UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

NORTHERN DISTRICT OF INDIANA

HAMMOND DIVISION

JOHN D. SMITH, )

)

Plaintiff, )

) Cause No. 2:16-cv-100

v. )

)

UNITED STATES, )

)

Defendant. )

OPINION & ORDER

John Smith has filed a pro se motion to enforce an order I entered in July 2015

releasing a restraining order on Smith’s credit union account and ordering return of

other property the government seized in April 2011. (DE 7.) Smith claims the

government violated that order by (a) directing $13,514.78 to his ex-wife, (b) allowing

the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms to keep $8,000, and (c) refusing to

disclose how many boxes of unforfeited property there are so that Smith can arrange for

long-term storage. (Id.) The government opposes the motion. (DE 15.) For the reasons

below, Smith’s motion to enforce is denied in part and granted in part. 

Background

On March 8, 2011, Smith sold numerous weapons to ATF undercover agents in

exchange for a $7,000 money order and $1,000 cash. (Id. at 1.) A few days later, he

endorsed the money order, received $3,000 cash, and deposited the remainder into an

account he had at the Indiana Members Credit Union. (Id. at 13.) About a month after

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that, he was arrested and charged on a seven-count indictment with conspiracy, drug

trafficking, and weapons crimes. See United States v. Smith, No. 2:11-cr-53 (N.D. Ind.

Apr. 7, 2011) (DE 1). The indictment sought criminal forfeiture of an unspecified

amount of funds in Smith’s credit union account, and a restraining order was issued

freezing those funds just before Smith’s arrest. See id.; United States v. Smith, No. 2:11-cr53 (N.D. Ind. Apr. 13, 2011) (DE 6).

In June 2013, Smith was convicted of conspiring and attempting to possess with

intent to distribute more than 5 kilograms of cocaine and possession of a firearm in

furtherance of a drug trafficking crime. Smith, No. 2:11-cr-53 (N.D. Ind. June 6, 2013)

(DE 101). He was sentenced to a mandatory minimum term of imprisonment of 40

years, and his conviction and sentence were affirmed on appeal. United States v. Smith,

792 F.3d 760 (7th Cir. 2015). 

In early 2014, the government moved for the final forfeiture of a vehicle seized

from Smith, and I granted the motion. United States v. Smith, No. 2:11-cr-53 (N.D. Ind.

Jan. 31, 2014) (DE 147); United States v. Smith, No. 2:11-cr-53 (N.D. Ind. Feb. 4, 2014) (DE

148). Neither the government’s motion nor the Final Order of Forfeiture addressed the

credit union funds. See id.

In April 2015, Smith moved for release of the restraining order on the credit

union funds and for return of all other unforfeited property that the government

continued to hold. (DE 1.) In its response, the government conceded that because it “did

not seek to forfeit Smith’s bank account . . . the post-indictment restraining order should

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be released or dismissed.” (DE 3 at 2.) Evidently, the government knew—but did not

advise the court—that the ATF intended to keep $8,000 of the $8,010.64 balance in the

account at that time. (See DE 1 at 5 (showing balance); DE 15 at 15 (ATF notice dated

12/4/2014 regarding buy money).) As a result, I granted Smith’s motion, ordered the

restraining order lifted, and I directed the government to give Smith an inventory of all

property to be released. (See DE 5.)

Smith has filed the instant motion to enforce because, although his credit union

funds were unfrozen, he received no money and because he and the government cannot

agree on how to move forward with the transfer of Smith’s other property.

Discussion

Administrative Offset of $13,514.78 in Seized Funds

Smith argues that the government violated the July 2015 order by releasing

$13,514.78 in seized funds to his ex-wife instead of to his designated representative. (DE

7 at ¶¶ 6-8.) In its response, the government explains that U.S. Marshall Service policy

requires seized money to be returned electronically via the U.S. Treasury Department.

(DE 15 at 6–7.) Before making any disbursement, the Treasury Department searches for

past due debts the would-be recipient owes to state or federal agencies and, if one is

discovered, directs the amount owed to the agency. (Id.; see also 31 U.S.C. §§ 3716(a),

(h).) When the Treasury Department searched for delinquent debts owed by Smith, it

learned that he owed $32,000 in child support in Indiana, and it offset the seized funds

($13,514.78) against that debt. (Id. at 20–23.) 

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Smith argues that this put the U.S. Marshall Service’s policy of releasing funds

through the Treasury Department above the directives in my order, but that misreads

the order. (See DE 16 ¶ 5; see also DE 5.) The July 2015 order did not direct the

government to return the funds to Smith, but instead merely lifted the restraining order.

(See DE 5.) After the restraining order was lifted, the U.S. Marshall Service took steps to

return the money to Smith through the Treasury Department, which was statutorily

authorized to offset any payment to Smith against delinquent child support pursuant to

the federal administrative offset program. See United States v. $37,000 U.S. Currency, 117

F. Supp. 3d 1064, 1067 (S.D. Ind. 2015); United States v. Approx. $3,174.00 in U.S.

Currency, 928 F. Supp. 2d 1040, 1043–44 (E.D. Wis. 2013). 

 Smith also argues that the Treasury Department should not have offset the seized

funds because his child support obligations were stayed on July 2, 2015. (DE 7 at 4; see

also id. at 19 (granting Smith’s motion to abate his child support obligations as of the

date of his incarceration).) That might be true, but, if it is, then Smith must take that up

with the Orange County IV-D Prosecutor, as indicated in the notice of offset sent to him

by the Department of Treasury. (See DE 15 at 20.)

For these reasons, Smith’s motion to enforce is denied with respect to the

$13,514.78 sent to satisfy purportedly past due child support obligations in Indiana.

Retention of $8,000 by the ATF

Smith next argues that the government violated my July 7, 2015 order by

allowing the ATF to keep $8,000 of the money seized from his account. The government

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counters that Smith was not entitled to return of the money because Rule 41(g) requires

the movant to have an ownership interest in the property and clean hands. (DE 15 at 9.)

The government further argues that $4,000 of the seized funds was likely ATF buy

money Smith deposited into the account a month earlier and that, although Smith did

not deposit the other $4,000 ATF paid him, “it does not seem equitable that defendant

should be able to keep money obtained from egregious illegal activity.”(Id. at 1, 10.)

While I agree in principle with those arguments, the government has failed to

explain why these issues were not raised long ago. The government did not forfeit

Smith’s credit union funds, even though they were listed as subject to forfeit in the

indictment. See United States v. Smith, No. 2:11-cr-53 (N.D. Ind. Apr. 7, 2011) (See DE 1 at

8; DE 147; DE 148.) In addition, the government did not oppose Smith’s Motion to

Release the Post-Indictment Restraining Order (DE 1)—in essence a Rule 41(g)

motion—even though it could have easily overcome the presumption that Smith had a

right to return of the seized funds (or $8,000 of them) by showing a “legitimate reason

to retain the property.” See United States v. Crenshaw, 2004 WL 742100, *1 (N.D. Ill.

Mar. 31, 2004) (citations omitted). Instead, the government conceded that the funds

should be released to Smith, without ever informing the court that ATF intended to

recoup its money by keeping all but $10 of the money left in the account when Smith

filed the motion. (See DE 3 ¶ 3; see also DE 1 at 5 (showing an account balance of

$8,010.64 on December 31, 2014).) 

And now, notwithstanding its inaction to date, the government wants a second

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chance to argue that Smith was never entitled to the $8,000—and it wants to make that

case, not on its own motion, but in response to Smith’s motion to enforce. It has pointed

to no authority that would excuse its failure to raise these issues before or that would

entitle it to this relief now. Given these circumstances, the government was obligated to

comply with my July 2015 order lifting the restraining order on the funds in Smith’s

credit union account, and it must now release the remaining $8,000.

Return of Unforfeited, Non-Cash Property

Smith’s last complaint has to do with other property seized but not forfeited. He

argues that the government still has not provided a complete inventory of the property,

even though I ordered it to do so in July 2015. (See DE 16 at 2.) In addition, he asks me to

direct the government to tell him how many boxes of unforfeited property there are, so

that he can arrange for long term storage. (Id.) In its response, the government asserts

that Smith has refused to name a designee but otherwise does not address these

complaints. (DE 15 at 2–6.) 

At this stage, I see no reason to order the government to expend the resources

needed to count up the boxes of property that would be released, but I will direct the

government to file (and serve upon Smith) all 17 pages of the inventory of seized

property and to be sure that the inventory shows any disposition of such property. In

addition, I will order Smith to designate someone for return of his unforfeited property.

Conclusion

Accordingly:

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(1) Smith’s Motion to Enforce (DE 7) is (a) DENIED with respect to the $13,514.78

released to the U.S. Department of Treasury and Smith’s request for more information

on the non-forfeited property and (b) GRANTED with respect to the $8,000 retained by

the ATF; 

(2) The government is DIRECTED to comply with my July 7, 2015 order (a) by

releasing the remaining $8,000 in seized currency and (b) filing and serving upon Smith

a complete inventory, showing all of the seized property and any disposition; 

(3) Smith is DIRECTED to name a point of contact to the government for return

of his non-cash property no later than January 15, 2017; and

(4) Smith’s motion for a hearing on the Motion to Enforce (DE 22) is DENIED.

SO ORDERED. 

ENTERED: December 15, 2016.

 s/ Philip P. Simon 

CHIEF JUDGE

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

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