Quarterly Banking Profile

Fourth Quarter 2023 All FDIC-Insured Institutions

Notes to Users

This publication contains financial data and other 

information for depository institutions insured by the 

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC). These 

notes are an integral part of this publication and provide 

information regarding the comparability of source data 

and reporting differences over time.

Tables I-A through VIII-A.

The information presented in Tables I-A through VIII-A 

of the FDIC Quarterly Banking Profile is aggregated for all 

FDIC-insured Call Report filers, both commercial banks 

and savings institutions. Some tables are arrayed by 

groups of FDIC-insured institutions based on 

predominant types of asset concentration, while other 

tables aggregate institutions by asset size and geographic 

region. Quarterly and full-year data are provided for 

selected indicators, including aggregate condition and 

income data, performance ratios, condition ratios, and 

structural changes, as well as past due, noncurrent, and

charge-off information for loans outstanding and other 

assets.

Tables I-B through VI-B. 

The information presented in Tables I-B through VI-B is 

aggregated for all FDIC-insured commercial banks and 

savings institutions meeting the criteria for community 

banks that were developed for the FDIC’s Community 

Banking Study, published in December, 2012:

https://www.fdic.gov/resources/communitybanking/cbi-study.html. 

The determination of which insured institutions are 

considered community banks is based on five steps.

The first step in defining a community bank is to aggregate all charter-level data reported under each holding 

company into a single banking organization. This 

aggregation applies both to balance-sheet measures and 

the number and location of banking offices. Under the 

FDIC definition, if the banking organization is designated 

as a community bank, every charter reporting under that 

organization is also considered a community bank when 

working with data at the charter level. 

The second step is to exclude any banking organization 

where more than 50 percent of total assets are held in 

certain specialty banking charters, including: credit card 

specialists, consumer nonbank banks, industrial loan companies, trust companies, bankers’ banks, and banks holding 10 

percent or more of total assets in foreign offices. 

Once the specialty organizations are removed, the third 

step involves including organizations that engage in basic 

banking activities as measured by the total loans-toassets ratio (greater than 33 percent) and the ratio of core 

deposits to assets (greater than 50 percent). Core deposits 

are defined as non-brokered deposits in domestic offices. 

Analysis of the underlying data shows that these 

thresholds establish meaningful levels of basic lending 

and deposit gathering and still allow for a degree of 

diversity in how individual banks construct their balance 

sheets.

The fourth step includes organizations that operate 

within a limited geographic scope. This limitation of 

scope is used as a proxy measure for a bank’s relationship 

approach to banking. Banks that operate within a limited 

market area have more ease in managing relationships at 

a personal level. Under this step, four criteria are applied 

to each banking organization. They include both a 

minimum and maximum number of total banking offices, 

a maximum level of deposits for any one office, and 

location-based criteria. The limits on the number of and 

deposits per office are adjusted upward quarterly. For 

banking offices, banks must have more than one office, 

and the maximum number of offices is 40 in 1985 and 

reached 104 in 2023. The maximum level of deposits for 

any one office is $1.25 billion in deposits in 1985 and 

reached $10.28 billion in deposits in 2023. The remaining 

geographic limitations are also based on maximums for 

the number of states (fixed at 3) and large metropolitan 

areas (fixed at 2) in which the organization maintains 

offices. Branch office data are based on the most recent 

data from the annual June 30 Summary of Deposits Survey

that are available at the time of publication. 

Finally, the definition establishes an asset-size limit, also 

adjusted upward quarterly and below which the limits on 

banking activities and geographic scope are waived. The 

asset-size limit is $250 million in 1985 and reached $2.06

billion in 2023. This final step acknowledges the fact that 

most of those small banks that are not excluded as 

specialty banks meet the requirements for banking 

activities and geographic limits in any event.

Summary of FDIC Research Definition of Community 

Banking Organizations 

Community banks are designated at the level of the 

banking. 

(All charters under designated holding companies are 

considered community banking charters.) 

Exclude: Any organization with: 

 − No loans or no core deposits 

 − Assets held in foreign branches > 10% of total assets 

 − More than 50% of assets in certain specialty banks, 

 including: 

• credit card specialists 

• consumer nonbank banks1

 

• industrial loan companies 

• trust companies 

• bankers’ banks 
Quarterly Banking Profile

Fourth Quarter 2023 All FDIC-Insured Institutions

Include: All remaining banking organizations with:

 - Total assets < indexed size threshold2

 - Total assets ≥ indexed size threshold, where: 

• Loan to assets > 33% 

• Core deposits to assets > 50%

• More than 1 office but no more than the indexed 

maximum number of offices.3

• Number of large MSAs with offices ≤ 2 

• Number of states with offices ≤ 3 

• No single office with deposits > indexed 

maximum branch deposit size.4

1 Consumer nonbank banks are financial institutions with limited charters 

that can make commercial loans or take deposits, but not both. 

2 Asset size threshold indexed to equal $250 million in 1985 and $2.06 

billion in 2023. 3 Maximum number of offices indexed to equal 40 in 1985 and 104 in 2023. 4 Maximum branch deposit size indexed to equal $1.25 billion in 1985 and 

$10.28 billion in 2023. 

Tables I-C through IV-C. 

A separate set of tables (Tables I-C through IV-C) 

provides comparative quarterly data related to the 

Deposit Insurance Fund (DIF), problem institutions, 

failed institutions, estimated FDIC-insured deposits, as 

well as assessment rate information. Depository 

institutions that are not insured by the FDIC through the 

DIF are not included in the FDIC Quarterly Banking Profile. 

U.S. branches of institutions headquartered in foreign 

countries and non-deposit trust companies are not 

included unless otherwise indicated. Efforts are made to 

obtain financial reports for all active institutions. 

However, in some cases, final financial reports are not 

available for institutions that have closed or converted 

their charters.

DATA SOURCES

The financial information appearing in this publication is 

obtained primarily from the Federal Financial 

Institutions Examination Council (FFIEC) Consolidated 

Reports of Condition and Income (Call Reports) and the OTS 

Thrift Financial Reports (TFR) submitted by all FDICinsured depository institutions. (TFR filers began filing 

Call Reports effective with the quarter ending March 31, 

2012.) This information is stored on and retrieved from 

the FDIC’s Research Information System (RIS) database.

COMPUTATION METHODOLOGY

Parent institutions are required to file consolidated 

reports, while their subsidiary financial institutions are 

still required to file separate reports. Data from subsidiary 

institution reports are included in the Quarterly Banking 

Profile tables, which can lead to double-counting. No 

adjustments are made for any double-counting of 

subsidiary data. Additionally, certain adjustments are 

made to the OTS Thrift Financial Reports to provide closer 

conformance with the reporting and accounting 

requirements of the FFIEC Call Reports. (TFR filers began 

filing Call Reports effective with the quarter ending 

March 31, 2012.) 

All condition and performance ratios represent weighted 

averages, which is the sum of the individual numerator 

values divided by the sum of individual denominator 

values. All asset and liability figures used in calculating 

performance ratios represent average amounts for the 

period (beginning-of-period amount plus end-of-period 

amount plus any interim periods, divided by the total 

number of periods). For “pooling-of-interest” mergers, 

the assets of the acquired institution(s) are included in 

average assets, since the year-to-date income includes 

the results of all merged institutions. No adjustments are 

made for “purchase accounting” mergers. Growth rates 

represent the percentage change over a 12-month period 

in totals for institutions in the base period to totals for 

institutions in the current period. For the community 

bank subgroup, growth rates will reflect changes over 

time in the number and identities of institutions 

designated as community banks, as well as changes in the 

assets and liabilities, and income and expenses of group 

members. Unless indicated otherwise, growth rates are 

not adjusted for mergers or other changes in the 

composition of the community bank subgroup. When 

community bank growth rates are adjusted for mergers, 

prior period balances used in the calculations represent 

totals for the current group of community bank reporters, 

plus prior period amounts for any institutions that were 

subsequently merged into current community banks.

All data are collected and presented based on the location 

of each reporting institution's main office. Reported data 

may include assets and liabilities located outside of the 

reporting institution’s home state. In addition, 

institutions may relocate across state lines or change 

their charters, resulting in an inter-regional or interindustry migration; institutions can move their home 

offices between regions, savings institutions can convert 

to commercial banks, or commercial banks may convert 

to savings institutions.

ACCOUNTING CHANGES

Financial accounting pronouncements by the Financial 

Accounting Standards Board (FASB) can result in changes 

in an individual bank’s accounting policies and in the Call 

Reports they submit. Such accounting changes can affect 

the aggregate amounts presented in the QBP for the 

current period and the period-to-period comparability of 

such financial data. 

The current quarter’s Financial Institution Letter 

(FIL) and related Call Report supplemental instructions 

can provide additional explanation to the QBP reader 

beyond any material accounting changes discussed in the 

QBP analysis.

https://www.fdic.gov/news/financial-institution-
Quarterly Banking Profile

Fourth Quarter 2023 All FDIC-Insured Institutions

letters/2024/fil24001.html 

https://www.fdic.gov/resources/bankers/callreports/index.html

Further information on changes in financial statement 

presentation, income recognition and disclosure is 

available from the FASB. 

https://www.fasb.org/standards 

DEFINITIONS (in alphabetical order)

All other assets – total cash, balances due from 

depository institutions, premises, fixed assets, direct 

investments in real estate, investment in unconsolidated 

subsidiaries, customers’ liability on acceptances 

outstanding, assets held in trading accounts, federal 

funds sold, securities purchased with agreements to 

resell, fair market value of derivatives, prepaid deposit 

insurance assessments, and other assets.

All other liabilities – bank's liability on acceptances, 

limited-life preferred stock, allowance for estimated offbalance-sheet credit losses, fair market value of 

derivatives, and other liabilities. 

Assessment base – Effective April 1, 2011, the deposit 

insurance assessment base changed to “average 

consolidated total assets minus average tangible equity” 

with an additional adjustment to the assessment base for 

banker’s banks and custodial banks. Previously, the 

assessment base consisted of deposit liabilities after 

exclusions. 

Assessment rate schedule – Initial base assessment 

rates for small institutions (except new institutions) are

based on a combination of financial ratios and CAMELS 

component ratings. Initial rates for large institutions—

generally those with at least $10 billion in assets—are 

also based on CAMELS component ratings and certain 

financial measures combined into two scorecards—one 

for most large institutions and another for the remaining 

very large institutions that are structurally and 

operationally complex or that pose unique challenges and 

risks in case of failure (highly complex institutions). The 

FDIC may take additional information into account to 

make a limited adjustment to a large institution’s 

scorecard results, which are used to determine a large 

institution’s initial base assessment rate. 

Initial rates for small institutions are subject to 

minimums and maximums based on an institution’s 

CAMELS composite rating. 

The current assessment rate schedule became effective 

January 1, 2023. Under the current schedule, initial base 

assessment rates range from 5 to 32 basis points. An 

institution’s total base assessment rate may differ from 

its initial rate due to three possible adjustments: (1) 

Unsecured Debt Adjustment: An institution’s rate may 

decrease by up to 5 basis points for unsecured debt. The 

unsecured debt adjustment cannot exceed the lesser of 5 

basis points or 50 percent of an institution’s initial base 

assessment rate (IBAR). Thus, for example, an institution 

with an IBAR of 5 basis points would have a maximum 

unsecured debt adjustment of 2.5 basis points and could 

not have a total base assessment rate lower than 2.5 basis 

points. (2) Depository Institution Debt Adjustment: For 

institutions that hold long-term unsecured debt issued by 

another insured depository institution, a 50 basis point 

charge is applied to the amount of such debt held in 

excess of 3 percent of an institution’s Tier 1 capital. (3) 

Brokered Deposit Adjustment: Rates for large institutions 

that are not well capitalized or do not have a composite 

CAMELS rating of 1 or 2 may increase (not to exceed 10 

basis points) if their brokered deposits exceed 10 percent 

of domestic deposits. 

The assessment rate schedule effective January 1, 2023, is 

shown in the following table: 

Total Base Assessment Rates*

Established Small Banks Large &

Highly

Complex 

Institutions CAMELS Composite

1 or 2 3 4 or 5

Initial Base 

Assessment Rate 5 to 18 8 to 32 18 to 32 5 to 32 

Unsecured Debt 

Adjustment -5 to 0 -5 to 0 -5 to 0 -5 to 0

Brokered Deposit 

Adjustment N/A N/A N/A 0 to 10

Total Base 

Assessment Rate 2.5 to 18 4 to 32 13 to 32 2.5 to 42 

* All amounts for all categories are in basis points annually. Total base 

rates that are not the minimum or maximum rate will vary between 

these rates. Total base assessment rates do not include the depository 

institution debt adjustment.

Each institution is assigned a risk-based rate for a 

quarterly assessment period near the end of the quarter 

following the assessment period. Payment is generally 

due on the 30th day of the last month of the quarter 

following the assessment period. Supervisory rating 

changes are effective for assessment purposes as of the 

examination transmittal date.

Assets securitized and sold – total outstanding 

principal balance of assets securitized and sold with 

servicing retained or other seller-provided credit 

enhancements.

Capital Purchase Program (CPP) – As announced in 

October 2008 under the TARP, the Treasury Department 

purchase of noncumulative perpetual preferred stock and 
Quarterly Banking Profile

Fourth Quarter 2023 All FDIC-Insured Institutions

related warrants that is treated as Tier 1 capital for 

regulatory capital purposes is included in “Total equity 

capital.” Such warrants to purchase common stock or 

noncumulative preferred stock issued by publicly-traded 

banks are reflected as well in “Surplus.” Warrants to 

purchase common stock or noncumulative preferred 

stock of not-publicly-traded bank stock are classified in a 

bank’s balance sheet as “Other liabilities.”

Common equity Tier 1 capital ratio – ratio of 

common equity Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets. 

Common equity Tier 1 capital includes common stock 

instruments and related surplus, retained earnings, 

accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI), and 

limited amounts of common equity Tier 1 minority 

interest, minus applicable regulatory adjustments and 

deductions. Items that are fully deducted from common 

equity Tier 1 capital include goodwill, other intangible 

assets (excluding mortgage servicing assets) and certain 

deferred tax assets; items that are subject to limits in 

common equity Tier 1 capital include mortgage servicing 

assets, eligible deferred tax assets, and certain significant 

investments. Beginning March 2020, this ratio does not 

include institutions that have a Community Bank 

Leverage Ratio election in effect at the report date.

Construction and development loans – includes 

loans for all property types under construction, as well as 

loans for land acquisition and development.

Core capital – common equity capital plus 

noncumulative perpetual preferred stock plus minority 

interest in consolidated subsidiaries, less goodwill and 

other ineligible intangible assets. The amount of eligible 

intangibles (including servicing rights) included in core 

capital is limited in accordance with supervisory capital 

regulations. 

Cost of funding earning assets – total interest 

expense paid on deposits and other borrowed money as a 

percentage of average earning assets.

Credit enhancements – techniques whereby a 

company attempts to reduce the credit risk of its 

obligations. Credit enhancement may be provided by a 

third party (external credit enhancement) or by the 

originator (internal credit enhancement), and more than 

one type of enhancement may be associated with a given 

issuance. 

Deposit Insurance Fund (DIF) – the Bank (BIF) and 

Savings Association (SAIF) Insurance Funds were merged 

in 2006 by the Federal Deposit Insurance Reform Act to 

form the DIF.

Deposits liabilities after exclusions – amount equal 

to gross total deposit liabilities meeting the statutory 

definition of a deposit in Section 3(l) of the Federal 

Deposit Insurance Act, before deducting allowable 

exclusions. Deposit liabilities after exclusions may differ 

from amounts reported for total deposits or total 

domestic deposits due to adjustments made to align with 

the determination of deposit insurance coverage in the 

event of a bank failure, including reporting based on an 

unconsolidated single FDIC certificate number basis.

Derivatives notional amount – the notional, or 

contractual, amounts of derivatives represent the level of 

involvement in the types of derivatives transactions and 

are not a quantification of market risk or credit risk. 

Notional amounts represent the amounts used to 

calculate contractual cash flows to be exchanged.

Derivatives credit equivalent amount – the fair value 

of the derivative plus an additional amount for potential 

future credit exposure based on the notional amount, the 

remaining maturity and type of the contract. 

Derivatives transaction types:

Futures and forward contracts – contracts in which 

the buyer agrees to purchase and the seller agrees to 

sell, at a specified future date, a specific quantity of an 

underlying variable or index at a specified price or 

yield. These contracts exist for a variety of variables or 

indices, (traditional agricultural or physical 

commodities, as well as currencies and interest rates). 

Futures contracts are standardized and are traded on 

organized exchanges which set limits on counterparty 

credit exposure. Forward contracts do not have 

standardized terms and are traded over the counter.

Option contracts – contracts in which the buyer 

acquires the right to buy from or sell to another party 

some specified amount of an underlying variable or 

index at a stated price (strike price) during a period or 

on a specified future date, in return for compensation 

(such as a fee or premium). The seller is obligated to 

purchase or sell the variable or index at the discretion 

of the buyer of the contract.

Swaps – obligations between two parties to exchange a 

series of cash flows at periodic intervals (settlement 

dates), for a specified period. The cash flows of a swap 

are either fixed, or determined for each settlement date 

by multiplying the quantity (notional principal) of the 

underlying variable or index by specified reference 

rates or prices. Except for currency swaps, the notional 

principal is used to calculate each payment but is not 

exchanged.

Derivatives underlying risk exposure – the potential 

exposure characterized by the level of banks’ 

concentration in particular underlying instruments, in 

general. Exposure can result from market risk, credit risk, 

and operational risk, as well as, interest rate risk.

Domestic deposits to total assets – total domestic 

office deposits as a percent of total assets on a 

consolidated basis.
Quarterly Banking Profile

Fourth Quarter 2023 All FDIC-Insured Institutions

Earning assets – all loans and other investments that 

earn interest or dividend income.

Efficiency ratio – Noninterest expense less 

amortization of intangible assets as a percent of net 

interest income plus noninterest income. This ratio 

measures the proportion of net operating revenues that 

are absorbed by overhead expenses, so that a lower value 

indicates greater efficiency.

Estimated insured deposits – In general, insured 

deposits are total deposit liabilities after exclusions 

minus estimated uninsured deposits. Beginning 

September 30, 2009, insured deposits reflect an increase 

in the FDIC’s standard maximum deposit insurance 

amount from $100,000 to $250,000. From December 31, 

2010, through December 31, 2012, insured deposits also 

include all funds held in noninterest-bearing transaction 

accounts, without limit.

Estimated uninsured deposits – In general, 

institutions with $1 billion or more in total assets report 

estimated uninsured deposits in domestic offices of the 

bank and in insured branches in Puerto Rico and U.S. 

territories and possessions, including related interest 

accrued and unpaid. For institutions that do not report 

estimated uninsured deposits, the FDIC calculates this 

amount as the amount of deposit and retirement accounts 

with balances greater than the standard maximum 

deposit insurance amount (SMDIA), currently $250,000, 

minus the portion that is insured. The amount that is 

insured is estimated by multiplying the number of 

accounts with balances greater than the SMDIA, as 

reported on the Call Report, by the SMDIA. For example, 

under the current SMDIA, if an institution reports a 

number and amount of deposit and retirement accounts 

with balances greater than $250,000 of 1,000 and $500 

million, respectively, estimated uninsured deposits as 

calculated by the FDIC would equal $250 million 

($500,000,000 – 1,000 * $250,000).

Failed/assisted institutions – An institution fails 

when regulators take control of the institution, placing 

the assets and liabilities into a bridge bank, 

conservatorship, receivership, or another healthy 

institution. This action may require the FDIC to provide 

funds to cover losses. An institution is defined as 

“assisted” when the institution remains open and 

receives assistance in order to continue operating. 

Fair Value – the valuation of various assets and 

liabilities on the balance sheet—including trading assets 

and liabilities, available-for-sale securities, loans held 

for sale, assets and liabilities accounted for under the fair 

value option, and foreclosed assets—involves the use of 

fair values. During periods of market stress, the fair 

values of some financial instruments and nonfinancial 

assets may decline.

FHLB advances – all borrowings by FDIC-insured 

institutions from the Federal Home Loan Bank System 

(FHLB), as reported by Call Report filers, and by TFR filers

prior to March 31, 2012.

Goodwill and other intangibles – Intangible assets 

include servicing rights, purchased credit card 

relationships, and other identifiable intangible assets. 

Goodwill is the excess of the purchase price over the fair 

market value of the net assets acquired, less subsequent 

impairment adjustments. Other intangible assets are 

recorded at fair value, less subsequent quarterly 

amortization and impairment adjustments. 

Liquidity ratio – liquid assets to total assets. Liquid 

assets include cash, federal funds sold, and securities 

including unrealized gains/losses on held-to-maturity 

securities less pledged securities.

Loans secured by real estate – includes home equity 

loans, junior liens secured by 1-4 family residential 

properties, and all other loans secured by real estate.

Loans to individuals – includes outstanding credit card 

balances and other secured and unsecured consumer 

loans.

Long-term assets (5+ years) – loans and debt 

securities with remaining maturities or repricing 

intervals of over five years.

Maximum credit exposure – the maximum 

contractual credit exposure remaining under recourse 

arrangements and other seller-provided credit 

enhancements provided by the reporting bank to 

securitizations.

Mortgage-backed securities – certificates of 

participation in pools of residential mortgages and 

collateralized mortgage obligations issued or guaranteed 

by government-sponsored or private enterprises. Also, 

see “Securities,” below.

Net charge-offs – total loans and leases charged off 

(removed from balance sheet because of uncollectability), 

less amounts recovered on loans and leases previously 

charged off.

Net interest margin – the difference between interest 

and dividends earned on interest-bearing assets and 

interest paid to depositors and other creditors, expressed 

as a percentage of average earning assets. No adjustments 

are made for interest income that is tax exempt.

Net loans to total assets – loans and lease financing 

receivables, net of unearned income, allowance and 

reserves, as a percent of total assets on a consolidated 

basis.

Net operating income – income excluding 

discretionary transactions such as gains (or losses) on the 

sale of investment securities and extraordinary items. 
Quarterly Banking Profile

Fourth Quarter 2023 All FDIC-Insured Institutions

Income taxes subtracted from operating income have 

been adjusted to exclude the portion applicable to 

securities gains (or losses).

Noncurrent assets – the sum of loans, leases, debt 

securities, and other assets that are 90 days or more past 

due, or in nonaccrual status. 

Noncurrent loans & leases – the sum of loans and 

leases 90 days or more past due, and loans and leases in 

nonaccrual status.

Number of institutions reporting – the number of 

institutions that actually filed a financial report.

New reporters – insured institutions filing quarterly 

financial reports for the first time.

Other borrowed funds – federal funds purchased, 

securities sold with agreements to repurchase, demand 

notes issued to the U.S. Treasury, FHLB advances, other 

borrowed money, mortgage indebtedness, obligations 

under capitalized leases and trading liabilities, less 

revaluation losses on assets held in trading accounts.

Other real estate owned – primarily foreclosed 

property. Direct and indirect investments in real estate 

ventures are excluded. The amount is reflected net of 

valuation allowances. For institutions that filed a Thrift 

Financial Report (TFR), the valuation allowance 

subtracted also includes allowances for other repossessed 

assets. Also, for TFR filers the components of other real 

estate owned are reported gross of valuation allowances. 

(TFR filers began filing Call Reports effective with the 

quarter ending March 31, 2012.) 

Percent of institutions with earnings gains – the 

percent of institutions that increased their net income (or 

decreased their losses) compared to the same period a 

year earlier.

“Problem” institutions – Federal regulators assign a 

composite rating to each financial institution, based upon 

an evaluation of financial and operational criteria. The 

rating is based on a scale of 1 to 5 in ascending order of 

supervisory concern. “Problem” institutions are those 

institutions with financial, operational, or managerial 

weaknesses that threaten their continued financial 

viability. Depending upon the degree of risk and 

supervisory concern, they are rated either a “4” or “5.” 

The number and assets of “problem” institutions are 

based on FDIC composite ratings. Prior to March 31, 2008, 

for institutions whose primary federal regulator was the 

OTS, the OTS composite rating was used. 

Recourse – an arrangement in which a bank retains, in 

form or in substance, any credit risk directly or indirectly 

associated with an asset it has sold (in accordance with 

generally accepted accounting principles) that exceeds a 

pro rata share of the bank’s claim on the asset. If a bank 

has no claim on an asset it has sold, then the retention of 

any credit risk is recourse.

Reserves for losses – the allowance for loan and lease 

losses on a consolidated basis. 

Restructured loans and leases – loan and lease 

financing receivables with terms restructured from the 

original contract. Excludes restructured loans and leases 

that are not in compliance with the modified terms.

Retained earnings – net income less cash dividends on 

common and preferred stock for the reporting period.

Return on assets – bank net income (including gains or 

losses on securities and extraordinary items) as a 

percentage of average total (consolidated) assets. The 

basic yardstick of bank profitability.

Return on equity – bank net income (including gains or 

losses on securities and extraordinary items) as a 

percentage of average total equity capital. 

Risk-weighted assets – assets adjusted for risk-based 

capital definitions which include on-balance-sheet as 

well as off-balance-sheet items multiplied by riskweights that range from zero to 200 percent. A conversion 

factor is used to assign a balance sheet equivalent amount 

for selected off-balance-sheet accounts.

Securities – excludes securities held in trading accounts. 

Banks’ securities portfolios consist of securities 

designated as “held-to-maturity” (reported at amortized 

cost (book value)), securities designated as “availablefor-sale” (reported at fair (market) value), and equity 

securities with readily determinable fair values not held 

for trading. 

Securities gains (losses) – realized gains (losses) on 

held-to-maturity and available-for-sale securities, 

before adjustments for income taxes. Thrift Financial 

Report (TFR) filers also include gains (losses) on the sales 

of assets held for sale. (TFR filers began filing Call 

Reports effective with the quarter ending March 31, 2012.) 

Seller’s interest in institution’s own

securitizations – the reporting bank’s ownership 

interest in loans and other assets that have been 

securitized, except an interest that is a form of recourse 

or other seller-provided credit enhancement. Seller’s 

interests differ from the securities issued to investors by 

the securitization structure. The principal amount of a 

seller’s interest is generally equal to the total principal 

amount of the pool of assets included in the securitization 

structure less the principal amount of those assets 

attributable to investors, i.e., in the form of securities 

issued to investors.

Small Business Lending Fund – The Small Business 

Lending Fund (SBLF) was enacted into law in September 

2010 as part of the Small Business Jobs Act of 2010 to 

encourage lending to small businesses by providing 

capital to qualified community institutions with assets of 
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Fourth Quarter 2023 All FDIC-Insured Institutions

less than $10 billion. The SBLF Program is administered 

by the U.S. Treasury Department

(https://home.treasury.gov/policy-issues/smallbusiness-programs/small-business-lending-fund). 

Under the SBLF Program, the Treasury Department 

purchased noncumulative perpetual preferred stock from 

qualifying depository institutions and holding companies 

(other than Subchapter S and mutual institutions). When 

this stock has been issued by a depository institution, it is 

reported as “Perpetual preferred stock and related 

surplus.” For regulatory capital purposes, this 

noncumulative perpetual preferred stock qualifies as a 

component of Tier 1 capital. Qualifying Subchapter S 

corporations and mutual institutions issue unsecured 

subordinated debentures to the Treasury Department 

through the SBLF. Depository institutions that issued 

these debentures report them as “Subordinated notes and 

debentures.” For regulatory capital purposes, the 

debentures are eligible for inclusion in an institution’s 

Tier 2 capital in accordance with their primary federal 

regulator’s capital standards. To participate in the SBLF 

Program, an institution with outstanding securities 

issued to the Treasury Department under the Capital 

Purchase Program (CPP) was required to refinance or 

repay in full the CPP securities at the time of the SBLF 

funding. Any outstanding warrants that an institution 

issued to the Treasury Department under the CPP remain 

outstanding after the refinancing of the CPP stock 

through the SBLF Program unless the institution chooses 

to repurchase them. 

Subchapter S Corporation – A Subchapter S 

corporation is treated as a pass-through entity, similar to 

a partnership, for federal income tax purposes. It is 

generally not subject to any federal income taxes at the 

corporate level. This can have the effect of reducing 

institutions’ reported taxes and increasing their after-tax 

earnings. 

Trust assets – market value, or other reasonably 

available value of fiduciary and related assets, to include 

marketable securities, and other financial and physical 

assets. Common physical assets held in fiduciary accounts 

include real estate, equipment, collectibles, and 

household goods. Such fiduciary assets are not included 

in the assets of the financial institution.

Unearned income and contra accounts – unearned 

income for Call Report filers only. 

Unused loan commitments – includes credit card 

lines, home equity lines, commitments to make loans for 

construction, loans secured by commercial real estate, 

and unused commitments to originate or purchase loans. 

(Excluded are commitments after June 2003 for 

originated mortgage loans held for sale, which are 

accounted for as derivatives on the balance sheet.)

Yield on earning assets – total interest, dividend, and 

fee income earned on loans and investments as a 

percentage of average earning assets.