**Exhibit 3.1**

**AMENDED AND RESTATED**

**CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION**

**OF**

**QUANTUM FUEL SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGIES WORLDWIDE, INC.**

March 3, 2005 

Quantum Fuel Systems Technologies Worldwide, Inc., acorporation organized and existing under and by virtue of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the “Corporation”). 

DOES HEREBY CERTIFY: 

FIRST: That the name of the Corporation is Quantum FuelSystems Technologies Worldwide, Inc. The Corporation was originally incorporated under the name “Quantum Technologies, Inc.” The original Certificate of Incorporation, the Certificate of Correction, the first Certificate of Amendment tothe Certificate of Incorporation, the second Certificate of Amendment to the Certificate of Incorporation, and the first Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Corporation were filed with the Secretary of State of Delaware onOctober 13, 2000, October 19, 2000, June 1, 2001, August 16, 2001, and July 23, 2002, respectively. 

SECOND: That at a meeting of the Board of Directors of the Corporation held on November 22, 2004, resolutions were adopted setting forth the proposed amendment and restatement of the Certificate ofIncorporation of the Corporation and declaring the amendment and restatement to be advisable. 

THIRD: That at a specialmeeting of stockholders on March 3, 2005, duly called and held pursuant to resolution of the Board of Directors and upon notice in accordance with Section 222 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, a majority of theoutstanding stock of each class entitled to vote on the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation voted in favor of the amendment and restatement. 

FOURTH: That the capital of the Corporation shall not be reduced under or by reason of the amendment and restatement. 

FIFTH: That said amendment and restatement was duly adopted in accordance with the provisions of Sections 242 and 245 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware. This Amended and RestatedCertificate of Incorporation restates, integrates and further amends the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation as follows: 

**I. Name**

The name of the Corporation is Quantum Fuel Systems Technologies Worldwide, Inc. (hereinafter sometimes referred to as the “Corporation”). 

**II. Registered Office and Agent**

The address of the registered office of the Corporation in the State of Delaware is 3500 S. Dupont Highway, Dover, Delaware 19901, in the City of Dover, County of Kent. The name of its registered agent atsuch address is AmeriSearch Corporate Services Inc. 

**III. Purposes**

The nature of the business of the Corporation and the objects or purposes to be transacted, promoted or carried on by it are as follows:to engage in any lawful act or activity for which corporations may be organized under the Delaware General Corporation Law (the “DGCL”). 

**IV. Shares**

The total number of shares of all classes of capital stockwhich the Corporation shall have authority to issue is one hundred twenty million (120,000,000) shares, consisting of one hundred million (100,000,000) shares of common stock with a par value of $0.001 per share (the “CommonStock”) and twenty million (20,000,000) shares of preferred stock with a par value of $0.001 per share (the “Preferred Stock”). 

A. *Preferred Stock.* Any of the shares of Preferred Stock authorized by this Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (this “Certificate of Incorporation”) may be issued from timeto time in one or more series by the filing of a certificate pursuant to the DGCL (hereinafter referred to as a “Preferred Stock Designation”). Subject to the limitations and restrictions set forth in this Article IV, the Board ofDirectors of the Corporation (the “Board of Directors”), by resolution or resolutions, is authorized to create or provide for any such series and to fix the designations, powers, preferences and relative, participating, optional or otherspecial rights, and qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof, including, without limitation, the authority to fix or alter the dividend rights, dividend rates, conversion rights, exchange rights, voting rights, rights and terms ofredemption (including sinking and purchase fund provisions), the redemption price or prices, the preferences upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Corporation and the rights in respect to any distribution of assets of any whollyunissued series of Preferred Stock and the number of shares constituting any such series, and the designation thereof, or any of them and to increase or decrease the number of shares of any series so created, subsequent to the issue of that seriesbut not below the number of shares of such series then outstanding. In case the number of shares of any series shall be so decreased, the shares constituting such decrease shall resume the status that they had prior to the adoption of the resolutionoriginally fixing the number of shares of such series. 

There shall be no limitation or restriction on any variation betweenany of the different series of Preferred Stock as to the designation, preferences and relative, participating, optional or other special rights, and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof; and the several series of Preferred Stockmay, except as hereinafter otherwise expressly provided, vary in any 

and all respects as fixed and determined by the Board of Directors, providing for the issuance of the various series; provided, however, that all shares of any one series of Preferred Stock shallhave the same designation, preferences and relative, participating, optional or other special rights and qualifications, limitations and restrictions. 

Except as otherwise required by law, or as otherwise fixed by resolution or resolutions of the Board of Directors with respect to one or more series of Preferred Stock, the entire voting power and allvoting rights shall be vested exclusively in the Common Stock, and each stockholder of the Corporation who at the time possesses voting power for any purpose shall be entitled to one vote for each share of such stock standing in suchstockholder’s name on the books of the Corporation. The Corporation shall exercise its power to issue Preferred Stock with the view of avoiding the issuance of fractional shares. No stockholder shall have the right to split whole shares intofractions. 

B. *Common Stock.* Any of the shares of Common Stock authorized by this Certificate of Incorporation may beissued from time to time in one or more series. Subject to the limitations and restrictions set forth in this Article IV, the Board of Directors, by resolution or resolutions, is authorized to create or provide for any such series and to fixthe designations, powers, preferences and relative rights and restrictions thereof. Two million (2,000,000) shares of the authorized shares of Common Stock are hereby designated Series B common stock (the “Series B Common”).The relative powers, rights and restrictions granted to or imposed upon the Common Stock, Series B Common, or upon the holders thereof, are set forth below. Except as otherwise provided for herein, all issued and outstanding shares of CommonStock, whether or not separately designated as a series of Common Stock, including the Series B Common, and the holders thereof shall have the same powers and rights. 

1 *Dividends.* The holders of shares of all series of Common Stock shall be entitled to receive such dividends asfrom time to time may be declared by the Board of Directors, subject to the provisions of Subdivision A of this Article IV with respect to rights of holders of the Preferred Stock. The holders of all series of Common Stock shall shareratably, based upon the number of shares of Common Stock or Series B Common held by them, in all dividends to which the holders of Common Stock may be entitled. 

2. *Liquidation.* Upon any liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Corporation, whether voluntary orinvoluntary, after any preferential amounts to be distributed to the holders of any series of Preferred Stock then outstanding, the holders of all series of Common Stock shall share ratably, based upon the number of shares of Common Stock orSeries B Common held by them, in all of the remaining assets of the Corporation available for distribution to its stockholders. 

3. *Voting.* Except as otherwise provided by law and subject to the provisions set forth in this Article IV, the holders of all series of Common Stock issued and outstanding shall be entitled tovote one vote for each share thereof held on all matters. Except as otherwise provided by law or by any Preferred Stock Designation, the Common Stock shall have the exclusive right to vote for the election of directors, and holders of PreferredStock shall not be entitled to receive notice of any meeting of stockholders at which they are not entitled to vote. The number of authorized shares of 

Preferred Stock may be increased or decreased (but not below the number of shares thereof then outstanding) by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding Common Stock,without a vote of the holders of the Preferred Stock, or of any series thereof, unless a vote of any such holders is required pursuant to any Preferred Stock Designation. 

4. *Certain Defined Terms.*

4.1(a) “Issued and Outstanding Common Shares” shall mean the issued and outstanding shares of Common Stock and all series of Common Stock. 

4.1(b) [Reserved] 

4.1(c) “Extraordinary Common Stock Event” shall mean (i) the issuance of additional shares of Common Stock as a dividend or other distribution on outstanding Common Stock, (ii) asubdivision of outstanding shares of Common Stock into a greater number of shares of Common Stock, or (iii) a combination of outstanding shares of Common Stock into a smaller number of shares of Common Stock. 

5. *Designation of Powers and Rights of Series B Common*. The Series B Common authorized under this Certificateof Incorporation shall be convertible into shares of Common Stock, as described in Section 5.3 below. In addition to the powers, rights, restrictions and other matters relating to the Common Stock described above, the Series B Common shallhave the following additional rights and restrictions: 

5.1 *No Right To Vote.* Except as is otherwisespecifically required by law, the holders of the Series B Common shall not be entitled to vote on any matters and shall not be entitled to receive notice of any meeting of stockholders at which they are not entitled to vote. 

5.2 *Anti-Dilution Protection.* Upon the happening of an Extraordinary Common Stock Event (as defined inSection 4.1(c) above) after the date this Certificate of Incorporation is filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware, the number of outstanding shares of Series B Common shall be adjusted, upward or downward, to that numberof shares of Series B Common that is equal to the percentage of the Issued and Outstanding Common Stock (as defined in Section 4.1(a) above) that the holders of the Series B Common held immediately prior to the Extraordinary CommonStock Event. If any such adjustment shall result in the reduction of the number of shares of outstanding Series B Common, the holders of certificates representing such shares shall surrender such certificates to the Corporation or its transferagent for cancellation; provided, however, that the Corporation shall not be obligated to issue certificates evidencing the shares of Series B Common issuable upon such adjustment but shall maintain adequate records, accessible to each holderof Series B Common, setting forth the effective date of the adjustment, the amount of the required adjustment and the computation thereof. The number of shares of outstanding 

Series B Common, as so adjusted, shall be readjusted in the same manner upon the happening of any successive Extraordinary Common Stock Event or Events. 

5.3 *Automatic Conversion.* Upon the transfer by sale or gift or other means of irrevocable transfer of any of theoutstanding shares of Series B Common to any person, corporation, trust or other entity which is an Unaffiliated Holder (as defined below), the transferred shares of Series B Common shall be automatically converted into an equal number ofshares of Common Stock. The Corporation shall, as soon as practicable after receiving notice of such a transfer, issue and deliver to the Unaffiliated Holder in exchange for the transferred shares of Series B Common, a certificate orcertificates for the number of shares of Common Stock to which it shall be entitled as aforesaid. Upon such conversion and notwithstanding that the certificates evidencing such shares of Series B Common shall not have been surrendered, theshares so converted shall be deemed cancelled and shall not be issuable by the Corporation, the rights of the holders of the Series B Common with respect to such shares shall terminate and the authority of the Corporation to issue thetransferred shares of Series B Common shall terminate. This Certificate of Incorporation shall be appropriately amended from time to time to effect the change in the Corporation’s authorized capital stock. For purposes of the precedingprovisions of this section, an “Unaffiliated Holder” shall mean a natural person, corporation, partnership, trust or other entity that is not controlled by, or under common control with, General Motors Corporation, as determined bymajority vote of the Board of Directors, excluding any directors nominated by or serving as representatives of General Motors Corporation; provided, further, that any direct or indirect ownership of an entity that represents twenty percent(20%) or more of the total voting power in an election of directors or managers shall be deemed a controlling interest, absent conclusive evidence to the contrary. 

**V. Stockholder Action**

Any action required or permitted to be taken by thestockholders of the Corporation must be effected at a duly called annual or special meeting of such holders and may not be effected by any consent in writing by such holders. Except as otherwise required by law or by any Preferred Stock Designation,special meetings of the stockholders of the Corporation for any purpose or purposes may be called only by (i) the Board of Directors pursuant to a resolution stating the purpose or purposes thereof approved by a majority of the total number ofdirectors which the Corporation would have if there were no vacancies (the “Whole Board”) or (ii) the Chief Executive Officer or the Chairman of the Board of Directors, if such an officer be elected, of the Corporation, and any powerof stockholders to call a special meeting is specifically denied. No business other than that stated in the notice shall be transacted at any special meeting. Notwithstanding anything contained in this Certificate of Incorporation to the contrary,the affirmative vote of the holders of at least 80% of the voting power of all shares of the Corporation entitled to vote generally in the election of directors (the “Voting Stock”) then outstanding, voting together as a single class,shall be required to alter, amend, or adopt any provision inconsistent with, or to repeal, this Article V. 

**VI. Board of Directors**

A. *Number, Election and Tenure.* Except as otherwise provided in any Preferred Stock Designation relating to the rights of theholders of any class or series of Preferred Stock to elect additional directors under specified circumstances, the number of the directors of the Corporation shall be fixed from time to time exclusively pursuant to a resolution adopted by a majorityof the Whole Board, but such number shall not be less than four (4) nor more than eleven (11). The directors, other than those who may be elected by the holders of any class or series of Preferred Stock having the right under a Preferred StockDesignation to elect additional directors under specified circumstances, shall be classified, with respect to the time for which they severally hold office, into three classes, as nearly equal in number as possible, one class to be originallyelected for a term expiring at the first annual meeting of stockholders held after the date this Certificate of Incorporation is filed with the Secretary of State of Delaware, another class to be originally elected for a term expiring at the secondannual meeting of stockholders thereafter, and another class to be originally elected for a term expiring at the third annual meeting of stockholders thereafter, with each class to hold office until its successor is duly elected and qualified. Ateach succeeding annual meeting of stockholders, directors elected to succeed those directors whose terms then expire shall be elected for a term of office to expire at the third succeeding annual meeting of stockholders after their election, witheach director to hold office until such person’s successor shall have been duly elected and qualified. 

B. *StockholderNomination of Director Candidates; Stockholder Proposal of Business.* Advance notice of stockholder nominations for the election of directors and of the proposal of business by stockholders shall be given in the manner provided in the By-Laws ofthe Corporation, as amended and in effect from time to time. 

C. *Newly Created Directorships and Vacancies.* Except asotherwise provided in any Preferred Stock Designation relating to the rights of the holders of any class or series of Preferred Stock to elect directors under specified circumstances, newly created directorships resulting from any increase in thenumber of directors and any vacancies on the Board of Directors resulting from death, resignation, disqualification, removal or other cause shall be filled by the affirmative vote of a majority of the remaining directors then in office, even thoughless than a quorum of the Board of Directors, and not by the stockholders. Any director elected in accordance with the preceding sentence shall hold office for the remainder of the full term of the class of directors in which the new directorshipwas created or the vacancy occurred and until such director’s successor shall have been duly elected and qualified. No decrease in the number of directors constituting the Board of Directors shall shorten the term of any incumbent director.

D. *Removal.* Subject to the rights of any class or series of Preferred Stock having the right under a Preferred StockDesignation to elect directors under specified circumstances, any director may be removed from office only for cause by the affirmative vote of the holders of at least a majority of the voting power of all Voting Stock then outstanding, votingtogether as a single class. 

E. *Amendment, Repeal, Etc.* Notwithstanding anything contained in this Certificate ofIncorporation to the contrary, the affirmative vote of the holders of at least 80% of the voting 

power of all Voting Stock then outstanding, voting together as a single class, shall be required to alter, amend, adopt any provision inconsistent with, or to repeal, this Article VI.

**VII. By-Laws**

The By-Laws may be altered or repealed and new By-Laws may be adopted (1) at any annual or special meeting of stockholders, by the affirmative vote of the holders of at least two-thirds of the votingpower of the stock issued and outstanding and entitled to vote thereat; provided, however, that any proposed amendment, alteration or repeal of, or the adoption of any By-Law inconsistent with, Section 2.2, 2.7 or 2.10 of Article II of theBy-Laws, or Section 3.2, 3.9 or 3.11 of Article III of the By-Laws, by the stockholders shall require the affirmative vote of the holders of at least 80% of the voting power of all Voting Stock then outstanding, voting together as a singleclass; and provided, further, however, that in the case of any such stockholder action at a special meeting of stockholders, notice of the proposed alteration, repeal or adoption of the new By-Law or By-Laws must be contained in the notice of suchspecial meeting, or (2) by the affirmative vote of a majority of the Whole Board. 

Notwithstanding anything contained inthis Certificate of Incorporation to the contrary, the affirmative vote of the holders of at least 80% of the voting power of all Voting Stock then outstanding, voting together as a single class, shall be required to alter, amend, adopt anyprovision inconsistent with or repeal this Article VII. 

**VIII. Election of Directors**

Elections of directors need not be by written ballot unless the By-Laws of the Corporation shall so provide. 

**IX. Creditors**

Whenever a compromise or arrangement is proposed between the Corporation and its creditors or any class of them and/or between the Corporation and its stockholders or any class of them, any court ofequitable jurisdiction within the State of Delaware may, on the application in a summary way of the Corporation or of any creditor or stockholder thereof, or on the application of any receiver or receivers appointed for the Corporation under theprovisions of Section 291 of Title 8 of the DGCL or on the application of trustees in dissolution or of any receiver or receivers appointed for the Corporation under the provisions of Section 279 of Title 8 of the DGCL order ameeting of the creditors or class of creditors, and/or of the stockholders or class of stockholders of the Corporation, as the case may be, to be summoned in such manner as the said court directs. If a majority in number representing three-fourthsin value of the creditors or class of creditors, and/or the stockholders or class of stockholders of the Corporation, as the case may be, agree to any compromise or arrangement and to any reorganization of the Corporation as a consequence of suchcompromise or arrangement, the said compromise or arrangement and the said reorganization shall, if sanctioned by the court to which the said application has been made, be binding on all the creditors or class of creditors, and/or on all thestockholders or class of stockholders, of the Corporation, as the case may be, and also on the Corporation. 

**X. Amendments**

The Corporation reserves the right at any time and from time to time to amend, alter, change or repeal any provision contained in thisCertificate of Incorporation, and any other provisions authorized by the laws of the State of Delaware at the time in force may be added or inserted, in the manner now or hereafter prescribed by law; and, except as set forth in Article XI, allrights, preferences and privileges of whatsoever nature conferred upon stockholders, directors or any other persons whomsoever by and pursuant to this Certificate of Incorporation in its present form or as hereafter amended are granted subject tothe right reserved in this Article X. Notwithstanding anything contained in this Certificate of Incorporation to the contrary, the affirmative vote of the holders of at least 80% of the Voting Stock then outstanding, voting together as a singleclass, shall be required to alter, amend, or adopt any provision inconsistent with or repeal Article V, VI, VII or this sentence. 

**XI. Director Liability and Indemnification**

A. *Limited Liability ofDirectors.* A director of the Corporation shall not be personally liable to the Corporation or its stockholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a director, except, if required by the DGCL as amended from time to time, forliability (i) for any breach of the director’s duty of loyalty to the Corporation or its stockholders, (ii) for acts or omissions not in good faith or which involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law,(iii) under Section 174 of the DGCL, or (iv) for any transaction from which the director derived an improper personal benefit. Neither the amendment nor repeal of Section A of this Article XI shall eliminate or reduce theeffect of Section A of this Article XI in respect of any matter occurring, or any cause of action, suit or claim that, but for Section A of this Article XI would accrue or arise, prior to such amendment or repeal. 

B. *Indemnification and Insurance.*

1. *Right to Indemnification.* Each person who was or is made a party or is threatened to be made a party to or is involved in any action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrativeor investigative (hereinafter a “proceeding”), by reason of the fact that such person, or a person of whom such person is the legal representative, is or was a director or officer of the Corporation or is or was serving at the request ofthe Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation or of a partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, including service with respect to employee benefit plans, whether the basis of such proceeding is allegedaction in an official capacity as a director, officer, employee or agent or in any other capacity while serving as a director, officer, employee or agent, shall be indemnified and held harmless by the Corporation to the fullest extent authorized bythe DGCL, as the same exists or may hereafter be amended (but, in the case of any such amendment, only to the extent that such amendment permits the Corporation to provide broader indemnification rights than said law permitted the Corporation toprovide prior to such amendment), against all expense, liability and loss (including attorneys’ fees, judgments, fines, amounts paid or to be paid in settlement, and excise taxes or penalties arising under the Employee Retirement IncomeSecurity Act of 1974, as in effect from time to time) reasonably incurred or suffered by such person in connection therewith and such indemnification 

shall continue as to a person who has ceased to be a director, officer, employee or agent and shall inure to the benefit of such person’s heirs, executors and administrators; provided,however, that except as provided in Section XI(B)(2), the Corporation shall indemnify any such person seeking indemnification in connection with a proceeding (or part thereof) initiated by such person only if such proceeding (or part thereof)was authorized by the Board of Directors. The right to indemnification conferred in this Section shall be a contract right and shall include the right to have the Corporation pay the expenses incurred in defending any such proceeding in advance ofits final disposition; any advance payments to be paid by the Corporation within 20 calendar days after the receipt by the Corporation of a statement or statements from the claimant requesting such advance or advances from time to time; provided,however, that, if and to the extent the DGCL requires, the payment of such expenses incurred by a director or officer in such person’s capacity as a director or officer (and not in any other capacity in which service was or is rendered by suchperson while a director or officer, including, without limitation, service to an employee benefit plan) in advance of the final disposition of a proceeding, shall be made only upon delivery to the Corporation of an undertaking, by or on behalf ofsuch director or officer, to repay all amounts so advanced if it shall ultimately be determined that such director or officer is not entitled to be indemnified under this Section or otherwise. The Corporation may, to the extent authorized from timeto time by the Board of Directors, grant rights to indemnification, and rights to have the Corporation pay the expenses incurred in defending any proceeding in advance of its final disposition, to any employee or agent of the Corporation to thefullest extent of the provisions of this Article with respect to the indemnification and advancement of expenses of directors and officers of the Corporation. 

2. *Right of Claimant to Bring Suit.* If a claim under paragraph (1) of this Section XI(B) is not paid in full by the Corporation within 30 calendar days after a written claim has beenreceived by the Corporation, the claimant may at any time thereafter bring suit against the Corporation to recover the unpaid amount of the claim and, if successful in whole or in part, the claimant shall be entitled to be paid also the expense ofprosecuting such claim. It shall be a defense to any such action (other than an action brought to enforce a claim for expenses incurred in defending any proceeding in advance of its final disposition where the required undertaking, if any isrequired, has been tendered to the Corporation) that the claimant has not met the standard of conduct which makes it permissible under the DGCL for the Corporation to indemnify the claimant for the amount claimed, but the burden of proving suchdefense shall be on the Corporation. Neither the failure of the Corporation (including its Board of Directors, independent legal counsel, or its stockholders) to have made a determination prior to the commencement of such action that indemnificationof the claimant is proper in the circumstances because the claimant has met the applicable standard of conduct set forth in the DGCL, nor an actual determination by the Corporation (including its Board of Directors, independent legal counsel, or itsstockholders) that the claimant has not met such applicable standard of conduct, shall be a defense to the action or create a presumption that the claimant has not met the applicable standard of conduct. 

3. *Non-Exclusivity of Rights.* The right to indemnification and the payment of expenses incurred in defending aproceeding in advance of its final disposition 

conferred in this Section shall not be exclusive of any other right which any person may have or hereafter acquire under any statute, provision of this Certificate of Incorporation, By-Law,agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors or otherwise. No repeal or modification of this Section or Article shall in any way diminish or adversely affect the rights of any director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporationhereunder in respect of any occurrence or matter arising prior to any such repeal or modification. 

4.*Insurance.* The Corporation may maintain insurance, at its expense, to protect itself and any director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation or another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise against anysuch expense, liability or loss, whether or not the Corporation would have the power to indemnify such person against such expense, liability or loss under the DGCL. 

5. *Severability.* If any provision or provisions of this Article XI shall be held to be invalid, illegal orunenforceable for any reason whatsoever: (i) the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions of this Article XI (including, without limitation, each portion of any paragraph of this Article XI containing any suchprovision held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable, that is not itself held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable) shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby; and (ii) to the fullest extent possible, the provisions of thisArticle XI (including, without limitation, each such portion of any paragraph of this Article XI containing any such provision held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable) shall be construed so as to give effect to the intent manifestedby the provision held invalid, illegal or unenforceable. 

*                    *                    * 

IN WITNESSWHEREOF, the Corporation has caused this Certificate of Incorporation to be signed by its duly authorized officer on the date first written above. 

 

**QUANTUM FUEL SYSTEMS**

**TECHNOLOGIES WORLDWIDE, INC.**
By 
/s/ Alan P. Niedzwiecki
 Alan P. Niedzwiecki President and Chief Executive Officer

**STATE OF DELAWARE**

**CERTIFICATE OF AMENDMENT**

**OF CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION**

The corporation organized and existing under and byvirtue of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware does hereby certify: 

**FIRST:** That by unanimous written consent of theBoard of Directors of **Quantum Fuel Systems Technologies Worldwide, Inc.**, resolutions were duly adopted setting forth a proposed amendment of the Certificate of Incorporation of said corporation, declaring said amendment to be advisableand directing that such amendment be considered at the next annual meeting of the stockholders. The resolution setting forth the proposed amendment is as follows: 

**RESOLVED**, that the Certificate of Incorporation of this corporation be amended by changing Article IV thereof so that, as amended, the first paragraph of said Article IV shall be and read asfollows: 

The total number of shares of all classes of capital stock which the Corporation shall have the authority to issue istwo hundred seventy million (270,000,000) shares, consisting of two hundred fifty million (250,000,000) shares of common stock with a par value of $0.001 per share (the “Common Stock”) and twenty million (20,000,000) sharesof preferred stock with a par value of $0.001 per share (the “Preferred Stock”). 

**SECOND:** That thereafter, pursuant toresolution of its Board of Directors, said proposal was presented to the stockholders for consideration at the annual meeting of stockholders upon notice in accordance with Section 222 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware atwhich meeting the necessary number of shares as required by statute were voted in favor of the amendment. 

**THIRD:** That said amendmentwas duly adopted in accordance with the provisions of Section 242 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware. 

**IN WITNESS WHEREOF,** said corporation has caused this certificate to be signed this 28th day of September, 2007. 

 
By: 
       /s/ Kenneth R.Lombardo
Title: 
    CorporateSecretary
Name: 
  Kenneth R. Lombardo

**STATE OF DELAWARE**

**CERTIFICATE OF AMENDMENT**

**OF CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION**

The corporation organized and existing under and byvirtue of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware does hereby certify: 

**FIRST:** That by unanimous written consent of theBoard of Directors of **Quantum Fuel Systems Technologies Worldwide, Inc.**, resolutions were duly adopted setting forth a proposed amendment of the Certificate of Incorporation of said corporation, declaring said amendment to be advisableand directing that such amendment be considered at the next annual meeting of the stockholders for consideration thereof. The resolution setting forth the proposed amendment is as follows: 

**RESOLVED**, that the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of this corporation be amended by changing Article IV thereof so that, as amended, the first paragraph of said Article IV shallbe and read as follows: 

The total number of shares of all classes of capital stock which the Corporation shall have theauthority to issue is four hundred twenty million (420,000,000) shares, consisting of four hundred million (400,000,000) shares of common stock with a par value of $0.001 per share (the “Common Stock”) and twenty million(20,000,000) shares of preferred stock with a par value of $0.001 per share (the “Preferred Stock”). 

**SECOND:** Thatthereafter, pursuant to resolution of its Board of Directors, said proposal was presented to the stockholders of said corporation for consideration at the annual meeting of stockholders upon notice in accordance with Section 222 of the GeneralCorporation Law of the State of Delaware at which meeting the necessary number of shares as required by statute were voted in favor of the amendment. 

**THIRD:** That said amendment was duly adopted in accordance with the provisions of Section 242 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware. 

**IN WITNESS WHEREOF,** said corporation has caused this certificate to be signed this 31st day of March, 2010. 

 
By: 
       /s/ Kenneth R.Lombardo
Title: 
    CorporateSecretary
Name: 
  Kenneth R. Lombardo

**CERTIFICATE OF AMENDMENT TO THE**

**AMENDED AND RESTATED CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION**

**OF QUANTUM FUEL SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGIES WORLDWIDE, INC.**

The corporation, organized andexisting under and by virtue of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the “DGCL”), does hereby certify: 

**FIRST:** That, in accordance with Section 242 of the DGCL, at a meeting of the Board of Directors of Quantum Fuel Systems TechnologiesWorldwide, Inc. (the “Corporation”) held on June 30, 2010, resolutions were adopted setting forth the proposed amendment (the “Amendment”), declaring the Amendment to be advisable and directing that such Amendment bepresented to the Corporation’s stockholders for consideration and approval at the next annual meeting of stockholders. 

**SECOND:**That thereafter, the holders of a majority of the outstanding stock of the Corporation entitled to vote thereon approved the Amendment at the annual meeting of the Corporation’s stockholders held on October 11, 2011 in accordance withSection 242 of the DGCL. 

**THIRD:** Effective upon filing of this Certificate of Amendment with the Delaware Secretary of State, theCorporation’s Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, is hereby further amended by deleting ARTICLE IV in its entirety and replacing it with the following: 

**IV. Shares**

The total number of shares of all classes of capital stock which the Corporation shall have authority to issue is forty million (40,000,000) shares, consisting of twenty million(20,000,000) shares of common stock with a par value of $0.02 per share (the “Common Stock”) and twenty million (20,000,000) shares of preferred stock with a par value of $0.001 per share (the “Preferred Stock”). Uponthis Certificate of Amendment becoming effective (“Effective Time”), the shares of Common Stock issued and outstanding or held in treasury immediately prior to the Effective Time (the “Old Common Stock”) shall be reclassifiedinto a different number of shares of Common Stock (the “New Common Stock”) such that each twenty shares of Old Common Stock shall, at the Effective Time, be automatically reclassified into one share of New Common Stock. From and after theEffective Time, certificates representing the Old Common Stock shall represent the number of whole shares of New Common Stock into which such Old Common Stock shall have been reclassified pursuant to this Certificate of Amendment. There shall be nofractional shares issued with respect to the New Common Stock. In lieu thereof, the Corporation shall pay to each holder of any such fraction an amount equal to the fair value thereof, as determined in good faith by the Board of Directors.

A. *Preferred Stock.* Any of the shares of Preferred Stock authorized by this Amended and Restated Certificate ofIncorporation (this “Certificate of Incorporation”) may be issued from time to time in one or more series by the filing of a certificate pursuant to the DGCL (hereinafter referred to as a “Preferred Stock Designation”). Subjectto the limitations and restrictions set forth in this Article IV, the Board of Directors of the Corporation (the “Board of Directors”), by resolution or resolutions, is authorized to create or provide for any such series and to fix thedesignations, powers, preferences and relative, participating, optional or other special rights, and qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof, including, without limitation, the authority to fix or alter the dividend rights, dividendrates, conversion rights, exchange rights, voting rights, rights and terms of redemption (including sinking and purchase fund provisions), the redemption price or prices, the preferences upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Corporationand the rights in respect to any distribution of assets of any wholly unissued series of Preferred Stock and the number of shares constituting any such series, and the designation thereof, or any of them and to increase or decrease the number ofshares of any series so created, subsequent to the 

issue of that series but not below the number of shares of such series then outstanding. In case the number of shares of any series shall be so decreased, the shares constituting such decreaseshall resume the status that they had prior to the adoption of the resolution originally fixing the number of shares of such series. 

There shall be no limitation or restriction on any variation between any of the different series of Preferred Stock as to the designation, preferences and relative, participating, optional or otherspecial rights, and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof; and the several series of Preferred Stock may, except as hereinafter otherwise expressly provided, in any and all respects as fixed and determined by the Board ofDirectors, providing for the issuance of the various series; provided, however, that all shares of any one series of Preferred Stock shall have the same designation, preferences and relative, participating, optional or other special rights andqualifications, limitations and restrictions. 

Except as otherwise required by law, or as otherwise fixed by resolution orresolutions of the Board of Directors with respect to one or more series of Preferred Stock, the entire voting power and all voting rights shall be vested exclusively in the Common Stock, and each stockholder of the Corporation who at the timepossesses voting power for any purpose shall be entitled to one vote for each share of such stock standing in such stockholder’s name on the books of the Corporation. The Corporation shall exercise its power to issue Preferred Stock with theview of avoiding the issuance of fractional shares. No stockholder shall have the right to split whole shares into fractions. 

B. *Common Stock.* Any of the shares of Common Stock authorized by this Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation may beissued from time to time in one or more series. Subject to the limitations and restrictions set forth in this Article IV, the Board of Directors, by resolution or resolutions, is authorized to create or provide for any such series and to fix thedesignations, powers, preferences and relative rights and restrictions thereof. One hundred thousand (100,000) shares of the authorized shares of Common Stock are hereby designated Series B common stock (the “Series B Common”). Therelative powers, rights and restrictions granted to or imposed upon the Common Stock, Series B Common, or upon the holders thereof, are set forth below. Except as otherwise provided for herein, all issued and outstanding shares of Common Stock,whether or not separately designated as a series of Common Stock, including the Series B Common, and the holders thereof shall have the same powers and rights. 

1. *Dividends.* The holders of shares of all series of Common Stock shall be entitled to receive such dividends as from time to time may be declared by the Board of Directors, subject to theprovisions of Subdivision A of this Article IV with respect to rights of holders of the Preferred Stock. The holders of all series of Common Stock shall share ratably, based upon the number of shares of Common Stock or Series B Common held by them,in all dividends to which the holders of Common Stock may be entitled. 

2. *Liquidation.* Upon any liquidation,dissolution or winding up of the Corporation, whether voluntary or involuntary, after any preferential amounts to be distributed to the holders of any series of Preferred Stock then outstanding, the holders of all series of Common Stock shall shareratably, based upon the number of shares of Common Stock or Series B Common held by them, in all of the remaining assets of the Corporation available for distribution to its stockholders. 

3. *Voting.* Except as otherwise provided by law and subject to the provisions set forth in this Article IV, the holders of allseries of Common Stock issued and outstanding shall be entitled to vote one vote for each share thereof held on all matters. Except as otherwise provided by law or by any Preferred Stock Designation, the Common Stock shall have the exclusive rightto vote for the election of directors, and holders of Preferred Stock shall not be entitled to receive notice of any meeting of stockholders at which they are not entitled to vote. The number of authorized shares of Preferred Stock may be increasedor decreased (but not below the number of shares thereof then outstanding) by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding Common Stock, without a vote of the holders of the Preferred

Stock, or of any series thereof, unless a vote of any such holders is required pursuant to any Preferred Stock Designation. 

4. *Certain Defined Terms.*

4.1(a) “Issued and Outstanding Common Shares” shall mean the issued and outstanding shares of Common Stock and all series of Common Stock. 

4.1(b) “Extraordinary Common Stock Event” shall mean (i) the issuance of additional shares of Common Stock as a dividendor other distribution on outstanding Common Stock, (ii) a subdivision of outstanding shares of Common Stock into a greater number of shares of Common Stock, or (iii) a combination of outstanding shares of Common Stock into a smaller numberof shares of Common Stock. 

5. *Designation of Powers and Rights of Series B Common.* The Series B Common authorizedunder this Certificate of Incorporation shall be convertible into shares of Common Stock, as described in Section 5.3 below. In addition to the powers, rights, restrictions and other matters relating to the Common Stock described above, theSeries B Common shall have the following additional rights and restrictions: 

5.1 *No Right To Vote*. Except as isotherwise specifically required by law, the holders of the Series B Common shall not be entitled to vote on any matters and shall not be entitled to receive notice of any meeting of stockholders at which they are not entitled to vote. 

5.2 *Anti-Dilution Protection.* Upon the happening of an Extraordinary Common Stock Event (as defined in Section 4.1(b) above)after the date this Certificate of Amendment is filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware, the number of outstanding shares of Series B Common shall be adjusted, upward or downward, to that number of shares of Series B Common thatis equal to the percentage of the Issued and Outstanding Common Stock (as defined in Section 4.1 (a) above) that the holders of the Series B Common held immediately prior to the Extraordinary Common Stock Event. If any such adjustmentshall result in the reduction of the number of shares of outstanding Series B Common, the holders of certificates representing such shares shall surrender such certificates to the Corporation or its transfer agent for cancellation; provided,however, that the Corporation shall not be obligated to issue certificates evidencing the shares of Series B Common issuable upon such adjustment but shall maintain adequate records, accessible to each holder of Series B Common setting forth theeffective date of the adjustment, the amount of the required adjustment and the computation thereof. The number of shares of outstanding Series B Common, as so adjusted, shall be readjusted in the same manner upon the happening of any successiveExtraordinary Common Stock Event or Events. 

5.3 *Automatic Conversion.* Upon the transfer by sale or gift or other meansof irrevocable transfer of any of the outstanding shares of Series B Common to any person, corporation, trust or other entity which is an Unaffiliated Holder (as defined below), the transferred shares of Series B Common shall be automaticallyconverted into an equal number of shares of Common Stock. The Corporation shall, as soon as practicable after receiving notice of such a transfer, issue and deliver to the Unaffiliated Holder in exchange for the transferred shares of Series BCommon, a certificate or certificates for the number of shares of Common Stock to which it shall be entitled as aforesaid. Upon such conversion and notwithstanding that the certificates evidencing such shares of Series B Common shall not havebeen surrendered, the shares so converted shall be deemed cancelled and shall not be issuable by the Corporation, the rights of the holders of the Series B Common with respect to such shares shall terminate and the authority of the Corporation toissue the transferred shares of Series B Common shall terminate. This Certificate of Incorporation shall be appropriately amended from time to time to effect the change in the Corporation’s authorized capital stock. For purposes of thepreceding provisions of this section, an “Unaffiliated Holder” shall mean a natural person, corporation, partnership, trust or other entity that is not 

controlled by, or under common control with, General Motors, LLC, as determined by majority vote of the Board of Directors, excluding any directors nominated by or serving as representatives ofGeneral Motors Corporation; provided, further, that any direct or indirect ownership of an entity that represents twenty percent (20%) or more of the total voting power in an election of directors or managers shall be deemed a controllinginterest, absent conclusive evidence to the contrary. 

**FOURTH:** This Certificate of Amendment will be effective at 12:01 a.m. EST onFebruary 8, 2011. 

**IN WITNESS WHEREOF,** said corporation has caused this certificate to be signed this 7th day of February, 2011.

 
By: 
/s/ Kenneth R. Lombardo
Name: Kenneth R. LombardoTitle: Corporate Secretary

**CERTIFICATE OF AMENDMENT TO THE**

**AMENDED AND RESTATED CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION**

**OF QUANTUM FUEL SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGIES WORLDWIDE, INC.**

The corporation, organized andexisting under and by virtue of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the “DGCL”), does hereby certify: 

**FIRST:** That, by unanimous written consent of the Board of Directors of Quantum Fuel Systems Technologies Worldwide, Inc. (the“Corporation”), resolutions were adopted setting forth a proposed amendment (the “Amendment”), declaring the Amendment to be advisable and directing that such Amendment be presented to the Corporation’s stockholders forconsideration and approval at a special meeting of stockholders. 

**SECOND:**That thereafter, the holders of a majority of the outstandingstock of the Corporation entitled to vote thereon approved the Amendment at the special meeting of the Corporation’s stockholders in accordance with Section 242 of the DGCL. 

**THIRD:** Effective upon filing of this Certificate of Amendment with the Delaware Secretary of State, ARTICLE IV of the Corporation’s Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, asamended, is hereby further amended by deleting the first paragraph of ARTICLE IV in its entirety and replacing it with the following: 

The total number of shares of all classes of capital stock which the Corporation shall have the authority to issue is seventy million (70,000,000) shares, consisting of fifty million(50,000,000) shares of common stock with a par value of per share of $0.02 (the “Common Stock”) and twenty million (20,000,000) shares of preferred stock with a par value of $0.001 per share (the “Preferred Stock”).

**FOURTH:** This Certificate of Amendment will be effective upon filing. 

**IN WITNESS WHEREOF,** said corporation has caused this certificate to be signed this 11th day of May, 2011. 

 

**QUANTUM FUEL SYSTEMS**

**TECHNOLOGIES WORLDWIDE, INC.**

/s/ Kenneth R. Lombardo
By: Kenneth R. LombardoIts: Corporate Secretary