# Patent

## Title
Receiver for a trailer hitch

## Abstract

A vehicle trailer hitch including an aluminum tubular U-shaped strut and a cast aluminum receiver mounted thereto. Ends of the strut tube are flatted to form integral planar mounting flanges for mounting the hitch to a vehicle.

## Background
This application is a continuation of U.S. Ser. No. 10/269,483 entitled “Trailer Hitch” filed Oct. 11, 2002 now U.S. Pat. No. 6,669,223, which is a divisional of U.S. Ser. No. 09/694,590, filed Oct. 23, 2000, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,464,240, entitled “Trailer Hitch”.


FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to vehicle trailer hitches, more particularly to a two component trailer hitch manufactured from aluminum.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Many passenger vehicles, particularly trucks, vans and sport utility vehicles are used to tow a trailer. The trailer is attached to a towing vehicle via a trailer hitch. One common type of trailer hitch is a receiver trailer hitch which includes a generally rectangular shaped tubular receiver in an assembly fixed to the vehicle frame structure. A generally rectangular shaped tongue extending from the trailer is mounted inside the receiver. The trailer hitch communicates the pulling, turning and braking forces from the towing vehicle to the trailer. Trailer hitches must bear a significant load and are designed for both functionality and aesthetics. In view of the strength and safety requirements of trailer hitches, a conventional 10,000-pound capacity trailer hitch typically weighs about of 35 pounds.
These conventional devices are typically formed from steel and include assembly of numerous components which may number as high as eight or more and which are joined together via arc welding. These heavy trailer hitches are often difficult to manipulate when installing or removing from a vehicle. Moreover, the weight of the trailer hitch adds significantly to the vehicle weight, thus reducing the fuel efficiency of the towing vehicle.
Typical trailer hitches formed from steel and having multiple components are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,578,358; 4,032,170; 5,102,156; 5,511,813; 5,620,198 and 5,277,448. Common to the trailer hitches disclosed in each of these patents is a multi-piece structure having an overall U-shaped configuration which is bolted at least at the ends of the U-shaped structure to the towing vehicle. U.S. Pat. No. 5,489,111 discloses a hidden trailer hitch having a curved strut member with mounting flanges attached to the end of the curved structure. U.S. Pat. No. Des. 427,118 discloses a design of elliptical tubes for use in a trailer hitch.
A significant drawback to conventional trailer hitches is the sheer number of components of the trailer hitches. The number of components adds to the complexity in manufacturing and installing the trailer hitch as well as the overall weight of the trailer hitch.
Accordingly, a need remains for a simple, lightweight vehicle trailer hitch having a minimum number of components.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
This need is met by the vehicle trailer hitch of the present invention which includes 1) a unitary strut having a pair of integrally formed mounting members positioned at the ends of the strut and 2) a unitary receiver fixed to the strut at a position between the ends of the strut. Preferably, the strut is a U-shaped tubular member manufactured from extruded aluminum alloy having a cross-sectional configuration of an oval or a football-shape, with the mounting members formed at the ends of the tube. The ends of the tube are flattened to provide substantially planar portions. One or more openings are defined in the planar portions for receiving a fastener therethrough to fix the tube to a vehicle. The receiver includes a cast aluminum body preferably welded to the strut. An opening defined in the receiver is configured to receive one end of a trailer. The internal surfaces of the opening may be coated with a protective material such as stainless steel.
The receiver further includes a bracket extending from the top of the receiver body. The bracket includes an arcuately shaped attachment surface which abuts the exterior surface of the strut tube. A strut support member extends from the receiver body opposite the opening for receiving the tongue member of a trailer. The strut support member includes an elongated flange with a strut support surface disposed on an opposing side of the strut tube from the arcuately shaped attachment surface of the bracket. A hanger may be fixed to the strut tube for supporting and mounting electrical cables thereto.
The present invention further includes a method of manufacturing a vehicle trailer hitch having the steps of providing a tube having a pair of ends, bending the tube into a U-shape, flattening the ends of the tube to form a pair of substantially planar portions, reforming a portion of the tube between the ends to mate with a trailer receiver and mounting a trailer receiver on the tube at a position between the ends. The step of providing a tube preferably includes extruding an aluminum alloy tube having an oval or football-shaped cross-sectional configuration. A portion of tube is reformed to achieve a cross-sectional configuration which mates with a surface of the receiver. The receiver preferably is manufactured from cast aluminum and is welded to the tube.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
A complete understanding of the invention will be obtained from the following description when taken in connection with the accompanying drawing figures wherein like reference characters identify like parts throughout.
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a vehicle trailer hitch made in accordance with the present invention including a tube, a receiver and a bracket;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the tube shown in FIG. 1 taken along line 2—2;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the tube shown in FIG. 1 taken along line 3—3;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the vehicle trailer hitch shown in FIG. 1 taken along line 4—4;
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the receiver shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 6 is a front elevation view of the receiver shown in FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is a top view of the receiver shown in FIG. 5;
FIG. 8 is a front elevation of the bracket shown in FIG. 1; and
FIG. 9 is a top view of the bracket shown in FIG. 8.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
For purposes of the description hereinafter, the terms “upper”, “lower”, “right”, “left”, “vertical”, “horizontal”, “top”, “bottom” and derivatives thereof shall relate to the invention as it is oriented in the drawing figures. However, it is to be understood that the invention may assume various alternative variations and step sequences, except where expressly specified to the contrary. It is also to be understood that the specific devices and processes illustrated in the attached drawings, and described in the following specification, are simply exemplary embodiments of the invention. Hence, specific dimensions and other physical characteristics related to the embodiments disclosed herein are not to be considered as limiting.
The vehicle trailer hitch 2 of the present invention shown in FIG. 1 includes, in its most basic form, a U-shaped strut 10 and a receiver 30 mounted to the strut 10 with an optional hanger 70.
The strut 10 is preferably in the form of a tube having a cross-sectional configuration which varies long its length. The strut 10 preferably is extruded aluminum alloy of the Aluminum Association 6000 series, more preferably alloys 6082, 6063 or 6061, most preferably alloy 6082. The ends of the strut 10 are flattened, e.g. in a press, to form the cross-sectional configuration shown in FIG. 2, thereby creating integrally formed mounting members 12. The mounting members 12 may have other configurations yet be integrally formed with the strut 10. The mounting members 12 each define at least one, preferably two, holes 14 in an underside 16 thereof and a corresponding number of holes 18 in an upper side 20. Preferably, the holes 14 and 18 have the same or similar dimensions, although one set of holes 14 and 18 may have different dimensions from another set of holes 14 and 18. Each set of one hole 14 and one hole 18 is aligned to receive a fastener (not shown) therethrough. Preferably, a headed bolt or the like seats on the underside 16 of the mounting members 12 and the shank of the bolt extends through the holes 14 and 18 and into the underside of a vehicle (not shown) to mount the hitch 2 to the vehicle.
An intermediate portion 22 of the strut 10 has a generally oval or football-shaped cross-sectional configuration as shown in FIG. 3, and a central portion 24 of the strut 10 has an irregular cross-sectional configuration as shown in FIG. 4 in the location of the receiver 30. Preferably, the strut 10 is extruded as a straight tube having a wall 25 and a football-shaped cross-sectional configuration. The ends are flattened to form the mounting members 12, and the tube is bent into a U-shape forming curved portions 26.
Referring to FIG. 1, the wall 25 of the strut 10 may further define one or more openings 28 through a single thickness of the wall 25. The openings 28 are positioned and sized to accommodate downwardly extending structures on the underside of a vehicle which would otherwise interfere with the positioning of the strut 10 against the under side of the vehicle.
The wall 25 of the strut 10 is deformed from the extruded cross-sectional configuration as shown in FIG. 4 to permit mounting of the receiver 30 to the central portion 24 of the strut 10. The receiver 30 is preferably fixed to the central portion 24 of the strut 10 via welding as shown at reference numerals 31. The cross-sectional configuration of the central portion 24 of the strut 10 achieves an acceptable mating relationship between the strut 10 and the receiver 30.
The receiver 30 includes a unitary body 32 which defines a socket opening 34 for receiving the tongue member of a trailer (not shown). The receiver preferably is manufactured from cast aluminum of the Aluminum Association 3xx series, more preferably alloy A356. An inner surface of the socket opening 34 is preferably lined with a plasma sprayed composition such as stainless steel to provide wear resistance and corrosion resistance to the aluminum receiver 30. An arm 36 extends from the body 32 on an opposite side thereof from the socket opening 34. An elongated flange 38 extends from the arm 36 and includes a strut support surface 40. Preferably, the central portion 24 is welded to the strut support surface 40 of the receiver 30. One or more brackets 42 extend from an upper side of the receiver 30 and include a wall 44. A sloped ledge 46 extends from one side of the wall 44, a generally horizontal ledge 48 extends from a topside of the wall 44, and a generally vertical ledge 50 extends from a rear side of the wall 44. An arcuately shaped flange 52 extends from the vertical ledge 50 and includes a strut receiving surface 54 on an underside of the ledge 50 and at least one, preferably two, ribs 56 formed in an upper surface thereof. Each sloped ledge 46 defines an opening 58 for receiving safety chains and the like of a trailer (not shown), and each wall 44 defines an opening 60 for receiving a trailer hitch pin (not shown). A mounting hole 62 is defined in the horizontal ledge 48. A bolt (not shown) may extend from an underside of the ledge 48, through the hole 62 and into the underside of a vehicle (not shown) to further secure the hitch 2 to the vehicle.
Referring to FIGS. 1, 8 and 9, the trailer hitch 2 may include a hanger 70 fixed to the intermediate portion 22 of the strut 10. The hanger 70 includes a planar member 72 defining one or more first openings 74 for providing access to weld the hanger 70 to the strut 10. A second opening 76 and third openings 77 defined in the planar member 72 are sized and configured to receive electrical connections and/or cables between the vehicle and the trailer. A pair of side support members 78 is integrally formed with the planar member 72 and has curved surfaces 80 which mate with the strut 10.
Having described the presently preferred embodiments, it is to be understood that the invention may be otherwise embodied within the scope of the appended claims.

## Claims

1. A unitary cast receiver for a vehicle trailer hitch comprising:
a tubular body having an upper side and a lower side, one end of said body defining an opening for receiving one end of a vehicle trailer; 
a bracket extending from said body upper side, said bracket terminating in an arcuately shaped flange having a strut receiving surface for mating with a strut of a trailer hitch; and 
a strut support member including an arm extending from the other end of said body, said arm including an elongated flange with a strut support surface for supporting a strut of a trailer hitch on an opposing side of the strut from said strut receiving surface of the arcuately shaped flange of said bracket, wherein said body, said bracket and said strut support member are integral portions of said unitary cast receiver.

2. The unitary receiver of claim 1 wherein said unitary receiver comprises a pair of said brackets, each said bracket terminating in an arcuately shaped flange having a strut receiving surface for mating with a strut of a trailer hitch.

3. A unitary receiver for a vehicle trailer hitch comprising:
a tubular body having an upper side and a lower side, one end of said body defining an opening for receiving one end of a vehicle trailer; 
a pair of brackets extending from said body upper side, each said bracket terminating in an arcuately shaped flange having a strut receiving surface for mating with a strut of a trailer hitch and at least one reinforcing rib on said flange on an opposing side of said flange from said strut receiving surface; and 
a strut support member extending from the other end of said body for supporting a strut of a trailer hitch on an opposing side of the strut from said strut receiving surface of the arcuately shaped flanges of said pair of brackets.

4. The unitary receiver of claim 3 wherein said strut support member comprises an arm extending from said other end of said body, said arm including an elongated flange with a strut support surface.

5. The unitary receiver of claim 4 wherein the strut support surface of said elongated flange opposes the arcuately shaped flanges of said pair of brackets.

6. In a trailer hitch comprising an elongated strut and a receiver mounted to the strut, the improvement comprising:
said receiver being a unitary cast member comprising a tubular body having an upper side and a lower side, one end of said body defining an opening for receiving one end of a vehicle trailer; 
a bracket extending from said body upper side, said bracket terminating in an arcuately shaped flange having a strut receiving surface mating with said strut; and 
a strut support member including an arm extending from the other end of said body, said arm including an elongated flange with a strut support surface for supporting said strut on an opposing side of said strut from said strut receiving surface of the arcuately shaped flange of said bracket, wherein said body, said bracket and said strut support member are integral portions of said unitary cast receiver.

7. The trailer hitch of claim 6 wherein said unitary receiver comprises a pair of said brackets, each said bracket terminating in an arcuately shaped flange having a strut receiving surface mating with the strut.

8. In a trailer hitch comprising an elongated strut and a receiver mounted to the strut, the improvement comprising:
said receiver being a unitary member comprising a tubular body having an upper side and a lower side, one end of said body defining an opening for receiving one end of a vehicle trailer; 
a pair of brackets extending from said body upper side, each said bracket terminating in an arcuately shaped flange having a strut receiving surface mating with said strut and at least one reinforcing rib on said flange on an opposing side of said flange from said strut receiving surface; and 
a strut support member extending from the other end of said body and supporting said strut on an opposing side of said strut from said strut receiving surfaces of the arcuately shaped flanges of said pair of brackets.

9. The trailer hitch of claim 8 wherein said support member comprises an arm extending from said other end of said body, said arm including an elongated flange with a strut support surface.

10. The trailer hitch of claim 9 wherein the strut support surface of said elongated flange is located on an opposing side of the strut from the strut receiving surfaces of said arcuately shaped flanges of said pair of brackets.