FDIC Quarterly

Quarterly Banking Profile:

Fourth Quarter 2014

Brick-and-Mortar Banking Remains 

Prevalent in an Increasingly 

Virtual World

2015, Volume 9, Number 1
Chairman Martin J. Gruenberg

Director, Division of Insurance Diane Ellis

and Research

Executive Editors Richard A. Brown

Maureen E. Sweeney

Managing Editors Matthew Green

Jack Reidhill

Philip A. Shively

Editors Clayton Boyce

Peggi Gill

Frank Solomon

Publication Manager Lynne Montgomery

Media Inquiries (202) 898-6993

The FDIC Quarterly is published by the Division of Insurance and Research of the Federal Deposit 

Insurance Corporation and contains a comprehensive summary of the most current financial results 

for the banking industry. Feature articles appearing in the FDIC Quarterly range from timely analysis 

of economic and banking trends at the national and regional level that may affect the risk exposure of 

FDIC-insured institutions to research on issues affecting the banking system and the development of 

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2015, Volume 9, Number 1

FDIC Quarterly

The views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect official positions of the Federal Deposit Insurance

Corporation. Some of the information used in the preparation of this publication was obtained from publicly available sources 

that are considered reliable. However, the use of this information does not constitute an endorsement of its accuracy by the 

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. Articles may be reprinted or abstracted if the publication and author(s) are credited. 

Please provide the FDIC’s Division of Insurance and Research with a copy of any publications containing reprinted material.

Quarterly Banking Profile: Fourth Quarter 2014

FDIC-insured institutions reported aggregate net income of $36.9 billion in the fourth quarter of 2014, down 

$2.9 billion (7.3 percent) from earnings of $39.8 billion that the industry reported a year earlier. The decline 

in earnings was mainly attributable to a $4.4 billion increase in litigation expenses at a few large banks. More 

than half of the 6,509 insured institutions reporting (61.2 percent) had year-over-year growth in quarterly 

earnings. The proportion of banks that were unprofitable during the fourth quarter fell to 9.4 percent from 

12.7 percent a year earlier. See page 1.

Community Bank Performance

Community banks—which represent 93 percent of insured institutions—reported net income of $4.8 billion 

in the fourth quarter, up $1 billion (27.7 percent) from one year earlier. The increase was driven by higher 

net operating revenue and lower loan loss provisions. In the fourth quarter of 2014, loan balances at 

community banks grew at a faster pace than in the industry, asset quality indicators continued to show 

improvement, and community banks accounted for 45 percent of small loans to businesses. See page 15.

Insurance Fund Indicators

Estimated insured deposits increased by 1 percent in the fourth quarter of 2014, and increased by 3.2 percent 

for all of 2014. The DIF reserve ratio was 1.01 percent at December 31, 2014, up from 0.88 percent at 

September 30, 2014, and 0.79 percent at December 31, 2013. Four FDIC-insured institutions failed during 

the quarter. See page 22.

Featured Article:

Brick-and-Mortar Banking Remains Prevalent in an 

Increasingly Virtual World

This paper chronicles long-term trends in the number and density of U.S. banking offices from 1935 to 2014. 

The study examines the effects that population trends, bank crises, changes in banking laws, and online and 

mobile banking have had on the number and density of banking offices, and explores the relationship between 

technology and brick-and-mortar bank offices. See page 37.

FDIC Quarterly 1 2015, Volume 9, No. 1

Quarterly Banking Profile Fourth Quarter 2014

Quarterly ROA Falls Below 1 Percent for 

First Time in 2 Years

Strengthening loan growth helped lift revenues at most 

banks, but higher litigation expenses at a few large 

banks and lower noninterest income from sales, securitization, and servicing of residential mortgage loans 

caused the industry’s fourth-quarter net income to 

fall below the level of a year earlier. A majority of 

banks—61 percent—reported improved quarterly 

earnings, while the proportion of unprofitable institutions fell to 9.4 percent from 12.7 percent in fourth 

quarter 2013. However, fourth-quarter net income of 

$36.9 billion was $2.9 billion (7.3 percent) less than in 

fourth quarter 2013, as the four largest banks reported 

year-over-year declines in quarterly net income totaling 

$4.1 billion. The average return on assets (ROA) fell to 

0.96 percent from 1.09 percent the year before. This is 

the first time in two years that the average quarterly 

ROA has fallen below 1 percent.

Most Banks Report Increased Revenues

Net operating revenue—the sum of net interest income 

and total noninterest income—increased by $923 million 

(0.6 percent) in the fourth quarter compared with fourth 

quarter 2013. Net interest income was $1.1 billion 

(1 percent) higher, while total noninterest income was 

$160 million (0.3 percent) lower. The increase in net 

interest income was attributable to growth in interestbearing assets, which increased 6.2 percent in the 

12 months ended December 31. Almost 71 percent of 

all banks reported higher net interest income than a 

year earlier. The average net interest margin in the 

fourth quarter was 3.12 percent, compared with 

3.27 percent in fourth quarter 2013 and 3.15 percent in 

third quarter 2014. The decline in noninterest income 

was primarily the result of a $1.6 billion (30.8 percent) 

drop in revenue from the sale, securitization, and servicing of residential mortgage loans. More than half of all 

banks (54.4 percent) reported higher noninterest 

income than the year-earlier quarter.

■ Fourth Quarter Net Income of $36.9 Billion Is $2.9 Billion Less Than 

a Year Earlier

■ Full-Year Earnings Fall $1.7 Billion, to $152.7 Billion

■ Increased Litigation Expenses, Reduced Mortgage Revenues Cause 

Decline in Profits

■ Quarterly Earnings at Community Banks Rise 28 Percent (see page 15)

■ Pace of Loan Growth Picks Up

■ “Problem List” Falls Below 300 for First Time Since 2008

INSURED INSTITUTION PERFORMANCE

Quarterly Net Income

All FDIC-Insured Institutions Billions of Dollars

Source: FDIC.

-$20

-$10

$0

$10

$20

$30

$40

$50

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

-6.1

-12.6

2009 2010

2.1

-1.7

17.4

20.9

23.8

21.4

28.7

2011

28.5

35.2

25.3

34.8

2012

34.4

37.5

34.5

2013

40.438.236.1

39.8

37.3

2014

40.138.536.9

Securities and Other Gains/Losses, Net

Net Operating Income

Chart 1 Chart 2

Unprotable Institutions and Institutions

With Increased Earnings

Percentage of All FDIC-Insured Institutions

Source: FDIC.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Percentage of Institutions With Year-Over-Year

Quarterly Income Growth

Percentage of Institutions With Quarterly Losses
FDIC Quarterly 2 2015, Volume 9, No. 1

Loss Provisions Rise for a Second Consecutive Quarter

For a second consecutive quarter, the amount that 

banks set aside for loan-loss provisions was higher than 

a year earlier. Loan-loss provisions totaled $8.2 billion 

in the fourth quarter, up $878 million (12 percent) 

versus fourth quarter 2013. Noninterest expenses were 

$4.9 billion (4.8 percent) higher, as itemized litigation 

expenses at a few of the largest banks were $4.4 billion 

more than the year-earlier quarter.

Full-Year Earnings Post First Decline in Five Years

Full-year 2014 net income totaled $152.7 billion, 

$1.7 billion (1.1 percent) less than the industry earned 

in 2013. This is the first decline in annual net income 

in five years. The full-year ROA was 1.01 percent, 

marking the third year in a row that annual ROA 

exceeded 1 percent. Reduced revenues from mortgage 

sales, securitization, and servicing (down $9.1 billion, 

or 35.1 percent), and increased litigation expenses 

(up $6.5 billion) were the main contributors to the 

drop in full-year earnings. Almost two out of every 

three banks (64 percent) reported increased earnings 

in 2014, but 7 of the 10 largest banks reported lower 

earnings. Although more than two-thirds of all banks 

reported higher net operating revenue, the industry 

total was essentially unchanged from 2013, as net 

interest income rose by $5.5 billion (1.3 percent), and 

noninterest income fell by $5.5 billion (2.2 percent). 

This is the first time in four years that annual net 

interest income has increased. Full-year loan-loss provisions were $2.7 billion (8.4 percent) lower in 2014. 

Noninterest expenses were $5.2 billion (1.2 percent) 

higher, as the higher litigation expenses were offset in 

part by a $3.5 billion (72.9 percent) reduction in goodwill impairment charges.

Net Charge-Off Rate Falls to an Eight-Year Low

Asset-quality indicators continued to improve in the 

fourth quarter, as net charge-offs (NCOs) posted a 

year-over-year decline for the 18th consecutive quarter. 

Fourth-quarter NCOs were $2.2 billion (18.3 percent) 

lower than in fourth quarter 2013. The largest improvements were in retail loan categories. Residential mortgage loan NCOs fell by $785 million (49.9 percent), 

while charge-offs of home equity lines of credit were 

$446 million (39.1 percent) lower, and credit card 

NCOs were $356 million (6.4 percent) less than in 

fourth quarter 2013. The average net charge-off rate 

in the fourth quarter fell to 0.48 percent, from 

0.62 percent a year earlier. This is the lowest fourth 

quarter NCO rate since 2006.

Noncurrent Loan Rate Falls Below 2 Percent

The amount of loans that were noncurrent (90 days 

or more past due or in nonaccrual status) declined for 

the 19th quarter in a row. During the three months 

ended December 31, noncurrent loan balances fell by 

$9.2 billion (5.4 percent). The biggest improvements 

occurred in real estate loan portfolios. Noncurrent 

residential mortgage balances fell by $5.3 billion 

(4.9 percent) during the quarter, while noncurrent 

nonfarm nonresidential real estate loans declined by 

$1.6 billion (9.4 percent), and noncurrent real estate 

construction and development loan balances declined 

by $887 million (15.1 percent). The percentage of 

total loans and leases that were noncurrent fell from 

2.11 percent to 1.96 percent during the quarter. This 

is the first time since the end of first quarter 2008 that 

the noncurrent rate has been below 2 percent.

Chart 4

Percentage of Institutions Reporting Year-Over-Year

Growth in Net Operating Revenue

All FDIC-Insured Institutions

Source: FDIC.

Percent

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Chart 3

Quarterly Net Operating Revenue

All FDIC-Insured Institutions

Billions of Dollars

Source: FDIC.

$0

$20

$40

$60

$80

$100

$120

$140

$160

$180

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 412 341 234 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Quarterly Noninterest Income

Quarterly Net Interest Income
FDIC Quarterly 3 2015, Volume 9, No. 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

The Industry Continues to Release Reserves

Insured institutions reduced their reserves for loan losses 

by $2.6 billion (2.1 percent) in the fourth quarter, as 

net charge-offs of $9.9 billion exceeded the $8.2 billion 

that banks set aside in loan-loss provisions. This is the 

19th consecutive quarter that the industry’s loss reserves 

have declined. At the end of 2014, reserves totaled 

$122.6 billion, the lowest since the end of first quarter 

2008. The ratio of reserves to total loans and leases fell 

to 1.48 percent at year-end, a seven-year low. Despite 

the reduction in reserves, the industry’s coverage ratio 

of reserves to noncurrent loans and leases improved for 

the ninth quarter in a row, rising from 72.9 percent to 

75.4 percent. This is the highest level for the coverage 

ratio since third quarter 2008.

Retained Earnings Are More Than Double the 

Year-Ago Level

Equity capital increased by $15.7 billion (0.9 percent) 

during the quarter. Retained earnings contributed 

$13.9 billion to capital growth, more than twice the 

$4.8 billion of a year earlier. Total risk-based capital 

rose by $20.3 billion (1.3 percent). At the end of 2014, 

98.6 percent of all insured institutions, representing 

99.8 percent of industry assets, met or exceeded the 

requirements for the highest regulatory capital category, 

as defined for Prompt Corrective Action purposes.

12-Month Loan Growth Rate Rises Above 5 Percent

Total assets increased by $204.4 billion (1.3 percent), 

as loan and lease balances rose by $149.4 billion 

(1.8 percent), holdings of U.S. Treasury securities 

increased by $59.9 billion (17.3 percent), and balances 

at Federal Reserve banks grew by $58.6 billion 

(4.4 percent). Loan growth was led by commercial and 

industrial (C&I) loans, which increased by $42.2 billion 

(2.5 percent); credit cards, which posted a seasonal 

$35.4 billion (5.2 percent) increase; nonfarm nonresidential real estate loans, which rose by $16.7 billion 

(1.5 percent); and real estate construction and development loans, which grew by $7.9 billion (3.4 percent). 

Loans to small businesses and farms increased by 

$2.9 billion (0.4 percent), as small C&I loans rose by 

$4.2 billion (1.4 percent). For the 12 months ended 

December 31, total loan and lease balances were up by 

5.3 percent, the highest 12-month growth rate since 

mid-year 2008. Eighty percent of the increase in 

Treasury securities and 85 percent of the growth in 

Federal Reserve balances in the fourth quarter occurred 

at banks with assets greater than $250 billion, which are 

subject to a new Liquidity Coverage Ratio rule.

Large Denomination Deposits Continue to Lead 

Growth in Liabilities

Deposits increased by $167.3 billion (1.4 percent) in 

the fourth quarter, as balances in domestic offices rose 

by $195.2 billion (1.9 percent), and deposits in foreign 

offices fell by $27.9 billion (2 percent). Most of the 

growth in domestic deposits occurred in accounts with 

balances greater than $250,000. Balances in these large 

denomination accounts increased by $158.9 billion 

(3.1 percent), while balances in domestic accounts of 

less than $250,000 rose by $50.3 billion (1 percent). 

Time deposits posted their largest quarterly increase 

since third quarter 2008, rising by $96.8 billion 

(6 percent). Nondeposit liabilities increased by 

$22.5 billion (1.1 percent), as banks increased their 

Federal Home Loan Bank advances by $21.1 billion 

(4.8 percent).

Chart 5

Quarterly Noninterest Income From Sale, Securitization,

and Servicing of 1-to-4 Family Residential Mortgage Loans

All FDIC-Insured Institutions Billions of Dollars

Source: FDIC.

8.0

7.3 7.4 7.5

8.6

4.7

5.3

3.5

5.0 4.8

3.7

8.8

$0

$1

$2

$3

$4

$5

$6

$7

$8

$9

$10

123412 341234

2012 2013 2014

Chart 6

Year-Over-Year Change in Quarterly Loan-Loss Provisions

All FDIC-Insured Institutions

Billions of Dollars

Source: FDIC.

-$35

-$30

-$25

-$20

-$15

-$10

-$5

$0

$5

1234 1234 1234 1234

-30.7

0.9

2011 2012 2013 2014
FDIC Quarterly 4 2015, Volume 9, No. 1

No New Charters Added in 2014

The number of FDIC-insured commercial banks and 

savings institutions reporting financial results fell to 

6,509 at year-end, from 6,589 at the end of September, and 6,812 at the end of 2013. During the fourth 

quarter, mergers absorbed 75 institutions, while four 

insured institutions failed. For the full year, there were 

274 institutions absorbed by mergers and 18 failures. 

This is the smallest number of bank failures in a year 

since 2007. In 2013, there were 24 failures. No new 

banks were chartered in 2014, marking the second 

time in the last three years that there have been no 

new bank charters. There were 2,047,879 full-time 

equivalent employees reported at year-end 2014, down 

761 from September 30, and down 20,840 from yearend 2013. The number of banks on the FDIC’s “Problem List” declined from 329 to 291 during the fourth 

quarter, and total assets of “problem” banks fell from 

$102 billion to $87 billion. The “Problem List” is at its 

lowest level since year-end 2008.

Author: Ross Waldrop, Senior Banking Analyst

Division of Insurance and Research

(202) 898-3951

Chart 9

Quarterly Change in Loan Balances

All FDIC-Insured Institutions Billions of Dollars

43

189

237

203

61 28

-6

-116-140

-109

-210

-133 -107

-7 -14

-126

67

24

-63

102

65

118

-37

74 70 91

38

178

51

149

221*

134

-$250

-$200

-$150

-$100

-$50

$0

$50

$100

$150

$200

$250

$300

1 2 341 2 3 4 1 2 3 412 341 2 3 4 1 234 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

2007 2008 2009 2010

Source: FDIC.

*FASB Statements 166 and 167 resulted in the consolidation of large amounts of securitized 

loan balances back onto banks’ balance sheets in the first quarter of 2010. Although the 

total amount consolidated cannot be precisely quantified, the industry would have reported 

a decline in loan balances for the quarter absent this change in accounting standards.

2011 2012 2013 2014

Chart 10

Number and Assets of Banks on the “Problem List”

Assets (Billions of Dollars)

Source: FDIC.

87

291

$0

$50

$100

$150

$200

$250

$300

$350

$400

$450

$500

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1,000

Number

Number of Problem Banks

Problem Bank Assets

Annual Net Income

All FDIC-Insured Institutions Billions of Dollars

Source: FDIC.

-$20

$0

$20

$40

$60

$80

$100

$120

$140

$160

$180

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

81.5 87.4

104.7

120.6 122.2

133.8

145.2

99.9

4.5

-10.0

85.5

118.4

141.1

154.4 152.7

Securities and Other Gains/Losses, Net

Net Operating Income

Chart 7 Chart 8

Noncurrent Loan Rate and Quarterly Net Charge-Off Rate

All FDIC-Insured Institutions

Percent

Source: FDIC.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Noncurrent Loan Rate

Quarterly Net Charge-Off Rate
FDIC Quarterly 5 2015, Volume 9, No. 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

TABLE I-A. Selected Indicators, All FDIC-Insured Institutions* 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008

Return on assets (%)������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 1.01 1.07 1.00 0.88 0.65 -0.

Return on equity (%)������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 9.03 9.54 8.91 7.79 5.85 -0.

Core capital (leverage) ratio (%) ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 9.46 9.40 9.15 9.07 8.89 8.

Noncurrent assets plus other real estate owned to assets (%) ������������������������������������ 1.20 1.63 2.20 2.61 3.11 3.

Net charge-offs to loans (%) ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 0.49 0.69 1.10 1.55 2.55 2.

Asset growth rate (%) ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 5.58 1.94 4.03 4.30 1.77 -5.

Net interest margin (%)��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 3.14 3.26 3.42 3.60 3.76 3.

Net operating income growth (%)����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� -0.43 12.83 17.81 43.56 1,594.54 -155.98

Number of institutions reporting������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 6,509 6,812 7,083 7,357 7,658 8,012 8,305

Commercial banks��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 5,642 5,876 6,096 6,291 6,530 6,840 7,087

Savings institutions ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 867 936 987 1,066 1,128 1,172 1,218

Percentage of unprofitable institutions (%)�������������������������������������������������������������������� 6.13 8.15 10.98 16.23 22.15 30.8

Number of problem institutions �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 291 467 651 813 884 702 252

Assets of problem institutions (in billions) ��������������������������������������������������������������������� $87 $153 $233 $319 $390 $403 $159

Number of failed institutions������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 18 24 51 92 157 140 25

Number of assisted institutions�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 0 0 0 0 0 8 5

* Excludes insured branches of foreign banks (IBAs)

TABLE II-A. Aggregate Condition and Income Data, All FDIC-Insured Institutions

(dollar figures in millions)  4th Quarter

2014

3rd Quarter

2014

4th Quarter

2013

%Change 

13Q4-14Q4

Number of institutions reporting������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 6,509 6,589 6,812 -4.

Total employees (full-time equivalent)��������������������������������������������������������������������������� 2,047,879 2,048,640 2,068,719 -1.

CONDITION DATA

Total assets��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� $15,553,660 $15,349,215 $14,731,284 5.

Loans secured by real estate���������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 4,170,832 4,136,122 4,065,706 2.

 1-4 Family residential mortgages �������������������������������������������������������������������� 1,842,131 1,838,272 1,829,850 0.

 Nonfarm nonresidential������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 1,150,052 1,133,309 1,109,351 3.

 Construction and development 238,587 230,646 210,132 13.

 Home equity lines��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 492,329 496,129 509,517 -3.

Commercial & industrial loans �������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 1,715,395 1,673,177 1,566,544 9.

Loans to individuals������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 1,418,259 1,382,425 1,353,299 4.

 Credit cards ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 718,467 683,022 691,394 3.

Farm loans��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 77,599 72,946 70,645 9.

Other loans & leases����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 929,376 897,347 838,819 10.

Less: Unearned income ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 1,991 1,922 1,895 5.

Total loans & leases ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 8,309,470 8,160,094 7,893,117 5.

Less: Reserve for losses����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 122,630 125,265 135,910 -9.

Net loans and leases����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 8,186,839 8,034,829 7,757,207 5.

Securities����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 3,219,058 3,166,177 3,001,760 7.

Other real estate owned������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 21,979 24,890 30,208 -27.

Goodwill and other intangibles ������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 360,214 363,942 368,318 -2.

All other assets�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 3,765,569 3,759,377 3,573,792 5.

Total liabilities and capital ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 15,553,660 15,349,215 14,731,284 5.

Deposits������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 11,763,885 11,596,584 11,192,129 5.

 Domestic office deposits���������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 10,367,939 10,172,706 9,791,027 5.

 Foreign office deposits������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 1,395,946 1,423,878 1,401,102 -0.

Other borrowed funds ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 1,387,688 1,393,691 1,311,851 5.

Subordinated debt��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 98,083 97,389 99,618 -1.

All other liabilities ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 561,780 534,016 472,983 18.

Total equity capital (includes minority interests)���������������������������������������������������� 1,742,224 1,727,535 1,654,703 5.

 Bank equity capital������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 1,734,848 1,719,110 1,643,415 5.

Loans and leases 30-89 days past due������������������������������������������������������������������������� 69,968 66,217 75,897 -7.

Noncurrent loans and leases ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 162,686 171,931 207,255 -21.

Restructured loans and leases �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 84,019 89,187 99,212 -15.

Mortgage-backed securities ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 1,728,580 1,718,438 1,673,882 3.

Earning assets���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 13,882,348 13,695,290 13,076,173 6.

FHLB Advances�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 464,272 443,155 406,163 14.

Unused loan commitments��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 6,478,463 6,435,169 6,120,553 5.

Trust assets��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 18,365,112 18,189,653 19,655,376 -6.

Assets securitized and sold ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 972,438 967,824 742,448 31.

Notional amount of derivatives��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 221,922,457 242,940,419 237,016,804 -6.

INCOME DATA

Full Year

 2014

Full Year

 2013 %Change

4th Quarter 

2014

4th Quarter 

2013

%Change 

13Q4-14Q4

Total interest income ������������������������������������������������������������������� $469,776 $470,430 -0.1 $119,029 $118,933 0

Total interest expense ����������������������������������������������������������������� 47,126 53,286 -11.6 11,549 12,536 -7

Net interest income �������������������������������������������������������������� 422,650 417,144 1.3 107,480 106,397 1

Provision for loan and lease losses �������������������������������������������� 29,739 32,456 -8.4 8,213 7,335 12

Total noninterest income������������������������������������������������������������� 246,723 252,220 -2.2 59,679 59,839 -0

Total noninterest expense ����������������������������������������������������������� 421,904 416,751 1.2 107,616 102,725 4

Securities gains (losses)������������������������������������������������������������� 3,201 4,473 -28.4 860 497 73

Applicable income taxes ������������������������������������������������������������� 67,493 69,699 -3.2 15,117 16,707 -9

Extraordinary gains, net�������������������������������������������������������������� -116 240 N/M 0 73 -99.

Total net income (includes minority interests)��������������������� 153,321 155,172 -1.2 37,073 40,039 -7

 Bank net income������������������������������������������������������������ 152,685 154,387 -1.1 36,919 39,820 -7

Net charge-offs���������������������������������������������������������������������������� 39,489 53,571 -26.3 9,852 12,062 -18

Cash dividends ���������������������������������������������������������������������������� 90,212 93,158 -3.2 23,016 35,041 -34

Retained earnings ����������������������������������������������������������������������� 62,473 61,229 2.0 13,903 4,778 191

Net operating income����������������������������������������������������������� 151,154 151,803 -0.4 36,439 39,676 -8

N/M - Not Meaningful
FDIC Quarterly 6 2015, Volume 9, No. 1

TABLE III-A. Full Year 2014, All FDIC-Insured Institutions

Asset Concentration Groups*

FULL YEAR

(The way it is...)

All Insured 

Institutions

Credit 

Card 

Banks

International 

Banks

Agricultural 

Banks

Commercial 

Lenders

Mortgage 

Lenders

Consumer 

Lenders

Other 

Specialized 

<$1 Billion

All Other 

<$1 Billion

All Other 

>$1 Billion

Number of institutions reporting����������������������� 6,509 15 3 1,515 3,222 553 52 374 708 67

Commercial banks������������������������������������� 5,642 12 3 1,496 2,912 166 41 335 618 59

Savings institutions ����������������������������������� 867 3 0 19 310 387 11 39 90 8

Total assets (in billions)������������������������������������ $15,553.7 $484.1 $3,735.9 $273.5 $4,878.1 $439.6 $176.0 $61.9 $129.

Commercial banks������������������������������������� 14,484.2 389.4 3,735.9 268.6 4,477.1 156.6 89.9 56.9 107

Savings institutions ����������������������������������� 1,069.4 94.7 0.0 4.8 401.0 283.0 86.1 5.0 

Total deposits (in billions)��������������������������������� 11,763.9 259.7 2,633.3 226.8 3,795.3 328.0 148.1 49.9 108

Commercial banks������������������������������������� 10,945.5 192.4 2,633.3 223.6 3,501.1 122.4 76.0 46.4 91

Savings institutions ����������������������������������� 818.4 67.3 0.0 3.2 294.2 205.5 72.1 3.5 

Bank net income (in millions) ��������������������������� 152,685 14,689 27,134 3,103 43,915 4,313 1,787 1,336 1,109 55,300

Commercial banks������������������������������������� 140,663 10,622 27,134 3,002 40,751 2,518 968 720 1,004 53,943

Savings institutions ����������������������������������� 12,023 4,067 0 101 3,164 1,795 819 616 105 1,356

Performance Ratios (%)

Yield on earning assets������������������������������������ 3.49 10.68 2.77 4.14 3.84 3.45 3.96 3.13

Cost of funding earning assets ������������������������ 0.35 0.83 0.37 0.48 0.41 0.67 0.47 0.38

Net interest margin������������������������������������ 3.14 9.85 2.41 3.65 3.43 2.78 3.49 2.74

Noninterest income to assets��������������������������� 1.63 5.01 1.68 0.62 1.18 1.00 1.37 5.68

Noninterest expense to assets������������������������� 2.79 6.63 2.58 2.52 2.85 2.17 2.61 5.12

Loan and lease loss provision to assets���������� 0.20 2.39 0.13 0.11 0.12 0.05 0.47 0.07

Net operating income to assets ����������������������� 1.00 3.22 0.74 1.15 0.93 0.95 1.05 2.16

Pretax return on assets ������������������������������������ 1.46 5.02 1.06 1.38 1.31 1.43 1.65 3.04

Return on assets����������������������������������������������� 1.01 3.22 0.74 1.17 0.94 0.96 1.05 2.21

Return on equity ����������������������������������������������� 9.03 20.87 7.83 10.30 7.79 8.10 10.78 15.32

Net charge-offs to loans and leases���������������� 0.49 2.81 0.73 0.13 0.24 0.21 0.62 0.33

Loan and lease loss provision to 

net charge-offs���������������������������������������������� 75.31 107.55 52.28 137.01 71.34 35.52 107.81 70.59 8

Efficiency ratio �������������������������������������������������� 61.88 46.32 67.64 62.66 65.42 59.51 54.46 62.32 7

% of unprofitable institutions���������������������������� 6.13 0.00 0.00 2.64 6.64 9.76 3.85 9.36

% of institutions with earnings gains���������������� 63.90 66.67 33.33 64.16 68.19 51.54 59.62 54.55 5

Condition Ratios (%)

Earning assets to total assets �������������������������� 89.25 92.17 86.95 92.40 90.19 94.12 96.70 91.04 9

Loss allowance to:

Loans and leases �������������������������������������� 1.48 3.13 1.85 1.40 1.28 1.14 1.15 1.85

Noncurrent loans and leases �������������������� 75.38 284.22 80.12 146.48 96.89 38.27 73.82 114.52 8

Noncurrent assets plus

other real estate owned to assets ���������������� 1.20 0.88 0.85 0.83 1.17 2.19 1.19 0.73

Equity capital ratio�������������������������������������������� 11.15 15.13 9.48 11.42 11.97 12.07 9.87 14.78 1

Core capital (leverage) ratio ���������������������������� 9.46 12.33 8.32 10.50 10.20 11.53 9.81 13.97 

Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio��������������������������� 12.96 12.33 12.63 14.52 12.83 21.43 13.82 31.51 2

Total risk-based capital ratio ���������������������������� 14.42 14.72 13.49 15.62 14.29 22.46 14.64 32.54 2

Net loans and leases to deposits��������������������� 69.59 144.30 47.81 76.51 86.99 82.52 83.73 33.76 6

Net loans to total assets ���������������������������������� 52.64 77.41 33.70 63.46 67.68 61.56 70.49 27.22 5

Domestic deposits to total assets �������������������� 66.66 51.66 45.71 82.94 77.27 74.58 84.18 79.77 8

Structural Changes

New reporters�������������������������������������������� 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Institutions absorbed by mergers ������������� 274 0 0 45 193 9 0 3 12 12

Failed institutions �������������������������������������� 18 0 0 1 13 2 0 0 2 0

PRIOR FULL YEARS

(The way it was...)

Number of institutions ������������������������������2013 6,812 16 4 1,532 3,378 588 55 405 772 62

��������������������������������������2011 7,357 18 4 1,545 3,769 732 59 377 790 63

������������������������������������� 2009 8,012 23 4 1,568 4,453 766 83 289 770 56

Total assets (in billions)����������������������������2013 $14,731.3 $590.9 $3,700.5 $261.6 $4,921.3 $486.9 $162.5 $62.8 $137.

��������������������������������������2011 13,891.4 538.7 3,456.4 215.7 4,086.2 825.4 97.2 56.1 138

������������������������������������� 2009 13,086.8 501.6 3,107.1 182.0 4,546.7 810.1 96.5 38.1 116

Return on assets (%)��������������������������������2013 1.07 3.35 0.86 1.15 0.91 0.98 1.15 1.93

��������������������������������������2011 0.88 3.49 0.74 1.11 0.63 0.56 1.68 1.92

������������������������������������� 2009 -0.08 -4.51 0.08 0.81 -0.43 0.65 0.33 0.74

Net charge-offs to loans & leases (%) �����2013 0.69 3.20 0.97 0.14 0.43 0.37 0.80 0.48

��������������������������������������2011 1.55 5.26 1.97 0.40 1.18 0.90 1.87 0.56

������������������������������������� 2009 2.52 9.77 3.07 0.65 2.02 1.24 2.74 0.78

Noncurrent assets plus 

OREO to assets (%)������������������������������2013 1.63 0.93 1.07 0.95 1.65 2.14 1.23 0.84

��������������������������������������2011 2.61 1.41 1.61 1.46 3.05 2.61 1.28 1.11

������������������������������������� 2009 3.37 2.40 2.75 1.55 3.87 3.17 1.45 0.69

Equity capital ratio (%)������������������������������2013 11.16 14.73 9.28 10.97 11.79 11.62 9.51 13.50 1

��������������������������������������2011 11.16 15.11 8.89 11.22 11.69 10.39 9.82 14.51 1

������������������������������������� 2009 10.88 21.49 8.75 10.95 10.48 9.48 11.15 17.74 1

* See Table V-A (page 10) for explanations

Note: Blue font identifies data that are also presented in the prior years’ data at the bottom of the table
FDIC Quarterly 7 2015, Volume 9, No. 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

TABLE III-A. Full Year 2014, All FDIC-Insured Institutions 

Asset Size Distribution Geographic Regions*

FULL YEAR

(The way it is...)

All Insured 

Institutions

Less Than 

$100 

Million

$100 

Million to 

$1 Billion

$1 Billion 

to 

$10 Billion

Greater 

Than 

$10 Billion New York Atlanta Chicago

Kansas 

City Dallas

San 

Francisco

Number of institutions reporting����������������������������� 6,509 1,872 3,956 574 107 807 812 1,406 1,599 1,372 513

Commercial banks������������������������������������������� 5,642 1,645 3,439 467 91 449 735 1,176 1,530 1,282 470

Savings institutions ����������������������������������������� 867 227 517 107 16 358 77 230 69 90 43

Total assets (in billions)������������������������������������������ $15,553.7 $109.8 $1,232.0 $1,576.4 $12,635.4 $2,956.0 $3,217.9 $3,595.8 $3,404.4 $904

Commercial banks������������������������������������������� 14,484.2 96.8 1,045.3 1,288.1 12,054.1 2,488.9 3,131.2 3,489.7 3,344.7 79

Savings institutions ����������������������������������������� 1,069.4 13.1 186.7 288.3 581.3 467.1 86.8 106.1 59.7 

Total deposits (in billions)��������������������������������������� 11,763.9 92.5 1,024.3 1,227.9 9,419.3 2,180.6 2,477.2 2,634.6 2,567.0 75

Commercial banks������������������������������������������� 10,945.5 82.3 876.8 1,013.0 8,973.5 1,841.5 2,412.5 2,555.0 2,520.3 

Savings institutions ����������������������������������������� 818.4 10.2 147.5 214.9 445.8 339.0 64.6 79.5 46.8

Bank net income (in millions) ��������������������������������� 152,685 864 12,032 16,538 123,251 24,056 32,087 30,462 35,362 10,063 20,656

Commercial banks������������������������������������������� 140,663 754 10,366 14,195 115,348 21,016 31,375 29,378 34,869 8,743 15,282

Savings institutions ����������������������������������������� 12,023 110 1,667 2,343 7,903 3,040 712 1,084 493 1,320 5,374

Performance Ratios (%)

Yield on earning assets������������������������������������������ 3.49 4.13 4.19 4.19 3.33 3.51 3.65 2.76 3.7

Cost of funding earning assets ������������������������������ 0.35 0.47 0.50 0.43 0.32 0.42 0.28 0.28 0.3

Net interest margin������������������������������������������ 3.14 3.66 3.69 3.76 3.00 3.09 3.37 2.47 3.3

Noninterest income to assets��������������������������������� 1.63 1.13 1.10 1.21 1.74 1.49 1.62 1.82 1.4

Noninterest expense to assets������������������������������� 2.79 3.45 3.16 3.00 2.73 2.74 2.97 2.68 2.6

Loan and lease loss provision to assets���������������� 0.20 0.11 0.12 0.17 0.21 0.27 0.23 0.10 0.1

Net operating income to assets ����������������������������� 1.00 0.78 0.98 1.08 1.00 0.83 0.97 0.88 1.0

Pretax return on assets ������������������������������������������ 1.46 0.93 1.26 1.49 1.48 1.23 1.44 1.22 1.5

Return on assets����������������������������������������������������� 1.01 0.80 1.00 1.08 1.00 0.84 1.00 0.88 1.0

Return on equity ����������������������������������������������������� 9.03 6.54 9.08 9.12 9.04 7.03 8.16 8.96 10.31 

Net charge-offs to loans and leases���������������������� 0.49 0.23 0.22 0.27 0.56 0.55 0.53 0.36 0.6

Loan and lease loss provision to 

net charge-offs���������������������������������������������������� 75.31 86.89 85.17 92.08 73.46 94.26 72.59 64.50 52.66 9

Efficiency ratio �������������������������������������������������������� 61.88 76.92 69.73 63.55 60.74 62.53 63.75 66.36 59.38 

% of unprofitable institutions���������������������������������� 6.13 11.38 4.35 2.26 0.93 7.81 9.61 7.54 3.7

% of institutions with earnings gains���������������������� 63.90 58.17 66.15 67.07 63.55 59.23 65.27 60.24 65.60 

Condition Ratios (%)

Earning assets to total assets ��������������������������������� 89.25 91.66 92.49 91.70 88.61 89.27 88.27 88.67 88.62 

Loss allowance to:

Loans and leases ��������������������������������������������� 1.48 1.54 1.44 1.37 1.50 1.36 1.52 1.57 1.5

Noncurrent loans and leases ��������������������������� 75.38 101.34 106.32 84.79 71.47 92.44 65.88 71.64 62.15 9

Noncurrent assets plus

other real estate owned to assets ����������������������� 1.20 1.46 1.38 1.41 1.15 0.89 1.55 1.11 1.4

Equity capital ratio��������������������������������������������������� 11.15 12.30 11.21 11.91 11.04 11.83 12.45 9.81 10.21 

Core capital (leverage) ratio ����������������������������������� 9.46 11.99 10.80 10.63 9.15 9.55 9.70 8.73 8.93 

Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio���������������������������������� 12.96 19.56 15.75 14.36 12.48 13.40 12.94 12.21 12.25 

Total risk-based capital ratio ����������������������������������� 14.42 20.65 16.89 15.45 14.01 15.09 14.60 13.35 13.85 

Net loans and leases to deposits���������������������������� 69.59 67.40 77.13 85.72 66.69 71.32 75.24 60.01 67.37 

Net loans to total assets ����������������������������������������� 52.64 56.74 64.12 66.77 49.72 52.61 57.92 43.97 50.80 

Domestic deposits to total assets ��������������������������� 66.66 84.18 83.08 77.52 63.55 65.41 74.28 61.90 56.84 

Structural Changes

New reporters�������������������������������������������������� 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Institutions absorbed by mergers ������������������� 274 87 162 22 3 26 46 60 58 57 27

Failed institutions �������������������������������������������� 18 10 8 0 0 3 4 6 1 2 2

PRIOR FULL YEARS

(The way it was...)

Number of institutions ������������������������������������2013 6,812 2,056 4,090 559 107 840 869 1,470 1,659 1,431 543

��������������������������������������������2011 7,357 2,415 4,284 551 107 915 957 1,552 1,773 1,542 618

������������������������������������������� 2009 8,012 2,848 4,492 565 107 986 1,121 1,647 1,879 1,660 719

Total assets (in billions)����������������������������������2013 $14,731.3 $119.7 $1,246.1 $1,468.7 $11,896.8 $2,927.3 $2,998.8 $3,376.9 $3,223.2 $870

��������������������������������������������2011 13,891.4 138.7 1,279.9 1,410.9 11,061.8 2,864.6 2,942.8 3,184.5 2,918.2 81

������������������������������������������� 2009 13,086.8 158.9 1,354.4 1,461.4 10,112.1 2,567.2 3,427.3 2,934.4 1,145.6 78

Return on assets (%)��������������������������������������2013 1.07 0.70 0.91 1.16 1.07 0.88 0.98 0.95 1.2

��������������������������������������������2011 0.88 0.52 0.56 0.79 0.93 1.01 0.52 0.78 0.9

������������������������������������������� 2009 -0.08 -0.05 -0.10 -0.37 -0.03 -0.83 0.01 0.18 0.76

Net charge-offs to loans & leases (%) �����������2013 0.69 0.35 0.36 0.41 0.78 0.93 0.66 0.49 0.8

��������������������������������������������2011 1.55 0.62 0.90 1.18 1.72 1.86 1.66 1.19 1.8

������������������������������������������� 2009 2.52 0.88 1.25 1.91 2.87 2.76 2.29 2.36 2.4

Noncurrent assets plus 

OREO to assets (%)������������������������������������2013 1.63 1.75 1.81 1.89 1.57 1.12 2.23 1.47 1.9

��������������������������������������������2011 2.61 2.34 3.01 3.13 2.50 1.78 3.84 2.31 2.7

������������������������������������������� 2009 3.37 2.24 3.29 3.58 3.36 2.33 4.16 3.20 4.2

Equity capital ratio (%)������������������������������������2013 11.16 11.68 10.78 11.80 11.11 12.02 12.19 9.66 10.43 

��������������������������������������������2011 11.16 11.83 10.65 11.73 11.14 12.26 11.98 8.68 11.12 

������������������������������������������� 2009 10.88 11.96 9.86 10.72 11.02 12.53 11.66 8.59 10.70 

* See Table V-A (page 11) for explanations

Note: Blue font identifies data that are also presented in the prior years’ data at the bottom of the table
FDIC Quarterly 8 2015, Volume 9, No. 1

TABLE IV-A. Fourth Quarter 2014, All FDIC-Insured Institutions

Asset Concentration Groups*

FOURTH QUARTER

(The way it is...)

All Insured 

Institutions

Credit 

Card 

Banks

International 

Banks

Agricultural 

Banks

Commercial 

Lenders

Mortgage 

Lenders

Consumer 

Lenders

Other 

Specialized 

<$1 Billion

All Other 

<$1 Billion

All Other 

>$1 Billion

Number of institutions reporting����������������������� 6,509 15 3 1,515 3,222 553 52 374 708 67

Commercial banks������������������������������������� 5,642 12 3 1,496 2,912 166 41 335 618 59

Savings institutions ����������������������������������� 867 3 0 19 310 387 11 39 90 8

Total assets (in billions)������������������������������������ $15,553.7 $484.1 $3,735.9 $273.5 $4,878.1 $439.6 $176.0 $61.9 $129.

Commercial banks������������������������������������� 14,484.2 389.4 3,735.9 268.6 4,477.1 156.6 89.9 56.9 107

Savings institutions ����������������������������������� 1,069.4 94.7 0.0 4.8 401.0 283.0 86.1 5.0 

Total deposits (in billions)��������������������������������� 11,763.9 259.7 2,633.3 226.8 3,795.3 328.0 148.1 49.9 108

Commercial banks������������������������������������� 10,945.5 192.4 2,633.3 223.6 3,501.1 122.4 76.0 46.4 91

Savings institutions ����������������������������������� 818.4 67.3 0.0 3.2 294.2 205.5 72.1 3.5 

Bank net income (in millions) ��������������������������� 36,919 3,702 4,830 741 11,554 997 403 382 267 14,044

Commercial banks������������������������������������� 33,772 2,592 4,830 721 10,724 552 220 190 245 13,696

Savings institutions ����������������������������������� 3,147 1,110 0 20 830 445 182 192 21 348

Performance Ratios (annualized, %)

Yield on earning assets������������������������������������ 3.46 10.59 2.73 4.17 3.81 3.39 4.05 3.10

Cost of funding earning assets ������������������������ 0.34 0.83 0.33 0.47 0.41 0.69 0.46 0.37

Net interest margin������������������������������������ 3.12 9.76 2.39 3.70 3.40 2.70 3.58 2.72

Noninterest income to assets��������������������������� 1.55 4.95 1.46 0.63 1.20 1.01 1.32 6.41

Noninterest expense to assets������������������������� 2.79 6.68 2.66 2.65 2.85 2.26 2.75 5.45

Loan and lease loss provision to assets���������� 0.21 2.54 0.17 0.14 0.12 0.01 0.57 0.06

Net operating income to assets ����������������������� 0.94 3.08 0.51 1.08 0.95 0.86 0.93 2.43

Pretax return on assets ������������������������������������ 1.35 4.71 0.72 1.29 1.31 1.35 1.46 3.44

Return on assets����������������������������������������������� 0.96 3.08 0.52 1.10 0.96 0.91 0.93 2.49

Return on equity ����������������������������������������������� 8.56 20.43 5.48 9.55 7.97 7.54 9.36 16.89

Net charge-offs to loans and leases���������������� 0.48 2.74 0.73 0.19 0.24 0.12 0.65 0.45

Loan and lease loss provision to 

net charge-offs���������������������������������������������� 83.37 118.44 69.08 114.60 73.61 16.59 122.69 49.88 7

Efficiency ratio �������������������������������������������������� 63.46 47.25 74.50 64.95 65.96 63.13 56.93 61.09 7

% of unprofitable institutions���������������������������� 9.37 0.00 0.00 7.72 8.91 12.48 5.77 14.17 

% of institutions with earnings gains���������������� 61.22 80.00 33.33 58.09 65.64 54.43 57.69 54.55 5

Structural Changes

New reporters�������������������������������������������� 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Institutions absorbed by mergers ������������� 75 0 0 8 54 3 0 1 5 4

Failed institutions �������������������������������������� 4 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0

PRIOR FOURTH QUARTERS

(The way it was...)

Return on assets (%)��������������������������������2013 1.09 3.65 0.92 1.08 0.96 0.96 0.91 2.18

��������������������������������������2011 0.73 3.13 0.60 1.04 0.38 0.48 1.39 2.11

������������������������������������� 2009 -0.05 0.53 0.29 0.54 -0.84 0.65 0.32 1.25

Net charge-offs to loans & leases (%) �����2013 0.62 3.09 0.81 0.20 0.38 0.28 0.88 0.66

��������������������������������������2011 1.38 4.34 1.72 0.51 1.12 0.90 1.88 0.65

������������������������������������� 2009 3.00 9.50 3.59 1.04 2.59 1.34 2.66 0.77

* See Table V-A (page 10) for explanations

Note: Blue font identifies data that are also presented in the prior quarters’ data at the bottom of the table
FDIC Quarterly 9 2015, Volume 9, No. 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

TABLE IV-A. Fourth Quarter 2014, All FDIC-Insured Institutions 

Asset Size Distribution Geographic Regions*

FOURTH QUARTER

(The way it is...)

All Insured 

Institutions

Less Than 

$100 

Million

$100 

Million to 

$1 Billion

$1 Billion 

to 

$10 Billion

Greater 

Than 

$10 Billion New York Atlanta Chicago

Kansas 

City Dallas

San 

Francisco

Number of institutions reporting����������������������������� 6,509 1,872 3,956 574 107 807 812 1,406 1,599 1,372 513

Commercial banks������������������������������������������� 5,642 1,645 3,439 467 91 449 735 1,176 1,530 1,282 470

Savings institutions ����������������������������������������� 867 227 517 107 16 358 77 230 69 90 43

Total assets (in billions)������������������������������������������ $15,553.7 $109.8 $1,232.0 $1,576.4 $12,635.4 $2,956.0 $3,217.9 $3,595.8 $3,404.4 $904

Commercial banks������������������������������������������� 14,484.2 96.8 1,045.3 1,288.1 12,054.1 2,488.9 3,131.2 3,489.7 3,344.7 79

Savings institutions ����������������������������������������� 1,069.4 13.1 186.7 288.3 581.3 467.1 86.8 106.1 59.7 

Total deposits (in billions)��������������������������������������� 11,763.9 92.5 1,024.3 1,227.9 9,419.3 2,180.6 2,477.2 2,634.6 2,567.0 75

Commercial banks������������������������������������������� 10,945.5 82.3 876.8 1,013.0 8,973.5 1,841.5 2,412.5 2,555.0 2,520.3 

Savings institutions ����������������������������������������� 818.4 10.2 147.5 214.9 445.8 339.0 64.6 79.5 46.8

Bank net income (in millions) ��������������������������������� 36,919 190 3,128 4,199 29,403 6,209 8,150 7,450 7,314 2,500 5,297

Commercial banks������������������������������������������� 33,772 164 2,668 3,600 27,339 5,435 7,984 7,111 7,196 2,206 3,841

Savings institutions ����������������������������������������� 3,147 25 460 599 2,064 775 165 339 118 294 1,456

Performance Ratios (annualized, %)

Yield on earning assets������������������������������������������ 3.46 4.17 4.22 4.21 3.27 3.49 3.56 2.71 3.6

Cost of funding earning assets ������������������������������ 0.34 0.46 0.49 0.43 0.31 0.42 0.26 0.27 0.3

Net interest margin������������������������������������������ 3.12 3.71 3.73 3.78 2.97 3.06 3.30 2.45 3.3

Noninterest income to assets��������������������������������� 1.55 1.16 1.16 1.21 1.63 1.42 1.47 1.69 1.3

Noninterest expense to assets������������������������������� 2.79 3.67 3.24 3.08 2.70 2.70 2.82 2.65 2.8

Loan and lease loss provision to assets���������������� 0.21 0.12 0.13 0.18 0.23 0.27 0.22 0.11 0.2

Net operating income to assets ����������������������������� 0.94 0.68 1.00 1.07 0.92 0.84 0.98 0.84 0.8

Pretax return on assets ������������������������������������������ 1.35 0.79 1.27 1.42 1.35 1.20 1.38 1.10 1.3

Return on assets����������������������������������������������������� 0.96 0.69 1.03 1.08 0.94 0.85 1.01 0.84 0.8

Return on equity ����������������������������������������������������� 8.56 5.63 9.14 9.04 8.46 7.13 8.17 8.51 8.43 

Net charge-offs to loans and leases���������������������� 0.48 0.28 0.30 0.25 0.54 0.51 0.49 0.38 0.6

Loan and lease loss provision to 

net charge-offs���������������������������������������������������� 83.37 73.01 67.89 110.19 82.46 101.83 76.68 65.38 65.03 9

Efficiency ratio �������������������������������������������������������� 63.46 80.36 70.09 65.12 62.38 63.86 63.17 68.25 64.09 

% of unprofitable institutions���������������������������������� 9.37 18.22 6.17 4.36 0.00 9.79 13.42 9.74 7.88

% of institutions with earnings gains���������������������� 61.22 55.66 63.04 65.85 66.36 56.88 64.53 59.03 61.66 

Structural Changes

New reporters�������������������������������������������������� 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Institutions absorbed by mergers ������������������� 75 18 52 4 1 8 8 20 15 17 7

Failed institutions �������������������������������������������� 4 2 2 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1

PRIOR FOURTH QUARTERS

(The way it was...)

Return on assets (%)��������������������������������������2013 1.09 0.59 0.88 1.07 1.12 1.05 0.86 1.06 1.2

��������������������������������������������2011 0.73 0.30 0.40 0.60 0.79 0.83 0.25 0.69 0.8

������������������������������������������� 2009 -0.05 -0.51 -0.67 -0.57 0.11 0.16 -0.41 0.06 0.77

Net charge-offs to loans & leases (%) �����������2013 0.62 0.44 0.41 0.38 0.68 0.80 0.59 0.46 0.7

��������������������������������������������2011 1.38 0.78 1.09 1.22 1.46 1.55 1.45 1.21 1.5

������������������������������������������� 2009 3.00 1.23 1.99 2.42 3.32 2.96 2.78 2.98 2.7

* See Table V-A (page 11) for explanations

Note: Blue font identifies data that are also presented in the prior quarters’ data at the bottom of the table
FDIC Quarterly 10 2015, Volume 9, No. 1

TABLE V-A. Loan Performance, All FDIC-Insured Institutions

Asset Concentration Groups*

December 31, 2014 All Insured 

Institutions

Credit 

Card 

Banks

International 

Banks

Agricultural 

Banks

Commercial 

Lenders

Mortgage 

Lenders

Consumer 

Lenders

Other 

Specialized 

<$1 Billion

All Other 

<$1 

Billion

All Other 

>$1 

Billion

Percent of Loans 30-89 Days Past Due

All loans secured by real estate ��������������������������������������� 1.01 0.13 1.58 0.66 0.62 1.09 0.68 1.55

Construction and development��������������������������������� 0.48 0.00 0.87 0.83 0.40 0.68 1.00 1.59

Nonfarm nonresidential��������������������������������������������� 0.34 0.00 0.49 0.51 0.33 0.38 0.86 0.94

Multifamily residential real estate ����������������������������� 0.19 0.00 0.20 0.25 0.18 0.22 0.57 0.76

Home equity loans����������������������������������������������������� 0.70 0.67 1.03 0.45 0.56 0.70 0.46 0.33

Other 1-4 family residential��������������������������������������� 1.77 0.13 2.55 1.33 1.16 1.22 0.73 2.24

Commercial and industrial loans ������������������������������������� 0.26 0.85 0.35 0.76 0.22 0.53 0.17 1.29

Loans to individuals���������������������������������������������������������� 1.34 1.20 1.35 1.51 1.23 1.07 0.77 1.76

Credit card loans ������������������������������������������������������� 1.14 1.21 1.14 1.28 1.20 1.49 0.38 1.20

Other loans to individuals ����������������������������������������� 1.55 1.17 1.73 1.52 1.23 1.03 0.89 1.82

All other loans and leases (including farm) ��������������������� 0.44 0.01 0.39 0.35 0.19 0.14 0.25 0.41

Total loans and leases������������������������������������������������������ 0.84 1.17 1.00 0.63 0.54 1.02 0.71 1.47

Percent of Loans Noncurrent**

All real estate loans ���������������������������������������������������������� 3.35 0.43 5.41 1.18 1.78 3.28 3.70 1.88

Construction and development.................................. 2.09 0

Nonfarm nonresidential��������������������������������������������� 1.33 0.00 0.88 1.65 1.27 1.75 8.62 2.02

Multifamily residential real estate ����������������������������� 0.44 0.00 0.28 0.86 0.48 0.69 2.65 1.61

Home equity loans����������������������������������������������������� 2.63 0.00 3.87 0.82 1.45 2.04 2.72 1.00

Other 1-4 family residential��������������������������������������� 5.63 0.46 9.07 1.22 2.77 3.64 2.97 1.84

Commercial and industrial loans ������������������������������������� 0.50 0.72 0.45 1.23 0.60 0.88 0.51 1.58

Loans to individuals���������������������������������������������������������� 0.89 1.14 1.08 0.55 0.74 0.55 0.75 0.64

Credit card loans ������������������������������������������������������� 1.12 1.16 1.07 0.36 1.11 1.13 1.16 0.62

Other loans to individuals ����������������������������������������� 0.66 0.55 1.09 0.57 0.71 0.48 0.62 0.64

All other loans and leases (including farm) ��������������������� 0.20 0.00 0.16 0.31 0.30 0.10 6.30 0.31

Total loans and leases������������������������������������������������������ 1.96 1.10 2.31 0.95 1.32 2.97 1.56 1.62

Percent of Loans Charged-Off (net, YTD)

All real estate loans ���������������������������������������������������������� 0.20 0.05 0.34 0.09 0.20 0.15 0.32 0.21

Construction and development��������������������������������� 0.03 0.00 -0.17 0.04 0.16 0.16 -0.14 0.27 

Nonfarm nonresidential��������������������������������������������� 0.10 0.00 0.03 0.13 0.13 0.15 0.25 0.22 

Multifamily residential real estate ����������������������������� 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.12 0.05 0.11 -0.02 -0.55 

Home equity loans����������������������������������������������������� 0.59 0.00 0.62 0.19 0.39 0.56 0.86 0.16

Other 1-4 family residential��������������������������������������� 0.20 0.06 0.38 0.13 0.27 0.13 0.15 0.25

Commercial and industrial loans ������������������������������������� 0.24 2.06 0.21 0.32 0.21 0.79 0.16 0.50

Loans to individuals���������������������������������������������������������� 1.95 2.89 2.75 0.43 0.76 1.52 0.78 0.60

Credit card loans ������������������������������������������������������� 3.12 2.96 3.62 0.90 3.33 3.39 2.10 1.72

Other loans to individuals ����������������������������������������� 0.77 1.31 1.26 0.40 0.54 1.12 0.38 0.50

All other loans and leases (including farm) ��������������������� 0.09 0.00 0.09 0.00 0.17 0.11 0.07 0.94

Total loans and leases������������������������������������������������������ 0.49 2.81 0.73 0.13 0.24 0.21 0.62 0.33

Loans Outstanding (in billions)

All real estate loans ���������������������������������������������������������� $4,170.8 $0.3 $466.8 $104.7 $2,067.0 $244.5 $29.0 $12.1 $53.

Construction and development��������������������������������� 238.6 0.0 6.8 5.9 167.5 4.6 0.5 0.

Nonfarm nonresidential��������������������������������������������� 1,150.1 0.0 34.6 29.1 805.0 19.7 2.5 4.1 

Multifamily residential real estate ����������������������������� 297.4 0.0 53.1 3.1 193.8 5.6 0.3 0.

Home equity loans����������������������������������������������������� 492.3 0.0 78.2 2.2 196.0 13.6 6.4 0.4

Other 1-4 family residential��������������������������������������� 1,842.1 0.3 236.4 26.7 671.1 200.3 19.2 5.7 

Commercial and industrial loans ������������������������������������� 1,715.4 31.8 267.6 21.5 793.9 6.5 6.8 2.2

Loans to individuals���������������������������������������������������������� 1,418.3 354.6 253.5 6.6 243.9 6.6 86.5 1.8

Credit card loans ������������������������������������������������������� 718.5 338.9 161.0 0.5 19.8 0.7 19.9 0.2

Other loans to individuals ����������������������������������������� 699.8 15.7 92.5 6.1 224.1 6.0 66.6 1.6

All other loans and leases (including farm) ��������������������� 1,007.0 0.2 295.3 43.3 240.4 16.2 3.2 1.0

Total loans and leases (plus unearned income)�������������� 8,311.5 386.9 1,283.2 176.1 3,345.2 273.8 125.5 17.2 70

Memo: Other Real Estate Owned (in millions)

All other real estate owned����������������������������������������������� 21,978.8 0.2 1,124.0 585.8 12,699.2 1,415.4 136.2 167.4 540

Construction and development��������������������������������� 6,379.6 0.0 3.0 216.9 4,934.5 155.8 25.4 63.8 1

Nonfarm nonresidential��������������������������������������������� 5,121.9 0.0 59.0 209.4 3,796.6 85.1 38.0 54.2 1

Multifamily residential real estate ����������������������������� 444.7 0.0 1.0 20.6 351.8 9.0 0.1 6.2

1-4 family residential ������������������������������������������������� 5,980.4 0.2 563.0 98.0 2,939.6 389.5 64.7 40.4 178

Farmland�������������������������������������������������������������������� 257.0 0.0 0.0 40.8 192.6 2.0 0.0 2.

GNMA properties������������������������������������������������������� 3,756.9 0.0 462.0 0.1 483.8 774.1 8.0 0.0 0

* Asset Concentration Group Definitions (Groups are hierarchical and mutually exclusive):

Credit-card Lenders - Institutions whose credit-card loans plus securitized receivables exceed 50 percent of total assets plus securitized receivables

International Banks - Banks with assets greater than $10 billion and more than 25 percent of total assets in foreign offices

Agricultural Banks - Banks whose agricultural production loans plus real estate loans secured by farmland exceed 25 percent of the total loans and leases

Commercial Lenders - Institutions whose commercial and industrial loans, plus real estate construction and development loans, plus loans secured by commercial real estate properties 

exceed 25 percent of total assets

Mortgage Lenders - Institutions whose residential mortgage loans, plus mortgage-backed securities, exceed 50 percent of total assets

Consumer Lenders - Institutions whose residential mortgage loans, plus credit-card loans, plus other loans to individuals, exceed 50 percent of total assets

Other Specialized < $1 Billion - Institutions with assets less than $1 billion, whose loans and leases are less than 40 percent of total assets

All Other < $1 billion - Institutions with assets less than $1 billion that do not meet any of the definitions above, they have significant lending activity with no identified asset concentrations

All Other > $1 billion - Institutions with assets greater than $1 billion that do not meet any of the definitions above, they have significant lending activity with no identified asset 

concentrations

** Noncurrent loan rates represent the percentage of loans in each category that are past due 90 days or more or that are in nonaccrual status
FDIC Quarterly 11 2015, Volume 9, No. 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

TABLE V-A. Loan Performance, All FDIC-Insured Institutions

Asset Size Distribution Geographic Regions*

December 31, 2014 All Insured 

Institutions

Less Than 

$100 

Million

$100 

Million to 

$1 Billion

$1 Billion 

to 

$10 Billion

Greater 

Than 

$10 Billion New York Atlanta Chicago

Kansas 

City Dallas

San 

Francisco

Percent of Loans 30-89 Days Past Due 

All loans secured by real estate ������������������������������ 1.01 1.35 0.78 0.65 1.15 0.70 1.21 1.07 1.4

Construction and development������������������������ 0.48 0.96 0.53 0.46 0.46 0.55 0.58 0.52 0.2

Nonfarm nonresidential������������������������������������ 0.34 1.14 0.52 0.30 0.27 0.39 0.32 0.39 0.2

Multifamily residential real estate �������������������� 0.19 0.75 0.43 0.14 0.17 0.19 0.27 0.18 0.1

Home equity loans�������������������������������������������� 0.70 0.86 0.56 0.52 0.73 0.51 0.80 0.85 0.7

Other 1-4 family residential������������������������������ 1.77 1.92 1.28 1.28 1.94 1.16 1.98 1.79 2.5

Commercial and industrial loans ���������������������������� 0.26 1.06 0.61 0.36 0.21 0.23 0.15 0.35 0.2

Loans to individuals������������������������������������������������� 1.34 2.03 1.80 1.47 1.32 1.12 1.78 1.27 1.3

Credit card loans ���������������������������������������������� 1.14 3.28 1.58 1.85 1.11 0.94 1.30 0.93 1.2

Other loans to individuals �������������������������������� 1.55 2.01 1.82 1.29 1.55 1.46 2.30 1.38 1.5

All other loans and leases (including farm) ������������ 0.44 0.33 0.31 0.21 0.46 1.24 0.20 0.59 0.0

Total loans and leases��������������������������������������������� 0.84 1.23 0.78 0.65 0.88 0.76 0.97 0.87 0.9

Percent of Loans Noncurrent** 

All real estate loans ������������������������������������������������� 3.35 1.72 1.48 1.92 4.19 2.16 4.24 3.85 4.8

Construction and development������������������������ 2.09 2.72 2.65 2.30 1.73 2.69 2.98 1.95 1.5

Nonfarm nonresidential������������������������������������ 1.33 2.09 1.45 1.35 1.25 1.60 1.26 1.43 1.3

Multifamily residential real estate �������������������� 0.44 1.63 0.96 0.53 0.32 0.32 0.49 0.58 0.5

Home equity loans�������������������������������������������� 2.63 0.79 0.78 0.99 2.96 2.02 3.31 2.81 2.7

Other 1-4 family residential������������������������������ 5.63 1.71 1.51 3.06 6.87 3.12 6.63 6.52 8.3

Commercial and industrial loans ���������������������������� 0.50 1.85 1.18 0.91 0.39 0.63 0.40 0.50 0.4

Loans to individuals������������������������������������������������� 0.89 0.86 1.07 0.79 0.89 0.91 1.02 0.84 0.8

Credit card loans ���������������������������������������������� 1.12 1.05 1.06 1.59 1.10 0.96 1.21 0.98 1.1

Other loans to individuals �������������������������������� 0.66 0.86 1.07 0.40 0.66 0.81 0.80 0.79 0.5

All other loans and leases (including farm) ������������ 0.20 0.50 0.36 0.66 0.15 0.27 0.14 0.15 0.2

Total loans and leases��������������������������������������������� 1.96 1.52 1.35 1.61 2.10 1.47 2.31 2.19 2.5

Percent of Loans Charged-Off (net, YTD) 

All real estate loans ������������������������������������������������� 0.20 0.19 0.17 0.15 0.22 0.20 0.22 0.25 0.2

Construction and development������������������������ 0.03 0.20 0.24 0.04 -0.07 0.33 0.17 0.13 -0.46

Nonfarm nonresidential������������������������������������ 0.10 0.26 0.17 0.12 0.06 0.12 0.15 0.17 0.0

Multifamily residential real estate �������������������� 0.02 0.14 0.15 0.07 -0.01 0.01 0.05 0.04 0.0

Home equity loans�������������������������������������������� 0.59 0.13 0.21 0.25 0.66 0.37 0.85 0.54 0.6

Other 1-4 family residential������������������������������ 0.20 0.21 0.17 0.22 0.20 0.26 0.10 0.25 0.3

Commercial and industrial loans ���������������������������� 0.24 0.38 0.41 0.26 0.22 0.28 0.21 0.24 0.1

Loans to individuals������������������������������������������������� 1.95 0.60 0.76 1.55 2.01 2.03 2.02 1.27 2.5

Credit card loans ���������������������������������������������� 3.12 4.00 3.78 3.40 3.11 2.71 3.10 3.12 3.6

Other loans to individuals �������������������������������� 0.77 0.56 0.54 0.70 0.79 0.81 0.82 0.65 1.1

All other loans and leases (including farm) ������������ 0.09 0.00 0.17 0.19 0.08 0.10 0.06 0.12 0.0

Total loans and leases��������������������������������������������� 0.49 0.23 0.22 0.27 0.56 0.55 0.53 0.36 0.6

Loans Outstanding (in billions) 

All real estate loans ������������������������������������������������� $4,170.8 $43.5 $612.9 $765.4 $2,749.1 $851.5 $896.1 $812.0 $822.7 $3

Construction and development������������������������ 238.6 2.6 53.0 62.5 120.5 44.8 50.7 38.6 35.

Nonfarm nonresidential������������������������������������ 1,150.1 11.4 238.4 304.1 596.2 264.9 233.5 185.2 166.7 

Multifamily residential real estate �������������������� 297.4 1.3 32.2 68.1 195.8 105.5 36.2 79.4 25.

Home equity loans�������������������������������������������� 492.3 1.1 27.6 48.4 415.2 91.2 128.5 123.1 101.

Other 1-4 family residential������������������������������ 1,842.1 19.9 218.9 264.1 1,339.2 341.0 436.6 365.0 403.1 

Commercial and industrial loans ���������������������������� 1,715.4 7.5 105.1 169.1 1,433.7 259.7 424.0 350.7 352.5 

Loans to individuals������������������������������������������������� 1,418.3 4.0 34.8 78.8 1,300.7 301.1 360.6 206.3 296.9

Credit card loans ���������������������������������������������� 718.5 0.0 2.4 25.8 690.2 194.4 189.4 52.0 170.

Other loans to individuals �������������������������������� 699.8 3.9 32.5 53.0 610.4 106.7 171.2 154.3 126.5

All other loans and leases (including farm) ������������ 1,007.0 8.3 49.1 54.4 895.2 164.8 211.9 237.3 285.

Total loans and leases (plus unearned income)����� 8,311.5 63.3 801.9 1,067.6 6,378.6 1,577.1 1,892.7 1,606.4 1,757.7 

Memo: Other Real Estate Owned (in millions) 

All other real estate owned�������������������������������������� 21,978.8 633.8 6,117.9 4,897.4 10,329.7 2,994.3 6,142.2 4,285.4 4,434.6 2,73

Construction and development������������������������ 6,379.6 217.5 2,771.7 1,860.5 1,529.9 678.6 1,813.9 857.9 1,358.8 1,

Nonfarm nonresidential������������������������������������ 5,121.9 207.9 1,965.1 1,441.8 1,507.2 777.4 1,117.5 1,050.6 930.0 

Multifamily residential real estate �������������������� 444.7 21.7 158.9 97.7 166.4 154.5 46.9 83.5 79.

1-4 family residential ���������������������������������������� 5,980.4 175.5 1,073.3 1,042.1 3,689.5 1,134.9 1,581.5 1,352.6 1,007.1 

Farmland����������������������������������������������������������� 257.0 11.3 135.3 87.7 22.7 18.4 59.3 53.3 33.

GNMA properties���������������������������������������������� 3,756.9 0.0 13.7 367.5 3,375.7 230.6 1,523.0 887.6 988.

* Regions:

New York - Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Puerto Rico, Rhode Island, Vermont, 

U.S. Virgin Islan

Atlanta - Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, West Virginia

Chicago - Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Michigan, Ohio, Wisconsin

Kansas City - Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota

Dallas - Arkansas, Colorado, Louisiana, Mississippi, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Texas

San Francisco - Alaska, Arizona, California, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Pacific Islands, Utah, Washington, Wyoming

** Noncurrent loan rates represent the percentage of loans in each category that are past due 90 days or more or that are in nonaccrual status
FDIC Quarterly 12 2015, Volume 9, No. 1

Table VI-A. Derivatives, All FDIC-Insured Call Report Filers

Asset Size Distribution

(dollar figures in millions;

notional amounts unless otherwise indicated)

4th

Quarter 

2014

3rd

Quarter 

2014

2nd 

Quarter 

2014

1st 

Quarter 

2014

4th 

Quarter 

2013

% Change 

13Q4-

14Q4

Less 

Than $100 

Million

$100 

Million to 

$1 Billion

$1 Billion 

to $10 

Billion

Greater 

Than 

$10 Billion

ALL DERIVATIVE HOLDERS 

Number of institutions reporting derivatives����������������� 1,399 1,391 1,405 1,399 1,389 0.7 70 839 390 10

Total assets of institutions reporting derivatives ���������� $13,921,587 $13,713,773 $13,522,747 $13,250,723 $13,073,465 6.5 $4,983 $350,914 $1,174,734 $12,390,95

Total deposits of institutions reporting derivatives������� 10,461,400 10,291,404 10,169,200 9,980,762 9,855,694 6.1 4,141 288,543 931,509 9,237,20

Total derivatives������������������������������������������������������������� 221,922,457 242,940,419 239,124,560 231,754,089 237,016,804 -6.4 251 19,663 94,141 221,808,40

Derivative Contracts by Underlying Risk Exposure 

Interest rate�������������������������������������������������������������������� 173,939,550 190,894,481 191,553,140 184,417,973 193,081,248 -9.9 250 17,310 88,503 173,833,48

Foreign exchange*��������������������������������������������������������� 34,745,833 37,993,284 33,394,780 32,803,408 29,508,031 17.8 0 2,212 4,717 34,738,90

Equity ����������������������������������������������������������������������������� 2,577,118 2,317,271 2,135,462 2,105,011 2,028,018 27.1 0 63 327 2,576,72

Commodity & other (excluding credit derivatives)�������� 1,210,879 1,327,011 1,214,397 1,263,060 1,208,874 0.2 0 3 102 1,210,77

Credit������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 9,449,078 10,408,372 10,826,781 11,164,636 11,190,633 -15.6 0 75 492 9,448,51

Total�������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 221,922,457 242,940,419 239,124,560 231,754,089 237,016,804 -6.4 251 19,663 94,141 221,808,40

Derivative Contracts by Transaction Type 

Swaps ���������������������������������������������������������������������������� 135,167,761 148,328,645 146,511,551 141,282,323 152,466,706 -11.3 41 7,275 52,920 135,107,52

Futures & forwards �������������������������������������������������������� 43,368,380 45,058,906 45,263,675 42,478,719 40,026,988 8.3 53 7,181 21,348 43,339,79

Purchased options��������������������������������������������������������� 16,370,106 17,990,978 17,268,335 17,177,576 16,107,374 1.6 19 750 5,381 16,363,95

Written options��������������������������������������������������������������� 16,004,450 17,560,543 16,843,011 16,905,448 16,197,549 -1.2 138 4,378 13,833 15,986,10

Total�������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 210,910,697 228,939,072 225,886,572 217,844,066 224,798,616 -6.2 251 19,585 93,482 210,797,37

Fair Value of Derivative Contracts 

Interest rate contracts���������������������������������������������������� 60,026 65,132 72,249 72,732 71,270 -15.8 0 2 -192 60,21

Foreign exchange contracts������������������������������������������ -4,845 13,334 4,729 5,563 5,991 N/M 0 0 2 -4,848

Equity contracts������������������������������������������������������������� 3,769 -657 412 1,548 32 11,678.1 0 3 0 3,76

Commodity & other (excluding credit derivatives)�������� -3,376 219 965 -893 1,350 N/M 0 0 1 -3,378

Credit derivatives as guarantor������������������������������������� 47,533 67,082 95,094 80,869 74,838 -36.5 0 0 0 47,53

Credit derivatives as beneficiary����������������������������������� -36,635 -62,731 -90,465 -77,438 -71,220 N/M 0 0 -25 -36,609

Derivative Contracts by Maturity** 

Interest rate contracts ����������������������������� < 1 year 71,808,679 79,984,759 81,212,198 77,787,391 77,758,364 -7.7 52 4,719 18,001 71,785,90

 ������������������������������������������ 1-5 years 33,727,298 40,334,338 38,531,826 37,365,369 44,157,011 -23.6 32 3,502 25,561 33,698,20

 ������������������������������������������ > 5 years 22,213,805 22,393,371 24,203,418 24,025,868 24,629,775 -9.8 26 3,980 24,859 22,184,93

Foreign exchange contracts ������������������� < 1 year 22,074,006 22,803,490 20,746,687 20,017,155 18,289,804 20.7 0 1,739 3,350 22,068,91

 ������������������������������������������ 1-5 years 2,574,448 2,446,736 2,420,184 2,297,506 2,324,853 10.7 0 0 57 2,574,39

 ������������������������������������������ > 5 years 968,769 1,021,146 1,016,489 974,355 1,029,279 -5.9 0 0 0 968,76

Equity contracts��������������������������������������� < 1 year 996,138 763,470 698,674 673,720 645,046 54.4 0 4 31 996,10

 ������������������������������������������ 1-5 years 351,853 323,010 292,130 305,141 291,190 20.8 0 11 102 351,74

 ������������������������������������������ > 5 years 100,903 77,484 81,116 89,804 135,907 -25.8 0 15 21 100,86

Commodity & other contracts ����������������� < 1 year 347,453 391,671 360,565 379,469 338,091 2.8 0 3 41 347,40

 ������������������������������������������ 1-5 years 179,386 217,997 150,937 140,984 163,812 9.5 0 0 3 179,38

 ������������������������������������������ > 5 years 20,727 19,107 18,082 18,960 5,903 251.1 0 0 0 20,72

Risk-Based Capital: Credit Equivalent Amount 

Total current exposure to tier 1 capital (%)������������������� 28.7 26.0 23.5 23.5 26.1 0.1 0.4

Total potential future exposure to tier 1 capital (%)������ 48.5 53.2 55.1 56.2 58.1 0.1 0.3

Total exposure (credit equivalent amount) 

to tier 1 capital (%) ����������������������������������������������������� 77.3 79.2 78.6 79.7 84.3 0.2 0.7

Credit losses on derivatives***���������������������������������� 91.0 83.0 69.0 13.0 264.0 -65.5 0.0 0.

HELD FOR TRADING 

Number of institutions reporting derivatives����������������� 250 244 247 243 252 -0.8 11 86 90 6

Total assets of institutions reporting derivatives ���������� 11,275,850 11,015,493 10,889,636 10,638,660 10,559,491 6.8 759 39,941 314,083 10,921,06

Total deposits of institutions reporting derivatives������� 8,458,142 8,262,859 8,185,855 7,997,380 7,964,587 6.2 634 32,879 247,290 8,177,34

Derivative Contracts by Underlying Risk Exposure 

Interest rate�������������������������������������������������������������������� 170,690,631 187,909,519 188,493,096 181,282,028 189,138,537 -9.8 75 1,934 22,353 170,666,27

Foreign exchange���������������������������������������������������������� 32,536,146 33,675,874 30,164,255 29,208,486 27,636,688 17.7 0 0 3,570 32,532,57

Equity ����������������������������������������������������������������������������� 2,559,758 2,300,741 2,119,239 2,089,047 2,011,294 27.3 0 0 0 2,559,75

Commodity & other�������������������������������������������������������� 1,205,276 1,320,794 1,206,811 1,256,235 1,200,547 0.4 0 0 15 1,205,26

Total�������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 206,991,811 225,206,928 221,983,401 213,835,794 219,987,066 -5.9 75 1,934 25,938 206,963,86

Trading Revenues: Cash & Derivative Instruments 

Interest rate�������������������������������������������������������������������� 663 -826 2,878 2,010 357 85.7 0 0 29 63

Foreign exchange���������������������������������������������������������� 2,840 4,892 2,026 2,137 1,550 83.2 0 0 3 2,83

Equity ����������������������������������������������������������������������������� 643 652 722 608 490 31.2 0 0 -1 64

Commodity & other (including credit derivatives) �������� 255 946 795 1,427 509 -49.9 0 0 -1 25

Total trading revenues��������������������������������������������������� 4,401 5,664 6,421 6,183 2,906 51.4 0 0 31 4,37

Share of Revenue 

Trading revenues to gross revenues (%) ���������������������� 3.8 4.8 5.4 5.4 2.5 0.0 0.

Trading revenues to net operating revenues (%)���������� 18.8 23.8 24.6 26.9 11.3 0.0 0.5

HELD FOR PURPOSES OTHER THAN TRADING 

Number of institutions reporting derivatives����������������� 1,274 1,271 1,287 1,282 1,253 1.7 59 768 353 9

Total assets of institutions reporting derivatives ���������� 13,613,308 13,421,530 13,229,856 12,945,001 12,763,130 6.7 4,225 321,833 1,058,035 12,229,21

Total deposits of institutions reporting derivatives������� 10,218,363 10,061,662 9,938,935 9,738,920 9,611,265 6.3 3,507 264,712 839,661 9,110,48

Derivative Contracts by Underlying 

Risk Exposure 

Interest rate�������������������������������������������������������������������� 3,248,919 2,984,963 3,060,043 3,135,945 3,942,711 -17.6 176 15,376 66,151 3,167,21

Foreign exchange���������������������������������������������������������� 647,004 724,435 819,319 849,536 843,789 -23.3 0 2,209 979 643,81

Equity ����������������������������������������������������������������������������� 17,361 16,530 16,223 15,965 16,724 3.8 0 63 327 16,97

Commodity & other�������������������������������������������������������� 5,602 6,216 7,586 6,825 8,327 -32.7 0 3 87 5,51

Total notional amount ���������������������������������������������������� 3,918,885 3,732,144 3,903,171 4,008,271 4,811,550 -18.6 176 17,651 67,544 3,833,51

All line items are reported on a quarterly basis. N/M - Not Meaningf

* Include spot foreign exchange contracts. All other references to foreign exchange contracts in which notional values or fair values are reported exclude spot foreign exchange contract

** Derivative contracts subject to the risk-based capital requirements for derivatives

*** The reporting of credit losses on derivatives is applicable to all banks filing the FFIEC 031 report form and to those banks filing the FFIEC 041 report form that have $300 million or more 

in total assets
FDIC Quarterly 13 2015, Volume 9, No. 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

TABLE VII-A. Servicing, Securitization, and Asset Sales Activities (All FDIC-Insured Call Report Filers)

Asset Size Distribution

(dollar figures in millions)

4th 

Quarter

2014

3rd 

Quarter

2014

2nd 

Quarter

2014

1st 

Quarter

2014

4th 

Quarter

2013

% Change 

13Q4-

14Q4

Less Than 

$100 

Million

$100 

Million to 

$1 Billion

$1 Billion 

to $10 

Billion

Greater 

Than $10 

Billion

Assets Securitized and Sold with Servicing Retained or with 

Recourse or Other Seller-Provided Credit Enhancements 

Number of institutions reporting securitization activities ����������������������������������������� 77 74 73 76 83 -7.2 1 24 18 3

Outstanding Principal Balance by Asset Type 

1-4 family residential loans�������������������������������������������������������������������������������� $847,494 $845,272 $844,184 $598,462 $610,275 38.9 $16 $2,399 $19,105 $825,97

Home equity loans��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 36 38 39 41 42 -14.3 0 0 0 3

Credit card receivables�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 18,499 16,782 16,692 16,349 19,405 -4.7 0 75 0 18,42

Auto loans ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 3,951 4,198 4,312 4,735 4,676 -15.5 0 0 1,276 2,67

Other consumer loans ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 6,191 6,425 4,945 4,462 4,607 34.4 0 2 0 6,18

Commercial and industrial loans����������������������������������������������������������������������� 11 10 1,217 1,881 1,987 -99.4 0 9 0 

All other loans, leases, and other assets���������������������������������������������������������� 96,257 95,099 94,757 96,071 101,456 -5.1 0 3,538 4,927 87,79

Total securitized and sold������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 972,438 967,824 966,146 722,001 742,448 31.0 16 6,022 25,308 941,09

Maximum Credit Exposure by Asset Type 

1-4 family residential loans�������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 2,915 2,806 2,908 2,912 2,809 3.8 0 5 51 2,85

Home equity loans��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0 

Credit card receivables�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 1,529 1,418 1,450 1,455 603 153.6 0 30 0 1,49

Auto loans ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 0 0 0 5 0 0.0 0 0 0 

Other consumer loans ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 194 188 192 174 164 18.3 0 0 0 19

Commercial and industrial loans����������������������������������������������������������������������� 0 0 25 38 27 -100.0 0 0 0 

All other loans, leases, and other assets���������������������������������������������������������� 1,369 1,129 1,416 1,308 1,633 -16.2 0 1 0 1,36

Total credit exposure ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 6,007 5,541 5,991 5,892 5,236 14.7 0 37 51 5,91

Total unused liquidity commitments provided to institution's own securitizations ��� 17 17 17 120 121 -86.0 0 0 0 1

Securitized Loans, Leases, and Other Assets 30-89 Days Past Due (%) 

1-4 family residential loans�������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 3.9 3.9 3.5 3.3 4.3 0.0 1.

Home equity loans��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 7.5 8.0 9.1 8.8 10.4 0.0 0.

Credit card receivables�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.0 1.

Auto loans ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.6 1.0 0.0 0.

Other consumer loans ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 4.9 4.8 5.5 5.2 5.6 0.0 0.

Commercial and industrial loans����������������������������������������������������������������������� 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.

All other loans, leases, and other assets���������������������������������������������������������� 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.8 0.0 0.

Total loans, leases, and other assets ����������������������������������������������������������������������� 3.5 3.5 3.2 2.9 3.7 0.0 0.

Securitized Loans, Leases, and Other Assets 90 Days or More Past Due (%) 

1-4 family residential loans�������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 2.2 2.2 2.3 3.3 3.4 0.0 1.

Home equity loans��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 43.3 42.0 40.3 37.8 36.5 0.0 0.0

Credit card receivables�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.0 1.

Auto loans ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.

Other consumer loans ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 5.3 5.2 6.3 6.7 7.3 0.0 0.

Commercial and industrial loans����������������������������������������������������������������������� 2.4 3.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.

All other loans, leases, and other assets���������������������������������������������������������� 3.3 6.5 9.2 8.7 9.2 0.0 0.

Total loans, leases, and other assets ����������������������������������������������������������������������� 2.3 2.6 2.9 3.9 4.1 0.0 1.

Securitized Loans, Leases, and Other Assets Charged-off 

(net, YTD, annualized, %) 

1-4 family residential loans�������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.9 0.0 0.

Home equity loans��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 1.0 0.1 0.1 -0.1 0.2 0.0 0.

Credit card receivables�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 1.7 1.5 1.2 0.6 2.2 0.0 7.

Auto loans ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.

Other consumer loans ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 0.8 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.9 0.0 0.

Commercial and industrial loans����������������������������������������������������������������������� 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.

All other loans, leases, and other assets���������������������������������������������������������� 0.9 0.6 0.9 0.7 0.9 0.0 0.

Total loans, leases, and other assets ����������������������������������������������������������������������� 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.9 0.0 0.

Seller's Interests in Institution's Own Securitizations - Carried as Loans 

Home equity loans��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0 

Credit card receivables�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 12,247 12,198 12,905 13,116 12,850 -4.7 0 324 0 11,92

Commercial and industrial loans����������������������������������������������������������������������� 0 0 2 2 3 -100.0 0 0 0 

Seller's Interests in Institution's Own Securitizations - Carried as Securities 

Home equity loans��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0 

Credit card receivables�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0 

Commercial and industrial loans����������������������������������������������������������������������� 0 0 0 48 52 -100.0 0 0 0 

Assets Sold with Recourse and Not Securitized 

Number of institutions reporting asset sales������������������������������������������������������������ 1,104 1,104 1,101 1,088 1,084 1.8 135 744 176 4

Outstanding Principal Balance by Asset Type 

1-4 family residential loans�������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 40,885 41,064 42,240 43,720 46,519 -12.1 1,605 14,621 8,993 15,66

Home equity, credit card receivables, auto, and other consumer loans ��������� 714 709 727 755 776 -8.0 0 2 29 68

Commercial and industrial loans����������������������������������������������������������������������� 91 52 53 69 62 46.8 0 13 77 

All other loans, leases, and other assets���������������������������������������������������������� 69,561 66,271 65,112 65,974 67,794 2.6 1 95 1,195 68,27

Total sold and not securitized������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 111,251 108,096 108,131 110,518 115,150 -3.4 1,606 14,731 10,295 84,61

Maximum Credit Exposure by Asset Type 

1-4 family residential loans�������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 9,887 9,848 9,646 9,573 10,756 -8.1 113 2,171 3,367 4,23

Home equity, credit card receivables, auto, and other consumer loans ��������� 137 140 141 155 160 -14.4 0 2 3 13

Commercial and industrial loans����������������������������������������������������������������������� 27 23 24 33 27 0.0 0 13 13 

All other loans, leases, and other assets���������������������������������������������������������� 17,955 17,233 16,849 16,970 17,058 5.3 1 15 71 17,86

Total credit exposure ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 28,006 27,244 26,660 26,732 28,002 0.0 114 2,201 3,454 22,23

Support for Securitization Facilities Sponsored by Other Institutions 

Number of institutions reporting securitization facilities sponsored by others ������� 126 132 134 138 148 -14.9 12 70 25 1

Total credit exposure ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 44,248 41,590 42,375 42,058 44,707 -1.0 9 170 276 43,79

Total unused liquidity commitments ������������������������������������������������������������������������� 1,150 918 1,122 1,017 981 17.2 0 0 0 1,15

Other

Assets serviced for others*��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 4,416,458 4,412,810 4,461,406 4,556,249 4,712,533 -6.3 5,279 193,041 297,183 3,920,95

Asset-backed commercial paper conduits 

Credit exposure to conduits sponsored by institutions and others������������������ 11,981 10,189 12,129 12,110 12,317 -2.7 5 0 5 11,97

Unused liquidity commitments to conduits sponsored by institutions 

 and others������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 28,924 27,948 28,274 30,515 31,113 -7.0 0 0 178 28,74

Net servicing income (for the quarter)���������������������������������������������������������������������� 1,207 2,886 2,773 2,142 4,627 -73.9 7 187 105 90

Net securitization income (for the quarter)��������������������������������������������������������������� 339 384 318 285 377 -10.1 0 5 13 32

Total credit exposure to Tier 1 capital (%)** ������������������������������������������������������������� 5.5 5.3 5.4 5.4 5.8 0.9 1.

* The amount of financial assets serviced for others, other than closed-end 1-4 family residential mortgages, is reported when these assets are greater than $10 million

** Total credit exposure includes the sum of the three line items titled “Total credit exposure” reported above
FDIC Quarterly 14 2015, Volume 9, No. 1

TABLE VIII-A. Trust Services (All FDIC-Insured Institutions)

All Insured Institutions Asset Size Distribution

(dollar figures in millions)

Dec 31

2014

Dec 31

2013

Dec 31

2012

Dec 31

2011

% Change 

2013-2014

Less 

Than $100 

Million

$100 

Million to 

$1 Billion

$1 Billion 

to 

$10 Billion

Greater 

Than 

$10 Billion

Number of institutions reporting������������������������������������������������ 6,509 6,812 7,083 7,357 -4.4 1,872 3,956 574 10

Number of institutions with fiduciary powers���������������������������� 1,925 1,991 2,035 2,103 -3.3 272 1,238 339 7

Commercial banks�������������������������������������������������������������� 1,786 1,847 1,890 1,945 -3.3 252 1,169 294 7

Savings institutions ������������������������������������������������������������ 139 144 145 158 -3.5 20 69 45 

Number of institutions exercising fiduciary powers������������������ 1,437 1,474 1,509 1,549 -2.5 170 912 285 7

Commercial banks�������������������������������������������������������������� 1,322 1,356 1,391 1,424 -2.5 151 858 248 6

Savings institutions ������������������������������������������������������������ 115 118 118 125 -2.5 19 54 37 

Number of institutions reporting fiduciary activity�������������������� 1,358 1,397 1,425 1,475 -2.8 157 860 273 6

Commercial banks�������������������������������������������������������������� 1,250 1,287 1,316 1,356 -2.9 138 810 239 6

Savings institutions ������������������������������������������������������������ 108 110 109 119 -1.8 19 50 34 

Fiduciary and related assets - managed assets 

Personal trust and agency accounts ���������������������������������������� 689,810 671,348 620,437 590,720 2.7 16,306 70,392 71,058 532,05

Noninterest-bearing deposits �������������������������������������������� 8,695 7,903 6,888 2,513 10.0 28 1,038 187 7,44

Interest-bearing deposits ��������������������������������������������������� 79,671 97,316 73,891 32,497 -18.1 724 5,803 6,109 67,03

U.S. Treasury and U.S. Government agency obligations ��� 101,054 127,030 127,203 105,356 -20.4 2,467 3,672 13,569 8

State, county and municipal obligations���������������������������� 180,592 176,967 188,959 190,756 2.0 6,357 9,001 20,084 145,15

Money market mutual funds����������������������������������������������� 106,171 113,048 123,659 120,634 -6.1 3,034 7,512 13,114 82,51

Other short-term obligations���������������������������������������������� 189,900 210,851 216,496 168,266 -9.9 31 185 574 189,11

Other notes and bonds������������������������������������������������������� 198,865 224,723 249,140 250,388 -11.5 7,614 6,510 14,065 170,67

Common and preferred stocks ������������������������������������������ 2,913,836 2,696,901 2,285,814 1,914,375 8.0 38,271 130,790 191,690 2,553,08

Real estate mortgages������������������������������������������������������� 1,997 1,936 1,979 1,676 3.2 357 282 317 1,04

Real estate�������������������������������������������������������������������������� 44,090 47,344 47,780 42,400 -6.9 1,250 7,281 6,492 29,06

Miscellaneous assets��������������������������������������������������������� 124,397 101,484 130,329 111,270 22.6 1,037 14,708 9,239 99,41

Employee benefit and retirement-related trust and 

agency accounts:

Employee benefit - defined contribution���������������������������� 361,688 403,358 391,320 350,146 -10.3 1,076 7,348 10,761 342,50

Employee benefit - defined benefit������������������������������������ 612,609 582,751 536,981 509,157 5.1 1,984 8,621 20,125 581,87

Other employee benefit and retirement-related 

 accounts�������������������������������������������������������������������������� 310,988 276,831 232,272 226,786 12.3 3,620 27,252 37,050 243,06

Corporate trust and agency accounts��������������������������������������� 20,957 22,832 26,349 26,208 -8.2 7 453 3,666 16,83

Investment management and investment advisory 

agency accounts �������������������������������������������������������������������� 1,562,067 1,299,675 1,205,463 1,008,692 20.2 36,072 62,184 109,908 1,353,90

Other fiduciary accounts ����������������������������������������������������������� 391,149 548,705 439,316 227,747 -28.7 2,103 10,533 22,874 355,63

Total managed fiduciary accounts: 

Assets ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 3,949,267 3,805,501 3,452,138 2,939,455 3.8 61,169 186,782 275,442 3,425,87

Number of accounts ����������������������������������������������������������� 1,640,907 1,557,892 1,432,574 1,384,740 5.3 79,733 260,251 291,057 1,009,86

Fiduciary and related assets - nonmanaged assets 

Personal trust and agency accounts ���������������������������������������� 289,438 277,994 263,746 270,066 4.1 9,816 22,361 20,590 236,67

Employee benefit and retirement-related trust and 

agency accounts: 

Employee benefit - defined contribution���������������������������� 2,208,443 3,122,490 2,572,659 2,244,273 -29.3 101,516 8,435 88,352 2,010,14

Employee benefit - defined benefit������������������������������������ 4,208,533 3,983,936 3,488,956 3,921,237 5.6 14,420 23,989 21,443 4,148,68

Other employee benefit and retirement-related accounts �� 1,633,203 2,637,899 2,302,988 1,815,808 -38.1 1,836 26,807 33,394 1,571,16

Corporate trust and agency accounts��������������������������������������� 2,572,387 2,473,708 2,621,721 2,813,065 4.0 919 21,574 397,085 2,152,80

Other fiduciary accounts ����������������������������������������������������������� 3,503,841 3,353,847 2,826,297 2,520,115 4.5 2,483 30,239 24,317 3,446,80

Total nonmanaged fiduciary accounts: 

Assets ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 14,415,844 15,849,875 14,076,366 13,584,563 -9.0 130,991 133,404 585,181 13,566,26

Number of accounts ����������������������������������������������������������� 3,875,917 14,373,918 14,124,850 13,399,102 -73.0 281,081 475,186 187,487 2,932,16

Custody and safekeeping accounts: 

Assets ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 83,495,451 80,166,103 74,236,727 74,108,600 4.2 364,875 906,097 724,417 81,500,06

Number of accounts ����������������������������������������������������������� 9,339,740 9,477,551 10,381,593 11,127,410 -1.5 6,185,016 552,483 461,239 2,141,00

Fiduciary and related services income 

Personal trust and agency accounts ���������������������������������������� 4,872 4,655 4,417 4,376 4.7 116 320 523 3,91

Retirement-related trust and agency accounts: 

Employee benefit - defined contribution���������������������������� 1,190 1,281 1,202 1,171 -7.1 20 50 193 92

Employee benefit - defined benefit������������������������������������ 1,382 1,336 1,283 1,755 3.4 10 51 46 1,27

Other employee benefit and retirement-related accounts �� 1,498 1,350 1,194 1,041 11.0 38 240 204 1,01

Corporate trust and agency accounts��������������������������������������� 1,371 1,318 1,306 1,636 4.0 0 37 250 1,08

Investment management agency accounts������������������������������ 6,995 6,125 5,400 4,952 14.2 165 445 773 5,61

Other fiduciary accounts ����������������������������������������������������������� 827 816 847 1,640 1.3 2 21 7 79

Custody and safekeeping accounts������������������������������������������ 13,088 12,493 11,559 9,348 4.8 68 324 510 12,18

Other fiduciary and related services income���������������������������� 1,155 1,451 1,386 2,137 -20.4 17 99 141 89

Total gross fiduciary and related services income������������������� 32,522 30,992 28,766 28,221 4.9 438 1,684 2,658 27,74

Less: Expenses ������������������������������������������������������������������ 30,804 29,523 28,034 25,118 4.3 282 1,227 2,115 27,18

Less: Net losses from fiduciary and related services ������� 224 245 274 206 -8.6 0 3 10 21

Plus: Intracompany income credits for fiduciary and 

 related services��������������������������������������������������������������� 5,406 5,507 6,001 5,374 -1.8 0 19 231 5,15

Net fiduciary and related services income ������������������������������� 6,756 6,562 6,273 8,104 3.0 153 374 755 5,47

Collective investment funds and common trust funds 

(market value) 

Domestic equity funds�������������������������������������������������������� 615,200 373,714 299,291 274,259 64.6 7,692 761 10,568 596,17

International/global equity funds ��������������������������������������� 193,624 186,382 147,535 123,322 3.9 8,196 2,635 3,422 179,37

Stock/bond blend funds ����������������������������������������������������� 143,065 125,635 114,754 99,901 13.9 2,641 290 1,322 138,81

Taxable bond funds������������������������������������������������������������ 154,239 145,958 183,240 212,230 5.7 3,122 3,090 1,976 146,05

Municipal bond funds ��������������������������������������������������������� 4,374 4,263 5,649 5,981 2.6 43 332 280 3,71

Short-term investments/money market funds ������������������� 178,284 178,395 163,709 204,104 -0.1 1,697 186 25 176,37

Specialty/other funds ��������������������������������������������������������� 47,543 77,419 80,365 81,065 -38.6 618 328 5,807 40,79

Total collective investment funds���������������������������������������������� 1,336,330 1,091,766 994,544 1,000,862 22.4 24,009 7,622 23,399 1,281,30
FDIC Quarterly 15 2015, Volume 9, No. 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

COMMUNITY BANK PERFORMANCE

Contributors to the Year-Over-Year Change in Income

FDIC-Insured Community Banks

Billions of Dollars Positive Factor

Negative Factor

Net

Income

Net

Interest

Income

Loan Loss

Provisions

Noninterest

Income

Noninterest

Expense

Realized

Gains on

Securities

Income

Taxes

Source: FDIC. 

-$0.5

$0.0

$0.5

$1.0

$1.5

$1.04 $1.03 -$0.19 $0.53 $0.46 $0.15 $0.40

+28% +6% -23% +13% +3% +990% +49%

Chart 1 Chart 2

Net Interest Margin

Percent

Source: FDIC.

3.65 3.63

3.27 

3.12 

3.0

3.5

4.0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Community Banks 

All Insured Institutions 

Earnings Increased From Fourth Quarter 2013, 

Outpacing Industry

Community banks reported net income of $4.8 billion 

in fourth quarter 2014, up $1 billion (27.7 percent) 

from the year before.1 Higher net operating revenue 

(the sum of net interest income and total noninterest 

income) and lower loan loss provisions lifted earnings 

for the 6,037 community banks. Despite the improved 

earnings at community banks, yearly earnings declined 

7 percent for the banking industry. About 61 percent of 

community banks reported higher year-over-year earnings, while 9.7 percent were unprofitable during the 

quarter. The pretax return on assets was 1.18 percent, 

down 6 basis points from third quarter 2014, but up 

21 basis points from fourth quarter 2013.2

1

 Prior-period dollar amounts used for comparisons are mergeradjusted, meaning the same institutions identified as community 

banks and the industry in the current quarter are used to determine 

dollar amounts in prior periods, after taking into account acquisitions. 

Performance ratios are not merger-adjusted.

2

 Pretax ROA is used for comparison because C corporations are taxed 

at the bank level, while S corporations pass tax obligations to their 

shareholders—58 percent of community banks were C corporations, 

while 35 percent were S corporations during the fourth quarter of 2014. 

Net Interest Margin Widened 51 Basis Points 

Between Community Banks and Industry

Net interest income—which accounts for about 

79 percent of net operating revenue at community 

banks—totaled $17.2 billion during fourth quarter 

2014, up $1 billion (6.4 percent) from fourth quarter 

2013. Community banks contributed more than half 

(56 percent) of the banking industry’s annual growth 

(up $1.8 billion, or 1.7 percent) in net interest income. 

Close to 71 percent of community banks increased net 

interest income from the year-earlier quarter. The net 

interest margin (NIM) stood at 3.63 percent, down 

2 basis points from fourth quarter 2013, as average asset 

yields fell more rapidly than the average funding costs. 

Community banks posted a NIM 51 basis points above 

the industry average—the largest gap since fourth quarter 2006. About 81 percent of community banks 

reported NIM above the industry’s average of 

3.12 percent.

■ Net Income of $4.8 Billion Increased 28 Percent From Fourth Quarter 2013

■ Higher Net Operating Revenue and Lower Loan Loss Provisions 

Boosted Earnings

■ Full-Year 2014 Net Income Increased From Higher Net Interest Income

■ All Major Loan Balances Increased From the Previous Quarter and the 

Year Before
FDIC Quarterly 16 2015, Volume 9, No. 1

Noninterest Income Expanded 12.8 Percent 

From Fourth Quarter 2013

Noninterest income totaled $4.6 billion in the fourth 

quarter 2014, up $526 million (12.8 percent) from 

the 2013 quarter—outperforming the industry (up 

$37.9 million, or 0.1 percent). More than half 

(54 percent) of community banks reported higher 

noninterest income than a year earlier. Close to 

85 percent of the annual increase in noninterest income 

was contributed by all other noninterest income (up 

$262.6 million, or 16.3 percent) and loan sale revenue 

(up $182.9 million, or 26.3 percent).3

Noninterest Expense Increased From 

Fourth Quarter 2013

Noninterest expense of $15.3 billion in fourth quarter 

2014 increased $458.2 million (3.1 percent) from the 

2013 quarter. The annual increase was led by higher 

salary employee benefits (up $505 million, or 

6.5 percent). Almost two out of every three community banks (62 percent) reported higher noninterest 

expense from fourth quarter 2013. Full-time employees 

at community banks totaled 442,233 in fourth quarter 

2014, up 5,371 (1.2 percent) from a year earlier. The 

3

 All other noninterest income includes items that are greater than 

$25,000 and exceed 3 percent of all other noninterest income 

reported. They include income and fees from printing and sale of 

checks, earnings on increase in value of cash surrender value of life 

insurance, income and fees from automated teller machines, rent and 

other income from other real estate owned, safe deposit box rent, net 

change in the fair values of financial instruments accounted for under 

a fair value option, bank card and credit card interchange fees, and 

gains on bargain purchases.

average asset per employee was $4.7 million in the 

most recent quarter, up from $4.5 million in fourth 

quarter 2013.

Full-Year 2014 Earnings Increased 9.1 Percent 

to $18.6 Billion

Full-year 2014 net income totaled $18.6 billion, an 

increase of $1.6 billion (9.1 percent) from 2013. 

Higher net interest income (up $3.9 billion, or 

6.2 percent) and lower loan-loss provisions (down 

$658 million, or 20.8 percent) offset a decline in 

noninterest income (down $329 million, or 

1.8 percent) and an increase in noninterest expense 

(up $1.6 billion, or 2.8 percent). Almost three out of 

every four community banks (74 percent) reported 

higher net interest income from 2013.

Close to 77 Percent of Community Banks Increased 

Loans From the Year Before

Loan balances at community banks totaled $1.4 trillion 

during the fourth quarter, up $33 billion (2.5 percent) 

from the third quarter 2014. With close to 70 percent 

of community banks increasing loans from the previous quarter, quarterly loan growth at community banks 

outperformed the banking industry (1.8 percent). 

All major loan categories increased from the previous quarter, led by nonfarm nonresidential loans (up 

$7.7 billion, or 2 percent), commercial and industrial 

loans (up $6.3 billion, or 3.4 percent), 1-to-4 family (up 

$5.4 billion, or 1.5 percent), construction and development (up $2.7 billion, or 3.3 percent), and agricultural 

production loans (up $2.7 billion, or 5.9 percent). With 

more than a quarter (26 percent) of the annual industry 

Change in Loan Balances and Unused Commitments

FDIC-Insured Community Banks

Source: FDIC. 

Billions of Dollars

Loan Balances

Unused

Commitments

Nonfarm

Nonresidential RE

C&I

Loans

1-to-4

Family

Residential RE

C&D

Loans

Agricultural Production

Loans

Loans to

Individuals

Home

Equity

CRE & C&D C&I

Loans

25.4 

18.6 

19.8 

10.5 

5.7 

4.2 3.8 

12.9 

7.7 7.7 6.3 5.4 

2.7 2.7 

1.2 1.2 2.3 1.1 

Change 4Q 2014 vs. 4Q 2013 

Change 4Q 2014 vs. 3Q 2014 

Chart 3 Chart 4

Noncurrent Loan Rates for FDIC-Insured Community Banks

Percent of Loan Portfolio Noncurrent

Source: FDIC.

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 

C&D Loans

Nonfarm Nonresidential RE

1-to-4 Family RE

C&I Loans

Home Equity

Credit Cards
FDIC Quarterly 17 2015, Volume 9, No. 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

loan growth being contributed by community banks, 

loan balances for community banks grew $108.1 billion 

(8.6 percent) from fourth quarter 2013. With a yearover-year growth of 8.6 percent, community banks 

outpaced the industry (5.3 percent). All major loan 

categories at community banks increased from the year 

earlier, with 42 percent of the yearly increase being 

driven by nonfarm nonresidential (up $25.4 billion, 

or 6.8 percent) and 1-to-4 family (up $19.8 billion, 

or 5.7 percent). Total unused commercial real estate 

(CRE) loan commitments—including construction and 

development—totaled $66.6 billion during the fourth 

quarter 2014, an increase of $2.3 billion (3.6 percent) 

from the previous quarter. Growth in unused CRE loan 

commitments indicates continued credit extension, as 

off-balance and on-balance CRE loans increased from 

third quarter 2014.

Small Loans to Businesses Increased From the 

Previous Quarter and the Year Before

Small loans to businesses—loans to commercial 

borrowers up to $1 million, and farm loans up to 

$500,000—at community banks totaled $299.6 billion 

in fourth quarter 2014, up $3.2 billion (1.1 percent) 

from third quarter 2014. All small loan categories 

increased, led by commercial and industrial loans (up 

$1.8 billion, or 2 percent), agricultural production loans 

(up $0.8 billion, or 2.8 percent), nonfarm nonresidential loans (up $0.5 billion, or 0.3 percent), and farmland loans (up $0.1 billion, or 0.4 percent). Close to 

60 percent of community banks reported higher volume 

in small loans to business from fourth quarter 2013, 

resulting in an increase of $10 billion (3.4 percent). 

More than half (52 percent) of the yearly increase in 

small loans to businesses at community banks was led 

by commercial and industrial loans (up $5.1 billion, or 

5.9 percent). Community banks continued to hold 

45 percent of small loans to businesses.

Noncurrent Rate Continued to Decline

Community banks reported noncurrent loan balances of 

$18.7 billion, down $4.4 billion (19.1 percent) from 

fourth quarter 2013. Close to 61 percent of community 

banks lowered their noncurrent loan balances from the 

year before. The noncurrent rate stood at 1.36 percent 

in the most current quarter, a decline of 14 basis points 

from the previous quarter, and 43 basis points from the 

2013 quarter. The noncurrent rate was down 60 basis 

points from the banking industry rate of 1.96 percent. 

Major loan categories had a decline in noncurrent rates 

from fourth quarter 2013, except for credit cards (up 

5 basis points). Construction and development loans 

continued to have the highest noncurrent rate 

(2.64 percent), 55 basis points higher than the industry 

rate of 2.09 percent. However, the noncurrent rate for 

construction and development loans has declined for 

17 consecutive quarters. The quarterly net charge-off 

rate was 0.25 percent, down 12 basis points from fourth 

quarter 2013, and it remained below the industry rate of 

0.48 percent. Major loan categories had a decline in net 

charge-off rate from the year earlier, except for credit 

cards, which grew 87 basis points. Credit cards continued to have the highest net charge-off rate among the 

major loan categories (4.88 percent); however, this 

level is well below the 11.9 percent reported in fourth 

quarter 2008.

Four Community Banks Failed in the Fourth Quarter

The number of FDIC-insured community banks totaled 

6,037 in fourth quarter 2014, down 70 banks from the 

previous quarter. Four community banks failed during 

the quarter.

Author: Benjamin Tikvina, Financial Analyst

Division of Insurance and Research

(202) 898-6578
FDIC Quarterly 18 2015, Volume 9, No. 1

TABLE I-B. Selected Indicators, FDIC-Insured Community Banks*

2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008

Return on assets (%)������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 0.93 0.90 0.83 0.55 0.21 -0.

Return on equity (%)������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 8.49 8.28 7.68 5.19 2.07 -1.

Core capital (leverage) ratio (%) ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 10.58 10.44 10.18 9.98 9.57 9.

Noncurrent assets plus other real estate owned to assets (%) ������������������������������������ 1.34 1.73 2.27 2.84 3.25 3.

Net charge-offs to loans (%) ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 0.21 0.32 0.58 0.87 1.11 1.

Asset growth rate (%) ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 2.31 0.33 2.25 1.60 -2.27 3.

Net interest margin (%)��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 3.61 3.59 3.67 3.74 3.71 3.

Net operating income growth (%)����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 5.37 14.49 56.06 207.25 211.87 -157.91

Number of institutions reporting������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 6,037 6,306 6,541 6,798 7,014 7,249 7,445

Percentage of unprofitable institutions (%)�������������������������������������������������������������������� 6.31 8.40 11.15 16.34 22.16 29.7

* Excludes insured branches of foreign banks (IBAs)

TABLE II-B. Aggregate Condition and Income Data, FDIC-Insured Community Banks

(dollar figures in millions)  4th Quarter

2014

3rd Quarter

2014

4th Quarter

2013

%Change 

13Q4-14Q4

Number of institutions reporting������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 6,037 6,107 6,306 -4.

Total employees (full-time equivalent)��������������������������������������������������������������������������� 442,233 445,091 452,938 -2.

CONDITION DATA

Total assets��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� $2,064,114 $2,031,691 $2,017,457 2.

Loans secured by real estate���������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 1,039,753 1,017,248 993,090 4.

 1-4 Family residential mortgages �������������������������������������������������������������������� 364,961 355,435 349,488 4.

 Nonfarm nonresidential������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 400,398 396,549 392,183 2.

 Construction and development������������������������������������������������������������������������ 85,104 82,913 77,261 10.

 Home equity lines��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 50,063 49,205 47,635 5.

Commercial & industrial loans �������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 190,501 186,274 179,463 6.

Loans to individuals������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 59,009 58,288 55,611 6.

 Credit cards ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 1,826 1,790 1,850 -1.

Farm loans��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 48,599 46,094 43,287 12.

Other loans & leases����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 31,168 29,467 27,910 11.

Less: Unearned income ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 590 573 553 6.

Total loans & leases ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 1,368,438 1,336,798 1,298,806 5.

Less: Reserve for losses����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 18,991 19,460 20,264 -6.

Net loans and leases����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 1,349,447 1,317,338 1,278,542 5.

Securities����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 448,768 452,683 461,415 -2.

Other real estate owned������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 8,743 9,449 11,358 -23.

Goodwill and other intangibles ������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 12,604 12,569 12,639 -0.

All other assets�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 244,551 239,651 253,503 -3.

Total liabilities and capital ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 2,064,114 2,031,691 2,017,457 2.

Deposits������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 1,693,611 1,672,415 1,667,710 1.

 Domestic office deposits���������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 1,693,380 1,672,198 1,667,469 1.

 Foreign office deposits������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 230 217 241 -4.

 Brokered deposits �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 60,581 59,437 53,555 13.

Estimated insured deposits������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 1,305,346 1,300,099 1,313,732 -0.

Other borrowed funds ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 125,406 117,201 118,379 5.

Subordinated debt��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 497 400 447 11.

All other liabilities ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 15,617 15,625 14,294 9.

Total equity capital (includes minority interests)���������������������������������������������������� 228,983 226,049 216,628 5.

 Bank equity capital������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 228,852 225,895 216,485 5.

Loans and leases 30-89 days past due������������������������������������������������������������������������� 9,515 9,026 10,769 -11.

Noncurrent loans and leases ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 18,686 20,022 23,245 -19.

Restructured loans and leases �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 10,815 11,347 12,461 -13.

Mortgage-backed securities ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 195,080 197,944 203,738 -4.

Earning assets���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 1,911,229 1,879,870 1,858,757 2.

FHLB Advances�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 92,918 85,853 83,871 10.

Unused loan commitments��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 250,284 248,670 233,843 7.

Trust assets��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 286,949 238,806 275,818 4.

Assets securitized and sold ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 15,945 18,900 14,862 7.

Notional amount of derivatives��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 43,789 43,486 40,543 8.

INCOME DATA

Full Year

 2014

Full Year

 2013 %Change

4th Quarter 

2014

4th Quarter 

2013

%Change 

13Q4-14Q4

Total interest income ������������������������������������������������������������������� $75,696 $75,695 0.0 $19,443 $19,255 1

Total interest expense ����������������������������������������������������������������� 9,102 10,338 -11.96 2,271 2,456 -7

Net interest income �������������������������������������������������������������� 66,594 65,357 1.9 17,172 16,799 2

Provision for loan and lease losses �������������������������������������������� 2,505 3,196 -21.6 643 827 -22

Total noninterest income������������������������������������������������������������� 17,686 18,553 -4.7 4,628 4,218 9

Total noninterest expense ����������������������������������������������������������� 58,516 59,083 -1.0 15,290 15,368 -0

Securities gains (losses)������������������������������������������������������������� 559 564 -0.8 167 25 575

Applicable income taxes ������������������������������������������������������������� 5,194 4,503 15.3 1,219 887 37

Extraordinary gains, net�������������������������������������������������������������� 2 40 -94.1 1 -5 N/

Total net income (includes minority interests)��������������������� 18,627 17,732 5.1 4,815 3,954 21

 Bank net income������������������������������������������������������������ 18,603 17,709 5.1 4,807 3,951 21

Net charge-offs���������������������������������������������������������������������������� 2,711 3,983 -31.9 838 1,187 -29

Cash dividends ���������������������������������������������������������������������������� 9,172 8,712 5.3 3,005 2,654 13

Retained earnings ����������������������������������������������������������������������� 9,431 8,997 4.8 1,802 1,297 38

Net operating income����������������������������������������������������������� 18,180 17,253 5.4 4,677 3,942 18

N/M - Not Meaningful
FDIC Quarterly 19 2015, Volume 9, No. 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

TABLE III-B. Aggregate Condition and Income Data by Geographic Region, FDIC-Insured Community Banks

Fourth Quarter 2014

(dollar figures in millions)

Geographic Regions*

All Community Banks New York Atlanta Chicago Kansas City Dallas San Francisco

Number of institutions reporting����������������������������������� 6,037 711 749 1,338 1,541 1,296 402

Total employees (full-time equivalent)������������������������� 442,233 87,336 58,874 94,098 72,043 95,923 33,959

CONDITION DATA

Total assets������������������������������������������������������������������� $2,064,114 $524,271 $253,194 $387,949 $328,097 $402,497 $168,106

Loans secured by real estate�������������������������������� 1,039,753 303,519 135,639 194,622 143,127 177,804 85,042

 1-4 Family residential mortgages ������������������ 364,961 123,359 43,334 71,614 47,107 59,036 20,511

 Nonfarm nonresidential���������������������������������� 400,398 106,515 59,415 70,898 47,953 73,056 42,560

 Construction and development���������������������� 85,104 16,419 14,957 11,802 10,969 24,226 6,731

 Home equity lines������������������������������������������� 50,063 16,510 7,897 12,059 4,483 4,522 4,591

Commercial & industrial loans ������������������������������ 190,501 45,246 20,459 35,084 31,129 41,599 16,983

Loans to individuals����������������������������������������������� 59,009 11,623 7,818 11,952 10,150 13,735 3,731

 Credit cards ���������������������������������������������������� 1,826 201 144 466 468 330 217

Farm loans������������������������������������������������������������� 48,599 494 1,063 7,820 27,788 9,091 2,343

Other loans & leases��������������������������������������������� 31,168 8,910 2,082 5,670 5,324 6,567 2,614

Less: Unearned income ���������������������������������������� 590 157 96 85 29 119 103

Total loans & leases ���������������������������������������������� 1,368,438 369,635 166,964 255,062 217,490 248,677 110,610

Less: Reserve for losses��������������������������������������� 18,991 4,395 2,495 3,812 3,078 3,461 1,750

Net loans and leases��������������������������������������������� 1,349,447 365,240 164,469 251,251 214,413 245,216 108,860

Securities��������������������������������������������������������������� 448,768 103,299 51,089 87,478 73,990 99,284 33,628

Other real estate owned���������������������������������������� 8,743 1,151 2,296 1,767 1,367 1,628 535

Goodwill and other intangibles ����������������������������� 12,604 4,122 1,274 2,184 1,653 2,432 940

All other assets������������������������������������������������������ 244,551 50,459 34,067 45,271 36,675 53,938 24,143

Total liabilities and capital �������������������������������������������� 2,064,114 524,271 253,194 387,949 328,097 402,497 168,106

Deposits����������������������������������������������������������������� 1,693,611 412,609 210,481 321,632 268,642 340,105 140,141

 Domestic office deposits�������������������������������� 1,693,380 412,476 210,435 321,605 268,642 340,105 140,118

 Foreign office deposits����������������������������������� 230 133 47 27 0 0 23

 Brokered deposits ������������������������������������������ 60,581 19,134 6,731 11,427 9,316 8,861 5,112

 Estimated insured deposits ��������������������������� 1,305,346 310,757 163,188 262,863 214,592 252,169 101,776

Other borrowed funds ������������������������������������������� 125,406 48,069 12,774 20,200 21,522 16,294 6,547

Subordinated debt������������������������������������������������� 497 312 44 68 4 7 63

All other liabilities �������������������������������������������������� 15,617 5,291 1,669 2,872 1,845 2,338 1,602

Total equity capital (includes minority interests)�� 228,983 57,991 28,226 43,177 36,084 43,753 19,754

 Bank equity capital����������������������������������������� 228,852 57,941 28,209 43,142 36,081 43,728 19,752

Loans and leases 30-89 days past due����������������������� 9,515 2,691 1,480 1,791 1,089 2,035 430

Noncurrent loans and leases ��������������������������������������� 18,686 6,122 3,056 3,885 1,864 2,655 1,104

Restructured loans and leases ������������������������������������ 10,815 2,590 1,923 2,867 1,264 1,265 907

Mortgage-backed securities ���������������������������������������� 195,080 57,569 22,340 35,103 25,388 38,400 16,280

Earning assets�������������������������������������������������������������� 1,911,229 488,524 232,088 358,514 304,533 371,243 156,326

FHLB Advances������������������������������������������������������������ 92,918 38,468 9,624 13,902 14,912 12,063 3,949

Unused loan commitments������������������������������������������� 250,284 62,408 29,952 46,735 42,408 45,335 23,447

Trust assets������������������������������������������������������������������� 286,949 61,702 12,472 78,826 76,397 48,588 8,964

Assets securitized and sold ����������������������������������������� 15,945 5,672 520 6,220 766 672 2,095

Notional amount of derivatives������������������������������������� 43,789 15,338 5,753 6,749 5,629 7,100 3,221

INCOME DATA

Total interest income ���������������������������������������������������� $19,443 $4,750 $2,471 $3,588 $3,107 $3,920 $1,607

Total interest expense �������������������������������������������������� 2,271 705 293 409 367 370 126

Net interest income ����������������������������������������������� 17,172 4,045 2,178 3,180 2,740 3,549 1,481

Provision for loan and lease losses ����������������������������� 643 216 78 97 102 138 13

Total noninterest income���������������������������������������������� 4,628 857 557 1,214 722 923 354

Total noninterest expense �������������������������������������������� 15,290 3,482 2,072 3,040 2,341 3,064 1,290

Securities gains (losses)���������������������������������������������� 167 76 17 23 25 19 7

Applicable income taxes ���������������������������������������������� 1,219 392 88 267 157 184 131

Extraordinary gains, net����������������������������������������������� 1 0 0 2 -1 0 0

Total net income (includes minority interests)������ 4,815 888 514 1,014 885 1,106 408

 Bank net income��������������������������������������������� 4,807 884 513 1,012 885 1,104 408

Net charge-offs������������������������������������������������������������� 838 165 134 241 119 151 28

Cash dividends ������������������������������������������������������������� 3,005 386 303 717 522 840 237

Retained earnings �������������������������������������������������������� 1,802 499 210 295 363 264 171

Net operating income�������������������������������������������� 4,677 830 499 992 865 1,089 403

* See Table V-A (page 11) for explanations
FDIC Quarterly 20 2015, Volume 9, No. 1

Table IV-B. Fourth Quarter 2014, FDIC-Insured Community Banks

All Community Banks Fourth Quarter 2014, Geographic Regions*

 4th Quarter 

2014

3rd Quarter 

2014 New York Atlanta Chicago Kansas City Dallas San Francisco

Performance ratios (annualized, %)

Yield on earning assets�������������������������������������������������� 4.11 4.14 3.93 4.30 4.03 4.13 4

Cost of funding earning assets �������������������������������������� 0.48 0.49 0.58 0.51 0.46 0.49 0

Net interest margin�������������������������������������������������� 3.63 3.65 3.34 3.79 3.57 3.64 3

Noninterest income to assets����������������������������������������� 0.91 0.90 0.66 0.89 1.26 0.89 0

Noninterest expense to assets��������������������������������������� 2.99 2.94 2.68 3.31 3.16 2.89 3

Loan and lease loss provision to assets������������������������ 0.13 0.11 0.17 0.12 0.10 0.13 0

Net operating income to assets ������������������������������������� 0.92 0.95 0.64 0.80 1.03 1.07 1

Pretax return on assets �������������������������������������������������� 1.18 1.24 0.98 0.96 1.33 1.29 1

Return on assets������������������������������������������������������������� 0.94 0.97 0.68 0.82 1.05 1.09 1

Return on equity ������������������������������������������������������������� 8.48 8.74 6.15 7.34 9.46 9.90 10

Net charge-offs to loans and leases������������������������������ 0.25 0.17 0.18 0.32 0.38 0.22 0

Loan and lease loss provision to net charge-offs���������� 76.79 103.18 130.71 58.38 40.34 85.78 90.

Efficiency ratio ���������������������������������������������������������������� 69.80 68.36 70.69 75.32 68.87 67.24 68.

Net interest income to operating revenue���������������������� 78.77 78.95 82.51 79.63 72.37 79.13 79.

% of unprofitable institutions������������������������������������������ 9.71 6.76 10.13 14.15 10.09 8.05 7.

% of institutions with earnings gains������������������������������ 61.17 62.94 57.38 63.82 58.82 61.78 63.

Table V-B. Full Year 2014, FDIC-Insured Community Banks

All Community Banks Full Year 2014, Geographic Regions*

Full Year

 2014

Full Year

 2013 New York Atlanta Chicago Kansas City Dallas San Francisco

Performance ratios (%)

Yield on earning assets�������������������������������������������������� 4.10 4.16 3.93 4.32 4.02 4.09 4

Cost of funding earning assets �������������������������������������� 0.49 0.57 0.60 0.53 0.47 0.50 0

Net interest margin�������������������������������������������������� 3.61 3.59 3.34 3.79 3.55 3.59 3

Noninterest income to assets����������������������������������������� 0.89 0.94 0.64 0.86 1.20 0.89 0

Noninterest expense to assets��������������������������������������� 2.93 2.99 2.65 3.22 3.08 2.79 3

Loan and lease loss provision to assets������������������������ 0.13 0.16 0.17 0.12 0.12 0.10 0

Net operating income to assets ������������������������������������� 0.91 0.87 0.61 0.77 0.99 1.13 1

Pretax return on assets �������������������������������������������������� 1.19 1.12 0.96 1.02 1.30 1.36 1

Return on assets������������������������������������������������������������� 0.93 0.90 0.65 0.79 1.00 1.15 1

Return on equity ������������������������������������������������������������� 8.49 8.28 5.89 7.23 9.16 10.54 10

Net charge-offs to loans and leases������������������������������ 0.21 0.32 0.21 0.28 0.28 0.16 0

Loan and lease loss provision to net charge-offs���������� 92.42 80.24 117.15 65.81 66.25 97.85 115.

Efficiency ratio ���������������������������������������������������������������� 69.10 69.87 70.61 73.92 68.44 65.70 67.

Net interest income to operating revenue���������������������� 79.01 77.89 82.91 80.09 73.16 78.85 79.

% of unprofitable institutions������������������������������������������ 6.31 8.40 8.02 10.15 7.77 3.76 3

% of institutions with earnings gains������������������������������ 64.12 53.49 59.35 65.55 60.01 66.26 67.

* See Table V-A (page 11) for explanations
FDIC Quarterly 21 2015, Volume 9, No. 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

Table VI-B. Loan Performance, FDIC-Insured Community Banks

December 31, 2014

Geographic Regions*

All Community Banks New York Atlanta Chicago Kansas City Dallas San Francisco

Percent of Loans 30-89 Days Past Due

All loans secured by real estate ������������������������������������������� 0.71 0.72 0.88 0.74 0.52 0.

Construction and development������������������������������������� 0.52 0.76 0.55 0.45 0.37 0.

Nonfarm nonresidential������������������������������������������������� 0.44 0.44 0.54 0.44 0.32 0.

Multifamily residential real estate ��������������������������������� 0.25 0.18 0.29 0.43 0.17 0.

Home equity loans��������������������������������������������������������� 0.54 0.64 0.61 0.55 0.34 0.

Other 1-4 family residential������������������������������������������� 1.21 1.14 1.59 1.25 0.93 1.

Commercial and industrial loans ����������������������������������������� 0.48 0.37 0.65 0.51 0.51 0.

Loans to individuals�������������������������������������������������������������� 1.75 2.72 1.89 1.21 1.02 2.

Credit card loans ����������������������������������������������������������� 1.84 3.26 1.46 1.22 2.91 1.

Other loans to individuals ��������������������������������������������� 1.74 2.71 1.90 1.21 0.93 2.

All other loans and leases (including farm) ������������������������� 0.29 0.33 0.34 0.23 0.26 0.

Total loans and leases���������������������������������������������������������� 0.70 0.73 0.89 0.70 0.50 0.

Percent of Loans Noncurrent**

All loans secured by real estate ������������������������������������������� 1.51 1.74 1.96 1.72 0.99 1.

Construction and development������������������������������������� 2.64 3.13 4.38 3.13 2.03 1.

Nonfarm nonresidential������������������������������������������������� 1.40 1.58 1.69 1.62 1.11 1.

Multifamily residential real estate ��������������������������������� 0.63 0.33 1.44 1.29 0.56 0.

Home equity loans��������������������������������������������������������� 0.82 0.90 0.81 1.01 0.48 0.

Other 1-4 family residential������������������������������������������� 1.76 2.24 1.74 1.94 1.07 1.

Commercial and industrial loans ����������������������������������������� 1.08 1.14 1.14 1.21 1.00 0.

Loans to individuals�������������������������������������������������������������� 0.84 0.95 1.88 0.48 0.49 0.

Credit card loans ����������������������������������������������������������� 0.99 1.72 0.56 0.83 1.41 0.

Other loans to individuals ��������������������������������������������� 0.83 0.94 1.90 0.46 0.45 0.

All other loans and leases (including farm) ������������������������� 0.58 2.30 0.61 0.45 0.27 0.

Total loans and leases���������������������������������������������������������� 1.37 1.66 1.83 1.52 0.86 1.

Percent of Loans Charged-Off (net, YTD)

All loans secured by real estate ������������������������������������������� 0.17 0.19 0.23 0.26 0.11 0.

Construction and development������������������������������������� 0.21 0.35 0.43 0.36 0.07 0.1

Nonfarm nonresidential������������������������������������������������� 0.15 0.12 0.22 0.27 0.15 0.

Multifamily residential real estate ��������������������������������� 0.10 0.03 0.28 0.24 0.13 0.

Home equity loans��������������������������������������������������������� 0.21 0.19 0.25 0.32 0.13 0.

Other 1-4 family residential������������������������������������������� 0.20 0.27 0.19 0.27 0.12 0.

Commercial and industrial loans ����������������������������������������� 0.31 0.28 0.39 0.36 0.31 0.

Loans to individuals�������������������������������������������������������������� 0.72 0.75 0.77 0.59 0.69 0.

Credit card loans ����������������������������������������������������������� 4.30 5.54 1.59 3.28 8.73 1.

Other loans to individuals ��������������������������������������������� 0.60 0.66 0.75 0.48 0.31 0.

All other loans and leases (including farm) ������������������������� 0.15 0.10 0.53 0.15 0.06 0.

Total loans and leases���������������������������������������������������������� 0.21 0.21 0.28 0.28 0.16 0.

Loans Outstanding (in billions)

All loans secured by real estate ������������������������������������������� $1,039.8 $303.5 $135.6 $194.6 $143.1 $177.

Construction and development������������������������������������� 85.1 16.4 15.0 11.8 11.0 2

Nonfarm nonresidential������������������������������������������������� 400.4 106.5 59.4 70.9 48.0 73

Multifamily residential real estate ��������������������������������� 80.4 39.2 5.9 14.0 7.2 

Home equity loans��������������������������������������������������������� 50.1 16.5 7.9 12.1 4.5 

Other 1-4 family residential������������������������������������������� 365.0 123.4 43.3 71.6 47.1 59

Commercial and industrial loans ����������������������������������������� 190.5 45.2 20.5 35.1 31.1 41

Loans to individuals�������������������������������������������������������������� 59.0 11.6 7.8 12.0 10.1 1

Credit card loans ����������������������������������������������������������� 1.8 0.2 0.1 0.5 0.5 

Other loans to individuals ��������������������������������������������� 57.2 11.4 7.7 11.5 9.7 1

All other loans and leases (including farm) ������������������������� 79.8 9.4 3.1 13.5 33.1 1

Total loans and leases���������������������������������������������������������� 1,369.0 369.8 167.1 255.1 217.5 248.

Memo: Unfunded Commitments (in millions)

Total Unfunded Commitments ��������������������������������������������� 250,284 62,408 29,952 46,735 42,408 45,335 23,447

Construction and development: 1-4 family residential �� 19,549 4,292 3,535 2,106 2,305 5,568 1,743

Construction and development: CRE and other ����������� 45,722 13,854 6,469 6,504 5,402 10,139 3,354

Commercial and industrial �������������������������������������������� 85,978 20,058 8,837 17,706 14,634 16,093 8,651

* See Table V-A (page 11) for explanations

** Noncurrent loan rates represent the percentage of loans in each category that are past due 90 days or more or that are in nonaccrual status
FDIC Quarterly 22 2015, Volume 9, No. 1

Total assets of the 6,509 FDIC-insured institutions 

increased by 1.3 percent ($204.4 billion) during the 

fourth quarter of 2014. Total deposits increased by 

1.4 percent ($167.3 billion), domestic office deposits 

increased by 1.9 percent ($195.2 billion), and foreign 

office deposits decreased by 2 percent ($27.9 billion). 

Domestic noninterest-bearing deposits increased by 

1.7 percent ($46.6 billion), savings deposits and interest-bearing checking accounts increased by 0.9 percent 

($51.8 billion), and domestic time deposits increased 

by 6 percent ($96.8 billion). For the twelve months 

ending December 31, total domestic deposits grew 

by 5.9 percent ($576.9 billion), with interest-bearing 

deposits increasing by 4.7 percent ($336 billion) and 

noninterest-bearing deposits rising by 9.2 percent 

($240.9 billion).1 Foreign deposits decreased by 

0.4 percent, other borrowed money increased by 

15.3 percent, while securities sold under agreements 

to repurchase declined by 9.3 percent over the same 

twelve-month period.2 At the end of the fourth quarter, domestic deposits funded 66.7 percent of industry 

assets, the largest share since the fourth quarter of 1993, 

when the share was 67.9 percent.

Total estimated insured deposits increased by 1 percent 

in the quarter ending December 31, and by 3.2 percent 

for all of 2014.3 For institutions existing at the start and 

the end of the fourth quarter, insured deposits increased 

during the quarter at 3,752 institutions (58 percent), 

decreased at 2,735 institutions (42 percent), and 

remained unchanged at 31 institutions.

1

 Throughout the insurance fund discussion, FDIC-insured institutions 

include insured commercial banks and savings associations and, 

except where noted, exclude insured branches of foreign banks. 

2

 Other borrowed money includes FHLB advances, term federal funds, 

mortgage indebtedness, and other borrowings.

3

 Figures for estimated insured deposits in this discussion include 

insured branches of foreign banks, in addition to insured commercial 

banks and savings institutions.

The condition of the Deposit Insurance Fund (DIF) 

continues to improve. The DIF increased by 

$8.5 billion during the fourth quarter to $62.8 billion. 

The main drivers of the increase were a negative provision for insurance losses of $6.8 billion—reflecting a 

reduction in estimated losses from failed institution 

assets—and assessment income of $2 billion. Interest 

revenue, combined with unrealized gains on availablefor-sale securities and all other revenue (net of 

expenses) added another $51 million. Fourth quarter 

operating expenses reduced the fund balance by 

$408 million. For all of 2014, 18 insured institutions 

with combined assets of $2.9 billion failed, down from 

24 failures with combined assets of $6 billion in 2013. 

The DIF’s reserve ratio—the fund balance as a percent 

of estimated insured deposits—was 1.01 percent as of 

the fourth quarter, up from 0.88 percent in the prior 

quarter and 0.79 percent one year earlier. 

Effective April 1, 2011, the deposit insurance assessment base changed to average consolidated total assets 

minus average tangible equity.4 Revisions to insurance 

assessment rates and risk-based pricing rules for large 

banks (banks with assets greater than $10 billion) also 

became effective on that date.5 Table 1 shows the distribution of the assessment base by institution asset size 

category as of the fourth quarter.

4

 There is an additional adjustment to the assessment base for banker’s banks and custodial banks, as permitted under Dodd-Frank.

5

 The Fourth Quarter 2010 Quarterly Banking Profile includes a more 

detailed explanation of these changes.

■ Insured Deposits Grow by 1 Percent 

■ DIF Reserve Ratio Rises 13 Basis Points to 1.01 Percent

■ Four Institutions Fail During Fourth Quarter

INSURANCE FUND INDICATORS
FDIC Quarterly 23 2015, Volume 9, No. 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

Dodd-Frank requires that, for at least five years, the 

FDIC must make available to the public the reserve 

ratio and the Designated Reserve Ratio (DRR) using 

both estimated insured deposits and the new assessment 

base. As of December 31, 2014, the FDIC reserve ratio 

would have been 0.47 percent using the new assessment 

base (compared to 1.01 percent using estimated insured 

deposits), and the 2 percent DRR using estimated 

insured deposits would have been 0.93 percent using 

the new assessment base. 

Author: Kevin Brown, Senior Financial Analyst

Division of Insurance and Research

(202) 898-6817

Table 1

Distribution of the Assessment Base for FDIC-Insured Institutions* 

by Asset Size

Data as of December 31, 2014

Asset Size

Number of 

Institutions

Percent of 

Total Institutions

Assessment Base** 

($ Bil.)

Percent of 

Base

Less Than $1 Billion 5,828 89.5 $1,184.8 8.9

$1 - $10 Billion 574 8.8 1,398.9 10.5

$10 - $50 Billion 72 1.1 1,449.5 10.9

$50 - $100 Billion 12 0.2 819.2 6.2

Over $100 Billion 23 0.4 8,433.4 63.5

Total 6,509 100.0 13,285.9 100.0

* Excludes insured U.S. branches of foreign banks.

** Average consolidated total assets minus average tangible equity, with adjustments for banker’s banks and custodial banks.
FDIC Quarterly 24 2015, Volume 9, No. 1

DIF Reserve Ratios

Percent of Insured Deposits

0.45

0.60 0.64 0.68

0.79 0.80

0.88

0.17

0.22

0.32 0.35

0.84

1.01

12/11 6/12 12/12 6/13 12/13 6/14 12/14

Table I-C. Insurance Fund Balances and Selected Indicators

(dollar figures in millions)

Deposit Insurance Fund*

4th 

Quarter 

2014

3rd 

Quarter 

2014

2nd 

Quarter 

2014

1st 

Quarter 

2014

4th 

Quarter 

2013

3rd 

Quarter 

2013

2nd 

Quarter 

2013

1st 

Quarter 

2013

4th 

Quarter 

2012

3rd 

Quarter 

2012

2nd 

Quarter 

2012

1st 

Quarter 

2012

4th 

Quarter 

2011

Beginning Fund Balance ... $54,320 $51,059 $48,893 $47,191 $40,758 $37,871 $35,742 $32,958 $25,224 $22,693 $15,292 $11,827 $7,813

Changes in Fund Balance:

Assessments earned .......... 2,030 2,009 2,224 2,393 2,224 2,339 2,526 2,645 2,937 2,833 2,933 3,694 3,209

Interest earned on 

investment securities ...... 70 80 87 45 23 34 54 -9 66 -8 81 20 33

Realized gain on sale of

investments...................... 0 0 0 0 302 156 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Operating expenses ........... 408 406 428 422 436 298 439 436 469 442 407 460 334

Provision for insurance 

losses .............................. -6,787 -1,663 -204 348 -4,588 -539 -33 -499 -3,344 -84 -807 12 1,533

All other income, 

net of expenses ............... -43 6 6 9 9 46 51 55 1,878 57 4,095 63 2,599

Unrealized gain/(loss) on 

available-for-sale 

securities ......................... 24 -91 73 25 -277 71 -96 30 -22 7 -108 160 40

Total fund balance change ... 8,460 3,261 2,166 1,702 6,433 2,887 2,129 2,784 7,734 2,531 7,401 3,465 4,014

Ending Fund Balance ....... 62,780 54,320 51,059 48,893 47,191 40,758 37,871 35,742 32,958 25,224 22,693 15,292 11,827

Percent change from 

 four quarters earlier ....... 33.03 33.27 34.82 36.79 43.19 61.58 66.88 133.73 178.67 222.85 4

Reserve Ratio (%) ............. 1.01 0.88 0.84 0.80 0.79 0.68 0.64 0.60 0.45 0.35 0

Estimated Insured 

Deposits** .......................... 6,203,524 6,139,153 6,110,547 6,120,779 6,010,854 5,967,558 5,951,124 5,999,614 7,405,043 7,248,466 7,081,206 7,031,331 6,973,468

Percent change from 

 four quarters earlier ....... 3.21 2.88 2.68 2.02 -18.83 -17.67 -15.96 -14.67 6.19 7.32 8.5

Domestic Deposits ........... 10,408,068 10,213,079 10,099,338 9,962,453 9,825,398 9,631,580 9,424,504 9,454,658 9,474,585 9,084,803 8,937,725 8,848,706 8,782,134

Percent change from 

 four quarters earlier ....... 5.93 6.04 7.16 5.37 3.70 6.02 5.45 6.85 7.88 6.55 8.4

Number of Institutions 

Reporting ....................... 6,518 6,598 6,665 6,739 6,821 6,900 6,949 7,028 7,092 7,190 7,254 7,317 7,366

Deposit Insurance Fund Balance 

and Insured Deposits

($ Millions)

DIF 

Balance

DIF-Insured 

Deposits

12/11 $11,827 $6,973,468

3/12 15,292 7,031,331

6/12 22,693 7,081,206

9/12 25,224 7,248,466

12/12 32,958 7,405,043

3/13 35,742 5,999,614

6/13 37,871 5,951,124

9/13 40,758 5,967,558

12/13 47,191 6,010,854

3/14 48,893 6,120,779

6/14 51,059 6,110,547

9/14 54,320 6,139,153

12/14 62,780 6,203,524

Table II-C. Problem Institutions and Failed/Assisted Institutions

(dollar figures in millions) 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009

Problem Institutions

Number of institutions ���������������������������������������������������������������������� 291 467 651 813 884 702

Total assets��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� $86,712 $152,687 $232,701 $319,432 $390,017 $402,782

Failed Institutions

Number of institutions ���������������������������������������������������������������������� 18 24 51 92 157 140

Total assets***���������������������������������������������������������������������������������� $2,914 $6,044 $11,617 $34,923 $92,085 $169,709

Assisted Institutions****

Number of institutions ���������������������������������������������������������������������� 0 0 0 0 0 8

Total assets��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $1,917,482

* Quarterly financial statement results are unaudited. NM - Not meaningf

** Beginning in the third quarter of 2009, estimates of insured deposits are based on a $250,000 general coverage limit. The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act

(Dodd-Frank) temporarily provided unlimited coverage for noninterest-bearing transaction accounts for two years beginning December 31, 2010, and ending December 31, 2012

*** Total assets are based on final Call Reports submitted by failed institutions

**** Assisted institutions represent eight institutions under a single holding company that received assistance in 2009
FDIC Quarterly 25 2015, Volume 9, No. 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

Table III-C. Estimated FDIC-Insured Deposits by Type of Institution

(dollar figures in millions) 

December 31, 2014

Number of 

Institutions

Total 

Assets

Domestic 

Deposits*

Est. Insured 

Deposits

Commercial Banks and Savings Institutions

FDIC-Insured Commercial Banks ����������������������������������������������� 5,642 $14,484,233 $9,549,646 $5,498,463

 FDIC-Supervised ������������������������������������������������������������������� 3,719 2,296,401 1,780,740 1,310,632

 OCC-Supervised�������������������������������������������������������������������� 1,065 9,955,158 6,272,963 3,437,487

 Federal Reserve-Supervised������������������������������������������������� 858 2,232,674 1,495,944 750,344

FDIC-Insured Savings Institutions ���������������������������������������������� 867 1,069,427 818,292 676,165

 OCC-Supervised Savings Institutions ����������������������������������� 448 706,826 546,639 456,501

 FDIC-Supervised Savings Institutions����������������������������������� 419 362,601 271,654 219,664

Total Commercial Banks and Savings Institutions ���������������������� 6,509 15,553,660 10,367,939 6,174,628

Other FDIC-Insured Institutions

U.S. Branches of Foreign Banks ������������������������������������������������� 9 96,701 40,130 28,8

Total FDIC-Insured Institutions���������������������������������������������������� . 6,518 15,650,361 10,408,068 6,203,5

* Excludes $1.4 trillion in foreign office deposits, which are not FDIC insure

Table IV-C. Distribution of Institutions and Assessment Base by Assessment Rate Range

Quarter Ending September 30, 2014 (dollar figures in billions)

Annual Rate in Basis Points

Number of 

Institutions

Percent of Total 

Institutions

Amount of 

Assessment Base*

Percent of Total 

Assessment Base

2.50-5.00 1,476 22.37 $3,451.2 

5.01-7.50 3,043 46.12 7,985.7 

7.51-10.00 1,177 17.84 1,007.4

10.01-15.00 553 8.38 477.4

15.01-20.00 25 0.38 92.6

 20.01-25.00 267 4.05 54.4

 25.01-30.00 4 0.06 20.5

 30.01-35.00 49 0.74 9.7

greater than 35.00 4 0.06 8.3 

* Beginning in the second quarter of 2011, the assessment base was changed to average consolidated total assets minus tangible equity, as 

required by the Dodd-Frank Act
FDIC Quarterly 26 2015, Volume 9, No. 1

The fourth step includes organizations that operate within a 

limited geographic scope. This limitation of scope is used as a 

proxy measure for a bank’s relationship approach to banking. 

Banks that operate within a limited market area have more 

ease in managing relationships at a personal level. Under this 

step, four criteria are applied to each banking organization. 

They include both a minimum and maximum number of total 

banking offices, a maximum level of deposits for any one 

office, and location-based criteria. The limits on the number 

of and deposits per office are gradually adjusted upward over 

time. For banking offices, banks must have more than one 

office, and the maximum number of offices starts at 40 in 1985 

and reaches 75 in 2010. The maximum level of deposits for 

any one office is $1.25 billion in deposits in 1985 and $5 billion in deposits in 2010. The remaining geographic limitations 

are also based on maximums for the number of states (fixed at 

3) and large metropolitan areas (fixed at 2) in which the organization maintains offices. Branch office data are based on the 

most recent data from the annual June 30 Summary of Deposits 

Survey that are available at the time of publication.

Finally, the definition establishes an asset-size limit, also 

adjusted upward over time from $250 million in 1985 to 

$1 billion in 2010, below which the limits on banking activities and geographic scope are waived. This final step acknowledges the fact that most of those small banks that are not 

excluded as specialty banks meet the requirements for banking activities and geographic limits in any event.

Summary of FDIC Research Definition of Community 

Banking Organizations

Community banks are designated at the level of the banking.

(All charters under designated holding companies are considered community banking charters.)

Exclude: Any organization with:

— No loans or no core deposits

— Foreign Assets ≥ 10% of total assets

— More than 50% of assets in certain specialty banks, 

including:

• credit card specialists

• consumer nonbank banks1

• industrial loan companies

• trust companies

• bankers’ banks 

Include: All remaining banking organizations with:

— Total assets < indexed size threshold 

2

— Total assets ≥ indexed size threshold, where:

• Loan to assets > 33%

• Core deposits to assets > 50%

• More than 1 office but no more than the indexed 

maximum number of offices.3

1

 Consumer nonbank banks are financial institutions with limited charters that can make commercial loans or take deposits, but not both.

2

 Asset size threshold indexed to equal $250 million in 1985 and 

$1 billion in 2010.

3

 Maximum number of offices indexed to equal 40 in 1985 and 75 

in 2010.

Notes to Users

This publication contains financial data and other information for depository institutions insured by the Federal Deposit 

Insurance Corporation (FDIC). These notes are an integral 

part of this publication and provide information regarding 

the comparability of source data and reporting differences 

over time.

Tables I-A through VIII-A.

The information presented in Tables I-A through V-A of 

the FDIC Quarterly Banking Profile is aggregated for all FDICinsured institutions, both commercial banks and savings institutions. Tables VI-A (Derivatives) and VII-A (Servicing, 

Securitization, and Asset Sales Activities) aggregate information only for insured commercial banks and state-chartered 

savings banks that file quarterly Call Reports. Table VIII-A 

(Trust Services) aggregates Trust asset and income information collected annually from all FDIC-insured institutions. 

Some tables are arrayed by groups of FDIC-insured institutions based on predominant types of asset concentration, 

while other tables aggregate institutions by asset size and 

geographic region. Quarterly and full-year data are provided 

for selected indicators, including aggregate condition and 

income data, performance ratios, condition ratios, and structural changes, as well as past due, noncurrent, and charge-off 

information for loans outstanding and other assets.

Tables I-B through VI-B.

The information presented in Tables I-B through VI-B is 

aggregated for all FDIC-insured commercial banks and savings 

institutions meeting the criteria for community banks that 

were developed for the FDIC’s Community Banking Study, 

published in December, 2012: http://fdic.gov/regulations/

resources/cbi/report/cbi-full.pdf. 

The determination of which insured institutions are considered community banks is based on five steps.

The first step in defining a community bank is to aggregate 

all charter-level data reported under each holding company 

into a single banking organization. This aggregation applies 

both to balance-sheet measures and the number and location 

of banking offices. Under the FDIC definition, if the banking 

organization is designated as a community bank, every charter reporting under that organization is also considered a 

community bank when working with data at the charter 

level. 

The second step is to exclude any banking organization 

where more than 50 percent of total assets are held in certain 

specialty banking charters, including: credit card specialists, 

consumer nonbank banks, industrial loan companies, trust companies, bankers’ banks, and banks holding 10 percent or more 

of total assets in foreign offices. 

Once the specialty organizations are removed, the third step 

involves including organizations that engage in basic banking 

activities as measured by the total loans-to-assets ratio (greater than 33 percent) and the ratio of core deposits to assets 

(greater than 50 percent). Core deposits are defined as nonbrokered deposits in domestic offices. Analysis of the underlying data shows that these thresholds establish meaningful 

levels of basic lending and deposit gathering and still allow 

for a degree of diversity in how individual banks construct 

their balance sheets.
FDIC Quarterly 27 2015, Volume 9, No. 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

• Number of large MSAs with offices ≤ 2

• Number of states with offices ≤ 3

• No single office with deposits > indexed maximum 

branch deposit size.4

Tables I-C through IV-C.

A separate set of tables (Tables I-C through IV-C) provides 

comparative quarterly data related to the Deposit Insurance 

Fund (DIF), problem institutions, failed/assisted institutions, 

estimated FDIC-insured deposits, as well as assessment rate 

information. Depository institutions that are not insured by the 

FDIC through the DIF are not included in the FDIC Quarterly 

Banking Profile. U.S. branches of institutions headquartered in 

foreign countries and non-deposit trust companies are not 

included unless otherwise indicated. Efforts are made to obtain 

financial reports for all active institutions. However, in some 

cases, final financial reports are not available for institutions 

that have closed or converted their charters.

DATA SOURCES

The financial information appearing in this publication is 

obtained primarily from the Federal Financial Institutions 

Examination Council (FFIEC) Consolidated Reports of 

Condition and Income (Call Reports) and the OTS Thrift 

Financial Reports submitted by all FDIC-insured depository 

institutions. (TFR filers began filing Call Reports effective 

with the quarter ending March 31, 2012.) This information is 

stored on and retrieved from the FDIC’s Research 

Information System (RIS) database.

COMPUTATION METHODOLOGY

Parent institutions are required to file consolidated reports, 

while their subsidiary financial institutions are still required 

to file separate reports. Data from subsidiary institution 

reports are included in the Quarterly Banking Profile tables, 

which can lead to double-counting. No adjustments are made 

for any double-counting of subsidiary data. Additionally, 

certain adjustments are made to the OTS Thrift Financial 

Reports to provide closer conformance with the reporting and 

accounting requirements of the FFIEC Call Reports. (TFR 

filers began filing Call Reports effective with the quarter ending March 31, 2012.)

All asset and liability figures used in calculating performance 

ratios represent average amounts for the period (beginning-ofperiod amount plus end-of-period amount plus any interim 

periods, divided by the total number of periods). For “poolingof-interest” mergers, the assets of the acquired institution(s) 

are included in average assets since the year-to-date income 

includes the results of all merged institutions. No adjustments 

are made for “purchase accounting” mergers. Growth rates 

represent the percentage change over a 12-month period in 

totals for institutions in the base period to totals for institutions in the current period. For the community bank subgroup, growth rates will reflect changes over time in the 

number and identities of institutions designated as community banks, as well as changes in the assets and liabilities, and 

income and expenses of group members. Unless indicated 

otherwise, growth rates are not adjusted for mergers or other 

changes in the composition of the community bank subgroup.

4

 Maximum branch deposit size indexed to equal $1.25 billion in 1985 

and $5 billion in 2010.

All data are collected and presented based on the location of 

each reporting institution’s main office. Reported data may 

include assets and liabilities located outside of the reporting 

institution’s home state. In addition, institutions may relocate 

across state lines or change their charters, resulting in an 

inter-regional or inter-industry migration, e.g., institutions 

can move their home offices between regions, and savings 

institutions can convert to commercial banks or commercial 

banks may convert to savings institutions.

ACCOUNTING CHANGES

Private Company Accounting Alternatives, Including Accounting 

for Goodwill 

On January 16, 2014, the FASB issued Accounting Standards 

Update (ASU) No. 2014-02, “Accounting for Goodwill.” This 

ASU generally permits a private company to elect to amortize 

goodwill on a straight-line basis over a period of ten years (or 

less than ten years if more appropriate) and apply a simplified 

impairment model to goodwill. In addition, if a private company chooses to adopt the ASU’s goodwill accounting alternative, the ASU requires the private company to make an 

accounting policy election to test goodwill for impairment at 

either the entity level or the reporting unit level. Goodwill 

must be tested for impairment when a triggering event occurs 

that indicates that the fair value of an entity (or a reporting 

unit) may be below its carrying amount. In contrast, existing 

U.S. GAAP does not permit goodwill to be amortized, instead 

requiring goodwill to be tested for impairment at the reporting 

unit level annually and between annual tests in certain circumstances. The ASU’s goodwill accounting alternative, if 

elected by a private company, is effective prospectively for 

new goodwill recognized in annual periods beginning after 

December 15, 2014, and in interim periods within annual 

periods beginning after December 15, 2015. Goodwill existing 

as of the beginning of the period of adoption is to be amortized prospectively over ten years (or less than ten years if 

more appropriate). The ASU states that early application of 

the goodwill accounting alternative is permitted for any annual or interim period for which a private company’s financial 

statements have not yet been made available for issuance. 

A bank or savings association that meets the private company 

definition in ASU 2014-02 is permitted, but not required, to 

adopt this ASU for Call Report purposes and may choose to 

early adopt the ASU. For example, a calendar year private 

institution could begin to apply the provisions of ASU 2014-

02 in its Call Report for September 30, 2014, in which case it 

would report nine months’ amortization of goodwill existing 

as of January 1, 2014, and the amortization of any new goodwill recognized in the first nine months of 2014. Goodwill 

amortization expense should be reported unless the amortization is associated with a discontinued operation, in which 

case the goodwill amortization should be included within the 

results of discontinued as “Extraordinary items and other 

adjustments, net of income taxes.”

For additional information on the private company accounting alternative for goodwill, institutions should refer to ASU 

2014-02, which is available at http://www.fasb.org/jsp/FASB/

Page/SectionPage&cid=1176156316498. 

Definitions of Private Company and Public Business Entity 

According to ASU No. 2014-02, “Accounting for Goodwill,” 

a private company is a business entity that is not a public 
FDIC Quarterly 28 2015, Volume 9, No. 1

Reclassification of Residential Real Estate Collateralized Consumer 

Mortgage Loans Upon Foreclosure

In January 2014, the FASB issued Accounting Standards 

Update (ASU) No. 2014-04, “Reclassification of Residential 

Real Estate Collateralized Consumer Mortgage Loans upon 

Foreclosure,” to address diversity in practice for when certain 

loan receivables should be derecognized and the real estate 

collateral recognized. The ASU updated guidance contained 

in Accounting Standards Codification Subtopic 310-40, 

Receivables–Troubled Debt Restructurings by Creditors (formerly FASB Statement No.15, “Accounting by Debtors and 

Creditors for Troubled Debt Restructurings,” as amended).

Under prior accounting guidance, all loan receivables were 

reclassified to other real estate owned (OREO) when the 

institution, as creditor, obtained physical possession of the 

property, regardless of whether formal foreclosure proceedings 

had taken place. The new ASU clarifies when a creditor is 

considered to have received physical possession (resulting 

from an in-substance repossession or foreclosure) of residential 

real estate collateralizing a consumer mortgage loan. Under 

the new guidance, physical possession for these residential real 

estate properties is considered to have occurred and a loan 

receivable would be reclassified to OREO only upon:

— The institution obtaining legal title upon completion of a 

foreclosure even if the borrower has redemption rights that 

provide the borrower with a legal right for a period of time 

after foreclosure to reclaim the property by paying certain 

amounts specified by law, or

— The completion of a deed in lieu of foreclosure or similar 

legal agreement under which the borrower conveys all 

interest in the residential real estate property to the institution to satisfy the loan.

Loans secured by real estate other than consumer mortgage 

loans collateralized by residential real estate should continue 

to be reclassified to OREO when the institution has received 

physical possession of a borrower’s real estate, regardless of 

whether formal foreclosure proceedings take place.

For institutions that are public business entities, as defined 

under U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, ASU 

2014-04 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within 

those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2014. For 

example, institutions with a calendar year fiscal year that are 

public business entities must apply the ASU in their Call 

Reports beginning March 31, 2015. However, institutions 

that are not public business entities are not required to apply 

the guidance in ASU 2014-04 until annual periods beginning 

after December 15, 2014, and interim periods within annual 

periods beginning after December 15, 2015. Thus, institutions 

with a calendar year fiscal year that are not public business 

entities must apply the ASU in their December 31, 2015, and 

subsequent quarterly Call Reports. Earlier adoption of the 

guidance in ASU 2014-04 is permitted. Entities can elect to 

apply the ASU on either a modified retrospective transition 

basis or a prospective transition basis. Applying the ASU on a 

prospective transition basis should be less complex for institutions than applying the ASU on a modified retrospective transition basis. Under the prospective transition method, an 

institution should apply the new guidance to all instances 

where it receives physical possession of residential real estate 

property collateralizing consumer mortgage loans that occur 

after the date of adoption of the ASU. Under the modified 

business entity. ASU No. 2013-12, “Definition of a Public 

Business Entity,” which was issued in December 2013, added 

this term to the Master Glossary in the Accounting Standards 

Codification. This ASU states that a business entity, such as 

a bank or savings association, that meets any one of five criteria set forth in the ASU is a public business entity for reporting purposes under U.S. GAAP, including for Call Report 

purposes. An institution that is a public business entity is not 

permitted to apply the private company goodwill accounting 

alternative discussed in the preceding section when preparing 

its Call Report.

For additional information on the definition of a public business entity, institutions should refer to ASU 2013-12, which 

is available at http://www.fasb.org/jsp/FASB/Page/

SectionPage&cid=1176156316498.

Reporting Certain Government-Guaranteed Mortgage Loans 

Upon Foreclosure 

In August 2014, the FASB issued Accounting Standards 

Update (ASU) No. 2014-14, “Classification of Certain 

Government-Guaranteed Mortgage Loans Upon Foreclosure,” 

to address diversity in practice for how government-guaranteed mortgage loans are recorded upon foreclosure. The ASU 

updates guidance contained in ASC Subtopic 310-40, 

Receivables—Troubled Debt Restructurings by Creditors (formerly FASB Statement No. 15, “Accounting by Debtors and 

Creditors for Troubled Debt Restructurings,” as amended), 

because U.S. GAAP previously did not provide specific guidance on how to categorize or measure foreclosed mortgage 

loans that are government guaranteed. 

This guidance is applicable to fully and partially governmentguaranteed mortgage loans. Upon foreclosure, the separate 

other receivable should be measured based on the amount of 

the loan balance (principal and interest) expected to be 

recovered from the guarantor. This other receivable should be 

reported in “All other assets.” Any interest income earned on 

the other receivable would be reported in “Other interest 

income.” Other real estate owned would not be recognized by 

the institution. 

For institutions that are public business entities, as defined 

under U.S. GAAP, ASU 2014-14 is effective for fiscal years, 

and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after 

December 15, 2014. For example, institutions with a calendar 

year fiscal year that are public business entities must apply 

the ASU in their Call Reports beginning March 31, 2015. 

However, institutions that are not public business entities 

(i.e., that are private companies) are not required to apply 

the guidance in ASU 2014-14 until annual periods ending 

after December 15, 2015, and interim periods beginning 

after December 15, 2015. Thus, institutions with a calendar 

year fiscal year that are private companies must apply the 

ASU in their December 31, 2015, and subsequent quarterly 

Call Reports. Earlier adoption of the guidance in ASU 2014-

14 is permitted if the institution has already adopted the 

amendments in ASU No. 2014-04, “Reclassification of 

Residential Real Estate Collateralized Consumer Mortgage 

Loans Upon Foreclosure.” Entities can elect to apply ASU 

2014-14 on either a modified retrospective transition basis or 

a prospective transition basis. For additional information, 

institutions should refer to ASU 2014-14, which is available 

at http://www.fasb.org/jsp/FASB/Page/SectionPage&cid=

1176156316498. 
FDIC Quarterly 29 2015, Volume 9, No. 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

a Result of a Government-Assisted Acquisition of a Financial 

Institution,” to address the subsequent measurement of an 

indemnification asset recognized in an acquisition of a financial institution that includes an FDIC loss-sharing agreement. 

This ASU amends ASC Topic 805, Business Combinations 

(formerly FASB Statement No. 141 (revised 2007), “Business 

Combinations”), which includes guidance applicable to FDICassisted acquisitions of failed institutions.

Under the ASU, when an institution experiences a change in 

the cash flows expected to be collected on an FDIC losssharing indemnification asset because of a change in the cash 

flows expected to be collected on the assets covered by the 

loss-sharing agreement, the institution should account for the 

change in the measurement of the indemnification asset on 

the same basis as the change in the assets subject to indemnification. Any amortization of changes in the value of the 

indemnification asset should be limited to the lesser of the 

term of the indemnification agreement and the remaining life 

of the indemnified assets.

The ASU is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning on or after December 15, 2012. 

For institutions with a calendar year fiscal year, the ASU takes 

effect January 1, 2013. Early adoption of the ASU is permitted. 

The ASU’s provisions should be applied prospectively to any 

new indemnification assets acquired after the date of adoption 

and to indemnification assets existing as of the date of adoption arising from an FDIC-assisted acquisition of a financial 

institution. Institutions with indemnification assets arising 

from FDIC loss-sharing agreements are expected to adopt ASU 

2012-06 for Call Report purposes in accordance with the effective date of this standard. For additional information, refer to 

ASU 2012-06, available at http://www.fasb.org/jsp/FASB/

Page/SectionPage&cid=1176156316498.

Goodwill Impairment Testing – In September 2011, the FASB 

issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2011-08, 

“Testing Goodwill for Impairment,” to address concerns about 

the cost and complexity of the existing goodwill impairment 

test in ASC Topic 350, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other 

(formerly FASB Statement No. 142, “Goodwill and Other 

Intangible Assets”). The ASU’s amendments to ASC 

Topic 350 are effective for annual and interim goodwill 

impairment tests performed for fiscal years beginning after 

December 15, 2011 (i.e., for annual or interim tests performed 

on or after January 1, 2012, for institutions with a calendar 

year fiscal year). Early adoption of the ASU was permitted. 

Under ASU 2011-08, an institution has the option of first 

assessing qualitative factors to determine whether it is necessary to perform the two-step quantitative goodwill impairment test described in ASC Topic 350. If, after considering 

all relevant events and circumstances, an institution determines it is unlikely (that is, a likelihood of 50 percent or less) 

that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying 

amount (including goodwill), then the institution does not 

need to perform the two-step goodwill impairment test. If the 

institution instead concludes that the opposite is true (that is, 

it is likely that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its 

carrying amount), then it is required to perform the first step 

and, if necessary, the second step of the two-step goodwill 

impairment test. Under ASU 2011-08, an institution may 

choose to bypass the qualitative assessment for any reporting 

unit in any period and proceed directly to performing the first 

step of the two-step goodwill impairment test.

retrospective transition method, an institution should apply a 

cumulative-effect adjustment to residential consumer mortgage 

loans and OREO existing as of the beginning of the annual 

period for which the ASU is effective. As a result of adopting 

the ASU on a modified retrospective basis, assets reclassified 

from OREO to loans should be measured at the carrying value 

of the real estate at the date of adoption while assets reclassified from loans to OREO should be measured at the lower of 

the net amount of the loan receivable or the OREO property’s 

fair value less costs to sell at the time of adoption.

For additional information, institutions should refer to ASU 

2014-04, which is available at http://www.fasb.org/jsp/FASB/

Page/SectionPage&cid=1176156316498.

True-Up Liability Under an FDIC Loss-Sharing Agreement 

An insured depository institution that acquires a failed 

insured institution may enter into a loss-sharing agreement 

with the FDIC under which the FDIC agrees to absorb a portion of the losses on a specified pool of the failed institution’s 

assets during a specified time period. The acquiring institution 

typically records an indemnification asset representing its 

right to receive payments from the FDIC for losses during the 

specified time period on assets covered under the loss-sharing 

agreement. 

Since 2009, most loss-sharing agreements have included a 

true-up provision that may require the acquiring institution 

to reimburse the FDIC if cumulative losses in the acquired 

loss-share portfolio are less than the amount of losses claimed 

by the institution throughout the loss-sharing period. 

Typically, a true-up liability may result because the recovery 

period on the loss-share assets (e.g., eight years) is longer 

than the period during which the FDIC agrees to reimburse 

the acquiring institution for losses on the loss-share portfolio 

(e.g., five years). 

Consistent with U.S. GAAP and bank guidance for 

“Offsetting,” institutions are permitted to offset assets and liabilities recognized in the Report of Condition when a “right 

of setoff” exists. Under ASC Subtopic 210-20, Balance 

Sheet—Offsetting (formerly FASB Interpretation No. 39, 

“Offsetting of Amounts Related to Certain Contracts”), in 

general, a right of setoff exists when a reporting institution 

and another party each owes the other determinable amounts, 

the reporting institution has the right to set off the amounts 

each party owes and also intends to set off, and the right of 

setoff is enforceable at law. Because the conditions for the 

existence of a right of offset in ASC Subtopic 210-20 normally would not be met with respect to an indemnification asset 

and a true-up liability under a loss-sharing agreement with 

the FDIC, this asset and liability should not be netted for Call 

Report purposes. Therefore, institutions should report the 

indemnification asset gross (i.e., without regard to any true-up 

liability) in Other Assets, and any true-up liability in Other 

Liabilities. 

In addition, an institution should not continue to report 

assets covered by loss-sharing agreements after the expiration 

of the loss-sharing period even if the terms of the loss-sharing 

agreement require reimbursements from the institution to the 

FDIC for certain amounts during the recovery period.

Indemnification Assets and Accounting Standards Update No. 2012-

06 – In October 2012, the FASB issued Accounting Standards 

Update (ASU) No. 2012-06, “Subsequent Accounting for an 

Indemnification Asset Recognized at the Acquisition Date as 
FDIC Quarterly 30 2015, Volume 9, No. 1

forming TDR loan, if it is in compliance with its modified 

terms. If a TDR is not in compliance with its modified terms, 

it is reported as a past-due and nonaccrual loan in the appropriate loan category, as well as distinguished from other past 

due and nonaccrual loans. To be considered in compliance 

with its modified terms, a loan that is a TDR must not be in 

nonaccrual status and must be current or less than 30 days past 

due on its contractual principal and interest payments under 

the modified repayment terms. A loan restructured in a TDR 

is an impaired loan. Thus, all TDRs must be measured for 

impairment in accordance with ASC Subtopic 310-10, 

Receivables – Overall (formerly FASB Statement No. 114, 

“Accounting by Creditors for Impairment of a Loan,” as 

amended), and the Call Report Glossary entry for “Loan 

Impairment.” Consistent with ASC Subtopic 310-10, TDRs 

may be aggregated and measured for impairment with other 

impaired loans that share common risk characteristics by using 

historical statistics, such as average recovery period and 

average amount recovered, along with a composite effective 

interest rate. The outcome of such an aggregation approach 

must be consistent with the impairment measurement methods prescribed in ASC Subtopic 310-10 and Call Report 

instructions for loans that are “individually” considered 

impaired instead of the measurement method prescribed in 

ASC Subtopic 450-20, Contingencies – Loss Contingencies 

(formerly FASB Statement No. 5, “Accounting for Contingencies”) for loans not individually considered impaired that 

are collectively evaluated for impairment. When a loan not 

previously considered individually impaired is restructured and 

determined to be a TDR, absent a partial charge-off, it generally is not appropriate for the impairment estimate on the loan 

to decline as a result of the change from the impairment measurement method prescribed in ASC Subtopic 450-20 to the 

methods prescribed in ASC Subtopic 310-10.

Troubled Debt Restructurings and Accounting Standards Update 

No. 2011-02 – In April 2011, the FASB issued Accounting 

Standards Update (ASU) No. 2011-02, “A Creditor’s 

Determination of Whether a Restructuring Is a Troubled 

Debt Restructuring,” to provide additional guidance to help 

creditors determine whether a concession has been granted to 

a borrower and whether a borrower is experiencing financial 

difficulties. The guidance is also intended to reduce diversity 

in practice in identifying and reporting TDRs. This ASU was 

effective for public companies for interim and annual periods 

beginning on or after June 15, 2011, and should have been 

applied retrospectively to the beginning of the annual period 

of adoption for purposes of identifying TDRs. The measurement of impairment for any newly identified TDRs resulting 

from retrospective application should have been applied prospectively in the first interim or annual period beginning on 

or after June 15, 2011. (For most public institutions, the 

ASU takes effect July 1, 2011, but retrospective application 

begins as of January 1, 2011.) Nonpublic companies should 

apply the new guidance for annual periods ending after 

December 15, 2012, including interim periods within those 

annual periods. (For most nonpublic institutions, the ASU 

took effect January 1, 2012.) Early adoption of the ASU was 

permitted for both public and nonpublic entities. Nonpublic 

entities that adopt early are subject to a retrospective identification requirement. For additional information, refer to 

ASU 2011-02, available at http://www.fasb.org/jsp/FASB/

Page/SectionPage&cid=1176156316498.

Extended Net Operating Loss Carryback Period – The Worker, 

Homeownership, and Business Assistance Act of 2009, which 

was enacted on November 6, 2009, permits banks and other 

businesses, excluding those banking organizations that 

received capital from the U.S. Treasury under the Troubled 

Asset Relief Program, to elect a net operating loss carryback 

period of three, four, or five years instead of the usual carryback period of two years for any one tax year ending after 

December 31, 2007, and beginning before January 1, 2010. 

For calendar-year banks, this extended carryback period 

applies to either the 2008 or 2009 tax year. The amount of 

the net operating loss that can be carried back to the fifth 

carryback year is limited to 50 percent of the available taxable income for that fifth year, but this limit does not apply to 

other carryback years.

Under generally accepted accounting principles, banks may 

not record the effects of this tax change in their balance 

sheets and income statements for financial and regulatory 

reporting purposes until the period in which the law was 

enacted, i.e., the fourth quarter of 2009. Therefore, banks 

should recognize the effects of this fourth quarter 2009 tax 

law change on their current and deferred tax assets and liabilities, including valuation allowances for deferred tax assets, in 

their Call Reports for December 31, 2009. Banks should not 

amend their Call Reports for prior quarters for the effects of 

the extended net operating loss carryback period.

The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, 

which was enacted on February 17, 2009, permits qualifying 

small businesses, including FDIC-insured institutions, to elect 

a net operating loss carryback period of three, four, or five 

years instead of the usual carryback period of two years for 

any tax year ending in 2008 or, at the small business’s election, any tax year beginning in 2008. Under generally 

accepted accounting principles, institutions may not record 

the effect of this tax change in their balance sheets and 

income statements for financial and regulatory reporting 

purposes until the period in which the law was enacted, i.e., 

the first quarter of 2009.

Troubled Debt Restructurings and Current Market Interest Rates – 

Many institutions are restructuring or modifying the terms of 

loans to provide payment relief for those borrowers who have 

suffered deterioration in their financial condition. Such loan 

restructurings may include, but are not limited to, reductions 

in principal or accrued interest, reductions in interest rates, 

and extensions of the maturity date. Modifications may be 

executed at the original contractual interest rate on the loan, 

a current market interest rate, or a below-market interest rate. 

Many of these loan modifications meet the definition of a 

troubled debt restructuring (TDR).

The TDR accounting and reporting standards are set forth 

in ASC Subtopic 310-40, Receivables – Troubled Debt 

Restructurings by Creditors (formerly FASB Statement 

No. 15, “Accounting by Debtors and Creditors for Troubled 

Debt Restructurings,” as amended). This guidance specifies 

that a restructuring of a debt constitutes a TDR if, at the date 

of restructuring, the creditor for economic or legal reasons 

related to a debtor’s financial difficulties grants a concession 

to the debtor that it would not otherwise consider.

In the Call Report, until a loan that is a TDR is paid in full or 

otherwise settled, sold, or charged off, it must be reported in 

the appropriate loan category, as well as identified as a per-
FDIC Quarterly 31 2015, Volume 9, No. 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

interim and annual reporting periods thereafter (i.e., as of 

January 1, 2010, for banks with a calendar year fiscal year). 

Earlier application is prohibited. Banks are expected to adopt 

FAS 166 and FAS 167 for Call Report purposes in accordance with the effective date of these two standards. Also, 

FAS 166 has modified the criteria that must be met in order 

for a transfer of a portion of a financial asset, such as a loan 

participation, to qualify for sale accounting. These changes 

apply to transfers of loan participations on or after the effective date of FAS 166. Therefore, banks with a calendar year 

fiscal year must account for transfers of loan participations on 

or after January 1, 2010, in accordance with FAS 166. In general, loan participations transferred before the effective date 

of FAS 166 (January 1, 2010, for calendar year banks) are not 

affected by this new accounting standard and pre-FAS 166 

participations that were properly accounted for as sales under 

FASB Statement No. 140 will continue to be reported as 

having been sold.

Accounting Standards Codification – refer to previously published Quarterly Banking Profile notes: http://www2.fdic.

gov/qbp/2011sep/qbpnot.html.

DEFINITIONS (in alphabetical order)

All other assets – total cash, balances due from depository 

institutions, premises, fixed assets, direct investments in real 

estate, investment in unconsolidated subsidiaries, customers’ 

liability on acceptances outstanding, assets held in trading 

accounts, federal funds sold, securities purchased with agreements to resell, fair market value of derivatives, prepaid 

deposit insurance assessments, and other assets.

All other liabilities – bank’s liability on acceptances, limited-life 

preferred stock, allowance for estimated off-balance-sheet credit losses, fair market value of derivatives, and other liabilities.

Assessment base – effective April 1, 2011, the deposit insurance assessment base has changed to “average consolidated 

total assets minus average tangible equity” with an additional 

adjustment to the assessment base for banker’s banks and custodial banks, as permitted under Dodd-Frank. Previously the 

assessment base was “assessable deposits” and consisted of DIF 

deposits (deposits insured by the FDIC Deposit Insurance 

Fund) in banks’ domestic offices with certain adjustments.

Assets securitized and sold – total outstanding principal balance 

of assets securitized and sold with servicing retained or other 

seller-provided credit enhancements.

Capital Purchase Program (CPP) – as announced in October 

2008 under the TARP, the Treasury Department purchase of 

noncumulative perpetual preferred stock and related warrants 

that is treated as Tier 1 capital for regulatory capital purposes 

is included in “Total equity capital.” Such warrants to purchase common stock or noncumulative preferred stock issued 

by publicly-traded banks are reflected as well in “Surplus.” 

Warrants to purchase common stock or noncumulative preferred stock of not-publicly-traded bank stock are classified in 

a bank’s balance sheet as “Other liabilities.”

Construction and development loans – includes loans for all 

property types under construction, as well as loans for land 

acquisition and development.

Core capital – common equity capital plus noncumulative perpetual preferred stock plus minority interest in consolidated 

subsidiaries, less goodwill and other ineligible intangible 

Accounting for Loan Participations – Amended ASC Topic 

860 (formerly FAS 166) modified the criteria that must be 

met in order for a transfer of a portion of a financial asset, 

such as a loan participation, to qualify for sale accounting. These changes apply to transfers of loan participations 

on or after the effective date of amended ASC Topic 860 

(January 1, 2010, for banks with calendar year fiscal year), 

including advances under lines of credit that are transferred 

on or after the effective date of amended ASC Topic 860 

even if the line of credit agreements were entered into before 

this effective date. Therefore, banks with a calendar-year fiscal year must account for transfers of loan participations on 

or after January 1, 2010, in accordance with amended ASC 

Topic 860. In general, loan participations transferred before 

the effective date of amended ASC Topic 860 are not affected by this new accounting standard.

Under amended ASC Topic 860, if a transfer of a portion of 

an entire financial asset meets the definition of a “participating interest,” then the transferor (normally the lead lender) 

must evaluate whether the transfer meets all of the conditions 

in this accounting standard to qualify for sale accounting.

Other-Than-Temporary Impairment – When the fair value of an 

investment in an individual available-for-sale or held-tomaturity security is less than its cost basis, the impairment is 

either temporary or other-than-temporary. The amount of the 

total other-than-temporary impairment related to credit loss 

must be recognized in earnings, but the amount of total 

impairment related to other factors must be recognized in 

other comprehensive income, net of applicable taxes. To 

determine whether the impairment is other-than-temporary, 

an institution must apply the applicable accounting guidance 

– refer to previously published Quarterly Banking Profile notes: 

http://www2.fdic.gov/qbp/2011mar/qbpnot.html.

ASC Topics 860 & 810 (formerly FASB Statements 166 & 167) – 

In June 2009, the FASB issued Statement No. 166, 

Accounting for Transfers of Financial Assets (FAS 166), and 

Statement No. 167, Amendments to FASB Interpretation 

No. 46(R) (FAS 167), which change the way entities account 

for securitizations and special purpose entities. FAS 166 

revised FASB Statement No. 140, Accounting for Transfers 

and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishments of 

Liabilities, by eliminating the concept of a “qualifying specialpurpose entity,” creating the concept of a “participating interest,” changing the requirements for derecognizing financial 

assets, and requiring additional disclosures. FAS 167 revised 

FASB Interpretation No. 46(R), Consolidation of Variable 

Interest Entities, by changing how a bank or other company 

determines when an entity that is insufficiently capitalized or 

is not controlled through voting or similar rights, i.e., a “variable interest entity” (VIE), should be consolidated. Under 

FAS 167, a bank must perform a qualitative assessment to 

determine whether its variable interest or interests give it a 

controlling financial interest in a VIE. If a bank’s variable 

interest or interests provide it with the power to direct the 

most significant activities of the VIE, and the right to receive 

benefits or the obligation to absorb losses that could potentially be significant to the VIE, the bank is the primary beneficiary of, and therefore must consolidate, the VIE.

Both FAS 166 and FAS 167 take effect as of the beginning of 

each bank’s first annual reporting period that begins after 

November 15, 2009, for interim periods therein, and for 
FDIC Quarterly 32 2015, Volume 9, No. 1

Earning assets – all loans and other investments that earn 

interest or dividend income.

Efficiency ratio – Noninterest expense less amortization of 

intangible assets as a percent of net interest income plus noninterest income. This ratio measures the proportion of net 

operating revenues that are absorbed by overhead expenses, 

so that a lower value indicates greater efficiency.

Estimated insured deposits – in general, insured deposits are 

total domestic deposits minus estimated uninsured deposits. 

Beginning March 31, 2008, for institutions that file Call 

Reports, insured deposits are total assessable deposits minus 

estimated uninsured deposits. Beginning September 30, 2009, 

insured deposits include deposits in accounts of $100,000 to 

$250,000 that are covered by a temporary increase in the 

FDIC’s standard maximum deposit insurance amount 

(SMDIA). The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and 

Consumer Protection Act enacted on July 21, 2010, made 

permanent the standard maximum deposit insurance amount 

(SMDIA) of $250,000. Also, the Dodd-Frank Act amended 

the Federal Deposit Insurance Act to include noninterestbearing transaction accounts as a new temporary deposit 

insurance account category. All funds held in noninterestbearing transaction accounts were fully insured, without limit, 

from December 31, 2010, through December 31, 2012.

Failed/assisted institutions – an institution fails when regulators 

take control of the institution, placing the assets and liabilities into a bridge bank, conservatorship, receivership, or 

another healthy institution. This action may require the 

FDIC to provide funds to cover losses. An institution is 

defined as “assisted” when the institution remains open and 

receives assistance in order to continue operating.

Fair Value – the valuation of various assets and liabilities on 

the balance sheet—including trading assets and liabilities, 

available-for-sale securities, loans held for sale, assets and 

liabilities accounted for under the fair value option, and foreclosed assets—involves the use of fair values. During periods 

of market stress, the fair values of some financial instruments 

and nonfinancial assets may decline.

FHLB advances – all borrowings by FDIC insured institutions 

from the Federal Home Loan Bank System (FHLB), as 

reported by Call Report filers, and by TFR filers prior to 

March 31, 2012.

Goodwill and other intangibles – intangible assets include 

servicing rights, purchased credit card relationships, and other 

identifiable intangible assets. Goodwill is the excess of the 

purchase price over the fair market value of the net assets 

acquired, less subsequent impairment adjustments. Other 

intangible assets are recorded at fair value, less subsequent 

quarterly amortization and impairment adjustments.

Loans secured by real estate – includes home equity loans, 

junior liens secured by 1-4 family residential properties, and 

all other loans secured by real estate.

Loans to individuals – includes outstanding credit card balances 

and other secured and unsecured consumer loans.

Long-term assets (5+ years) – loans and debt securities with 

remaining maturities or repricing intervals of over five years.

Maximum credit exposure – the maximum contractual credit 

exposure remaining under recourse arrangements and other 

seller-provided credit enhancements provided by the reporting bank to securitizations.

assets. The amount of eligible intangibles (including servicing 

rights) included in core capital is limited in accordance with 

supervisory capital regulations.

Cost of funding earning assets – total interest expense paid on 

deposits and other borrowed money as a percentage of average 

earning assets.

Credit enhancements – techniques whereby a company attempts 

to reduce the credit risk of its obligations. Credit enhancement may be provided by a third party (external credit 

enhancement) or by the originator (internal credit enhancement), and more than one type of enhancement may be 

associated with a given issuance.

Deposit Insurance Fund (DIF) – the Bank (BIF) and Savings 

Association (SAIF) Insurance Funds were merged in 2006 by 

the Federal Deposit Insurance Reform Act to form the DIF.

Derivatives notional amount – the notional, or contractual, 

amounts of derivatives represent the level of involvement in 

the types of derivatives transactions and are not a quantification of market risk or credit risk. Notional amounts represent 

the amounts used to calculate contractual cash flows to be 

exchanged.

Derivatives credit equivalent amount – the fair value of the 

derivative plus an additional amount for potential future 

credit exposure based on the notional amount, the remaining 

maturity and type of the contract.

Derivatives transaction types:

Futures and forward contracts – contracts in which the 

buyer agrees to purchase and the seller agrees to sell, at a 

specified future date, a specific quantity of an underlying 

variable or index at a specified price or yield. These contracts exist for a variety of variables or indices, (traditional 

agricultural or physical commodities, as well as currencies 

and interest rates). Futures contracts are standardized and 

are traded on organized exchanges which set limits on 

counterparty credit exposure. Forward contracts do not 

have standardized terms and are traded over the counter.

Option contracts – contracts in which the buyer acquires 

the right to buy from or sell to another party some specified amount of an underlying variable or index at a stated 

price (strike price) during a period or on a specified future 

date, in return for compensation (such as a fee or premium). The seller is obligated to purchase or sell the variable or index at the discretion of the buyer of the 

contract.

Swaps – obligations between two parties to exchange a 

series of cash flows at periodic intervals (settlement dates), 

for a specified period. The cash flows of a swap are either 

fixed, or determined for each settlement date by multiplying the quantity (notional principal) of the underlying 

variable or index by specified reference rates or prices. 

Except for currency swaps, the notional principal is used 

to calculate each payment but is not exchanged.

Derivatives underlying risk exposure – the potential exposure 

characterized by the level of banks’ concentration in particular underlying instruments, in general. Exposure can result 

from market risk, credit risk, and operational risk, as well as, 

interest rate risk.

Domestic deposits to total assets – total domestic office deposits 

as a percent of total assets on a consolidated basis.
FDIC Quarterly 33 2015, Volume 9, No. 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

Recourse – an arrangement in which a bank retains, in form 

or in substance, any credit risk directly or indirectly associated with an asset it has sold (in accordance with generally 

accepted accounting principles) that exceeds a pro rata share 

of the bank’s claim on the asset. If a bank has no claim on an 

asset it has sold, then the retention of any credit risk is 

recourse.

Reserves for losses – the allowance for loan and lease losses on 

a consolidated basis.

Restructured loans and leases – loan and lease financing receivables with terms restructured from the original contract. 

Excludes restructured loans and leases that are not in compliance with the modified terms.

Retained earnings – net income less cash dividends on common and preferred stock for the reporting period.

Return on assets – bank net income (including gains or losses 

on securities and extraordinary items) as a percentage of average total (consolidated) assets. The basic yardstick of bank 

profitability.

Return on equity – bank net income (including gains or losses 

on securities and extraordinary items) as a percentage of average total equity capital.

Risk-based capital groups – definition:

(Percent)

Total 

Risk-Based 

Capital*

Tier 1

Risk-Based 

Capital*

Tier 1 

Leverage

Tangible

Equity

Well-capitalized ≥10 and ≥6 and ≥5 –

Adequately 

capitalized ≥8 and ≥4 and ≥4 –

Undercapitalized ≥6 and ≥3 and ≥3 –

Significantly 

undercapitalized <6 or <3 or <3 and >2

Critically 

undercapitalized – – – ≤2

* As a percentage of risk-weighted assets.

Risk Categories and Assessment Rate Schedule – The current risk 

categories became effective January 1, 2007. Capital ratios and 

supervisory ratings distinguish one risk category from another. 

Effective April 1, 2011, risk categories for large institutions 

(generally those with at least $10 billion in assets) were eliminated. The following table shows the relationship of risk categories (I, II, III, IV) for small institutions to capital and 

supervisory groups as well as the initial base assessment rates 

(in basis points) for each risk category. Supervisory Group A 

generally includes institutions with CAMELS composite ratings of 1 or 2; Supervisory Group B generally includes institutions with a CAMELS composite rating of 3; and Supervisory 

Group C generally includes institutions with CAMELS composite ratings of 4 or 5. For purposes of risk-based assessment 

capital groups, undercapitalized includes institutions that are 

significantly or critically undercapitalized.

Mortgage-backed securities – certificates of participation in 

pools of residential mortgages and collateralized mortgage 

obligations issued or guaranteed by government-sponsored or 

private enterprises. Also, see “Securities,” below.

Net charge-offs – total loans and leases charged off (removed 

from balance sheet because of uncollectibility), less amounts 

recovered on loans and leases previously charged off.

Net interest margin – the difference between interest and dividends earned on interest-bearing assets and interest paid to 

depositors and other creditors, expressed as a percentage of 

average earning assets. No adjustments are made for interest 

income that is tax exempt.

Net loans to total assets – loans and lease financing receivables, net of unearned income, allowance and reserves, as a 

percent of total assets on a consolidated basis.

Net operating income – income excluding discretionary transactions such as gains (or losses) on the sale of investment securities and extraordinary items. Income taxes subtracted from 

operating income have been adjusted to exclude the portion 

applicable to securities gains (or losses).

Noncurrent assets – the sum of loans, leases, debt securities, 

and other assets that are 90 days or more past due, or in nonaccrual status.

Noncurrent loans & leases – the sum of loans and leases 90 days 

or more past due, and loans and leases in nonaccrual status.

Number of institutions reporting – the number of institutions 

that actually filed a financial report.

New reporters – insured institutions filing quarterly financial 

reports for the first time.

Other borrowed funds – federal funds purchased, securities sold 

with agreements to repurchase, demand notes issued to the 

U.S. Treasury, FHLB advances, other borrowed money, mortgage indebtedness, obligations under capitalized leases and 

trading liabilities, less revaluation losses on assets held in 

trading accounts.

Other real estate owned – primarily foreclosed property. Direct 

and indirect investments in real estate ventures are excluded. 

The amount is reflected net of valuation allowances. For 

institutions that file a Thrift Financial Report (TFR), the 

valuation allowance subtracted also includes allowances for 

other repossessed assets. Also, for TFR filers the components 

of other real estate owned are reported gross of valuation 

allowances. (TFR filers began filing Call Reports effective 

with the quarter ending March 31, 2012.)

Percent of institutions with earnings gains – the percent of institutions that increased their net income (or decreased their 

losses) compared to the same period a year earlier.

“Problem” institutions – federal regulators assign a composite 

rating to each financial institution, based upon an evaluation 

of financial and operational criteria. The rating is based on a 

scale of 1 to 5 in ascending order of supervisory concern. 

“Problem” institutions are those institutions with financial, 

operational, or managerial weaknesses that threaten their 

continued financial viability. Depending upon the degree of 

risk and supervisory concern, they are rated either a “4” or 

“5.” The number and assets of “problem” institutions are 

based on FDIC composite ratings. Prior to March 31, 2008, 

for institutions whose primary federal regulator was the OTS, 

the OTS composite rating was used.
FDIC Quarterly 34 2015, Volume 9, No. 1

Total Base Assessment Rates*

Risk 

Category 

I

Risk 

Category 

II

Risk 

Category 

III

Risk 

Category 

IV

Large and 

Highly 

Complex 

Institutions

Initial base 

assessment rate 5–9 14 23 35 5–35

Unsecured debt 

adjustment -4.5–0 -5–0 -5–0 -5–0 -5–0

Brokered deposit 

adjustment — 0–10 0–10 0–10 0–10

Total Base 

Assessment rate 2.5–9 9–24 18–33 30–45 2.5–45

* All amounts for all categories are in basis points annually. Total base rates that are 

not the minimum or maximum rate will vary between these rates. Total base assessment rates do not include the depository institution debt adjustment.

Beginning in 2007, each institution is assigned a risk-based 

rate for a quarterly assessment period near the end of the 

quarter following the assessment period. Payment is generally 

due on the 30th day of the last month of the quarter following the assessment period. Supervisory rating changes are 

effective for assessment purposes as of the examination transmittal date.

Special Assessment – On May 22, 2009, the FDIC board 

approved a final rule that imposed a 5 basis point special 

assessment as of June 30, 2009. The special assessment was 

levied on each insured depository institution’s assets minus 

its Tier 1 capital as reported in its report of condition as of 

June 30, 2009. The special assessment was collected 

September 30, 2009, at the same time that the risk-based 

assessment for the second quarter of 2009 was collected. 

The special assessment for any institution was capped at 

10 basis points of the institution’s assessment base for the 

second quarter of 2009 risk-based assessment.

Prepaid Deposit Insurance Assessments – In November 2009, 

the FDIC Board of Directors adopted a final rule requiring 

insured depository institutions (except those that are 

exempted) to prepay their quarterly risk-based deposit 

insurance assessments for the fourth quarter of 2009, and 

for all of 2010, 2011, and 2012, on December 30, 2009. 

For regulatory capital purposes, an institution may assign a 

zero-percent risk weight to the amount of its prepaid 

deposit assessment asset. As required by the FDIC’s regulation establishing the prepaid deposit insurance assessment 

program, this program ended with the final application of 

prepaid assessments to the quarterly deposit insurance 

assessments payable March 29, 2013. The FDIC issued 

refunds of any unused prepaid deposit insurance assessments on June 28, 2013.

[Note: Effective January 1, 2014, a small number of “advanced 

approach institutions” began reporting Tier 1 capital based on 

regulatory capital standards approved by the banking agencies 

in July 2013. For all other FDIC-insured institutions, prior 

existing reporting will continue until January 2015 when 

mandatory compliance for all institutions is scheduled to 

begin. http://www.fdic.gov/regulations/capital/. At that time a 

revised assessment rate schedule will be used to reflect the 

changes in the regulatory capital rules. http://www.fdic.gov/

news/news/financial/2014/fil14037.html]

Capital Category

Supervisory Group

A B C

1. Well Capitalized I

5–9 bps II

14 bps

III

23 bps 2. Adequately Capitalized II

14 bps

3. Undercapitalized III

23 bps

IV

35 bps

Effective April 1, 2011, the initial base assessment rates are 5 

to 35 basis points. An institution’s total assessment rate may 

be less than or greater than its initial base assessment rate as a 

result of additional risk adjustments.

The base assessment rates for small institutions in Risk 

Category I are based on a combination of financial ratios and 

CAMELS component ratings (the financial ratios method).

As required by Dodd-Frank, the calculation of risk-based 

assessment rates for large institutions no longer relies on longterm debt issuer ratings. Rates for large institutions are based 

on CAMELS ratings and certain forward-looking financial 

measures combined into two scorecards—one for most large 

institutions and another for the remaining very large institutions that are structurally and operationally complex or that 

pose unique challenges and risks in case of failure (highly 

complex institutions). In general, a highly complex institution is an institution (other than a credit card bank) with 

more than $500 billion in total assets that is controlled by a 

parent or intermediate parent company with more than 

$500 billion in total assets or a processing bank or trust company with total fiduciary assets of $500 billion or more. The 

FDIC retains its ability to take additional information into 

account to make a limited adjustment to an institution’s total 

score (the large bank adjustment), which will be used to 

determine an institution’s initial base assessment rate.

Effective April 1, 2011, the three possible adjustments to 

an institution’s initial base assessment rate are as follows: 

(1) Unsecured Debt Adjustment: An institution’s rate may 

decrease by up to 5 basis points for unsecured debt. The unsecured debt adjustment cannot exceed the lesser of 5 basis 

points or 50 percent of an institution’s initial base assessment 

rate (IBAR). Thus, for example, an institution with an IBAR 

of 5 basis points would have a maximum unsecured debt 

adjustment of 2.5 basis points and could not have a total base 

assessment rate lower than 2.5 basis points. (2) Depository 

Institution Debt Adjustment: For institutions that hold longterm unsecured debt issued by another insured depository 

institution, a 50 basis point charge is applied to the amount 

of such debt held in excess of 3 percent of an institution’s 

Tier 1 capital. (3) Brokered Deposit Adjustment: Rates for 

small institutions that are not in Risk Category I and for large 

institutions that are not well capitalized or do not have a 

composite CAMELS rating of 1 or 2 may increase (not to 

exceed 10 basis points) if their brokered deposits exceed 

10 percent of domestic deposits. After applying all possible 

adjustments (excluding the Depository Institution Debt 

Adjustment), minimum and maximum total base assessment 

rates for each risk category are as follows:
FDIC Quarterly 35 2015, Volume 9, No. 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

Qualifying Subchapter S corporations and mutual institutions 

issue unsecured subordinated debentures to the Treasury 

Department through the SBLF. Depository institutions that 

issued these debentures report them as “Subordinated notes 

and debentures.” For regulatory capital purposes, the 

debentures are eligible for inclusion in an institution’s Tier 2 

capital in accordance with their primary federal regulator’s 

capital standards. To participate in the SBLF Program, an 

institution with outstanding securities issued to the Treasury 

Department under the Capital Purchase Program (CPP) was 

required to refinance or repay in full the CPP securities at the 

time of the SBLF funding. Any outstanding warrants that an 

institution issued to the Treasury Department under the CPP 

remain outstanding after the refinancing of the CPP stock 

through the SBLF Program unless the institution chooses to 

repurchase them.

Subchapter S corporation – a Subchapter S corporation is treated as a pass-through entity, similar to a partnership, for federal income tax purposes. It is generally not subject to any 

federal income taxes at the corporate level. This can have the 

effect of reducing institutions’ reported taxes and increasing 

their after-tax earnings.

Trust assets – market value, or other reasonably available 

value of fiduciary and related assets, to include marketable 

securities, and other financial and physical assets. Common 

physical assets held in fiduciary accounts include real estate, 

equipment, collectibles, and household goods. Such fiduciary 

assets are not included in the assets of the financial 

institution.

Unearned income & contra accounts – unearned income for Call 

Report filers only.

Unused loan commitments – includes credit card lines, home 

equity lines, commitments to make loans for construction, 

loans secured by commercial real estate, and unused commitments to originate or purchase loans. (Excluded are commitments after June 2003 for originated mortgage loans held for 

sale, which are accounted for as derivatives on the balance 

sheet.)

Yield on earning assets – total interest, dividend, and fee 

income earned on loans and investments as a percentage of 

average earning assets.

Risk-weighted assets – assets adjusted for risk-based capital 

definitions which include on-balance-sheet as well as offbalance-sheet items multiplied by risk-weights that range 

from zero to 200 percent. A conversion factor is used to assign 

a balance sheet equivalent amount for selected off-balancesheet accounts.

Securities – excludes securities held in trading accounts. 

Banks’ securities portfolios consist of securities designated as 

“held-to-maturity,” which are reported at amortized cost 

(book value), and securities designated as “available-for-sale,” 

reported at fair (market) value.

Securities gains (losses) – realized gains (losses) on held-tomaturity and available-for-sale securities, before adjustments 

for income taxes. Thrift Financial Report (TFR) filers also 

include gains (losses) on the sales of assets held for sale. 

(TFR filers began filing Call Reports effective with the quarter ending March 31, 2012.)

Seller’s interest in institution’s own securitizations – the reporting 

bank’s ownership interest in loans and other assets that have 

been securitized, except an interest that is a form of recourse 

or other seller-provided credit enhancement. Seller’s interests 

differ from the securities issued to investors by the securitization structure. The principal amount of a seller’s interest is 

generally equal to the total principal amount of the pool of 

assets included in the securitization structure less the principal amount of those assets attributable to investors, i.e., in the 

form of securities issued to investors.

Small Business Lending Fund – The Small Business Lending 

Fund (SBLF) was enacted into law in September 2010 as part 

of the Small Business Jobs Act of 2010 to encourage lending 

to small businesses by providing capital to qualified 

community institutions with assets of less than $10 billion. 

The SBLF Program is administered by the U.S. Treasury 

Department (http://www.treasury.gov/resource-center/

sb-programs/Pages/Small-Business-Lending-Fund.aspx). 

Under the SBLF Program, the Treasury Department 

purchased noncumulative perpetual preferred stock from 

qualifying depository institutions and holding companies 

(other than Subchapter S and mutual institutions). When 

this stock has been issued by a depository institution, it is 

reported as “Perpetual preferred stock and related surplus.” 

For regulatory capital purposes, this noncumulative perpetual 

preferred stock qualifies as a component of Tier 1 capital. 

FDIC Quarterly 37 2015, Volume 9, No. 1

• Growing population and geographic shifts in 

population,

• Banking crises,

• Federal and state legislative changes that relaxed 

branching laws, and

• Technological innovation and the rise of electronic 

banking.

This study discusses the notion of office density in 

terms of the number of offices per 10,000 people, facilitating a comparison of how “well-banked” an area is 

compared with other areas at particular points in time. 

It also takes a closer look at office growth in the most 

recent period from 2008 to 2014, using more detailed 

data to go beyond studying net changes and explore the 

components of gross openings and closings. Overall, the 

data provide a better understanding of how bank office 

trends affect community banks, as defined in the 2012 

FDIC Community Banking Study.

2

What are the key considerations in an institution’s 

decision to open or close an office? Many of the factors 

that determine where to open a new office are specific 

to the institution and the market in which it operates: 

its business strategy, competition, experience, real estate 

costs, and the demographics of the market. Other 

factors, such as traffic flow and access to a site from 

nearby roads, are also considered. For an office that is 

already operating, the institution has data on transactions volume and profitability that can be used when 

determining whether it should be closed. The collective 

decisions of individual institutions to open and close 

offices create the geographic distribution of offices 

across cities, counties, states, and ultimately the nation.

The number of offices in the United States has 

increased over the long term. The interval between 

1935 and 2014 can be divided into five distinct periods: 

two periods of expansion and three periods of contraction (see Chart 1). The two expansions occurred 

between 1945 and 1989, and between 1995 and 2009. 

Contractions occurred between 1935 and 1945, and 

between 1989 and 1995, and another that began in 

2009. Far more offices have been added during 

2

 FDIC, 2012 FDIC Community Banking Study (Washington, DC: 

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, December 2012), https://www.

fdic.gov/regulations/resources/cbi/report/cbi-full.pdf.

The lobbies, tellers, drive-through lanes, and vaults 

associated with physical banking offices have long 

represented the public face of U.S. banks and thrift 

institutions. These offices have traditionally provided 

customers with a full spectrum of financial transactions 

that support the ordinary business of life: cashing a 

check, getting a small business loan, applying for a 

mortgage, opening a savings account. Over time, the 

spread of automated teller machines (ATMs), the rise 

of online and mobile banking, and the formation of 

nonbank sources of credit and transaction services have 

reduced customers’ day-to-day dependence on physical 

offices. Nonetheless, as of June 2014, some 6,669 banks 

and thrifts continued to operate 94,725 brick-andmortar offices, providing testament to the enduring 

value of physical access to banking services in an 

increasingly virtual banking world.

This report chronicles long-term trends in the banking 

offices—the headquarters and branches operated by 

federally insured banks and thrift institutions—from 

1935 to 2014.1 While the number of offices and their 

density relative to population are estimated back to 

1935, this report focuses on the period from 1987 to 

2014. The availability of detailed, office-level data for 

federally insured banks and thrifts during this period 

provided the FDIC the ability to explore how population and economic growth, as well as technological and 

legislative forces, have shaped the nation’s bank office 

footprint over almost three decades.

The long-term growth of offices in the United States is 

highlighted in three distinct cyclical periods since 1987. 

The total number of offices declined nearly every year 

between 1989 and 1995, and again between 2009 and 

2014. These two periods of decline bracketed a period 

of significant expansion between 1995 and 2009, when 

the total number of offices increased each year. This 

expansion varied geographically and occurred along 

with the rise of large branch office networks. Four main 

factors contributed to changes in the distribution of 

offices since 1987:

1

 In this paper, “office” refers to the deposit-taking headquarters and 

branch offices of federally insured banks and thrifts that are identified 

in the FDIC’s annual Summary of Deposits survey. For years before 

1987, offices are identified from historical sources. For the Summary 

of Deposits definition of “office,” see the 2014 Summary of Deposits 

Reporting Instructions, p. 9, https://www2.fdic.gov/sod/pdf/

SOD_Instructions.pdf.

Brick-and-Mortar Banking Remains Prevalent 

in an Increasingly Virtual World
FDIC Quarterly 38 2015, Volume 9, No. 1

Population declined or stagnated in some large metros 

between 1987 and 2013, and nearly all of these cities saw 

declines in the number of offices. The ten large metro areas 

in Table 3 that lost the largest percentage of population 

expansions than have been removed during contractions, so that the total number of offices increased by 

67,222, or 244 percent, between 1935 and 2014.

Office growth has outpaced the nation’s population 

growth over the long term and has tended to follow 

regional migration patterns. Between 1970 and 2014, 

the U.S. population grew by over 50 percent, while the 

number of offices more than doubled. Much of the 

nation’s population growth occurred in the Sunbelt 

states of the South and West and many of these states 

also experienced strong office growth.

Domestic migration since 1991 has tended to be from 

states in the Northeast and Midwest to those in the 

South and West, as shown in Table 1. The patterns of 

office changes observed in the Northeast and the South 

suggest that migration can exert a strong influence on 

where banks locate offices. The Midwest appears to be 

an outlier. While net migration to the Midwest was 

negative, the institutions there nevertheless added 

offices. Factors other than population that help explain 

the growth in offices are explored in subsequent sections.

Most offices in the United States are located in metropolitan (metro) areas, and most of the net office growth 

since 1987 has occurred in metro areas. Just over 

79 percent of offices in 2014 were located in metro 

areas, up from 77.8 percent in 1987, with 11 percent 

located in micropolitan (micro) areas and the remaining 10 percent located in rural areas.3

 Over 90 percent 

of the net growth in offices since 1987 occurred in 

metro areas, 7 percent occurred in micro areas, and 

slightly more than 2 percent in rural areas. Four of the 

ten large metropolitan areas that experienced the greatest proportional growth in offices during this period 

were located in Texas.4 Six of the ten large metros that 

experienced the greatest proportional loss of offices 

were located in California.

The ten metropolitan areas with the largest proportional increases in population between 1987 and 2013 

were located primarily in the Sunbelt. All but one of 

these metros saw at least 32 percent growth in offices 

between 1987 and 2014 (see Table 2).

3

 The metropolitan and micropolitan area definitions used in this study 

are from the Office of Management and Budget’s 2013 definitions, 

which are available at http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/

omb/bulletins/2013/b-13-01.pdf. The most recent metro area population data are from 2013. A few dozen offices are located outside of 

the 50 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico, in other U.S. 

territories or outlying areas that are not assigned a metropolitan, 

micropolitan, or rural designation.

4

 Large metros had at least 500,000 people in 2013.

Net Domestic Migration

Has Favored the South and West

Region

Annual Average 

Net Domestic 

Migration, 

1991–2014

Absolute Change 

in Offices,

1991–2014

Northeast -266,512 -232

Midwest -128,922 2,949

West 28,828 1,390

South 366,606 5,570

Sources: FDIC and U.S. Census Bureau.

Table 1

Retail Ofces of U.S. Commercial Banks and Thrifts

Have Increased Over Time

0

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

Expansion Cycle

Contraction Cycle

Historical sources include: FDIC, Historical Statistics on Banking; U.S. League of  Savings 

Associations, Savings and Loan Fact Book; America’s Community Bankers, Savings 

Institution Sourcebook.

Total Number of U.S. Bank and Thrift Offices, 1935–2014 

1935 1941 1947 1953 1959 1965 1971 1977 1983 1989 1995 2001 2007 2013

Based on Historical Sources (1935–1950) 

Every Five Years

Based on Historical Sources (1935–1994)

Based on FDIC Summary of Deposits (1987–2014)

Chart 1

The Number of Ofces Has Been Highly Cyclical

Since the 1980s

Total Number of U.S. Bank and Thrift Offices, 1989–2014

75,000

80,000

85,000

90,000

95,000

100,000

Source: FDIC.

5.7% decline

in banking

offices

22.9% growth

in banking

offices

4.8% decline

in banking

offices

1989 1994 1999 2004 2009 2014

Chart 2
FDIC Quarterly 39 2015, Volume 9, No. 1

Brick-and-Mortar Banking 

1989.5 Growth began to slow down in the early 1980s 

and plateaued in the late 1980s, before it contracted 

between 1989 and 1995. Sustained growth in the 

number of offices reemerged between 1995 and 2009, 

before once again declining after the financial crisis. 

The decline from 2009 through 2014 has been about 

as large in absolute terms as that which occurred from 

1989 to 1995 (see Chart 2).

5

 In 1982, the number of offices declined by 0.3 percent.

between 1987 and 2013, or gained only a small percentage, 

are located primarily in post-industrial sections of northeastern and midwestern states. The fact that New Orleans 

experienced the second-largest proportional decline in 

population speaks to the extraordinary effects of 

Hurricane Katrina.

Office growth has become more cyclical since the 

1980s. The total number of U.S. banking offices 

expanded almost continuously between 1945 and 

The Top Ten Large Metro Areas by Population Growth Have Tended to See 

Growth in Banking Offices

Metro

Percent Change in 

Population,

1987–2013

Percent Change in 

Banking Offices,

1987–2014

Absolute Change in 

Banking Offices,

1987–2014

Las Vegas-Henderson-Paradise, NV 231.5 169.9 231

Raleigh, NC 145.6 35.4 79

Austin-Round Rock, TX 133.2 91.9 228

McAllen-Edinburg-Mission, TX 127.7 135.9 87

Cape Coral-Fort Myers, FL 123.9 42.7 67

Provo-Orem, UT 119.5 32.8 21

Boise City, ID 114.1 82.2 83

Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford, FL 109.6 57.8 214

Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ 109.2 36.6 241

Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA 106.4 9.6 52

Sources: FDIC and U.S. Census Bureau.

Table 2

The Bottom Ten Large Metro Areas by Population Growth Have Tended to See 

Declines in Banking Offices

Metro

Percent Change in 

Population,

1987–2013

Percent Change in 

Banking Offices,

1987–2014

Absolute Change in 

Banking Offices,

1987–2014

Youngstown-Warren-Boardman, OH-PA -10.3 -15.5 -34

New Orleans-Metairie, LA -6.5 -14.0 -59

Pittsburgh, PA -5.4 -11.5 -111

Buffalo-Cheektowaga-Niagara Falls, NY -3.9 2.8 8

Scranton-Wilkes-Barre-Hazleton, PA -2.4 12.4 25

Cleveland-Elyria, OH -2.3 -12.1 -97

Toledo, OH -0.8 -18.9 -41

Dayton, OH 0.8 -12.1 -31

San Juan-Carolina-Caguas, PRa 1.1 -3.5 -10

Detroit-Warren-Dearborn, MI 1.3 -3.7 -42

Sources: FDIC and U.S. Census Bureau.

a

 Population change in Puerto Rico is from 1991 to 2013.

Table 3
FDIC Quarterly 40 2015, Volume 9, No. 1

the pattern of office growth has not been uniform across 

the country (see Map 1). From 1987 to 2014, the 

number of banking offices declined in 13 states, the 

District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico, while offices 

increased in 37 states. The states that gained the most 

offices during this period lie in a band that stretches 

through the Midwest from Minnesota to Texas, and that 

also includes the southeastern states of Tennessee, Georgia, and Florida. In cases such as Texas, where population increased 62 percent, and Florida, where population 

increased 66 percent, large increases in population help 

explain increases in the number of bank offices.

Legislative changes have been an important driver of 

geographic differences in office growth since the 

1980s. One of the most important legislative changes 

affecting the geography of banking since the 1980s has 

been the relaxation of state unit banking laws.6 In 1979, 

12 states were unit banking states that prohibited 

branching outright: Colorado, Illinois, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, 

6

 Unit banking states prohibited banks from branching.

Like the period that followed the Great Depression, 

the two recent periods of decline in banking offices 

followed major banking crises. Each of these crisis periods was characterized by weak earnings and bank failures, and many institutions were forced to make tough 

decisions about their use of physical assets. By contrast, 

the intervening periods of stability were characterized 

by relatively strong earnings and few failures, enabling 

many institutions to pursue strategies of growth and 

expansion. Between 1943 and 1981, the number of 

FDIC-insured bank failures averaged fewer than five per 

year. However, the onset of problems in the banking 

and thrift industries in the early 1980s raised the average number of bank failures to 180 per year between 

1982 and 1994. After this crisis subsided, the annual 

number of failures fell once again to fewer than five 

per year on average between 1995 and 2007. The onset 

of the 2008 financial crisis brought about an increase in 

failures, with over 100 bank failures on average each 

year between 2008 and 2012.

Expansion and contraction of offices varied geographically across the United States. As might be expected, 

Most States Have Gained Ofces Since 1987

Net Gains and Losses in Bank and Thrift Ofces, by State, 1987–2014

Source: FDIC.

States by Net Change in Offices, 1987–2014

Lost Offices (15)

Gained < 350 Offices (25)

Gained > 350 Offices (12)

Map 1
FDIC Quarterly 41 2015, Volume 9, No. 1

Brick-and-Mortar Banking 

Before Riegle-Neal, the permissibility of interstate 

acquisitions varied by state.11

Both large and small institutions were able to expand 

geographically as restrictions were relaxed. The effects 

were especially pronounced in the years between the 

passage of Riegle-Neal and its nationwide implementation in 1997, when the banking industry experienced its highest annual rates of voluntary charter 

consolidation.12 Banking consolidation during this 

period led to more expansive geographic footprints 

and larger office networks. In 1987, prior to the relaxation of interstate banking restrictions, large institutions (those with at least $10 billion in total assets) 

operated offices in only 1.8 states on average. Chart 3 

shows that these large institutions substantially 

expanded the number of states in which they operated 

offices beginning around the same time that interstate 

banking restrictions were relaxed nationally; Chart 4 

shows that the size of their office networks began to 

rise about the same time.

11 Some states permitted de novo entry by out-of-state institutions, 

others permitted entry via acquisition by out-of-state institutions 

regardless of where they were headquartered, and others permitted 

entry only to out-of-state banks headquartered in certain regions of the 

country. See History of the Eighties—Lessons for the Future, vol. 1, 

chap. 2 (Washington, DC: Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, 

1997), p. 130, https://www.fdic.gov/bank/historical/history/87_136.pdf. 12 Benjamin R. Backup and Richard A. Brown, “Community Banks 

Remain Resilient Amid Industry Consolidation,” FDIC Quarterly, Vol. 8, 

No. 2 (2014), p. 34, Chart 2, https://fdic.gov/bank/analytical/

quarterly/2014_vol8_2/article.pdf.

Oklahoma, Texas, West Virginia, and Wyoming.7 By 

1991, all of these former unit banking states had 

removed these restrictions.8 As branching restrictions 

were removed, many of these states saw large increases 

in total banking offices. Of the ten states that gained 

the most banking offices between 1987 and 2014, five 

were former unit banking states and five were states 

that had imposed other types of geographic restrictions 

on branching as of 1979.9 The number of offices in the 

12 unit banking states increased more than 1.5 percent 

from 1989 to 1995, during a time when the total 

number of U.S. banking offices was contracting.

Another result of legislative change was the nationwide 

expansion of interstate banking. The Riegle-Neal Interstate Banking and Branching Efficiency Act of 1994 

(Riegle-Neal) established a uniform standard by which 

an institution headquartered in one state could branch 

into, or acquire banks in, any other state, and allowed 

institutions operating subsidiary charters in different 

states to combine them into a single interstate bank.10

7

 David L. Mengle, “The Case for Interstate Branch Banking,” Economic 

Review (November/December 1990): p. 6, https://www.richmondfed.

org/publications/research/economic_review/1990/pdf/er760601.pdf. 8

 B. A. Rehm, “Colorado Ready to Finally Allow Branch Banking,” 

American Banker (May 10, 1991).

9

 Mengle, “Interstate Branch Banking,” 6. Pennsylvania is an example 

of a state with some historical geographic restrictions on branching: 

Banks were permitted to branch only into counties contiguous with the 

county in which they were headquartered. See Jith Jayaratne and 

Philip E. Strahan, “The Benefits of Branching Deregulation,” Economic 

Policy Review 3, no. 4 (1997): p. 14, http://www.newyorkfed.org/

research/epr/97v03n4/9712jaya.pdf. 10 Susan McLaughlin, “The Impact of Interstate Banking and Branching 

Reform: Evidence from the States,” Current Issues in Economics and 

Finance 1, no. 2 (1995): p. 1, http://www.newyorkfed.org/research/

current_issues/ci1-2.pdf.

Large Banks Expanded Their Geographic Scope After

the Relaxation of Geographic Restrictions on Branching 

Average Number of States in Which an Institution Operates Offices, 1987–2014

Source: FDIC.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1987 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012 

Banks Less Than $10 Billion 

Banks More Than $10 Billion 

Riegle-Neal

Enacted

1.8 

1.1 

5.9 

1.0 

Chart 3

Large Banks, in Particular, Grew the Size of Their Ofce

Networks After the Relaxation of Geographic

Restrictions on Banking 

Average Size of Office Network, 1987–2014 

Source: FDIC.

Riegle-Neal

Enacted

0 

50 

100 

150 

200 

250 

300 

350 

400 

450 

500 

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1987 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012 

Banks Less Than $10 Billion (Left Scale) 

Banks More Than $10 Billion (Right Scale) 

4 

186 

450 

7 

Chart 4
FDIC Quarterly 42 2015, Volume 9, No. 1

for consumers: According to data from the Pew 

Research Center, 61 percent of Internet users banked 

online in 2013, up from 44 percent in 2005, and 

18 percent in 2000.16 The past ten years have seen the 

advent of RDC, a technological alternative for one of 

the most common teller transactions: depositing checks. 

After the 2004 Check Clearing for the 21st Century 

Act, banks were authorized to accept electronic deposits 

based on digital images of checks. Most recently, the 

widespread adoption of internet-enabled smartphones 

and tablets has given even more impetus to the development of mobile banking and payments. In 2013, 

35 percent of cell phone users said they had used their 

phone to check their bank account or perform transactions, up from 18 percent in 2011.17

The cumulative effect of these new technologies has 

been a decline in the number of transactions taking 

place at physical banking offices. One study shows that 

the average number of teller transactions per office 

declined by 45 percent between 1992 and 2013, from 

11,700 transactions per month to 6,400.18 Using a 

credit or debit card has become more common than 

writing a check. According to Federal Reserve data, 

paper checks accounted for only 15 percent of noncash 

payments in 2012, down from 46 percent in 2003. By 

contrast, universal credit and debit cards accounted for 

58 percent of noncash payments in 2012, up from 

38 percent in 2003. The total number of noncash trans16 Susannah Fox, “51% of U.S. Adults Bank Online,” Pew Research 

Center (August 7, 2013), p. 9, http://www.pewinternet.org/files/oldmedia//Files/Reports/2013/PIP_OnlineBanking.pdf. 17 Ibid, p. 10. Pew first asked about mobile banking in 2011. 18 Financial Management Solutions Inc., 2013 FMSI Teller Line Study

(N.P., 2013), http://www.fmsi.com/fullpanel/uploads/files/2013-fmsiteller-line-study-white-paper-00001.pdf.

Another ramification of consolidation was the rise of 

very large office networks.13 In 1987, only one federally 

insured banking institution operated a network with 

more than 1,000 offices; most offices were operated by 

banks and thrifts that had fewer than 50 offices each. 

By 2014, 11 institutions operated about one-third of 

all U.S. banking offices, with networks of more than 

1,000 offices each (see Chart 5).

Amid demographic and legislative changes that helped 

reshape branch banking in the United States, farreaching changes in technology have been transforming how people access banking services. In recent 

decades, technology has introduced a variety of new 

ways for customers to access their accounts and interact 

with their banks. The important banking technologies 

introduced over the past 50 years include:

• ATMs;

• credit and debit cards;

• telephone banking;

• remote deposit capture (RDC)—scanning checks 

from a home or business and sending them to the 

bank electronically for deposit;

• online (internet) banking—accessing a bank 

account via a laptop, desktop, or tablet computer; 

and

• mobile banking—accessing a bank account via cell 

phone or smartphone.

ATMs made their U.S. debut in 1969 and soon spread 

across the nation, reaching 425,000 by 2010.14 Universal credit cards became more common in the 1970s, 

followed by debit cards in the 1990s, giving consumers 

new payment alternatives at the point of sale.15 Telephone banking appeared in the 1970s, followed by the 

beginning of online banking in the 1990s. Online 

banking has become an increasingly popular channel 

13 For more about consolidation among FDIC-insured banks and thrifts, 

see Backup and Brown, “Community Banks Remain Resilient Amid 

Industry Consolidation.”

14 National ATM Council Inc., http://natmc.org/documents/2012/10/

about-the-atm-industry.pdf. 15 For credit cards see Thomas A. Durkin, “Credit Cards: Use and 

Consumer Attitudes, 1970–2000,”Federal Reserve Bulletin, September 

2000, pp. 624–625, http://www.federalreserve.gov/pubs/

bulletin/2000/0900lead.pdf. For debit cards see Fumiko Hayashi, 

Richard Sullivan, and Stuart E. Weiner, “A Guide to the ATM and Debit 

Card Industry,”Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City, 2003, pp. 41–42, 

http://www.kc.frb.org/publicat/psr/bksjournarticles/atmpaper.pdf.

Consolidation Has Moved Ofces Into

Large Ofce Networks

Total Offices of Banks and Thrifts, 

by Office Network Size of Institution,1987–2014

Source: FDIC.

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

70,000

80,000

90,000

100,000

1987 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012

>1,000

51–1,000

1–50

Size of

Office

Network 

31,874

26,905

35,946

Chart 5
FDIC Quarterly 43 2015, Volume 9, No. 1

Brick-and-Mortar Banking 

evidence that new banking technologies may represent 

substitutes for those banking offices in serving bank 

customers. But if physical banking offices are as prevalent or more prevalent today than they were in the past, 

then perhaps technology should not be viewed as a 

perfect substitute for brick-and-mortar banking offices.

actions grew by 50 percent from 2003 to 2012, as the 

number of checks written declined.19

Even with the innovations of the past 50 years, consumers continue to value and use physical banking offices. 

Today there are more banking offices per capita than in 

1970, when many of today’s most popular electronic 

banking alternatives either did not yet exist or were not 

yet widely available. Moreover, according to the 2013 

FDIC National Survey of Unbanked and Underbanked 

Households, visiting a teller remains the most common 

way for households to access their accounts.20 Although 

mobile banking would appear to be an appealing substitute for bank office visits, and is a fast-growing option, 

it remains one of the least common ways for consumers 

to access their accounts.21 Among households that 

preferred online or mobile banking, most also reported 

visiting tellers to access their accounts.22

Nonetheless, as alternative payment and banking methods become more mainstream, fewer transactions are 

being conducted at offices. The rise of RDC, more 

sophisticated ATM terminals, and the proliferation of 

smartphones appear to be reducing the frequency with 

which bank customers are visiting their local branch to 

perform simple transactions. Moreover, the frequency of 

visits is lower for younger individuals. A recent survey 

indicates that 19 percent of people ages 18 to 29 visited 

a bank or credit union branch in the previous week, 

compared with 29 percent of those ages 30 to 49.23

However, the available data on balance show that most 

bank customers continue to place value on physical 

offices as part of a diverse suite of retail banking options.

In order to evaluate how technological alternatives may 

affect the total number of physical banking offices, a 

measure of how prevalent those offices are relative to 

the total demand for banking services is needed. If 

physical banking offices were indeed becoming less 

prevalent over time, then that would provide some 

19 Federal Reserve System, The 2013 Federal Reserve Payments 

Study—Summary Report and Initial Data Release (Federal Reserve 

System, 2013, revised July 2014), p. 42, http://www.frbservices.org/

files/communications/pdf/general/2013_fed_res_paymt_study_

summary_rpt.pdf. 20 FDIC, 2013 FDIC National Survey of Unbanked and Underbanked 

Households (Washington, DC: Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, 

October 2014), p. 53, Figure 8.1, https://fdic.gov/householdsurvey/

2013report.pdf. 21 Ibid.

22 Ibid, p. 59, Table 8.3. 23 Chris Kahn, “March 2014 Financial Security Survey,” BankRate.com 

(2014), N.P., http://www.bankrate.com/finance/consumer-index/

financial-security-charts-0314.aspx.

Types of Banking Offices

Not all physical banking offices take the same form. 

According to the 2014 FDIC Summary of Deposits 

survey, more than 90 percent of total banking offices 

take the form of stand-alone, full-service offices. At a 

distant second are those offices located in another 

retail establishment, such as a grocery store (see 

Chart  6). Together, in-store offices and stand-alone 

offices make up 96 percent of the offices operated by 

FDIC-insured institutions.

Historical sources suggest that in-store branches were 

rare among commercial banks until they boomed in 

the late 1980s. The number of these offices grew an 

average of nearly 30 percent per year from 1986 to 

1996.a Although in-store offices can cost considerably 

less to open (from one-fifth to one-third of the startup 

cost of a stand-alone office), for many banks they tend 

to generate fewer loans and deposits—and thus less 

income—than stand-alone, full-service offices.b

Chart 6

Ninety-Six Percent of Ofces Are Stand-Alone or

Located Within a Retail Establishment

Percent of Total Offices, by Type of Office, June 2014

90.2%

5.8%

0.2% 1.1% 2.7%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Stand-Alone

Full-Service

Offices

In-Store

Full-Service

Offices

Home

Banking

Offices

LimitedService

Drive-Through

Offices

Other

LimitedService

Offices Source: FDIC.

a

 Christopher A. Williams, “Banks Go Shopping for Customers,” 

The Regional Economist (October 1997), N.P., https://www.

stlouisfed.org/publications/re/articles/?id=1789.

b

 “US Bank Excels in In-Store Banking” (Retail Banking Strategies,

February 2010); “BOK’s Decision to Ditch In-Store Branches 

Shows Banks’ Predicament” (Barlow Research Associates Inc., 

November 2014).
FDIC Quarterly 44 2015, Volume 9, No. 1

state restrictions on branching. States with the strongest 

restrictions on branching in 1979 saw an increase in 

office density once those restrictions were lifted, while 

states with some geographic restrictions on branching 

saw a decline in density equal to the national average. 

The largest decline in density after 1987 was observed 

among states that already allowed statewide branching 

in 1979. These results are consistent with the idea that 

unit banking laws had restricted the desired prevalence 

of banking offices in these states before 1987, and that 

the elimination of the restrictions contributed to 

increases in banking offices since then (see Chart 8).

Changes in the density of offices since the 1970s further 

suggest that new technologies have had, at best, 

a limited effect on the prevalence of offices. Because 

mobile, ATM, online, and other alternative banking 

channels reduce the number of transactions that require 

Measuring Office Density

There are a number of alternative ways one might 

attempt to measure the prevalence of physical banking 

offices. All of them are related in some way to population density. For example, because the population of 

New York City is more than 125 times greater than 

that of Bismarck, North Dakota, the fact that New York 

City has more banking offices than Bismarck does not 

necessarily mean that banking offices are more prevalent in New York. The density of banking offices should 

be expressed by a measure that scales the number of 

offices in different places so they can be compared. Past 

researchers have taken several approaches to make this 

comparison. A recent FDIC study estimated service 

areas for offices based on reasonable travel distances.24

Similarly, Ergungor (2010) calculated a measure of 

office access for Census tracts in Ohio that uses all 

offices within ten miles of a tract’s center.25

A simpler way to express the density of banking offices 

is to calculate the number of offices per 10,000 people 

for a location. Offices per 10,000 people is easy to 

construct and understand, and although other measures 

might include additional relevant variables, offices per 

10,000 people still can be used to make meaningful 

comparisons over time and across geographies. Chart 7 

depicts the density of banking offices between 1935 

and 2014 in terms of this definition.

The factors that determine the number of offices 

also help shape changes in density. Chart 7 shows 

that the density of banking offices increased from 2.2 

in 1970 to 2.9 in 2014—a period during which population grew by 56 percent and the number of offices grew 

by 109 percent. Thus the per capita density of offices 

increased by about one-third during a period when a 

number of important banking technologies were being 

introduced. Like the total number of banking offices, 

the density of banking offices follows cyclical patterns. 

Clear and substantial declines in office density were 

observed after the banking crises of the 1930s, the 

1980s, and the 2000s.

There is evidence that changes in density at the state 

level also have been influenced by the relaxation of 

24 Eric C. Breitenstein, Karyen Chu, Kathy Kalser, and Eric W. Robbins, 

“Minority Depository Institutions: Structure, Performance, and Social 

Impact,” FDIC Quarterly, Vol. 8, No. 3 (2014): p. 56. https://fdic.gov/

bank/analytical/quarterly/2014_vol8_3/mdi_study.pdf. 25 Ozgur Emre Ergungor, “Bank Branch Presence and Access to Credit 

in Low- to Moderate-Income Neighborhoods,” Journal of Money, 

Credit, and Banking, Vol. 42, No. 7 (October 2010): pp. 1327–28.

Ofce Density Has Declined in Recent Years,

but Remains Higher Than at Any Time Before 1977

Sources: FDIC and U.S. Census Bureau. Historical sources include: FDIC, Historical 

Statistics on Banking; U.S. League of  Savings Associations, Savings and Loan Fact Book; 

America’s Community Bankers, Savings Institution Sourcebook.

Estimated Number of Bank and Thrift Offices per 10,000 People, United States, 1935–2014

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

1935 1941 1947 1953 1959 1965 1971 1977 1983 1989 1995 2001 2007 2013

2.2 

3.4 

2.9 

Based on Historical Sources (1935–1950) Every Five Years 

Based on Historical Sources (1935–1986) and FDIC Summary of Deposits 

(1987–2014) 

Chart 7

Ofce Density Declined Overall Between 1987 and 2014,

but Rose in Former Unit Banking States 

State Branching Category as of 1979 

0.2 

-0.5 

-0.9 

-1.2 -0.8 -0.4 0.0 0.4 

Unit Banking

Other Geographic Restrictions

on Branching

Statewide Branching

Change in Number of Bank and Thrift Offices

per 10,000 People From 1987 to 2014 

Nation

-0.5

Sources: FDIC and U.S. Census Bureau. 

Chart 8
FDIC Quarterly 45 2015, Volume 9, No. 1

Brick-and-Mortar Banking 

Per capita density can be used to compare the relative 

prevalence of physical banking services across geographies 

as well as over time. For the United States as a whole, the 

density of banking offices has declined by about 15 percent 

since 1987. But to the extent that the measure of density 

expresses how “well banked” a specific area is, one might 

expect to see less well banked areas become more dense 

over time, while more densely banked areas become less 

dense over time. To the extent that this is the case, the 

location of banking offices would represent a “meanreverting” process, where extremes to the high side or the 

low side are narrowed by market forces over time.

The data, however, suggest that changes in banking 

density over time at the state and county level are generally not mean-reverting. Chart 9 shows that changes in 

state-level density between 1987 and 2014 appear to be 

unrelated to the density of banking offices in each state 

at the beginning of the period. Similarly, Chart 10 shows 

that changes in county-level density between 1987 and 

2013 also were unrelated to density at the beginning of 

the period.a Taken together, these charts suggest that 

states and counties that started out with higher-thanaverage density tended to stay that way over time, as did 

states and counties with below-average density.

One reason why density tends not to be mean-reverting 

across states and counties is the presence of relatively 

stable long-term differences in density between metro, 

micro, and rural counties. Chart 11 shows that among 

these three county types, rural counties exhibit the highest average density, followed by micro counties, with 

metro counties showing the lowest average density. The 

intuition behind these differences seems clear: Because 

people live farther apart in less populated rural areas, a 

higher number of banking offices per 10,000 people is 

necessary to adequately serve those areas. Chart 11 also 

shows that the differences in density between county 

types have remained fairly stable over time. Average 

density in rural and micro counties, in particular, has 

declined very little since 1987. It takes about as many 

offices, in per capita terms, to serve rural and micro counties today as it did in 1987. By contrast, density in metro 

counties has undergone a 15 percent decline since 1987.

Part of the decline in U.S. office density that has taken 

place since the mid-1980s can be attributed to the multidecade trend of rural depopulation in the United States.b

Between 1980 and 2010, while the nation’s population 

was growing by 36 percent, half of U.S. rural counties lost 

population. Moreover, the depopulation trend actually 

accelerated compared with the period between 1970 and 

2000. With rural counties having an average office 

density that was nearly twice that of metro counties in 

2013, the movement of people out of rural counties and 

into metro counties had the effect of lowering the density 

of banking offices for the nation as a whole.

Chart 9

State-Level Ofce Density in 1987 Did Not Predict

Subsequent Changes in Density 

Percent Change in the Number of Bank and Thrift Offices per 10,000 People, 1987–2014

R2 = 0.0022

-2.0

-1.5

-1.0

-0.5

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

012345 6 7

Number of Offices per 10,000 People in 1987

Sources: FDIC and U.S. Census Bureau.

Note: Includes the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico.

Chart 10

R2 = 0.0019

County-Level Ofce Density in 1987 Did Not Predict

Subsequent Changes in Density

Change in the Number of Bank and Thrift Offices per 10,000 People, 1987–2013

Number of Offices per 10,000 People in 1987

Sources: FDIC and U.S. Census Bureau.

Note: Includes counties of the 48 contiguous states.

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

0 5 10 15 20 25

R2 = 0.0019

Chart 11

Differences in Average Density Across County Types

Have Remained Stable Over Time

Number of Bank and Thrift Offices per 10,000 People by County Type, 1987–2013

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

1987 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2008 2011

Metropolitan Counties Micropolitan Counties Rural Counties

5.1 5.0

4.1 3.9

3.3

2.8

Sources: FDIC and U.S. Census Bureau.

Changes in Density at the State and County Level

a

 The most recent county population data are from 2013.

b

 See John M. Anderlik and Richard D. Cofer Jr., “Long-Term 

Trends in Rural Depopulation and Their Implications for Community Banks,” FDIC Quarterly, Vol. 8, No. 2 (2014), https://www.

fdic.gov/bank/analytical/quarterly/2014_vol8_2/article2.pdf.
FDIC Quarterly 46 2015, Volume 9, No. 1

a visit to a banking office, one might expect that banks 

should be able to operate fewer offices and still serve 

the same number of customers. However, at 2.9 offices 

per 10,000 people in 2014, the density of offices is 

currently greater than at any time before 1977, when 

many of today’s banking technologies were either not 

available or had not yet become mainstream. Despite 

the far-reaching innovations that have occurred in the 

delivery of banking services, the ongoing presence of 

large numbers of physical offices suggests that they still 

create real value in allowing banks to interact with 

their customers.

Components of Structural Change

In addition to the long-term trends in the number and 

location of offices, it is also important to understand the 

components of structural change between periods. For 

example, how many new offices were opened by existing banks versus new banks? How many offices were 

closed as a result of failures, mergers, or charter consolidations versus rationalization of branch structures by 

surviving institutions? The availability of more detailed 

data starting in 2008 allows for a closer look at changes 

in office structure that can address these issues.

FDIC-insured institutions opened and closed thousands 

of offices between 2008 and 2014.26 Chart 12 shows 

that just more than 11,000 unique offices were added 

to the FDIC’s Summary of Deposits survey during this 

six-year period, the vast majority of which were newly 

created offices, as opposed to pre-existing offices being 

newly added to the survey. Of the 15,500 offices that 

were closed over this period, just a small fraction were 

closed as a direct result of bank failures or mergers.

Another important recent trend has been a sustained 

slowdown in the number of newly created offices, which 

was exceeded in almost every year by the number of 

offices closed (see Charts 13 and 14). Office openings 

since 2008 have been held back in part by a lull in the 

creation of new banking charters, while office openings 

at existing institutions have also declined in a less than 

favorable economic environment. Only 15 new charters 

were established between 2010 and 2013, compared 

with 510 new charters between 2006 and 2009.27 Some 

26 Openings and closings are measured from June of each year.

27 Backup and Brown, “Community Banks Remain Resilient,” p. 35. 

New charters include de novo institutions, preexisting institutions that 

converted to an insured bank or thrift (such as conversions from 

credit unions), as well as any other newly insured banking institution 

that filed a year-end financial report.

FDIC-Insured Institutions Have Opened and Closed

Thousands of Ofces Since 2008 

Additions and Subtractions From Bank and Thrift Offices, by Source, 2008–2014 

Sources: FDIC.

-13,324 

-1,087 

-1,159 

1,010 

10,122 

-20,000 -15,000 -10,000 -5,000 0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 

All Other Closings 

Offices Closed Due 

to Mergers 

Offices Closed Due 

to Failures 

Offices Newly Added 

to Survey 

New Offices Opened 

Changes in Offices, 2008–2014

Net Change

2008–2014:

-4,438 

Chart 12

Gross Openings of Ofces Operated by FDIC-Insured

Institutions, 2008–2014

2,800

1,731 1,434 1,452 1,362 1,208

81

15

18

21

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Opened by Existing Banks Opened by New Banks

Source: FDIC.

Chart 13

Gross Closings of Ofces Operated by FDIC-Insured

Institutions, 2008–2014

Source: FDIC.

-2,018 -2,190 -2,021 -2,100 -2,291 -2,615

-625

-729

-230 -309 -171

-271

-3,500

-3,000

-2,500

-2,000

-1,500

-1,000

-500

0

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Other Office Closings Closed After Merger or Failure

Chart 14
FDIC Quarterly 47 2015, Volume 9, No. 1

Brick-and-Mortar Banking 

charters declined by 45 percent between 1994 and 

2014, while the number of noncommunity bank charters declined by 71 percent. However, amid these 

substantial declines in banking charters, the number of 

community banking offices declined by just 6.5 percent, 

while the number of noncommunity banking offices 

increased by 36 percent (see Chart 17).30 The net result 

was an increase in the average size of the community 

bank office network, from 3.2 offices in 1994 to 

5.5 offices in 2014, while the average number of offices 

operated by noncommunity banks rose from 26.4 to 

123.5. So while community banks experienced modest 

increases in the size of their office networks, these 

networks remained at sizes that were generally more 

amenable to local control and decision-making than 

30 Change in banking charters and offices calculated from midyear 

1994 through midyear 2014.

large institutions have also recently announced plans to 

rationalize their branch structures as a means to control 

costs after the financial crisis, while others pared back 

office expansion plans.28

As a percent of offices operating in 2008, more openings and closings of banking offices occurred in metro 

areas between 2008 and 2014 than in micro or rural 

areas (see Chart 15). While 79 percent of offices were 

located in metro areas in 2008, some 85 percent of 

office closings and 89 percent of office openings 

through 2014 occurred in metro areas. By contrast, 

11 percent of offices located in micro areas in 2008 saw 

only 9 percent of office closings and 7 percent of office 

openings through 2014. Similarly, while 10 percent of 

offices were located in rural areas in 2008, rural areas 

saw only 6 percent of office closings and 4 percent of 

openings through 2014.

Notably, the data indicate that the majority of the 

offices operated by FDIC-insured institutions that fail or 

merge out of existence continue operating under new 

ownership after the failure or merger. About 78 percent 

of the offices of failed banks continued to report in the 

next Summary of Deposits survey, as did nearly 

85 percent of the offices operated by banks undergoing 

a voluntary merger or consolidation (see Chart 16).

Although banks of all sizes have closed offices since 

2008, office closings have been concentrated among 

just a few large institutions. Since 2008, just 15 institutions have accounted for one-third of all gross 

office closings. These 15 institutions include some 

of the nation’s largest banks, as well as large regional 

banks, two of which—Washington Mutual and 

Wachovia—failed or were forced to merge during the 

crisis. Other large institutions have pared back their 

extensive office networks as part of their post-crisis 

restructuring efforts. In all, just 52 institutions have 

accounted for one-half of office closings since 2008.

Trends in Community Bank Offices

Because of their focus on relationship banking, trends 

in office structure are particularly important for community banks.29 Amid a long-term trend of banking industry consolidation, the number of community bank 

28 J. Ma, “Wells Fargo Mulls Fewer Branches as Rivals Cut Back,” 

Investor’s Business Daily, March 7, 2012. 29 For the definition of “community bank,” see Chapter 1 of the FDIC 

Community Banking Study, 2012, https://fdic.gov/regulations/

resources/cbi/report/cbi-full.pdf.

The Vast Majority of Ofce Openings and Closings

Occur in Metro Areas

Offices Opened and Closed by FDIC-Insured Institutions, by Area, 2008–2014

Sources: FDIC.

-13,292

-1,372

-890

9,049

670

400

-20,000 -15,000 -10,000 -5,000 0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000

Rural

Micro

Metro

Closings Openings

Chart 15

A Majority of Ofces Continue to Operate

Immediately After a Bank Exit

78.4% 84.6%

60.0%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Bank Failure Bank Voluntary Merger /

Consolidation

Other Bank Closing

Type of Bank Closing Source: FDIC.

Note: Reflects percent of offices appearing on next FDIC Summary of Deposits survey 

following bank closing.

Percent of Offices Surviving Immediately After a Bank Closing, by Type of Closing,

September 2008–June 2014

Chart 16
FDIC Quarterly 48 2015, Volume 9, No. 1

of banking deposits in 2014. These counties accounted 

for nearly 40 percent of all counties and 7.3 percent of 

the U.S. population. Noncommunity banks held at 

least 75 percent of banking deposits in 738 counties, 

accounting for 23 percent of all counties and 64 percent 

of the U.S. population.

It has already been observed that the total number and 

density of banking offices have declined during the 

post-crisis period and that total office closings have 

exceeded office openings since 2010. However, amid 

these trends, community banks proved more reluctant 

to close branches and more willing to open new 

branches than did noncommunity banks. Chart 19 

shows that the number of new offices opened by 

community banks between 2008 and 2014 was equal to 

11.5 percent of the offices they operated in 2008, 

the dozens or hundreds of offices operated by many 

noncommunity banks.

The 2012 FDIC Community Banking Study observed 

that community banks held the majority of local deposits in rural and micro counties through 2011.31 Data 

through 2014 indicate that community banks continue 

to maintain these majorities, and now hold 72 percent 

of deposits in U.S. rural counties and 56 percent of 

deposits in micro counties (see Chart 18). While the 

majority of community bank deposits continue to be 

held in metro counties, the community banks’ share of 

total metro area deposits has declined from 36 percent 

in 1987 to 13 percent in 2014. It is primarily this loss of 

market share in metro areas that has driven down the 

community bank share of total industry deposits from 

41 percent in 1987 to 16 percent in 2014.

The 2012 Study also identified 629 counties in which 

community banks operated 100 percent of all banking 

offices as of 2011.32 This report extends that analysis by 

identifying 646 counties where community banks held 

100 percent of local deposits as of 2014 (see Map 2).33

Further insight into markets where community banks 

predominate is provided in Map 2; shaded regions indicate counties where community banks hold between 

75 percent and 99 percent of total deposits. In all, there 

were 1,244 counties in the United States and Puerto 

Rico where community banks held at least 75 percent 

31 FDIC Community Banking Study, p. 3-6. 32 Ibid, p. 3-5. 33 “Counties” refers to counties and other geographic areas (parishes, 

municipios, districts, and islands, for example) within the 50 states, 

the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico that are treated as county 

equivalents by the U.S. Census Bureau.

The Number of Community Bank Ofces Has

Remained Stable Since the Mid-1990s, While

Noncommunity Banks Have Added Ofces

Total Offices of FDIC-Insured Institutions, 1987–2014

Source: FDIC.

0

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

1987 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2008 2011 2014

Noncommunity Banks

Community Banks

Chart 17

Community Banks Hold the Majority of Deposits in

Micropolitan and Rural Counties

Source: FDIC.

Community Bank Share of Local Deposits, 1987–2014, by County Type

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

1987 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2008 2011 2014

Rural Counties

Micropolitan Counties

Metropolitan Counties 80%

69%

36%

72%

56%

13%

Chart 18

Community Banks Have Tended to Open More

New Ofces and Close Fewer Existing Ofces

Than Noncommunity Banks

Sources: FDIC.

+0.8% 

+5.1% 

-17.3% 

+9.5% 

+1.3% 

-8.6% 

+11.5% 

-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15

New Offices Added to Survey

Net Transfer Between Groups

Gross Office Closings

Gross Office Openings

Community Banks Noncommunity Banks 

Net Change

-8.8%

Net Change

-1.9%

Percent Change in Number of Offices, 2008–2014 

Source of Change:

-13.0% 

Chart 19
FDIC Quarterly 49 2015, Volume 9, No. 1

Brick-and-Mortar Banking 

therefore their banking offices) that fail or merge are 

acquired by other community banks, this percentage 

declines with the size of the institution.34 Between 2003 

and 2013, some 85 percent of community banks with 

assets less than $100 million were acquired by other 

community banks, compared with just 10 percent of 

community banks with assets between $1 billion and 

$10 billion.

Conclusion

This paper chronicles the historical evolution of the 

banking industry, focusing on the physical banking 

offices operated by federally insured banks and thrifts. 

The number of U.S. banking offices has generally 

grown with population in recent decades, reaching an 

all-time peak as recently as 2009. There has also been 

considerable cyclicality in the number of offices that 

34 Backup and Brown, “Community Banks Remain Resilient Amid 

Industry Consolidation,” pp. 40–41.

compared with 9.5 percent for noncommunity banks. 

The chart also shows that the number of offices closed

by community banks during this period was equal to 

13 percent of the offices they operated in 2008, 

compared with 17.3 percent for noncommunity banks. 

This comparison is consistent with the notion that 

community banks remain more reliant on physical 

banking offices than do noncommunity banks.

Chart 19 also shows that the total number of community bank offices declined by 8.8 percent between 2008 

and 2014, compared with a decline of just 1.9 percent 

for noncommunity banks. All of this differential in the 

growth rate for banking offices between community and 

noncommunity banks can be accounted for by the net 

transfer of offices between the two groups as a result of 

failures, mergers, branch sales, or changes in the size or 

structure of the institution. While previous research has 

shown that nearly two-thirds of community banks (and 

Map 2
FDIC Quarterly 50 2015, Volume 9, No. 1

has coincided with banking crises that occurred in the 

late 1980s and again in the late 2000s. Geographic variation in office growth over time appears to be associated 

with differences in population growth and with the 

varying regional effects of legislative changes that have 

relaxed or eliminated restrictions on branch banking 

and interstate banking. New technologies introduced 

since at least the 1970s have expanded the number of 

ways that customers can interact with their bank. Yet 

surveys continue to show that visiting a teller continues 

to be the most common way for households to access 

their accounts. Banking offices remain prevalent. The 

total per capita density of banking offices in 2014 was 

higher than in any year before 1977, and the density of 

banking offices in rural and micropolitan counties has 

declined very little over the past 25 years.

More detailed office data available for the past seven 

years show that, although FDIC-insured institutions 

have opened and closed thousands of banking offices 

since 2008, the number of office closings has consistently outpaced openings of new offices since 2010. 

Over the past seven years, community banks have 

opened proportionately more offices and closed fewer 

offices than noncommunity banks. Still, the total 

number of community bank offices declined more than 

the number of noncommunity bank offices because of 

the conversion of charters to noncommunity status 

caused by failures, mergers, and changes in the size and 

structure of the institution.

This analysis shows that physical offices remain a vital 

channel through which FDIC-insured institutions 

deliver financial services to their customers. New technologies have certainly created convenient new ways 

for bank customers to conduct business, yet there is 

little evidence that these new channels have done 

much to replace traditional brick-and-mortar offices 

where banking relationships are built. Convenient, 

online services are here to stay, but as long as personal 

service and relationships remain important, bankers and 

their customers will likely continue to do business 

face-to-face.

Authors: Eric C. Breitenstein, Economic Analyst

Division of Insurance and Research

 John M. McGee, Senior Financial Analyst

Division of Insurance and Research

References

America’s Community Bankers. Savings Institution Sourcebook, 

1995, Washington, D.C., 1995.

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