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Moon S Kim    Research Leader USDA, ARS, NEA, BARC, EMFSL10300 Baltimore Ave.Building 303 BARC-East, Room 001ABeltsville, MD 20705-2350 USAPhone: 301.504.8462Fax: 301.504.9466 www.ars.usda.gov/nea/emfsl/moonkim  **Research Area**Dr. Kim is lead scientist for the EMFSL Sensing Technologies group, which is developing hyperspectral and multispectral imaging technologies to assess safety and quality of agricultural products and food ingredients. His current research areas include the development of rapid automated systems for online inspection of fresh produce, and the development of portable imaging devices using multispectral fluorescence and reflectance imaging and protocols for use in food safety/security inspection applications. Dr. Kim is also one of eleven USDA-ARS supergrade (ST) scientists who are located at the Beltsville Agricultural Research Center and make up the Beltsville Supergrade Committee. Click here to see Moon Kim's research projects (list drawn from ARS database). Spotlights header imagePhoto: Dr. Moon Kim and Dr. Jianwei Qin adjust test a multimodal imaging system being developed in collaboration with NASA Kennedy Space Center for future use in controlled-environment growth chambers for food crops on space missions.
Watch What You Eat . . . From SpaceARS scientists are collaborating with rsearchers at NASA Kennedy Space Center to develop automated, multimodal spectral imaging systems to help detect early stages of stress and disease to minimize losses of ready-to-eat food crops in controlled-environment growth chambers, for future use on spaceflight m issions.Featured in a 2021 Tellus article.   **Patents and Publications** Patents and recent peer-reviewed publications are listed below. Click here to see selected publications published between 2000-2014. Full-text reprints for some can be downloaded in PDF format. A list of publications drawn from the ARS database for Moon Kim is also available, with access to an abstract/summary for each publication. Patents **Kim, M.S.**, Chao, K., Lefcourt, A., Lee, K., Kang, S., and Chan, D. Single-camera angled conveyance imaging method and apparatus for whole-surface inspection of rotating objects. US Patent # 9,568,438. USPTO, February 14, 2017.
**Kim, M.S.**, Chao, K., Bannon, D. Method of determining histamine concentration in fish. US Patent #9,176,110. USPTO, November, 3, 2015.
**Kim, M.S.**, Chao, K., Cho, B.K., and Lee, K. Single-camera multi-mirror imaging method and apparatus for whole-surface inspection of rotating objects. US Patent # 8,988,523 B1. USPTO, March 24, 2015.
Chao, K., Chen, Y.R., **Kim, M.S.**, Chan, D.E., and Yang, C. Method and system for wholesomeness inspection of freshly slaughtered chickens on a processing line. US Patent # 8,625,856. USPTO, January 7, 2014.
Chao, K., **Kim, M.S.**, Lefcourt, Tuschel, D., Olkhovyk, O, and Liu, Y. Systems and Methods for Detecting Contaminants in a Sample. US Patent #, 8,467,052. USPTO, June 18, 2013.
**Kim, M.S.**, Lefcourt, A., Chao, K., Chen, Y.R., Senecal, A., Marek, P. Hand-held inspection tool and method. US Patent #8,310,544 B2. USPTO, Nov 7, 2012.
Chao, K., Chen, Y.R., **Kim, M.S.**, Chan, D.E., and Yang, C. Method and system for wholesomeness inspection of freshly slaughtered chickens on a processing line. US Patent # 8,126,213. USPTO, Feb. 28, 2012.
**Kim, M.S.**, Chen, Y., Chao, K., and Lefcourt, A.M. Simultaneous acquisition of fluorescence and reflectance imaging techniques with a single imaging device for multitask inspection. US Patent # 7,787,111, USPTO. Aug. 31, 2010.
Lefcourt, A.M., **Kim, M.S.**, and Chen, Y.R. Use of Nanosecond Scale, Time-Resolved, Imaging to Differentiate Contemporaneous Fluorescence Responses For Multiple Substances. US Patent, #7,547,508. USPTO. June 16, 2009.
**Kim, M.S.**, Lefcourt, A.M., and Chen, Y.R. Method to detect exposed bone fragments during processing of meat or fish. US Patent #7,460,227, USPTO. Dec. 2, 2008.
(Pending) Schmidt, W.F., **Kim, M.S.**, Chao, K., Shelton, D.R. Variable temperature thermodynamic Raman spectroscopy method and apparatus. USPTO, Provisional Patent application submitted. January 2015.
(Pending) Chao, K., **Kim, M.S.**, and Qin, J. Line-scan Raman imaging method and apparatus for rapid evaluation of large samples. USPTO, Utility Patent application submitted October 2013. 2017 Publications (peer-reviewed) Broadhurst, C.L., Schmidt, W.F., Nguyen, J.K., Qin, J., Chao, K., Aubuchon, S.R., and **Kim, M.S.** Continuous gradient temperature Raman spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry of N-3DPA and DHA from -100 to 10°C. Chemistry and Physics of Lipids, 204:94-104.doi:10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2017.03.002
Mo, C., **Kim, M.S.**, Kim, G., Lim, J., Delwiche, S.R., Chao, K., Lee, H., and Cho, B. Spatial assessment of soluble solid contents on apple slices using hyperspectral imaging. Biosystems Engineering, 159:10-21.doi:10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2017.03.015
Mo, C. Kim, G., **Kim, M.S.**, Lim, J., Lee, K., Lee, W., and Cho, B. On-line fresh-cut lettuce quality measurement using hyperspectral imaging. Biosystems Engineering, 156:38-50.doi:10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2017.01.005<
Schmidt, W.F., Hapeman, C.J., McConnell, L.L., Rice, C.P., Broadhurst, C.L., Nguyen, J.K., Qin, J., Chao, K., **Kim, M.S.**, Shelton, D.R. Using torsional forces to explain the gradient temperature Raman spectra of endosulfan isomers and its irreversible isomerization. Journal of Molecular Structure, 1130, 1-35. 2017.doi:10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.02.086 2016 Publications (peer-reviewed) Broadhurst, C. L., Schmidt, W. F., **Kim, M.S.**, Nguyen, J.K., Qin, J, Chao, K., Bauchan, G. L, Shelton, D.R. Continuous gradient temperature Raman spectroscopy of Oleic Acid and Linoleic Acids from- 100 to 50°C. Lipids, 11:1-14. 2016.doi:10.1007/s11745-016-4194-1
Broadhurst, C. L., Schmidt, W. F., **Kim, M.S.**, Nguyen, J. K., Qin, J., Chao, K., Bauchan, G. L., and Shelton, D. R. Continuous gradient temperature Raman spectroscopy of N-6DPA and DHA from −100 to 20 °C. Chemistry and Physics of Lipids, 200, 1–10. 2016. doi:10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2016.06.003
Cho, H.J., Lee, H.J., Kim, S.Y., Kim, D.H., Lefcourt, A.M., Chan, D.E., Chung, S.H., **Kim, M.S.**. Potential application of fluorescence imaging for assessing fecal contamination of soil and compost maturity. Applied Science. 6:243-254. 2016.doi:10.3390/app6090243
Dhakal, S., Chao, K., Qin, J., **Kim, M.S.**, Chan, D.E. Raman spectral imaging for quantitative contaminant evaluation in skim milk powder. Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization. 10(2):374-386. 2016.doi:10.1007/s11694-016-9316-1
Dhakal, S., Chao, K., Qin, J., 20. , Schmidt, W., and Chan, D.E. Parameter selection for Raman spectroscopy-based detection of chemical contaminants in food powders. Transactions of the ASABE. 59(2):751-763. 2016.doi:10.13031/trans.59.11476
Dhakal, S., Chao, K., Schmidt, W.F., Qin, J., **Kim, M.S.**, Chan, D.E. Evaluation of turmeric powder adulterated with metanil yellow using FT-Raman and FT-IR spectroscopy. Foods. 5(2): 36-51. 2016.doi:10.3390/foods5020036
Everard, C.D., **Kim, M.S.**, Cho, H.J., and O'Donnell, C.P. Hyperspectral fluorescence imaging using violet LEDs as excitation sources for fecal matter contaminate identification on spinach leaves. J. Food. Measure., 10:56. 2016.doi:10.1007/s11694-015-9276-x
Everard, C., Lee, H.Y., and **Kim, M.S.**. Assessment of a handheld fluorescence imaging device as an aid for detection of food residues on processing surfaces. Food Control, 59:243-249. 2016. doi:10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.05.030
Huang, M., Delwiche, S.R., **Kim, M.S.**, Chao, K., Qin, J., Mo, C., Esquerre, C., and Zhu, Q. Quantitative analysis of melamine in milk powders using near-infrared hyperspectral imaging and band ratio. J. Food Engineering, 181:10-19. 2016.doi:10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2016.02.017
Huang, M., **Kim, M.S.**, Chao, K., Qin, J., Mo, C., Esquerre, C., Delwiche, S.R., and Zhu, Q. Penetration depth measurement of near-infrared hyperspectral imaging light for milk powder. Sensors, 16 (4):441. 2016.doi:10.3390/s16040441
Lee, H., **Kim, M.S.**, Lim, H., Park, E., Lee, W., and Cho, B. Detection of cucumber green mottle mosaic virus-infected watermelon seeds using a near-infrared (NIR) hyperspectral imaging system: Application to seeds of the "Sambok Honey" cultivar. Biosystems Engineering, 148:138-147. 2016. doi:10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2016.05.014
Lim, J.G., Kim, G.Y., Mo, C.Y. **Kim, M.S.**, Chao, K., Qin, J., Fu, X., Baek, I, and Cho, B.K. Detection of melamine in milk powders using near-infrared hyperspectral imaging combined with regression coefficient of partial least square regression model. Talanta, 151: 183-191. 2016.doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2016.01.035
Lohumi, S, Lee, S., Lee, H.S., **Kim, M.S.**, Lee, W.H., and Cho, B.K. Application of hyperspectral imaging for characterization of intramuscular fat distribution in beef. Infrared Physics & Technology 74: 1-10. 2016.doi:10.1016/j.infrared.2015.11.004
Oh, M., Kim, E.K., Jeon, B.T., Tang, Y., **Kim, M.S.**, Seong, H.J., Moon, S.H. Chemical compositions, free amino acid contents and antioxidant activities of Hanwoo (Bos taurus coreanae) beef by cut. Meat Science, 119:16-21. 2016.doi:10.1016/j.meatsci.2016.04.016
Pyo, J.C., Ha, S.H., Pachepsky, Y., Lee, H., Ha, R., Nam, G.B., **Kim, M.S.**, Im, J.H., and Cho, K.H. Chlorophyll-a concentration estimation with three bio-optical algorithms: correction for the low concentration range for the Yiam Reservoir, Korea. Remote Sensing Letter, 7(5): 407-416. 2016.doi:10.1080/2150704X.2016.1142680
Qin, J., **Kim, M.S.**, Schmidt, W.F., Cho, B.K., Peng, Y., and Chao, K., A line-scan hyperspectral Raman system for spatially offset Raman spectroscopy, J of Raman Spectroscopy. 47(4):437-443. 2016. 2016.doi:10.1002/jrs.4825
Qin, J., Chao, K, Cho, B.K., and **Kim, M.S.**, Line-scan macro-scale Raman chemical imaging for authentication of powdered foods and ingredients. Food and Bioprocess Technology. 9(1):113-123. 2016. 2015 Publications (peer-reviewed) Baek, I., **Kim, M.S.**, Lee, H.S., Lee, W.H., and Cho, B. Optimal fluorescence waveband determination for detecting defect cherry tomatoes using fluorescence excitation-emission matrix. Sensors, 14(11):21483-21496. 2014.doi:10.3390/s141121483
Beck, E.A., Lefcourt, A., Lo, Y.M., and **Kim, M.S.**. Use of a portable fluorescence imaging device to facilitate cleaning of deli slicers. Food Control, 51:256-262. 2015.doi:10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.11.031
Garrido-Novell, C., Perez-Marin, D., Guerrero-Ginel, J., **Kim, M.S.**, and Garrido-Varo, A. Quantification and spatial characterization of moisture and NaCl content of Iberian dry-cured ham slices using NIR hyperspectral imaging. J. Food Eng., 153:117-123. 2015. doi:10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2014.09.035
Kandpal, L., Lee, S.D., **Kim, M.S.**, Bae, H., and Cho, B. Short wave infrared (SW-IR) hyperspectral imaging technique for examination of aflatoxin B_1 on corn kernels. Food Control, 51:171-176. 2015.
Lee, H., Park, S.H., Noh, S.A., Lim, J.K. and **Kim, M.S.** Development of a portable 3CCD camera system for multispectral imaging of biological samples. Sensors, 14(11):20262-20273. 2014.doi:10.3390/s141120262
Lefcourt, A., Beck, E.A., Lo, Y.M., and **Kim, M.S.**. Using Hyperspectral Fluorescence Spectra of Deli Commodities to Select Wavelengths for Surveying Deli Food Contact SurfacesJ. of Biosystems Eng., 40(2):145-152. 2015.doi:10.5307/JBE.2015.40.2.145
Lim, J.G., Kim, G.Y., Mo, C.Y. and **Kim, M.S.**. Design and fabrication of a real-time measurement system for the capsaicinoid content of Korean red pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) powder by VNIR spectroscopy. Sensors, 15(11): 27420-27435. 2015. doi:10.3390/s151127420
Mo, C.Y., **Kim, M.S.**, Kim, G.Y., Cheng, E.J., Yang, J., and Lim, J.K. Detecting Drought Stress in Soybean Plants Using Hyperspectral Fluorescence Imaging. J. Biosystems Engineering, 40(4):335-344. 2015. doi:10.5307/JBE.2015.40.4.335
Mo, C., **Kim, M.S.**, Lim, J., Cho, B., Lee, K., and Kim, G. Multispectral fluorescence imaging technique for discrimination of cucumber seed viability. Trans. ASABE, 58(4): 959-968. 2015. doi:10.13031/trans.58.10944
Mo, C., Kim, G.Y., Lim, J.K., **Kim, M.S.**, Cho, H.J., and Cho, B.K. Detection of lettuce discoloration using hyperspectral reflectance imaging. Sensors. 15(12):29511-29534. 2015.doi:10.3390/s151129511
Schmidt, W.F., Broadhurst, C.L., Qin, J., Lee, H., Nguyen, J.K., Chao, K., Shelton, D.R., and **Kim, M.S.** Continuous Temperature Dependent Raman Spectroscopy of Melamine and Structural Analogs and Detection in Milk Powder. Applied Spectroscopy, 69(3):398-406. 2015.Available at:www.osapublishing.org/as/abstract.cfm?URI=as-69-3-398
Schmidt, W.F., **Kim, M.S.**, Nguyen, J.K., Qin, J., Lee, H., Broadhurst, C.L., and Shelton, D.R. Continuous gradient temperature Raman Spectroscopy identifies flexible sites in proline and alanine peptides. Vibrational Spectroscopy. 80:59-65. 2015.doi:10.1016/j.vibspec.2015.07.003
Wakholi, C., Cho, B.K., Mo, C., and **Kim, M.S.** Current State of Postharvest Fruit and Vegetable Management in East Africa. J. Biosystems Engineering, 40(3):238-249. 2015.doi:10.5307/JBE.2015.40.3.238
Yang, C.C., Garrido-Novell., C., Perez-Marin, D., Guerrero-Ginel, J.E., Garrido-Varo, A., Cho, H.J., and **Kim, M.S.** Differentiation of beef and fish meals in animal feeds using chemometric analytic models. J. of Biosystems Eng., 40(2):153-158. 2015.doi:10.5307/JBE.2015.40.2.153


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