UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

NORTHERN DISTRICT OF INDIANA 

FORT WAYNE DIVISION

 

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA ) 

 ) 

 v. ) CAUSE NO.: 1:14-CR-14-TLS 

 ) 

RICHARD COUNCIL ) 

OPINION AND ORDER

 The Defendant, Richard Council, has moved for a reduction in his sentence pursuant to 

18 U.S.C. § 3582(c)(2) and Hughes v. United States, 138 S. Ct. 1765, 1776 (2018) [ECF No. 

455]. For the reasons set forth herein, the Court DENIES the Defendant’s Motion. 

On May 4, 2017, the Defendant pled guilty to two counts of a two-count Indictment. 

Count 1 charged Conspiracy to Possess with Intent to Distribute 5 Kilograms or More of 

Cocaine, in violation of 21 U.S.C. § 846 and Count 2 charged Possession of a Firearm in 

Furtherance of a Drug Trafficking Crime, in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 924(c). On March 26, 2018, 

the Court sentenced the Defendant to 135 months on Count 1 and 60 months on Count 2, to run 

consecutive to Count 1. 

There are limited grounds to revisit a sentence after it is imposed. See United States v. 

Goode, 342 F.3d 741, 743 (7th Cir. 2003). Rule 35 allows adjustment of a sentence in three 

circumstances only: the judge may correct arithmetical, technical or other clear errors within 

seven days; the judge may correct a sentence on remand following an appeal; and the judge may 

reduce a sentence on a prosecutor’s motion to reward substantial assistance that occurs after the 

date of sentencing. United States v. Zingsheim, 384 F.3d 867, 871 (7th Cir. 2004). 18 U.S.C. § 

3582 also defines the circumstances under which district courts may modify sentences and 

otherwise prohibits district courts from doing so, unless “expressly permitted by statute or by 
2 

Rule 35 of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure.” 18 U.S.C. § 3582(c)(1)(B). The exception 

in § 3582(c)(2) provides that “[i]n the case of a defendant who has been sentenced to a term of 

imprisonment based on a sentencing range that has subsequently been lowered by the Sentencing 

Commission . . . the court may reduce the term of imprisonment, after considering the factors set 

forth in section 3553(a) to the extent that they are applicable, if such a reduction is consistent 

with applicable policy statements issued by the Sentencing Commission.” § 3582(c)(2). 

The Defendant’s Motion is predicated on the assertion that he entered into a “Type-C 

Plea Agreement.” The is a reference to Federal Rule of Criminal Procedure 11(c)(1)(C), which is 

an agreement that binds the court once the court accepts the plea agreement. The Defendant’s 

Plea Agreement [ECF No. 220] with the Government contained only recommendations that were 

nonbinding on the Court. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 11(c)(1)(B). Accordingly, the holding in Hughes, 

that a defendant whose sentence was imposed pursuant to such an agreement may seek a 

reduction when the Guidelines range is amended, has no bearing in this case. In any event, there 

have been no retroactive amendments to the Sentencing Guidelines since March 26, 2018, the 

date the Defendant’s sentence was imposed. Thus, he was not sentenced based on a sentencing 

range that has subsequently been lowered. 

The Defendant asserts that his § 924(c) conviction would have been deemed 

unconstitutional. Even if that were an appropriate argument to make in the context of § 3582(c), 

it is not accurate. The “residual clause” that the Defendant references applies to the definition of 

a “crime of violence” and has no application to his possession of a firearm in furtherance of a 

“drug trafficking crime.” See Davila v. United States, 843 F.3d 729, 730–31 (7th Cir. 2016) 

(concluding that a conviction under section 924(c) for use of a firearm in furtherance of a drug 
3 

offense is not rendered infirm by the Supreme Court’s holding in Johnson). This case involves 

no valid grounds for a sentence reduction under 18 U.S.C. § 3582(c)(2). 

CONCLUSION 

For the reason stated, the Defendant’s Motion [ECF No. 455] is DENIED. 

SO ORDERED on March 25, 2019. 

 

 s/ Theresa L. Springmann 

CHIEF JUDGE THERESA L. SPRINGMANN 

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT