# Patent

## Title
System, apparatus and method for using and managing digital information

## Abstract

A system, apparatus and method for using, identifying, interacting and managing digital information in a useful and convenient manner. When a digital representation of information is loaded, an index is constructed of unique terms in the information, which index includes the terms, a count of the occurrences of each term in the information and a reference to each location wherein the term occurs in the information. A user can select a term of interest from the index and a context box comprising a user-selected amount of information from before and/or after each occurrence of the selected term is displayed to the user to allow the user to more readily identify portions of the information which are of interest. The user can select one a context box of interest and the display of the information is repositioned to the location in the information which corresponds to the select box. A user can also create a knowledge base entry from each identified and/or selected portion of the information, which knowledge base can be searched in a variety of manners.

## Background
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a system, apparatus and method for using and managing digital information. More specifically, the present invention relates to a system, apparatus and method for identifying and interacting with digital representations of information, in a useful and convenient manner.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
With the omnipresence of computers and the Internet, increasing amounts of information are created, distributed and/or accessed in digital form. Examples of such digital forms of information, including text and graphics information, include Adobe's Acrobat (pdf) format, HTML and/or SGML formats, various word processor formats (such as Microsoft Word's ‘doc’ format or Corel WordPerfect's ‘wpd’ format), video formats including Apple's QuickTime MOV format and Microsoft's AVI format, MPEG compressed video and many others. Information can be created in, or converted to or between, these formats and distributed and/or stored in them as desired.
While this revolution in distribution and representation of information has many advantages, it does suffer from some disadvantages. For example, especially in view of the development of the Internet, the amount of information available on a macroscopic level can be overwhelming, making it difficult or impossible to recognize relevant information even after it has been located. Specifically, it is not uncommon that a search of the Internet on any common topic will return several hundreds of possible documents of interest which must be reviewed by a user to determine the relevance of the documents to the topic.
On a microscopic level, when a document is under consideration, it can be difficult to find the portions of that document which are of interest or significance. This is especially true for long documents which cannot be displayed on one or two screen displays of a computer monitor, such as legal decisions, technical documents, patents, stories, etc.
It is therefore desired to have a system, apparatus and method which makes easier the identification and interaction with information represented and/or stored in digital form.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of the present invention to provide a novel system, apparatus and method for using and managing digital representations of information.
According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of using and managing information represented in a digital form, comprising the steps of:

    
    
        (i) selecting a set of digital information;
        (ii) constructing an index of unique terms in said selected digital information, said index further including a count of the occurrence of each term in the digital information and a reference to the location of each occurrence of each unique term in said digital information;
        (iii) displaying said index to a user;
        (iv) receiving input from said user to select a displayed term and constructing a context box for each occurrence of said selected term, said context box comprising a user-selected amount of said digital information occurring before and/or after the occurrence of said term and displaying said constructed context boxes to said user;
        (v) receiving input from said user to select one of said constructed context boxes and displaying said portion of said digital information containing said referenced location of said occurrence of said term to said user.
    
    


Preferably, the method also comprises the step of applying a filter to said index, prior to step (iv) to remove terms not of interest to said user.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a system for using and managing information represented in a digital format, comprising:

    
    
        storage for maintaining information represented in digital form;
        user input means;
        user output means;
        a computer connected to said storage, user input means and user output means, said computer operable to:
        
            (a) load and display said information to a user with said user output means;
            (b) construct an index of unique terms in said information, said index comprising a count of the occurrence of each term in the digital information and a reference to the location of each occurrence of each unique term in said digital information;
            (c) display said index to said user;
            (d) receive input from said user representing a selection of a term of interest;
            (e) construct and display to said user a context bow for each occurrence of said selected term, each context box including a user-selected amount of said digital information from before and/or after said occurrence of said selected term in said information; and
            (f) receive input from said user representing the selection of a context box of interest and updating said display of said digital information to said user to display the location of the occurrence corresponding to said selected context box.
        
        
    
    





BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the attached Figures, wherein:
FIG. 1 shows a system, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, for identifying, using and managing digital information;
FIG. 2 shows a flowchart of an indexing process in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 3 shows a screen display of an html browser including an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 shows a screen display of the html browser of FIG. 3 wherein an index window is shown in context mode;
FIG. 5 shows a form for creating a new entry in a knowledge base, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 shows the results of a keyword search in a knowledge base; and
FIG. 7 shows the results of a creation date search in a knowledge base.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
For clarity, the following discussion of the present invention relates to an embodiment employed with an html browser. The present invention is not limited to use with html browsers and the present invention can also be used with application programs, browsers for other formats, etc. which allow the viewing and/or interacting with information represented in other digital formats (eg.—pdf, doc, wpd, etc.).
FIG. 1 shows a system 20 for using and managing digital information in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. System 20 includes a computer 24, including a microprocessor or the like, RAM memory, etc. and executing an operating system and one or more applications programs. For example, computer 24 can be an IBM PC compatible computer including an Intel Pentium II processor and executing the Microsoft Windows 98 operating system.
Computer 24 can be connected to a mass storage device 28, such as a LAN file server, CDROM or other storage device, and/or to a communications network 32, such as the internet. Computer 24 is also connected to a user input device, such as a keyboard 36 and/or a pointing device 40 and to a user output device 44, such as a computer monitor, LCD panel or television.
Digital information to be used and/or managed with the present invention can be stored on mass storage device 28 and accessed by computer 24 or can be accessed by computer 24 via communications network 32.
In an embodiment of the present invention, a plugin is provided for an html browser, which plugin and browser are executed by computer 24. When digital information is loaded into such a browser, the plugin operates as described below to organize the information. While the following discussion presumes the use of a plugin, the present invention is not so limited and can be implemented as a standalone program or as an application program integrated with program functions to create the digital information display on user output means 44.
Specifically, as shown in FIG. 2, the method of the present invention commences at step 100 where digital information, selected by a user via user input means or otherwise selected, is loaded into computer 24 from mass storage device 28 or from communications network 32. At step 104, an index of terms within the digital information is constructed, including an occurrence count for each term, is constructed. In a present embodiment of the invention, “terms” comprise words in the document, although it is also contemplated that “terms” can include figures, graphics, audio and/or video included in the digital information.
When constructed, this index preferably comprises a list of each unique term and includes references between each term and a reference to its location within the digital information, as described below in more detail.
At step 108, any Dictionaries that have been selected by the user are applied to the Index to filter the index. Dictionaries are lists of terms defined by a user and dictionaries can be defined to remove included terms from the index, for example it is contemplated that most users will wish to employ a dictionary to remove articles, prepositions participles and other words of little interest from the index. In addition, dictionaries can also be defined by a user to specify the only terms to be included in the index. For example, a user may be interested only in portions of the digital information which relate to a specific topic and such a user can define a dictionary which contains those terms the user believes relevant to that topic. In such a case, after step 108 is performed, only the occurrences of those terms in the defined dictionary will be included in the index.
At step 112, the developed and, if applicable, filtered index is displayed to the user. It is presently preferred that the index be displayed in a window adjacent the digital information being displayed to the user.
FIG. 3 shows an html browser 200 which includes a window 204 wherein the digital information is displayed to the user. Another window 208 is displayed adjacent to window 204 and lists the terms of the index constructed for the digital information, in this case an html document, being displayed in window 204. The terms of window 208 can be ordered in a variety of manners including, alphabetic order, as shown, reverse alphabetic order, frequency count order or reverse frequency count order, as desired by the user and as appropriate to the type of terms (words, graphics, etc.). It should be apparent to those of skill in the art that, the html document displayed in window 204 can in fact comprise many tens, or more, of full windows of information through which the user can scroll as desired, but that the index in window 208 is not limited to those terms presently displayed in window 208, but is instead constructed for the entire html document. In the Figure, pop-up menu 212 shows one mechanism whereby a user can select a dictionary to apply to an index.
As mentioned above, in addition to the terms and their frequency of occurrence, the index constructed at step 104 also maintains a reference between each term of the index and the location of each occurrence of that term in the digital information. For example, the word “computer” may occur three times in an html document and the term “computer” in the constructed index will have three references, one to each of the three locations in the document. A reference can be an offset from the beginning of the document, or any other method for locating a position within the document.
Selecting a term in window 208 changes window 208 from index mode to context mode, as shown in FIG. 4. A user can select an indexed term from those displayed in window 208 by any suitable selection method, such as by double clicking it with pointing device 40 and, in FIG. 4, the user has selected the term “activist” from the index in window 208. In context mode, each occurrence of the selected term is displayed in window 208. As shown in FIG. 3, there are three occurrences of “activist” in the html document of window 204 and, in context mode, the context for each occurrence of the selected term is displayed in window 208.
Specifically, a user-selected amount of information, in this example a number of words, before and/or after each occurrence of the selected term is displayed in window 208 to create a context box 216 which better enables a user to identify the occurrences of the selected term that are most of interest. When an occurrence is identified as being of interest, the user can select the particular context box 216 and the reference between the term and its location of occurrence is used to move the display of the document in window 204 to the position wherein that occurrence is located, which movement has already occurred in FIG. 4 where the bottommost context box 216 had been selected by a user. Additional context boxes 216 can be selected, as desired, to examine other portions of the document. Thus, the present invention allows a user to quickly and easily identify and locate portions of a document which are conceivably of interest to the user. Should the user wish to consult the indexed terms again, the index can be accessed by selecting the tab labeled “Index” at the top of window 208.
In addition to identifying and locating portions of documents of interest, the present invention also allows a user to construct a database, referred to herein as a knowledge base, of information of interest from collections of documents. Specifically, a user can construct a database of information of interest by selecting digital information of interest, by a suitable selection method such as highlighting text displayed in window 204 with pointing device 40, and selecting the menu entry “Save to Kbase” as shown on pop-up menu 220 in FIG. 4.
FIG. 5 shows the knowledge base creation form which is displayed to a user to create an entry. As shown, the selected digital information of interest, in this example text, appears in the form and the user adds a title, zero or more keywords appropriate to the entry, and assigns a category, which can be selected from a drop down menu if pre-existing, or which can be created by pressing the “Create new” box.
FIG. 6 shows a typical entry which has been created in a knowledge base. As shown, each entry is shown in a window 240 and includes the date the entry was created, the keywords, if any, defined by the user when the entry is created, the title, a context excerpt from information of interest and a pointer to locate the original document from which the entry was created. In the case of an html document, the pointer can be a URL. The entry can also include a reference, such as an offset from the beginning of the document, to identify and return to the location within the document where the information of interest occurs.
The knowledge base can be examined and/or searched on a variety of basis. For example, in FIG. 6 the keyword “license” has been used to locate an entry. In FIG. 7, the date on which the entry was created has been used to locate an entry. Other alternatives to locating entries can include, the source locations of the entries (URL's, etc.), the identity of the user who created the entry (in the case of a shared knowledge base), etc.
As will be apparent, knowledge bases allow users to manage and organize relevant portions of information represented in digital form in a convenient and useful manner. Information sources can be easily re-accessed in appropriate manners, such as by clicking on a URL, if it is desired to examine other portions of the source information and a user can search for information using categories and keyword schemes that they have defined.
The above-described embodiments of the invention are intended to be examples of the present invention and alterations and modifications may be effected thereto, by those of skill in the art, without departing from the scope of the invention which is defined solely by the claims appended hereto.

## Claims

1. A method of using and managing information represented in a digital form, comprising the steps of:
(i) selecting an electronic document, said document including at least one of text, audio, video and graphic digital information; 
(ii) constructing an index of terms in said document, said index including a count of the occurrence of each said term in the document and a reference to a location in the document of each said occurrence of each said term; 
(iii) displaying said terms to a user; 
(iv) receiving input from said user to select a displayed one of the terms, constructing a respective context box for each said occurrence of said selected term, each said context box comprising a user-selected amount of digital information proximate to said selected term in said document, and displaying said context boxes to said user; and 
(v) receiving input from said user to select one of said displayed context boxes, and in a single display window distinct from said selected context box displaying said digital information associated with said selected context box and a portion of said document proximate to said displayed digital information and excluded from the selected context box.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of applying a filter to said constructed index to remove terms which are not of interest therefrom.

3. The method of claim 1, further comprising the steps of:
(a) a user identifying an occurrence of a term which is of interest; 
(b) said user selecting a portion of said digital information adjacent said occurrence of said term and creating a database entry including said selected portion of digital information.

4. A system for using and managing information represented in a digital format, comprising:
storage for maintaining at least one electronic document; 
user input means; 
user output means; 
a computer connected to said storage, user input means and user output means, said computer operable to: 
(a) display said electronic document on said user output means; 
(b) construct an index of terms in said electronic document, said index comprising a count of the occurrence of each said term in the electronic document and a reference to a location in the document of each said occurrence of each said term; 
(c) display said terms to said user output means; 
(d) receive input from said user input means representing a selection of one of the displayed terms; 
(e) construct a respective context box for each said occurrence of said selected term, each said context box including a user-selected amount of digital information proximate to said selected term in said electronic document, and display said constructed context boxes on said user output means; and 

(f) receive input from said user input means representing a selection of one of said displayed context boxes and in a single display window distinct from said selected context box displaying said digital information associated with said selected context box, and a portion of said document proximate to said displayed digital information and excluded from the selected context box.

5. A system according to claim 4, wherein said computer is further operable to apply a filter to said constructed index, said filter removing terms which are not of interest to said user.

6. A computer-readable medium including processing instructions for managing with a general purpose computer information represented in a digital format, the processing instructions when loaded into the computer being configured to cause the computer to perform the steps of:
(i) displaying a list of terms used in an electronic document, the electronic document including one of text, audio, video and graphic digital information; 
(ii) receiving a selection of one of the displayed terms; 
(iii) constructing a respective context box for each occurrence of the selected term in the document, each said context box including an amount of the digital information proximate to said selected term in said document; 
(iv) displaying said context boxes; 
(v) receiving a selection of one of the displayed context boxes; and 
(vi) in a single display window distinct from said selected context box displaying said digital information associated with said selected context box and a portion of said document proximate to said displayed digital information and excluded from the selected context box.

7. The computer-readable medium of claim 6, wherein the processing instructions are configured to cause the computer to perform the further step of filtering said list of terms to remove therefrom terms which are not of interest.