SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY

APPELLATE DIVISION

DOCKET NO. A-3825-16T2

VICTOR CAMPOS,

Plaintiff-Appellant,

v.

MIGUEL CRUZ and CITY OF

PASSAIC, 

Defendants-Respondents.

______________________________

Submitted May 24, 2018 – Decided July 12, 2018

Before Judges Mayer and Mitterhoff.

On appeal from Superior Court of New Jersey, 

Law Division, Passaic County, Docket No. L3602-15.

Mallon & Tranger, attorneys for appellant 

(Randall L. Tranger, of counsel; M. Anthony 

Barsimanto, on the brief).

Law Offices of William E. Staehle, attorneys 

for respondents (Stephen C. Cahir, on the 

brief).

PER CURIAM

Plaintiff Victor Campos appeals from the trial court's March 

28, 2017, order of summary judgment dismissing his claims as barred 

NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE

APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION

This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court." 

Although it is posted on the internet, this opinion is binding only on the 

parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-3.
2 A-3825-16T2

by the New Jersey Workers' Compensation Act, N.J.S.A. 34:15-1 to

-142 (the Act). We affirm.

This case arises from a December 23, 2013 car accident in 

which defendant Miguel Cruz (Cruz) ran a red light and struck 

plaintiff's vehicle. Both plaintiff and Cruz are employees of 

defendant of City of Passaic (City). Plaintiff works for the 

City's Department of Public Works (DPW), and defendant is a Passaic 

police officer. On the date of the accident, plaintiff was working 

at City Hall when he began to feel ill. He decided to go home 

early; however, in order to do so he first had to return to the 

DPW office to notify his employer that he was finished for the day

and to complete paperwork for his supervisor to sign. The accident 

happened as plaintiff was en route from City Hall to the DPW 

office.

On January 15, 2014, plaintiff filed an "Employee's Claim 

Petition" seeking workers' compensation benefits from the City. 

On October 21, 2015, plaintiff filed suit against defendants Miguel 

Cruz and the City. On June 13, 2016, the parties to the workers'

compensation action agreed to an "Order Approving Settlement with 

Dismissal" pursuant to N.J.S.A. 34:15-20 (Section 20).

The trial court dismissed plaintiff's complaint on summary 

judgment, finding plaintiff's claims were barred by Section 8 of 

the Act because he received workers' compensation benefits. In 
3 A-3825-16T2

addition, the judge found that plaintiff was acting in the scope 

of his employment with the City at the time of the accident. This 

appeal ensued.

On appeal, plaintiff asserts the trial judge erred in finding 

that at the time of the accident he was acting in the scope of his 

employment. Plaintiff asserts that he stopped working when he 

left City Hall. Plaintiff claims that he was returning to 

headquarters solely for a personal purpose, i.e., to fill out 

paperwork so he could go home. In addition, plaintiff asserts 

that the settlement of his claim pursuant to Section 20 does not 

bar a third-party claim against his employer, as it was not 

dispositive of the issue of compensability.

1

In reviewing orders for summary judgment, an appellate court 

uses the same standard as the trial court. Globe Motor Co. v. 

Igdalev, 225 N.J. 469, 479 (2016); Prudential Prop. & Cas. Ins. 

Co. v. Boylan, 307 N.J. Super. 162, 167 (App. Div. 1998). We 

decide first whether there was any genuine issue of material fact. 

If there was not, we then decide whether the trial court's ruling 

on the law was correct. Walker v. Atl. Chrysler Plymouth, 216 

N.J. Super. 255, 258 (App. Div. 1987). Because the issues on 

 

1 We will not address defendants' arguments concerning the injury 

threshold in N.J.S.A. 59:9-2(d). The trial court made no findings 

on the issue. 
4 A-3825-16T2

appeal are primarily legal in nature, our review of the trial 

court's legal rulings are de novo. Estate of Hanges v. Metro. 

Prop. & Cas. Ins. Co., 202 N.J. 369, 382-83 (2010); see also

Manalapan Realty LP v. Twp. Comm. of Manalapan, 140 N.J. 366, 378 

(1995) ("A trial court's interpretation of the law and the legal 

consequences that flow from established facts are not entitled to 

any special deference."). 

In New Jersey, it is well settled that workers' compensation 

laws provide an "expeditious and certain remedy for employees who 

sustain work injuries by the statutory imposition of absolute but 

limited and determinate liability upon the employer." Wilson v. 

Faull, 27 N.J. 105, 116 (1958) (citing Cardillo v. Liberty Mutual 

Ins. Co., 330 U.S. 469 (1947)). The statutory scheme represents 

a compromise whereby "[t]he employee surrenders his right to seek 

damages in an action at law in return for swift recovery 

independent of proof of fault." Ibid. Pursuant to N.J.S.A. 34:15-

8:

If an injury or death is compensable under 

this article, a person shall not be liable to 

anyone at common law or otherwise on account 

of such injury or death for any act or omission 

occurring while such person was in the same 

employ as the person injured or killed, except 

for intentional wrong.

The statute grants absolute immunity to employers from common 

law negligence suits by employees. Cellucci v. Bronstein, 277 
5 A-3825-16T2

N.J. Super. 506, 518 (App. Div. 1994); see also McDaniel v, Lee, 

419 N.J. Super. 482, 490 (App. Div. 2011) ("The statute's 

exclusivity bar also prohibits an injured employee's legal action 

to recover for injuries caused by a fellow employee.") (citing 

Basil v. Wolf, 193 N.J. 38, 53 (2007)).

In order to be compensable under the Act, thereby invoking 

the statutory bar, an employee must be acting in the scope of his 

or her employment at the time of the accident. N.J.S.A. 34:15-7. 

Whether plaintiff in this case was acting in the scope of his 

employment requires a determination of when plaintiff left work. 

N.J.S.A. 34:15-36 provides in pertinent part:

Employment shall be deemed to commence when

an employee arrives at the employer's place

of employment to report for work and shall

terminate when the employee leaves the

employer's place of employment, excluding

areas not under the control of the employer;

provided, however, when the employee is

required by the employer to be away from the

employer's place of employment, the employee

shall be deemed to be in the course of

employment when the employee is engaged in the

direct performance of duties assigned or

directed by the employer . . . .

[(Emphasis added).]

On the date of the accident, plaintiff had driven his car to 

the City Hall location where he was performing maintenance work. 

He left that location, not to go home, or to go to lunch, or to 

accomplish some personal errand. He left the City Hall location 
6 A-3825-16T2

to go to the DPW office, to submit paperwork in order to take a 

half-day off. Only after completing the paperwork required by his 

employer was he permitted to leave work to go home. His return 

to the DPW office was thus in the performance of duties "assigned 

or directed by the employer" at the time of the accident. See

Ward v. Davidowitz, 191 N.J. Super. 518, 523-524 (App. Div. 1983) 

("the determining element of compensability rests upon the direct 

performance of duties assigned or directed by the employer rather 

than on the place of employment."). That plaintiff was not 

physically at his workplace when the accident occurred is thus of 

no moment. Indeed, as a DPW worker, plaintiff could have been 

working in any part of the City when he was involved in the

accident.

The cases cited by plaintiff are inapposite as involving 

situations in which the employee had clearly left work at the time 

of the accident. See, e.g., Mule v. New Jersey Mfrs. Ins. Co., 

356 N.J. Super. 389, 397-98 (App. Div. 2003) (holding the employee 

was not acting in the scope of employment after he left for a 

picnic at 1 p.m. and was not expected to return but returned to 

place of employment around 8:15 p.m. in order to shower and change 

his clothes); Zahner v. Pathmark Stores Inc., 321 N.J. Super. 471, 

480-81 (App. Div. 1999) (holding a cashier not acting in the scope 

of employment after she "punched out" for the day but remained in 
7 A-3825-16T2

the store to do food shopping); Sparrow v. La Cachet, 305 N.J. 

Super. 301, 306-07 (App. Div. 1997) (holding a beautician who was 

told to go home was not acting in the scope of employment when she 

remained on the premises to have a facial for her own personal 

benefit). 

In this case, we reject plaintiff's argument that he was 

returning to headquarters for a purely personal reason. The City 

had a policy requiring him to fill out paperwork prior to going 

home for the day. Plaintiff was complying with that policy as 

directed by his employer. The trial court was therefore correct

in finding that plaintiff's work day did not end until he completed 

the employer-required paperwork permitting him to take a half-day 

off. Based on that finding, there was no error in the court's 

determination that plaintiff was acting in the scope of his 

employment at the time of the accident, and summary judgment was 

appropriately granted.

Although the scope of employment determination is dispositive 

of plaintiff's appeal, we will briefly address plaintiff's 

alternative argument that a Section 20 settlement does not bar his 

damages claim against his employer and co-employee. 

N.J.S.A. 34:15-20 expressly provides that a Section 20 

settlement "shall have the force and effect of a dismissal of the 

claim petition." Sperling v. Bd. of Review, 301 N.J. Super. 1, 5
8 A-3825-16T2

(App. Div. 1997). "Receipt of a lump sum settlement under N.J.S.A. 

34:15-20 constitutes an implied acknowledgment that the claimant's 

disability was work-related and compensable under the Workers' 

Compensation Act." Ibid. In Hawksby v. DePietro, 165 N.J. 58 

(2000), the Supreme Court held that a Section 20 settlement barred 

a subsequent medical malpractice claim against a co-employee 

doctor. In so holding, the Court reasoned:

A contrary holding would result "in burdening 

the employer indirectly with common-law 

damages superimposed upon [its] workmen's 

compensation liability by reason of either a 

legal, moral or practical obligation to 

indemnify the sued [doctor], director, officer 

or supervisory employee, or with the expense 

of carrying insurance to cover the personal 

liability of such . . . personnel."

[Hawksby, 165 N.J. at 66-67 (alteration in 

original) (quoting Miller v. Muscarelle, 67 

N.J. Super. 305, 321 (App. Div. 1961)).]

This case presents an even clearer example of the type of double 

recovery prohibited by the Court in Hawksby. Having recovered a 

workers' compensation award for his injuries, plaintiff now seeks 

to pursue a negligence claim for damages involving the same 

accident and resultant injuries. Because plaintiff's present 

claims are prohibited by both statute and common law, the trial 

court did not err in finding that plaintiff's receipt of workers' 

compensation benefits bars any further recovery at law. Summary 

judgment was appropriately granted on that basis.
9 A-3825-16T2

Affirmed.