2021 IL App (2d) 190490-U 

No. 2-19-0490 

Order filed March 19, 2021 

NOTICE: This order was filed under Supreme Court Rule 23(b) and is not precedent 

except in the limited circumstances allowed under Rule 23(e)(l).

______________________________________________________________________________ 

IN THE

APPELLATE COURT OF ILLINOIS

SECOND DISTRICT

______________________________________________________________________________ 

NATIONSTAR MORTGAGE, LLC, ) Appeal from the Circuit Court

) of Du Page County.

Plaintiff-Appellee, ) 

) 

v. ) No. 10-CH-2501 

) 

DERRICK McKINLEY, aka Derrick P. ) 

McKinley; FOUR LAKES CONDOMINIUM ) 

HOMES CONDOMINIUM ASSOCIATION ) 

B; UNKNOWN HEIRS AND LEGATEES OF ) 

DERRICK McKINLEY, IF ANY; ) 

UNKNOWN OWNERS AND NONRECORD ) 

CLAIMANTS, ) 

) 

Defendants ) 

) 

(Derrick McKinley, Defendant-Appellant; ) Honorable 

Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., Respondent- ) James D. Orel,

Appellee). ) Judge, Presiding.

______________________________________________________________________________ 

JUSTICE BIRKETT delivered the judgment of the court.

Justices Hutchinson and Schostok concurred in the judgment.

ORDER

¶ 1 Held: Where defendant filed a petition for relief from an allegedly void default 

foreclosure judgment for lack of personal jurisdiction pursuant to 735 ILCS 5/2-

1401(f) (West 2018), the petition was properly dismissed because (1) the mortgagee 

exercised the requisite due inquiry to locate defendant and due diligence to 

ascertain defendant’s place of residence prior to serving him by publication; (2) the 
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publication affidavit was filed within a reasonable time after the mortgagee 

exhausted its leads in searching for defendant; and (3) the argument raised by 

defendant regarding the absence of a certificate from the clerk of court was 

previously rejected by this court. Therefore, we affirmed. 

¶ 2 Defendant, Derrick McKinley, brought a petition under section 2-1401(f) of the Code of 

Civil Procedure (Code) (735 ILCS 5/2-1401(f) (West 2018)), arguing that the default judgment of 

foreclosure entered against him was void ab initio for lack of personal jurisdiction because 

plaintiff, Nationstar Mortgage, LLC (Nationstar), failed to strictly comply with the requirements 

of section 2-206(a) of the Code (735 ILCS 5/2-206(a) (West 2018)) for service by publication. 

Nationstar and section 2-1401 respondent, Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. (Wells Fargo), both filed 

motions to dismiss, which the circuit court granted after a hearing. We affirm. 

¶ 3 I. BACKGROUND

¶ 4 On May 5, 2010, Nationstar filed an action against defendant, as owner and mortgagor, to 

foreclose its mortgage lien interest on the real property located at 6020 Oakwood Drive, Unit 3H, 

Lisle, Illinois, 60532 (the property). The complaint alleged that defendant had defaulted on his 

mortgage loan by failing to make payments for August 2009 and thereafter. 

¶ 5 The record reflects that the special process server, E.L. Johnson Investigations, 

unsuccessfully attempted to serve defendant on two occasions. The service affidavits demonstrate 

the following. On May 14, 2010, the process server attempted unsuccessfully to serve defendant 

at the property. It averred that the property was vacant, that there was a realtor lock box associated 

with the property in the lobby of the building, and that “there was a Census visit note wedged into 

the door frame.” On May 21, 2010, the process server attempted to serve defendant at the Du Page 

County Sheriff’s Office, which was the address listed on defendant’s vehicle registration. This 

attempt, too, was unsuccessful. The process server averred that he spoke with an administrator in 

the Du Page County Sheriff’s Office, but he was advised that defendant was a former inmate of 
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the Du Page County jail who was released in February 2010. The process server prepared a “locate 

affidavit” reiterating the above-referenced service attempts and further stating that it had 

conducted a search of multiple public records databases, which covered death records, telephone 

information services, a social security number search, and a vehicle registration search with the 

Illinois Secretary of State. According to the affidavit, these searches yielded no telephone number 

or address for defendant other than the property and the Du Page County Sheriff’s Office. The 

affidavit indicated that, as of May 27, 2010, defendant could not be found. These affidavits were 

file-stamped by the clerk of the circuit court on June 7, 2010. 

¶ 6 On June 18, 2010, Nationstar filed an affidavit for service by publication (publication 

affidavit) pursuant to section 2-206(a) of the Code. The affidavit was executed by one of 

Nationstar’s attorneys, Paul D. Brask, who averred that, after due inquiry, defendant’s whereabouts 

were unknown and defendant’s address could not be ascertained such that he could not be 

personally served with process, as well as that defendant’s last known address was the property. 

Brask also detailed Nationstar’s various efforts to locate defendant. Specifically, he averred that 

Nationstar: (1) ordered and reviewed defendant’s credit report for possible addresses on April 22, 

2010; (2) reviewed Nationstar’s foreclosure information package for possible addresses on April 

27, 2010; (3) reviewed the deed for the property for possible additional addresses on April 27, 

2010; (4) reviewed public records of the Du Page County probate court for a possible pending 

probate case on April 28, 2010; (5) attempted to serve defendant personally on May 14 and May 

21, 2010, as attested to by the process server; (6) ordered and reviewed a property inspection report

on May 5, 2010, to determine the occupants of the property; and (7) searched various databases on 

May 27, 2010, as previously attested to by the process server in the locate affidavit. 
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¶ 7 On June 24, 2010, Nationstar filed a certificate of publication indicating that it had 

published notice of the foreclosure in the Lisle Sun newspaper on June 25, July 2, and July 9, 2010. 

¶ 8 On September 20, 2011, another attorney for Nationstar, Elliott Halsey, averred that he 

reviewed the court file on September 12, 2011, and that the proof of service of the summons 

showed that defendant was served by publication on June 25, 2011, but that defendant had neither 

filed an appearance nor answered the complaint. 

¶ 9 That same day, on September 20, 2011, the circuit court entered an order of default against 

defendant, as well as a judgment of foreclosure and sale. The judgment expressly stated that the 

court “ha[d] jurisdiction over the parties.” 

¶ 10 On January 5, 2012, the property was sold at a judicial sale, and the circuit court entered 

an order confirming the sale on January 31, 2012. The confirmation order expressly stated that 

the “[c]ourt obtained personal jurisdiction” over defendant. Defendant did not pursue a direct 

appeal. The property was subsequently sold to a third party, Adriane M. Gray, on June 12, 2012. 

She financed her purchase of the property, in part, with a loan from Wells Fargo. 

¶ 11 On February 28, 2013, defendant filed a Chapter 7 bankruptcy petition. He did not list the 

property in his schedule of assets. Instead, he reported that he lost the property in a foreclosure 

proceeding. Defendant’s debts were discharged, and the bankruptcy was closed, in June 2013. 

¶ 12 More than six years after the foreclosure concluded and Gray took title to the property, on 

October 23, 2018, defendant filed a petition for relief from void judgments (the petition) pursuant 

to section 2-1401(f) of the Code. He asserted that the default judgment should be vacated as void 

ab initio because Nationstar failed to strictly comply with the requirements of section 2-206(a) of 

the Code for service by publication, such that the circuit court lacked personal jurisdiction over 

him in the underlying foreclosure proceeding. Specifically, he asserted that (1) the publication 
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affidavit showed that Nationstar lacked diligence in attempting to locate him prior to requesting 

service by publication because (1) the “actions described in the affidavit occurred about 2 months 

before the affidavit was filed” and (2) the record did not contain a certificate of the clerk that the 

publication notice was mailed as required by section 2-206(a). He requested, among other relief, 

that the circuit court (1) find that the lack of jurisdiction was apparent on the face of the record; 

(2) decree him the owner of the property and award him possession; (3) order Nationstar, Gray, 

and others, “to pay [him], as restitution, reasonable use and occupancy of [the property] from 

March 1, 2012, through and including the date [he] is restored to possession.” In the alternative, 

defendant requested that Nationstar, Gray, and others, be ordered to pay “as restitution, the value 

of the [p]roperty on the date that [the] petition is granted plus reasonable use and occupancy of 

[the property] from March 1, 2012, through and including the date that restitution is paid in full,” 

as well as order Nationstar, Gray, Wells Fargo, and others, to pay him “as restitution, all profits 

that they derived from [the property].” He did not support the petition with an affidavit or other 

verification to show any matters outside of the court record. 

¶ 13 On January 22, 2019, Nationstar filed a motion to dismiss the petition pursuant to section 

2-615 of the Code (735 ILCS 5/2-615 (West 2018)). It argued that the petition was legally 

insufficient because Nationstar’s publication affidavit demonstrated diligent efforts to 

conventionally serve defendant prior to obtaining service by publication. It further argued that

section 2-206(a) of the Code did not require a certificate of mailing from the clerk because the 

court file contained a certificate of publication and the circuit court made an express finding that 

it had personal jurisdiction over defendant. 

¶ 14 On February 13, 2019, Wells Fargo filed a combined motion to dismiss pursuant to section 

2-619.1 of the Code (735 ILCS 5/2-619.1 (West 2018)). It raised arguments like those raised by 
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Nationstar concerning the sufficiency of defendant’s petition, and it further argued, in part, that: 

(1) section 554 (c) and (d) of Title 11 of the United States Code (Bankruptcy Code) (11 U.S.C. § 

554(c), (d) (West 2018)), precluded defendant’s petition; (2) it was entitled to bona fide purchaser 

protections under section 2-1401(e) of the Code (735 ILCS 5/2-1401(e) (West 2018)); (3) the 

petition was barred by the doctrine of laches; (4) the petition failed to establish a lack of personal 

jurisdiction over defendant; and (5) the petition sought improper relief.

¶ 15 On May 6, 2019, after a hearing, the circuit court granted both motions and dismissed the 

petition with prejudice. Defendant timely appealed. 

¶ 16 II. ANALYSIS

¶ 17 Defendant appealsthe dismissal of his section 2-1401 petition, arguing that the circuit court 

lacked personal jurisdiction over him when it entered the default judgment of foreclosure. We 

conclude that dismissal was appropriate under section 2-619(a)(9) of the Code, which allows 

dismissal of an action where “the claim asserted against defendant is barred by other affirmative 

matter avoiding the legal effect of or defeating the claim.” 735 ILCS 5/2-619(a)(9) (West 2018). 

We review the dismissal of an action under section 2-619(a)(9) de novo. JP Morgan Chase Bank, 

N.A. v. Robinson, 2020 IL App (2d) 190275, ¶ 17. Moreover, when a petition is brought pursuant 

to subsection (f) of section 2-1401 of the Code, it raises a purely legal challenge to a judgment, 

and we review the matter de novo. Warren County Soil & Water Conservation District v. Walters, 

2015 IL 117783, ¶ 47.

¶ 18 Section 2-1401 of the Code “authorizes a party to seek relief from a final judgment, when 

brought more than 30 days after judgment has been entered.” Sarkissian v. Chicago Board of 

Education, 201 Ill. 2d 95, 102 (2002). The purpose of a section 2-1401 petition is to bring to the 

attention of the trial court facts that, if known at the time of judgment, would have precluded its 
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entry. Arch Bay Holdings, LLC-Series 2010B v. Perez, 2015 IL App (2d) 141117, ¶ 8. Typically, 

relief under this section requires that a petitioner file, between 30 days and 2 years from the entry 

of the judgment, a petition demonstrating: (1) the existence of a meritorious defense or claim; (2) 

due diligence in presenting the defense or claim; and (3) due diligence in filing the petition. U.S. 

Bank National Ass’n v. Rahman, 2016 IL App (2d) 150040, ¶ 25. However, these requirements 

are inapplicable where, as is the case here, the section 2-1401 petition is brought under subsection 

(f), which allows a petitioner to attack a judgment as void. Id. “[T]he allegation [in a section 2-

1401 petition] that the judgment or order is void substitutes for and negates the need to allege a 

meritorious defense and due diligence.” Warren County, 2015 IL 117783, ¶ 48 (quoting 

Sarkissian, 201 Ill. 2d at 104. A section 2-1401 petition “must be supported by affidavit or other 

appropriate showing as to matters not of record.” 735 ILCS 5/2-1401(b) (West 2018)); Deutsche 

Bank National Trust Co. v. Sedys, 2019 IL App (2d) 180188, ¶ 12. “[A] petition for relief from

judgment under section 2-1401 [is] a proper vehicle by which to challenge a judgment as void for 

lack of personal jurisdiction.” West Suburban Bank v. Advantage Financial Partners, LLC, 2014 

IL App (2d) 131146, ¶ 25. 

¶ 19 It is well established that a valid judgment requiresjurisdiction over both the subject matter 

of the litigation and the parties to that litigation. In re Marriage of Verdung, 126 Ill. 2d 542, 547 

(1989). The court may acquire personal jurisdiction either by the party making a general 

appearance or by service of process compliant with the applicable statutory requirements. Id. “A 

judgment entered by a court that lacks jurisdiction over the parties is void and may be attacked and 

vacated at any time, either directly or collaterally. Id. 
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¶ 20 Relevant here, personal jurisdiction may be acquired by means of publication in actions 

affecting property pursuant section 2-206 of the Code. It provides, pertinently, that a party seeking 

to serve a defendant by publication must file:

“an affidavit showing that the defendant resides or has gone out of this State, or on 

due inquiry cannot be found, or is concealed within this State, so that process cannot be 

served upon him or her, and stating the place of residence of the defendant, if known, or 

that upon diligent inquiry his or her place of residence cannot be ascertained[.]” 735 ILCS 

5/2-206(a) (West 2010).

Once such an affidavit is filed, section 2-206 triggers certain obligations for the clerk of court. 

Namely, the clerk must publish notice of the pendency of the action in a newspaper that circulates 

within the county where the action is pending. Then, within ten days of the first publication, the 

clerk must: 

“send a copy thereof by mail, addressed to each defendant whose place of residence 

is stated in such affidavit. The certificate of the clerk that he or she has sent the copy in 

pursuance of this Section is evidence that he or she has done so.” Id. 

¶ 21 The crux of defendant’s argument on appeal is that the circuit court lacked personal 

jurisdiction over him in the underlying foreclosure proceeding because section 2-206(a) of the 

Code, which governs service by publication, was not strictly complied with. His argument is 

twofold, and it largely mirrors that which the circuit court rejected when it dismissed the petition. 

Namely, defendant contends that the default judgment of foreclosure is void because (1) Nationstar 

did not undertake an honest effort to locate him prior to serving him by publication, and (2) the 

record does not contain a certificate from the clerk of court indicating that it mailed him published 

notice of the proceedings. We reject both arguments, in turn. 
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¶ 22 The requirements of section 2-206(a) are well settled. “The plaintiff must conduct both 

‘diligent inquiry’ in ascertaining the defendant’s residence and ‘due inquiry’ in ascertaining the 

defendant’s whereabouts before the plaintiff can properly execute an affidavit stating that the 

defendant cannot be found. Citimortgage, Inc. v. Cotton, 2012 IL App (1st) 102438, ¶ 18. The 

requirements of due diligence and due inquiry must be strictly complied with in order to vest the 

circuit court with jurisdiction over a defendant. BankUnited v. Velcich, 2015 IL App (1st) 132070, 

¶ 30. Due inquiry to find the defendant and due diligence to ascertain the defendant’s place of 

residence are statutory prerequisites for service by publication. Bank of New York v. Unknown 

Heirs and Legatees, 369 Ill. App. 3d 472, 476 (2006). These “are not intended as pro forma or 

useless phrases requiring mere perfunctory performance, but, on the contrary, require an honest 

and well-directed effort to ascertain the whereabouts of a defendant by inquiry as full as 

circumstances permit.” Id. These requirements are grounded in the notion that every defendant 

“is entitled to receive the best possible notice of [a] pending suit.” See Bell Federal Savings and 

Loan v. Horton, 59 Ill. App. 3d 923, 926 (1976). Service by publication is permissible only in 

limited cases where personal service could not be achieved and only after strict compliance with 

section 2-206. Deutsche Bank National Trust Co. v. Brewer, 2012 IL App (1st) 111213, ¶ 18. 

¶ 23 Defendant’s argument in his section 2-1401 petition, and on appeal, is that Nationstar did 

not undertake an honest effort to locate him prior to seeking to serve him by publication. “Where 

the efforts to comply with these statutory provisions have been casual, routine, or spiritless, service 

by publication is not justified.” Bank of New York, 369 Ill. App. 3d at 476. In defendant’s 

estimation, Nationstar’s efforts of conducting “five perfunctory ‘reviews’ of documents during a 

two-week period followed by a mere two attempts at personal service within a one-week span” 

were insufficient to strictly comply with section 2-206(a) because it lacked the required due 
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diligence and due inquiry, and he maintains that the publication affidavit affirmatively 

demonstrates a lack of due and diligent inquiry in attempting to locate him. 

¶ 24 Notwithstanding his characterization of the publication affidavit, defendant’s argument 

appears to raise a factual issue concerning the sufficiency of Nationstar’s efforts to locate him—it 

does not demonstrate the presence of any defect appearing on the face of the publication affidavit. 

See Bank of New York Mellon v. Karbowski, 2014 IL App (1st) 130112, ¶ 11. Because he contested 

the exercise of Nationstar’s due diligence and due inquiry generally, rather than any specific defect 

that affirmatively appears on the face of the publication affidavit, it was incumbent upon defendant 

to file a counteraffidavit demonstrating that he could have been found on “due inquiry” and with 

“due diligence.” Compare First Bank & Trust Co. of O’Fallon, Illinois v. King, 311 Ill. App. 3d 

1053, 1057 (mortgagor’s bare allegation that mortgagee failed to conduct due inquiry was 

conclusory and thus insufficient) with Karbowski, 2014 IL App (1st) 130112, ¶ 11 (mortgagor did

not need to file an affidavit in support of his motion to quash service because he did not contest 

the mortgage holder’s exercise of due diligence in attempting to locate him). 

¶ 25 Here, defendant’s section 2-1401 petition lacked any counteraffidavit showing that he 

could have been found with due and diligent inquiry. “A defendant challenging service by 

publication must file a counteraffidavit stating that he could have been found upon due inquiry.” 

American Chartered Bank v. USMDS, Inc., 2013 IL App (3d) 120397, ¶ 19. See, generally, King

311 Ill. App. 3d at 1056-57. See also People ex rel. Waller v. Harrison, 348 Ill. App. 3d 976, 981-

82 (noting that “courts require a defendant challenging service [under section 2-206] to file a 

counteraffidavit stating that upon reasonable inquiry he or she could have been found”). Even on 

appeal, defendant does not suggest that he could have been found when Nationstar attempted to 

locate him, and his whereabouts during this period remain a mystery. 
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¶ 26 We also note that, while defendant criticizes Nationstar’s “mere two attempts at personal 

service,” his argument omits critical facts of both instances. First, it overlooks the fact that the 

process server was unsuccessful in serving defendant at the property, which was the subject of the 

underlying foreclosure proceeding, because the property was vacant. Specifically, the process 

server averred that the property was vacant, that a realtor lock box associated with the property 

was in the lobby of the building, and there was a note wedged into the door frame demonstrating 

that a U.S. Census worker was also unsuccessful in reaching any occupant of the property. After

searching various public databases, Nationstar next attempted to serve defendant at the Du Page 

County jail, as this was the address listed on defendant’s motor vehicle registration. This attempt 

was also unsuccessful, and the process server confirmed with the sheriff’s office that defendant 

was released some three months prior. In both instances, nothing suggested that defendant resided 

at either location or that he would ever return, such that further service attempts could be 

successful. As this court has previously observed, diligence depends on the facts of each specific 

case and not on “the sheer number of attempts at service.” Harrison, 348 Ill. App. 3d at 981. 

Indeed, “the statute does not require futile attempts to serve a defendant at an address where he 

does not live or at an address that does not exist.” Id. We agree with Wells Fargo that, under these 

circumstances, Nationstar was not required to continue to engage in futile efforts to serve 

defendant at either location when nothing suggested that he could ever again be found there. See 

Neighborhood Lending Services Inc., v. Griffin, 2018 IL App 162855, ¶ 23 (rejecting a challenge 

to service by publication where the defendant offered no authority “requiring a process server to 

repeatedly engage in knowingly futile visits before attempting a different method of service”).

¶ 27 In addition to Nationstar’s documented attempts to serve defendant personally, the 

publication affidavit detailed its efforts to ascertain any viable addresses at which defendant could 
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be found. Specifically, it ordered and reviewed defendant’s credit report, reviewed its foreclosure 

information package, reviewed the deed vesting defendant with title to the property, searched court 

records for a pending probate case, ordered and reviewed a property inspection report to determine 

whether the property was occupied, and reviewed numerous public databases, including databases 

housing death records, telephone listings, social security numbers, and vehicle registrations. These 

searches yielded just two addresses—the property itself, which was vacant, and an address 

associated with the Du Page County jail, from which defendant was released several months 

earlier. Nationstar was likewise unable to find any telephone listing for defendant. The statutory 

prerequisites for publication service “require[] an honest and well-directed effort to ascertain the 

whereabouts of a defendant by an inquiry as full as circumstances can permit.” (Emphasis added.) 

Bank of New York, 369 Ill. App. 3d at 476. Nationstar exhausted its leads and, in doing so, it 

demonstrated an honest and well-directed effort to ascertain defendant’s place of residence or 

general whereabouts by inquiry as full as the circumstances allowed. Defendant’s failure to 

suggest (either in a counteraffidavit appended to his petition or on appeal) any additional inquiry 

Nationstar could have made to locate him underscores this conclusion. As such, Nationstar 

exercised the requisite due inquiry to locate defendant and due diligence to ascertain his place of 

residence under section 2-206(a) prior to moving to serve him by publication. 

¶ 28 Defendant next arguesthat Nationstar did not strictly comply with section 2-206(a) because 

the length of time between Nationstar’s attempts to locate him and its filing of the publication 

affidavit was too great, such that the publication affidavit was defective on its face. He stresses 

that Nationstar’s efforts to locate him began on April 22, 2010 (when it reviewed defendant’s credit 

report in search of a viable address), but the publication affidavit was not filed until 57 days later, 

on June 18, 2010. He similarly notes that there was a delay of 44 days between Nationstar’s May 
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5, 2010, review of the property inspection report and the filing of the publication affidavit. We 

observe that, in his section 2-1401 petition, he asserted that the “actions described in the 

[publication] affidavit occurred about two months before the affidavit was filed.” In his view, the 

delay reinforces “the apparent laxity of Nationstar’s supposed service efforts.” Defendant relies 

on a single line from Karbowski, 2014 IL App (1st) 130112, ¶ 18, where the appellate court 

observed that “[c]ommon sense dictates *** that an affidavit that recites efforts to locate a party 

occurring a substantial period of time prior to the filing of the motion to serve by publication may 

not be sufficient to establish the due diligence required.” 

¶ 29 Defendant’s argument is without merit. In Karbowski, 2014 IL App (1st) 130112, ¶ 21, 

the court held that a 50-day delay between the mortgagee’s execution of the affidavit in support of 

its motion to serve by publication and the eventual filing of the motion to allow publication was 

too lengthy such that it was defective on its face and precluded the mortgagee from establishing 

due diligence. The holding was premised, in large part, on the fact that the publication affidavit 

recited efforts to serve the mortgagor purportedly made after the affidavit was executed and 

notarized. Id. ¶ 23. Specifically, the bank filed an affidavit for service by publication that detailed 

efforts to locate and serve the mortgagor between July and late October 2009, despite the fact that 

the affidavit stated it was executed on September 14, 2009. Id. ¶¶ 3-4. Under those circumstances, 

the court was reluctant to “rely on the substance of an affidavit that is at odds with the notary’s 

seal,” and it “had no way of knowing the correct date the affidavit was executed and notarized.” 

Id. ¶ 23.

¶ 30 In contrast, here, the delay between Nationstar’s execution of the publication affidavit and 

its filing with the clerk was just one day because it executed the publication affidavit on June 17 

and filed it on June 18, 2010. Further, no incongruity appears on the face of the publication 
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affidavit, unlike in Karbowski. The publication affidavit detailed Nationstar’s search for defendant 

and its attempts to serve him, all of which occurred between April 22, 2010, and May 27, 2010. 

Moreover, defendant’s use of Nationstar’s earliest efforts to locate him as the starting point in 

calculating the length of the “delay” in filing the affidavit is misguided. If this argument were

accepted, it would encourage plaintiffs to engage in as brief a search as possible for a defendant 

before filing a motion seeking service by publication to avoid the appearance of any “delay.” 

¶ 31 Measured from the last date included in the publication affidavit, May 27, 2010 (when 

Nationstar searched various databases as averred in the locate affidavit), the “delay” between

Nationstar’s efforts to locate defendant and Nationstar’s filing of the publication affidavit is 22 

days. Notably, the court in Karbowski did not define what constitutes a “substantial period of 

time,” and it observed that section 2-206 specifies no time limit applicable “for determining

whether a plaintiff’s efforts to locate a defendant are sufficient to warrant service by publication.” 

Id. ¶ 18. Rather, it acknowledged that the question of reasonableness necessarily depends upon 

the facts and circumstances of each case. Id. ¶ 20 (citing Campbell v. McCahan, 41 Ill. 45 (1866)).

¶ 32 Here, defendant abandoned the premises, Nationstar could find no viable alternate address, 

and defendant failed to file a counteraffidavit attesting to how he could have been found. Although 

Nationstar certainly could have filed the publication affidavit closer in time to when it exhausted 

its leads in searching for defendant, this time span is not “a substantial period of time” as 

contemplated in Karbowski, and it was reasonable under the circumstances. See In re Marriage 

of Wilson, 150 Ill. App. 3d 885, 889-90 (holding that a 23-month delay between the execution of 

the affidavit and service by publication was unreasonable). 

¶ 33 Defendant’s final argument on appeal is that section 2-206(a) was not strictly complied 

with because “[t]he record does not contain the required clerk’s certificate of mailing” stating that 
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it mailed him a copy of the publication notice. His sole contention on this issue appears to be the 

absence of a certificate of mailing in the record and, indeed, he identifies it as “a statutorily 

mandated document.” 

¶ 34 In Sedys, the mortgagee filed a foreclosure complaint and an affidavit for service by 

publication. Sedys, 2019 IL App (2d) 180188. ¶ 4. The affidavit identified the mortgagor’s place 

of residence but stated the mortgagee was unable to serve him after several unsuccessful attempts. 

Id. The mortgagee provided the clerk with a notice of the proceeding for publication in a 

newspaper, but the record did not contain a certificate from the clerk that it mailed the published 

notice to the mortgagor at the address listed in the affidavit. Id. After the mortgagor failed to 

appear, the circuit court found that it had personal jurisdiction and defaulted the mortgagor. Id. ¶ 

5. Years later, just as in the instant case, the mortgagor filed a petition under section 2-1401 of the 

Code, asserting that the default foreclosure judgment and all subsequent orders were void (id. ¶ 6), 

but the circuit court dismissed the petition (id. ¶ 13). On appeal, the mortgagor argued that the 

lack of a certificate in the record was sufficient grounds for reversal (id. ¶ 16), but we expressly 

rejected this argument and held that “[t]he absence of a clerk’s certificate from the record in a case 

does not, of itself, show a failure to comply with the mailing requirement of section 2-206(a)” (id. 

¶ 37). Relying on familiar principles of statutory interpretation, we construed the language of 

section 2-206(a), which provided that “[t]he certificate of the clerk that he or she has sent the copy 

[of the published notice] in pursuance of this Section is evidence that he or she has done so,” as 

identifying but one form of acceptable evidence that the clerk mailed a copy of the published 

notice. As such, we concluded that “[a] certificate from the clerk is not the only acceptable proof 

of mailing under section 2-206(a)[,] but [rather,] such proof may take the form of other 

documentary evidence and also testimony.” Id. ¶ 37. 
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¶ 35 Here, as noted by both Nationstar and Wells Fargo, defendant’s argument focuses on the 

absence from the record of a certificate from the clerk stating that it mailed the publication notice 

to him. We rejected the identical argument in Sedys, which defendant failed to cite in his appellate

brief. We again reject the argument, here. To the extent that defendant perhaps could have, but 

did not, argue that Nationstar did not make an affirmative showing that the clerk mailed the 

publication notice, the argument is forfeited. See Ill. S. Ct. R. 341(h)(7) (eff. May 25, 2018) 

(requiring that an appellant’s brief contain “argument, which shall contain the contentions of the 

appellant and the reasons therefor, with citation of the authorities and the pages of the record relied 

on,” and stating that “[p]oints not argued are forfeited”). “An issue that is merely listed or included 

in a vague allegation of error is not “argued” for purposes of Rule 341(h)(7). Vancura v. Katris, 

238 Ill. 2d 352, 370 (2010). 

¶ 36 In any event, it is unclear whether the clerk is required to mail a copy of the publication 

notice to a defendant whose place of residence is unknown, as was the case here. In order to 

effectuate service by publication, section 2-206(a) requires the plaintiff to file “an affidavit 

showing that the defendant resides or has gone out of this State, or on due inquiry cannot be found, 

or is concealed within this State, so that process cannot be served upon him or her, and stating the 

place of residence of the defendant, if known, or that upon diligent inquiry his or her place of 

residence cannot be ascertained. (Emphasis added.) 735 ILCS 5/2-206(a) (West 2018). This 

language appears to require a plaintiff to state the “place of residence of the defendant” in the 

affidavit only “if known.” Here, Nationstar averred that defendant, “on due inquiry[,] cannot be 

found so that service cannot be served upon [him]” and that defendant’s “address[,] upon diligent 

inquiry[,] cannot be ascertained.” Although the affidavit included the address of the property, 
2021 IL App (2d) 190490-U 

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Nationstar identified it as defendant’s “last known address” because the property was vacant. In 

effect, Nationstar averred that defendant’s “place of residence” was not known. 

¶ 37 Pertaining to the clerk’s mailing obligations, section 2-206(a) requires the clerk to, “within 

10 days of the first publication of the notice, send a copy thereof by mail, addressed to each 

defendant whose place of residence is stated in such affidavit.” (Emphasis added.) Id. We note 

that the affidavits at issue in Thormeyer, 83 Ill. at 190, and Sedys, 2019 IL App (2d) 180188, ¶ 4,

both identified the defendant’s “place of residence.” Here, because the publication affidavit did 

not state defendant’s “place of residence” explicitly because it could not be ascertained after due 

diligence, and defendant also could not be found after due inquiry, it is arguable that the clerk’s 

mailing obligation under 2-206(a) was simply not triggered. See People v. National Builders Bank 

of Chicago, 10 Ill. 2d 121 (1956) (“the act refers only to a defendant’s present place of residence 

and makes no mention of his last known address”); and Schuster v. Elsner, 250 Ill. App. 192, 202 

(1928) (clerk not required “to send a copy of the publication notice to nonresident defendants, the 

place of whose residence is unknown. Such copy is required to be sent only when the residence is 

known and stated in the affidavit. Hence[,] it is immaterial in this case whether the clerk sent any 

copy of the notice or not”). We again note that defendant filed no counteraffidavit demonstrating 

that he could have been found on due inquiry, and he offers no suggestion as to where the clerk 

was required to mail the publication notice if, in fact, it was statutorily required to do so. We leave 

this issue for another day, however, because it is neither necessary for the resolution of this matter, 

nor was it adequately briefed by the parties on appeal. 

¶ 38 III. CONCLUSION

¶ 39 For the reasons stated, we affirm the judgment of the circuit court of Du Page County. 

¶ 40 Affirmed.