of the pool of assets included in the securitization 

structure less the principal amount of those assets attributable to 

investors, i.e., in the form of securities issued to investors.

Small Business Lending Fund – The Small Business Lending Fund 

(SBLF) was enacted into law in September 2010 as part of the Small 

Business Jobs Act of 2010 to encourage lending to small businesses 

by providing capital to qualified community institutions with assets 

of less than $10 billion. The SBLF Program is administered by the 

U.S. Treasury Department (http://www.treasury.gov/resource-center/

sb-programs/Pages/Small-Business-Lending-Fund.aspx).

Under the SBLF Program, the Treasury Department purchased 

noncumulative perpetual preferred stock from qualifying depository 

institutions and holding companies (other than Subchapter S and 

mutual institutions). When this stock has been issued by a depository 

institution, it is reported as “Perpetual preferred stock and related 

surplus.” For regulatory capital purposes, this noncumulative 

perpetual preferred stock qualifies as a component of Tier 1 capital. 

Qualifying Subchapter S corporations and mutual institutions issue 

unsecured subordinated debentures to the Treasury Department 

through the SBLF. Depository institutions that issued these 

debentures report them as “Subordinated notes and debentures.” 

For regulatory capital purposes, the debentures are eligible for 

inclusion in an institution’s Tier 2 capital in accordance with their 

primary federal regulator’s capital standards. To participate in the 

SBLF Program, an institution with outstanding securities issued 

to the Treasury Department under the Capital Purchase Program 

(CPP) was required to refinance or repay in full the CPP securities 

at the time of the SBLF funding. Any outstanding warrants that an 

institution issued to the Treasury Department under the CPP remain 

outstanding after the refinancing of the CPP stock through the SBLF 

Program unless the institution chooses to repurchase them.

Subchapter S corporation – a Subchapter S corporation is treated 

as a pass-through entity, similar to a partnership, for federal income 

tax purposes. It is generally not subject to any federal income taxes at 

the corporate level. This can have the effect of reducing institutions’ 

reported taxes and increasing their after-tax earnings.

Trust assets – market value, or other reasonably available value of 

fiduciary and related assets, to include marketable securities, and 

other financial and physical assets. Common physical assets held in 

fiduciary accounts include real estate, equipment, collectibles, and 

household goods. Such fiduciary assets are not included in the assets 

of the financial institution.

Unearned income and contra accounts – unearned income for Call 

Report filers only.

Unused loan commitments – includes credit card lines, home equity 

lines, commitments to make loans for construction, loans secured 

by commercial real estate, and unused commitments to originate 

or purchase loans. (Excluded are commitments after June 2003 for 

originated mortgage loans held for sale, which are accounted for as 

derivatives on the balance sheet.)

Yield on earning assets – total interest, dividend, and fee income 

earned on loans and investments as a percentage of average 

earning assets.
FDIC QUARTERLY 31

Introduction In the 2019 Summary of Deposits (SOD) Survey, the banking industry reported an increase 

in deposits and a decrease in the number of branch offices, continuing recent trends (chart).1

This article describes deposit gathering and office closures shown in the 2019 SOD, which 

reports data as of June 30, 2019. For selected topics, comparative information about credit 

unions is included. This article also examines characteristics of the offices of operating 

banks that close versus those that are sold or leased, and of offices that close versus those 

that remain open following bank acquisitions.

The reduction in the number of bank offices occurred nationwide. The rate of decline was 

faster among offices located in metropolitan counties, limited-service offices, and offices 

with lower reported levels of deposits. Despite the general decline in the number of bank 

offices, the number of counties with a banking office has remained relatively stable over the 

past five years.

The rate of deposit growth increased for both community and noncommunity banks over 

the previous 12 months.2 Adjusting for mergers, the rate of deposit growth at community 

banks has exceeded that of noncommunity banks in each of the past three years. In comparisons based on asset size, medium-sized banks registered the highest merger-adjusted fiveyear average rate of annual deposit growth.3

 Moreover, the number of offices operated by 

medium-sized banks increased over the past five years, despite the decrease in the number 

of offices operated by the banking industry as a whole.

Deposits Increased While the Number of Oces Declined in Each of the Past Five Years

Source: FDIC Summary of Deposits, 2014 to 2019.

5.4

5.9

5.1

3.8 4.2

–1.5 –1.5

–2.2 –2.0 –1.9

Deposits Oces

2016 2017 2019

Percent Change From the Previous Year

–3

–2

–1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

2015 2018

2019 SUMMARY OF DEPOSITS HIGHLIGHTS

1 “Deposits” refers to deposits in domestic offices of FDIC-insured institutions—meaning branch offices located in the United 

States, U.S. territories, and possessions. U.S. offices of foreign institutions and their deposits are not included.

2 Community banks are identified using criteria in the FDIC Community Banking Study, December 2012, 

https://www.fdic.gov/regulations/resources/cbi/report/cbi-full.pdf. 3 For this article “medium-sized banks” refers to banks with total assets between $10 billion and $250 billion. “Small banks” have 

total assets less than $10 billion, and “large banks” have total assets greater than $250 billion.
2 0 2 0  •  Volume 1 4 • Number 1

32 FDIC QUARTERLY

The Number of Bank Offices 

Continues to Decline

The number of offices operated by FDIC-insured institutions has declined since June 2009. 

FDIC-insured institutions operated 86,364 offices in June 2019, which is 1,701 (1.9 percent) 

fewer offices than in June 2018. This rate of decline is slightly higher than the five-year average annual rate of 1.8 percent. In 2009, FDIC-insured institutions operated 13,176 more 

offices than in 2019. From 2009 to 2014, the number of offices declined by 4,825 (4.8 percent), 

while the number of offices declined by 8,351 (8.8 percent) between 2014 and 2019.

The number of offices of community banks decreased by 2.3 percent from 30,565 to 29,863 

over the past 12 months. For noncommunity banks, the number of offices decreased by 

1.7 percent from 57,500 to 56,501. The number of offices decreased by 934 (4.1 percent) 

among large banks and 988 (2.7 percent) among small banks, while the number of offices of 

medium-sized banks increased by 221 (0.8 percent). The overall decrease in the number of 

offices continues a trend toward greater consolidation.

Deposits Increase for 

Both Community and 

Noncommunity Banks

Total domestic deposits held by FDIC-insured institutions increased from $12.26 trillion 

in June 2018 to $12.77 trillion in June 2019, an increase of $510 billion or 4.2 percent. This 

growth rate was slightly lower than the 4.9 percent five-year average annual growth rate for 

the period ended in June 2019. Deposits increased over the past 12 months, even though the 

number of institutions declined from 5,542 to 5,303 and the number of offices declined from 

88,065 to 86,364.

Community banks reported an increase in their merger-adjusted deposit growth rate 

during the year ended June 2019, with the growth rate at community banks exceeding that 

of noncommunity banks.4 Merger adjustment is a way of measuring the “organic growth” 

of a cohort of institutions, the portion of growth not attributable to mergers. Year-overyear merger-adjusted deposit growth at community banks was 5.5 percent, an increase 

from the 4.9 percent growth reported the previous year and equal to the five-year average 

annual growth rate (Table 1). Noncommunity banks reported merger-adjusted year-overyear deposit growth of 3.9 percent. Adjusting for mergers, deposits at noncommunity banks 

increased 26.7 percent over the past five years, from $8.61 trillion to $10.91 trillion. Deposits 

at community banks increased 30.7 percent over that time period, from $1.42 trillion to 

$1.86 trillion.

Merger-adjusted growth rates make clear the strong organic growth of deposits at community banks. Consolidation in the industry has reduced the number of community banks 

and noncommunity banks, but the number of community banks has decreased at a faster 

rate. The decline in the number of community banks is reflected in the increasing share 

of deposits held at noncommunity banks over time. As Table 2 indicates, the share of all 

domestic deposits of banks and credit unions held by noncommunity banks increased from 

76.7 percent to 77.6 between June 2015 and June 2019, while the community bank share 

decreased from 14.8 percent to 13.2 percent.

Table 2 also depicts a slight increase in the overall deposit share (the share of all domestic 

deposits of banks and credit unions) of credit unions, from 8.5 percent to 9.1 percent. As of 

June 2019, total deposits at credit unions were $1.28 trillion, a 6 percent increase over the 

previous 12 months.

4 For an explanation of the reasons for and process of merger adjusting bank data, see Eric Breitenstein and Derek Thieme, 

“Merger Adjusting Bank Data: A Primer,” FDIC Quarterly 13, no. 1 (2019):31-49, https://www.fdic.gov/bank/analytical/

quarterly/2019-vol13-1/fdic-v13n1-4q2018-article.pdf.
FDIC QUARTERLY 33

2019 SUMMARY OF DEPOSITS HIGHLIGHTS

Table 1

Deposit Growth Rates, June 2014 to June 2019

Category 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Noncommunity Banks 5.6% 6.2% 4.9% 3.7% 3.9%

Community Banks 4.9% 5.7% 6.5% 4.9% 5.5%

Source: FDIC Summary of Deposits, 2014 to 2019.

Note: FDIC bank data are merger adjusted.

Table 2

Domestic Deposit Shares by Depository Institution Category, June 2014 to June 2019

Category 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Noncommunity Banks 76.7% 77.1% 77.2% 77.5% 77.6%

Community Banks 14.8% 14.3% 13.9% 13.5% 13.2%

Credit Unions 8.5% 8.6% 8.9% 9.0% 9.1%

Sources: FDIC Summary of Deposits, 2014 to 2019; NCUA Quarterly Summary Report.

Note: FDIC bank data are not merger adjusted.

Deposits Continue to 

Increase for All Bank Asset 

Size Classes

On a merger-adjusted basis, total deposits have increased over the past five years for each of 

the bank asset-size groups depicted in Table 3. From 2014 to 2019, deposits increased on a 

merger-adjusted basis the most for medium-sized banks—34.6 percent—followed by small 

banks at 29.3 percent and large banks at 21.2 percent. Deposits for medium-sized and small 

banks have grown faster than the national average for all banks over the past five years.

Small banks lost market share while medium-sized and large banks gained market share 

on a non-merger-adjusted basis from June 2014 to June 2019 (Table 4). In principle, this 

could be the result of either faster organic deposit growth at larger institutions or the result 

of acquisitions of smaller banks by larger institutions. However, Table 4 shows that on a 

merger-adjusted basis small banks maintained market share while large banks lost market 

share, indicating that smaller bank organic deposit growth kept pace with the industry 

as a whole.

The non-merger-adjusted gain in market share by large banks occurred because two banks 

moved out of the medium-sized asset class and into the large asset class through organic 

growth. From June 2014 through June 2019, these two banks grew by about $157.5 billion 

in assets and $129.8 billion in deposits. Only $16 billion of that deposit growth occurred 

because of an acquisition.

From 2014 to 2019, 74 banks fluctuated in and out of the medium-sized asset class. These 

fluctuations occurred through a combination of acquisitions and organic growth. The net 

effect was that the merger-adjusted and non-merger-adjusted market shares of medium-sized 

banks differed only slightly over the past five years.
2 0 2 0  •  Volume 1 4 • Number 1

34 FDIC QUARTERLY

Table 3

Percent Change in Deposits by Asset Size Over Time, June 2014 to June 2019

Bank Asset Size 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2014 to 2019

Large: Assets More Than $250B 3.6% 5.1% 6.2% 1.7% 3.1% 21.2%

Medium-Sized: 

Assets $10B to $250B 9.0% 7.6% 3.1% 6.2% 4.9% 34.6%

Small: Assets Less Than $10B 3.5% 6.0% 6.4% 4.9% 5.5% 29.3%

All Banks 5.5% 6.1% 5.1% 3.9% 4.2% 27.3%

Source: FDIC Summary of Deposits, 2014 to 2019.

Note: FDIC bank data are merger adjusted.

Table 4

Share of Total Deposits by Asset Size Over Time, June 2014 to June 2019

Bank Asset Size

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Merger Adjusted

Large: Assets More Than $250B 47.4% 46.6% 46.1% 46.6% 45.6% 45.2%

Medium-Sized: 

Assets $10B to $250B 34.5% 35.7% 36.2% 35.5% 36.3% 36.5%

Small: Assets Less Than $10B 18.0% 17.7% 17.7% 17.9% 18.1% 18.3%

Not Merger Adjusted

Large: Assets More Than $250B 42.8% 45.0% 46.2% 46.1% 45.3% 45.2%

Medium-Sized: 

Assets $10B to $250B

34.5% 32.8% 32.4% 33.4% 35.5% 36.5%

Small: Assets Less Than $10B 22.7% 22.1% 21.4% 20.5% 19.2% 18.3%

Source: FDIC Summary of Deposits, 2014 to 2019.

Average Deposits of FDICInsured Institutions and 

Offices Continue to Increase

Average deposits per institution and per office increased from 2018 to 2019 at higher rates 

than the year before. Deposits per institution increased 8.4 percent from 2017 to 2018 and 

increased 8.8 percent from 2018 to 2019 to about $2.4 billion. Average deposits per institution increased from about $1.5 billion in June 2014 to $2.4 billion in June 2019. Similarly, 

average deposits per office rose by 6.2 percent to about $148 million per office from 2018 to 

2019, after increasing by 5.9 percent from 2017 to 2018. Average deposits per office increased 

39.1 percent over the past five years, from approximately $106 million in June 2014 to about 

$148 million in June 2019.
FDIC QUARTERLY 35

2019 SUMMARY OF DEPOSITS HIGHLIGHTS

The Number of Offices 

Operated by Medium-Sized 

Banks Increased

From 2014 to 2019, the number of offices operated by medium-sized banks increased while 

the number operated by large and small banks declined (Table 5). From 2014 to 2016, total 

offices operated by medium-sized banks declined 6.1 percent to 23,796 offices but have since 

increased to 26,389, representing a 4.1 percent increase over five years. Offices operated by 

large banks rose 4.3 percent to 25,149 offices from 2014 to 2016 but have since declined to 

22,752, a 5.6 percent decrease over five years. This shift suggests that large banks may be 

transitioning away from opening or acquiring more offices. Small banks reported the largest 

five-year period decline in the number of offices, operating nearly 18 percent fewer offices in 

2019 than in 2014.

Table 5

Number of U.S. Banking Offices, June 2014 to June 2019

Bank Asset Size 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Percent Change 

2014 to 2019

Large: Assets More Than $250B 24,107 24,281 25,149 24,375 23,686 22,752 –5.6%

Medium-Sized: 

Assets $10B to $250B 25,346 24,533 23,796 24,602 26,168 26,389 4.1%

Small: Assets Less Than $10B 45,259 44,448 42,879 40,862 38,211 37,223 –17.8%

Source: FDIC Summary of Deposits, 2014 to 2019.

Office Closings Are 

Widespread Although 

Relatively Less Frequent in 

Rural Counties

As shown in Table 6, the total number of bank offices declined across all three county 

types—metropolitan, micropolitan, and rural.5 A majority of bank offices—roughly 68,000 

out of 86,000—are in metropolitan counties. The 9.2 percent five-year reduction in the 

number of offices in metropolitan counties accounted for most of the total reduction in the 

number of offices in the United States.6

The reduction in the number of community bank offices in metropolitan counties is 

particularly pronounced: 14.7 percent in the past five years. The number of bank offices 

has declined the least in rural counties: 6.1 percent between 2014 and 2019. The number 

of community bank offices in rural counties declined by 4.7 percent, while the number of 

noncommunity bank offices in rural counties declined by 9.5 percent (Table 6). While the 

smallest decline in office numbers occurred in rural counties, office closures in rural counties are felt more keenly by those communities than closures in metropolitan counties, since 

rural bank offices are fewer in number and often serve large geographic areas.7

Most of the offices in rural counties (72.9 percent) are operated by community banks. The 

difference in the five-year rate of reductions in the number of bank offices in rural counties for noncommunity banks (9.5 percent) versus community banks (4.7 percent) means 

that community banks have increased their relative prominence in rural counties notwithstanding banking industry consolidation. Community banks serve an essential purpose by 

providing banking services in counties with few bank offices.

5 Counties are labeled “metropolitan,” “micropolitan,” or “rural” depending on whether they are located in areas designated by 

the U.S. Census Bureau as metropolitan statistical areas or as micropolitan statistical areas. Metropolitan statistical areas have 

a core urban area with more than 50,000 inhabitants. Micropolitan statistical areas have urban clusters with 10,000 to 50,000 

inhabitants. All other areas are considered rural.

6 The designations assigned to each county by the Census Bureau as of September 2018 were fixed throughout the time period for 

this exercise to control for counties that may have changed their designation as metropolitan, micropolitan, or rural during the 

five-year period. See United States Census Bureau Delineation Files, https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/timeseries/demo/metro-micro/delineation-files.html. 7 A useful discussion of the issues associated with closures of banking offices in rural areas is contained in Board of Governors 

of the Federal Reserve System, “Perspectives from Main Street: Bank Branch Access in Rural Communities,” November, 2019, 

available at https://www.federalreserve.gov/publications/files/bank-branch-access-in-rural-communities.pdf. Numbers of banking 

offices reported in the Federal Reserve study and this article are not directly comparable because the Federal Reserve study 

combines micropolitan and rural counties into a single rural designation and it looks only at full-service brick-and-mortar offices 

and retail offices. This article includes all office types (see footnote 13 of this article for further information about office types).
2 0 2 0  •  Volume 1 4 • Number 1

36 FDIC QUARTERLY

Table 6

Number of Banking Offices, June 2014 to June 2019

County Type Bank Type 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Percent Change 

2014 to 2019

Metropolitan

All Banks 75,182 74,058 72,889 71,213 69,731 68,279 –9.2%

Noncommunity Banks 53,888 53,158 52,749 51,887 50,985 50,124 –7.0%

Community Banks 21,294 20,900 20,140 19,326 18,746 18,155 –14.7%

Micropolitan

All Banks 10,483 10,281 10,119 9,921 9,746 9,587 –8.5%

Noncommunity Banks 4,454 4,460 4,362 4,306 4,199 4,076 –8.5%

Community Banks 6,029 5,821 5,757 5,615 5,547 5,511 –8.6%

Rural

All Banks 9,047 8,923 8,816 8,705 8,588 8,498 –6.1%

Noncommunity Banks 2,542 2,481 2,412 2,392 2,316 2,301 –9.5%

Community Banks 6,505 6,442 6,404 6,313 6,272 6,197 –4.7%

All

All Banks 94,712 93,262 91,824 89,839 88,065 86,364 –8.8%

Noncommunity Banks 60,884 60,099 59,523 58,585 57,500 56,501 –7.2%

Community Banks 33,828 33,163 32,301 31,254 30,565 29,863 –11.7%

Source: FDIC Summary of Deposits, 2014 to 2019.

Note: Counties are labeled metropolitan, micropolitan, or rural depending on whether they are located in areas designated by the U.S. Census Bureau as 

metropolitan statistical areas or as micropolitan statistical areas. Metropolitan statistical areas have a core urban area with more than 50,000 inhabitants. 

Micropolitan statistical areas have urban clusters with 10,000 to 50,000 inhabitants. All other areas are considered rural.

Office Closings Outpace 

Office Openings in 

Metropolitan Areas

The number of bank offices has declined the most in metropolitan counties. Between 2018 

and 2019, metropolitan counties lost a net 1,420 bank offices, a decline of approximately 

2 percent (Table 7). Medium-sized banks closed 866 more offices than they opened, large 

banks closed 796 more offices than they opened, and small banks opened 242 more offices 

than they closed. Noncommunity banks closed 1,634 more offices than they opened and 

community banks opened 214 more offices than they closed.8

Table 7

Change in Number of Offices in Metropolitan Counties, June 2018 to June 2019

Office Openings Office Closings Net Change

Bank Asset Size

Large: Total Assets More Than $250B 150 946 –796

Medium-Sized: Total Assets $10B to $250B 168 1,034 –866

Small: Total Assets Less Than $10B 654 412 242

Bank Type

Noncommunity Banks 475 2,109 –1,634

Community Banks 497 283 214

All Banks 972 2,392 –1,420

Source: FDIC Summary of Deposits, 2018 to 2019.

8 The absolute change in the number of offices in metropolitan counties operated by small, medium-sized, and large banks differs 

from these values because offices move from one asset group to another through mergers and purchases.
FDIC QUARTERLY 37

2019 SUMMARY OF DEPOSITS HIGHLIGHTS

The largest number of office openings (Table 8) and office closings (Table 9) occurred in 

some of the most highly populated metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs). The list of the ten 

MSAs with the most office openings is almost identical to the list of the ten MSAs with the 

most office closings. For example, the New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA MSA had 

both the largest number of office openings and the largest number of closings. Nine of the 

top ten MSAs for office openings were also in the top ten for office closings.

Closings outpaced openings among banks in general and among banks with assets greater 

than $250 billion in the nine common metropolitan areas listed in both tables. Among small 

and medium-sized banks, closings outpaced openings in some markets but not in others. For 

noncommunity banks, office closings outpaced openings in the nine common metropolitan 

areas listed in both tables. By contrast, community bank openings outpaced closings in five 

out of the nine common metropolitan areas.

Out of the 387 metropolitan areas that were listed in both the 2018 and 2019 SOD surveys, 

257 reported a net loss in the number of offices, 81 reported no change in the number of 

offices, and 49 reported a net gain in the number of offices.9

Table 8

Metropolitan Areas With the Most Office Openings, June 2018 to June 2019

Metropolitan Statistical Area

Offices 

Opened

Bank Asset Size Bank Type

Large: 

Assets More 

Than $250B

MediumSized: 

Assets $10B 

to $250B

Small: 

Assets Less 

Than $10B Community Noncommunity

New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA 62 23 6 33 30 32

Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land, TX 51 4 27 20 10 41

Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA-NH 33 10 5 18 16 17

Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX 31 3 7 21 15 16

Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Alpharetta, GA 30 2 11 17 12 18

Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA 29 8 5 16 10 19

Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, 

PA-NJ-DE-MD 24 9 6 9 9 15

Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, IL-IN-WI 24 4 4 16 11 13

Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, 

DC-VA-MD-WV

21 12 2 7 6 15

St. Louis, MO-IL 18 1 6 11 11 7

Source: FDIC Summary of Deposits, 2018 to 2019.

9 The list of metropolitan areas in the United States changed between the 2018 and 2019 SOD surveys. Two of the 389 metropolitan 

areas defined as of June 2018 were no longer designated as metropolitan areas in 2019, and five new metropolitan areas were 

designated in 2019. In total, 387 metropolitan areas were designated as such in both 2018 and 2019. See Office of Management 

and Budget Director Mick Mulvaney to the Heads of Executive Departments and Establishments, “Revised Delineations of 

Metropolitan Statistical Areas, Micropolitan Statistical Areas, and Combined Statistical Areas, and Guidance on Uses of the 

Delineations of These Areas,” September 14, 2018, https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Bulletin-18-04.pdf.
2 0 2 0  •  Volume 1 4 • Number 1

38 FDIC QUARTERLY

Table 9

Metropolitan Areas With the Most Office Closings, June 2018 to June 2019

Metropolitan Statistical Area

Offices 

Closed

Bank Asset Size Bank Type

Large: 

Assets More 

Than $250B

MediumSized: 

Assets $10B 

to $250B

Small: 

Assets Less 

Than $10B Community Noncommunity

New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA 260 153 85 22 20 240

Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, IL-IN-WI 95 47 39 9 6 89

Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA 83 39 30 14 8 75

Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, 

DC-VA-MD-WV 80 36 38 6 4 76

Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA 60 18 34 8 1 59

Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm 

Beach, FL 60 19 37 4 16 44

Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land, TX 54 27 16 11 3 51

Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, 

PA-NJ-DE-MD 53 15 27 11 10 43

Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX 50 20 16 14 3 47

Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA-NH 40 14 11 15 12 28

Source: FDIC Summary of Deposits, 2018 to 2019.

Changes in offices in individual MSAs can be influenced significantly by individual institutions. For example, among the ten MSAs with the most office openings, one large bank 

accounted for 14.2 percent of all office openings, nearly 38 percent of new offices in the 

Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV MSA, and nearly 21 percent of new 

offices in both the New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA and the Philadelphia-CamdenWilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD MSAs. A medium-sized bank accounted for another 7.4 percent 

of all office openings in the ten MSAs with the most office openings and approximately 

30 percent of new offices in both the St. Louis, MO-IL and the Houston-The WoodlandsSugar Land, TX MSAs.

Among the ten MSAs with the most office closings, large banks accounted for 46.5 percent 

of all office closings. Large banks accounted for 50 percent or more of office closings in both 

the New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA and the Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land, 

TX MSAs and accounted for at least 28 percent of office closings in the other MSAs with 

the most office closings. Two medium-sized banks together accounted for 9.7 percent of all 

office closings in the ten MSAs with the most office closings, although they accounted for 

only 4.1 percent of total offices in those areas. Offices of those two institutions comprised 

approximately 38 percent of office closures in both the Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, 

GA and the Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV MSAs. They comprised 

13 percent of closures in the Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD MSA and 

8 percent or less of closures in the other ten MSAs with the most closures. In the MiamiFort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach, FL MSA, a different medium-sized bank accounted for 

20 percent of office closures.
FDIC QUARTERLY 39

2019 SUMMARY OF DEPOSITS HIGHLIGHTS

Share of Counties 

With a Branch Office 

Remains Stable

While the number of banking offices continues to decline throughout the country, the 

number of counties with at least one banking office has remained stable over the past five 

years. Of the 3,142 counties in the 50 states and the District of Columbia, less than 1 percent 

had no community bank, noncommunity bank, or credit union offices (Table 10), a share 

that remained unchanged from five years ago. As of June 2019, 109 counties had only one 

branch office, which is up from 96 counties in 2014. Since many of these counties are in rural 

areas, a majority have a community bank office as opposed to a noncommunity office or a 

credit union. Over the past five years, the share of counties in the United States that have a 

credit union office remained around 66.3 percent.

Slightly less than three-quarters of counties had offices of both community and noncommunity banks as of June 2019 (Table 11), compared with 75 percent of counties in June 

2014. The share of counties with only a community bank office is roughly 20 percent and 

has remained stable over the past five years. In contrast, the share of counties with only 

noncommunity offices increased from 3.9 percent in 2014 to 4.8 percent as of June 2019. 

Currently, a little more than 1 percent of counties have no community or noncommunity 

bank offices, unchanged from 2014.10

Table 10

Distribution of Bank Offices and Credit Union Offices by County, June 30, 2019

County Description Number Percent

Counties With Bank and Credit Union Offices 2,077 66.1

Counties With Only Bank Offices 1,031 32.8

Counties With Only Credit Union Offices 6 0.2

Counties With No Offices 28 0.9

Total of Counties in 50 States and District of Columbia 3,142 100.0

Counties With Only One Office—Community Bank 76 2.4

Counties With Only One Office—Noncommunity Bank 28 0.9

Counties With Only One Office—Credit Union 5 0.2

Total Counties With Only One Office 109 3.5

Sources: FDIC Summary of Deposits, 2019; Census Bureau; NCUA Quarterly Call Report Data, June 2019.

Table 11

Distribution of Bank Offices by County, June 30, 2019

County Description Number Percent

Counties With Community Bank and Noncommunity Bank Offices 2,338 74.4

Counties With Only Community Bank Offices 620 19.7

Counties With Only Noncommunity Bank Offices 151 4.8

Counties Without Offices 33 1.1

Total of Counties in 50 States and the District of Columbia 3,142 100

Sources: FDIC Summary of Deposits, 2019; Census Bureau.

10 According to 2018 Census estimates, the total population of the 33 counties without any bank offices is 98,065. Twelve of these 

counties, with a combined population of 43,945, have large protected areas designated as National Parks and Preserves, National 

Forests, Recreation Areas, State Parks, and Wildlife Refuges. Seven of the counties, with an average population of 600, are the 

least-populous counties in the state. The remaining counties are relatively populated, with an average population of 2,757, while 

the average U.S. county has a population of 104,127.
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40 FDIC QUARTERLY

Factors Influencing 

Decisions to Close or 

Transfer Offices

The number of bank offices declined by 13,176 between 2009 and 2019. Over that time, 

17,202 offices opened, 30,378 offices closed, and 27,522 offices were acquired by banks 

through merger or purchases or leases from other banks.11 Offices acquired through a 

merger, sale, or lease, or sold or leased to other banks would continue to operate as a banking 

office, even though control of the office would change.12 The decline in the number of bank 

offices is broken down into five-year periods in Table 12.

Table 12

Office Openings, Closings, Acquisitions, and Net Change, June 2009 to June 2019

June 2009 Through 

June 2014

June 2014 Through 

June 2019

Starting Number of Offices 99,540 94,715

New Offices Opened 11,856 5,346

Offices Closed 16,681 13,697

Closed following a merger* 2,316 1,243

Closed by a bank that was not acquired 14,252 12,332

Closed—other** 113 122

Offices Acquired 17,134 10,388

Acquired following a merger* 15,693 9,553

Acquired via a sale or lease 1,357 789

Acquired—other** 84 46

Ending Number of Offices 94,715 86,364

Source: FDIC Summary of Deposits.

* “Closed following a merger” and “acquired following a merger” mean that the banking office: 1) was operated as of an SOD filing period by a bank that 

was acquired before the next SOD filing period and 2) the banking office was closed or acquired before the next SOD filing period.

** The institution that initially owned the office may have closed without being acquired, changed to a nondepository institution, relinquished deposit 

insurance, or been acquired by a nonbank.

The long-term decline in the number of bank offices suggests that economic and demographic changes could be reducing the economic value of bank offices generally. Therefore, 

comparing the characteristics of offices that remain in the banking industry with offices that 

close may provide insight into some of the factors that are driving the long-term decline in 

the number of bank offices.

Over the past ten years, 26,584 offices were closed by institutions that were not acquired in 

the year between SOD filings, while 2,146 offices were sold or leased to another bank. The 

service type of the office, the total deposits reported at the office, and whether the county 

in which the office is located is rural, micropolitan, or metropolitan appear to influence the 

decision to close, sell, or lease an office to another bank.

11 An office is considered to have closed if it ceases to appear in the Summary of Deposits data. FDIC Summary of Deposits, 

2009–2019.

12 See page 31 of the 2019 Summary of Deposits reporting instructions, https://www.fdic.gov/regulations/resources/call/sodreporting-instructions.pdf. Leased offices are reported as belonging to the institution that is leasing the office, as opposed to the 

institution that owns the office.
FDIC QUARTERLY 41

2019 SUMMARY OF DEPOSITS HIGHLIGHTS

Type of County The first group (Offices of Banks That Were Not Acquired) in Table 13 shows how county 

type (rural, micropolitan, or metropolitan) may have affected how operating banks disposed 

of offices, whether by closure or by sale or lease. The first group shows that sale or lease 

happens much less often than outright closure, but that offices for which sales or leases occur 

are disproportionally located in micropolitan and rural counties. For example, while only 

6.5 percent of the 28,730 offices represented in the top panel are in rural counties, almost 

13 percent of offices for which a sale or lease occurred are in rural counties. Conversely, 

offices in metropolitan counties represented 83.3 percent of all offices in the top panel but 

only 70.9 percent of the offices for which a sale or lease occurred.

The second group (Offices of Acquired Banks) in Table 13 addresses a similar question: how 

location may have affected whether offices of acquired banks close or remain open. The 

results are similar to those in the top panel. Closed offices of acquired banks in micropolitan 

and rural counties are slightly underrepresented relative to the share of those county types 

in the population of acquired bank offices. Conversely, closed offices of acquired banks in 

metropolitan counties are slightly overrepresented relative to the share of metropolitan bank 

offices in the population of acquired bank offices.

These results indicate that offices located in densely populated counties are more likely 

to close than offices located in less densely populated counties, which suggests that the 

economic value of bank offices is holding up relatively better in less densely populated counties than in metropolitan counties.

Table 13

Distribution of Offices by Type of County, June 2009 to June 2019

Number

Metropolitan 

County

Micropolitan 

County Rural County

Offices of Banks That Were 

Not Acquired

Offices Closed 26,584 84.3% 9.7% 6.0%

Offices Sold or Leased 2,146 70.9% 16.3% 12.9%

Total 28,730 83.3% 10.2% 6.5%

Offices of Acquired Banks

Offices Closed 3,559 86.9% 7.3% 5.8%

Offices Remained Open 25,246 82.7% 9.9% 7.5%

Total 28,805 83.2% 9.5% 7.2%

Source: FDIC Summary of Deposits.

Note: Counties are labeled metropolitan, micropolitan, or rural depending on whether they are located in areas designated by the U.S. Census Bureau as 

metropolitan statistical areas or as micropolitan statistical areas. Metropolitan statistical areas have a core urban area with more than 50,000 inhabitants. 

Micropolitan statistical areas have urban clusters with 10,000 to 50,000 inhabitants. All other areas are considered rural. Rows may not sum to 100 percent 

due to rounding.
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42 FDIC QUARTERLY

13 The SOD survey collects information on the service type of each office:

1) Full-service brick-and-mortar offices: physical locations owned or leased by a bank at which customers can open and close 

accounts, apply for loans, deposit and withdraw funds, and receive other banking services.

2) Full-service retail offices: full-service offices in a retail facility such as a department store or supermarket.

3) Home banking offices: full-service offices that customers can access through a website or over the telephone.

4) Limited-service offices: offices that exist for the sole purpose of cashing payroll checks or conducting administrative services 

for the bank, or that accept deposits but do not provide any other services.

See page 31 of the Summary of Deposits reporting instructions, https://www.fdic.gov/regulations/resources/call/sod-reportinginstructions.pdf.

Office Service Type Offices that remained in the industry were also more likely to be full-service brick-andmortar offices, suggesting that the value of these types of offices may be holding up relatively 

better than that of other types of offices.13 Table 14 shows how office type may have affected 

whether operating banks disposed of offices by closure or by sale or lease. The first group 

(Offices of Banks That Were Not Acquired) shows that offices for which a sale or lease occurs 

are disproportionally likely to be full-service brick-and-mortar offices, rather than other 

full-service or limited-service offices. For example, among banks that were not acquired, 

81.2 percent of offices were full-service brick-and-mortar offices; but almost 92 percent of 

the offices that were sold or leased to other banks were full-service brick-and-mortar offices. 

Limited-service offices represented 8.4 percent of offices of banks that were not acquired but 

only 2.5 percent of the sold or leased offices.

The second group (Offices of Acquired Banks) in Table 14 addresses a similar question: how 

office type may have affected whether the offices of acquired banks were closed. The results 

are similar to those in the first group. Full-service brick-and-mortar offices of acquired 

banks were slightly less likely to close than offices of acquired banks overall, while other fullservice or limited-service offices were slightly more likely to close than were acquired bank 

offices overall.

Table 14

Distribution of Offices by Service Type, June 2009 to June 2019

Count

Full Service 

Brick and 

Mortar

Other Full 

Service

Limited 

Service

Offices of Banks That Were 

Not Acquired

Offices Closed 26,584 80.4% 10.8% 8.9%

Offices Sold or Leased 2,146 91.7% 5.8% 2.5%

Total 28,730 81.2% 10.4% 8.4%

Offices of Acquired Banks

Offices Closed 3,559 87.9% 6.9% 5.2%

Offices Remained Open 25,246 94.2% 2.5% 3.4%

Total 28,805 93.4% 3.0% 3.6%

Source: FDIC Summary of Deposits.

Note: Other full-service offices include retail offices, which are full-service offices located in a department store or supermarket, and home banking 

offices, which are full-service offices that customers can access through a website or over the telephone.
FDIC QUARTERLY 43

2019 SUMMARY OF DEPOSITS HIGHLIGHTS

14 Methods used by banks for attributing deposits to bank offices may differ considerably from bank to bank. Researchers should 

be cautious about using SOD data to draw firm conclusions about the geographical distribution of banking activity. The reporting 

instructions can be found on page 3 of the Summary of Deposits reporting instructions, https://www.fdic.gov/regulations/

resources/call/sod-reporting-instructions.pdf.

Reported Deposits Offices that closed had lower amounts of reported deposits than offices that remained in the 

banking industry. Among banks that were not acquired, offices that were sold or leased to 

another bank reported a median $26.7 million in deposits, while offices that closed reported 

a median $19.3 million in deposits (Table 15). Among banks that were acquired, offices 

that remained open reported a median $39.2 million in deposits, while offices that closed 

reported a median $25.4 million in deposits.

It is important to keep in mind that banks have discretion in how they report total deposits 

at each office, so deposit data collected in the Summary of Deposits need to be used with 

caution.14 Nonetheless, the observations in Table 15 are not surprising in that they suggest 

that the viability of banking offices depends in part on the volume of deposits they generate.

Table 15

Deposits of Offices, June 2009 to June 2019

Count

Median Deposits per 

Office (Thousands)

Offices of Banks That Were Not Acquired

Offices Closed 26,584 $19,302 

Offices Sold or Leased 2,146 $26,723 

Offices of Acquired Banks

Offices Closed 3,559 $25,398 

Offices Remained Open 25,246 $39,151 

Source: FDIC Summary of Deposits.

Conclusion The trend in office closures that began nearly a decade ago continued as of June 2019, indicating a trend toward greater consolidation in the banking industry. Community banks 

continue to play a key role in rural areas and have closed offices at slower rates in rural 

areas. Medium-sized banks increased their number of offices while small and large banks 

decreased their numbers of offices. Offices closed at higher rates in highly populated metropolitan counties than in less densely populated counties. Factors such as county type, office 

service type, and deposit amounts may also influence rates of decline in the number of 

offices. Despite the continued decline in the number of offices, the banking industry continues to report deposit growth among all bank types and sizes.

Authors:

Joseph R. Harris III

Economic Analyst

Division of Insurance and Research

Caitlyn R. Kasper

Economic Analyst

Division of Insurance and Research

Christopher J. Raslavich

Economic Analyst

Division of Insurance and Research

Derek K. Thieme

Economic Analyst

Division of Insurance and Research