# Patent

## Title
Shaft for golf clubs

## Abstract

A shaft 6 includes a plurality of fiber reinforced resin layers s1 to s10. The plurality of layers include a first straight layer s1 in which a 0°-compression strength is the minimum and a second straight layer s9 in which a 0°-compression strength is the maximum. A specific tip part Tx which is a region between a tip end Tp and a position separated by 100 mm from the tip end Tp satisfies the following (a) to (c):

    
    
        (a) the first straight layer forms a innermost layer;
        (b) the second straight layer is arranged outside a central position in a thickness direction; and
        (c) when a 0°-compression strength of the first straight layer is defined as Cmin and a 0°-compression strength of the second straight layer is defined as Cmax, a difference (Cmax−Cmin) is equal to or greater than 550 MPa.

## Background
The present application claims priority on Patent Application No. 2013-206952 filed in JAPAN on Oct. 2, 2013, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a shaft for golf clubs.
2. Description of the Related Art
A so-called carbon shaft has been known as a shaft for golf clubs. A sheetwinding method has been known as a method for manufacturing the carbon shaft.
A prepreg includes a matrix resin and a fiber. Many types of prepregs exist. A plurality of prepregs having different resin contents have been known. In the present application, the prepreg is also referred to as a prepreg sheet or a sheet.
In the sheetwinding method, the type of a sheet, the disposal of the sheet, and the orientation of a fiber can be selected. A laminated constitution is designed corresponding to desired characteristics of a shaft.
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-282398 discloses a tubular body in which a 0°-compression strength σ and in-plane shear strength SI of a bias layer, and a tensile elastic modulus E of a reinforcing fiber in the bias layer satisfy three predetermined formulae.
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-103519 discloses a prepreg sheet in which a tensile elastic modulus E of a reinforcing fiber and a 6°-compression strength σ of a fiber reinforced composite material satisfy two predetermined formulae. The gazette discloses that the prepreg sheet is used for a bias layer.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
A head is attached to a tip part of a shaft. Therefore, high strength is required for the tip part of the shaft. Meanwhile, the amount of a prepreg to be used is restricted in a lightweight shaft. A prepreg is apt to be concentrated on a tip side in a lightweight shaft having a reinforced tip part. In this case, the center of gravity of the shaft is apt to approach the tip. In the lightweight shaft, a degree of design freedom is restricted. It is difficult to achieve both a degree of freedom of the position of the center of gravity and weight saving.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a golf club shaft having a high degree of freedom of a position of a center of gravity and enabling weight saving.
A preferable shaft includes a plurality of fiber reinforced resin layers. The plurality of layers include: a first straight layer including a first reinforcing fiber, wherein a 0°-compression strength is the minimum; and a second straight layer including a second reinforcing fiber, wherein a 0°-compression strength is the maximum. A position separated by 100 mm from a tip end is defined as P1, and a region between the position P1 and the tip end is defined as a specific tip part. The specific tip part satisfies the following (a), (b), and (c):
(a) the first straight layer forms an innermost layer;
(b) the second straight layer is disposed outside a central position in a thickness direction; and
(c) if a 0°-compression strength of the first straight layer is defined as Cmin and a 0°-compression strength of the second straight layer is defined as Cmax, a difference (Cmax−Cmin) is equal to or greater than 550 MPa.
Preferably, the first reinforcing fiber has a tensile elastic modulus equal to or less than 15 t/mm2.
Preferably, the first straight layer has 0°-tensile breakage strain equal to or greater than 3%.
Preferably, the first reinforcing fiber is a glass fiber.
Preferably, the shaft has a weight equal to or less than 50 g.
A full length of the shaft is defined as Ls, and a distance between the tip end and a center of gravity of the shaft is defined as Lg. Preferably, Lg/Ls is equal to or greater than 0.50.
A preferable golf club includes a head, a shaft, and a grip. The shaft includes a plurality of fiber reinforced resin layers. The plurality of layers include: a first straight layer including a first reinforcing fiber, wherein a 0°-compression strength is the minimum; and a second straight layer including a second reinforcing fiber, wherein a 0°-compression strength is the maximum. A position separated by 100 mm from a tip end is defined as P1, and a region between the position P1 and the tip end is defined as a specific tip part. The specific tip part satisfies the following (a), (b), and (c):
(a) the first straight layer forms an innermost layer;
(b) the second straight layer is disposed outside a central position in a thickness direction; and
(c) if a 0°-compression strength of the first straight layer is defined as Cmin and a 0°-compression strength of the second straight layer is defined as Cmax, a difference (Cmax−Cmin) is equal to or greater than 550 MPa.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 shows a golf club including a shaft according to an embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a developed view of the shaft of the embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a side view and cross-sectional view of the shaft of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing a method for measuring a three-point flexural strength;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing a method for measuring an impact-absorbing energy; and
FIG. 6 is a graph showing an example of a wave profile obtained when the impact-absorbing energy is measured.



DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The present invention will be described later in detail based on preferred embodiments with appropriate reference to the drawings.
In the present application, an “axial direction” means an axial direction of a shaft. In the present application, a “radial direction” means a radial direction of the shaft.
FIG. 1 shows a golf club 2 according to one embodiment of the present invention. The golf club 2 includes a head 4, a shaft 6, and a grip 8. The head 4 is attached to a tip part of the shaft 6. The grip 8 is attached to a back end part of the shaft 6. The head 4 has a hollow structure. The head 4 is a wood type head. The golf club 2 is a driver (No. 1 wood).
The embodiment is effective in an improvement in flight distance performance. In respect of a flight distance, a club length is preferably equal to or greater than 43 inch. In respect of the flight distance, a preferable head 4 is a wood type golf club head. Preferably, the golf club 2 is a wood type golf club.
The shaft 6 includes a laminate of fiber reinforced resin layers. The shaft 6 is a tubular body. The shaft 6 has a hollow structure. As shown in FIG. 1, the shaft 6 has a tip end Tp and a butt end Bt. The tip end Tp is positioned in the head 4. The butt end Bt is positioned in the grip 8.
The tip part of the shaft 6 is inserted into a hosel hole of the head 4. The axial direction length of a portion of the shaft 6 inserted into the hosel hole is usually 25 mm or greater and 70 mm or less.
A shaft length is shown by a double-pointed arrow Ls in FIG. 1. The shaft length Ls is an axial direction distance between the tip end Tp and the butt end Bt. An axial direction distance between the tip end Tp and a center of gravity G of the shaft is shown by a double-pointed arrow Lg in FIG. 1. The center of gravity G of the shaft is a center of gravity of the simple shaft 6. The center of gravity G is positioned on an axis line of the shaft. A club length is shown by a double-pointed arrow L1 in FIG. 1. A method for measuring the club length L1 will be described later.
The shaft 6 is a so-called carbon shaft. The shaft 6 is preferably produced by curing a prepreg sheet. In the prepreg sheet, fibers are oriented substantially in one direction. Thus, the prepreg in which the fibers are oriented substantially in one direction is also referred to as a UD prepreg. The term “UD” stands for uni-direction. Prepregs which are not the UD prepreg may be used. For example, fibers contained in the prepreg sheet may be woven.
The prepreg sheet has a fiber and a resin. The resin is also referred to as a matrix resin. The fiber is typically a carbon fiber. Another examples of the fiber include a glass fiber. The matrix resin is typically a thermosetting resin.
The shaft 6 is manufactured by a so-called sheetwinding method. In the prepreg, the matrix resin is in a semicured state. The shaft 6 is obtained by winding and curing the prepreg sheet.
In addition to an epoxy resin, a thermosetting resin other than the epoxy resin and a thermoplastic resin or the like may also be used as the matrix resin of the prepreg sheet. In respect of the strength of the shaft, the matrix resin is preferably the epoxy resin.
FIG. 2 is a developed view (sheet constitution view) of the prepreg sheets constituting the shaft 6. The shaft 6 includes a plurality of sheets. The shaft 6 includes ten sheets of a first sheet s1 to a tenth sheet s10. The developed view shown in FIG. 2 shows the sheets constituting the shaft in order from the radial inner side of the shaft. These sheets are wound in order from the sheet positioned on the uppermost side in the developed view. In FIG. 2, the horizontal direction of the figure coincides with the axial direction of the shaft. In FIG. 2, the right side of the figure is the tip end Tp side of the shaft. In FIG. 2, the left side of the figure is the butt end Bt side of the shaft.
A point separated by 100 mm in the axial direction from the tip end Tp is shown by symbol P1 in FIGS. 1 and 2. In the present application, a region between the tip end Tp and the point P1 is also referred to as a specific tip part Tx.
The shaft 6 has a taper. The outer diameter of the shaft 6 is varied depending on the axial position, and the minimum at the tip end Tp. In respect of the conformity with the hosel hole of the head, the outer diameter of the specific tip part Tx is usually equal to or less than 10 mm. In many iron type clubs, the outer diameter of the specific tip part Tx is equal to or less than 9.4 mm. In many wood type clubs, the outer diameter of the specific tip part Tx is equal to or less than 9.0 mm, and preferably equal to or less than 8.5 mm.
The developed view shows not only the winding order of the sheets but also the disposal of each of the sheets in the axial direction of the shaft. For example, in FIG. 2, ends of the sheets s1, s9, and s10 are positioned at the tip end Tp of the shaft. For example, in FIG. 2, the ends of the sheets s4 and s5 are positioned at the butt end Bt of the shaft.
The term “layer” and the term “sheet” are used in the present application. The “layer” is termed after being wound. Meanwhile, the “sheet” is termed before being wound. The “layer” is formed by winding the “sheet”. That is, the wound “sheet” forms the “layer”. In the present application, the same symbol is used in the layer and the sheet. For example, a layer formed by a sheet s1 is a layer s1.
The shaft 6 includes a straight layer, a bias layer, and a hoop layer. An orientation angle Af of the fiber is described for each of the sheets in the developed view of the present application. The orientation angle Af is an angle to the axial direction the shaft.
A sheet described as “0 degree” constitutes the straight layer. The sheet for the straight layer is also referred to as a straight sheet in the present application.
The straight layer is a layer in which the orientation of the fiber is substantially 0 degree to the axial direction of the shaft. The orientation of the fiber may not be completely set to 0 degree to the axial direction of the shaft due to an error or the like in winding. Usually, in the straight layer, the absolute angle θa is equal to or less than 10 degrees.
The absolute angle θa is the absolute value of the orientation angle Af. For example, “the absolute angle θa is equal to or less than 10 degrees” means that “the angle Af is −10 degrees or greater and +10 degrees or less”.
In the embodiment of FIG. 2, the straight sheets are the sheet s1, the sheet s4, the sheet s5, the sheet s6, the sheet s8, the sheet s9, and the sheet s10.
The bias layer is highly correlated with the torsional rigidity and torsional strength of the shaft. Preferably, a bias sheet includes a two-sheet pair in which orientation angles of fibers are inclined in opposite directions. In respect of the torsional rigidity, the absolute angle θa of the bias layer is preferably equal to or greater than 15 degrees, more preferably equal to or greater than 25 degrees, and still more preferably equal to or greater than 40 degrees. In respects of the torsional rigidity and flexural rigidity, the absolute angle θa of the bias layer is preferably equal to or less than 60 degrees, and more preferably equal to or less than 50 degrees.
In the shaft 6, the sheets constituting the bias layer are the second sheet s2 and the third sheet s3. As described above, in FIG. 2, the angle Af is described in each sheet. The plus (+) and minus (−) in the angle Af show that the fibers of the bias sheets are inclined in opposite directions. In the present application, the sheet for the bias layer is also merely referred to as a bias sheet. The sheet pair is constituted by the sheets s2 and s3. The sheet pair constitutes a united sheet to be described later.
In FIG. 2, the inclination direction of the fiber of the sheet s3 is equal to the inclination direction of the fiber of the sheet s2. However, as described later, the sheet s3 is reversed, and applied on the sheet s2. As a result, the direction of the angle Af of the sheet s2 and the direction of the angle Af of the sheet s3 are opposite to each other.
In the embodiment of FIG. 2, the angle of the sheet s2 is −45 degrees and the angle of the sheet s3 is +45 degrees. However, conversely, it should be appreciated that the angle of the sheet s2 may be +45 degrees and the angle of the sheet s3 may be −45 degrees.
In the shaft 6, the sheet constituting the hoop layer is the seventh sheet s7. Preferably, the absolute angle θa in the hoop layer is substantially 90 degrees to the axis line of the shaft. However, the orientation direction of the fiber to the axial direction of the shaft may not be completely set to 90 degrees due to an error or the like in winding. Usually, in the hoop layer, the absolute angle θa is 80 degrees or greater and 90 degrees or less. In the present application, the prepreg sheet for the hoop layer is also referred to as a hoop sheet.
The number of the layers to be formed from one sheet is not limited. For example, if the number of plies of the sheet is 1, the sheet is wound by one round in a circumferential direction. If the number of plies of the sheet is 1, the sheet forms one layer at all positions in the circumferential direction of the shaft.
For example, if the number of plies of the sheet is 2, the sheet is wound by two rounds in the circumferential direction. If the number of plies of the sheet is 2, the sheet forms two layers at the all positions in the circumferential direction of the shaft.
For example, if the number of plies of the sheet is 1.5, the sheet is wound by 1.5 rounds in the circumferential direction. If the number of plies of the sheet is 1.5, the sheet forms two layers at the circumferential position of 0 to 180 degrees, and forms one layer at the circumferential position of 180 degrees to 360 degrees.
In respect of suppressing winding fault such as wrinkles, a sheet having a too large width is not preferable. In this respect, the number of plies of one bias sheet is preferably equal to or less than 4, and more preferably equal to or less than 3. In respect of the working efficiency of the winding process, the number of plies of the bias sheet is preferably equal to or greater than 1.
In respect of suppressing winding fault such as wrinkles, a sheet having a too large width is not preferable. In this respect, the number of plies of one straight sheet is preferably equal to or less than 4, more preferably equal to or less than 3, and still more preferably equal to or less than 2. In respect of the working efficiency of the winding process, the number of plies of the straight sheet is preferably equal to or greater than 1. The number of plies may be 1 in all the straight sheets.
In a full length sheet, winding fault is apt to be generated. In respect of suppressing the winding fault, the number of plies of one sheet in all full length straight sheets is preferably equal to or less than 2. The number of plies may be 1 in all the full length straight sheets.
In respect of suppressing winding fault such as wrinkles, a sheet having a too large width is not preferable. In this respect, the number of plies of the hoop sheet is preferably equal to or less than 4, more preferably equal to or less than 3, and still more preferably equal to or less than 2. In respect of the working efficiency of the winding process, the number of plies of one hoop sheet is preferably equal to or greater than 1. The number of plies may be equal to or less than 2 in all the hoop sheets.
Since the full length sheet is long in the axial direction, winding fault is apt to be generated in the full length sheet. In respect of suppressing the winding fault, the number of plies of one sheet in all full length hoop sheets is preferably equal to or less than 2. The number of plies may be 1 in all the full length hoop sheets.
Although not shown in the drawings, the prepreg sheet before being used is sandwiched between cover sheets. The cover sheets are usually a mold release paper and a resin film. That is, the prepreg sheet before being used is sandwiched between the mold release paper and the resin film. The mold release paper is applied on one surface of the prepreg sheet, and the resin film is applied on the other surface of the prepreg sheet. Hereinafter, the surface on which the mold release paper is applied is also referred to as “a surface of a mold release paper side”, and the surface on which the resin film is applied is also referred to as “a surface of a film side”.
In the developed view of the present application, the surface of the film side is the front side. That is, in FIG. 2, the front side of the figure is the surface of the film side, and the back side of the figure is the surface of the mold release paper side. In FIG. 2, the direction of a line showing the direction of the fiber of the sheet s2 is the same as the direction of a line showing the direction of the fiber of the sheet s3. However, in the case of the stacking to be described later, the sheet s3 is reversed. As a result, the directions of the fibers of the sheets s2 and s3 are opposite to each other. Therefore, the directions of the of the sheets s2 and s3 are opposite to each other. In light of this point, in FIG. 2, the direction of the fiber of the sheet s2 is described as “−45 degrees”, and the direction of the fiber of the sheet s3 is described as “+45 degrees”.
In order to wind the prepreg sheet, the resin film is first peeled. The surface of the film side is exposed by peeling the resin film. The exposed surface has tacking property (tackiness). The tacking property is caused by the matrix resin. That is, since the matrix resin is in a semicured state, the tackiness is developed. The edge part of the exposed surface of the film side is also referred to as a winding start edge part. Next, the winding start edge part is applied to a wound object. The winding start edge part can be smoothly applied due to the tackiness of the matrix resin. The wound object is a mandrel or a wound article obtained by winding the other prepreg sheet around the mandrel. Next, the mold release paper is peeled. Next, the wound object is rotated to wind the prepreg sheet around the wound object. Thus, the resin film is previously peeled. Next, the winding start edge part is applied to the wound object, and the mold release paper is then peeled. That is, the resin film is previously peeled, and then, the winding start edge part is applied to the wound object, after that, the mold release paper is peeled. The procedure suppresses wrinkles and winding fault of the sheet. This is because the sheet to which the mold release paper is applied is supported by the mold release paper, and is less likely to cause wrinkles. The mold release paper has flexural rigidity higher than the flexural rigidity of the resin film.
In the embodiment of FIG. 2, a united sheet is formed. The united sheet is formed by stacking two or more sheets.
In the embodiment of FIG. 2, two united sheets are formed. A first united sheet is formed by stacking the sheet s3 on the sheet s2. A second united sheet is formed by stacking the sheet s7 on the sheet s8. The hoop sheet s7 is wound in a state of the united sheet. The winding fault of the hoop sheet is suppressed by the winding method. Examples of the winding fault include the splitting of the sheet, the error of the angle Af, and wrinkles.
As described above, in the present application, the sheet and the layer are classified by the orientation angle of the fiber. Furthermore, in the present application, the sheet and the layer are classified by the axial direction length of the shaft.
In the present application, a layer substantially wholly disposed in the axial direction of the shaft is referred to as a full length layer. In the present application, a sheet substantially wholly disposed in the axial direction of the shaft is referred to as a full length sheet. The wound full length sheet forms the full length layer.
A point separated by 20 mm in the axial direction from the tip end Tp is defined as Tp1, and a region between the tip end Tp and the point Tp1 is defined as a first region. A point separated by 100 mm in the axial direction from the butt end Bt is defined as Bt1, and a region between the butt end Bt and the point Bt1 is defined as a second region. The first region and the second region have a limited influence on the performance of the shaft. In this respect, the full length sheet may not exist in the first region and the second region. Preferably, the full length sheet extends from the tip end Tp to the butt end Bt. In other words, the full length sheet is preferably wholly disposed in the axial direction of the shaft.
In the present application, a layer partially disposed in the axial direction of the shaft is referred to as a partial layer. In the present application, a sheet partially disposed in the axial direction of the shaft is referred to as a partial sheet. The wound partial sheet forms partial layer. Preferably, the axial direction length of the partial sheet is equal to or less than half the full length of the shaft.
In the present application, the full length layer which is the straight layer is referred to as a full length straight layer. In the embodiment of FIG. 2, the full length straight layers are a layer s6 and a layer s8. The full length straight sheets are the sheet s6 and the sheet s8.
In the present application, the full length layer which is the hoop layer is referred to as a full length hoop layer. In the embodiment of FIG. 2, the full length hoop layer is a layer s7. The full length hoop sheet is the sheet s7.
In the present application, the partial layer which is the straight layer is referred to a partial straight layer. In the embodiment of FIG. 2, the partial straight layers are a layer s1, a layer s4, a layer s5, a layer s9, and a layer s10. Partial straight sheets are the sheet s1, the sheet s4, the sheet s5, the sheet s9, and the sheet s10.
In the present application, the partial layer which is the hoop layer is referred to as a partial hoop layer. The partial hoop layer may be used. The embodiment of FIG. 2 does not have the partial hoop layer.
The term “butt partial layer” is used in the present application. Examples of the butt partial layer include a butt partial straight layer and a butt partial hoop layer. In the embodiment of FIG. 2, the butt partial straight layers are the layer s4 and the layer s5. Butt partial straight sheets are the sheet s4 and the sheet s5. In the embodiment of FIG. 2, the butt partial hoop layer is not provided. The butt partial layer can contribute to the adjustment of a ratio (Lg/Ls). The butt partial layer is formed by a butt partial sheet. The ratio (Lg/Ls) is also referred to as a ratio of a center of gravity of the shaft.
An axial direction length of the butt partial sheet is shown by a double-pointed arrow B1 in FIG. 2. In respect of improving the ratio of the center of gravity of the shaft, a too large length B1 is not preferable, and a too small length B1 is not preferable. In respect of the ratio of the center of gravity of the shaft, the length B1 is preferably equal to or greater than 200 mm, and more preferably equal to or greater than 250 mm. In respect of the ratio of the center of gravity of the shaft, the length B1 is preferably equal to or less than 450 mm, more preferably equal to or less than 400 mm, and still more preferably equal to or less than 350 mm.
An axial direction distance between a butt end of the butt partial layer (butt partial sheet) and the butt end Bt of the shaft is shown by a double-pointed arrow Db in FIG. 2. The axial direction distance Db is preferably equal to or less than 100 mm, more preferably equal to or less than 50 mm, and still more preferably 0 mm. In the embodiment, the axial direction distance Db is 0 mm.
The term “tip partial layer” is used in the present application. An axial direction distance between a tip end of the tip partial layer (tip partial sheet) and the tip end Tp of the shaft is shown by a double-pointed arrow Dt in FIG. 2. The axial direction distance Dt is preferably equal to or less than 40 mm, more preferably equal to or less than 30 mm, still more preferably equal to or less than 20 mm, and yet still more preferably 0 mm. In the embodiment, the axial direction distance Dt is 0 mm. The tip partial layer is formed by the tip partial sheet. In the embodiment of FIG. 2, the tip partial layers are the layer s1, the layer s9, and the layer s10. The tip partial layer can contribute to the adjustment of the ratio (Lg/Ls).
Examples of the tip partial layer include a tip partial straight layer. In the embodiment of FIG. 2, the tip partial straight layers are the layer s1, the layer s9, and the layer s10. The tip partial straight layer enhances the strength of a tip portion of the shaft 6.
The shaft 6 is produced by the sheetwinding method using the sheets shown in FIG. 2.
Hereinafter, a manufacturing process of the shaft 6 will be schematically described.
[Outline of Manufacturing Process of Shaft]
(1) Cutting Process
The prepreg sheet is cut into a desired shape in the cutting process. Each of the sheets shown in FIG. 2 is cut out by the process.
The cutting may be performed by a cutting machine, or may be manually performed. In the manual case, for example, a cutter knife is used.
(2) Stacking Process
In the stacking process, the two united sheets described above are produced.
In the stacking process, heating or a press may be used. More preferably, the heating and the press are used in combination. In a winding process to be described later, the deviation of the sheet may be generated during the winding operation of the united sheet. The deviation reduces winding accuracy. The heating and the press improve an adhesive force between the sheets. The heating and the press suppress the deviation between the sheets in the winding process.
(3) Winding Process
A mandrel is prepared in the winding process. A typical mandrel is made of a metal. A mold release agent is applied to the mandrel. Furthermore, a resin having tackiness is applied to the mandrel. The resin is also referred to as a tacking resin. The cut sheet is wound around the mandrel. The tacking resin facilitates the application of the end part of the sheet to the mandrel.
The sheets are wound in order from the sheet positioned on the uppermost side in the developed view of FIG. 2. The sheets to be stacked are wound in a state of the united sheet.
A winding body is obtained in the winding process. The winding body is obtained by winding the prepreg sheet around the outside of the mandrel. For example, the winding is achieved by rolling the wound object on a plane. The winding may be performed by a manual operation or a machine. The machine is referred to as a rolling machine.
(4) Tape Wrapping Process
A tape is wrapped around the outer peripheral surface of the winding body in the tape wrapping process. The tape is also referred to as a wrapping tape. The tape is wrapped while tension is applied to the tape. A pressure is applied to the winding body by the wrapping tape. The pressure reduces voids.
(5) Curing Process
In the curing process, the winding body after performing the tape wrapping is heated. The heating cures the matrix resin. In the curing process, the matrix resin fluidizes temporarily. The fluidization of the matrix resin can discharge air between the sheets or in the sheet. The pressure (fastening force) of the wrapping tape accelerates the discharge of the air. The curing provides a cured laminate.
(6) Process of Extracting Mandrel and Process of Removing Wrapping Tape
The process of extracting the mandrel and the process of removing the wrapping tape are performed after the curing process. The order of the both processes is not limited. However, the process of removing the wrapping tape is preferably performed after the process of extracting the mandrel in respect of improving the efficiency of the process of removing the wrapping tape.
(7) Process of Cutting Both Ends
Both the end parts of the cured laminate are cut in the process. The cutting flattens the end face of the tip end Tp and the end face of the butt end Bt.
In order to facilitate the understanding, in all the developed views of the present application, the sheets after both the ends are cut are shown. In fact, the cutting of both the ends is considered in the setting of the size of each of the sheets. That is, in fact, both end portions to be cut are respectively added to both the end parts of each of the sheets.
(8) Polishing Process
The surface of the cured laminate is polished in the process. Spiral unevenness left behind as the trace of the wrapping tape exists on the surface of the cured laminate. The polishing extinguishes the unevenness as the trace of the wrapping tape to flatten the surface of the cured laminate. Preferably, whole polishing and tip partial polishing are conducted in the polishing process.
(9) Coating Process
The cured laminate after the polishing process is subjected to coating.
The shaft 6 is obtained in the processes. The shaft 6 is lightweight, and has excellent strength. In the shaft 6, a ratio (Lg/Ls) of a center of gravity of the shaft is large. If the ratio of the center of gravity of the shaft is large, easiness of swing can be increased. Therefore, even if a swing balance is large, a head speed can be improved. Both the increase of the head weight and the head speed can be achieved by increasing the ratio of the center of gravity of the shaft.
In respect of the increase of the ratio of the center of gravity of the shaft, the total weight of the butt partial layer is preferably equal to or greater than 5% by weight based on the weight of the shaft, and more preferably equal to or greater than 10% by weight. In respect of suppressing a rigid feeling, the total weight of the butt partial layer is preferably equal to or less than 50% by weight based on the weight of the shaft, and more preferably equal to or less than 45% by weight. In the embodiment of FIG. 2, the total weight of the butt partial layer is the total weight of the sheets s4 and s5.
In respect of the increase of the ratio of the center of gravity of the shaft, the axial direction length of the butt partial layer is preferably equal to or greater than 50 mm, more preferably equal to or greater than 100 mm, and still more preferably equal to or greater than 150 mm. In respect of the increase of the ratio of the center of gravity of the shaft, the axial direction length of the butt partial layer is preferably equal to or less than 500 mm, more preferably equal to or less than 470 mm, and still more preferably equal to or less than 450 mm.
In the embodiment, a carbon fiber (CF) reinforced prepreg and a glass fiber (GF) reinforced prepreg are used. Examples of the carbon fiber include a PAN based carbon fiber and a pitch based carbon fiber. In the embodiment of FIG. 2, the innermost partial sheet s1 is the glass fiber reinforced prepreg. The other sheets are the carbon fiber reinforced prepregs.
In the glass fiber reinforced prepreg, a reinforcing fiber is a glass fiber. In the glass fiber reinforced prepreg of the embodiment, the fiber is oriented substantially in one direction. That is, the glass fiber reinforced prepreg is a UD prepreg. A glass fiber reinforced prepreg other than the UD prepreg may be used. For example, glass fibers contained in the prepreg sheet may be woven.
In the embodiment, the glass fiber reinforced prepreg is used as a straight tip partial layer. The innermost straight tip partial layer s1 is a glass fiber reinforced layer. The glass fiber reinforced layer s1 is disposed inside the outermost layer. The glass fiber reinforced layer s1 is disposed inside the full length hoop layer s7. The glass fiber reinforced layer s1 is disposed inside the bias layers s2 and s3. As described later, the glass fiber reinforced layer s1 is a first straight layer.
A straight tip partial layer s9 is provided outside the tip partial layer s1. A carbon fiber reinforced prepreg is used for the layer s9. The tip partial layer s9 is disposed outside the bias layers s2 and s3. The tip partial layer s9 is disposed outside all the full length straight layers. As described later, the tip partial layer s9 is a second straight layer.
A straight tip partial layer s10 is disposed outside the tip partial layer s9. The tip partial layer s10 covers the overall tip partial layer s9.
As described above, the tip partial layer s1 is positioned inside the bias layers s2 and s3. The shape of the mandrel corresponds to the thickness of the tip partial layer s1. At the position where the tip partial layer s1 is wound, the mandrel is thin. The mandrel is designed so that the outer shape of the mandrel with the tip partial layer s1 in a state where the tip partial layer s1 is wound is a simple taper shape. Therefore, the generation of wrinkles caused by the tip partial layer s1 is suppressed.
The straight butt partial layer s5 is provided outside the butt partial layer s4. The layer s5 is a carbon fiber reinforced layer. The layer s5 is disposed outside the bias layers s2 and s3. The layer s5 is the outermost butt partial layer. At least one full length straight layer is provided outside the layer s5.
In the present application, the number of the full length sheets is defined as Nw. Preferably, Nw is a natural number equal to or greater than 1. In light of circumferential uniformity, the plurality of full length sheets are preferably dispersed in the circumferential direction. In this Nw is preferably equal to or greater than 3, more preferably equal to or greater than 4, and still more preferably equal to or greater than 5. In respect of weight saving, Nw is preferably equal to or less than 10, more preferably equal to or less than 9, and still more preferably equal to or less than 8.
In the embodiment of FIG. 2, the full length sheets are the sheets s2, s3, s6, s7, and s8. In the embodiment, Nw is 5.
In the present application, the number of the full length straight sheets is defined as Nws. Preferably, Nws is a natural number equal to or greater than 1.
In the embodiment of FIG. 2, the full length straight sheets are the sheets s6 and s8. In the embodiment, Nws is 2.
In the present application, the number of the full length hoop sheets is defined as Nwf. In respect of the shaft strength, Nwf is preferably a natural number equal to or greater than 1.
In the embodiment of FIG. 2, the full length hoop sheet is the sheet s7. In the embodiment, Nwf is 1. In respect of the weight saving, Nwf is preferably equal to or less than 2.
In the present application, the number of the partial sheets is defined as Np. Preferably, Np is a natural number equal to or greater than 1. In respect of productivity, Np is preferably the same as Nw, or less than Nw. In this respect, Np is preferably equal to or less than 6, and more preferably equal to or less than 5. In light of the circumferential uniformity, the plurality of partial sheets are preferably dispersed in the circumferential direction. In this respect, Np is preferably equal to or greater than 2, and more preferably equal to or greater than 3.
In the embodiment of FIG. 2, the partial sheets are the sheets s1, s4, s5, s9, and s10. In the embodiment, Np is 4.
In the present application, the number of the tip partial sheets is defined as Npt. Both weight saving and an improvement in strength can be achieved by selectively reinforcing the tip part. In this respect, Npt is preferably a natural number equal to or greater than 1. As described later, the first straight layer and the second straight layer are preferably the tip partial layers. In this respect, Npt is preferably equal to or greater than 2. In respect of the productivity, Npt is preferably equal to or less than 4.
In the embodiment of FIG. 2, the tip partial sheets are the sheets s1, s9, and s10. In the embodiment, Npt is 3.
In the present application, the number of the butt partial sheets is defined as Npb. Both weight saving and an improvement in strength can be achieved by selectively reinforcing the back end part. In this respect, Npb is preferably a natural number equal to or greater than 1. In respect of the productivity, Npb is preferably equal to or less than 3, and more preferably equal to or less than 2.
In the embodiment of FIG. 2, the butt partial sheets are the sheets s4 and s5. In the embodiment, Npb is 2.
In the embodiment, the hoop sheet s7 is the full length sheet. The crushing deformation of the whole shaft is effectively suppressed by the sheet s7.
In the shaft 6, the hoop sheet s7 is the full length sheet. Therefore, the sheet s7 certainly exists at the positions of the ends of all the partial sheets. For this reason, the stress concentration in the end of the partial sheet is eased by the hoop layer. The full length hoop layer can enhance the strength of the shaft including the partial sheet.
As described above, the shaft 6 includes the glass fiber reinforced sheet s1 as the partial sheet. The glass fiber reinforced sheet s1 is the straight sheet.
The shaft 6 includes the glass fiber reinforced sheet s1 as the tip partial sheet. Usually, the elastic modulus of the glass fiber is equal to or than about 7 to 8 ton/mm2. The elastic modulus of the glass fiber is comparatively low. An impact-absorbing energy is improved by disposing the glass fiber reinforced layer. Impact caused by a hit ball mainly acts on the tip part of the shaft 6. The impact of the hit ball is effectively absorbed by the glass fiber reinforced layer s1 of the tip part (effect A). The glass fiber reinforced layer s1 enhances the shaft strength.
The axial direction length of the glass fiber reinforced sheet s1 which is the tip partial sheet is shown by a double-pointed arrow T1 in FIG. 2. In respect of the effect A, the length T1 is preferably equal to or greater than 100 mm, more preferably equal to or greater than 125 mm, and still more preferably equal to or greater than 150 mm. The specific gravity of the glass fiber is comparatively large. In respect of the increase of the ratio (Lg/Ls), the length T1 is preferably equal to or less than 350 mm, more preferably equal to or less than 300 mm, and still more preferably equal to or less than 250 mm.
In respect of enhancing the effect A, at least a part of the glass fiber reinforced sheet s1 preferably positioned in the specific tip part Tx. More preferably, the glass fiber reinforced layer s1 is disposed in the overall axial range of the specific tip part Tx.
Usually, the glass fiber has lower strength than the strength of the PAN based carbon fiber. If the carbon fiber reinforced layer is substituted by the glass fiber reinforced layer, a negative effect in strength may be generated. In the shaft 6, the glass fiber reinforced layer s1 is disposed on a comparatively inner side. The inner layer of the shaft 6 is close to the neutral axis of the section of the shaft (the axis line of the shaft). Therefore, a tensile stress and a compressive stress which are generated in the inner layer are less than a tensile stress and a compressive stress which are generated in the outer layer. The negative effect in the strength described above is suppressed by disposing the glass fiber reinforced layer on the comparatively inner side (effect B). Meanwhile, the impact-absorbing energy is improved by disposing the glass fiber reinforced layer. The inner side disposal of the glass fiber reinforced layer s1 can enhance the impact-absorbing energy and improve the strength of the shaft 6.
The contribution of the inner layer to the flexural rigidity is smaller than the contribution of the outer layer to the flexural rigidity. The excessive reduction of the flexural rigidity is suppressed by disposing the low-elastic glass fiber on the comparatively inner side. That is, in the shaft 6, an improvement in impact strength is achieved by utilizing the inner layer having a low contribution degree to the flexural rigidity. Therefore, the impact strength is improved while the moderate flexural rigidity is secured (effect C).
In the shaft 6, the glass fiber reinforced sheet s1 is positioned inside a thickness center position of the shaft. Therefore, the effects B and C are enhanced.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the shaft 6. In the present application, the total thickness of the shaft is defined as Ts. The total thickness Ts is measured along the radial direction. The total thickness Ts may be changed depending on the axial direction. A position having a thickness of Ts/2 from an inner surface 6a of the shaft is defined as a central position k1 in a thickness direction.
In respect of further enhancing the effects B and C, at least one glass fiber reinforced sheet is preferably disposed inside the central position k1 in the thickness direction.
In the shaft 6, the glass fiber reinforced sheet s1 forms an innermost layer. The innermost layer forms the inner surface 6a of the shaft. Therefore, the effects B and C are further enhanced.
The specific gravity of the glass fiber is greater than the specific gravity of the carbon fiber. The weight saving of the shaft 6 is achieved by using the glass fiber sheet as the partial sheet.
[First Straight Layer]
In the present application, the first straight layer is defined. A 0°-compression strength of the first straight layer is the minimum in all the layers. The 0°-compression strength of the first straight layer is defined as Cmin.
If the number of the layers in which the 0°-compression strength is the minimum is plural, the innermost layer of the layers is the first straight layer.
The shaft 6 includes the first straight layer. In the shaft 6, the layer s1 is the first straight layer (see FIG. 2).
The first straight layer is formed from a first straight sheet. In the embodiment, the first straight sheet is the sheet s1. The first straight sheet is disposed on the innermost side.
The first straight layer includes a first reinforcing fiber. The reinforcing fiber of the first straight layer is referred to as the first reinforcing fiber.
[Second Straight Layer]
In the present application, the second straight layer is defined. A 0°-compression strength of the second straight layer is the maximum in all the layers. The 0°-compression strength of the second straight layer is defined as Cmax.
If the number of the layers in which the 0°-compression strength is the maximum is plural, the outermost layer of the layers is the second straight layer.
The shaft 6 includes the second straight layer. In the shaft 6, the layer s9 is the second straight layer (see FIG. 2).
The second straight layer is formed from a second straight sheet. In the embodiment, the second straight sheet is the sheet s9. The second straight sheet is the tip partial sheet.
As shown in FIG. 2, the second straight layer s9 is disposed outside the outermost full length layer s8.
The second straight layer s9 is covered with the tip partial straight layer s10. The second straight layer s9 is protected by the tip partial straight layer s10. Although the tip partial straight layer s10 is polished in the polishing process, the second straight layer s9 is not polished. Even if the tip partial polishing is performed, the tip partial straight layer s10 is polished. However, the second straight layer s9 is not polished.
The second straight layer includes a second reinforcing fiber. The reinforcing fiber of the second straight layer is referred to as the second reinforcing fiber.
As described above, the shaft 6 includes the specific tip part Tx. The specific tip part Tx satisfies the following (a), (b), and (c):
(a) the first straight layer forms an innermost layer;
(b) the second straight layer is disposed outside a central position k1 in a thickness direction (see FIG. 3); and
(c) a difference (Cmax−Cmin) is equal to or greater than 550 MPa.
The inventors have found that a three-point flexural strength and an impact-absorbing energy are improved by the above (a), (b), and (c). The reason of the effect is considered as follows.
The first straight layer has a small 0°-compression strength. However, in the flexural deformation of the shaft 6, compressive strain is less likely to be generated in the innermost layer. Therefore, even if the 0°-compression strength of the innermost layer is small, the influence on the flexural strength is limited. Meanwhile, in the flexural deformation of the shaft 6, the compressive strain is likely to be generated in the outer side layer. For this reason, the second straight layer having an excellent 0°-compression strength can effectively improve the flexural strength. It is considered that deformation strain is effectively dispersed by the difference between the Cmax and the Cmin, and the three-point flexural strength and the impact-absorbing energy are improved.
In the above-mentioned respects, the difference (Cmax−Cmin) is preferably equal to or greater than 550, more preferably equal to or greater than 560, still more preferably equal to or greater than 580, yet still more preferably equal to or greater than 590, yet still more preferably equal to or greater than 640, yet still more preferably equal to or greater than 650, and yet still more preferably equal to or greater than 660. When the difference (Cmax−Cmin) is too large, the degree of freedom of material option may be decreased. In this respect, the difference (Cmax−Cmin) is preferably equal to or less than 1500, more preferably equal to or less than 1400, still more preferably equal to or less than 1300, yet still more preferably equal to or less than 1250, yet still more preferably equal to or less than 1000, and yet still more preferably equal to or less than 800.
In respects of enhancing the strength of the specific tip part Tx and of increasing the difference (Cmax−Cmin), the Cmax is preferably equal to or greater than 1400 MPa, more preferably equal to or greater than 1500 MPa, and still more preferably equal to or greater than 1600 MPa. In light of the degree of freedom of the material option, the Cmax is preferably equal to or less than 1900 MPa.
In respects of enhancing the strength of the specific tip part Tx and of increasing the difference (Cmax−Cmin), the Cmin is preferably equal to or less than 1300 MPa, more preferably equal to or less than 1200 MPa, still more preferably equal to or less than 1100 MPa, and yet still more preferably equal to or less than 1000 MPa. In light of the degree of freedom of the material option, the Cmin is preferably equal to or greater than 300 MPa.
Preferably, the tensile elastic modulus of the first reinforcing fiber is set to be equal to or less than 15 t/mm2. In the flexural deformation of the shaft 6, tensile strain is apt to be generated in the outer side layer. The strain may cause excessive flexural deformation. The excessive flexural deformation may reduce the strength of the shaft 6. In the embodiment, the first straight layer is positioned on the inner side. For this reason, even if the tensile elastic modulus of the first reinforcing fiber is low, the excessive deformation is less likely to be generated. Therefore, the influence on the strength is limited. Meanwhile, the tensile elastic modulus of the first reinforcing fiber is suppressed, and thereby the tensile strain of the inner layer can be increased and the impact-absorbing energy can be improved. In this respect, the tensile elastic modulus of the first reinforcing fiber is preferably equal to or less than 15 t/mm2, more preferably equal to or less than 11 t/mm2, and still more preferably equal to or less than 10 t/mm2. In light of the degree of freedom of the material option, the tensile elastic modulus of the first reinforcing fiber is preferably equal to or greater than 5 t/mm2, and more preferably equal to or greater than 7 t/mm2.
Preferably, the 0°-tensile breakage strain of the first straight layer is set to be equal to or greater than 3%. In the embodiment, the first straight layer is positioned on the inner side. For this reason, even if the 0°-tensile breakage strain is large, the excessive deformation is less likely to be generated. Therefore, the influence on the strength is limited. Meanwhile, the 0°-tensile breakage strain is increased, and thereby the tensile strain of the inner layer can be increased and the impact-absorbing energy can be improved. In this respect, the 0°-tensile breakage strain is preferably equal to or greater than 3%, more preferably equal to or greater than 3.5%, and still more preferably equal to or greater than 3.9%. In light of the degree of freedom of the material option, the 0°-tensile breakage strain is preferably equal to or less than 10%.
In the embodiment, the first reinforcing fiber is the glass fiber. The first straight layer s1 including the first reinforcing fiber forms the innermost layer in the specific tip part Tx. Therefore, the effects A, B, and C are improved.
The hoop layer suppresses the crushing deformation. The crushing deformation is apt to be generated in a portion having a large outer diameter. Therefore, it was said that the hoop layer was effective if the outer diameter was large. However, the hoop layer is effective also in the specific tip part Tx having a small outer diameter. In the shaft 6, the hoop layer s7 exists in the specific tip part Tx. The strength of the specific tip part Tx can be improved by the hoop layer s7.
It was considered that the straight layer was effective in order to improve the strength of the specific tip part Tx having a small outer diameter. However, the hoop layer disposed in the specific tip part Tx can improve the strength of the specific tip part Tx.
If the average thickness of the specific tip part Tx is small, the strength is apt to be decreased. In this case, an effect of improving the strength is conspicuous. In this respect, the average thickness of the specific tip part Tx is preferably equal to or less than 1.8 mm, more preferably equal to or less than 1.7 mm, still more preferably equal to or less than 1.6 mm, and yet still more preferably equal to or less than 1.5 mm. In light of practical strength, the average thickness of the specific tip part Tx is preferably equal to or greater than 1.0 mm, more preferably equal to or greater than 1.1 mm, and still more preferably equal to or greater than 1.2 mm. The average thickness is an average value of the total thickness Ts.
The toughness of the shaft 6 is enhanced by the glass fiber, and the crushing rigidity of the shaft 6 is enhanced by the hoop layer. The impact strength of the tip part can be improved by these synergistic effects.
Usually, the hosel end face of the head is positioned in the specific tip part Tx (see FIG. 1). The stress is concentrated on the hosel end face by impact in hitting. The strength of the shaft 6 near the hosel end face is improved by the improvement in the strength of the specific tip part Tx.
The strength of a lightweighter shaft is apt to be decreased. In the lightweighter shaft, the degree of design freedom of the position of the center of gravity of the shaft is apt to be decreased. Therefore, the effect of the shaft 6 is conspicuous in the lightweighter shaft. The embodiment is particularly effective in the lightweight shaft. In this respect, the weight of the shaft is preferably equal to or less than 50 g, more preferably less than 50 g, still more preferably equal to or less than 49 g, yet still more preferably equal to or less than 48 g, yet still more preferably equal to or less than 47 g, and yet still more preferably equal to or less than 46 g. In light of practical strength, the weight of the shaft is preferably equal to or greater than 35 g, and more preferably equal to or greater than 38 g.
In addition to an epoxy resin, a thermosetting resin other than the epoxy resin and a thermoplastic resin or the like may also be used as the matrix resin of the prepreg sheet. In respect of the shaft strength, the matrix resin is preferably the epoxy resin.
[Center of Gravity G of Shaft]
As shown in FIG. 1, the center of gravity G of the shaft is positioned in the shaft 6. The center of gravity G is positioned on the axis line of the shaft. The center of gravity G is the center of gravity of the shaft 6 alone.
[Full Length Ls of Shaft]
In a shaft which is long and lightweight, the weight of the shaft per unit length is small. In this case, an effect of improving the strength is conspicuous. The shaft which is lightweight and long is effective in the improvement in the head speed. In these respects, the full length Ls of the shaft is preferably equal to or greater than 41 inch, more preferably equal to or greater than 42 inch, still more preferably equal to or greater than 42.5 inch, and yet still more preferably equal to or greater than 43 inch. In respects of easiness of swing and the golf rules, the full length Ls of the shaft is preferably equal to or less than 47 inch.
[Distance Lg Between Tip End Tp and Center of Gravity G of Shaft]
If the distance Lg is long, the center of gravity G of the shaft is close to the butt end Bt. The position of the center of gravity closer to the butt end Bt can improve the easiness of swing. The position of the center of gravity can contribute to the improvement in the head speed.
In respects of the easiness of swing and the head speed, the distance Lg is preferably equal to or greater than 600 mm, more preferably equal to or greater than 610 mm, still more preferably equal to or greater than 615 mm, yet still more preferably equal to or greater than 620 mm, and yet still more preferably equal to or greater than 625 mm.
If the center of gravity G of the shaft is too close to butt end Bt, a centrifugal force acting on the center of gravity G of the shaft is apt to be reduced. That is, if the ratio of the center of gravity of the shaft is large, the centrifugal force acting on the center of gravity G of the shaft is apt to be reduced. In this case, the flexure of the shaft may be less likely to be felt. The shaft of which the flexure is less likely to be felt is apt to cause a rigid feeling. In respect of suppressing the rigid feeling, the distance Lg may be equal to or less than 800 mm.
[Lg/Ls] (Ratio of Center of Gravity of Shaft)
In respects of the easiness of swing and the head speed, the ratio (Lg/Ls) is preferably equal to or greater than 0.50, more preferably equal to or greater than 0.51, still more preferably equal to or greater than 0.52, yet still more preferably equal to or greater than 0.53, and yet still more preferably equal to or greater than 0.54. If the ratio (Lg/Ls) is too large, the shaft strength of the tip part may be reduced. In respect of the shaft strength, the ratio (Lg/Ls) is preferably equal to or less than 0.65, and more preferably equal to or less than 0.64.
Examples of means for adjusting the ratio of the center of gravity of the shaft include the following items (a1) to (a12):
(a1) increase or decrease of the number of windings of the butt partial layer;
(a2) increase or decrease of a thickness of the butt partial layer;
(a3) increase or decrease of an axial direction length of the butt partial layer;
(a4) increase or decrease of a resin content rate of the butt partial layer;
(a5) increase or decrease of a specific gravity of the butt partial layer;
(a6) increase or decrease of the number of windings the tip partial layer;
(a7) increase or decrease of a thickness of the tip partial layer;
(a8) increase or decrease of an axial direction length of the tip partial layer;
(a9) increase or decrease of a resin content rate of the tip partial layer;
(a10) increase or decrease of a specific gravity of the tip partial layer;
(a11) increase or decrease of a specific gravity of the butt partial layer; and
(a12) increase or decrease of a taper ratio of the shaft.
The following Table 1 shows examples of prepregs capable of being used. These prepregs are commercially available. Shafts having desired specifications can be produced by selecting the prepregs.







TABLE 1







Table 1 Examples of prepregs capable of being used














Thick-
0°-
0°-
Tensile




ness
tensile
compress
elastic




of
breakage
ion
mod-




sheet
strain
strength
ulus


Manufacturer
Trade name
(mm)
(%)
(MPa)
(t/mm2)















Toray 
3255S-10
0.08
1.9
1441
24


Industries, Inc.







Toray 
3255S-12
0.10
1.9
1441
24


Industries, Inc.







Toray 
3255S-15
0.12
1.9
1441
24


Industries, Inc.







Toray 
3255G-10
0.08
1.9
1509
25


Industries, Inc.







Toray 
3255G-12
0.10
1.9
1509
25


Industries, Inc.







Toray 
3255G-15
0.12
1.9
1509
25


Industries, Inc.







Toray 
3255G-17
0.14
1.9
1509
25


Industries, Inc.







Toray 
P805S-3
0.03
1.7
1421
30


Industries, Inc.







Toray 
2255G-10
0.08
2.0
1627
30


Industries, Inc.







Toray 
2255G-12
0.10
2.0
1627
30


Industries, Inc.







Toray 
2255G-15
0.12
2.0
1627
30


Industries, Inc.







Toray 
9255S-7A
0.06
1.1
1274
40


Industries, Inc.







Nippon 
E1026A-09N
0.10
1.5
1050
10


Graphite Fiber 







Corporation







Nippon 
E1026A-14N
0.15
1.5
1070
11


Graphite Fiber 







Corporation







Nippon 
E8026A-07S
0.07
0.3
380
80


Graphite Fiber 







Corporation







Mitsubishi 
GE352H-160S
0.15
3.9
970
7


Rayon







Co., Ltd.









The 0°-tensile breakage strain, the 0°-compression strength, and the tensile elastic modulus of the fiber are shown in Table 1. The value of the tensile elastic modulus (t/mm2) of the fiber is measured based on “Testing Methods for Carbon Fibers” specified on JIS R7601: 1986. Methods for measuring the 0°-compression strength and the 0°-tensile breakage strain are as follows.
[0°-Compression Strength]
Test piece production and measurement were conducted according to ASTM D690.
[0°-Tensile Breakage Strain]
Test piece production and measurement were conducted according to ASTM D3039.
EXAMPLES
Hereinafter, the effects of the present invention will be clarified by examples. However, the present invention should not be interpreted in a limited way based on the description of examples.
Laminated constitutions A to E used in examples and comparative examples are respectively shown in the following Tables 2 to 6. The laminated constitutions A to E are laminated constitutions in a specific tip part Tx. Table 2 shows a laminated constitution A of example 1. Table 3 shows a laminated constitution B of example 2. Table 4 shows a laminated constitution C of example 3. Table 5 shows a laminated constitution D of comparative example 1. Table 6 shows a laminated constitution E of comparative example 2. In each Table, CF means a carbon fiber, and GF means a glass fiber.
Example 1
Suitable prepregs were selected from Table 1, and a shaft having a laminated constitution shown in FIG. 2 was produced. A method for manufacturing the shaft is as described above. The laminated constitution of a specific tip part Tx was as described in Table 2. The specifications and evaluation results of example 1 are shown in the following Table 7.
In example 1, a first reinforcing fiber is a glass fiber. In example 1, a second reinforcing fiber is a carbon fiber. The second reinforcing fiber is a PAN based carbon fiber.
Example 2
Suitable prepregs were selected from Table 1, and a shaft having a laminated constitution shown in FIG. 2 was produced. A method for manufacturing the shaft is as described above. The laminated constitution of a specific tip part Tx was as described in Table 3. The specifications and evaluation results of example 2 are shown in the following Table 7.
In example 2, a first reinforcing fiber is a carbon fiber. The first reinforcing fiber is a pitch based carbon fiber. In example 2, a second reinforcing fiber is a carbon fiber. The second reinforcing fiber is a PAN based carbon fiber.
Example 3
Suitable prepregs were selected from Table 1, and a shaft having a laminated constitution shown in FIG. 2 was produced. A method for manufacturing the shaft is as described above. The laminated constitution of a specific tip part Tx was as described in Table 4. The specifications and evaluation results of example 3 are shown in the following Table 7.
In example 3, a first reinforcing fiber is a carbon fiber. The first reinforcing fiber is a pitch based carbon fiber. In example 3, a second reinforcing fiber is a carbon fiber. The second reinforcing fiber is a PAN based carbon fiber.
Comparative Example 1
Suitable prepregs were selected from Table 1, and a shaft having a laminated constitution shown in FIG. 2 was produced. A method for manufacturing the shaft is as described above. The laminated constitution of a specific tip part Tx was as described in Table 5. The specifications and evaluation results of comparative example 1 are shown in the following Table 7.
In comparative example 1, a first reinforcing fiber is a glass fiber. In comparative example 1, a second reinforcing fiber is a carbon fiber. The second reinforcing fiber is a PAN based carbon fiber.
Comparative Example 2
Suitable prepregs were selected from Table 1, and a shaft having a laminated constitution shown in FIG. 2 was produced. A method for manufacturing the shaft is as described above. The laminated constitution of a specific tip part Tx was as described in Table 6. The specifications and evaluation results of comparative example 2 are shown in the following Table 7.
In comparative example 2, a first reinforcing fiber is a carbon fiber. The first reinforcing fiber is a PAN based carbon fiber. In comparative example 2, a second reinforcing fiber is a carbon fiber. The second reinforcing fiber is a PAN based carbon fiber.







TABLE 2







Laminated constitution A in specific tip part Tx (example 1)




















Tensile
0°-








Fiber
elastic
tensile
0°-







angle
modulus
breakage
compression




Lamination
Sheet

Af
of fiber
strain
strength




order
(layer)
Fiber
(degree)
(t/mm2)
(%)
(MPa)
Remarks


















Laminated
1
s1
GF
0
7
3.9
970
First


constitution A







straight










layer



2
s2
CF
−45
40
1.1
1274
—



3
s3
CF
+45
40
1.1
1274
—



4
s6
CF
0
24
1.9
1441
—



5
s7
CF
90
30
1.7
1421
—



6
s8
CF
0
24
1.9
1441
—



7
s9
CF
0
30
2.0
1627
Second










straight










layer



8
s10
CF
0
24
1.9
1441
—
















TABLE 3







Laminated constitution B in specific tip part Tx (example 2)




















Tensile
0°-








Fiber
elastic
tensile
0°-







angle 
modulus
breakage
compression




Lamination
Sheet

Af
of fiber 
strain
strength




order
(layer)
Fiber
(degree)
(t/mm2)
(%)
(MPa)
Remarks


















Laminated
1
s1
CF
0
11
1.5
1070
First


constitution B







straight










layer



2
s2
CF
−45
40
1.1
1274
—



3
s3
CF
+45
40
1.1
1274
—



4
s6
CF
0
24
1.9
1441
—



5
s7
CF
90
30
1.7
1421
—



6
s8
CF
0
24
1.9
1441
—



7
s9
CF
0
30
2.0
1627
Second










straight










layer



8
s10
CF
0
24
1.9
1441
—
















TABLE 4







Laminated constitution C in specific tip part Tx (example 3)




















Tensile
0°-








Fiber
elastic
tensile 
0°-







angle 
modulus
breakage
compression




Lamination
Sheet

Af
of fiber
strain
strength




order
(layer)
Fiber
(degree)
(t/mm2)
(%)
(MPa)
Remarks


















Laminated
1
s1
CF
0
80
0.3
380
First


constitution C







straight










layer



2
s2
CF
−45
40
1.1
1274
—



3
s3
CF
+45
40
1.1
1274
—



4
s6
CF
0
24
1.9
1441
—



5
s7
CF
90
30
1.7
1421
—



6
s8
CF
0
24
1.9
1441
—



7
s9
CF
0
30
2.0
1627
Second










straight










layer



8
s10
CF
0
24
1.9
1441
—
















TABLE 5







Laminated constitution D in specific tip part Tx (comparative example 1)




















Tensile
0°-








Fiber
elastic
tensile
0°-







angle 
modulus
breakage
compression




Lamination
Sheet

Af
of fiber
strain
strength




order
(layer)
Fiber
(degree)
(t/mm2)
(%)
(MPa)
Remarks


















Laminated
1
s1
GF
0
7
3.9
970
First


constitution D







straight










layer



2
s2
CF
−45
40
1.1
1274
—



3
s3
CF
+45
40
1.1
1274
—



4
s6
CF
0
24
1.9
1441
—



5
s7
CF
90
30
1.7
1421
—



6
s8
CF
0
24
1.9
1441
—



7
s9
CF
0
25
1.9
1509
Second










straight










layer



8
s10
CF
0
24
1.9
1441
—
















TABLE 6







Laminated constitution E in specific tip part Tx (comparative example 2)




















Tensile
0°-








Fiber
elastic
tensile 
0°-







angle 
modulus 
breakage
compression




Lamination
Sheet

Af
of fiber
strain
strength




order
(layer)
Fiber
(degree)
(t/mm2)
(%)
(MPa)
Remarks


















Laminated
1
s1
CF
0
40
1.1
1274
First


constitution E







straight










layer



2
s2
CF
−45
40
1.1
1274
—



3
s3
CF
+45
40
1.1
1274
—



4
s6
CF
0
24
1.9
1441
—



5
s7
CF
90
30
1.7
1421
—



6
s8
CF
0
24
1.9
1441
—



7
s9
CF
0
25
1.9
1509
Second










straight










layer



8
s10
CF
0
24
1.9
1441
—
















TABLE 7







Table 7 Specifications and evaluation results of examples and


comparative examples
















Compar-
Compar-






ative
ative



Example 
Example 
Example 
example 
example 



1
2
3
1 
2





Laminated
A
B
C
D
E


consti-







tution







Shaft 
46
46
46
46
46


weight 







(g)







Full 
1143
1143
1143
1143
1143


length 







of shaft 







Ls (mm)







Distance 
626
626
626
626
626


Lg (mm)







Lg/Ls
0.548
0.548
0.548
0.548
0.548


Cmax- 
657
557
1247
539
235


Cmin







(MPa)







0°-tensile 
3.9
1.5
0.3
3.9
1.1


breakage







strain of 







first 







straight 







layer (%)







Type of
Glass
Carbon
Carbon
Glass
Carbon


fiber of 
fiber
fiber
fiber
fiber
fiber


first 







straight 







layer







Three- 
220
215
225
200
205


point







flexural 







strength at







point T







(kgf)







Impact-
3.7
3.4
3.2
3.2
3.1


absorbing







energy (J)









[Evaluation Methods]

[Three-Point Flexural Strength at Point T]

The three-point flexural strength is based on an SG type three-point flexural strength test. This is a test set by Consumer Product Safety Association in Japan. FIG. 4 shows a method for measuring the three-point flexural strength test. A measured point is a point T. As described above, the point T is a point separated by 90 mm from the tip end Tp.
As shown in FIG. 4, a load F is applied downward from above at a load point e3 while a shaft 20 is supported from below at two supporting points e1 and e2. The load point e3 is positioned at a position bisecting the distance between the supporting points e1 and e2. The load point e3 is the measured point. The span S is 150 mm. A value (peak value) of the load F when the shaft 20 is broken is measured. The values are shown in Table 7.
[Impact-Absorbing Energy]
FIG. 5 shows a method for measuring an impact-absorbing energy. An impact test was conducted by a cantilever bending method. A drop weight impact tester (IITM-18) manufactured by Yonekura MFG Co., Ltd. was used as a measuring apparatus 50. A tip part between a tip end Tp of the shaft and a position separated by 50 mm from the tip end Tp was fixed to a fixing jig 52. A weight W of 600 g was dropped to the shaft at a position separated by 100 mm from the fixed end, from the upper side at 1500 mm above the position. An accelerometer 54 was attached to the weight W. The accelerometer 54 was connected to an FFT analyzer 58 through an AD converter 56. A measurement wave profile was obtained by FFT treatment. Displacement D and an impact flexural load L were measured by the measurement to calculate an impact-absorbing energy before breakage started.
FIG. 6 is an example of the measured wave profile. The wave profile is a graph showing the relationship between the displacement D (mm) and the impact flexural load L (kgf). In the graph of FIG. 6, the area of a portion shown by hatching represents an impact-absorbing energy Em (J). The values of the energies Em are shown in Table 7.
As shown in Table 7, the examples are highly evaluated as compared with the comparative examples. The examples are lightweight, have a tip part having excellent strength, and have a large distance Lg. The advantages of the present invention are apparent.
The shaft described above can be used for all golf clubs.
The description hereinabove is merely for an illustrative example, and various modifications can be made in the scope not to depart from the principles of the present invention.

## Claims

1. A golf club shaft comprising a plurality of fiber reinforced resin layers,
wherein the plurality of layers include:
a first straight layer including a first sheet with a first reinforcing fiber, wherein a 0°-compression strength of the first sheet is a minimum; and
a second straight layer including a second sheet with a second reinforcing fiber, wherein a 0°-compression strength of the second sheet is a maximum; and
if a position separated by 100 mm from a tip end is defined as P1, and a region between the position P1 and the tip end is defined as a specific tip part, the specific tip part satisfies the following (a), (b), and (c):
(a) the first straight layer forms an innermost layer;
(b) the second straight layer is disposed outside a central position in a thickness direction; and
(c) if the 0°-compression strength of the first sheet of the first straight layer is defined as Cmin and the 0°-compression strength of the second sheet of the second straight layer is defined as Cmax, a difference (Cmax−Cmin) is equal to or greater than 550 MPa,
wherein if a full length of the shaft is defined as Ls, and a distance between the tip end and a center of gravity of the shaft is defined as Lg, Lg/Ls is equal to or greater than 0.52.

2. The golf club shaft according to claim 1, wherein the first reinforcing fiber has a tensile elastic modulus equal to or less than 15 t/mm2.

3. The golf club shaft according to claim 1, wherein the first straight layer has 0°-tensile breakage strain equal to or greater than 3%.

4. The golf club shaft according to claim 1, wherein the first reinforcing fiber is a glass fiber.

5. The golf club shaft according to claim 1, wherein the shaft has a weight equal to or less than 50 g.

6. The golf club shaft according to claim 1, wherein the first straight layer is a tip partial layer, and the second straight layer is a tip partial layer.

7. The golf club shaft according to claim 6, wherein the tip partial layer as the first straight layer is a glass fiber reinforced layer, and the glass fiber reinforced layer has an axial direction length of 100 mm or greater and 350 mm or less.

8. The golf club shaft according to claim 7, wherein the glass fiber reinforced layer is disposed in an overall axial range of the specific tip part.

9. The golf club shaft according to claim 1, wherein the Cmax is 1400 MPa or greater and 1900 MPa or less.

10. The golf club shaft according to claim 1, wherein the Cmin is 300 MPa or greater and 1300 MPa or less.

11. The golf club shaft according to claim 1, further comprising one or more butt partial layers,
wherein a total weight of the butt partial layers is 5% by weight or greater and 50% by weight or less based on a weight of the shaft.

12. A golf club comprising a head, a shaft, and a grip,
wherein the shaft includes a plurality of fiber reinforced resin layers;
the plurality of layers include:
a first straight layer including a first sheet with a first reinforcing fiber, wherein a 0°-compression strength of the first sheet is a minimum; and
a second straight layer including a second sheet with a second reinforcing fiber, wherein a 0°-compression strength of the second sheet is a maximum; and
if a position separated by 100 mm from a tip end is defined as P1, and a region between the position P1 and the tip end is defined as a specific tip part, the specific tip part satisfies the following (a), (b), and (c):
(a) the first straight layer forms an innermost layer;
(b) the second straight layer is disposed outside a central position in a thickness direction; and
(c) if the 0°-compression strength of the first sheet of the first straight layer is defined as Cmin and the 0°-compression strength of the second sheet of the second straight layer is defined as Cmax, a difference (Cmax−Cmin) is equal to or greater than 550 MPa,
wherein if a full length of the shaft is defined as Ls, and a distance between the tip end and a center of gravity of the shaft is defined as Lg, Lg/Ls is equal to or greater than 0.52.

13. The golf club shaft according to claim 1, wherein the Cmax is equal to or greater than 1500 MPa but equal to or less than 1900 MPa.

14. The golf club shaft according to claim 1, wherein the Cmax is equal to or greater than 1600 MPa but equal to or less than 1900 MPa.