FDIC QUARTERLY A

Quarterly

2022

Volume 16, Number 1

Federal Deposit 

Insurance Corporation

Quarterly Banking Profile:

Fourth Quarter 2021

Consumer Lending Through the 

Pandemic and the Recovery

2021 Summary of Deposits 

Highlights
FDIC QUARTERLY

The FDIC Quarterly is published by the Division of Insurance and Research of the 

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation and contains a comprehensive summary of the 

most current financial results for the banking industry. Feature articles appearing in the 

FDIC Quarterly range from timely analysis of economic and banking trends at the national 

and regional level that may affect the risk exposure of FDIC-insured institutions to research 

on issues affecting the banking system and the development of regulatory policy.

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Chairman (Acting)

Martin J. Gruenberg

Director, Division of Insurance and Research

Diane Ellis

Executive Editors

George French

Shayna M. Olesiuk

Managing Editors

Rosalind Bennett

Alan Deaton

Patrick Mitchell

Philip A. Shively

Editors

Clayton Boyce

Kathy Zeidler

Publication Manager

Lynne Montgomery

Media Inquiries

(202) 898-6993
FDIC QUARTERLY i

2022 FDIC QUARTERLY

Volume 16 • Number 1

The views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect official positions of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. Some of the information used 

in the preparation of this publication was obtained from publicly available sources that are considered reliable. However, the use of this information does not constitute 

an endorsement of its accuracy by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. Articles may be reprinted or abstracted if the publication and author(s) are credited. Please 

provide the FDIC’s Division of Insurance and Research with a copy of any publications containing reprinted material.

Quarterly Banking Profile: Fourth Quarter 2021

FDIC-insured institutions reported full-year 2021 net income of $279.1 billion, up $132.0 billion 

(89.7 percent) from 2020. The increase was primarily attributable to negative provision 

expense, supported by continued economic growth and further improvement in credit 

quality. Quarterly net income totaled $63.9 billion, an increase of $4.4 billion (7.4ipercent) 

from fourth quarter 2020, primarily due to a $5.8 billion increase in net interest income and a 

$4.0 billion decline in provision expense. A majority of banks (52.1 percent) reported annual 

improvement in quarterly net income. However, net income declined $5.6 billion (8.1 percent) 

from third quarter 2021, driven by a quarter-to-quarter increase in provision expense (up 

$4.5 billion to negative $742.4 million). The banking industry reported an aggregate ROA 

ratio of 1.09 percent, on par with the 1.10 percent ROA ratio reported in fourth quarter 2020 

but down from 1.21 percent reported in third quarter 2021. See page 1.

Community Bank Performance Community banks—which represent 91 percent of insured institutions—reported full-year 

2021 net income of $32.7 billion, up $7.4 billion (29.3 percent) from 2020, driven by higher 

net interest income and lower provision expense. Community bank quarterly net income 

increased by $511.6 million (7.1 percent) from a year ago to $7.8 billion in fourth quarter 

2021; however, net income declined $719.9 million (8.5 percent) from third quarter 2021 

because of higher noninterest expense. The average community bank quarterly pretax ROA 

ratio decreased 1 basis point from one year ago and 16 basis points from one quarter ago to 

1.40 percent, as average asset growth outpaced growth in earnings. See page 15.

Insurance Fund Indicators The Deposit Insurance Fund (DIF) balance totaled $123.1 billion at the end of fourth quarter 

2021, an increase of $1.2 billion from the previous quarter. Assessment income of $2 billion 

drove the fund balance increase. Interest earned on investments and other miscellaneous 

income also added to the fund balance. Operating expenses, provisions for insurance losses, 

and unrealized losses on available-for-sale securities partially offset the increase in the fund 

balance. The DIF reserve ratio was 1.27 percent on December 31, 2021, unchanged from the 

previous quarter and 2 basis points lower than the previous year. See page 23.

Featured Articles:

Consumer Lending Through the Pandemic and the Recovery

The COVID-19 pandemic pushed the economy into what was, by some measures, the worst 

contraction on record, but consumer lending trends did not deteriorate as they usually do 

during a recession. Government support for households raised aggregate personal income 

in 2020 and helped support consumer loan performance. While credit card loan balances 

contracted in 2020 and remained below the pre-recession level through third quarter 2021, 

auto loans and other consumer loans expanded throughout 2020 and 2021. Performance 

of all types of bank consumer loans improved thanks to government support, forbearance 

programs, and tighter underwriting standards for new loans. While caution is warranted, and 

changes in the pandemic and responses could weaken the outlook, the future of consumer 

lending appears strong. See page 31.

2021 Summary of Deposits Highlights

The 2021 Summary of Deposits data reflect the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, changing 

spending patterns, and government stimulus programs on deposit levels and the number of 

branch openings and closures. This article evaluates changes in community banks compared 

with those of noncommunity banks. A special feature discusses branch openings and closings 

of minority depository institutions. This article also evaluates the likely effect on branch levels 

of increased availability and use of mobile and electronic banking applications. Responses 

from the 2021 Summary of Deposits survey show that deposit growth rates for the industry 

were higher than pre-pandemic growth rates. However, deposit growth rates have moderated 

compared with the record highs in 2020. Over the past year, deposit growth rates have been 

higher among community banks compared with those of noncommunity banks. In 2021, the 

decline in the number of branches accelerated from a year ago, with branches of noncommunity 

banks closing at a higher rate compared with that of community banks. See page 41.

QUARTERLY BANKING PROFILE Fourth Quarter 2021

FDIC QUARTERLY 1

INSURED INSTITUTION PERFORMANCE

Negative Provision Expense Drove Full-Year 2021 Net Income Higher

Quarterly Net Income Continued to Increase Year Over Year

Net Interest Margin Remained Stable Quarter Over Quarter

Quarterly Loan Growth Occurred Across Most Major Loan Types

Asset Quality Continued to Improve

Full-Year Net Income 

Increased in 2021

The banking industry reported full-year 2021 net income of $279.1 billion, up $132.0 billion 

(89.7 percent) from 2020. The increase was primarily attributable to negative provision 

expense, supported by continued economic growth and further improvement in credit 

quality. Relative to 2020, provision expense declined by $163.3 billion (123.4 percent), 

noninterest income increased by $20.3 billion (7.2 percent), and net interest income 

remained relatively stable, growing $686.8 million (0.1 percent). The net interest margin 

(NIM) declined by 28 basis points from 2020 to 2.54 percent as the growth rate in average 

earning assets outpaced the growth rate in net interest income. The average return-onassets (ROA) ratio increased from 0.72 percent in 2020 to 1.23 percent in 2021.

Quarterly Net Income 

Continued to Increase 

Year Over Year

Quarterly net income totaled $63.9 billion, an increase of $4.4 billion (7.4 percent) from 

fourth quarter 2020, primarily due to a $5.8 billion increase in net interest income and 

a $4.0 billion decline in provision expense. A majority of banks (52.1 percent) reported 

annual improvement in quarterly net income. However, net income declined $5.6 billion 

(8.1 percent) from third quarter 2021, driven by a quarter-to-quarter increase in provision 

expense (up $4.5 billion to negative $742.4 million). The banking industry reported an 

aggregate ROA ratio of 1.09 percent, on par with the 1.10 percent ROA ratio reported in 

fourth quarter 2020 but down from 1.21 percent reported in third quarter 2021.

Growth in Net Interest 

Income Lifted Net 

Operating Revenue

Growth in net interest income of $5.8 billion (4.4 percent) and in noninterest income of 

$2.4 billion (3.4 percent) lifted net operating revenue to $201.7 billion (4 percent) from 

fourth quarter 2020. Lower interest expense (down $3.8 billion, 31.7 percent) generated 

most of the growth in net interest income, while higher trading revenue (up $1.2 billion, 

17.8 percent) and investment banking fees (up $1.2 billion, 40 percent) drove the 

improvement in noninterest income. Improvements in net interest income were widespread, 

as nearly two-thirds of banks (65.6 percent) reported higher net interest income from one 

year ago. NIM was unchanged from the prior quarter at 2.56 percent, 6 basis points higher 

than the recent record low in the second quarter 2021 but down 12 basis points from the 

previous year. The growth rate in average earning assets outpaced the growth rate in net 

interest income. The yield on earning assets declined slightly to 2.71 percent (down 2 basis 

points quarter over quarter and 21 basis points year over year). Average funding costs 

declined 2 basis points from the previous quarter to a new record low of 0.15 percent.

-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

Securities and Other Gains/Losses, Net

Net Operating Income

Annual Net Income

All FDIC-Insured Institutions

$ Billions

Source: FDIC.

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Chart 1

Securities and Other Gains/Losses, Net

Net Operating Income

Quarterly Net Income

All FDIC-Insured Institutions

$ Billions

Source: FDIC.

Note: Date labels are centered under the first quarter of each year. Data starts in fourth quarter 2007.

-60

-40

-20

0

20

40

60

80

100

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Chart 2
2022   •   Volume 16  • Number 1

2 FDIC QUARTERLY

Noninterest Expense 

Increased From the 

Year-Ago Quarter

Noninterest expense rose $7.8 billion (6.2 percent) year over year, led by an increase in “all 

other noninterest expense” and salary and benefit expense.1 Higher marketing and data 

processing expenses drove the increase in the “all other noninterest expense” category. 

Average assets per employee increased from a year ago to $11.5 million. While 69.5 percent 

of banks reported higher noninterest expense compared with the year-ago quarter, 

noninterest expense as a percentage of average assets declined 6 basis points from fourth 

quarter 2020 to 2.28 percent.

Negative Provision 

Expense Continued to 

Boost Earnings

Provisions have been negative for four consecutive quarters. However, provisions rose 

from negative $5.2 billion in third quarter 2021 to negative $742.4 million in fourth quarter 

2021. Provision expense declined $4 billion (123 percent) from the year-ago quarter.2 Fiftytwo percent of all institutions reported lower provisions compared with the year-ago quarter.

The net number of banks that have adopted current expected credit loss (CECL) accounting 

remained unchanged from third quarter 2021 at 308.3 CECL adopters reported aggregate 

negative provisions of $1.3 billion in fourth quarter, $4.0 billion more than third quarter 

2021 and $2.5 billion less than one year ago. Provision expense for banks that have not 

adopted CECL accounting totaled $595.5 million (up from $156.5 million a quarter ago and 

down from $2.0 billion one year ago).

Allowance for Loan and 

Lease Losses to Total 

Loans Remained Higher 

Than the Pre-Pandemic 

Level

The allowance for loan and lease losses (ALLL) as a percentage of total loans and leases 

declined 60 basis points to 1.58 percent from the year-ago quarter due to negative 

provisions. However, the ratio of ALLL to total loans remains higher than the pre-pandemic 

level of 1.18 percent reported in fourth quarter 2019. Similarly, the ALLL as a percentage 

of loans 90 days or more past due or in nonaccrual status (coverage ratio) declined 

5 percentage points from the year-ago quarter to 178.8 percent but remained well above 

the financial crisis average of 79.1 percent.4 All insured institutions except the largest 

Quarterly Banking Profile (QBP) asset size group (greater than $250 billion) reported higher 

aggregate coverage ratios compared with third quarter 2021.

Source: FDIC.

Note: Date labels are centered under the first quarter of each year. Data starts in fourth quarter 2007.

Percent

Quarterly Net Interest Margin

All FDIC-Insured Institutions

 Assets > $250 Billion

 Assets $10 Billion - $250 Billion

 Assets $1 Billion - $10 Billion

 Assets $100 Million - $1 Billion

 Assets < $100 Million

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Chart 3

Change in Quarterly Loan-Loss Provisions

All FDIC-Insured Institutions

Quarter-Over-Quarter Change

($ Billions)

Source: FDIC.

Note: Date labels are centered under the first quarter of each year. Data starts in fourth quarter 2007.

-60

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

40

50

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Chart 4

1 All other noninterest expenses include, but are not limited to, automated teller machine and interchange expenses, 

legal fees, advertising and marketing expenses, consulting expenses, data processing expenses, and FDIC deposit 

insurance assessments. Among banks that filled out schedule RI-E, higher marketing and data processing expenses 

drove the increase in all other noninterest expense.

2 Provisions for credit losses include both losses for loans and securities for CECL adopters but only loan losses for 

non-adopters. 

3 Changes to the number of CECL accounting adopters may result from closures, mergers and acquisitions, or 

examination or audit findings. 

4 The financial crisis refers to the period between December 2007 and June 2009. 
QUARTERLY BANKING PROFILE

FDIC QUARTERLY 3

Total Assets Increased 

From the Previous Quarter

Total assets increased $467.7 billion (2.0 percent) from third quarter 2021 to $23.7 trillion. 

Total loan and lease balances increased $326.0 billion (3.0 percent), while securities 

rose $292.7 billion (4.9 percent). Growth in U.S. Treasury securities (up $175.7 billion, 

or 13.9 percent) continued to drive the quarterly increases in total securities. Loans and 

securities with maturities greater than three years now make up 39.4 percent of total 

assets, up from 36 percent in fourth quarter 2019.

Loan Growth Occurred 

Across Most Major 

Loan Types

Total loan and lease balances increased $326.0 billion (3.0 percent) from third quarter 

2021. Several portfolios contributed meaningfully to the industry’s loan growth, including 

consumer loans (up $84.9 billion, or 4.7 percent), commercial and industrial (C&I) loans (up 

$70.8 billion, or 3.2 percent), and loans to nondepository institutions (up $59.0 billion, or 

9.1 percent).

Annually, total loan and lease balances increased $383.2 billion (3.5 percent), as growth 

in consumer loans (up $137.8 billion, or 7.9 percent), loans to nondepository institutions 

(up $124.5 billion, or 21.5 percent), and nonfarm nonresidential commercial real estate 

(CRE) loan balances (up $77.0 billion, or 4.9 percent) helped offset declines in C&I loans 

(down $126.7 billion, or 5.2 percent). Paycheck Protection Program loan forgiveness and 

repayment drove the annual decline in C&I loan balances.

Deposit Growth 

Accelerated From the 

Previous Quarter

Deposits grew 2.8 percent ($535.0 billion) in fourth quarter, faster than the 2.3 percent 

growth ($436.0 billion) reported in third quarter 2021 but slower than the first quarter 2021 

gain that was boosted by federal support programs. Deposits above $250,000 continued 

to drive the quarterly increase (up $414.4 billion, or 4.0 percent). Interest-bearing deposit 

growth (up $446.8 billion, or 3.6 percent) outpaced that of noninterest-bearing deposits 

(up $108.5 billion, or 2.0 percent). More than three-fourths (76.2 percent) of banks reported 

higher deposit balances compared with the previous quarter.

Noncurrent Loan Balances 

Continued to Decline 

Quarter Over Quarter

Loans and leases 90 days or more past due or in nonaccrual status (noncurrent loan 

balances) declined (down $3.1 billion, or 3.0 percent) from third quarter 2021, supporting 

a 5 basis point reduction in the noncurrent rate to 0.89 percent. Noncurrent nonfarm 

nonresidential CRE loans declined the most among loan categories from the previous 

quarter (down $2.3 billion, or 12.6 percent), followed by noncurrent C&I loans (down 

$1 billion, or 6.0 percent). Fifty-nine percent of all banks reported a reduction in 

noncurrent loans from third quarter 2021.

-8

-4

Quarterly Change in Loan Balances 

All FDIC-Insured Institutions

Source: FDIC.

Note: ASC Topics 810 and 860 resulted in the consolidation of large amounts of securitized loan 

balances back onto banks’ balance sheets in the first quarter of 2010. Although the total amount

consolidated cannot be precisely quantified, the industry would have reported a decline in loan 

balances for the quarter absent this change in accounting standards. Date labels are centered

under the first quarter of each year. Data starts in fourth quarter 2007.

$ Billions Percent

-300

-200

-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

Quarterly Change (Left Axis)

12-Month Growth Rate (Right Axis)

0

4

8

12

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Chart 5

Quarterly Change in Deposits

All FDIC-Insured Institutions

$ Billions

Source: FDIC.

Note: Date labels are centered under the first quarter of each year. Data starts in fourth quarter 2007.

-200

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Chart 6
2022   •   Volume 16  • Number 1

4 FDIC QUARTERLY

The Net Charge-Off Rate 

Remained Low

Net charge-offs continued to decline (down $5.6 billion, or 49.5 percent) from the yearago quarter, reducing the net charge-off rate 21 basis points to 0.21 percent. A decline in 

net charge-offs of C&I loans (down $2.2 billion, or 75 percent) and credit card loans (down 

$1.8 billion, or 35.1 percent) drove three-fourths (72.3 percent) of the reduction in net 

charge-offs from the year-ago quarter.

Some Capital Ratios 

Declined as Growth in 

Assets Outpaced Capital 

Formation

Equity capital rose $17.9 billion (0.8 percent) from third quarter 2021; however, the leverage 

capital ratio decreased 10 basis points to 8.74 percent as average asset growth outpaced 

tier 1 capital formation. Retained earnings supported equity formation with an increase 

of $7.7 billion (51.6 percent) from third quarter. Banks distributed 64.8 percent of fourth 

quarter earnings as dividends, which were down $13.3 billion (24.3 percent) from third 

quarter 2021. Thirty-five percent of banks reported higher dividends compared with the 

year-ago quarter. The number of institutions with capital ratios that did not meet Prompt 

Corrective Action requirements for the well-capitalized category decreased by one to seven 

from third quarter 2021.5

No Banks Failed in Fourth 

Quarter 2021

The number of FDIC-insured institutions declined from 4,914 in third quarter 2021 to 4,839. 

During fourth quarter 2021, 72 institutions merged with other FDIC-insured institutions, 

two banks merged with credit unions, one bank ceased operations, no new banks opened, 

and no banks failed.6 The number of banks on the FDIC’s “Problem Bank List” declined by 

two from third quarter to 44, the lowest level since QBP data collection began in 1984. Total 

assets of problem banks increased to $170.1 billion.7

Author:

James K. Presley-Nelson

Senior Financial Analyst

Division of Insurance and Research

Source: FDIC.

Note: The asset values of insured financial institutions on the problem bank list are what were on 

record as of the last day of the quarter. Date labels are centered under the first quarter of each year. 

Data starts in fourth quarter 2007.

Number

Number and Assets of Banks on the “Problem Bank List” 

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1,000

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

Assets ($ Billions)

Number of Problem Banks 

Assets of Problem Banks

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Chart 8

Source: FDIC.

Note: Date labels are centered under the first quarter of each year. Data starts in fourth quarter 2007.

Percent

Noncurrent Loan Rate and Quarterly Net Charge-Off Rate

All FDIC-Insured Institutions

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

Noncurrent Rate

Quarterly Net Charge-Off Rate

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Chart 7

5 Prompt Corrective Action categories are assigned based on reported capital ratios only and do not include the effects of 

regulatory downgrades. 

6 The number of insured financial institutions excludes two banks that did not file Call Reports this quarter and one 

bank that did not file a Call Report last quarter that has since ceased operations.

7 The asset value of insured financial institutions on the problem bank list is the amount known on the last day of third 

quarter 2021, the most current information available on December 31, 2021. 
QUARTERLY BANKING PROFILE

FDIC QUARTERLY 5

TABLE I-A. Selected Indicators, All FDIC-Insured Institutions*

2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015

Return on assets (%) 1.23 0.72 1.29 1.35 0.97 1.04 1.04

Return on equity (%) 12.21 6.85 11.38 11.98 8.60 9.27 9.29

Core capital (leverage) ratio (%) 8.74 8.82 9.66 9.70 9.63 9.48 9.59

Noncurrent assets plus other real estate owned to assets (%) 0.44 0.61 0.55 0.60 0.73 0.86 0.97

Net charge-offs to loans (%) 0.25 0.50 0.52 0.48 0.50 0.47 0.44

Asset growth rate (%) 8.46 17.29 3.92 3.03 3.79 5.09 2.66

Net interest margin (%) 2.54 2.82 3.36 3.40 3.25 3.13 3.08

Net operating income growth (%) 96.92 -38.78 -3.14 45.45 -3.27 4.43 7.11

Number of institutions reporting 4,839 5,002 5,177 5,406 5,670 5,913 6,182

Commercial banks 4,231 4,375 4,518 4,715 4,918 5,112 5,338

Savings institutions 608 627 659 691 752 801 844

Percentage of unprofitable institutions (%) 3.02 4.68 3.73 3.44 5.61 4.48 4.82

Number of problem institutions 44 56 51 60 95 123 183

Assets of problem institutions (in billions)** $170 $56 $46 $48 $14 $28 $47

Number of failed institutions 0 4 4 0 8 5 8

* Excludes insured branches of foreign banks (IBAs).

** Assets shown are what were on record as of the last day of the quarter.

TABLE II-A. Aggregate Condition and Income Data, All FDIC-Insured Institutions

(dollar figures in millions)  4th Quarter

2021

3rd Quarter

2021

4th Quarter

2020

%Change 

20Q4-21Q4

Number of institutions reporting 4,839 4,914 5,002 -3.3

Total employees (full-time equivalent) 2,069,049 2,056,568 2,065,603 0.2

CONDITION DATA

Total assets $23,719,316 $23,251,583 $21,868,854 8.5

Loans secured by real estate 5,258,361 5,182,429 5,117,942 2.7

1-4 Family residential mortgages 2,259,000 2,221,817 2,210,914 2.2

Nonfarm nonresidential 1,645,582 1,619,367 1,568,587 4.9

 Construction and development 401,094 402,055 386,080 3.9

Home equity lines 265,084 270,286 300,311 -11.7

Commercial & industrial loans 2,314,011 2,243,238 2,440,690 -5.2

Loans to individuals 1,881,972 1,797,057 1,744,177 7.9

 Credit cards 871,083 805,961 822,028 6.0

Farm loans 74,103 73,096 71,781 3.2

Other loans & leases 1,720,559 1,627,468 1,492,232 15.3

Less: Unearned income 2,133 2,409 3,196 -33.3

Total loans & leases 11,246,874 10,920,878 10,863,626 3.5

Less: Reserve for losses* 178,212 185,067 236,621 -24.7

Net loans and leases 11,068,662 10,735,811 10,627,005 4.2

Securities** 6,245,881 5,953,189 5,112,405 22.2

Other real estate owned 2,961 3,817 4,626 -36.0

Goodwill and other intangibles 404,363 396,651 386,755 4.6

All other assets 5,997,450 6,162,114 5,738,062 4.5

Total liabilities and capital 23,719,316 23,251,583 21,868,854 8.5

Deposits 19,701,592 19,166,641 17,823,559 10.5

 Domestic office deposits 18,189,214 17,633,864 16,289,740 11.7

Foreign office deposits 1,512,378 1,532,777 1,533,819 -1.4

Other borrowed funds 955,412 989,701 1,091,994 -12.5

Subordinated debt 66,395 66,246 68,230 -2.7

All other liabilities 636,346 687,084 658,109 -3.3

Total equity capital (includes minority interests) 2,359,570 2,341,912 2,226,963 6.0

 Bank equity capital 2,357,373 2,339,473 2,224,357 6.0

Loans and leases 30-89 days past due 56,256 47,759 63,213 -11.0

Noncurrent loans and leases 99,660 102,734 128,802 -22.6

Restructured loans and leases 42,749 45,355 49,317 -13.3

Mortgage-backed securities 3,557,067 3,488,704 3,043,762 16.9

Earning assets 21,767,607 21,241,497 19,920,260 9.3

FHLB Advances 188,537 190,103 255,985 -26.3

Unused loan commitments 9,042,033 9,074,841 8,449,642 7.0

Trust assets 20,314,536 19,979,395 18,878,927 7.6

Assets securitized and sold 450,501 464,570 480,386 -6.2

Notional amount of derivatives 179,313,801 187,643,808 165,711,801 8.2

INCOME DATA

Full Year 

2021

Full Year 

2020 %Change

4th Quarter 

2021

4th Quarter 

2020

%Change 

20Q4-21Q4

Total interest income $563,467 $603,762 -6.7 $145,337 $143,345 1.4

Total interest expense 36,116 77,098 -53.2 8,184 11,979 -31.7

Net interest income 527,351 526,664 0.1 137,153 131,366 4.4

Provision for credit losses*** -31,007 132,260 -123.4 -742 3,219 -123.1

Total noninterest income 300,506 280,225 7.2 72,652 70,289 3.4

Total noninterest expense 510,131 498,986 2.2 133,555 125,794 6.2

Securities gains (losses) 3,009 8,145 -63.1 573 1,516 -62.2

Applicable income taxes 72,455 36,335 99.4 13,674 14,643 -6.6

Extraordinary gains, net**** 47 -101 NM 15 9 77.2

Total net income (includes minority interests) 279,333 147,352 89.6 63,907 59,524 7.4

 Bank net income 279,131 147,116 89.7 63,872 59,462 7.4

Net charge-offs 27,354 54,113 -49.5 5,716 11,311 -49.5

Cash dividends 155,963 84,066 85.5 41,387 21,825 89.6

Retained earnings 123,168 63,050 95.4 22,485 37,637 -40.3

Net operating income 276,854 140,589 96.9 63,426 58,137 9.1

* For institutions that have adopted ASU 2016-13, this item represents the allowance for credit losses on loans and leases held for investment and allocated transfer risk.

** For institutions that have adopted ASU 2016-13, securities are reported net of allowances for credit losses.

*** For institutions that have adopted ASU 2016-13, this item represents provisions for credit losses on a consolidated basis; for institutions that have not adopted ASU 2016-13, 

this item represents the provision for loan and lease losses.

**** See Notes to Users for explanation. N/M - Not Meaningful
2022   •   Volume 16  • Number 1

6 FDIC QUARTERLY

TABLE III-A. Full Year 2021, All FDIC-Insured Institutions

Asset Concentration Groups*

FULL YEAR

(The way it is...)

All Insured 

Institutions

Credit 

Card 

Banks

International 

Banks

Agricultural 

Banks

Commercial 

Lenders

Mortgage 

Lenders

Consumer 

Lenders

Other 

Specialized 

<$1 Billion

All Other 

<$1 Billion

All Other 

>$1 Billion

Number of institutions reporting 4,839 12 5 1,121 2,417 293 33 357 506 95

Commercial banks 4,231 11 5 1,110 2,187 80 21 326 412 79

Savings institutions 608 1 0 11 230 213 12 31 94 16

Total assets (in billions) $23,719.3 $499.8 $5,827.2 $302.8 $7,372.2 $776.3 $352.9 $83.4 $130.1 $8,374.6

Commercial banks 22,195.2 413.8 5,827.2 297.2 6,927.9 122.9 345.2 77.7 104.3 8,078.9

Savings institutions 1,524.1 86.1 0.0 5.5 444.2 653.4 7.7 5.7 25.8 295.7

Total deposits (in billions) 19,701.6 351.3 4,618.9 260.0 6,226.4 694.5 301.2 70.7 112.8 7,065.9

Commercial banks 18,410.3 286.2 4,618.9 256.5 5,877.7 106.2 294.6 66.4 91.2 6,812.6

Savings institutions 1,291.3 65.1 0.0 3.5 348.7 588.3 6.7 4.2 21.5 253.3

Bank net income (in millions) 279,131 26,040 62,871 3,873 87,234 6,203 6,510 1,317 1,316 83,766

Commercial banks 263,122 22,029 62,871 3,686 82,027 1,529 6,447 574 1,157 82,803

Savings institutions 16,008 4,011 0 187 5,207 4,674 63 743 160 963

Performance Ratios (%)

Yield on earning assets 2.71 10.95 1.98 3.74 3.14 1.85 3.99 2.66 3.46 2.30

Cost of funding earning assets 0.17 0.97 0.11 0.38 0.21 0.14 0.63 0.23 0.32 0.11

Net interest margin 2.54 9.98 1.87 3.37 2.93 1.71 3.35 2.43 3.14 2.19

Noninterest income to assets 1.32 5.57 1.57 0.70 1.00 0.84 1.27 2.99 1.27 1.22

Noninterest expense to assets 2.24 8.17 2.06 2.31 2.23 1.41 1.69 3.27 2.99 2.09

Credit loss provision to assets** -0.14 -0.05 -0.23 0.07 -0.08 -0.01 0.14 0.03 0.05 -0.16

Net operating income to assets 1.22 5.31 1.09 1.31 1.23 0.86 1.96 1.60 1.03 1.04

Pretax return on assets 1.55 6.93 1.41 1.52 1.57 1.13 2.60 2.05 1.22 1.29

Return on assets 1.23 5.32 1.09 1.33 1.24 0.88 1.98 1.67 1.06 1.05

Return on equity 12.21 40.72 12.15 12.08 11.39 10.24 21.05 12.32 9.50 10.60

Net charge-offs to loans and leases 0.25 2.00 0.38 0.05 0.11 0.01 0.27 0.08 0.04 0.20

Loan and lease loss provision to 

net charge-offs -106.66 -2.75 -178.28 221.35 -118.70 -479.70 79.03 138.74 248.62 -164.83

Efficiency ratio 61.15 53.91 63.38 59.40 59.67 56.21 38.27 61.66 70.68 64.62

% of unprofitable institutions 3.02 0.00 0.00 1.96 2.07 5.80 9.09 9.24 3.95 1.05

% of institutions with earnings gains 75.55 100.00 80.00 72.61 83.04 63.82 75.76 50.98 67.98 85.26

Condition Ratios (%)

Earning assets to total assets 91.77 94.71 89.70 93.86 92.29 97.64 93.71 94.19 93.96 91.82

Loss allowance to:

Loans and leases 1.58 6.97 1.72 1.46 1.27 0.67 1.98 1.61 1.35 1.32

Noncurrent loans and leases 178.82 763.75 209.81 200.81 149.62 102.48 289.43 207.31 211.75 131.60

Noncurrent assets plus

other real estate owned to assets 0.44 0.78 0.28 0.47 0.55 0.18 0.48 0.27 0.39 0.46

Equity capital ratio 9.94 12.56 9.20 10.78 10.71 8.17 9.00 12.97 10.79 9.75

Core capital (leverage) ratio 8.74 13.72 7.99 10.37 9.26 8.63 9.70 12.64 10.67 8.34

Common equity tier 1 capital ratio*** 14.04 15.30 15.68 14.43 12.55 24.73 15.35 27.89 17.59 13.76

Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio*** 14.14 15.44 15.75 14.43 12.63 24.73 15.38 27.89 17.60 13.90

Total risk-based capital ratio*** 15.46 17.17 17.13 15.53 13.85 25.16 16.35 28.82 18.69 15.32

Net loans and leases to deposits 56.18 113.24 39.27 66.79 71.98 29.18 80.08 33.01 59.80 51.90

Net loans to total assets 46.67 79.59 31.13 57.34 60.79 26.11 68.34 27.96 51.83 43.79

Domestic deposits to total assets 76.69 69.06 56.81 85.86 84.29 89.31 85.35 84.71 86.65 82.18

Structural Changes

New reporters 9 0 0 0 2 0 0 7 0 0

Institutions absorbed by mergers 164 0 0 37 118 1 0 1 3 4

Failed institutions 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

PRIOR FULL YEARS

(The way it was...)

Number of institutions 2020 5,002 11 5 1,163 2,667 291 36 277 485 67

 2018 5,406 12 5 1,346 2,866 401 69 227 431 49

 2016 5,913 13 5 1,429 3,025 462 65 300 549 65

Total assets (in billions) 2020 $21,868.9 $492.6 $5,539.4 $287.7 $7,591.1 $684.0 $144.8 $51.5 $105.7 $6,972.0

 2018 17,943.0 651.7 4,285.9 286.8 6,373.8 346.0 218.3 36.7 75.9 5,667.9

 2016 16,779.7 519.0 4,052.7 284.9 5,628.2 331.5 256.0 51.1 97.5 5,558.8

Return on assets (%) 2020 0.72 1.92 0.70 1.29 0.74 0.92 1.59 2.59 1.10 0.53

 2018 1.35 2.96 1.17 1.32 1.26 1.13 1.42 2.94 1.12 1.40

 2016 1.04 2.27 0.93 1.21 0.97 0.98 0.96 2.85 0.92 1.06

Net charge-offs to loans & leases (%) 2020 0.50 3.73 0.69 0.15 0.25 0.05 0.52 0.19 0.07 0.43

 2018 0.48 3.87 0.50 0.15 0.18 0.02 0.76 1.41 0.17 0.37

 2016 0.47 3.34 0.55 0.15 0.22 0.07 0.56 0.22 0.17 0.41

Noncurrent assets plus 

OREO to assets (%) 2020 0.61 0.92 0.38 0.69 0.76 0.30 0.26 0.34 0.56 0.66

 2018 0.60 1.26 0.39 0.83 0.63 1.28 0.49 0.43 0.73 0.62

 2016 0.86 1.14 0.61 0.77 0.87 1.97 0.70 0.63 0.94 0.96

Equity capital ratio (%) 2020 10.17 12.61 8.95 11.37 11.22 8.40 9.21 15.79 11.81 9.90

 2018 11.25 15.29 9.88 11.34 11.94 11.08 10.51 16.74 12.31 11.04

 2016 11.10 14.84 9.97 11.30 11.81 11.26 10.04 15.23 11.41 10.85

* See Table V-A (page 10) for explanations.

** For institutions that have adopted ASU 2016-13, the numerator represents provisions for credit losses on a consolidated basis; for institutions that have not adopted ASU 2016-13, the numerator 

represents the provision for loan and lease losses.

*** Beginning March 2020, does not include institutions that have a Community Bank Leverage Ratio election in effect at the report date.
QUARTERLY BANKING PROFILE

FDIC QUARTERLY 7

TABLE III-A. Full Year 2021, All FDIC-Insured Institutions 

Asset Size Distribution Geographic Regions*

FULL YEAR

(The way it is...)

All Insured 

Institutions

Less Than 

$100 

Million

$100 

Million to 

$1 Billion

$1 Billion to 

$10 Billion

$10 Billion 

to $250 

Billion

Greater 

Than $250 

Billion New York Atlanta Chicago

Kansas 

City Dallas

San 

Francisco

Number of institutions reporting 4,839 817 3,049 813 147 13 577 551 1,040 1,237 1,075 359

Commercial banks 4,231 712 2,702 675 130 12 299 502 897 1,198 1,006 329

Savings institutions 608 105 347 138 17 1 278 49 143 39 69 30

Total assets (in billions) $23,719.3 $49.9 $1,125.0 $2,221.7 $7,076.0 $13,246.6 $4,454.4 $4,787.8 $5,666.0 $4,198.7 $2,041.5 $2,570.9

Commercial banks 22,195.2 44.0 988.0 1,866.0 6,471.1 12,826.1 4,017.7 4,645.8 5,574.0 4,152.1 1,389.1 2,416.6

Savings institutions 1,524.1 5.9 136.9 355.8 605.0 420.5 436.7 142.0 92.1 46.6 652.4 154.3

Total deposits (in billions) 19,701.6 42.0 966.9 1,878.2 5,929.0 10,885.6 3,690.7 4,028.5 4,519.7 3,503.0 1,776.6 2,183.1

Commercial banks 18,410.3 37.5 854.1 1,584.8 5,441.1 10,492.9 3,340.3 3,909.2 4,450.8 3,464.1 1,188.0 2,057.8

Savings institutions 1,291.3 4.6 112.8 293.4 487.8 392.7 350.4 119.3 68.8 38.9 588.6 125.3

Bank net income (in millions) 279,131 505 13,899 29,677 97,243 137,806 45,990 57,315 68,067 45,657 21,286 40,816

Commercial banks 263,122 426 11,855 25,845 89,728 135,268 41,628 56,694 65,912 45,218 17,618 36,053

Savings institutions 16,008 79 2,044 3,833 7,515 2,538 4,362 621 2,155 439 3,668 4,763

Performance Ratios (%)

Yield on earning assets 2.71 3.65 3.70 3.62 3.33 2.14 2.62 2.75 2.27 2.71 2.88 3.63

Cost of funding earning assets 0.17 0.38 0.35 0.28 0.24 0.10 0.20 0.15 0.12 0.18 0.18 0.28

Net interest margin 2.54 3.27 3.35 3.34 3.08 2.04 2.42 2.60 2.16 2.53 2.70 3.35

Noninterest income to assets 1.32 1.88 1.36 1.26 1.30 1.34 1.22 1.13 1.62 1.17 0.93 1.76

Noninterest expense to assets 2.24 3.64 2.95 2.61 2.40 2.04 2.09 2.19 2.19 2.27 2.16 2.75

Credit loss provision to assets** -0.14 0.06 0.08 0.04 -0.11 -0.20 -0.03 -0.20 -0.21 -0.18 -0.04 -0.03

Net operating income to assets 1.22 1.03 1.27 1.38 1.44 1.07 1.06 1.25 1.25 1.09 1.11 1.68

Pretax return on assets 1.55 1.20 1.52 1.77 1.88 1.34 1.38 1.51 1.59 1.40 1.36 2.23

Return on assets 1.23 1.04 1.29 1.41 1.46 1.07 1.08 1.26 1.25 1.10 1.12 1.71

Return on equity 12.21 7.53 11.76 12.90 13.76 11.26 10.34 11.97 13.10 11.19 11.27 16.60

Net charge-offs to loans and leases 0.25 0.07 0.06 0.12 0.30 0.27 0.26 0.26 0.19 0.31 0.10 0.33

Loan and lease loss provision to 

net charge-offs -106.66 175.43 235.84 45.45 -57.49 -178.54 -25.91 -147.30 -249.83 -111.94 -81.18 -15.07

Efficiency ratio 61.15 74.18 65.10 59.13 57.08 63.82 60.53 62.20 61.13 64.85 61.78 55.60

% of unprofitable institutions 3.02 9.91 1.97 0.49 0.68 0.00 3.99 5.44 3.37 1.54 2.70 2.79

% of institutions with earnings gains 75.55 60.22 75.53 88.07 91.16 84.62 82.32 78.04 69.71 72.92 77.67 80.50

Condition Ratios (%)

Earning assets to total assets 91.77 92.49 94.09 93.75 93.07 90.55 91.33 91.18 90.82 91.31 94.37 94.42

Loss allowance to:

Loans and leases 1.58 1.48 1.38 1.34 1.74 1.55 1.59 1.56 1.44 1.70 1.26 1.88

Noncurrent loans and leases 178.82 149.30 227.28 210.81 182.35 166.02 176.48 191.27 179.10 166.57 85.38 328.50

Noncurrent assets plus

other real estate owned to assets 0.44 0.59 0.42 0.44 0.56 0.37 0.45 0.40 0.37 0.49 0.69 0.35

Equity capital ratio 9.94 13.48 10.83 10.86 10.31 9.50 10.32 10.21 9.52 9.81 9.64 10.14

Core capital (leverage) ratio 8.74 13.31 10.64 10.23 9.24 8.05 9.04 8.26 8.33 8.81 8.88 9.76

Common equity tier 1 capital ratio*** 14.04 23.56 15.81 14.33 13.62 14.14 14.83 13.28 14.34 13.52 15.03 14.48

Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio*** 14.14 23.61 15.83 14.36 13.85 14.18 14.44 13.37 14.40 13.60 15.16 14.74

Total risk-based capital ratio*** 15.46 24.70 16.94 15.42 15.03 15.63 15.75 14.46 15.55 15.59 16.20 15.88

Net loans and leases to deposits 56.18 59.84 67.72 73.10 67.86 45.86 57.97 54.35 52.84 55.26 50.75 69.36

Net loans to total assets 46.67 50.35 58.21 61.79 56.86 37.69 48.03 45.73 42.15 46.10 44.17 58.90

Domestic deposits to total assets 76.69 84.13 85.94 84.45 81.86 71.81 77.86 81.56 70.63 68.68 86.99 83.81

Structural Changes

New reporters 9 9 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 0 1 2

Institutions absorbed by mergers 164 33 100 27 4 0 16 17 28 56 35 12

Failed institutions 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

PRIOR FULL YEARS

(The way it was...)

Number of institutions 2020 5,002 946 3,129 776 138 13 593 570 1,069 1,292 1,107 371

 2018 5,406 1,278 3,353 638 128 9 659 626 1,163 1,379 1,182 397

 2016 5,913 1,541 3,637 621 105 9 724 720 1,271 1,485 1,268 445

Total assets (in billions) 2020 $21,868.9 $57.2 $1,101.4 $2,069.8 $6,358.5 $12,282.0 $4,015.1 $4,485.3 $5,205.7 $4,134.1 $1,792.6 $2,236.1

 2018 17,943.0 75.9 1,108.6 1,734.8 6,202.3 8,821.4 3,362.0 3,677.0 4,042.6 3,670.8 1,133.1 2,057.6

 2016 16,779.7 91.5 1,173.9 1,761.8 5,305.7 8,446.9 3,096.4 3,507.3 3,784.3 3,633.9 1,010.7 1,747.0

Return on assets (%) 2020 0.72 0.84 1.21 1.11 0.71 0.61 0.62 0.59 0.87 0.49 0.98 1.03

 2018 1.35 1.01 1.23 1.33 1.46 1.29 1.22 1.44 1.26 1.25 1.40 1.74

 2016 1.04 0.89 1.08 1.01 1.07 1.03 0.87 1.02 1.00 1.09 1.02 1.40

Net charge-offs to loans & leases (%) 2020 0.50 0.13 0.12 0.22 0.66 0.51 0.48 0.54 0.41 0.53 0.31 0.70

 2018 0.48 0.18 0.16 0.20 0.70 0.43 0.59 0.55 0.23 0.50 0.24 0.73

 2016 0.47 0.21 0.14 0.25 0.64 0.47 0.52 0.54 0.27 0.53 0.31 0.58

Noncurrent assets plus 

OREO to assets (%) 2020 0.61 0.74 0.60 0.65 0.83 0.50 0.60 0.55 0.52 0.70 1.08 0.48

 2018 0.60 0.97 0.73 0.64 0.62 0.57 0.58 0.65 0.54 0.68 0.76 0.44

 2016 0.86 1.10 0.96 0.84 0.78 0.90 0.70 1.03 0.79 1.00 1.06 0.53

Equity capital ratio (%) 2020 10.17 13.44 11.27 10.94 10.84 9.58 10.49 10.78 9.59 9.83 10.08 10.44

 2018 11.25 13.57 11.50 11.91 12.08 10.49 12.53 12.07 10.35 10.23 11.81 11.02

 2016 11.10 12.70 11.14 11.55 11.87 10.50 12.11 12.05 10.32 9.87 10.92 11.79

* See Table V-A (page 11) for explanations.

** For institutions that have adopted ASU 2016-13, the numerator represents provisions for credit losses on a consolidated basis; for institutions that have not adopted ASU 2016-13, the numerator 

represents the provision for loan and lease losses.

*** Beginning March 2020, does not include institutions that have a Community Bank Leverage Ratio election in effect at the report date.
2022   •   Volume 16  • Number 1

8 FDIC QUARTERLY

TABLE IV-A. Fourth Quarter 2021, All FDIC-Insured Institutions

Asset Concentration Groups*

FOURTH QUARTER

(The way it is...)

All Insured 

Institutions

Credit 

Card 

Banks

International 

Banks

Agricultural 

Banks

Commercial 

Lenders

Mortgage 

Lenders

Consumer 

Lenders

Other 

Specialized 

<$1 Billion

All Other 

<$1 Billion

All Other 

>$1 Billion

Number of institutions reporting 4,839 12 5 1,121 2,417 293 33 357 506 95

Commercial banks 4,231 11 5 1,110 2,187 80 21 326 412 79

Savings institutions 608 1 0 11 230 213 12 31 94 16

Total assets (in billions) $23,719.3 $499.8 $5,827.2 $302.8 $7,372.2 $776.3 $352.9 $83.4 $130.1 $8,374.6

Commercial banks 22,195.2 413.8 5,827.2 297.2 6,927.9 122.9 345.2 77.7 104.3 8,078.9

Savings institutions 1,524.1 86.1 0.0 5.5 444.2 653.4 7.7 5.7 25.8 295.7

Total deposits (in billions) 19,701.6 351.3 4,618.9 260.0 6,226.4 694.5 301.2 70.7 112.8 7,065.9

Commercial banks 18,410.3 286.2 4,618.9 256.5 5,877.7 106.2 294.6 66.4 91.2 6,812.6

Savings institutions 1,291.3 65.1 0.0 3.5 348.7 588.3 6.7 4.2 21.5 253.3

Bank net income (in millions) 63,872 5,399 12,586 794 20,638 1,639 1,626 332 275 20,583

Commercial banks 60,077 4,636 12,586 750 19,264 378 1,612 93 239 20,517

Savings institutions 3,795 763 0 43 1,374 1,260 14 239 36 66

Performance Ratios (annualized, %)

Yield on earning assets 2.71 11.65 2.01 3.53 3.09 1.82 4.05 2.52 3.30 2.29

Cost of funding earning assets 0.15 0.92 0.10 0.32 0.18 0.12 0.54 0.21 0.27 0.10

Net interest margin 2.56 10.74 1.91 3.21 2.92 1.70 3.51 2.31 3.03 2.19

Noninterest income to assets 1.24 6.17 1.41 0.55 0.99 0.74 1.31 3.20 1.19 1.10

Noninterest expense to assets 2.28 9.21 2.14 2.33 2.28 1.35 1.79 3.40 3.03 2.05

Credit loss provision to assets** -0.01 1.46 -0.13 0.08 -0.02 -0.02 0.30 0.04 0.06 -0.03

Net operating income to assets 1.08 4.40 0.86 1.00 1.13 0.85 1.89 1.53 0.82 0.99

Pretax return on assets 1.32 5.69 1.11 1.22 1.42 1.10 2.53 2.04 0.98 1.10

Return on assets 1.09 4.42 0.86 1.06 1.14 0.87 1.90 1.61 0.86 1.00

Return on equity 10.90 34.02 9.46 9.70 10.52 10.30 20.63 12.12 7.81 10.15

Net charge-offs to loans and leases 0.21 1.58 0.28 0.07 0.09 0.01 0.34 0.21 0.07 0.17

Loan and lease loss provision to 

net charge-offs -8.48 110.35 -123.23 183.19 -41.70 -593.16 137.42 65.71 147.50 -38.74

Efficiency ratio 63.20 55.94 68.16 64.82 61.33 56.18 38.87 62.95 74.99 65.57

% of unprofitable institutions 7.81 0.00 0.00 11.60 4.05 9.90 9.09 18.77 9.88 1.05

% of institutions with earnings gains 52.06 58.33 60.00 47.55 55.65 56.31 63.64 43.14 47.23 54.74

Structural Changes

New reporters 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Institutions absorbed by mergers 72 0 0 14 55 0 0 0 1 2

Failed institutions 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

PRIOR FOURTH QUARTERS

(The way it was...)

Return on assets (%) 2020 1.10 4.49 1.05 1.15 1.15 0.90 2.34 2.68 1.05 0.83

 2018 1.33 3.36 1.03 1.22 1.26 1.12 1.32 3.96 1.11 1.42

 2016 1.03 2.20 1.03 1.08 0.91 1.00 0.80 3.22 0.83 1.03

Net charge-offs to loans & leases (%) 2020 0.42 2.78 0.54 0.18 0.24 0.06 0.45 0.17 0.09 0.37

 2018 0.50 3.85 0.49 0.21 0.21 0.06 0.80 0.25 0.22 0.39

 2016 0.52 3.76 0.61 0.25 0.27 0.06 0.60 0.33 0.23 0.42

* See Table V-A (page 10) for explanations.

** For institutions that have adopted ASU 2016-13, the numerator represents provisions for credit losses on a consolidated basis; for institutions that have not adopted ASU 2016-13, the numerator 

represents the provision for loan and lease losses.
QUARTERLY BANKING PROFILE

FDIC QUARTERLY 9

TABLE IV-A. Fourth Quarter 2021, All FDIC-Insured Institutions 

Asset Size Distribution Geographic Regions*

FOURTH QUARTER

(The way it is...)

All Insured 

Institutions

Less Than 

$100 

Million

$100 

Million to 

$1 Billion

$1 Billion to 

$10 Billion

$10 Billion 

to $250 

Billion

Greater 

Than $250 

Billion New York Atlanta Chicago

Kansas 

City Dallas

San 

Francisco

Number of institutions reporting 4,839 817 3,049 813 147 13 577 551 1,040 1,237 1,075 359

Commercial banks 4,231 712 2,702 675 130 12 299 502 897 1,198 1,006 329

Savings institutions 608 105 347 138 17 1 278 49 143 39 69 30

Total assets (in billions) $23,719.3 $49.9 $1,125.0 $2,221.7 $7,076.0 $13,246.6 $4,454.4 $4,787.8 $5,666.0 $4,198.7 $2,041.5 $2,570.9

Commercial banks 22,195.2 44.0 988.0 1,866.0 6,471.1 12,826.1 4,017.7 4,645.8 5,574.0 4,152.1 1,389.1 2,416.6

Savings institutions 1,524.1 5.9 136.9 355.8 605.0 420.5 436.7 142.0 92.1 46.6 652.4 154.3

Total deposits (in billions) 19,701.6 42.0 966.9 1,878.2 5,929.0 10,885.6 3,690.7 4,028.5 4,519.7 3,503.0 1,776.6 2,183.1

Commercial banks 18,410.3 37.5 854.1 1,584.8 5,441.1 10,492.9 3,340.3 3,909.2 4,450.8 3,464.1 1,188.0 2,057.8

Savings institutions 1,291.3 4.6 112.8 293.4 487.8 392.7 350.4 119.3 68.8 38.9 588.6 125.3

Bank net income (in millions) 63,872 82 3,133 7,212 22,220 31,226 11,170 13,965 15,097 8,974 4,830 9,836

Commercial banks 60,077 70 2,590 6,137 20,769 30,510 9,953 13,837 14,584 8,866 3,956 8,881

Savings institutions 3,795 12 543 1,074 1,450 716 1,217 128 513 108 874 955

Performance Ratios (annualized, %)

Yield on earning assets 2.71 3.45 3.57 3.56 3.29 2.16 2.62 2.77 2.26 2.72 2.79 3.63

Cost of funding earning assets 0.15 0.33 0.30 0.24 0.21 0.09 0.17 0.14 0.11 0.15 0.15 0.23

Net interest margin 2.56 3.12 3.27 3.33 3.08 2.07 2.45 2.62 2.15 2.57 2.64 3.39

Noninterest income to assets 1.24 1.79 1.28 1.21 1.30 1.20 1.22 0.96 1.48 1.09 0.84 1.83

Noninterest expense to assets 2.28 3.82 2.99 2.63 2.45 2.06 2.13 2.20 2.16 2.41 2.14 2.84

Credit loss provision to assets** -0.01 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.09 -0.09 0.04 -0.02 -0.10 -0.08 0.02 0.19

Net operating income to assets 1.08 0.66 1.09 1.29 1.27 0.95 1.00 1.19 1.07 0.85 0.96 1.54

Pretax return on assets 1.32 0.78 1.32 1.65 1.64 1.10 1.29 1.18 1.37 1.10 1.17 2.03

Return on assets 1.09 0.66 1.13 1.32 1.28 0.95 1.01 1.19 1.07 0.85 0.97 1.56

Return on equity 10.90 4.81 10.30 12.08 12.26 9.97 9.75 11.51 11.25 8.72 9.88 15.31

Net charge-offs to loans and leases 0.21 0.09 0.08 0.14 0.23 0.22 0.21 0.21 0.15 0.26 0.10 0.28

Loan and lease loss provision to 

net charge-offs -8.48 169.12 183.37 82.41 63.70 -94.03 38.20 -14.38 -130.02 -64.49 30.14 110.90

Efficiency ratio 63.20 81.37 68.45 60.42 58.21 66.68 61.37 64.90 62.66 69.96 63.98 55.98

% of unprofitable institutions 7.81 24.48 5.48 1.11 1.36 0.00 4.33 8.71 7.40 10.19 7.63 5.57

% of institutions with earnings gains 52.06 45.41 51.39 59.90 57.14 76.92 58.75 52.63 47.31 44.79 59.26 57.66

Structural Changes

New reporters 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Institutions absorbed by mergers 72 12 39 19 2 0 7 7 12 28 13 5

Failed institutions 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

PRIOR FOURTH QUARTERS

(The way it was...)

Return on assets (%) 2020 1.10 0.65 1.22 1.30 1.34 0.94 0.89 1.08 1.24 0.88 1.04 1.67

 2018 1.33 0.87 1.24 1.32 1.49 1.24 1.25 1.45 1.19 1.19 1.34 1.81

 2016 1.03 0.69 1.04 0.86 1.05 1.05 0.87 0.99 1.07 1.08 0.79 1.33

Net charge-offs to loans & leases (%) 2020 0.42 0.15 0.15 0.24 0.52 0.42 0.42 0.41 0.37 0.43 0.25 0.58

 2018 0.50 0.25 0.19 0.21 0.73 0.44 0.58 0.58 0.24 0.51 0.30 0.78

 2016 0.52 0.36 0.23 0.35 0.71 0.49 0.61 0.58 0.30 0.59 0.33 0.67

* See Table V-A (page 11) for explanations.

** For institutions that have adopted ASU 2016-13, the numerator represents provisions for credit losses on a consolidated basis; for institutions that have not adopted ASU 2016-13, the numerator 

represents the provision for loan and lease losses.
2022   •   Volume 16  • Number 1

10 FDIC QUARTERLY

TABLE V-A. Loan Performance, All FDIC-Insured Institutions

Asset Concentration Groups*

December 31, 2021 All Insured 

Institutions

Credit 

Card 

Banks

International 

Banks

Agricultural 

Banks

Commercial 

Lenders

Mortgage 

Lenders

Consumer 

Lenders

Other 

Specialized 

<$1 Billion

All Other 

<$1 Billion

All Other 

>$1 Billion

Percent of Loans 30-89 Days Past Due

All loans secured by real estate 0.42 0.25 0.36 0.39 0.32 0.36 0.21 0.77 0.58 0.65

Construction and development 0.34 0.00 0.42 0.43 0.30 1.08 0.11 0.58 0.38 0.42

Nonfarm nonresidential 0.19 0.11 0.35 0.26 0.17 0.21 0.02 0.53 0.36 0.22

Multifamily residential real estate 0.14 0.00 0.16 0.10 0.13 0.30 0.10 0.10 0.06 0.15

Home equity loans 0.42 0.00 0.48 0.42 0.36 0.19 0.20 0.45 0.47 0.51

Other 1-4 family residential 0.68 0.28 0.44 0.70 0.62 0.35 0.24 1.12 0.77 0.90

Commercial and industrial loans 0.41 0.45 0.81 0.50 0.26 0.18 0.23 0.80 0.63 0.44

Loans to individuals 1.02 1.08 0.65 0.89 0.80 0.26 1.57 1.10 1.10 1.20

Credit card loans 0.88 1.09 0.62 1.51 1.38 0.77 0.91 1.92 0.95 0.81

Other loans to individuals 1.15 0.93 0.72 0.82 0.76 0.25 1.58 1.06 1.10 1.38

All other loans and leases (including farm) 0.30 0.26 0.47 0.30 0.22 0.03 0.06 0.44 0.51 0.23

Total loans and leases 0.50 1.01 0.54 0.40 0.33 0.33 1.04 0.78 0.62 0.61

Percent of Loans Noncurrent**

All real estate loans 1.29 0.81 1.46 0.72 1.03 0.72 0.32 0.83 0.66 1.90

Construction and development 0.47 0.08 1.94 0.40 0.34 0.50 0.19 0.65 0.39 0.69

Nonfarm nonresidential 0.69 1.16 0.75 0.70 0.61 0.49 0.20 0.78 0.81 1.00

Multifamily residential real estate 0.25 2.60 0.16 0.33 0.24 0.51 0.16 0.26 0.20 0.37

Home equity loans 2.09 0.00 5.71 0.24 1.17 0.47 3.68 0.32 0.36 2.77

Other 1-4 family residential 2.04 0.74 1.78 0.57 2.18 0.77 0.29 0.87 0.64 2.40

Commercial and industrial loans 0.68 0.29 1.02 1.00 0.68 0.64 0.96 0.65 0.64 0.53

Loans to individuals 0.64 0.98 0.52 0.36 0.43 0.07 0.78 0.42 0.38 0.57

Credit card loans 0.83 1.03 0.62 0.37 1.01 0.42 0.95 0.69 0.47 0.76

Other loans to individuals 0.47 0.34 0.25 0.36 0.39 0.06 0.78 0.40 0.38 0.48

All other loans and leases (including farm) 0.23 0.39 0.24 0.65 0.26 0.09 0.09 0.73 0.58 0.19

Total loans and leases 0.89 0.91 0.82 0.73 0.85 0.65 0.68 0.78 0.64 1.00

Percent of Loans Charged-Off (net, YTD)

All real estate loans 0.01 0.06 -0.06 0.02 0.02 0.00 -0.01 -0.03 0.01 0.00

Construction and development 0.01 0.18 0.03 0.06 0.01 0.02 -0.18 -0.08 -0.05 0.01

Nonfarm nonresidential 0.06 0.44 0.04 0.04 0.07 0.07 0.02 -0.11 0.04 0.03

Multifamily residential real estate 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.02 0.12 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01

Home equity loans -0.17 0.00 -0.60 0.04 -0.09 -0.05 -0.20 -0.07 0.01 -0.17

Other 1-4 family residential -0.02 0.01 -0.06 0.02 -0.02 -0.01 -0.01 0.02 0.00 0.00

Commercial and industrial loans 0.19 0.74 0.28 0.14 0.19 -0.11 0.11 0.01 0.11 0.13

Loans to individuals 1.19 2.15 1.60 0.25 0.57 0.22 0.42 0.58 0.21 0.89

Credit card loans 2.17 2.22 2.09 0.83 3.05 1.78 1.13 0.16 0.83 2.16

Other loans to individuals 0.36 1.20 0.30 0.18 0.41 0.17 0.41 0.60 0.20 0.30

All other loans and leases (including farm) 0.09 0.29 0.06 0.03 0.11 0.09 0.11 1.21 0.07 0.10

Total loans and leases 0.25 2.00 0.38 0.05 0.11 0.01 0.27 0.08 0.04 0.20

Loans Outstanding (in billions)

All real estate loans $5,258.4 $2.8 $570.7 $112.5 $2,809.4 $175.3 $51.9 $17.8 $53.9 $1,464.1

Construction and development 401.1 0.1 17.0 7.7 293.4 5.5 0.4 1.8 4.2 71.0

Nonfarm nonresidential 1,645.6 0.3 62.0 30.0 1,181.4 15.7 6.5 6.5 12.4 330.9

Multifamily residential real estate 512.6 0.0 85.8 4.0 331.3 4.1 0.8 0.6 1.8 84.1

Home equity loans 265.1 0.0 24.3 1.7 141.5 7.1 0.7 0.5 1.7 87.5

Other 1-4 family residential 2,259.0 2.3 326.5 25.4 811.6 142.1 43.6 7.2 29.9 870.2

Commercial and industrial loans 2,314.0 42.5 341.6 21.6 1,070.5 7.3 35.0 3.0 5.9 786.5

Loans to individuals 1,882.0 381.6 385.2 6.3 283.0 14.1 150.2 1.8 5.4 654.3

Credit card loans 871.1 358.8 282.4 0.6 17.2 0.4 1.4 0.1 0.1 210.2

Other loans to individuals 1,010.9 22.8 102.9 5.7 265.8 13.7 148.8 1.7 5.3 444.2

All other loans and leases (including farm) 1,794.7 0.7 548.2 35.8 378.1 7.4 8.9 1.2 3.2 811.2

Total loans and leases (plus unearned income) 11,249.0 427.6 1,845.8 176.2 4,541.0 204.1 246.1 23.7 68.4 3,716.2

Memo: Other Real Estate Owned (in millions)

All other real estate owned 2,960.6 2.7 232.0 117.0 1,630.4 52.4 10.4 41.4 72.7 801.6

Construction and development 567.6 0.2 1.0 12.6 465.4 7.9 0.0 15.3 27.5 37.6

Nonfarm nonresidential 1,498.1 2.4 88.0 53.0 844.9 22.1 0.3 18.3 23.9 445.2

Multifamily residential real estate 42.9 0.0 0.0 3.0 34.7 0.2 0.1 0.0 4.7 0.1

1-4 family residential 779.3 0.1 135.0 17.3 258.0 21.2 10.0 6.3 15.2 316.3

Farmland 64.0 0.0 0.0 31.2 26.7 1.0 0.0 1.5 1.4 2.2

* Asset Concentration Group Definitions (Groups are hierarchical and mutually exclusive):

Credit-card Lenders - Institutions whose credit-card loans plus securitized receivables exceed 50 percent of total assets plus securitized receivables.

International Banks - Banks with assets greater than $10 billion and more than 25 percent of total assets in foreign offices.

Agricultural Banks - Banks whose agricultural production loans plus real estate loans secured by farmland exceed 25 percent of the total loans and leases.

Commercial Lenders - Institutions whose commercial and industrial loans, plus real estate construction and development loans, plus loans secured by commercial real estate properties exceed 

25 percent of total assets.

Mortgage Lenders - Institutions whose residential mortgage loans, plus mortgage-backed securities, exceed 50 percent of total assets.

Consumer Lenders - Institutions whose residential mortgage loans, plus credit-card loans, plus other loans to individuals, exceed 50 percent of total assets.

Other Specialized < $1 Billion - Institutions with assets less than $1 billion, whose loans and leases are less than 40 percent of total assets.

All Other < $1 billion - Institutions with assets less than $1 billion that do not meet any of the definitions above, they have significant lending activity with no identified asset concentrations.

All Other > $1 billion - Institutions with assets greater than $1 billion that do not meet any of the definitions above, they have significant lending activity with no identified asset concentrations.

** Noncurrent loan rates represent the percentage of loans in each category that are past due 90 days or more or that are in nonaccrual status.
QUARTERLY BANKING PROFILE

FDIC QUARTERLY 11

TABLE V-A. Loan Performance, All FDIC-Insured Institutions

Asset Size Distribution Geographic Regions*

December 31, 2021 All Insured 

Institutions

Less Than 

$100 

Million

$100 

Million to 

$1 Billion

$1 Billion 

to 

$10 Billion

$10 Billion 

to $250 

Billion

Greater 

Than $250 

Billion New York Atlanta Chicago

Kansas 

City Dallas

San 

Francisco

Percent of Loans 30-89 Days Past Due 

All loans secured by real estate 0.42 0.80 0.37 0.24 0.38 0.58 0.41 0.48 0.46 0.50 0.45 0.20

Construction and development 0.34 0.54 0.28 0.31 0.28 0.55 0.37 0.26 0.29 0.42 0.29 0.46

Nonfarm nonresidential 0.19 0.62 0.22 0.14 0.17 0.26 0.25 0.15 0.17 0.20 0.19 0.13

Multifamily residential real estate 0.14 0.42 0.16 0.09 0.14 0.18 0.18 0.16 0.14 0.16 0.10 0.04

Home equity loans 0.42 0.30 0.30 0.25 0.40 0.50 0.35 0.46 0.51 0.48 0.35 0.22

Other 1-4 family residential 0.68 1.13 0.62 0.42 0.65 0.78 0.66 0.77 0.71 0.79 0.91 0.26

Commercial and industrial loans 0.41 0.69 0.44 0.34 0.24 0.54 0.30 0.37 0.44 0.61 0.32 0.34

Loans to individuals 1.02 1.19 1.14 1.38 0.94 1.06 0.86 1.52 0.60 0.91 0.77 1.16

Credit card loans 0.88 1.50 1.71 2.63 1.01 0.71 1.02 1.06 0.59 0.74 0.48 1.02

Other loans to individuals 1.15 1.19 1.10 1.11 0.87 1.39 0.75 1.89 0.61 1.22 0.87 1.27

All other loans and leases (including farm) 0.30 0.38 0.30 0.24 0.20 0.35 0.25 0.16 0.46 0.35 0.16 0.19

Total loans and leases 0.50 0.76 0.41 0.32 0.44 0.61 0.44 0.61 0.48 0.55 0.42 0.45

Percent of Loans Noncurrent** 

All real estate loans 1.29 0.97 0.60 0.60 1.39 1.77 1.23 1.29 1.28 1.61 1.97 0.47

Construction and development 0.47 0.45 0.43 0.37 0.29 1.01 0.91 0.29 0.87 0.23 0.19 0.27

Nonfarm nonresidential 0.69 1.06 0.58 0.54 0.70 0.93 1.01 0.59 0.70 0.76 0.45 0.51

Multifamily residential real estate 0.25 0.53 0.27 0.28 0.22 0.26 0.34 0.62 0.18 0.11 0.16 0.09

Home equity loans 2.09 0.23 0.54 0.45 1.14 3.56 1.86 1.58 2.57 4.12 0.83 0.65

Other 1-4 family residential 2.04 0.98 0.64 0.87 2.57 2.20 1.75 1.99 1.73 2.43 5.21 0.54

Commercial and industrial loans 0.68 1.32 0.71 0.83 0.62 0.69 0.73 0.52 0.65 0.80 0.71 0.78

Loans to individuals 0.64 0.64 0.42 0.70 0.69 0.59 0.69 0.77 0.33 0.64 0.49 0.75

Credit card loans 0.83 0.87 1.36 2.22 0.97 0.67 1.03 0.97 0.55 0.73 0.83 0.89

Other loans to individuals 0.47 0.64 0.35 0.37 0.43 0.52 0.46 0.62 0.16 0.47 0.39 0.63

All other loans and leases (including farm) 0.23 0.94 0.63 0.27 0.28 0.19 0.13 0.14 0.27 0.29 0.18 0.34

Total loans and leases 0.89 0.99 0.61 0.63 0.95 0.94 0.90 0.82 0.80 1.02 1.48 0.57

Percent of Loans Charged-Off 

(net, YTD) 

All real estate loans 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.03 0.03 -0.03 0.03 0.00 -0.02 0.00 0.01 0.01

Construction and development 0.01 -0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.04 0.10 -0.05 0.02 0.00 0.00 -0.04

Nonfarm nonresidential 0.06 0.03 0.01 0.06 0.09 0.02 0.08 0.05 0.06 0.04 0.04 0.06

Multifamily residential real estate 0.02 -0.01 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.01 0.03 0.04 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.00

Home equity loans -0.17 -0.01 0.00 -0.03 -0.09 -0.28 -0.11 -0.20 -0.23 -0.17 -0.17 -0.07

Other 1-4 family residential -0.02 0.01 0.00 0.00 -0.01 -0.03 -0.01 -0.01 -0.04 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01

Commercial and industrial loans 0.19 0.15 0.14 0.18 0.20 0.19 0.20 0.17 0.21 0.21 0.18 0.17

Loans to individuals 1.19 0.29 0.51 1.23 1.22 1.19 1.26 1.07 0.94 1.71 0.65 1.21

Credit card loans 2.17 3.55 3.20 4.82 2.14 2.12 2.46 2.07 1.93 2.32 1.53 2.20

Other loans to individuals 0.36 0.26 0.31 0.45 0.40 0.33 0.47 0.26 0.17 0.65 0.37 0.42

All other loans and leases (including farm) 0.09 0.11 0.14 0.07 0.09 0.09 0.10 0.12 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.12

Total loans and leases 0.25 0.07 0.06 0.12 0.30 0.27 0.26 0.26 0.19 0.31 0.10 0.33

Loans Outstanding (in billions) 

All real estate loans $5,258.4 $17.3 $509.5 $1,002.7 $1,941.7 $1,787.2 $1,122.6 $891.0 $1,051.2 $858.2 $595.7 $739.6

Construction and development 401.1 1.1 50.8 104.1 165.2 80.0 78.2 61.4 64.6 56.6 91.4 48.9

Nonfarm nonresidential 1,645.6 3.6 193.8 438.9 658.3 350.9 381.3 303.3 249.2 214.1 246.2 251.5

Multifamily residential real estate 512.6 0.5 28.8 107.8 229.6 146.0 176.5 41.4 128.7 49.8 26.6 89.7

Home equity loans 265.1 0.3 14.4 33.5 99.9 116.9 64.6 58.5 64.2 35.2 17.8 24.9

Other 1-4 family residential 2,259.0 8.2 171.2 284.9 772.7 1,021.9 416.8 414.0 519.7 401.5 193.0 314.0

Commercial and industrial loans 2,314.0 3.1 88.3 241.5 838.7 1,142.4 420.3 536.2 528.4 392.7 174.5 261.9

Loans to individuals 1,882.0 1.6 26.1 79.6 816.2 958.5 340.3 439.2 375.8 295.2 69.5 362.1

Credit card loans 871.1 0.0 1.9 14.1 388.8 466.2 135.7 197.8 166.1 191.2 16.3 164.0

Other loans to individuals 1,010.9 1.6 24.1 65.4 427.4 492.3 204.6 241.4 209.6 104.0 53.2 198.2

All other loans and leases (including farm) 1,794.7 3.5 40.5 68.4 499.0 1,183.3 291.9 358.2 467.8 423.2 73.9 179.8

Total loans and leases 

(plus unearned income) 11,249.0 25.5 664.3 1,392.2 4,095.6 5,071.3 2,175.1 2,224.5 2,423.2 1,969.2 913.5 1,543.4

Memo: Other Real Estate Owned 

(in millions) 

All other real estate owned 2,960.6 39.4 617.0 782.8 679.6 841.8 443.1 763.2 613.1 444.3 557.4 139.5

Construction and development 567.6 7.5 246.7 184.2 108.4 20.7 62.8 140.5 60.5 109.1 163.5 31.2

Nonfarm nonresidential 1,498.1 12.3 217.2 473.0 301.8 493.7 147.5 462.3 318.9 217.1 298.0 54.3

Multifamily residential real estate 42.9 6.2 24.5 5.6 6.0 0.6 6.4 9.4 1.7 5.5 13.2 6.8

1-4 family residential 779.3 11.7 92.3 94.7 261.9 318.7 226.1 145.4 220.5 84.9 65.0 37.4

Farmland 64.0 1.7 36.2 24.6 1.5 0.0 0.4 5.6 10.8 19.7 17.7 9.9

* Regions:

New York - Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Puerto Rico, Rhode Island, Vermont, U.S. Virgin Islands

Atlanta - Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, West Virginia

Chicago - Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Michigan, Ohio, Wisconsin

Kansas City - Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota

Dallas - Arkansas, Colorado, Louisiana, Mississippi, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Texas

San Francisco - Alaska, Arizona, California, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Pacific Islands, Utah, Washington, Wyoming

** Noncurrent loan rates represent the percentage of loans in each category that are past due 90 days or more or that are in nonaccrual status.
2022   •   Volume 16  • Number 1

12 FDIC QUARTERLY

TABLE VI-A. Derivatives, All FDIC-Insured Call Report Filers

4th 

Quarter 

2021

3rd 

Quarter 

2021

2nd

Quarter 

2021

1st

Quarter 

2021

4th 

Quarter 

2020

% 

Change 

20Q4-

2 1Q4

Asset Size Distribution

(dollar figures in millions;

notional amounts unless otherwise indicated)

Less 

Than 

$100 

Million

$100 

Million 

to $1 

Billion

$1 

Billion 

to $10 

Billion

$10 

Billion 

to $250 

Billion

Greater 

Than 

$250 

Billion

ALL DERIVATIVE HOLDERS 

Number of institutions reporting derivatives 1,307 1,358 1,373 1,388 1,388 -5.8 22 617 521 134 13

Total assets of institutions reporting derivatives $21,889,826 $21,479,239 $21,030,025 $20,815,146 $20,135,034 8.7 $1,514 $302,206 $1,601,414 $6,738,069 $13,246,623

Total deposits of institutions reporting derivatives 18,158,080 17,677,856 17,273,942 17,013,885 16,393,952 10.8 1,226 258,288 1,357,651 5,655,310 10,885,604

Total derivatives 179,313,801 187,643,808 186,058,289 191,684,273 165,711,801 8.2 210 15,904 188,152 4,260,642 174,848,892

Derivative Contracts by Underlying Risk Exposure 

Interest rate 126,263,377 131,804,111 133,334,810 137,477,490 116,058,438 8.8 210 15,081 181,230 2,476,581 123,590,274

Foreign exchange* 43,668,294 45,631,510 43,728,636 45,257,498 41,448,704 5.4 0 0 2,770 1,560,231 42,105,293

Equity 4,256,115 4,649,081 4,254,960 4,004,712 3,774,715 12.8 0 23 48 76,981 4,179,063

Commodity & other (excluding credit derivatives) 1,584,207 1,703,480 1,631,946 1,582,254 1,394,504 13.6 0 0 75 98,041 1,486,092

Credit 3,540,460 3,854,151 3,106,414 3,361,030 3,034,285 16.7 0 16 3,466 48,807 3,488,171

Total 179,312,453 187,642,333 186,056,766 191,682,984 165,710,646 8.2 210 15,120 187,589 4,260,642 174,848,892

Derivative Contracts by Transaction Type 

Swaps 109,290,037 111,081,251 106,971,001 107,719,719 96,423,495 13.3 0 2,010 120,688 2,318,480 106,848,859

Futures & forwards 31,179,822 35,311,292 37,583,984 40,934,399 32,350,455 -3.6 0 3,021 16,177 1,573,070 29,587,554

Purchased options 16,490,297 17,182,098 17,945,500 18,603,556 16,098,917 2.4 0 363 15,105 142,133 16,332,697

Written options 16,963,118 17,050,718 17,894,265 18,371,380 15,891,741 6.7 0 2,390 12,075 133,867 16,814,786

Total 173,923,274 180,625,360 180,394,750 185,629,054 160,764,608 8.2 0 7,784 164,044 4,167,550 169,583,895

Fair Value of Derivative Contracts 

Interest rate contracts 55,248 63,671 63,856 69,365 70,648 -21.8 0 24 592 5,797 48,835

Foreign exchange contracts -4,023 11,247 10,331 13,849 -11,466 NM 0 0 5 905 -4,932

Equity contracts -8,794 -10,450 -13,321 -6,866 -7,165 NM 0 4 2 -1,104 -7,696

Commodity & other (excluding credit derivatives) 6,479 15,125 6,125 3,967 -452 NM 0 0 1 230 6,249

Credit derivatives as guarantor** 24,091 22,626 16,825 16,748 14,331 68.1 0 0 13 -71 24,149

Credit derivatives as beneficiary** -28,518 -25,233 -21,074 -18,373 -18,166 NM 0 0 -10 -313 -28,195

Derivative Contracts by Maturity*** 

Interest rate contracts < 1 year 68,042,217 73,184,579 71,258,971 76,501,727 62,457,197 8.9 28 3,402 20,249 1,103,366 66,915,172

1-5 years 41,249,959 41,533,803 45,947,286 44,407,789 39,201,919 5.2 5 1,683 46,216 770,730 40,431,324

> 5 years 20,474,533 22,926,827 22,279,948 22,231,036 20,844,428 -1.8 0 2,998 80,392 465,503 19,925,640

Foreign exchange and gold contracts < 1 year 30,953,966 31,560,013 30,839,509 32,130,016 29,434,113 5.2 0 0 2,048 1,437,913 29,514,005

1-5 years 4,863,871 4,723,452 4,557,853 4,336,231 4,404,492 10.4 0 0 262 92,216 4,771,393

> 5 years 2,551,933 2,576,222 2,502,654 2,405,347 2,402,103 6.2 0 0 11 11,860 2,540,062

Equity contracts < 1 year 3,880,771 4,079,641 3,806,830 3,504,313 3,287,136 18.1 0 7 3 37,463 3,843,298

1-5 years 1,055,173 1,135,840 957,152 870,551 770,821 36.9 0 16 21 35,135 1,020,001

> 5 years 144,720 159,126 153,371 124,452 138,573 4.4 0 0 5 2,065 142,651

Commodity & other contracts (including credit 

derivatives, excluding gold contracts) < 1 year 2,195,295 2,417,770 2,234,059 2,149,899 1,820,961 20.6 0 3 134 37,339 2,157,819

1-5 years 2,569,198 2,478,994 2,137,329 2,050,971 2,023,406 27.0 0 18 861 40,863 2,527,457

> 5 years 236,524 519,222 215,849 435,795 215,486 9.8 0 75 1,799 7,157 227,493

Risk-Based Capital: Credit Equivalent Amount 

Total current exposure to tier 1 capital (%) 19.4 24.9 24.8 25.6 30.2 0.0 0.3 1.6 3.7 31.6

Total potential future exposure to tier 1 capital (%) 34.1 37.3 34.9 34.0 31.0 0.0 0.2 1.0 4.9 56.7

Total exposure (credit equivalent amount) 

to tier 1 capital (%) 53.4 62.3 59.7 59.6 61.2 0.0 0.5 2.7 8.7 88.2

Credit losses on derivatives  17.9 21.2 21.5 6.8 137.3 -86.9 0.0 6.4 -0.7 5.6 6.7

HELD FOR TRADING 

Number of institutions reporting derivatives 185 188 190 188 187 -1.1 0 18 89 67 11

Total assets of institutions reporting derivatives 16,931,219 16,663,510 16,311,705 16,167,781 15,870,969 6.7 0 9,166 367,964 4,151,617 12,402,472

Total deposits of institutions reporting derivatives 13,957,568 13,628,595 13,321,986 13,125,102 12,847,286 8.6 0 7,905 310,178 3,517,380 10,122,105

Derivative Contracts by Underlying Risk Exposure 

Interest rate 122,237,175 127,448,311 129,126,796 133,860,018 112,807,097 8.4 0 536 43,964 1,177,357 121,015,319

Foreign exchange 41,349,240 41,961,260 40,661,753 42,039,817 39,084,210 5.8 0 0 2,594 1,477,337 39,869,310

Equity 4,231,348 4,620,993 4,225,427 3,976,351 3,746,888 12.9 0 0 36 67,948 4,163,364

Commodity & other 1,543,080 1,664,064 1,592,567 1,544,723 1,358,385 13.6 0 0 9 93,253 1,449,818

Total 169,360,843 175,694,627 175,606,542 181,420,909 156,996,580 7.9 0 536 46,602 2,815,894 166,497,811

Trading Revenues: Cash & Derivative Instruments 

Interest rate**  278 -323 3,373 -29 3,625 -92.3 0 0 2 -59 335

Foreign exchange** 3,747 3,998 1,546 6,343 18 20,716.7 0 0 6 374 3,367

Equity** 3,534 1,729 2,384 2,388 2,480 42.5 0 0 12 45 3,478

Commodity & other (including credit derivatives)** -28 1,415 754 1,785 191 -114.7 0 0 0 32 -60

Total trading revenues** 7,531 6,819 8,057 10,487 6,314 19.3 0 0 19 392 7,120

Share of Revenue 

Trading revenues to gross revenues (%)** 5.4 4.8 5.8 7.5 4.6 0.0 0.0 0.5 1.1 7.1

Trading revenues to net operating revenues (%)** 18.3 15.4 18.1 21.0 16.8 0.0 0.0 1.5 3.8 24

HELD FOR PURPOSES OTHER THAN TRADING 

Number of institutions reporting derivatives 577 607 609 615 623 -7.4 0 129 310 125 13

Total assets of institutions reporting derivatives 20,931,820 20,529,306 19,988,674 19,820,456 19,249,586 8.7 0 67,606 1,171,023 6,446,568 13,246,623

Total deposits of institutions reporting derivatives 17,350,292 16,878,746 16,400,333 16,180,006 15,655,539 10.8 0 57,575 986,831 5,420,281 10,885,604

Derivative Contracts by Underlying Risk Exposure 

Interest rate 3,998,706 4,320,508 4,170,881 3,573,201 3,192,677 25.2 0 7,226 117,300 1,299,225 2,574,955

Foreign exchange 497,831 542,719 548,414 569,053 511,407 -2.7 0 0 64 38,610 459,157

Equity 24,767 28,088 29,534 28,361 27,826 -11.0 0 23 12 9,033 15,699

Commodity & other 41,128 39,417 39,380 37,531 36,119 13.9 0 0 66 4,788 36,273

Total notional amount 4,562,432 4,930,733 4,788,208 4,208,145 3,768,028 21.1 0 7,248 117,442 1,351,656 3,086,085

All line items are reported on a quarterly basis. N/M - Not Meaningful

* Includes spot foreign exchange contracts. All other references to foreign exchange contracts in which notional values or fair values are reported exclude spot foreign exchange contracts.

** Does not include banks filing the FFIEC 051 report form, which was introduced in first quarter 2017.

*** Derivative contracts subject to the risk-based capital requirements for derivatives.

**** Credit losses on derivatives is applicable to all banks filing the FFIEC 031 report form and banks filing the FFIEC 041 report form that have $300 million or more in total assets, but is not 

applicaable to banks filing the FFIEC 051 form.
QUARTERLY BANKING PROFILE

FDIC QUARTERLY 13

TABLE VII-A. Servicing, Securitization, and Asset Sales Activities (All FDIC-Insured Call Report Filers)*

Asset Size Distribution

(dollar figures in millions)

4th 

Quarter 

2021

3rd 

Quarter

2021

2nd 

Quarter

2021

1st 

Quarter

2021

4th 

Quarter

2020

% 

Change 

20Q4-

21Q4

Less 

Than 

$100 

Million

$100 

Million 

to $1 

Billion

$1 

Billion 

to $10 

Billion

$10 

Billion 

to $250 

Billion

Greater 

Than 

$250 

Billion

Assets Securitized and Sold with Servicing Retained or with 

Recourse or Other Seller-Provided Credit Enhancements 

Number of institutions reporting securitization activities 62 63 60 59 57 8.8 1 6 11 35 9

Outstanding Principal Balance by Asset Type 

1-4 family residential loans $324,821 $344,767 $356,054 $358,230 $382,125 -15.0 $0 $5,423 $10,938 $95,010 $213,449

Home equity loans 6 6 7 7 8 -25.0 0 0 0 6 0

Credit card receivables 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0

Auto loans 169 209 316 392 289 -41.5 0 0 0 169 0

Other consumer loans 1,241 1,313 1,388 1,469 1,569 -20.9 0 0 0 613 628

Commercial and industrial loans 6,624 6,285 0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 6,624

All other loans, leases, and other assets 106,355 101,198 95,055 91,085 87,334 21.8 3 0 7,252 7,019 92,081

Total securitized and sold 439,216 453,778 452,820 451,183 471,325 -6.8 3 5,423 18,190 102,817 312,783

Maximum Credit Exposure by Asset Type 

1-4 family residential loans 1,041 1,016 964 1,057 1,210 -14.0 0 0 51 476 514

Home equity loans 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0

Credit card receivables 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0

Auto loans 2 2 26 26 26 -92.3 0 0 0 2 0

Other consumer loans 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0

Commercial and industrial loans 275 257 0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 275

All other loans, leases, and other assets 2,500 2,414 2,301 2,274 2,029 23.2 0 0 63 118 2,320

Total credit exposure 3,818 3,689 3,291 3,357 3,265 16.9 0 114 0 3,109

Total unused liquidity commitments provided to institution’s own securitizations 241 255 67 76 71 239.4 0 0 0 0 241

Securitized Loans, Leases, and Other Assets 30-89 Days Past Due (%) 

1-4 family residential loans 2.1 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.7 0.0 1.0 0.5 1.7 2.3

Home equity loans 4.4 7.5 1.9 6.3 5.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.4 0

Credit card receivables 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

Auto loans 1.6 1.4 2.0 1.9 4.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.6 0

Other consumer loans 2.7 2.5 2.4 2.9 3.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.7 3.8

Commercial and industrial loans 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

All other loans, leases, and other assets 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.5 1.7 0.4

Total loans, leases, and other assets 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.8 2.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.4 1.7

Securitized Loans, Leases, and Other Assets 90 Days or More Past Due (%) 

1-4 family residential loans 1.9 2.2 2.4 2.7 3.0 0.0 2.0 1.0 2.6 1.6

Home equity loans 28.1 26.3 27.3 24.5 28.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 28.1 0

Credit card receivables 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

Auto loans 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0

Other consumer loans 2.5 2.3 2.2 2.4 2.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 3.8

Commercial and industrial loans 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

All other loans, leases, and other assets 1.3 1.5 1.9 1.8 2.4 0.0 0.0 2.0 0.3 1.3

Total loans, leases, and other assets 1.5 1.8 2.1 2.3 2.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 1.5

Securitized Loans, Leases, and Other Assets Charged-off 

(net, YTD, annualized, %) 

1-4 family residential loans 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

Home equity loans 2.9 3.0 1.7 1.8 11.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.9 0

Credit card receivables 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

Auto loans 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 3.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

Other consumer loans 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.1 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.8

Commercial and industrial loans 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

All other loans, leases, and other assets 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.2

Total loans, leases, and other assets 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1

Seller’s Interests in Institution's Own Securitizations – Carried as Loans 

Home equity loans 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0

Credit card receivables 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0

Commercial and industrial loans 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0

Seller’s Interests in Institution's Own Securitizations – Carried as Securities 

Home equity loans 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0

Credit card receivables 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0

Commercial and industrial loans 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0

Assets Sold with Recourse and Not Securitized 

Number of institutions reporting asset sales 329 342 345 340 343 -4.1 4 105 145 66 9

Outstanding Principal Balance by Asset Type 

1-4 family residential loans 32,269 33,775 37,950 36,084 35,364 -8.8 70 5,292 12,949 12,811 1,146

All other loans, leases, and other assets 139,581 137,571 135,583 135,492 131,293 6.3 0 13 55 38,591 100,922

Total sold and not securitized 171,849 171,346 173,533 171,577 166,657 3.1 70 5,306 13,004 51,402 102,068

Maximum Credit Exposure by Asset Type 

1-4 family residential loans 11,750 12,469 14,644 13,149 13,564 -13.4 2 606 4,100 6,462 580

All other loans, leases, and other assets 40,581 40,025 39,279 39,242 37,880 7.1 0 13 33 12,204 28,331

Total credit exposure 52,331 52,494 53,923 52,391 51,444 1.7 2 619 4,133 18,665 28,911

Support for Securitization Facilities Sponsored by Other Institutions 

Number of institutions reporting securitization facilities sponsored by others 36 37 37 38 37 -2.7 0 10 12 8 6

Total credit exposure 21,148 22,380 22,536 23,478 23,986 -11.8 0 0 0 1,480 19,668

Total unused liquidity commitments 425 432 408 415 418 1.7 0 0 0 295 130

Other

Assets serviced for others** 5,880,634 5,809,510 5,704,667 5,624,426 5,782,059 1.7 27,213 167,639 388,919 1,364,281 3,932,581

Asset-backed commercial paper conduits 

Credit exposure to conduits sponsored by institutions and others 21,662 20,788 20,683 18,417 19,694 10.0 0 0 0 0 21,662

Unused liquidity commitments to conduits sponsored by institutions 

 and others 51,794 55,177 54,035 56,072 56,904 -9.0 0 0 0 248 51,546

Net servicing income (for the quarter) 1,624 1,755 204 3,434 1,029 57.8 6 293 295 656 374

Net securitization income (for the quarter) 150 110 142 106 77 94.8 0 4 1 55 90

Total credit exposure to Tier 1 capital (%)*** 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.5 3.6 0.0 0.1 0.3 2.3 5.1

* Does not include banks filing the FFIEC 051 report form, which was introduced in first quarter 2017.

** The amount of financial assets serviced for others, other than closed-end 1-4 family residential mortgages, is reported when these assets are greater than $10 million.

*** Total credit exposure includes the sum of the three line items titled “Total credit exposure” reported above.
2022   •   Volume 16  • Number 1

14 FDIC QUARTERLY

TABLE VIII-A. Trust Services (All FDIC-Insured Institutions)

All Insured Institutions Asset Size Distribution

(dollar figures in millions)

Dec 31

2021

Dec 31

2020

Dec 31

2019

Dec 31

2018

% Change 

2020-2021

Less 

Than $100 

Million

$100 

Million to 

$1 Billion

$1 Billion 

to 

$10 Billion

$10 Billion 

to $250 

Billion

Greater 

Than $250 

Billion

Number of institutions reporting 4,839 5,002 5,177 5,406 -3.3 817 3,049 813 147 13

Number of institutions with fiduciary powers 1,528 1,578 1,627 1,686 -3.2 111 884 417 104 12

Commercial banks 1,416 1,461 1,500 1,561 -3.1 101 837 371 95 12

Savings institutions 112 117 127 125 -4.3 10 47 46 9 0

Number of institutions exercising fiduciary powers 1,135 1,171 1,207 1,260 -3.1 65 637 330 91 12

Commercial banks 1,046 1,079 1,106 1,162 -3.1 55 599 298 82 12

Savings institutions 89 92 101 98 -3.3 10 38 32 9 0

Number of institutions reporting fiduciary activity 1,081 1,118 1,147 1,199 -3.3 62 594 322 91 12

Commercial banks 1,001 1,034 1,055 1,106 -3.2 52 562 292 83 12

Savings institutions 80 84 92 93 -4.8 10 32 30 8 0

Fiduciary and related assets - managed assets 

Personal trust and agency accounts 829,855 744,217 709,267 630,296 11.5 20,646 60,424 109,152 321,881 317,750

Noninterest-bearing deposits 5,824 4,917 7,674 8,900 18.4 11 286 381 421 4,725

Interest-bearing deposits 83,238 77,995 69,079 76,197 6.7 95 2,932 8,078 15,867 56,266

U.S. Treasury and U.S. Government agency obligations 128,417 131,620 138,753 124,625 -2.4 1,575 2,199 12,658 51,767 60,218

State, county and municipal obligations 237,992 252,130 253,381 234,846 -5.6 4,218 8,788 18,535 91,634 114,816

Money market mutual funds 163,253 156,493 146,718 122,932 4.3 2,733 11,826 15,229 61,478 71,986

Other short-term obligations 183,013 160,426 132,383 135,186 14.1 92 106 386 4,865 177,563

Other notes and bonds 372,612 341,460 301,599 287,252 9.1 8,035 4,933 16,394 49,543 293,707

Common and preferred stocks 4,762,236 4,009,783 3,581,225 2,964,907 18.8 45,085 275,541 268,449 884,391 3,288,771

Real estate mortgages 1,792 2,048 2,125 2,087 -12.5 10 143 282 1,059 298

Real estate 55,982 49,113 52,582 49,756 14.0 1,135 7,996 7,564 17,205 22,082

Miscellaneous assets 164,833 143,307 130,782 107,310 15.0 2,083 6,030 16,574 44,678 95,468

Employee benefit and retirement-related trust and 

agency accounts:

Employee benefit - defined contribution 743,167 594,988 493,000 395,229 24.9 2,315 21,913 15,931 31,256 671,752

Employee benefit - defined benefit 686,683 634,612 602,747 508,367 8.2 4,203 3,204 20,975 25,194 633,107

Other employee benefit and retirement-related 

 accounts 510,203 454,678 408,075 339,960 12.2 8,143 96,596 39,468 128,722 237,275

Corporate trust and agency accounts 23,813 27,836 23,739 15,607 -14.5 5 306 2,447 6,654 14,401

Investment management and investment advisory 

agency accounts 2,734,651 2,319,578 2,110,931 1,832,929 17.9 25,454 125,233 154,512 610,311 1,819,142

Other fiduciary accounts 630,819 553,382 468,541 391,609 14.0 4,306 13,104 22,046 98,890 492,473

Total managed fiduciary accounts: 

Assets 6,159,191 5,329,291 4,816,302 4,113,997 15.6 65,072 320,781 364,530 1,222,907 4,185,901

Number of accounts 2,051,292 1,953,763 1,892,284 1,852,807 5.0 85,913 538,637 327,343 523,121 576,278

Fiduciary and related assets - nonmanaged assets 

Personal trust and agency accounts 452,238 386,951 339,489 300,897 16.9 14,540 27,104 27,106 215,008 168,480

Employee benefit and retirement-related trust and 

agency accounts: 

Employee benefit - defined contribution 2,250,463 2,076,354 2,504,371 2,152,994 8.4 207,257 82,139 54,566 981,712 924,788

Employee benefit - defined benefit 2,978,739 3,036,632 4,697,794 4,432,130 -1.9 14,415 15,457 17,759 1,086,386 1,844,722

Other employee benefit and retirement-related accounts 772,607 773,596 1,620,838 1,489,228 -0.1 46,119 3,970 18,670 165,248 538,600

Corporate trust and agency accounts 4,157,859 3,846,196 3,584,494 3,338,071 8.1 5 3,457 305,078 382,459 3,466,860

Other fiduciary accounts 3,543,431 3,429,906 3,998,882 3,470,168 3.3 13,593 42,723 37,828 510,186 2,939,101

Total nonmanaged fiduciary accounts: 

Assets 14,155,345 13,549,635 16,745,867 15,183,488 4.5 295,929 174,860 461,007 3,341,000 9,882,550

Number of accounts 4,449,885 4,752,447 4,304,374 3,909,570 -6.4 2,006,831 160,949 118,417 366,195 1,797,493

Custody and safekeeping accounts: 

Assets 143,775,262 129,464,890 110,653,618 96,368,744 11.1 53,421 1,942,804 1,321,851 12,996,312 127,460,875

Number of accounts 24,150,693 13,479,805 13,731,356 13,286,592 79.2 184,657 10,035,030 9,478,837 2,081,042 2,371,127

Fiduciary and related services income 

Personal trust and agency accounts 5,228 4,700 4,584 4,745 11.2 138 243 626 2,011 2,210

Retirement-related trust and agency accounts: 

Employee benefit - defined contribution 1,127 1,030 1,195 1,373 9.4 29 96 181 297 524

Employee benefit - defined benefit 1,079 1,102 1,361 1,502 -2.1 11 21 26 312 710

Other employee benefit and retirement-related accounts 2,693 2,243 2,176 2,114 20.1 81 810 283 828 690

Corporate trust and agency accounts 1,736 1,885 1,875 1,774 -7.9 0 6 199 538 993

Investment management agency accounts 11,114 9,585 9,110 9,140 16.0 166 947 1,094 3,513 5,395

Other fiduciary accounts 509 606 803 775 -16.0 6 1 5 169 327

Custody and safekeeping accounts 17,752 16,127 14,535 14,927 10.1 10 664 284 2,179 14,614

Other fiduciary and related services income 1,079 1,032 926 983 4.6 10 36 190 269 575

Total gross fiduciary and related services income 42,623 38,540 36,841 37,511 10.6 458 2,950 2,974 10,201 26,040

Less: Expenses 35,625 34,306 34,622 35,122 3.8 289 2,112 2,023 7,916 23,286

Less: Net losses from fiduciary and related services 270 547 502 300 -50.6 1 4 5 41 218

Plus: Intracompany income credits for fiduciary and 

 related services 6,274 7,335 10,137 9,307 -14.5 2 2 186 899 5,185

Net fiduciary and related services income 12,682 10,777 11,550 11,154 17.7 162 708 1,045 3,058 7,708

Collective investment funds and common trust funds 

(market value) 

Domestic equity funds 1,140,121 894,542 789,065 615,673 27.5 9,971 9,203 12,078 61,395 1,047,474

International/global equity funds 344,854 312,134 257,360 202,917 10.5 1,232 13,814 129 12,813 316,866

Stock/bond blend funds 225,365 209,306 175,200 148,831 7.7 2,350 515 897 37,990 183,613

Taxable bond funds 157,802 153,517 133,911 125,119 2.8 1,043 2,699 1,588 18,626 133,847

Municipal bond funds 2,030 2,106 2,287 2,004 -3.6 0 0 47 868 1,115

Short-term investments/money market funds 165,770 156,498 143,418 143,955 5.9 3,557 0 0 1,887 160,326

Specialty/other funds 70,819 62,117 61,674 58,833 14.0 0 9,186 32 9,168 52,433

Total collective investment funds 2,111,006 1,794,996 1,570,104 1,303,752 17.6 18,379 35,685 15,850 144,565 1,896,527
QUARTERLY BANKING PROFILE

FDIC QUARTERLY 15

COMMUNITY BANK PERFORMANCE

Community banks are identified based on criteria defined in the FDIC’s 2020 Community Banking Study. When comparing 

community bank performance across quarters, prior-quarter dollar amounts are based on community banks designated 

as such in the current quarter, adjusted for mergers. In contrast, prior-quarter ratios are based on community banks designated during the previous quarter.

Full-Year 2021 Net Income Rose on Higher Net Interest Income

Quarterly Net Income Continued to Increase Year Over Year

Net Interest Margin Narrowed

Loan and Lease Balances Increased From One Quarter and One Year Ago

Asset Quality Continued to Improve

Full-Year Net Income 

Increased in 2021

Full-year 2021 net income increased $7.4 billion (29.3 percent) to $32.7 billion from 2020, driven 

by higher net interest income (up $6.8 billion, 9.3 percent) and lower provision expense (down 

$6.0 billion, 84.7 percent). A $974.1 million increase in noninterest income also supported 

earnings growth, which was partially offset by a $3.9 billion increase in noninterest expense and 

$2.3 billion increase in income taxes. The net interest margin (NIM) fell 12 basis points from 2020 

to 3.27 percent, as the 41 basis point decline in the yield on earning assets outpaced the 29 basis 

point decline in the cost of funds and growth in earning assets outpaced growth in net interest 

income. The average community bank full-year pretax return on assets (ROA) ratio increased 

22 basis points to 1.52 percent in 2021. The percentage of unprofitable community banks declined 

from 4.5 percent to 3.2 percent, the lowest level on record.

Community Bank 

Quarterly Net Income 

Continued to Increase 

Year Over Year

Community bank quarterly net income increased by $511.6 million (7.1 percent) from a year ago to 

$7.8 billion in fourth quarter 2021. Higher net interest income and lower provision expense more 

than offset a decline in noninterest income and growth in noninterest expense. Just over half 

of all community banks (51.2 percent) reported annual improvements in quarterly net income. 

However, net income declined $719.9 million (8.5 percent) from third quarter 2021 because of 

higher noninterest expense. The average community bank quarterly pretax ROA ratio decreased 

1 basis point from one year ago and 16 basis points from one quarter ago to 1.40 percent, as 

average asset growth outpaced growth in earnings.

Growth in Net Interest 

Income Lifted Net 

Operating Revenue

Growth in net interest income of $1.3 billion (6.7 percent) overcame a decline in noninterest income 

of $707.0 million (10.4 percent) to lift net operating revenue $588.4 million (2.3 percent) from 

fourth quarter 2020. Lower interest expense (down $910.9 million, 35.1 percent) generated most of 

the growth in net interest income, while lower gains on loan sales (down $1.5 billion, 50.6 percent) 

drove the decline in noninterest income. Quarterly NIM fell 11 basis points from the year-ago 

quarter to 3.22 percent, as growth in average earning assets outpaced growth in net interest 

income. The yield on earning assets fell 30 basis points and the cost of funding earning assets fell 

19 basis points from the year-ago quarter. The average cost of funds of 0.26 percent reached the 

lowest level on record since Quarterly Banking Profile data collection began in first quarter 1984.

Contributors to the Year-Over-Year Change in Income

FDIC-Insured Community Banks 

Source: FDIC.

$ Billions

Net

Income

Net

Interest

Income

Loan Loss

Provisions

Noninterest

Income

Noninterest

Expense

Realized

Gains on

Securities

Income

Taxes

Positive Factor Negative Factor

-1.5

-0.5

0.5

1.5

7% -74% -10% 3% -53% 19%

 $0.51 $1.30 -$0.91 -$0.71 $0.56 -$0.21 $0.27 

7%

Chart 1

Source: FDIC.

Net Interest Margin

Percent 

Community Banks (3.22)

Industry (2.56)

2.25

2.50

2.75

3.00

3.25

3.50

3.75

4.00

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Chart 2
2022   •   Volume 16  • Number 1

16 FDIC QUARTERLY

Change in Loan Balances and Unused Commitments 

FDIC-Insured Community Banks 

Source: FDIC.

$ Billions

Loan Balances

Unused

Commitments

Nonfarm

Nonresidential

RE

Commercial

& Industrial 1–4 FamilyResidential

RE

Construction &

Development

Agricultural

Production Commercial RE& Construction Commercial& Industrial

Change 4Q 2021 vs. 4Q 2020

Change 4Q 2021 vs. 3Q 2021

50.6

17.6

-62.3

5.2 0.3

35.3

10.6 16.3

-12.2

4.4 5.9 0.6 7.1 1.5

-80

-60

-40

-20

0

20

40

60

Chart 3

Noncurrent Loan Rates for FDIC-Insured Community Banks

Source: FDIC.

Share of Loan Portfolio Noncurrent

Percent

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

C&D Loans

Nonfarm Nonresidential RE

1–4 Family RE

C&I Loans

Farm Loans

Home Equity

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Chart 4

Noninterest Expense 

Increased From the 

Year-Ago Quarter and 

Prior Quarter

Noninterest expense of $17.1 billion was up $555.9 million (3.4 percent) from fourth quarter 

2020, driven by an increase in “all other noninterest expense” of $372.0 million (7.5 percent).1

Higher data processing and marketing expenses drove the increase in the “all other noninterest 

expense” category. An increase in salary and benefits expense of $167.6 million (1.7 percent) also 

contributed to the annual growth in noninterest expense. Average assets per employee increased 

10.0 percent to $7.1 million from the year-ago quarter. While more than two-thirds of community 

banks (69.4 percent) reported higher noninterest expense compared with fourth quarter 2020, 

noninterest expense as a percentage of average assets declined 16 basis points from fourth quarter 

2020 to 2.51 percent.

Quarterly, noninterest expense rose $733.6 million (4.5 percent) because of both an increase 

in “all other noninterest expense” of $390.0 million (7.9 percent) and an increase in salary 

and benefits expense of $331.6 million (3.5 percent). Higher data processing expense drove the 

quarterly increase in the “all other noninterest expense” category.

Provision Expense 

Decreased From One Year 

Ago but Increased From 

One Quarter Ago

Provision expense declined $914.9 million (74.0 percent) from fourth quarter 2020 but 

increased $39.2 million (13.9 percent) from third quarter 2021 to $320.8 million. Eighty-two 

community banks had adopted current expected credit loss (CECL) accounting as of fourth 

quarter. Community bank CECL adopters reported negative provision expense of $18.4 million 

in fourth quarter, an increase of $50.0 million from the previous quarter and a reduction of 

$173.9 million from one year ago. Provision expense for community banks that had not adopted 

CECL accounting totaled $339.2 million, a decline of $10.7 million from one quarter ago and 

$740.9 million from one year ago.

Allowance for Loan and 

Lease Losses to Total 

Loans Remained Higher 

Than the Pre-Pandemic 

Level

The allowance for loan and lease losses (ALLL) as a percentage of total loans and leases declined 

3 basis points from the year-ago quarter to 1.29 percent. The ALLL as a percentage of loans 90 

days or more past due or in nonaccrual status (coverage ratio) increased 53.7 percentage points 

from the year-ago quarter to 223.8 percent, a record high, due to declining noncurrent loan 

balances. This ratio is well above the 147.9 percent reported before the pandemic in fourth quarter 

2019. The coverage ratio for community banks is 49.9 percentage points above the coverage ratio 

for noncommunity banks.

Total Assets Increased 

From the Previous Quarter

Total assets increased $60.3 billion (2.2 percent) from the previous quarter and $262.9 billion 

(10.5 percent) from one year ago. Securities were the primary driver of both the quarterly 

and annual asset growth, increasing $44.0 billion (7.9 percent) from one quarter ago and 

$169.7 billion (39.0 percent) from one year ago. Despite a small decline in the quarter, cash and 

balances due from depository institutions remain elevated at 11.5 percent of total assets, higher 

than the pre-pandemic level (7.0 percent) reported in fourth quarter 2019.

1 All other noninterest expense includes, but is not limited to, automated teller machine and interchange expenses, legal 

fees, advertising and marketing expenses, consulting expense, data processing expense, and FDIC deposit insurance 

assessments.
QUARTERLY BANKING PROFILE

FDIC QUARTERLY 17

Loan and Lease Balances 

Increased Modestly From 

the Previous Quarter and 

a Year Ago

Community bank loan and lease balances increased $24.3 billion (1.4 percent) between third 

and fourth quarter 2021. Growth in nonfarm nonresidential commercial real estate (CRE) 

loan balances of $16.3 billion (3.1 percent) and construction and development loan balances of 

$5.9 billion (4.7 percent) more than offset a $12.2 billion (4.7 percent) decline in commercial 

and industrial (C&I) loan balances. An increase in unused CRE loan commitments of $7.1 billion 

(5.8 percent) drove the quarter-over-quarter growth of $11.0 billion (2.8 percent) in unused 

commitments.

All major loan categories except C&I grew in 2021, and 57.8 percent of community banks recorded 

annual loan growth. Total loans and leases balances increased $34.2 billion (2.0 percent) from 

one year ago driven by growth in nonfarm nonresidential CRE loan balances of $50.6 billion 

(10.4 percent). C&I loan balances declined $62.3 billion (20.1 percent) from fourth quarter 2020. 

The annual decline in C&I loan balances was due to Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) loan 

repayment and forgiveness. PPP loan balances declined $83.8 billion (75.0 percent) in the year 

ending fourth quarter 2021.

Small Loans to Businesses 

Declined 12.8 Percent 

Year Over Year

Community bank small loans to businesses fell $43.4 billion (12.8 percent) in 2021 primarily due 

to a $45.6 billion decline in small C&I loan balances. Small farmland and agricultural production 

loan balances also fell $778.0 million, while small nonfarm nonresidential CRE loans rose 

$3.0 billion (2.3 percent) over the year. Community banks hold 40.0 percent of total small loans to 

businesses, the same share as a year ago.

Deposit Growth 

Accelerated From the 

Previous Quarter

Community banks reported deposit growth of 2.8 percent ($63.4 billion) during the fourth 

quarter, up from 2.6 percent ($58.9 billion) in third quarter 2021 and 2.1 percent ($46.0 billion) 

in second quarter 2021. More than 75 percent of community banks (76.6 percent) reported an 

increase in deposit balances. Growth in deposits of more than $250,000 accounted for most of the 

deposit growth (up $55.8 billion, or 5.1 percent). Growth in domestic deposit balances was largely 

in interest-bearing deposits (up 41.1 billion, or 2.5 percent), while noninterest-bearing deposits 

increased $22.3 billion (3.5 percent).

Noncurrent Loan Balances 

Continued to Decline 

Quarter Over Quarter

Nearly 60 percent of community banks (59.1 percent) reported quarter-over-quarter reductions 

in the balance of loans and leases 90 days or more past due or in nonaccrual status (noncurrent 

loan balances). Noncurrent loan balances declined $1.1 billion (10.0 percent) to $11.1 billion from 

third quarter 2021. The quarterly decline in noncurrent loan balances was mainly attributable 

to a $489.5 million (14.5 percent) decrease in nonfarm nonresidential CRE noncurrent balances, 

a $214.9 million (7.4 percent) decrease in 1–4 family residential noncurrent balances, and a 

$124.2 million (6.6 percent) decrease in C&I noncurrent balances. The noncurrent rate for total 

loans and leases dropped 7 basis points from third quarter to 0.58 percent, the lowest noncurrent 

rate on record for community banks.

Net Charge-Offs Declined 

From One Year Ago

Net charge-offs declined in all major loan categories from one year ago and in aggregate declined 

$307.4 million (45.7 percent) to $365.4 million. The largest contributors to the year-over-year 

decrease in net charge-offs were the C&I portfolio, which declined $167.5 million (57.8 percent), 

and the nonfarm nonresidential CRE portfolio, which declined $38.6 million (33.2 percent). The 

net charge-off rate for community banks declined 6 basis points from the year-ago quarter to 

0.09 percent.

Some Capital Ratios 

Declined as Growth in 

Assets Outpaced 

Capital Formation

Equity capital grew $2.5 billion (0.9 percent) to $292.6 billion in fourth quarter. The leverage capital 

ratio declined 10 basis points to 10.16 percent in fourth quarter 2021, as growth in average assets 

outpaced tier 1 capital formation. The average tier 1 risk-based capital ratio among community 

banks that did not file the community bank leverage ratio (CBLR) was 14.36 percent, down 26 basis 

points from the prior quarter, as growth in risk-weighted assets outpaced tier 1 capital formation. 

The average CBLR for the 1,699 banks that elected to use the CBLR framework was 11.2 percent, 

nearly unchanged from third quarter 2021.

One New Community 

Bank Opened and No 

Community Banks Failed 

in Fourth Quarter 2021

The number of community banks declined to 4,391, down 59 from the previous quarter. 

Six banks transitioned from community to noncommunity banks, four banks transitioned 

from noncommunity to community banks, three community banks ceased operations, and 

54 community banks merged during the quarter.

Author:

Angela Hinton

Senior Financial Analyst

Division of Insurance and Research
2022   •   Volume 16  • Number 1

18 FDIC QUARTERLY

TABLE I-B. Selected Indicators, FDIC-Insured Community Banks

2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015

Return on assets (%) 1.25 1.09 1.19 1.19 0.96 0.99 0.99

Return on equity (%) 11.61 9.72 10.24 10.57 8.65 8.81 8.85

Core capital (leverage) ratio (%) 10.16 10.32 11.15 11.09 10.80 10.69 10.67

Noncurrent assets plus other real estate owned to assets (%) 0.40 0.60 0.65 0.70 0.78 0.94 1.07

Net charge-offs to loans (%) 0.06 0.12 0.13 0.13 0.16 0.16 0.15

Asset growth rate (%) 8.69 14.06 -1.26 2.20 1.12 0.00 2.71

Net interest margin (%) 3.27 3.39 3.66 3.72 3.62 3.57 3.57

Net operating income growth (%) 28.51 -0.03 -4.14 27.90 0.19 0.00 9.56

Number of institutions reporting 4,391 4,557 4,748 4,979 5,227 5,461 5,734

Percentage of unprofitable institutions (%) 3.17 4.52 3.96 3.64 5.72 4.67 5.04

* Excludes insured branches of foreign banks (IBAs).

TABLE II-B. Aggregate Condition and Income Data, FDIC-Insured Community Banks

(dollar figures in millions)  4th Quarter

2021

 3rd Quarter

2021

4th Quarter

2020

%Change 

20Q4-21Q4

Number of institutions reporting 4,391 4,450 4,557 -3.6

Total employees (full-time equivalent) 386,215 390,766 390,966 -1.2

CONDITION DATA

Total assets $2,757,175 $2,737,509 $2,536,765 8.7

Loans secured by real estate 1,293,022 1,275,740 1,220,521 5.9

1-4 Family residential mortgages 385,625 384,817 386,936 -0.3

Nonfarm nonresidential 534,746 526,769 492,427 8.6

 Construction and development 129,988 126,064 115,173 12.9

Home equity lines 40,329 40,759 42,143 -4.3

Commercial & industrial loans 247,948 263,727 315,032 -21.3

Loans to individuals 65,865 65,285 64,747 1.7

 Credit cards 2,159 2,024 2,101 2.8

Farm loans 47,200 46,766 47,488 -0.6

Other loans & leases 50,697 52,532 49,087 3.3

Less: Unearned income 832 1,001 1,047 -20.5

Total loans & leases 1,703,900 1,703,048 1,695,828 0.5

Less: Reserve for losses* 22,051 22,516 22,451 -1.8

Net loans and leases 1,681,848 1,680,532 1,673,377 0.5

Securities** 604,552 570,038 443,288 36.4

Other real estate owned 1,164 1,365 1,857 -37.3

Goodwill and other intangibles 20,879 20,345 17,854 16.9

All other assets 448,731 465,228 400,390 12.1

Total liabilities and capital 2,757,175 2,737,509 2,536,765 8.7

Deposits 2,362,931 2,334,106 2,117,890 11.6

 Domestic office deposits 2,360,525 2,331,687 2,115,490 11.6

Foreign office deposits 2,405 2,419 2,401 0.2

 Brokered deposits 49,899 51,553 61,284 -18.6

Estimated insured deposits 1,567,652 1,571,054 1,472,429 6.5

Other borrowed funds 78,938 84,259 117,634 -32.9

Subordinated debt 272 283 352 -22.6

All other liabilities 22,301 24,636 24,558 -9.2

Total equity capital (includes minority interests) 292,733 294,226 276,332 5.9

 Bank equity capital 292,604 294,099 276,211 5.9

Loans and leases 30-89 days past due 5,609 5,312 7,532 -25.5

Noncurrent loans and leases 9,853 11,056 13,198 -25.3

Restructured loans and leases 4,693 4,987 5,521 -15.0

Mortgage-backed securities 268,859 260,168 201,317 33.6

Earning assets 2,592,251 2,568,774 2,372,272 9.3

FHLB Advances 53,705 55,360 72,764 -26.2

Unused loan commitments 397,960 392,532 347,378 14.6

Trust assets 402,818 320,703 348,944 15.4

Assets securitized and sold 24,368 24,361 23,259 4.8

Notional amount of derivatives 126,487 142,538 181,390 -30.3

INCOME DATA

Full Year 

2021

Full Year 

2020 %Change

4th Quarter 

2021

4th Quarter 

2020

%Change 

20Q4-21 Q4

Total interest income $88,059 $88,371 -0.4 $22,225 $22,209 0.1

Total interest expense 7,635 13,389 -43.0 1,684 2,665 -36.8

Net interest income 80,423 74,981 7.3 20,541 19,544 5.1

Provision for credit losses*** 1,080 7,026 -84.6 321 1,227 -73.9

Total noninterest income 24,641 24,181 1.9 6,119 6,962 -12.1

Total noninterest expense 64,921 62,336 4.1 17,056 16,798 1.5

Securities gains (losses) 854 1,086 -21.3 190 408 -53.4

Applicable income taxes 7,221 5,068 42.5 1,737 1,490 16.5

Extraordinary gains, net**** 30 1 N/M 28 0 N/M

Total net income (includes minority interests) 32,725 25,820 26.7 7,765 7,399 4.9

 Bank net income 32,690 25,767 26.9 7,768 7,382 5.2

Net charge-offs 1,081 2,014 -46.3 365 637 -42.7

Cash dividends 13,830 12,021 15.1 4,502 3,969 13.4

Retained earnings 18,860 13,745 37.2 3,266 3,412 -4.3

Net operating income 31,982 24,887 28.5 7,580 7,049 7.5

* For institutions that have adopted ASU 2016-13, this item represents the allowance for credit losses on loans and leases held for investment and allocated transfer risk.

** For institutions that have adopted ASU 2016-13, securities are reported net of allowances for credit losses.

*** For institutions that have adopted ASU 2016-13, this item represents provisions for credit losses on a consolidated basis; for institutions that have not adopted ASU 2016-13, 

this item represents the provision for loan and lease losses.

**** See Notes to Users for explanation. N/M - Not Meaningful
QUARTERLY BANKING PROFILE

FDIC QUARTERLY 19

TABLE II-B. Aggregate Condition and Income Data, FDIC-Insured Community Banks

Prior Periods Adjusted for Mergers

(dollar figures in millions)  4th Quarter 

2021

3rd Quarter 

2021

4th Quarter

2020

%Change 

20Q4-21Q4

Number of institutions reporting 4,391 4,391 4,383 0.2

Total employees (full-time equivalent) 386,215 386,319 382,963 0.8

CONDITION DATA

Total assets $2,757,175 $2,696,906 $2,494,277 10.5

Loans secured by real estate 1,293,022 1,259,030 1,202,456 7.5

1-4 Family residential mortgages 385,625 381,239 380,449 1.4

Nonfarm nonresidential 534,746 518,472 484,167 10.4

 Construction and development 129,988 124,129 112,400 15.6

Home equity lines 40,329 39,933 40,918 -1.4

Commercial & industrial loans 247,948 260,143 310,265 -20.1

Loans to individuals 65,865 64,696 60,853 8.2

 Credit cards 2,159 2,016 1,952 10.6

Farm loans 47,200 46,617 46,855 0.7

Other loans & leases 50,697 50,082 50,331 0.7

Less: Unearned income 832 990 1,021 -18.5

Total loans & leases 1,703,900 1,679,577 1,669,738 2.0

Less: Reserve for losses* 22,051 22,195 22,222 -0.8

Net loans and leases 1,681,848 1,657,383 1,647,516 2.1

Securities** 604,552 560,529 434,814 39.0

Other real estate owned 1,164 1,358 1,825 -36.2

Goodwill and other intangibles 20,879 20,072 19,426 7.5

All other assets 448,731 457,564 390,696 14.9

Total liabilities and capital 2,757,175 2,696,906 2,494,277 10.5

Deposits 2,362,931 2,299,510 2,081,428 13.5

 Domestic office deposits 2,360,525 2,297,091 2,079,027 13.5

Foreign office deposits 2,405 2,419 2,401 0.2

 Brokered deposits 49,899 50,343 59,449 -16.1

Estimated insured deposits 1,567,652 1,549,449 1,449,981 8.1

Other borrowed funds 78,938 82,684 114,466 -31.0

Subordinated debt 272 277 485 -43.9

All other liabilities 22,301 24,197 24,023 -7.2

Total equity capital (includes minority interests) 292,733 290,238 273,876 6.9

 Bank equity capital 292,604 290,111 273,756 6.9

Loans and leases 30-89 days past due 5,609 5,278 7,477 -25.0

Noncurrent loans and leases 9,853 10,952 13,240 -25.6

Restructured loans and leases 4,693 4,940 5,453 -13.9

Mortgage-backed securities 268,859 254,210 195,634 37.4

Earning assets 2,592,251 2,530,537 2,330,314 11.2

FHLB Advances 53,705 54,256 71,476 -24.9

Unused loan commitments 397,960 386,991 336,082 18.4

Trust assets 402,818 320,703 344,896 16.8

Assets securitized and sold 24,368 24,361 23,130 5.4

Notional amount of derivatives 126,487 141,053 180,974 -30.1

INCOME DATA

Full Year 

2021

Full Year 

2020 %Change

4th Quarter 

2021

4th Quarter 

2020

%Change 

20Q4-21 Q4

Total interest income $88,059 $86,603 1.7 $22,225 $21,841 1.8

Total interest expense 7,635 13,029 -41.4 1,684 2,595 -35.1

Net interest income 80,423 73,574 9.3 20,541 19,246 6.7

Provision for credit losses*** 1,080 7,049 -84.7 321 1,236 -74.0

Total noninterest income 24,641 23,667 4.1 6,119 6,826 -10.4

Total noninterest expense 64,921 60,986 6.5 17,056 16,500 3.4

Securities gains (losses) 854 1,079 -20.9 190 402 -52.7

Applicable income taxes 7,221 4,952 45.8 1,737 1,465 18.5

Extraordinary gains, net**** 30 1 N/M 28 0 N/M

Total net income (includes minority interests) 32,725 25,334 29.2 7,765 7,274 6.8

 Bank net income 32,690 25,280 29.3 7,768 7,256 7.1

Net charge-offs 1,081 2,090 -48.3 365 673 -45.7

Cash dividends 13,830 11,996 15.3 4,502 3,938 14.3

Retained earnings 18,860 13,284 42.0 3,266 3,318 -1.6

Net operating income 31,982 24,407 31.0 7,580 6,929 9.4

* For institutions that have adopted ASU 2016-13, this item represents the allowance for credit losses on loans and leases held for investment and allocated transfer risk.

** For institutions that have adopted ASU 2016-13, securities are reported net of allowances for credit losses.

*** For institutions that have adopted ASU 2016-13, this item represents provisions for credit losses on a consolidated basis; for institutions that have not adopted ASU 2016-13, 

this item represents the provision for loan and lease losses.

**** See Notes to Users for explanation. N/M - Not Meaningful
2022   •   Volume 16  • Number 1

20 FDIC QUARTERLY

TABLE III-B. Aggregate Condition and Income Data by Geographic Region, FDIC-Insured Community Banks

Fourth Quarter 2021

(dollar figures in millions) All Community Banks

Geographic Regions*

New York Atlanta Chicago Kansas City Dallas San Francisco

Number of institutions reporting 4,391 487 498 963 1,190 986 267

Total employees (full-time equivalent) 386,215 79,127 41,413 79,023 70,615 82,819 33,218

CONDITION DATA

Total assets $2,757,175 $696,394 $291,915 $494,678 $469,347 $528,197 $276,643

Loans secured by real estate 1,293,022 377,341 134,466 221,311 204,755 230,350 124,800

1-4 Family residential mortgages 385,625 134,494 37,281 63,839 56,109 66,732 27,171

Nonfarm nonresidential 534,746 145,032 64,484 88,691 73,028 100,067 63,444

 Construction and development 129,988 26,722 16,196 19,230 21,196 35,439 11,205

Home equity lines 40,329 11,491 5,351 8,980 4,679 4,567 5,261

Commercial & industrial loans 247,948 61,419 24,868 46,364 44,029 47,619 23,649

Loans to individuals 65,865 16,183 6,559 11,959 11,988 12,859 6,317

 Credit cards 2,159 377 107 187 849 234 404

Farm loans 47,200 541 1,229 8,146 26,925 7,844 2,516

Other loans & leases 50,697 15,558 2,945 11,679 6,858 8,771 4,886

Less: Unearned income 832 145 150 77 101 200 159

Total loans & leases 1,703,900 470,896 169,917 299,381 294,452 307,243 162,009

Less: Reserve for losses** 22,051 5,350 2,156 3,914 4,193 4,124 2,315

Net loans and leases 1,681,848 465,547 167,761 295,467 290,260 303,120 159,694

Securities*** 604,552 131,338 64,161 116,540 106,481 123,019 63,015

Other real estate owned 1,164 186 181 239 239 266 52

Goodwill and other intangibles 20,879 7,004 1,183 3,883 2,964 3,507 2,337

All other assets 448,731 92,319 58,629 78,549 69,403 98,285 51,545

Total liabilities and capital 2,757,175 696,394 291,915 494,678 469,347 528,197 276,643

Deposits 2,362,931 588,281 254,233 420,523 402,667 458,670 238,557

 Domestic office deposits 2,360,525 587,673 254,227 420,523 402,667 458,670 236,766

Foreign office deposits 2,405 608 6 0 0 0 1,792

 Brokered deposits 49,899 19,008 3,037 8,750 8,634 7,249 3,220

Estimated insured deposits 1,567,652 391,168 160,475 298,536 288,494 293,859 135,120

Other borrowed funds 78,938 21,724 6,156 18,387 14,838 11,248 6,586

Subordinated debt 272 190 6 19 6 40 10

All other liabilities 22,301 8,234 1,960 3,339 2,927 3,110 2,732

Total equity capital (includes minority interests) 292,733 77,965 29,561 52,410 48,909 55,129 28,758

 Bank equity capital 292,604 77,939 29,559 52,319 48,908 55,121 28,756

Loans and leases 30-89 days past due 5,609 1,336 603 934 840 1,511 384

Noncurrent loans and leases 9,853 3,210 791 1,728 1,470 2,005 649

Restructured loans and leases 4,693 1,642 371 994 745 583 359

Mortgage-backed securities 268,859 69,740 29,581 44,985 38,946 49,504 36,104

Earning assets 2,592,251 654,529 274,528 464,457 442,102 495,971 260,664

FHLB Advances 53,705 15,925 4,574 12,663 9,940 7,374 3,229

Unused loan commitments 397,960 96,498 36,207 72,209 77,161 72,138 43,747

Trust assets 402,818 85,821 16,074 85,447 137,029 53,105 25,343

Assets securitized and sold 24,368 10,295 111 4,478 4,337 4,712 434

Notional amount of derivatives 126,487 55,312 10,304 18,620 22,389 11,621 8,242

INCOME DATA

Total interest income $22,225 $5,611 $2,283 $3,856 $3,841 $4,453 $2,181

Total interest expense 1,684 451 158 303 342 320 111

Net interest income 20,541 5,160 2,125 3,553 3,499 4,133 2,070

Provision for credit losses  321 0 26 62 84 108 40

Total noninterest income 6,119 1,468 615 1,514 1,018 1,016 488

Total noninterest expense 17,056 4,076 1,819 3,189 2,972 3,333 1,667

Securities gains (losses) 190 167 -2 4 13 7 1

Applicable income taxes 1,737 637 151 325 216 206 202

Extraordinary gains, net** *** 28 0 0 3 3 22 0

Total net income (includes minority interests) 7,765 2,082 742 1,498 1,262 1,531 650

 Bank net income 7,768 2,071 742 1,496 1,262 1,545 650

Net charge-offs 365 104 20 68 55 85 33

Cash dividends 4,502 816 290 1,075 901 1,065 355

Retained earnings 3,266 1,255 453 421 361 480 296

Net operating income 7,580 1,946 743 1,491 1,247 1,503 649

* See Table V-A for explanation.

** For institutions that have adopted ASU 2016-13, this item represents the allowance for credit losses on loans and leases held for investment and allocated transfer risk.

*** For institutions that have adopted ASU 2016-13, securities are reported net of allowances for credit losses.

  For institutions that have adopted ASU 2016-13, this item represents provisions for credit losses on a consolidated basis; for institutions that have not adopted ASU 2016-13, 

this item represents the provision for loan and lease losses.

** *** See Notes to Users for explanation.
QUARTERLY BANKING PROFILE

FDIC QUARTERLY 21

Table IV-B. Fourth Quarter 2021, FDIC-Insured Community Banks

Performance ratios (annualized, %)

All Community Banks Fourth Quarter 2021, Geographic Regions*

 4th Quarter 

2021

3rd Quarter 

2021 New York Atlanta Chicago Kansas City Dallas San Francisco

Yield on earning assets 3.48 3.60 3.46 3.40 3.38 3.52 3.66 3.39

Cost of funding earning assets 0.26 0.29 0.28 0.23 0.27 0.31 0.26 0.17

Net interest margin 3.22 3.31 3.18 3.16 3.11 3.21 3.40 3.21

Noninterest income to assets 0.90 0.92 0.85 0.86 1.24 0.88 0.78 0.71

Noninterest expense to assets 2.51 2.45 2.36 2.54 2.62 2.56 2.57 2.44

Loan and lease loss provision to assets 0.05 0.04 0.00 0.04 0.05 0.07 0.08 0.06

Net operating income to assets 1.11 1.26 1.13 1.04 1.23 1.08 1.16 0.95

Pretax return on assets 1.40 1.56 1.57 1.25 1.50 1.28 1.35 1.25

Return on assets 1.14 1.27 1.20 1.04 1.23 1.09 1.19 0.95

Return on equity 10.69 11.87 10.73 10.13 11.54 10.33 11.25 9.13

Net charge-offs to loans and leases 0.09 0.07 0.09 0.05 0.09 0.08 0.11 0.08

Loan and lease loss provision to net charge-offs 87.79 100.16 0.42 130.19 91.51 152.59 127.13 120.97

Efficiency ratio 63.60 60.40 61.14 65.87 62.56 65.32 64.41 64.90

Net interest income to operating revenue 77.05 77.19 77.86 77.54 70.13 77.46 80.27 80.92

% of unprofitable institutions 8.36 4.36 4.93 9.24 7.48 10.59 8.11 7.12

% of institutions with earnings gains 51.29 65.91 57.70 52.61 46.94 44.71 59.03 53.56

Table V-B. Full Year 2021, FDIC-Insured Community Banks

Performance ratios (%)

All Community Banks Full Year 2021, Geographic Regions*

Full Year 

2021

Full Year 

2020 New York Atlanta Chicago Kansas City Dallas San Francisco

Yield on earning assets 3.58 4.00 3.49 3.53 3.48 3.70 3.79 3.48

Cost of funding earning assets 0.31 0.61 0.33 0.28 0.31 0.36 0.31 0.20

Net interest margin 3.27 3.39 3.15 3.25 3.17 3.34 3.48 3.28

Noninterest income to assets 0.94 1.02 0.77 0.86 1.31 0.97 0.92 0.78

Noninterest expense to assets 2.48 2.63 2.31 2.53 2.59 2.51 2.58 2.40

Loan and lease loss provision to assets 0.04 0.30 0.00 0.04 0.05 0.07 0.08 0.01

Net operating income to assets 1.22 1.05 1.08 1.09 1.35 1.31 1.33 1.12

Pretax return on assets 1.52 1.30 1.50 1.35 1.66 1.54 1.54 1.46

Return on assets 1.25 1.09 1.14 1.11 1.36 1.33 1.35 1.12

Return on equity 11.61 9.72 10.25 10.69 12.70 12.55 12.63 10.66

Net charge-offs to loans and leases 0.06 0.12 0.09 0.05 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.04

Loan and lease loss provision to net charge-offs 99.94 348.90 0.05 152.96 164.75 186.76 169.69 50.21

Efficiency ratio 61.42 62.34 61.49 64.26 60.21 60.80 61.43 61.78

Net interest income to operating revenue 76.55 75.61 79.32 78.01 69.45 76.45 77.88 79.72

% of unprofitable institutions 3.17 4.52 4.52 5.82 3.32 1.60 2.84 3.37

% of institutions with earnings gains 74.83 53.90 82.14 77.71 68.85 72.69 77.48 77.53

* See Table V-A for explanation.
2022   •   Volume 16  • Number 1

22 FDIC QUARTERLY

Table VI-B. Loan Performance, FDIC-Insured Community Banks

December 31, 2021

Geographic Regions*

All Community Banks New York Atlanta Chicago Kansas City Dallas San Francisco

Percent of Loans 30-89 Days Past Due

All loans secured by real estate 0.28 0.25 0.29 0.33 0.25 0.40 0.17

Construction and development 0.22 0.09 0.24 0.30 0.23 0.27 0.14

Nonfarm nonresidential 0.17 0.16 0.12 0.17 0.13 0.28 0.12

Multifamily residential real estate 0.13 0.18 0.16 0.08 0.09 0.12 0.03

Home equity loans 0.26 0.29 0.27 0.24 0.25 0.37 0.16

Other 1-4 family residential 0.51 0.40 0.64 0.68 0.43 0.67 0.31

Commercial and industrial loans 0.34 0.26 0.48 0.24 0.34 0.44 0.40

Loans to individuals 1.31 1.43 1.26 0.60 0.88 2.44 0.97

Credit card loans 1.85 1.84 1.23 0.70 2.66 1.18 1.25

Other loans to individuals 1.30 1.42 1.26 0.60 0.74 2.46 0.96

All other loans and leases (including farm) 0.23 0.08 0.16 0.14 0.24 0.44 0.27

Total loans and leases 0.33 0.28 0.35 0.31 0.29 0.49 0.24

Percent of Loans Noncurrent

All loans secured by real estate 0.57 0.69 0.45 0.61 0.48 0.61 0.34

Construction and development 0.38 0.65 0.23 0.45 0.32 0.25 0.41

Nonfarm nonresidential 0.54 0.68 0.37 0.65 0.50 0.57 0.26

Multifamily residential real estate 0.27 0.38 0.17 0.20 0.10 0.18 0.19

Home equity loans 0.49 0.65 0.35 0.35 0.38 0.30 0.76

Other 1-4 family residential 0.70 0.82 0.68 0.72 0.41 0.80 0.38

Commercial and industrial loans 0.71 0.88 0.59 0.62 0.57 0.79 0.65

Loans to individuals 0.48 0.42 0.34 0.22 0.31 1.11 0.29

Credit card loans 0.77 1.03 0.31 0.19 1.05 0.38 0.55

Other loans to individuals 0.47 0.40 0.34 0.22 0.25 1.12 0.28

All other loans and leases (including farm) 0.44 0.08 0.39 0.29 0.59 0.49 0.77

Total loans and leases 0.58 0.68 0.46 0.58 0.50 0.65 0.40

Percent of Loans Charged-Off (net, YTD)

All loans secured by real estate 0.02 0.05 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.02 -0.01

Construction and development 0.01 0.06 -0.05 0.00 0.00 0.01 -0.05

Nonfarm nonresidential 0.04 0.08 0.02 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.00

Multifamily residential real estate 0.02 0.02 -0.01 0.00 0.06 0.03 0.00

Home equity loans -0.01 -0.01 -0.04 -0.01 -0.01 0.04 0.00

Other 1-4 family residential 0.01 0.04 -0.01 -0.01 0.00 0.01 -0.01

Commercial and industrial loans 0.13 0.13 0.12 0.12 0.09 0.20 0.06

Loans to individuals 0.51 0.68 0.45 0.17 0.59 0.53 0.62

Credit card loans 3.73 3.38 0.80 1.08 7.04 1.26 1.35

Other loans to individuals 0.41 0.61 0.45 0.16 0.17 0.52 0.57

All other loans and leases (including farm) 0.10 0.04 0.20 0.09 0.06 0.12 0.29

Total loans and leases 0.06 0.09 0.05 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.04

Loans Outstanding (in billions)

All loans secured by real estate $1,293.0 $377.3 $134.5 $221.3 $204.8 $230.4 $124.8

Construction and development 130.0 26.7 16.2 19.2 21.2 35.4 11.2

Nonfarm nonresidential 534.7 145.0 64.5 88.7 73.0 100.1 63.4

Multifamily residential real estate 123.4 57.3 6.7 22.6 14.0 9.2 13.6

Home equity loans 40.3 11.5 5.4 9.0 4.7 4.6 5.3

Other 1-4 family residential 385.6 134.5 37.3 63.8 56.1 66.7 27.2

Commercial and industrial loans 247.9 61.4 24.9 46.4 44.0 47.6 23.6

Loans to individuals 65.9 16.2 6.6 12.0 12.0 12.9 6.3

Credit card loans 2.2 0.4 0.1 0.2 0.8 0.2 0.4

Other loans to individuals 63.7 15.8 6.5 11.8 11.1 12.6 5.9

All other loans and leases (including farm) 97.9 16.1 4.2 19.8 33.8 16.6 7.4

Total loans and leases 1,704.7 471.0 170.1 299.5 294.6 307.4 162.2

Memo: Unfunded Commitments (in millions)

Total Unfunded Commitments 397,960 96,498 36,207 72,209 77,161 72,138 43,747

Construction and development: 1-4 family residential 39,138 6,925 5,702 4,383 6,129 12,640 3,359

Construction and development: CRE and other 89,307 24,820 8,942 14,569 13,572 19,527 7,876

Commercial and industrial 123,608 30,683 10,015 26,074 22,335 20,592 13,909

* See Table V-A for explanation.

Note: Noncurrent loan rates represent the percentage of loans in each category that are past due 90 days or more or that are in nonaccrual status.
QUARTERLY BANKING PROFILE

FDIC QUARTERLY 23

INSURANCE FUND INDICATORS

Deposit Insurance Fund Increases by $1.2 Billion

Insured Deposits Grow by 1.6 Percent

DIF Reserve Ratio Is Unchanged at 1.27 Percent

During the fourth quarter, the Deposit Insurance Fund (DIF) balance increased by 

$1.2 billion to $123.1 billion. Assessment income of $2 billion drove the fund balance 

increase. Interest earned on investments of $197 million and other miscellaneous income of 

$47 million also added to the fund balance. Operating expenses of $475 million, provisions 

for insurance losses of $8 million, and unrealized losses on available-for-sale securities of 

$536 million partially offset the increase in the fund balance. No insured institutions failed 

in the fourth quarter.

The deposit insurance assessment base—average consolidated total assets minus average 

tangible equity—rose by 2.8 percent in the fourth quarter and 9.5 percent over 12 months.1,2 

Total estimated insured deposits increased by 1.6 percent in the fourth quarter of 2021 

and by 6.6 percent year over year. The DIF’s reserve ratio (the fund balance as a percent 

of insured deposits) was 1.27 percent on December 31, 2021, unchanged from the previous 

quarter and 2 basis points lower than the previous year. The 12-month decline in the 

reserve ratio was entirely the result of continued elevated insured deposit growth.

The Federal Deposit Insurance Act (the FDI Act) requires a minimum reserve ratio for 

the DIF of 1.35 percent. If the reserve ratio falls below 1.35 percent, the FDIC has eight 

years to return the reserve ratio to 1.35 percent. During the first half of 2020, due solely 

to extraordinary insured deposit growth, the reserve ratio dropped to 1.30 percent as of 

June 30, 2020. Because the reserve ratio fell below its statutory required minimum, the 

FDIC Board adopted a Fund Restoration Plan in September 2020 and has been providing 

semiannual updates to its analysis and projections.3

Author:

Charles James

Economic Analyst

Division of Insurance and Research

1 There are additional adjustments to the assessment base for banker’s banks and custodial banks.

2 Figures for estimated insured deposits and the assessment base include insured branches of foreign banks, in addition 

to insured commercial banks and savings institutions.

3 See https://www.fdic.gov/news/board-matters/2020/2020-09-15-notice-dis-a-fr.pdf.
2022   •   Volume 16  • Number 1

24 FDIC QUARTERLY

1.36 1.36

1.41 1.41 1.38

1.30 1.30 1.29 1.25 1.27 1.27 1.27

1.40

12/18 3/19 6/19 9/19 12/19 3/20 6/20 9/20 12/20 3/21 6/21 9/21 12/21

DIF Reserve Ratios

Percent of Insured Deposits

Table I-C. Insurance Fund Balances and Selected Indicators

(dollar figures in millions)

Deposit Insurance Fund*

4th 

Quarter 

2021

3rd 

Quarter 

2021

2nd 

Quarter 

2021

1st 

Quarter 

2021

4th 

Quarter 

2020

3rd 

Quarter 

2020

2nd 

Quarter 

2020

1st 

Quarter 

2020

4th 

Quarter 

2019

3rd 

Quarter 

2019

2nd 

Quarter 

2019

1st 

Quarter 

2019

4th 

Quarter 

2018

Beginning Fund Balance $121,935 $120,547 $119,362 $117,897 $116,434 $114,651 $113,206 $110,347 $108,940 $107,446 $104,870 $102,609 $100,204

Changes in Fund Balance:

Assessments earned 1,967 1,662 1,589 1,862 1,884 2,047 1,790 1,372 1,272 1,111 1,187 1,369 1,351

Interest earned on 

investment securities 197 221 251 284 330 392 454 507 531 544 535 507 481

Realized gain on sale of

investments 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Operating expenses 475 448 466 454 470 451 465 460 460 443 459 434 453

Provision for insurance 

losses 8 -53 -42 -57 -48 -74 -47 12 -88 -192 -610 -396 -236

All other income, 

net of expenses 61 65 2 1 9 5 2 2 21 4 9 2 2

Unrealized gain/(loss) on 

available-for-sale 

securities** -536 -165 -233 -285 -338 -284 -383 1,450 -45 86 694 421 788

Total fund balance change 1,206 1,388 1,185 1,465 1,463 1,783 1,445 2,859 1,407 1,494 2,576 2,261 2,405

Ending Fund Balance 123,141 121,935 120,547 119,362 117,897 116,434 114,651 113,206 110,347 108,940 107,446 104,870 102,609

Percent change from 

 four quarters earlier 4.45 4.72 5.14 5.44 6.84 6.88 6.71 7.95 7.54 8.72 10.10 10.31 10.63

Reserve Ratio (%) 1.27 1.27 1.27 1.25 1.29 1.30 1.30 1.38 1.41 1.41 1.40 1.36 1.36 `

Estimated Insured 

Deposits 9,729,408 9,580,694 9,490,290 9,513,987 9,123,046 8,924,313 8,839,109 8,181,190 7,824,835 7,744,445 7,695,179 7,699,035 7,522,972

Percent change from 

 four quarters earlier 6.65 7.35 7.37 16.29 16.59 15.24 14.87 6.26 4.01 4.95 4.62 4.95 5.11

Domestic Deposits 18,236,831 17,676,691 17,203,234 16,980,316 16,339,026 15,716,702 15,563,637 14,351,881 13,262,843 13,020,253 12,788,773 12,725,363 12,659,406

Percent change from 

 four quarters earlier 11.62 12.47 10.53 18.31 23.19 20.71 21.70 12.78 4.77 5.27 4.14 3.41 4.37

Assessment Base*** 20,572,345 20,016,875 19,671,622 19,197,834 18,792,904 18,453,702 18,153,259 16,484,340 16,157,322 15,905,145 15,684,001 15,561,782 15,452,139

Percent change from 

 four quarters earlier 9.47 8.47 8.36 16.46 16.31 16.02 15.74 5.93 4.56 4.44 3.77 3.27 3.01

Number of Institutions 

Reporting 4,848 4,923 4,960 4,987 5,011 5,042 5,075 5,125 5,186 5,267 5,312 5,371 5,415

Deposit Insurance Fund Balance 

and Insured Deposits

($ Millions)

DIF 

Balance

DIF-Insured 

Deposits

12/18 $102,609 $7,522,972

3/19 104,870 7,699,035

6/19 107,446 7,695,179

9/19 108,940 7,744,445

12/19 110,347 7,824,835

3/20 113,206 8,181,190

6/20 114,651 8,839,109

9/20 116,434 8,924,313

12/20 117,897 9,123,046

3/21 119,362 9,513,987

6/21 120,547 9,490,290

9/21 121,935 9,580,694

12/21 123,141 9,729,408

Table II-C. Problem Institutions and Failed Institutions

(dollar figures in millions) 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015

Problem Institutions

Number of institutions 44 56 51 60 95 123 183

Total assets  $170,172 $55,830 $46,190 $48,481 $13,939 $27,624 $46,780

Failed Institutions

Number of institutions 0 4 4 0 8 5 8

Total assets** *** $0 $455 $209 $0 $5,082 $277 $6,706

* Quarterly financial statement results are unaudited.

** Includes unrealized postretirement benefit gain (loss).

*** Average consolidated total assets minus tangible equity, with adjustments for banker’s banks and custodial banks.

  Assets shown are what were on record as of the last day of the quarter.

** *** Total assets are based on final Call Reports submitted by failed institutions.
QUARTERLY BANKING PROFILE

FDIC QUARTERLY 25

Table III-C. Estimated FDIC-Insured Deposits by Type of Institution

(dollar figures in millions)

December 31, 2021

Number of 

Institutions

Total 

Assets

Domestic 

Deposits*

Est. Insured 

Deposits

Commercial Banks and Savings Institutions

FDIC-Insured Commercial Banks 4,231 $22,195,229 $16,898,323 $8,725,493

FDIC-Supervised 2,816 3,932,790 3,302,489 1,902,112

OCC-Supervised 747 14,740,620 10,946,478 5,636,046

Federal Reserve-Supervised 668 3,521,819 2,649,357 1,187,335

FDIC-Insured Savings Institutions 608 1,524,087 1,290,891 966,039

OCC-Supervised 266 626,717 509,526 409,771

FDIC-Supervised 306 403,659 322,665 239,574

Federal Reserve-Supervised 36 493,711 458,700 316,695

Total Commercial Banks and Savings Institutions 4,839 23,719,316 18,189,214 9,691,532

Other FDIC-Insured Institutions

U.S. Branches of Foreign Banks 9 119,748 47,617 37,875

Total FDIC-Insured Institutions 4,848 23,839,064 18,236,831 9,729,408

* Excludes $1.5 trillion in foreign office deposits, which are not FDIC insured.

Table IV-C. Distribution of Institutions and Assessment Base by Assessment Rate Range

Quarter Ending September 30, 2021 (dollar figures in billions)

Annual Rate in Basis Points*

Number of 

Institutions

Percent of Total 

Institutions

Amount of 

Assessment Base

Percent of Total 

Assessment Base

1.50 - 3.00 2,934 59.6 $8,370.2 41.82

3.01 - 6.00 1,441 29.3 10,991.0 54.91

6.01 - 10.00 459 9.3 555.4 2.77

10.01 - 15.00 35 0.7 85.4 0.43

15.01 - 20.00 53 1.1 14.7 0.07

 20.01 - 25.00 1 0.0 0.2 0.00

>25.00 0 0.0 0.0 0.00

* Beginning in the second quarter of 2011, the assessment base was changed to average consolidated total assets minus tangible equity, as required by the Dodd-Frank Act.
2022   •   Volume 16  • Number 1

26 FDIC QUARTERLY

Notes to Users

This publication contains financial data and other information for 

depository institutions insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance 

Corporation (FDIC). These notes are an integral part of this 

publication and provide information regarding the comparability of 

source data and reporting differences over time.

Tables I-A through VIII-A.

The information presented in Tables I-A through VIII-A of the 

FDIC Quarterly Banking Profile is aggregated for all FDIC-insured Call 

Report filers, both commercial banks and savings institutions. Some 

tables are arrayed by groups of FDIC-insured institutions based 

on predominant types of asset concentration, while other tables 

aggregate institutions by asset size and geographic region. Quarterly 

and full-year data are provided for selected indicators, including 

aggregate condition and income data, performance ratios, condition 

ratios, and structural changes, as well as past due, noncurrent, and 

charge-off information for loans outstanding and other assets.

Tables I-B through VI-B.

The information presented in Tables I-B through VI-B is 

aggregated for all FDIC-insured commercial banks and savings 

institutions meeting the criteria for community banks that were 

developed for the FDIC’s Community Banking Study, published 

in December, 2012: https://www.fdic.gov/resources/communitybanking/cbi-study.html.

The determination of which insured institutions are considered 

community banks is based on five steps.

The first step in defining a community bank is to aggregate all 

charter-level data reported under each holding company into a 

single banking organization. This aggregation applies both to 

balance-sheet measures and the number and location of banking 

offices. Under the FDIC definition, if the banking organization is 

designated as a community bank, every charter reporting under 

that organization is also considered a community bank when 

working with data at the charter level.

The second step is to exclude any banking organization where more 

than 50 percent of total assets are held in certain specialty banking 

charters, including: credit card specialists, consumer nonbank banks, 

industrial loan companies, trust companies, bankers’ banks, and banks 

holding 10 percent or more of total assets in foreign offices.

Once the specialty organizations are removed, the third step 

involves including organizations that engage in basic banking 

activities as measured by the total loans-to-assets ratio (greater 

than 33 percent) and the ratio of core deposits to assets (greater 

than 50 percent). Core deposits are defined as non-brokered 

deposits in domestic offices. Analysis of the underlying data shows 

that these thresholds establish meaningful levels of basic lending 

and deposit gathering and still allow for a degree of diversity in how 

individual banks construct their balance sheets.

The fourth step includes organizations that operate within a 

limited geographic scope. This limitation of scope is used as a 

proxy measure for a bank’s relationship approach to banking. 

Banks that operate within a limited market area have more ease in 

managing relationships at a personal level. Under this step, four 

criteria are applied to each banking organization. They include 

both a minimum and maximum number of total banking offices, a 

maximum level of deposits for any one office, and location-based 

criteria. The limits on the number of and deposits per office are 

adjusted upward quarterly. For banking offices, banks must have 

more than one office, and the maximum number of offices is 40 in 

1985 and reached 87 in 2016. The maximum level of deposits for 

any one office is $1.25 billion in deposits in 1985 and reached $6.97 

billion in deposits in 2016. The remaining geographic limitations 

are also based on maximums for the number of states (fixed at 3) 

and large metropolitan areas (fixed at 2) in which the organization 

maintains offices. Branch office data are based on the most recent 

data from the annual June 30 Summary of Deposits Survey that are 

available at the time of publication. 

Finally, the definition establishes an asset-size limit, also adjusted 

upward quarterly and below which the limits on banking activities 

and geographic scope are waived. The asset-size limit is $250 

million in 1985 and reached $1.39 billion in 2016. This final step 

acknowledges the fact that most of those small banks that are not 

excluded as specialty banks meet the requirements for banking 

activities and geographic limits in any event.

Summary of FDIC Research Definition of 

Community Banking Organizations

Community banks are designated at the level of the banking 

organization.

(All charters under designated holding companies are considered 

community banking charters.)

Exclude: Any organization with:

— No loans or no core deposits

— Foreign Assets ≥ 10% of total assets

— More than 50% of assets in certain specialty banks, including:

•	 credit card specialists

•	 consumer nonbank banks1

•	 industrial loan companies

•	 trust companies

•	 bankers’ banks

Include: All remaining banking organizations with:

— Total assets < indexed size threshold 2

— Total assets ≥ indexed size threshold, where:

•	 Loan to assets > 33%

•	 Core deposits to assets > 50%

•	 More than 1 office but no more than the indexed maxim

number of offices.3

•	 Number of large MSAs with offices ≤ 2

•	 Number of states with offices ≤ 3

•	 No single office with deposits > indexed maximum branch

deposit size.4

Tables I-C through IV-C.

A separate set of tables (Tables I-C through IV-C) provides 

comparative quarterly data related to the Deposit Insurance Fund 

(DIF), problem institutions, failed institutions, estimated FDIC1 Consumer nonbank banks are financial institutions with limited charters that 

can make commercial loans or take deposits, but not both.

2 Asset size threshold indexed to equal $250 million in 1985 and $1.39 billion in 

2016.

3 Maximum number of offices indexed to equal 40 in 1985 and 87 in 2016.

4 Maximum branch deposit size indexed to equal $1.25 billion in 1985 and 

$6.97 billion in 2016.
QUARTERLY BANKING PROFILE

FDIC QUARTERLY 27

insured deposits, as well as assessment rate information. Depository 

institutions that are not insured by the FDIC through the DIF are 

not included in the FDIC Quarterly Banking Profile. U.S. branches of 

institutions headquartered in foreign countries and non-deposit 

trust companies are not included unless otherwise indicated. Efforts 

are made to obtain financial reports for all active institutions. 

However, in some cases, final financial reports are not available for 

institutions that have closed or converted their charters.

DATA SOURCES

The financial information appearing in this publication is obtained 

primarily from the Federal Financial Institutions Examination 

Council (FFIEC) Consolidated Reports of Condition and Income 

(Call Reports) and the OTS Thrift Financial Reports (TFR) submitted 

by all FDIC-insured depository institutions. (TFR filers began filing 

Call Reports effective with the quarter ending March 31, 2012.) This 

information is stored on and retrieved from the FDIC’s Research 

Information System (RIS) database.

COMPUTATION METHODOLOGY

Parent institutions are required to file consolidated reports, 

while their subsidiary financial institutions are still required to 

file separate reports. Data from subsidiary institution reports are 

included in the Quarterly Banking Profile tables, which can lead 

to double-counting. No adjustments are made for any doublecounting of subsidiary data. Additionally, certain adjustments 

are made to the OTS Thrift Financial Reports to provide closer 

conformance with the reporting and accounting requirements 

of the FFIEC Call Reports. (TFR filers began filing Call Reports 

effective with the quarter ending March 31, 2012.)

All condition and performance ratios represent weighted averages, 

which is the sum of the individual numerator values divided by 

the sum of individual denominator values. All asset and liability 

figures used in calculating performance ratios represent average 

amounts for the period (beginning-of-period amount plus endof-period amount plus any interim periods, divided by the total 

number of periods). For “pooling-of-interest” mergers, the 

assets of the acquired institution(s) are included in average assets, 

since the year-to-date income includes the results of all merged 

institutions. No adjustments are made for “purchase accounting” 

mergers. Growth rates represent the percentage change over a 

12-month period in totals for institutions in the base period to 

totals for institutions in the current period. For the community 

bank subgroup, growth rates will reflect changes over time in the 

number and identities of institutions designated as community 

banks, as well as changes in the assets and liabilities, and income 

and expenses of group members. Unless indicated otherwise, 

growth rates are not adjusted for mergers or other changes in the 

composition of the community bank subgroup. When community 

bank growth rates are adjusted for mergers, prior period balances 

used in the calculations represent totals for the current group 

of community bank reporters, plus prior period amounts for 

any institutions that were subsequently merged into current 

community banks.

All data are collected and presented based on the location of each 

reporting institution’s main office. Reported data may include 

assets and liabilities located outside of the reporting institution’s 

home state. In addition, institutions may relocate across state 

lines or change their charters, resulting in an inter-regional or 

inter-industry migration; institutions can move their home offices 

between regions, savings institutions can convert to commercial 

banks, or commercial banks may convert to savings institutions.

ACCOUNTING CHANGES

Financial accounting pronouncements by the Financial Accounting 

Standards Board (FASB) can result in changes in an individual 

bank’s accounting policies and in the Call Reports they submit. Such 

accounting changes can affect the aggregate amounts presented 

in the QBP for the current period and the period-to-period 

comparability of such financial data. 

The current quarter’s Financial Institution Letter (FIL) and related 

Call Report supplemental instructions can provide additional 

explanation to the QBP reader beyond any material accounting 

changes discussed in the QBP analysis.

https://www.fdic.gov/news/financial-institution-letters/2022/

fil22003.html 

https://www.fdic.gov/regulations/resources/call/call.html

Further information on changes in financial statement 

presentation, income recognition and disclosure is available 

from the FASB. http://www.fasb.org/jsp/FASB/Page/

LandingPage&cid=1175805317350.

DEFINITIONS (in alphabetical order)

All other assets – total cash, balances due from depository 

institutions, premises, fixed assets, direct investments in real 

estate, investment in unconsolidated subsidiaries, customers’ 

liability on acceptances outstanding, assets held in trading 

accounts, federal funds sold, securities purchased with agreements 

to resell, fair market value of derivatives, prepaid deposit insurance 

assessments, and other assets.

All other liabilities – bank’s liability on acceptances, limited-life 

preferred stock, allowance for estimated off-balance-sheet credit 

losses, fair market value of derivatives, and other liabilities.

Assessment base – effective April 1, 2011, the deposit insurance 

assessment base changed to “average consolidated total assets 

minus average tangible equity” with an additional adjustment to 

the assessment base for banker’s banks and custodial banks, as 

permitted under Dodd-Frank. Previously the assessment base was 

“assessable deposits” and consisted of deposits in banks’ domestic 

offices with certain adjustments.

Assessment rate schedule – Initial base assessment rates for 

small institutions are based on a combination of financial ratios and 

CAMELS component ratings. Initial rates for large institutions—

generally those with at least $10 billion in assets—are also based 

on CAMELS component ratings and certain financial measures 

combined into two scorecards—one for most large institutions and 

another for the remaining very large institutions that are structurally 

and operationally complex or that pose unique challenges and risks 

in case of failure (highly complex institutions). The FDIC may take 

additional information into account to make a limited adjustment to 

a large institution’s scorecard results, which are used to determine a 

large institution’s initial base assessment rate.

While risk categories for small institutions (except new 

institutions) were eliminated effective July 1, 2016, initial rates for 

small institutions are subject to minimums and maximums based 

on an institution’s CAMELS composite rating. (Risk categories for 

large institutions were eliminated in 2011.)

The current assessment rate schedule became effective July 1, 2016. 

Under the current schedule, initial base assessment rates range 

from 3 to 30 basis points. An institution’s total base assessment rate 

may differ from its initial rate due to three possible adjustments: 

(1) Unsecured Debt Adjustment: An institution’s rate may decrease 
2022   •   Volume 16  • Number 1

28 FDIC QUARTERLY

by up to 5 basis points for unsecured debt. The unsecured debt 

adjustment cannot exceed the lesser of 5 basis points or 50 percent 

of an institution’s initial base assessment rate (IBAR). Thus, for 

example, an institution with an IBAR of 3 basis points would have 

a maximum unsecured debt adjustment of 1.5 basis points and 

could not have a total base assessment rate lower than 1.5 basis 

points. (2) Depository Institution Debt Adjustment: For institutions 

that hold long-term unsecured debt issued by another insured 

depository institution, a 50 basis point charge is applied to the 

amount of such debt held in excess of 3 percent of an institution’s 

Tier 1 capital. (3) Brokered Deposit Adjustment: Rates for large 

institutions that are not well capitalized or do not have a composite 

CAMELS rating of 1 or 2 may increase (not to exceed 10 basis points) 

if their brokered deposits exceed 10 percent of domestic deposits.

The assessment rate schedule effective July 1, 2016, is shown in the 

following table:

Total Base Assessment Rates*

Established Small Banks Large and 

Highly 

Complex 

Institutions**

CAMELS Composite

1 or 2 3 4 or 5

Initial Base 

Assessment Rate 3 to 16 6 to 30 16 to 30 3 to 30

Unsecured Debt 

Adjustment -5 to 0 -5 to 0 -5 to 0 -5 to 0

Brokered Deposit 

Adjustment N/A N/A N/A 0 to 10

Total Base 

Assessment Rate 1.5 to 16 3 to 30 11 to 30 1.5 to 40

* All amounts for all categories are in basis points annually. Total base rates that are not the 

minimum or maximum rate will vary between these rates. Total base assessment rates do not 

include the depository institution debt adjustment.

 ** Effective July 1, 2016, large institutions are also subject to temporary assessment 

surcharges in order to raise the reserve ratio from 1.15 percent to 1.35  percent. The 

surcharges amount to 4.5 basis points of a large institution’s assessment base (after making 

certain adjustments).

Each institution is assigned a risk-based rate for a quarterly 

assessment period near the end of the quarter following the 

assessment period. Payment is generally due on the 30th day of 

the last month of the quarter following the assessment period. 

Supervisory rating changes are effective for assessment purposes as 

of the examination transmittal date.

Assets securitized and sold – total outstanding principal balance 

of assets securitized and sold with servicing retained or other 

seller-provided credit enhancements.

Capital Purchase Program (CPP) – as announced in October 

2008 under the TARP, the Treasury Department purchase of 

noncumulative perpetual preferred stock and related warrants that 

is treated as Tier 1 capital for regulatory capital purposes is included 

in “Total equity capital.” Such warrants to purchase common 

stock or noncumulative preferred stock issued by publicly-traded 

banks are reflected as well in “Surplus.” Warrants to purchase 

common stock or noncumulative preferred stock of not-publiclytraded bank stock are classified in a bank’s balance sheet as “Other 

liabilities.”

Common equity Tier 1 capital ratio – ratio of common equity 

Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets. Common equity Tier 1 capital 

includes common stock instruments and related surplus, retained 

earnings, accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI), and 

limited amounts of common equity Tier 1 minority interest, minus 

applicable regulatory adjustments and deductions. Items that are 

fully deducted from common equity Tier 1 capital include goodwill, 

other intangible assets (excluding mortgage servicing assets) 

and certain deferred tax assets; items that are subject to limits in 

common equity Tier 1 capital include mortgage servicing assets, 

eligible deferred tax assets, and certain significant investments. 

Beginning March 2020, this ratio does not include institutions that 

have a Community Bank Leverage Ratio election in effect at the 

report date.

Construction and development loans – includes loans for 

all property types under construction, as well as loans for land 

acquisition and development.

Core capital – common equity capital plus noncumulative 

perpetual preferred stock plus minority interest in consolidated 

subsidiaries, less goodwill and other ineligible intangible assets. 

The amount of eligible intangibles (including servicing rights) 

included in core capital is limited in accordance with supervisory 

capital regulations.

Cost of funding earning assets – total interest expense paid on 

deposits and other borrowed money as a percentage of average 

earning assets.

Credit enhancements – techniques whereby a company attempts 

to reduce the credit risk of its obligations. Credit enhancement may 

be provided by a third party (external credit enhancement) or by the 

originator (internal credit enhancement), and more than one type 

of enhancement may be associated with a given issuance.

Deposit Insurance Fund (DIF) – the Bank (BIF) and Savings 

Association (SAIF) Insurance Funds were merged in 2006 by the 

Federal Deposit Insurance Reform Act to form the DIF.

Derivatives notional amount – the notional, or contractual, 

amounts of derivatives represent the level of involvement in the 

types of derivatives transactions and are not a quantification of 

market risk or credit risk. Notional amounts represent the amounts 

used to calculate contractual cash flows to be exchanged.

Derivatives credit equivalent amount – the fair value of the 

derivative plus an additional amount for potential future credit 

exposure based on the notional amount, the remaining maturity 

and type of the contract.

Derivatives transaction types:

Futures and forward contracts – contracts in which the buyer 

agrees to purchase and the seller agrees to sell, at a specified 

future date, a specific quantity of an underlying variable or index 

at a specified price or yield. These contracts exist for a variety of 

variables or indices, (traditional agricultural or physical 

commodities, as well as currencies and interest rates). Futures 

contracts are standardized and are traded on organized 

exchanges which set limits on counterparty credit exposure. 

Forward contracts do not have standardized terms and are 

traded over the counter.

Option contracts – contracts in which the buyer acquires the 

right to buy from or sell to another party some specified amount 

of an underlying variable or index at a stated price (strike price) 

during a period or on a specified future date, in return for 

compensation (such as a fee or premium). The seller is obligated 

to purchase or sell the variable or index at the discretion of the 

buyer of the contract.

Swaps – obligations between two parties to exchange a series 

of cash flows at periodic intervals (settlement dates), for a 

specified period. The cash flows of a swap are either fixed, or 

determined for each settlement date by multiplying the quantity 
QUARTERLY BANKING PROFILE

FDIC QUARTERLY 29

(notional principal) of the underlying variable or index by 

specified reference rates or prices. Except for currency swaps, 

the notional principal is used to calculate each payment but is 

not exchanged.

Derivatives underlying risk exposure – the potential exposure 

characterized by the level of banks’ concentration in particular 

underlying instruments, in general. Exposure can result from 

market risk, credit risk, and operational risk, as well as, interest 

rate risk.

Domestic deposits to total assets – total domestic office deposits 

as a percent of total assets on a consolidated basis.

Earning assets – all loans and other investments that earn interest 

or dividend income.

Efficiency ratio – Noninterest expense less amortization 

of intangible assets as a percent of net interest income plus 

noninterest income. This ratio measures the proportion of net 

operating revenues that are absorbed by overhead expenses, so that 

a lower value indicates greater efficiency.

Estimated insured deposits – in general, insured deposits are 

total domestic deposits minus estimated uninsured deposits. 

Beginning March 31, 2008, for institutions that file Call Reports, 

insured deposits are total assessable deposits minus estimated 

uninsured deposits. Beginning September 30, 2009, insured 

deposits include deposits in accounts of $100,000 to $250,000 

that are covered by a temporary increase in the FDIC’s standard 

maximum deposit insurance amount (SMDIA). The Dodd-Frank 

Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act enacted on July 21, 

2010, made permanent the standard maximum deposit insurance 

amount (SMDIA) of $250,000. Also, the Dodd-Frank Act amended 

the Federal Deposit Insurance Act to include noninterest-bearing 

transaction accounts as a new temporary deposit insurance 

account category. All funds held in noninterest-bearing transaction 

accounts were fully insured, without limit, from December 31, 2010, 

through December 31, 2012.

Failed/assisted institutions – an institution fails when regulators 

take control of the institution, placing the assets and liabilities 

into a bridge bank, conservatorship, receivership, or another 

healthy institution. This action may require the FDIC to provide 

funds to cover losses. An institution is defined as “assisted” when 

the institution remains open and receives assistance in order to 

continue operating.

Fair Value – the valuation of various assets and liabilities on the 

balance sheet—including trading assets and liabilities, availablefor-sale securities, loans held for sale, assets and liabilities 

accounted for under the fair value option, and foreclosed assets—

involves the use of fair values. During periods of market stress, the 

fair values of some financial instruments and nonfinancial assets 

may decline.

FHLB advances – all borrowings by FDIC-insured institutions 

from the Federal Home Loan Bank System (FHLB), as reported by 

Call Report filers, and by TFR filers prior to March 31, 2012.

Goodwill and other intangibles – intangible assets include 

servicing rights, purchased credit card relationships, and other 

identifiable intangible assets. Goodwill is the excess of the purchase 

price over the fair market value of the net assets acquired, less 

subsequent impairment adjustments. Other intangible assets are 

recorded at fair value, less subsequent quarterly amortization and 

impairment adjustments.

Loans secured by real estate – includes home equity loans, junior 

liens secured by 1-4 family residential properties, and all other 

loans secured by real estate.

Loans to individuals – includes outstanding credit card balances 

and other secured and unsecured consumer loans.

Long-term assets (5+ years) – loans and debt securities with 

remaining maturities or repricing intervals of over five years.

Maximum credit exposure – the maximum contractual credit 

exposure remaining under recourse arrangements and other sellerprovided credit enhancements provided by the reporting bank to 

securitizations.

Mortgage-backed securities – certificates of participation in pools 

of residential mortgages and collateralized mortgage obligations 

issued or guaranteed by government-sponsored or private enterprises. Also, see “Securities,” below.

Net charge-offs – total loans and leases charged off (removed from 

balance sheet because of uncollectability), less amounts recovered 

on loans and leases previously charged off.

Net interest margin – the difference between interest and 

dividends earned on interest-bearing assets and interest paid to 

depositors and other creditors, expressed as a percentage of average 

earning assets. No adjustments are made for interest income that is 

tax exempt.

Net loans to total assets – loans and lease financing receivables, 

net of unearned income, allowance and reserves, as a percent of 

total assets on a consolidated basis.

Net operating income – income excluding discretionary 

transactions such as gains (or losses) on the sale of investment 

securities and extraordinary items. Income taxes subtracted 

from operating income have been adjusted to exclude the portion 

applicable to securities gains (or losses).

Noncurrent assets – the sum of loans, leases, debt securities, and 

other assets that are 90 days or more past due, or in nonaccrual 

status.

Noncurrent loans & leases – the sum of loans and leases 90 days 

or more past due, and loans and leases in nonaccrual status.

Number of institutions reporting – the number of institutions 

that actually filed a financial report.

New reporters – insured institutions filing quarterly financial 

reports for the first time.

Other borrowed funds – federal funds purchased, securities 

sold with agreements to repurchase, demand notes issued to the 

U.S. Treasury, FHLB advances, other borrowed money, mortgage 

indebtedness, obligations under capitalized leases and trading 

liabilities, less revaluation losses on assets held in trading accounts.

Other real estate owned – primarily foreclosed property. Direct 

and indirect investments in real estate ventures are excluded. The 

amount is reflected net of valuation allowances. For institutions 

that filed a Thrift Financial Report (TFR), the valuation allowance 

subtracted also includes allowances for other repossessed assets. 

Also, for TFR filers the components of other real estate owned are 

reported gross of valuation allowances. (TFR filers began filing Call 

Reports effective with the quarter ending March 31, 2012.)

Percent of institutions with earnings gains – the percent of 

institutions that increased their net income (or decreased their 

losses) compared to the same period a year earlier.
2022   •   Volume 16  • Number 1

30 FDIC QUARTERLY

“Problem” institutions – federal regulators assign a composite 

rating to each financial institution, based upon an evaluation of 

financial and operational criteria. The rating is based on a scale 

of 1 to 5 in ascending order of supervisory concern. “Problem” 

institutions are those institutions with financial, operational, or 

managerial weaknesses that threaten their continued financial 

viability. Depending upon the degree of risk and supervisory 

concern, they are rated either a “4” or “5.” The number and assets 

of “problem” institutions are based on FDIC composite ratings. 

Prior to March 31, 2008, for institutions whose primary federal 

regulator was the OTS, the OTS composite rating was used.

Recourse – an arrangement in which a bank retains, in form or in 

substance, any credit risk directly or indirectly associated with an 

asset it has sold (in accordance with generally accepted accounting 

principles) that exceeds a pro rata share of the bank’s claim on 

the asset. If a bank has no claim on an asset it has sold, then the 

retention of any credit risk is recourse.

Reserves for losses – the allowance for loan and lease losses on a 

consolidated basis.

Restructured loans and leases – loan and lease financing 

receivables with terms restructured from the original contract. 

Excludes restructured loans and leases that are not in compliance 

with the modified terms.

Retained earnings – net income less cash dividends on common 

and preferred stock for the reporting period.

Return on assets – bank net income (including gains or losses on 

securities and extraordinary items) as a percentage of average total 

(consolidated) assets. The basic yardstick of bank profitability.

Return on equity – bank net income (including gains or losses on 

securities and extraordinary items) as a percentage of average total 

equity capital.

Risk-weighted assets – assets adjusted for risk-based capital 

definitions which include on-balance-sheet as well as off-balancesheet items multiplied by risk-weights that range from zero to 

200 percent. A conversion factor is used to assign a balance sheet 

equivalent amount for selected off-balance-sheet accounts.

Securities – excludes securities held in trading accounts. Banks’ 

securities portfolios consist of securities designated as “held-tomaturity” (reported at amortized cost (book value)), securities 

designated as “available-for-sale” (reported at fair (market) 

value), and equity securities with readily determinable fair values 

not held for trading.

Securities gains (losses) – realized gains (losses) on held-tomaturity and available-for-sale securities, before adjustments for 

income taxes. Thrift Financial Report (TFR) filers also include gains 

(losses) on the sales of assets held for sale. (TFR filers began filing 

Call Reports effective with the quarter ending March 31, 2012.)

Seller’s interest in institution’s own securitizations – the 

reporting bank’s ownership interest in loans and other assets that 

have been securitized, except an interest that is a form of recourse 

or other seller-provided credit enhancement. Seller’s interests 

differ from the securities issued to investors by the securitization 

structure. The principal amount of a seller’s interest is generally 

equal to the total principal amount of the pool of assets included 

in the securitization structure less the principal amount of those 

assets attributable to investors, i.e., in the form of securities issued 

to investors.

Small Business Lending Fund – The Small Business Lending 

Fund (SBLF) was enacted into law in September 2010 as part 

of the Small Business Jobs Act of 2010 to encourage lending to 

small businesses by providing capital to qualified community 

institutions with assets of less than $10 billion. The SBLF Program 

is administered by the U.S. Treasury Department (https://

home.treasury.gov/policy-issues/small-business-programs/

small-business-lending-fund).

Under the SBLF Program, the Treasury Department purchased 

noncumulative perpetual preferred stock from qualifying 

depository institutions and holding companies (other than 

Subchapter S and mutual institutions). When this stock has been 

issued by a depository institution, it is reported as “Perpetual 

preferred stock and related surplus.” For regulatory capital 

purposes, this noncumulative perpetual preferred stock qualifies as 

a component of Tier 1 capital. Qualifying Subchapter S corporations 

and mutual institutions issue unsecured subordinated debentures to 

the Treasury Department through the SBLF. Depository institutions 

that issued these debentures report them as “Subordinated notes 

and debentures.” For regulatory capital purposes, the debentures 

are eligible for inclusion in an institution’s Tier 2 capital in 

accordance with their primary federal regulator’s capital standards. 

To participate in the SBLF Program, an institution with outstanding 

securities issued to the Treasury Department under the Capital 

Purchase Program (CPP) was required to refinance or repay in full 

the CPP securities at the time of the SBLF funding. Any outstanding 

warrants that an institution issued to the Treasury Department 

under the CPP remain outstanding after the refinancing of the CPP 

stock through the SBLF Program unless the institution chooses to 

repurchase them.

Subchapter S corporation – a Subchapter S corporation is treated 

as a pass-through entity, similar to a partnership, for federal 

income tax purposes. It is generally not subject to any federal 

income taxes at the corporate level. This can have the effect of 

reducing institutions’ reported taxes and increasing their after-tax 

earnings.

Trust assets – market value, or other reasonably available value of 

fiduciary and related assets, to include marketable securities, and 

other financial and physical assets. Common physical assets held 

in fiduciary accounts include real estate, equipment, collectibles, 

and household goods. Such fiduciary assets are not included in the 

assets of the financial institution.

Unearned income and contra accounts – unearned income for 

Call Report filers only.

Unused loan commitments – includes credit card lines, home 

equity lines, commitments to make loans for construction, loans 

secured by commercial real estate, and unused commitments to 

originate or purchase loans. (Excluded are commitments after 

June 2003 for originated mortgage loans held for sale, which are 

accounted for as derivatives on the balance sheet.)

Yield on earning assets – total interest, dividend, and fee income 

earned on loans and investments as a percentage of average 

earning assets.
CONSUMER LENDING THROUGH THE PANDEMIC AND THE RECOVERY

Introduction The U.S. economy and households entered the recession that started in 2020 in a strong 

position. Before the pandemic, the unemployment rate was at the lowest level since the 

1970s and household wealth was at its highest level since data were first collected in 1945. 

Household balance sheets had been improving for years before the pandemic and debt 

burdens were historically low. This strong starting position helped households weather the 

income disruptions that occurred due to the pandemic.

Consumer Sector 

Overview

The pandemic quickly pushed the economy into a recession and more than 20 million 

people lost their jobs in two months. Many businesses shut down as state and local 

governments issued stay-at-home orders and directed businesses to close. Many people 

remained at home to slow the spread of COVID-19, resulting in a sharp slowdown in 

economic activity. The unemployment rate rose to 14.7 percent in April 2020, well above 

the previous peak unemployment rate of 10.8 percent in 1982 (Chart 1). In May 2020, an 

additional 31.5 percent of the labor force could not work because of closures or lost business 

related to the COVID-19 pandemic.1 Aggregate monthly personal income dipped $33 billion 

in March 2020 (almost 2 percent from February 2020, about four times the average monthly 

personal income change). The negative trends were short-lived, however, as businesses 

reopened quickly and fiscal support boosted income.

Government support programs bolstered income in the months following the start of the 

recession through the largest and fastest economic contraction on record (Chart 2). Direct 

transfers and enhanced unemployment insurance payments pushed monthly personal 

income to a record high in April 2020, about $150 billion higher than monthly personal 

income before the pandemic. In the context of the severe recession and substantial job loss, 

this record-setting personal income and its full-year increase in 2020 compared with 2019 

reflects the magnitude of the federal government’s pandemic-related support to the U.S. 

economy. Personal income spiked again in January 2021 and March 2021 when additional 

rounds of direct payments were made.

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Jan 2019 May 2019 Sep 2019 Jan 2020 May 2020 Sep 2020 Jan 2021 May 2021 Sep 2021

Previous U-6 Peak (Dec 2009)

Previous U-3 Peak (Nov 1982)

Unemployment Spiked at the Onset of the Pandemic

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics (Haver Analytics).

Note: Data are monthly through December 2021. The U-3 unemployment measure is available from January 1948 to December 2021. 

The U-6 unemployment measure is available from January 1994 to December 2021. Shaded area indicates recession.

Share of Labor Force 

(Percent)

Official Unemployment Rate (U-3)

Unemployed + Marginally Attached + 

Part Time for Economic Reasons (U-6)

Unable to Work Due to COVID-19

Business Closure

Chart 1

1 In May 2020, the Bureau of Labor Statistics added questions to the Current Population Survey about how the 

coronavirus pandemic affected work, including the question “At any time in the LAST 4 WEEKS, were you unable 

to work because your employer closed or lost business due to the coronavirus pandemic?” The standard measure of 

unemployment (U-3) was 13.2 percent in May 2020.

FDIC QUARTERLY 31
2022   •   Volume 16  • Number 1

32 FDIC QUARTERLY

Personal Income Rose During the Pandemic From Government Support

Source: Bureau of Economic Analysis (Haver Analytics).

Note: Data are monthly through December 2021.

Monthly Dollar Amount

($ Trillions)

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

Jan-2019 Jul-2019 Jan-2020 Jul-2020 Jan-2021 Jul-2021

Income Unemployment Insurance Economic Impact Payments

Chart 2

Extensive government support pushed aggregate personal income to record highs in the 

months following the onset of the 2020 recession and—coupled with reduced spending 

from pandemic-related business closures—led to a high household savings rate. Estimates 

place excess savings—savings on top of what would be predicted by the pre-pandemic 

trend in household savings—at about $2.5 trillion in early 2021. While household wealth 

dipped with the stock market in first quarter 2020, it reached new record highs in every 

quarter between second quarter 2020 and fourth quarter 2021 as the stock market recovered 

and housing prices rose. Household savings and wealth supported consumer debt payments 

throughout the recession and often allowed consumers to keep current on debt service 

payments despite challenging economic conditions.

Government Support Programs Expanded During the Pandemic

Several federal programs supported households through the pandemic. The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic 

Security (CARES) Act, passed in March 2020, provided direct economic impact payments for the majority of American 

households.a From the end of March through May 2020, the Internal Revenue Service made 159 million of these payments 

to qualifying individuals. The federal government also provided two more rounds of economic impact payments in early 

2021. Altogether, the Treasury issued almost $800 billion in transfer payments in about 15 months, much higher than the 

previous peak in transfer payments in the Great Recession.

The CARES Act also expanded unemployment insurance, both in terms of who was covered by unemployment insurance 

and the size of payments. Besides state unemployment insurance payments, the federal government paid $600 per 

week in federal unemployment insurance benefits.b The CARES Act also created two new unemployment insurance 

programs. The Pandemic Emergency Unemployment Compensation program extended unemployment insurance benefits 

to people whose standard state benefits had expired. And the Pandemic Unemployment Assistance program provided 

unemployment insurance payments to people who typically aren’t eligible for unemployment insurance, like gig workers, 

independent contractors, and the self-employed.

By October 2021, most federal monetary support programs had ended. Most economic impact payments were disbursed 

by summer 2021, and enhanced unemployment insurance programs ended in September 2021. The last major fiscal cash 

transfer program related to COVID-19 in effect at the end of 2021 was the expansion of the Child Tax Credit. The American 

Rescue Plan expanded the Child Tax Credit and changed a tax refund to disbursing half of the money as monthly payments.

a CARES Act economic impact payments were up to $1,200 per adult and $500 per child under 17 years old for individuals who made less than $99,000 per year and 

joint filers who made less than $198,000 per year.

b These additional payments were later reduced to $300 per week, but remained in effect through September 2021.
CONSUMER LENDING THROUGH THE PANDEMIC AND THE RECOVERY

FDIC QUARTERLY 33

The unprecedented government transfers, coupled with changes in consumer spending 

and saving behaviors, led to a change in consumer lending trends. Consumer loan volumes 

declined in 2020 and remained below pre-pandemic levels through third quarter 2021. And 

unlike in previous recessions, loan performance generally improved through the recession. 

Households used the government support partly to pay down debt and increase savings, 

both decreasing their reliance on consumer credit for spending and improving repayment 

rates on existing loans. The Census Bureau’s Household Pulse Survey provides further 

information about consumers’ use of the increased income from government transfers. 

The survey asked respondents how they used the economic impact payments they received. 

While only 11 percent of households used the first economic impact payment to “mostly pay 

down debt” in summer 2020, that figure increased to about 50 percent for the second and 

third payments, received in early 2021.2 Many households also saved part of their economic 

impact payments, which may have made them more able to pay debts in future months.

Overview of 

Consumer Lending 

at Banks

In aggregate, banks held $1.9 trillion in consumer loans in fourth quarter 2021 (Chart 3). 

Consumer loans are defined as loans to individuals that are not backed by real estate. The 

category includes credit card loans, auto loans, and other consumer loans. On average, 

consumer loans are not a large part of bank portfolios, just 7.9 percent of bank assets 

overall. Consumer loans are also a relatively small share of community bank portfolios, 

totaling $66 billion in fourth quarter 2021.3 However, for lenders that specialize in 

consumer lending, trends in the consumer landscape are of great importance.

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2.0

Mar-2019 Sep-2019 Mar-2020 Sep-2020 Mar-2021 Sep-2021

Credit Card Loans Comprise About Half of Consumer Loans;

Auto Loans and Other Consumer Loans Comprise the Rest

Source: FDIC.

Note: Data are quarterly through fourth quarter 2021.

Loans Outstanding

($ Trillions) Credit Card Loans Auto Loans Other Consumer Loans

Chart 3

Noncommunity banks are the main consumer lenders. While noncommunity banks 

represent 88 percent of total banking industry assets, they hold a disproportionally higher 

share of consumer loans: 97 percent of the industry total (Chart 4). Credit card loans are 

particularly concentrated in noncommunity banks. Noncommunity banks also hold a higher 

proportion of their assets as consumer loans. Consumer loans, on average, are 10.3 percent of 

assets at noncommunity banks and only 2.8 percent of assets at community banks (Table).4

2 The response options in the survey were “mostly spend it,” “mostly save it,” or “mostly use it to pay off debt.” See 

Phase 3 COVID-19 Household Pulse Survey for an example of the survey questionnaire.

3 Community banks are defined using the criteria in the FDIC 2012 Community Banking Study and FDIC 2020 Community 

Banking Study. The definition encompasses small banks and larger banks that focus on traditional lending and deposittaking activities. See https://www.fdic.gov/resources/community-banking/report/2012/2012-cbi-study-full.pdf and 

https://www.fdic.gov/resources/community-banking/report/2020/2020-cbi-study-full.pdf for more information. 

Noncommunity banks are all other banks.

4 The larger share of assets of consumer loans at noncommunity banks is partly driven by the credit card specialist 

banks, where consumer loans are 76.4 percent of assets. Excluding the 11 credit card specialist banks, consumer loans 

are 8.7 percent of assets at noncommunity banks.
2022   •   Volume 16  • Number 1

34 FDIC QUARTERLY

Banks implemented or expanded forbearance programs for their customers in spring and 

summer 2020, which helped to support loan performance. These forbearance programs 

for consumer loans were not mandated by the CARES Act, but bank supervisors released 

guidance in March 2020 encouraging banks to work prudently with customers affected by 

COVID-19 and stating that they view loan modification programs as positive actions that 

can mitigate adverse effects on borrowers during the pandemic.5 Supervisors clarified that 

borrowers who received forbearance should generally be considered current on their loans 

if they met the terms of the forbearance; this may have contributed to lower delinquency 

rates on consumer loans during 2020 and 2021.

Noncommunity Banks Hold a Disproportionately Larger Share of Consumer Loans 

Than Their Share of Total Banking Industry Assets

Source: FDIC.

Note: Data are as of fourth quarter 2021.

Share Held by Noncommunity Banks

(Percent)

88% 85%

97% 95%

100%

93%

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Assets Loans Total

Consumer

Loans

Auto Loans Credit Card

Loans

Other

Consumer

Loans

Chart 4

The outlook for overall consumer loan performance is strong. In aggregate, household 

balance sheets have remained relatively healthy through the recession, and labor 

markets improved even as federal support for households began to wane. Households 

have generally not taken on more consumer debt through the recession and recovery, 

and banks have generally tightened underwriting standards. However, if the pandemic 

worsens and businesses shut down again, households may lose income and have trouble 

repaying their debt. The next sections discuss the three types of consumer lending 

in detail.

5 See, for example, https://www.fdic.gov/news/press-releases/2020/pr20030b.pdf and https://www.fdic.gov/news/pressreleases/2020/pr20038a.pdf. 

Consumer Loans Are a Larger Share of Assets at Noncommunity Banks Than Community Banks

Loan Type Community Banks Noncommunity Banks

Consumer Loans 2.8% 10.3%

Credit Card Loans 0.1% 5.4%

Auto Loans 1.3% 2.6%

Other Consumer Loans 1.4% 2.2%

Source: FDIC.

Note: Data are average share of assets from first quarter 2011 through fourth quarter 2019.

Table
CONSUMER LENDING THROUGH THE PANDEMIC AND THE RECOVERY

FDIC QUARTERLY 35

Credit Cards The credit card market is dominated by a few large noncommunity banks. The ten largest 

credit card lenders—all noncommunity banks—held 88 percent of outstanding credit 

card loans in fourth quarter 2021, while community banks held less than 1 percent of 

outstanding credit card loans.

Credit card loan volumes declined during the pandemic (Chart 6). Aggregate credit card 

loan volume in first quarter 2021 was the lowest since 2017, down 19 percent from the 

pre-pandemic peak in fourth quarter 2019. In third and fourth quarters 2021, credit card 

loans grew year over year, but in fourth quarter 2021 loan balances remained down about 

7 percent compared with fourth quarter 2019.

Nonbank Lenders in the Consumer Lending Space

Nonbank lenders hold most consumer loans, primarily due to large holdings of federal student loans. The Federal Reserve 

Bank of New York publishes quarterly reports on consumer debt based on their Consumer Credit Panel database, which 

uses anonymous credit bureau data to study consumer debt. The quarterly report does not distinguish between bank 

and nonbank debt, but by combining their data with bank Consolidated Reports of Condition and Income (Call Report) 

data, we can estimate the shares of loans held by nonbanks. Nonbanks include credit unions, auto finance companies, 

fintech lenders, other private lenders, and the federal government.a Nonbank lenders held 57 percent of consumer loans 

outstanding as of fourth quarter 2021. However, excluding federally owned student loans, nonbank lenders hold only 

31 percent of consumer loans outstanding (Chart 5).b Nonbank lenders hold almost no credit card loans, but they hold the 

majority of auto loans and other consumer loans.c

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Total Consumer Loans Credit Card Loans Auto Loans Other Consumer Loans

Banks Hold the Majority of Credit Card Loans but Nonbanks Hold the Majority of

Auto and Other Consumer Loans

Sources: FDIC, Federal Reserve Bank of New York (Haver Analytics).

Note: Data are as of fourth quarter 2021.

Loans Outstanding

($ Trillions)

Bank

Nonbank

Bank Share of Loans: 43 percent

Bank Share Excluding 

Federal Student Loans: 69 percent

Chart 5

a Most consumer loans held by the federal government are U.S. Department of Education student loans.

b The Consumer Credit Panel does not separately identify federal student loans and private student loans. Data on outstanding federal student loans come from 

the National Student Loan Data System. See https://studentaid.gov/data-center/student/portfolio.

c Credit unions hold about 20 percent of outstanding auto loans. In this section, credit unions are considered nonbank lenders.
2022   •   Volume 16  • Number 1

36 FDIC QUARTERLY

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1,000

Mar-2019 Sep-2019 Mar-2020 Sep-2020 Mar-2021 Sep-2021

Credit Card Loan Balances Fell in 2020 and the First Half of 2021

Source: FDIC.

Note: Data are quarterly through fourth quarter 2021.

Loans Outstanding

($ Billions) Top Ten Banks Other Noncommunity Banks Community Banks

Chart 6

Aggregate credit card balances fell in 2020 because households changed their spending 

habits, often in ways that are not typical during recessions. Credit card balances rose 

during the previous two recessions. In the pandemic recession, households cut back on 

spending as lockdowns and business closures were implemented across the country, which 

lowered credit card balances. Households cut back more than average on services spending, 

particularly for those services that involve in-person interaction, such as restaurants, 

hotels, travel, and medical care. Goods spending recovered quickly after it fell in March and 

April 2020, but services spending recovered more slowly. These changes meant that overall 

spending did not surpass pre-pandemic levels until first quarter 2021. And the government 

transfer payments enabled many households to pay down existing credit card balances, 

which also reduced aggregate outstanding credit card loans.

Banks tightened lending standards in 2020, which also contributed to lower credit card 

loan balances. In second quarter 2020, on net, more than 70 percent of all banks tightened 

lending standards for credit card loans, according to the Federal Reserve’s Senior Loan 

Officer Opinion Survey (SLOOS). The survey covers about 80 of the largest U.S. banks, which 

is especially useful for credit cards because most credit card loans come from large banks. 

Banks tightened lending standards again in third quarter 2020, and then began loosening 

standards as the economy recovered. On net, banks loosened underwriting standards for 

credit cards in every quarter of 2021, but they remained relatively tight. In the first quarter 

2021 SLOOS report, banks were asked to compare their current underwriting standards to 

pre-pandemic levels. The underwriting standards for credit card loans at a meaningful 

share majority of banks were still tighter than before the pandemic.

Credit card loan performance generally improved as consumers cut back on credit card 

spending and paid down credit card balances with federal transfers. The share of credit 

card loans that were noncurrent—90 days or more past due but still accruing interest—and 

loans in nonaccrual status decreased 22 percent from fourth quarter 2019 to fourth quarter 

2020 and decreased another 21 percent by fourth quarter 2021 (Chart 7). And the net chargeoff rate for credit card loans for the banking industry was near its historic low in fourth 

quarter 2021. In contrast, the share of credit card loans that were noncurrent rose from 

fourth quarter 2007, at the start of the Great Recession, through first quarter 2010, after the 

end of the Great Recession.
CONSUMER LENDING THROUGH THE PANDEMIC AND THE RECOVERY

FDIC QUARTERLY 37

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019 2021

The Noncurrent Rate on Credit Card Loans Was Lower at Community Banks 

Than at Noncommunity Banks

Source: FDIC.

Note: Noncurrent loans are loans that are 90 days or more delinquent or in nonaccrual status. Data are quarterly through fourth quarter 2021.

Shaded areas indicate recession.

Share of Loans That Are Noncurrent

(Percent)

Noncommunity Banks Community Banks

Chart 7

Auto Loans The auto lending market is split between banks, credit unions, and other auto finance 

companies. Banks and captive finance companies each hold about 30 percent of the auto 

loan market, credit unions hold about 18 percent, and other lenders hold the remaining 

amount, according to Experian.

6 In the banking industry, a few banks hold the majority 

of outstanding auto loans, but most banks (87.5 percent) have some auto loans on their 

balance sheets. The ten largest bank auto lenders hold almost 75 percent of outstanding 

bank auto loans (Chart 8).

Auto lending by banks and nonbanks declined during the start of the pandemic but 

recovered quickly. Auto lending declined for a few months in first and second quarter 2020 

as many dealerships closed in-person sales facilities. However, auto loan volumes recovered 

more quickly than in previous recessions because of higher demand and low interest rates. A 

factor contributing to increased demand for auto loans may have been people who previously 

did not own a car but felt uncomfortable using public transportation during a pandemic.

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

Mar-2019 Sep-2019 Mar-2020 Sep-2020 Mar-2021 Sep-2021

The Ten Largest Auto Lending Banks Held Three-Quarters of Auto Loans 

in the Banking Sector

Source: FDIC.

Note: Data are quarterly through fourth quarter 2021.

Loans Outstanding

($ Billions) Top Ten Banks Other Noncommunity Banks Community Banks

Chart 8

6 A captive finance company is a wholly owned subsidiary of an auto manufacturer that provides loans for purchases of 

their own vehicles. 
2022   •   Volume 16  • Number 1

38 FDIC QUARTERLY

Auto loan balances in the banking industry fell slightly from $487 billion in first quarter 

2020 to $486 billion in second quarter 2020, but exceeded pre-pandemic levels by third 

quarter 2020. In fourth quarter 2021, auto loan balances were about 11 percent above their 

pre-pandemic level. In past recessions, auto loan volumes recovered much more slowly. 

While data on auto loans in the banking industry are not available for previous recessions, 

data on auto sales may serve as a proxy for bank auto-lending patterns. After the Great 

Recession, the number of cars sold did not surpass pre-recession levels until 2014, almost 

seven years after the previous peak.7

During the recession, banks tightened lending standards for auto loans, especially for 

subprime borrowers. In second quarter 2020, about half of all banks tightened lending 

standards for auto loans, according to the SLOOS. Banks loosened underwriting standards 

over the subsequent quarters, especially for prime borrowers. In a special question in first 

quarter 2021, banks were asked to compare their underwriting standards to pre-pandemic 

underwriting standards. Responses showed that the standards at more than a quarter of 

banks were tighter than before the pandemic for subprime and near-prime borrowers, 

and the standards at 11 percent of banks were tighter than before the pandemic for prime 

borrowers. Tighter standards tend to improve the quality of loan portfolios and decrease 

delinquencies.

Auto loan performance improved in 2020 and 2021. The share of auto loans at banks that 

were noncurrent increased in the first half of 2020 before improving through 2021 (Chart 9). 

The share of bank auto loans in early delinquency—loans that were 30 to 89 days past due—

fell almost 50 percent from first quarter 2020 to first quarter 2021. Early delinquencies 

rose in 2021 but remained well below pre-pandemic levels in fourth quarter 2021. Unlike 

pre-pandemic trends, auto loan performance was somewhat better at community banks 

than noncommunity banks.8 While auto loan data were not reported separately before 

2011, loan performance data for auto and other consumer loans combined are available. 

Loan performance for these non-credit-card consumer loans began deteriorating in fourth 

quarter 2007 at the start of the Great Recession and worsened through first quarter 2010, 

after the end of the recession.

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019 2021

Auto Loan Performance Was Better at Community Banks Than at 

Noncommunity Banks in 2020 and 2021

Source: FDIC.

Note: Noncurrent loans are loans that are 90 days or more delinquent or in nonaccrual status. Before 2011, data for auto loans are not separately 

available, so the dashed lines show noncurrent rates for auto and other consumer loans combined (non-credit-card loans). Data are quarterly 

through fourth quarter 2021. Shaded areas indicate recession.

Share of Loans That Are Noncurrent

(Percent) Noncommunity Bank Auto Loans

Community Bank Auto Loans

Noncommunity Bank

Non-Credit-Card Consumer Loans

Community Bank

Non-Credit-Card Consumer Loans

Chart 9

7 Bureau of Economic Analysis.

8 The share of loans that were noncurrent increased at community banks in third and fourth quarter 2021 consistent with 

the seasonal nature of auto loan noncurrent rates. 
CONSUMER LENDING THROUGH THE PANDEMIC AND THE RECOVERY

FDIC QUARTERLY 39

Other Consumer Loans Most banks hold other consumer loans on their balance sheets. Other consumer loans 

include revolving, single payment, or installment loans made to an individual that are not 

credit card or auto loans. This loan category is mostly composed of unsecured personal 

loans and private student loans. The ten largest bank lenders for other consumer loans 

hold about half of other consumer loans in the banking system, while community banks 

hold about 9 percent of the other consumer loans in the banking system. Most banks 

(96 percent) hold some other consumer loans on their balance sheets.

Balances of other consumer loans were flat after the start of the pandemic recession but 

began growing again in third quarter 2020 (Chart 10). Balances of other consumer loans 

continued to rise through the end of 2020 and in 2021. In fourth quarter 2021, the balance of 

other consumer loans was $473 billion, 14.8 percent higher than the pre-pandemic level.

Just as for auto and credit card loans, banks tightened lending standards for other 

consumer loans in second and third quarter 2020. On net, 61 percent of banks tightened 

lending standards in second quarter 2020, and 16 percent tightened in third quarter 2020, 

according to the SLOOS. Starting in fourth quarter 2020, banks loosened standards on other 

consumer loans in every quarter thereafter through fourth quarter 2021. Although banks 

have loosened underwriting standards on other consumer loans, the standards are still 

relatively tight. In the July 2021 SLOOS report, banks reported that underwriting standards 

for other consumer loans were somewhat tighter compared with their historical range from 

2005 to the present.

Other Consumer Loan Balances Continued to Grow in 2020 and 2021

Source: FDIC.

Note: Data are quarterly through fourth quarter 2021.

Loans Outstanding

($ Billions) Top Ten Banks Other Noncommunity Banks Community Banks

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

Mar-2019 Sep-2019 Mar-2020 Sep-2020 Mar-2021 Sep-2021

Chart 10

Loan performance for other consumer loans improved throughout the pandemic.

Forbearance programs and changing consumer spending and savings behavior may

have kept delinquencies low. The other consumer loan noncurrent rate fell 20 percent

between the first and second quarter of 2020 but followed its typical seasonal pattern of

rising through the end of the year (Chart 11).9 The noncurrent rate improved further in 2021, 

and in fourth quarter 2021 the noncurrent rate was still down 22 percent from the fourth 

quarter 2019 level. In contrast, other non-credit-card consumer loan performance worsened 

during the last recession. Before 2011, auto loans were included in this category, so direct 

comparisons of loan performance during the Great Recession are not possible, but the share 

of non-credit-card consumer loans that were noncurrent began rising in fourth quarter 

2007 at the start of the Great Recession. The noncurrent rate for this loan category 

continued to rise through fourth quarter 2011, after the end of the Great Recession.

9 The noncurrent rate for combined bank and nonbank other consumer loans spiked down in second quarter 2020 

because of federally owned student loans. See the inset box on page 35 for more details on federal student loans.
2022   •   Volume 16  • Number 1

40 FDIC QUARTERLY

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019 2021

Other Consumer Loan Performance Improved at Community and

Noncommunity Banks in 2020 and 2021

Source: FDIC.

Note: Noncurrent loans are loans that are 90 days or more delinquent or in nonaccrual status. Before 2011, data for other consumer loans are not 

separately available, so the dashed lines show noncurrent rates for auto and other consumer loans combined (non-credit-card loans). Data are 

quarterly through fourth quarter 2021. Shaded areas indicate recession.

Share of Loans That Are Noncurrent

(Percent) Noncommunity Bank Other Consumer Loans

Community Bank Other Consumer Loans Noncommunity Bank

Non-Credit-Card Consumer Loans

Community Bank 

Non-Credit-Card Consumer Loans

Chart 11

Conclusion In contrast with trends in previous recessions, consumer lending continued during the 

pandemic and consumer loan performance remained strong, helped by government 

programs that supported individual incomes and forbearance programs. The economic 

recovery helped support consumer financial conditions even as these programs ended. 

In aggregate, household balance sheets are healthy and labor markets are strong. Despite 

record job losses, households have generally not taken on more consumer debt through the 

recession and recovery. Furthermore, banks tightened lending standards in the uncertain 

economic environment. While the outlook for consumer loan performance is strong, it 

remains dependent on pandemic conditions. If the pandemic worsens and causes more 

business shutdowns and reduced economic activity, household income may decline and 

consumer loan performance may deteriorate.

 Author:

Kathryn Fritzdixon

Senior Financial Economist

Division of Insurance and Research
FDIC QUARTERLY 41

Introduction The 2021 Summary of Deposits (SOD) Survey responses reflect the continued effects of the 

COVID-19 pandemic and funding from government stimulus programs, changing spending 

patterns, and the availability and use of electronic banking applications on deposit and 

branch levels.1 Total deposits at FDIC-insured institutions increased 10.7 percent during the 

most recent SOD reporting period (year ending June 30, 2021), down from the year-earlier 

rate, which was the highest growth rate on record since the 1940s.2 However, deposit 

growth was up from the pre-pandemic levels reported in 2019. Deposit growth rates were 

higher for community banks than for noncommunity banks on a merger-adjusted basis 

during the year ending June 30, 2021.3

Along with elevated deposit growth, the 2021 SOD survey responses reflect a record rate 

of decline in the number of branches. The number of branches of FDIC-insured depository 

institutions continued to decline across all census categories—metropolitan, micropolitan, 

and rural areas—with closures of noncommunity bank branches occurring at a rate higher 

than closures of community bank branches.

Total Deposits Continued 

to Grow at More Than 

Double the Pre-Pandemic 

Growth Rate

Total deposits increased 10.7 percent, from $15.5 trillion to $17.2 trillion, during the 2021 

SOD reporting period. While this growth rate is less than half the extraordinarily high 

growth rate reported in 2020, deposit growth was more than twice as high as it was before 

the beginning of the pandemic (Chart 1). The growth was widespread: deposits increased 

at community banks and noncommunity banks, banks in all SOD asset size groups, banks 

in all but one lending specialization (credit card lending), and banks across all census 

categories.4

Noncommunity banks, which hold a high share of the banking industry’s total deposits, 

nearly matched the industry’s total deposit growth rate, while the deposit growth rate for 

community banks exceeded that of noncommunity banks. The merger-adjusted deposit 

growth rate of 10.3 percent for noncommunity banks was twice as high as the rate reported 

in 2019 but less than half the growth rate reported in 2020 (Table 1). Deposit growth at 

community banks in the year ending June 30, 2021, remained elevated at 13.5 percent but 

was down slightly from the 16.6 percent growth rate on a merger-adjusted basis reported in 

the year ending June 30, 2020.

1 “Deposits” refers to deposits in branches of FDIC-insured institutions in the United States, U.S. territories, and U.S. 

possessions. U.S. branches of foreign institutions and their deposits are not included.

2 The FDIC’s 2020 Annual Report shows growth in domestic deposits of 26.2 percent in 1942, 24.2 percent in 1943, and 

46 percent in 1989, all of which are higher than the 21.7 percent deposit growth reported in the 2020 SOD survey. The 

high growth in 1989 is because 1989 was the first year in which deposits of institutions covered under both the Bank 

Insurance Fund and the Savings Association Insurance Fund were included in the domestic deposit totals shown in the 

Annual Report. According to FDIC Call Report data, if institutions covered under both the Bank Insurance Fund and 

the Savings Association Insurance Fund are included in the sum of total domestic deposits in 1988, deposit growth in 

1989 would be much lower at 2.9 percent. Given that growth in domestic deposits in 1989 was driven by this change 

in how deposit totals were reported, 1943 is the most recent year in which deposit growth was higher than the 2020 

SOD growth. Importantly, the Annual Report shows deposit totals as of December 31 of each year while the SOD survey 

reports deposit totals as of June 30 of each year, so year-over-year growth rates calculated based on these two sources 

would be close but not identical. See FDIC Annual Report 2020: 140, https://www.fdic.gov/about/financial-reports/

reports/2020annualreport/2020ar-final.pdf.

3 Community banks are defined by criteria in the FDIC 2012 Community Banking Study. The definition encompasses 

small banks and larger banks that focus on traditional lending and deposit-taking activities. See https://www.fdic.

gov/resources/community-banking/report/2012/2012-cbi-study-full.pdf. Merger adjustment is a way of excluding the 

effects of mergers from a growth calculation in order to measure the “organic growth” of a cohort of institutions. For 

example, in calculating one-year merger-adjusted deposit growth of community banks, deposits of community banks 

acquired during the year by noncommunity banks would be excluded from the prior year total for community bank 

deposits. For more information see Eric C. Breitenstein and Derek K. Thieme, “Merger Adjusting Bank Data: A Primer,” 

FDIC Quarterly 13, no. 1 (2019): 31–49, https://www.fdic.gov/analysis/quarterly-banking-profile/fdic-quarterly/2019-

vol13-1/fdic-v13n1-4q2018-article.pdf.

4 SOD bank asset size groups as discussed in this article are banks with assets greater than $250 billion; banks with 

assets between $10 billion and $250 billion; banks with assets between $1 billion and $10 billion; and banks with assets 

less than $1 billion. 

2021 SUMMARY OF DEPOSITS HIGHLIGHTS
2022   •   Volume 16  • Number 1

42 FDIC QUARTERLY

Deposits Continued to Grow in 2021, but the Growth Rate Was Lower Than in 2020

Source: FDIC Summary of Deposits, June 30, 2017, to June 30, 2021.

Total Deposits 

($ Trillion)

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

0

5

10

15

20

Percent

Total Deposits (Left Axis) Percent Change in Deposits (Right Axis)

Chart 1

Federal pandemic-related economic assistance programs supported deposit growth at 

FDIC-insured institutions during the year ending June 30, 2021. U.S. fiscal and monetary 

authorities continued to provide relief to Americans affected by the COVID-19 pandemic 

through additional economic impact payments, the Pandemic Emergency Unemployment 

Compensation Program, and the U.S. Small Business Administration Paycheck Protection 

Program between June 30, 2020, and June 30, 2021. Further, the Federal Reserve maintained 

low interest rates and continued to purchase financial instruments, including U.S. Treasury 

securities and mortgage-backed securities, to support the flow of credit to U.S. households 

and businesses and to promote financial stability throughout 2021.5 This funding, along with 

elevated savings rates, contributed to higher deposit balances at FDIC-insured institutions.6

Deposit Growth Remained Elevated for Community Banks but Moderated for Noncommunity Banks in 2021

2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Year-Over-Year Percent Change

All Banks 5.1 3.8 4.2 21.7 10.6 

Year-Over-Year Percent Change (Not Adjusted for Mergers)

Noncommunity Banks 5.5 4.3 4.5 23.9 10.4 

Community Banks 2.9 0.9 2.2 8.9 12.1 

 Year-Over-Year Percent Change (Adjusted for Mergers)

Noncommunity Banks 4.9 3.8 4.0 22.6 10.3 

Community Banks 6.1 4.7 5.4 16.6 13.5 

Source: FDIC Summary of Deposits, June 30, 2017, to June 30, 2021.

Note: Merger-adjusted figures for community banks depict the growth through time of the combined deposits of the June 30, 2021, cohort of community banks and the 

deposits of all the institutions they acquired since June 30, 2016; merger-adjusted figures for noncommunity banks are calculated similarly.

Table 1

5 See Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act: H.R. 748 Section 2107; Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic 

Security Act: H.R. 748 Section 1102; Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, “Paycheck Protection Program 

Liquidity Facility,” https://www.federalreserve.gov/monetarypolicy/ppplf.htm; U.S. Department of the Treasury, “Fact 

Sheet: The American Rescue Plan Will Deliver Immediate Economic Relief to Families,” https://home.treasury.gov/news/

featured-stories/fact-sheet-the-american-rescue-plan-will-deliver-immediate-economic-relief-to-families; Richard 

H. Clarida, Burcu Duygan-Bump, and Chiara Scotti, “The COVID-19 Crisis and the Federal Reserve’s Policy Response,”

Federal Reserve, June 3, 2021, https://www.federalreserve.gov/econres/feds/the-covid-19-crisis-and-the-federalreserves-policy-response.htm.

6 Total personal income increased in first quarter 2021, reflecting primarily an increase in government social benefits. 

Savings as a percentage of disposable personal income increased between second quarter 2020 and second quarter 2021. 

See U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, “Personal Income and Outlays, March 2021,” news release no. BEA 21-19, April 30, 

2021, https://www.bea.gov/news/2021/personal-income-and-outlays-march-2021.
FDIC QUARTERLY 43

2021 SUMMARY OF DEPOSITS HIGHLIGHTS

The Market Share of 

Deposits Held by the 

Largest Banks 

Continued to Grow

Banks in the largest asset size group (those with assets greater than $250 billion) continued 

to hold most of the banking industry’s deposits in the year ending June 30, 2021, despite 

year-over-year unadjusted growth rates among the asset size groups being volatile. 

Deposit growth was highest among banks with assets of $10 billion to $250 billion: total 

deposits for this group of banks increased 13.8 percent during the year ending June 30, 2021. 

Deposit growth for the smallest banks (those holding less than $1 billion in total assets) 

reversed a four-year declining trend, with a 3.9 percent year-over-year increase in total 

deposits. Banks with assets greater than $250 billion saw a mere 9.6 percent increase in 

deposits in 2021, up from 2020. This stands in stark contrast to the previous year when the 

largest banks saw a 41.2 percent increase.

Total deposits have grown over the past five years for each of the asset size groups in 

Table 2 except for the smallest banks (assets less than $1 billion). Deposits increased most 

for banks in the greater than $250 billion asset size group—71.7 percent between 2016 

and 2021. Banks with assets of less than $1 billion and banks with assets of $1 billion to 

$10 billion saw their share of total deposits decrease each year from 2017 through 2021, 

in sharp contrast with that of the largest banks. The largest banks continued to hold a 

majority share of total deposits in 2020 and 2021.

Large Banks Continued to Hold the Highest Share of Total Deposits

Percentage Change in Total Deposits 

Not Adjusted for Mergers

2016–2017 2017–2018 2018–2019 2019–2020 2020–2021 2016–2021

Assets Greater Than $250 Billion 4.7 2.0 3.9 41.2 9.6 71.7

Assets $10 Billion to $250 Billion 8.5 10.5 7.0 3.1 13.8 50.5

Assets $1 Billion to $10 Billion 2.5 –2.2 1.4 18.9 10.1 32.9

Assets Less Than $1 Billion –1.4 –4.1 –2.8 –0.7 3.9 –5.2

All Banks 5.1 3.8 4.2 21.7 10.6 53.0

Share of Deposits (Percent)

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Assets Greater Than $250 Billion 46.2 46.1 45.3 45.2 52.4 51.9

Assets $10 Billion to $250 Billion 32.4 33.4 35.5 36.5 30.9 31.8

Assets $1 Billion to $10 Billion 12.0 11.7 11.1 10.8 10.5 10.5

Assets Less Than $1 Billion 9.4 8.8 8.1 7.6 6.2 5.8

Source: FDIC Summary of Deposits June 30, 2016, to June 30, 2021. 

Table 2

Deposit Growth Was 

Widespread Across 

Census Categories

Total deposits increased for branches across all census categories—metropolitan, 

micropolitan, and rural (Table 3) in the SOD reporting period ending June 30, 2021.7

Branches in metropolitan areas continued to hold an overwhelming majority of deposits—

nearly 93.4 percent of total deposits. Over the previous five years, the share of total 

domestic deposits in metropolitan areas ranged from 92.7 percent in 2016 to a high of 

93.5 percent in 2021. Not surprisingly, deposits in metropolitan areas accounted for most of 

the increase in domestic deposits.

7 Counties are labeled metropolitan, micropolitan, or rural depending on whether they are in areas designated by the U.S. 

Census Bureau as Metropolitan Statistical Areas or as Micropolitan Statistical Areas. Metropolitan Statistical Areas have 

a core urban area with more than 50,000 inhabitants. Micropolitan Statistical Areas have urban clusters with 10,000 to 

50,000 inhabitants. All other areas are referred to as rural areas.
2022   •   Volume 16  • Number 1

44 FDIC QUARTERLY

Among census categories, total deposit growth was lowest in metropolitan areas 

(10.8 percent) during the year ending June 30, 2021. But deposit growth in metropolitan 

areas during the most recent reporting period was close to double the peak year-over-year 

growth (6.2 percent) reported between 2016 and 2019.

Total deposits in micropolitan areas have also grown rapidly since 2020. Increases in total 

deposits in micropolitan counties ranged from 2.3 percent to 3.4 percent between 2016 and 

2019 year over year, while total deposits in micropolitan counties increased 15.3 percent in 

2020 and 12.3 percent in 2021.

In rural areas, the deposit growth rate of 11.3 percent, during the year ending June 30, 

2021, was much higher than growth rates reported in previous years, which ranged from 

1.4 percent to 3.1 percent between 2016 and 2019. The deposit growth rate in rural areas 

was below that of micropolitan areas but higher than that of metropolitan areas during the 

most recent SOD reporting period.

The Deposit Growth Rate in Micropolitan Counties Rose Most Among Census Areas in 2021

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Metropolitan Total Domestic Deposits ($ Billions) 10,421.2 10,965.4 11,395.9 11,881.6 14,532.2 16,102.8

Year-Over-Year Percent Change 6.2 5.2 3.9 4.3 22.3 10.8

Micropolitan Total Domestic Deposits ($ Billions) 470.8 486.9 498.1 511.5 589.9 662.2

Year-Over-Year Percent Change 2.6 3.4 2.3 2.7 15.3 12.3

Rural Total Domestic Deposits ($ Billions) 349.6 360.3 368.3 378.8 422.6 470.5

Year-Over-Year Percent Change 1.4 3.1 2.2 2.9 11.6 11.3

All Total Domestic Deposits ($ Billions) 11,241.6 11,812.5 12,262.4 12,771.9 15,544.7 17,235.5

Year-Over-Year Percent Change 5.9 5.1 3.8 4.2 21.7 10.9

Source: FDIC Summary of Deposits June 30, 2016, to June 30, 2021.

Note: Data are not adjusted for mergers.

Table 3

Deposits Increased Across 

Banks of All Lending 

Specializations Except 

Credit Card Banks

Banks in all lending specializations except credit card lending reported an increase 

in deposits during the most recent SOD reporting period.8 Banks with a credit card 

lending specialization, the pool of which remained unchanged year over year, reported a 

4.4 percent decline in total deposits during the year ending June 30, 2021, compared with 

a 3.7 percent increase in deposits during the previous reporting period (June 30, 2019 to 

June 30, 2020). Despite a decline in growth from the previous year, deposits increased 

most—19 percent on a merger-adjusted basis—for banks with a mortgage lending 

specialization, followed by banks with a consumer lending specialization (16.4 percent) 

8 There are nine bank lending specializations (these groups are hierarchical and mutually exclusive): 

• International—Assets exceed $10 billion and more than 25 percent of assets are in foreign offices.

• Agricultural—Agricultural production loans and real estate loans secured by farmland total more than 25 percent of

total loans and leases.

• Credit card—Credit card loans and securitized receivables total more than 50 percent of total assets plus securitized

receivables.

• Commercial lending—Commercial and industrial loans, real estate construction and development loans, and loans

secured by commercial real estate total more than 25 percent of total assets.

• Mortgage lending—Residential mortgage loans and mortgage-backed securities total more than 50 percent of total

assets.

• Consumer lending—Residential mortgage loans, credit card loans, and other loans to individuals total more than

50 percent of total assets.

• Other specialized less than $1 billion—Assets are less than $1 billion. Loans and leases are less than 40 percent of total

assets.

• All other less than $1 billion—Assets are less than $1 billion, and the institution does not meet any of the definitions

above. There is significant lending activity with no identified concentrations.

• All other greater than $1 billion—Assets are greater than $1 billion, and the institution does not meet any of the

definitions above. There is significant lending activity with no identified concentrations.
FDIC QUARTERLY 45

2021 SUMMARY OF DEPOSITS HIGHLIGHTS

(Table 4). A merger between two depository institutions may affect loan portfolio 

composition. As a result, the merged institution may no longer meet the asset 

concentration thresholds that define a lending specialization, even if no underlying 

change in loan balances or strategies has occurred.

Mortgage Lending Specialists Reported the Highest Deposit Growth on a Merger-Adjusted Basis

Year-Over-Year Deposit Growth (Percent) Not Adjusted for Mergers

Lending Specialty 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Agricultural 4.5 3.8 1.9 1.6 -3.2 6.1

Commercial Lending 15.1 0.2 4.3 6.3 17.5 -0.2

Consumer Lending 15.1 26.1 -18.5 3.1 -40.7 19.9

Credit Card 0.6 -3.1 31.5 -4.3 0.0 -4.4

International 8.3 7.3 1.9 4.4 28.0 15.1

Mortgage Lending -6.6 -9.8 -2.2 -0.5 92.8 13.2

Other < $1 Billion -6.5 -13.2 -19.6 -5.4 1.0 79.0

All Other < $1 Billion -14.8 -6.6 -16.4 -7.7 14.6 41.9

All Other > $1 Billion -3.1 11.7 4.7 3.1 25.0 20.1

Year-Over-Year Deposit Growth (Percent) Adjusted for Mergers

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Agricultural 2.8 1.8 2.2 -12.0 6.5 12.7

Commercial Lending 1.5 5.1 5.0 4.1 6.9 11.1

Consumer Lending 33.4 -16.0 -0.5 -50.4 30.9 16.4

Credit Card 11.5 20.6 -4.4 4.7 3.7 -4.4

International 6.1 5.0 4.0 2.3 28.0 15.1

Mortgage Lending -8.1 1.9 -0.9 49.7 24.9 19.0

Other < $1 Billion -12.7 -21.0 -3.4 -10.9 79.7 15.4

All Other < $1 Billion -7.0 -15.2 -7.9 3.7 40.8 13.9

All Other > $1 Billion 12.3 6.0 4.0 5.4 36.3 8.3

Source: FDIC Summary of Deposits, June 30, 2016, to June 30, 2021.

Table 4

Total Number of Branches 

Declined at a Record Rate

Branch closures, net of openings, increased 3.7 percent (a net decline of 3,164 branches) 

during the year ending June 30, 2021 (Chart 2). This was the highest net percentage 

reduction in branches since at least 1987. The net branch closure rate was 1.6 percent 

(1,410 net branch closures) during the previous reporting period.9

The historically high rate of branch closures occurred even though the number of banks 

reporting branch openings outpaced the number of banks reporting branch closures. Of the 

4,940 banks that existed on both June 30, 2020, and June 30, 2021, 485 banks (9.8 percent) 

opened branches, 401 banks (8.1 percent) closed branches, and the number of branches 

owned by 4,054 banks (82.1 percent) remained unchanged.10

9 Offices acquired through mergers were closed at a slightly higher rate (6.2 percent) in the year ending June 30, 2021, 

compared with 4.6 percent as of the year ending June 30, 2020. 

10 The total number of banks reporting as of June 30, 2021, was 4,951, including ten de novo banks and one bank that sold 

most of its assets but retained a deposit insurance certificate. 
2022   •   Volume 16  • Number 1

46 FDIC QUARTERLY

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

Branch Closures Increased at a Higher Rate in 2021

Source: FDIC Summary of Deposits, June 30, 2016, to June 30, 2021.

Number Branch Closures (Left Axis) Percent Change From the Previous Year (Right Axis) Percent

Chart 2

The Number of Branches 

per Institution Declined

The number of branches per institution declined in the year ending June 30, 2021, as the 

number of FDIC-insured institutions fell from 5,066 to 4,950 and the number of branches 

fell from 84,972 to 81,808. An increase in deposits combined with a decrease in the number 

of institutions and branches drove increases in both average deposits per institution and 

average deposits per branch during the year ending June 30, 2021.

Although the number of branches per institution declined, this measure remains high after 

several years of growth (Chart 3). The decline in the number of institutions (18.3 percent) 

outpaced the decline in the number of branches (10.9 percent) between June 30, 2016, and 

June 30, 2021, resulting in an increase in the average number of branches per institution 

from 15.2 branches in 2016 to 16.5 branches in 2021 (Table 5).

0

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

120,000

1987 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012 2017 2021

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

2021 Ended a Decades-Long Trend of Increasing Numbers of Branches per Institution

Source: FDIC Summary of Deposits, June 30, 1987, to June 30, 2021.

Number Institutions Branches Branches per Institution Branches per Institution

Chart 3
FDIC QUARTERLY 47

2021 SUMMARY OF DEPOSITS HIGHLIGHTS

Branches per Institution Declined Slightly in 2021

Year

Number of 

Institutions

Number of 

Branches

Branches per 

Institution

Total Deposits 

($ Billions)

Deposits per 

Institution 

($ Millions)

Deposits per 

Branch 

($ Thousands)

2017 5,787 89,839 15.5 11,813 2,041 131,486 

2018 5,541 88,065 15.9 12,262 2,213 139,242 

2019 5,303 86,382 16.3 12,772 2,408 147,854 

2020 5,066 84,972 16.8 15,546 3,069 182,958 

2021 4,950 81,808 16.5 17,196 3,474 210,202 

Source: FDIC Summary of Deposits, June 30, 2017, to June 30, 2021.

Note: Data are not adjusted for mergers.

Table 5

Branch Closures Continued 

to Outpace Branch Openings 

in Metropolitan Areas

Among census categories, the number of branch closures was highest in metropolitan areas 

on a gross, proportional, and unadjusted basis (Table 6). While both noncommunity and 

community banks in all census categories reported net reductions in branches between 

2016 and 2021, the largest reduction in the number of branches occurred in metropolitan 

areas (11.6 percent). In metropolitan areas, community bank branches closed at a higher 

rate (14.2 percent) than noncommunity bank branches (10.6 percent).

In micropolitan areas, the five-year branch closure rate (2016 to 2021) was 9.7 percent. 

Unlike the pattern in metropolitan areas, in micropolitan areas, noncommunity 

bank branches closed at a rate higher than community bank branches. Branches of 

noncommunity banks in micropolitan areas closed at a rate of 11.1 percent, compared with 

an 8.7 percent closure rate for community bank branches.

In rural areas, branches closed at a rate of 6.7 percent in the five years ending June 30, 2021. 

As in metropolitan areas, community banks closed branches at a higher rate (7.2 percent) 

than noncommunity banks (5.5 percent).

The Number of Branches in All Census Groups Has Declined Over The Last Five Years

Census Group 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

% Change 

2016–2021

Metropolitan All Banks 72,889 71,213 69,731 68,301 67,200 64,451 –11.6

Noncommunity Banks 52,749 51,887 50,985 50,127 49,622 47,176 –10.6

Community Banks 20,140 19,326 18,746 18,174 17,578 17,275 –14.2

Micropolitan All Banks 10,129 9,931 9,755 9,592 9,452 9,145 –9.7

Noncommunity Banks 4,365 4,309 4,204 4,076 4,041 3,882 –11.1

Community Banks 5,764 5,622 5,551 5,516 5,411 5,263 –8.7

Rural All Banks 8,806 8,695 8,579 8,489 8,388 8,212 –6.7

Noncommunity Banks 2,409 2,389 2,311 2,293 2,310 2,277 –5.5

Community Banks 6,397 6,306 6,268 6,196 6,078 5,935 –7.2

All All Banks 91,824 89,839 88,065 86,382 85,040 81,808 –10.9

Noncommunity Banks 59,523 58,585 57,500 56,496 55,973 53,335 –10.4

Community Banks 32,301 31,254 30,565 29,886 29,067 28,473 –11.9

Source: FDIC Summary of Deposits June 30, 2016, to June 30, 2021.

Note: Data are not adjusted for mergers.

Table 6
2022   •   Volume 16  • Number 1

48 FDIC QUARTERLY

Branch Openings Were 

Most Prevalent in Texas 

in the Most Recent 

Reporting Period

Texas was home to the most branch openings (121) among all states; the metropolitan 

area reporting the most branch openings (Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land); and the 

second-highest number of metropolitan areas reporting branch openings (15) in the year 

ending June 30, 2021. The Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land (Houston) metropolitan 

area—which has a relatively low number of total branches (1,411) for a large metropolitan 

area—had the highest number of branch openings among all metropolitan areas 

(50 branches) during the most recent SOD reporting period (Table 7).

Branch opening activity was also prominent in the New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA 

(New York City) metropolitan area, which reported the second-highest number of branch 

openings and the highest number of branch closings among metropolitan areas during 

the most recent SOD reporting period. The New York City metropolitan area reported 44 

branch openings, with an equal number of branch openings (22) in the states of New York 

and New Jersey, and 257 branch closures for a net decline of 213 branches during the year 

ending June 30, 2021. The reduction in branches in the New York City metropolitan area was 

led by closures in New York County, New York (42 branches), Bergen County, New Jersey 

(27), and Nassau County, New York (23). Despite the net reduction in branches, the New York 

metropolitan area still had the largest number of branches (4,697) among metropolitan 

areas as of June 30, 2021 (Table 8).

The Houston Metropolitan Area Had the Highest Number of Branch Openings

Metropolitan Area Name

Number of Branches 

Opened

Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land, TX (Houston) 50

New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA (New York) 44

Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX (Dallas) 34

Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA-NH (Boston) 30

Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD (Philadelphia) 30

Source: FDIC Summary of Deposits, June 30, 2020, to June 30, 2021.

Note: Table depicts top five metropolitan areas ranked by number of branch openings.

Table 7

The New York Metropolitan Area Had the Highest Number of Branch Closures

Metropolitan Area Name

Number of Branches 

Closed

New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA (New York) 257

Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, IL-IN-WI (Chicago) 131

Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV (Washington) 116

Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA (Los Angeles) 114

Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Alpharetta, GA (Atlanta) 82

Source: FDIC Summary of Deposits, June 30, 2020, to June 30, 2021.

Note: Table depicts top five metropolitan areas ranked by number of branch closures. 

Table 8
FDIC QUARTERLY 49

2021 SUMMARY OF DEPOSITS HIGHLIGHTS

Of the metropolitan areas with the highest number of branch closures, only two areas 

had disproportionately high branch closures (in the sense that the area’s share of U.S. 

branch closures exceeded its share of U.S. branches). The share of branch closures in the 

Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV (Washington) metropolitan area and 

the Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Alpharetta, GA (Atlanta) metropolitan area both exceeded the 

share of total branches in these areas. In each area, however, one or two institutions drove 

the high number of closures. For example, branch closures in the Washington metropolitan 

area represented 3 percent of branch closings among all metropolitan areas nationwide 

while branches in this metropolitan area represented 2 percent of total branches in 

metropolitan areas nationwide. Of the 25 banks that closed branches in the Washington 

metropolitan area, two banks accounted for more than half (51 percent) of the 116 branch 

closures. Similarly, branch closures in the Atlanta metropolitan area represented 

2 percent of branch closures in metropolitan areas while branches in this area represented 

1.8 percent of branches in metropolitan areas nationwide. While 17 banks closed branches 

in the Atlanta metropolitan area, two banks were responsible for 62 percent of branch 

closures in this area.

Community Banks 

Continued to Serve 

Less-Populated Areas

Community banks continued to operate most of the branches in both rural areas and 

micropolitan areas. The share of community bank branches in micropolitan areas has 

increased over the past five years, up from 56.6 percent in the year ending June 30, 2017, to 

57.6 percent in the year ending June 30, 2021. Similarly, the share of branches operated by 

community banks in rural areas declined from 72.5 percent in the year ending June 30, 2017, 

to 72.3 percent in the year ending June 30, 2021.

Brick-and-Mortar Branches 

Led the Overall Reduction 

in the Number of Branches

The closings of brick-and-mortar branches—the most prevalent branch service type—

contributed most to the overall decline in the number of branches during the most recent 

SOD reporting period. As shown in Table 9, full-service brick-and-mortar branches 

represented more than 92.5 percent of all branches.11 Because of the large number of brickand-mortar branches, this group experienced the lowest percentage decline (3 percent or 

2,337 branches) among branch types during the year ending June 30, 2021. The proportion 

of brick-and-mortar branches increased slightly from 91.8 percent to 92.5 percent year over 

year despite the decline in the number of branches.

The rate of decline in the number of full-service retail branches, the second-largest 

category among branch service types, was the highest of all branch service types at 

16.8 percent. As a result, the proportion of full-service retail branches declined from 

4.7 percent of all branch service types to 4.1 percent of all branch service types. Home 

banking and limited-service branches declined at faster rates in 2021 when compared with 

closure rates reported in 2020, but the proportion of branches in this category remained 

relatively stable.

11 The number of brick-and-mortar branches was 75,674 as of the most recent reporting period, which, divided by the 

total number of branches (81,808), yields 92.5 percent. The SOD survey collects information on the service type of each 

branch

• full-service brick-and-mortar—locations owned or leased by a bank at which customers can open and close accounts,

apply for loans, deposit and withdraw funds, and receive other banking services

• full-service retail—full-service branches in a retail facility such as a store or supermarket

• home banking—full-service branches that customers can access on a website or by telephone

• limited-service—branches that exist for the sole purpose of cashing payroll checks or conducting administrative

services for the bank, or that accept deposits but do not provide any other services.

See pages 31-32 of the Summary of Deposits reporting instructions, https://www.fdic.gov/regulations/resources/call/

sod/sod-instructions.pdf.
2022   •   Volume 16  • Number 1

50 FDIC QUARTERLY

Full-Service Brick-and-Mortar Branch Closures Led the Overall Reduction in Branches 

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Full-Service, Brick-and-Mortar 83,236 81,760 80,425 79,054 78,011 75,674

Change, number –1,059 –1,476 –1,335 –1,371 –1,043 –2,337

Change, percent –1.3 –1.8 –1.6 –1.7 –1.3 –3.0

Full-Service, Retail 5,014 4,706 4,441 4,250 4,002 3,329

Change, number –247 –308 –265 –191 –248 –673

Change, percent –4.7 –6.1 –5.6 –4.3 –5.8 –16.8

Full-Service, Home Banking* 179 189 192 194 191 203

Change, number 0 10 3 2 –3 12

Change, percent 0.0 5.6 1.6 1.0 –1.5 6.3

Limited-Service Branches 3,395 3,184 3,007 2,884 2,768 2,602

Change, number –132 –211 –177 –123 –116 –166

Change, percent –3.7 –6.2 –5.6 –4.1 –4.0 –6.0

All Branches 91,824 89,839 88,065 86,382 84,972 81,808

Change, number –1,438 –1,985 –1,774 –1,683 –1,410 –3,164

Change, percent –1.5 –2.2 –2.0 –1.9 –1.6 –3.7

Source: FDIC Summary of Deposits, June 30, 2016, to June 30, 2021. 

Note: Data are not adjusted for mergers.

*Home banking branches are sometimes called “cyber branches” because they are typically accessed online. 

Table 9

Average Deposits per 

FDIC-Insured Institution 

and Branch Increased

Average deposits per institution increased 13.2 percent in the year ending June 30, 2021. 

This growth rate is slightly above the five-year (2016 to 2020) average growth rate in 

deposits per institution of 13.1 percent as lower growth rates in 2018 and 2019 offset the 

unprecedented growth rate in 2020. However, deposit growth per institution remains well 

above growth rates reported in 2018 and 2019.

Growth in average deposits per branch was higher than the five-year average growth rate, 

but lower than the growth rate reported during the year ending June 30, 2020. Average 

deposits per branch increased at an average rate of 10.2 percent between 2016 and 2020, 

and, in 2021, average deposits per branch increased 14.9 percent.

Most Counties in the 

United States Have at Least 

One Branch of an 

FDIC-Insured Institution

Branch locations are geographically widespread across the United States albeit with 

varying density, and most counties in the United States (98.6 percent) have a branch 

presence as of the most recent SOD reporting period. Unsurprisingly, the counties 

with no branch presence are sparsely populated, with populations ranging from 90 to 

approximately 8,100 residents.12 Of all U.S. counties, 19.3 percent have only a community 

bank branch presence. Texas and Kansas have the highest number of counties with only a 

community bank branch presence. Three out of four states have at least one county with 

only a community bank branch presence, underscoring the important role that community 

banks play in serving their communities.

12 References population estimates as of July 2020 from the U.S. Census Bureau. Population data are not available for all 

counties without a branch presence.
FDIC QUARTERLY 51

2021 SUMMARY OF DEPOSITS HIGHLIGHTS

Minority Depository 

Institutions Continued to 

Serve an Important Role, 

Supported by a MergerAdjusted Net Gain 

in Branches

Minority depository institutions (MDIs) play an important role in creating jobs, growing 

small businesses, and building wealth in low- and moderate-income communities.13

MDI banks and branches tend to support economic growth in low- and moderate-income 

communities. MDIs are primarily located in areas characterized by dense populations, with 

89 percent of MDI branches located in a metropolitan area. Like community banks, MDIs 

typically have smaller geographic footprints than noncommunity banks and rely on core 

deposits to fund loan growth. Most MDIs also met the FDIC’s definition of a community 

bank as of June 30, 2021.14 Of the 144 banking institutions identified as MDIs as of that date, 

122 met the FDIC’s definition of a community bank.

The number of branches operated by MDIs declined slightly during the most recent SOD 

reporting period. Collectively, MDIs operated 1,537 branches as of June 30, 2021, compared 

with 1,540 branches a year ago. This 0.2 percent decline in the number of branches operated 

by MDIs was far less than the 3.8 percent decline in the number of branches operated by the 

U.S. banking industry. The net decline in branches resulted from changes in MDI branch 

networks including 44 branch openings and 47 branch closures during the year ending 

June  30, 2021 (Table 10). Institutions designated as Hispanic MDIs reported the highest 

number of net branch closings. Black MDIs also reported a net decline in branches, as 

closings outpaced openings. Asian MDIs reported a net opening of branches and multiracial 

MDIs reported no change.

Hispanic Minority Depository Institutions Opened the Most Offices in the Past Year on a Merger-Adjusted Basis

Designation Number of Openings Number of Closings Net Openings/Closings

Not Adjusted for Mergers

Asian 34 17 17

Black 1 2 –1

Hispanic 3 28 –25

Native American 6 0 6

Multiracial 0 0 0

Total 44 47 –3

Adjusted for Mergers

Asian 11 17 –6

Black 2 1 1

Hispanic 28 18 10

Native American 2 0 2

Multiracial 0 0 0

Total 43 36 7

Sources: FDIC Summary of Deposits, June 30, 2020, to June 30, 2021, and FDIC MDI List.

Note: MDI is Minority Depository Institution.

Table 10

13 The FDIC’s Statement of Policy Regarding Minority Depository Institutions defines an MDI as a federally insured 

depository institution for which (1) 51 percent or more of the voting stock is owned by minority individuals, or (2) a 

majority of the board of directors is minority and the community that the institution serves is predominantly minority. 

See https://www.fdic.gov/news/board-matters/2021/2021-06-15-notice-sum-b-fr.pdf, Federal Deposit Insurance 

Corporation, Policy Statement Regarding Minority Depository Institutions (2002). For more information about MDIs, 

see FDIC, “2019 Minority Depository Institutions: Structure, Performance, and Social Impact,” https://www.fdic.gov/

regulations/resources/minority/2019-mdi-study/full.pdf.

14 Section 308 of the Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989 requires the Secretary of 

the Treasury and the federal financial institution regulatory agencies to consult on the best ways to achieve the goal of 

preserving minority ownership of MDIs, most of which are also community banks. For more information about section 

308 of the Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989, see https://uscode.house.gov/view.

xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title12-section1463&num=0&edition=prelim - Public Law 101–73, title III, § 308, 

Aug. 9, 1989, 103 Stat. 353, as amended by Public Law 111–203, title III, § 367(4), July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 1556, codified at 

12 U.S.C. 1463 note.
2022   •   Volume 16  • Number 1

52 FDIC QUARTERLY

Focusing on the MDIs in operation as of June 30, 2021, and adjusting for the effects of 

mergers provides a different perspective on the branching trends. After adjusting for 

the effects of mergers, MDIs increased the number of branches they operated, from 1,530 

to 1,537. For MDIs designated as community banks, the merger-adjusted increase in the 

number of branches operated was more pronounced, from 714 branches on a mergeradjusted basis as of the year ending June 30, 2020, to 745 branches as of the most recent 

SOD reporting period. Branch trends at MDI community banks thus differed from other 

community banks. On a merger-adjusted basis, community banks in total had a 0.3 percent 

reduction in branches. Non-MDI community banks had a 1.1 percent reduction in branches, 

but community bank MDIs had a 4.3 percent increase in branches.

Advancements in Technology 

Supported the Ability to 

Perform Bank Transactions 

Remotely

Various factors are likely contributing to the ongoing reduction in the number of branches. 

The growing prevalence of mobile banking, which increased in importance during the 

pandemic, may have played a role in the accelerated branch reduction rate reported in the 

year ending June 30, 2021.

While not all bank transactions can be performed remotely and access to banking services 

remains a challenge for underserved communities, many bank customers, businesses, and 

governmental entities have increasingly used online and mobile banking applications to 

conduct routine banking transactions. These platforms were particularly helpful during 

the pandemic to support social distancing. Bank customers are performing more bank 

transactions remotely, many banks that operate with no physical branch locations have 

reported elevated deposit growth in recent years, and the dollar amount and number of 

electronic funds payments continues to grow.

Bank customers are increasingly performing routine banking transactions using online 

or mobile banking applications. Results from the FDIC’s 2019 survey on household use 

of banking and financial services reflect a decline in the percentage of households that 

rely on bank tellers (from 28.2 percent to 21 percent) and an increase in the percentage 

of households that rely on mobile banking applications for bank account access (from 

9.5 percent to 34 percent) between 2015 and 2019.15 In addition, a survey of mobile banking 

application use conducted by S&P Global Market Intelligence in 2021 shows that more than 

half of mobile banking customers increased their use of mobile banking applications and 

reduced the number of branch visits during the pandemic.16 Further, according to S&P’s 

survey, since the beginning of the pandemic, many mobile application users took advantage 

of features such as peer-to-peer money payments and photo-based remote check deposit 

for the first time.

Although some banks operate home banking branches, also called cyber branches, and 

branches of other service types, some banks operate no physical branches. These banks, 

called “online-only banks” for this discussion, have reported strong deposit growth in 

recent years despite the absence of brick-and-mortar branches.17 As of June 30, 2021, the 

FDIC insured six online-only banks, and five (81.8 percent) were noncommunity banks. 

Deposits for these banks totaled $152.3 billion, an increase of 5.4 percent during the year 

ending June 30, 2021, and an increase of 18.6 percent compared with the pre-pandemic level 

(the year ending June 30, 2019).

15 FDIC, “How America Banks: Household Use of Banking and Financial Services, 2019 FDIC Survey,” https://www.fdic.

gov/analysis/household-survey/index.html.

16 S&P 2021 U.S. Mobile Banking Market Report.

17 Online-only banks are defined as banks that meet each of the following criteria: the bank does not belong to a 

multibank holding company; the bank operates only a main branch and no additional branches; and the main branch is 

listed as a cyber branch.
FDIC QUARTERLY 53

2021 SUMMARY OF DEPOSITS HIGHLIGHTS

The volume and number of automated clearinghouse (ACH) payments continue to rise as 

bank customers and governmental entities increasingly use remote banking applications 

to meet financial needs (Chart 4, Chart 5).18 The ACH network supports electronic funds 

payments to and from bank accounts, enabling customers to perform many routine 

banking transactions remotely. The number of ACH payments processed in first quarter 

2021 was the highest on record, with 2.7 billion payments processed, including 110 million 

economic impact payments distributed by the U.S. government. The level of ACH payments, 

including direct deposits, consumer bill pay, person-to-person, and business-to-business 

payments, has continued to trend upward over the past ten years. Compared with first 

quarter 2020, the number of ACH payments increased 9.9 percent (up 655 million) and total 

dollar volume of ACH payments increased 24.6 percent, including a 28.7 percent increase in 

business-to-business ACH payments.

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

The Number of Automated Clearinghouse Payments Continues to Rise

Source: Nacha.

Note: Data are totals from third quarter of the previous year to second quarter of the year shown.

Number of Payments 

(Billions) Percent

Payment Volume Percentage Change

Chart 4

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

The Volume of Automated Clearinghouse Payments Rose Sharply in 2021

Source: Nacha. 

Note: Data are totals from third quarter of the previous year to the second quarter of the year shown.

Payments 

(Trillions) Percent

Dollar Volume Percentage Change

Chart 5

18 All ACH payment data are derived from Nacha, formerly known as the National Automated Clearinghouse Association.
2022   •   Volume 16  • Number 1

54 FDIC QUARTERLY

The U.S. government delivers most of its payments to the public electronically using ACH 

or direct deposit payments, eliminating the need to visit a brick-and-mortar branch or 

automated teller machine to cash or deposit a physical check. These ACH payments include 

99.5 percent of federal salaries, 99 percent of Social Security benefits, 90 percent of tax 

refunds, and 79 percent of economic impact payments.19 The growth of ACH payments that 

flow directly into the banking system supports deposit growth in the banking industry in a 

way that does not depend on the number or location of physical branches.

Conclusion Total deposits in domestic branches of FDIC-insured institutions continued to grow at a 

rate that exceeded the pre-pandemic average but was lower than the extraordinarily high 

growth rate reported as of June 30, 2020. Continued government payments to consumers 

and businesses, and fiscal and monetary policy responses to the pandemic helped support 

the elevated deposit growth rate during the year ending June 30, 2021. Growth in total 

deposits was widespread, reflecting increased deposit holdings for community banks and 

noncommunity banks; banks of different asset size groups; banks with a wide variety of 

lending specializations; and banks in metropolitan, micropolitan, and rural areas.

The net number of branches nationwide continued to decline. Community banks not only 

continued to operate more branches than noncommunity banks in rural and micropolitan 

areas but also closed branches at slower rates in those areas. The relatively large presence 

of community banks in rural and micropolitan areas reflects the continued importance of 

community banks in serving local communities. MDIs, primarily a subset of community 

banks, continued to serve their communities as well. MDIs were among the few subgroups 

of the banking industry that reported a net merger-adjusted addition of branches during 

the most recent SOD reporting period. Bank customers have continued to use mobile and 

internet banking platforms and applications at an increasing rate to perform banking 

transactions, potentially reducing the need for physical branches.

Authors:

Caitlyn R. Kasper

Financial Analyst

Division of Insurance and Research

Camille A. Keith

Economic Analyst

Division of Insurance and Research

Erica J. Tholmer

Senior Financial Analyst

Division of Insurance and Research

Anthony M. Waltrich 

Economic Research Assistant

Division of Insurance and Research

19 For more information about direct deposits of government payments, see https://www.nacha.org/content/

government-affairs.