31910 Federal Register / Vol. 86, No. 114 / Wednesday, June 16, 2021 / Rules and Regulations 

Comp., p. 786; Notice of September 18, 2020, 

85 FR 59641 (September 22, 2020); Notice of 

November 12, 2020, 85 FR 72897 (November 

13, 2020). 

Supplement No. 4 to Part 744 

[Amended] 

■ 2. Supplement No. 4 to part 744 is 

amended: 

■ a. Under FRANCE by removing the 

entry for ‘‘Satori Corporation’’; and 

■ b. Under the UNITED ARAB 

EMIRATES by removing the entry for 

‘‘Satori Corporation.’’ 

Matthew S. Borman, 

Deputy Assistant Secretary for Export 

Administration. 

[FR Doc. 2021–12751 Filed 6–15–21; 8:45 am] 

BILLING CODE 3510–33–P 

DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND 

SECURITY 

U.S. Customs and Border Protection 

DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY 

19 CFR Part 12 

[CBP Dec. 21–09] 

RIN 1515–AE64 

Import Restrictions Imposed on 

Categories of Archaeological and 

Ethnological Material of Turkey 

AGENCY: U.S. Customs and Border 

Protection, Department of Homeland 

Security; Department of the Treasury. 

ACTION: Final rule. 

SUMMARY: This final rule amends the 

U.S. Customs and Border Protection 

(CBP) regulations to reflect the 

imposition of import restrictions on 

certain categories of archaeological and 

ethnological material from the Republic 

of Turkey (Turkey). These restrictions 

are being imposed pursuant to an 

agreement between the United States 

and Turkey that has been entered into 

under the authority of the Convention 

on Cultural Property Implementation 

Act. This final rule amends the CBP 

regulations by adding Turkey to the list 

of countries which have a bilateral 

agreement with the United States that 

imposes cultural property import 

restrictions. This final rule also contains 

the Designated List that describes the 

types of archaeological and ethnological 

material to which the restrictions apply. 

DATES: Effective on June 16, 2021. 

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: For 

legal aspects, Lisa L. Burley, Chief, 

Cargo Security, Carriers and Restricted 

Merchandise Branch, Regulations and 

Rulings, Office of Trade, (202) 325– 

0300, ot-otrrculturalproperty@

cbp.dhs.gov. For operational aspects, 

Pinky Khan, Branch Chief, Commercial 

Targeting and Analysis Center, Trade 

Policy and Programs, Office of Trade, 

(202) 325–3839, CTAC@cbp.dhs.gov. 

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: 

Background 

The Convention on Cultural Property 

Implementation Act, Public Law 97– 

446, 19 U.S.C. 2601 et seq. (hereinafter, 

‘‘the Cultural Property Implementation 

Act’’) implements the 1970 United 

Nations Educational, Scientific and 

Cultural Organization (UNESCO) 

Convention on the Means of Prohibiting 

and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export 

and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural 

Property (hereinafter, ‘‘the Convention’’ 

(823 U.N.T.S. 231 (1972)). Pursuant to 

the Cultural Property Implementation 

Act, the United States entered into a 

bilateral agreement with the Republic of 

Turkey (Turkey) to impose import 

restrictions on certain archaeological 

and ethnological material from Turkey. 

This rule announces that the United 

States is now imposing import 

restrictions on certain archaeological 

and ethnological material from Turkey. 

Determinations 

Under 19 U.S.C. 2602(a)(1), the 

United States must make certain 

determinations before entering into an 

agreement to impose import restrictions 

under 19 U.S.C. 2602(a)(2). On March 

27, 2020, the Assistant Secretary for 

Educational and Cultural Affairs, United 

States Department of State, after 

consultation with and recommendation 

by the Cultural Property Advisory 

Committee, made the determinations 

required under the statute with respect 

to certain archaeological and 

ethnological material originating in 

Turkey that is described in the 

Designated List set forth below in this 

document. 

These determinations include the 

following: (1) That the cultural 

patrimony of Turkey is in jeopardy from 

the pillage of archaeological material 

representing Turkey’s cultural heritage 

dating from approximately 1.2 million 

years ago to A.D. 1770, and ethnological 

material dating from approximately the 

1st century A.D. to A.D. 1923; (2) that 

the Turkish government has taken 

measures consistent with the 

Convention to protect its cultural 

patrimony (19 U.S.C. 2602(a)(1)(B)); (3) 

that import restrictions imposed by the 

United States would be of substantial 

benefit in deterring a serious situation of 

pillage and remedies less drastic are not 

available (19 U.S.C. 2602(a)(1)(C)); and 

(4) that the application of import 

restrictions as set forth in this final rule 

is consistent with the general interests 

of the international community in the 

interchange of cultural property among 

nations for scientific, cultural, and 

educational purposes (19 U.S.C. 

2602(a)(1)(D)). The Assistant Secretary 

also found that the material described in 

the determinations meets the statutory 

definition of ‘‘archaeological or 

ethnological material of the State Party’’ 

(19 U.S.C. 2601(2)). 

The Agreement 

On January 19, 2021, the United 

States and Turkey signed a bilateral 

agreement, ‘‘Memorandum of 

Understanding between the Government 

of the United States of America and the 

Government of the Republic of Turkey 

Concerning the Imposition of Import 

Restrictions on Categories of 

Archaeological and Ethnological 

Material of Turkey’’ (‘‘the Agreement’’), 

pursuant to the provisions of 19 U.S.C. 

2602(a)(2). The Agreement entered into 

force on March 24, 2021, upon the 

exchange of diplomatic notes, and 

enables the promulgation of import 

restrictions on categories of 

archaeological material, ranging in date 

from approximately 1.2 million years 

ago to A.D. 1770, and ethnological 

material, ranging in date from the 1st 

century A.D. to A.D. 1923, representing 

Turkey’s cultural heritage. A list of the 

categories of archaeological and 

ethnological material subject to the 

import restrictions is set forth later in 

this document. 

Restriction and Amendment to the 

Regulations 

In accordance with the Agreement, 

importation of material designated 

below is subject to the restrictions of 19 

U.S.C. 2606 and § 12.104g(a) of title 19 

of the Code of Federal Regulations (19 

CFR 12.104g(a)) and will be restricted 

from entry into the United States unless 

the conditions set forth in 19 U.S.C. 

2606 and § 12.104c of the CBP 

Regulations (19 CFR 12.104c) are met. 

CBP is amending § 12.104g(a) of the CBP 

Regulations (19 CFR 12.104g(a)) to 

indicate that these import restrictions 

have been imposed. 

Import restrictions listed as 19 CFR 

12.104g(a) are effective for no more than 

five years beginning on the date on 

which the Agreement enters into force 

with respect to the United States. This 

period may be extended for additional 

periods of not more than five years if it 

is determined that the factors which 

justified the Agreement still pertain and 

no cause for suspension of the 

Agreement exists. The import 


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restrictions will expire on March 24, 

2026, unless extended. 

Designated List of Archaeological and 

Ethnological Material of Turkey 

The Agreement between the United 

States and Turkey includes, but is not 

limited to, the categories of objects 

described in the Designated List set 

forth below. Importation of material on 

this list is restricted unless the material 

is accompanied by documentation 

certifying that the material left Turkey 

legally and not in violation of the export 

laws of Turkey. 

The Designated List includes 

archaeological material from Turkey 

ranging in date from approximately 1.2 

million years ago to A.D. 1770, and 

ethnological material from Turkey from 

the 1st century A.D. to the end of the 

Ottoman Empire with the foundation of 

the Republic of Turkey in A.D. 1923. 

Categories of Archaeological and 

Ethnological Material 

I. Archaeological Material 

A. Stone 

B. Metal 

C. Ceramic, Terracotta, and Faience 

D. Bone, Ivory, and Other Organic Material 

E. Wood 

F. Glass 

G. Plaster and Stucco 

H. Textile 

I. Leather, Parchment, and Paper 

J. Rock Art, Paintings, and Drawings 

K. Mosaics 

II. Ethnological Material 

A. Architectural Elements 

B. Funerary Objects 

C. Ritual and Ceremonial Objects 

D. Paintings 

E. Written Records 

F. Military Material 

I. Archaeological Material 

Archaeological material covered by 

the Agreement includes material from 

Turkey ranging in date from 

approximately 1,200,000 B.C. to A.D. 

1770. Examples of archaeological 

material covered by the agreement 

include, but are not limited to, the 

following objects: 

Simplified Chronology 

Paleolithic: c. 1,200,000–10,000 B.C. 

Neolithic: c. 10,000–5500 B.C. 

Chalcolithic: c. 5500–3200 B.C. 

Bronze Age: 3200–1200 B.C. 

Hattis: 2500–2000 B.C. 

Assyrian Trade Colonies: 2000–1750 

B.C. 

Hittites: 1800–1200 B.C. 

Mycenaean: 1600–1200 B.C. 

Iron Age: 1200–750 B.C. 

Protogeometric and Geometric Periods: 

1100–700 B.C. 

Phyrigians: 1200–680 B.C. 

Neo-Hittite City States: 1200–700 B.C. 

Urartians: 900–580 B.C. 

Orientalizing Period: 750–600 B.C. 

Lydians: 700–540 B.C. 

Karians and Lykians: 700–300 B.C. 

Archaic Period: 650–474 B.C. 

Classical Period: 480–330 B.C. 

Persian Period: 546–331 B.C. 

Macedonian Empire and Hellenistic 

Period: 334–30 B.C. 

Roman Period: 130 B.C.–A.D. 395 

Byzantine (Eastern Roman) Period: A.D. 

395–1453 

Seljukian Period: A.D. 1071–1308 

Anatolian Beyliks Period: A.D. 1256– 

1522 

Islamic/Ottoman Period: A.D. 1299– 

1923 

A. Stone 

1. Sculpture 

a. Architectural Elements—Primarily 

in basalt, limestone, and marble; 

including blocks from walls, floors, and 

ceilings; acroterion, antefix, architrave, 

columns, capitals, bases, lintels, jambs, 

friezes, pediments, tympanum, metopes, 

and pilasters; doors, door frames, and 

window fittings; caryatids, columns, 

altars, prayer niches, mihrab, screens, 

wellheads, fountains, mosaics, and tiles. 

This category also includes relief and 

inlay sculpture that may have been part 

of a building, such as friezes of sculpted 

stone figures set into inlaid stone or 

bitumen backgrounds. May be plain, 

molded, carved, or inscribed. Decorative 

motifs may be incised or in high relief. 

Approximate date: 10th millennium 

B.C. to the 18th century A.D. 

b. Monuments and Stelae—Types 

include triumphal arches and columns, 

obelisk, herms, and stone blocks. This 

category also includes votive and 

funerary stelae with or without relief 

sculpture and/or inscriptions, usually in 

limestone, basalt, and marble. Common 

subject matter also includes human and 

animal figures, floral motifs, and 

geometric designs. Approximate date: 

10th millennium B.C. to the 18th 

century A.D. 

c. Sarcophagi and Ossuaries—In 

marble and limestone. The sides and 

lids of sarcophagi and ossuaries 

(osthoteks) may have relief sculptures of 

human and animal figures, inscriptions, 

monograms, and floral and geometric 

decoration. Approximate date: 10th 

millennium B.C. to the 18th century 

A.D. 

d. Large Statuary—Primarily in basalt 

and marble, some examples in 

limestone, steatite (soapstone), and 

other types of stone. Subject matter 

includes human, animal, and 

mythological figures, icons, busts, 

models, molds, and groups of figures in 

the round, as well as parts of figures 

commonly used for adoration such as 

hands, arms, and phallus. Approximate 

date: 10th millennium B.C. to the 18th 

century A.D. 

e. Small Statuary—This type includes 

humans, deities (idols), mythological 

creatures, animals, and groups of figures 

in the round, as well as parts of figures. 

Some early examples of human idols are 

stylized, such as ‘‘violin-shaped’’ 

figures. Approximate date: 10th 

millennium B.C. to the 18th century 

A.D. 

f. Small Scale Inlay Sculpture—Smallscale examples include flat, cut-out 

figures in light-colored stones set 

against dark stone or bitumen 

backgrounds. These may decorate boxes 

or furniture. Subject matter includes 

narrative scenes such as warfare and 

banquet scenes. Approximate date: 10th 

millennium B.C. to the 18th century 

A.D. 

g. Furniture—In limestone, basalt, and 

marble. Types include tables (trapezas), 

one-legged tables (monopodias), 

thrones, fulcras, and beds. Approximate 

date: 10th millennium B.C. to the 18th 

century A.D. 

2. Vessels—In marble, steatite, rock 

crystal, and other stone. These may 

belong to conventional shapes such as 

bowls, cups, jars, jugs, and lamps, or 

may occur in the shape of a human or 

animal, or part of human or animal. 

Approximate date: 10th millennium 

B.C. to the 18th century A.D. 

3. Tools and Weapons—In flint, 

quartz, obsidian, silex, limestone, and 

other hard stones. Types of stone tools 

include large and small blades, borers, 

scrapers, sickles, awls, harpoons, cores, 

and arrow heads. Ground stone types 

include grinders (e.g., mortars, pestles, 

millstones, whetstones), choppers, axes, 

hammers, molds, and mace heads. 

Approximate date: 1.2 million years ago 

to the 18th century A.D. 

4. Seals and Stamps—These are small 

devices with at least one side engraved 

with a design for stamping or sealing, 

often in marble, limestone, and various 

semiprecious stones including rock 

crystal, amethyst, jasper, agate, steatite, 

and carnelian. This category includes 

seals, scarabs and scaraboids, and gems 

engraved with a design, scene, pattern, 

or inscription. Shapes can include 

cylinders, buttons, and prismatic. 

Approximate date: 10th millennium 

B.C. to the 18th century A.D. 

5. Jewelry and Beads—Jewelry of or 

decorated with colored and semiprecious stones, including beads, 

necklaces, pendants, cameos, crowns, 

earrings, finger rings, bracelets, anklets, 

belts, girdles, pins, hair ornaments, and 

arm bands. May be incised or cut as 

gems or cameos. Approximate date: 1.2 

million years ago to the 18th century 

A.D. 


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B. Metal 

1. Sculpture 

a. Large Statuary and Portraits— 

Primarily in bronze, in a variety of 

styles. Subject matter includes human, 

animal, and mythological figures, icons, 

busts, and groups of figures in the 

round, as well as parts of figures 

commonly used for adoration such as 

hands, arms, and phallus. Sarcophagi 

lids, including kline lids with 

recumbent figures, are also included. 

Approximate date: 5th millennium B.C. 

to the 18th century A.D. 

b. Small Statuary—In bronze, copper, 

gold, silver, electrum, iron, and lead. 

Subject matter includes human, animal, 

and mythological figures. In early 

examples, idols representing deities for 

religious purposes may be very stylized, 

such as twin idols, or semi-circular 

idols. Approximate date: 5th 

millennium B.C. to the 18th century 

A.D. 

c. Reliefs—In bronze, copper, gold, 

silver, electrum, iron, and lead. Types 

include plaques, applique ́s, burial 

masks, and leaves. Approximate date: 

5th millennium B.C. to the 18th century 

A.D. 

d. Inscribed and Decorated Metal 

Sheets and Plates—In bronze, copper, 

gold, silver, electrum, iron, and lead. 

Thin metal sheets with engraved or 

impressed designs, often used as 

attachments to furniture. Approximate 

date: 5th millennium B.C. to the 18th 

century A.D. 

2. Vessels—In bronze, copper, gold, 

silver, electrum, iron, and lead. This 

type includes conventional forms such 

as pitchers, bowls, cauldrons, jugs, 

globular flasks (aryballos), goblets, 

phials, ladles, lamps, and candelabra. 

Objects may be in conventional shapes 

or may be in human or animal shapes. 

Approximate date: 5th millennium B.C. 

to the 18th century A.D. 

3. Jewelry and Personal Adornment— 

In bronze, copper, gold, silver, electrum, 

iron, and lead. This type includes 

earrings, ear caps, finger rings, beads, 

bracelets, cuffs, necklaces, pendants, 

straight and safety pins (fibulae), 

crowns, wreaths, diadems, fibulas, 

pectoral decorated sheets, belts, buckles, 

and textile decorations. Approximate 

date: 5th millennium B.C. to the 18th 

century A.D. 

4. Tools—This category includes 

hammers, saws, hooks, axes, chisels, 

scissors, scrapers (strigils), weights, 

bells, trowels, mirrors, forks, spoons, 

nails, scales, curling rods (calamistrum), 

locks, keys, ingots, medical tools such 

as forceps, probes, and cautery tools, 

and door knockers which may be in the 

form or human or animal figures. 

Approximate date: 5th millennium B.C. 

to the 18th century A.D. 

5. Weapons and Armor—In bronze, 

copper, gold, silver, electrum, iron, and 

lead. This category includes common 

weapon types, such as daggers, arrows, 

swords, spears, harpoons, javelins, axes, 

rapiers, and maces. Body armor is also 

included, such as helmets, shields, 

cuirasses, horse armor, and chariot 

decoration. Some may have inscriptions 

or be otherwise decorated. Approximate 

date: 5th millennium B.C. to the 18th 

century A.D. 

6. Seals and Stamps—These are small 

devices with at least one side engraved 

with a design for sealing or stamping, 

often in bronze, copper, gold, silver, 

electrum, iron, or lead. Types include 

rings, amulets, stamps, and seals with 

shank. Approximate date: 5th 

millennium B.C. to the 18th century 

A.D. 

7. Ceremonial Objects—Ritual and 

ceremonial objects pertaining to 

Turkey’s religious communities, in 

bronze, copper, gold, silver, electrum, 

iron, and lead. This type includes 

libation vessels, ritual cauldrons and 

pitchers, rhytons, masks, chalices, 

plates, censers, candelabras, crosses, 

pendants, bells, reliquaries, liturgical 

spoons, Kiddush cups, book covers and 

boxes, decorated book spines, Torah 

pointers, finials, and ampoules. 

Approximate date: 5th millennium B.C. 

to the 18th century A.D. 

8. Musical Instruments—Trumpets, 

clappers, sistrums, castanets, cymbalon, 

aulos, plagiaulos, cornu, lituus, buccina, 

tuba, hydraulis, lyre, xylophone, and 

metal parts of other instruments 

otherwise primarily in wood or bone. 

Approximate date: 5th millennium B.C. 

to the 18th century A.D. 

9. Coins 

a. Greek coins—Archaic coins, dated 

to 640–480 B.C., in electrum, silver and 

billon, that circulated primarily in 

Turkey; Classical coins, dated to 479– 

332 B.C., in electrum, silver, gold, and 

bronze, that circulated primarily in 

Turkey; and Hellenistic coins, dated to 

332–31 B.C., in gold, silver, bronze and 

other base metals, that circulated 

primarily in Turkey. Greek coins were 

minted by many authorities for trading 

and payment and often circulated all 

over the ancient world, including in 

Turkey. All categories are based on find 

information provided in Thompson, M., 

M<rkholm, O., Kraay, C., Inventory of 

Greek Coin Hoards, 1973 (available 

online at http://coinhoards.org/) and the 

updates in Coin Hoards I–X as well as 

other hoard and single find 

publications. Mints located in Turkey 

and surrounding areas are found in 

Head, B. V., Historia Numorum, A 

Manual of Greek Numismatics, 1911 

(available online at http://snible.org/ 

coins/hn/). 

b. Roman provincial coins—Roman 

provincial coins, dated from the end of 

2nd century B.C. to the early 6th 

century A.D., in gold, silver, and bronze 

and copper that circulated primarily in 

Turkey. 

c. Byzantine period coins—Byzantine 

period coins, in gold, silver, bronze, 

copper coins, and sometimes electrum, 

dating from the early 6th century to the 

15th century A.D., that circulated 

primarily in Turkey, (e.g., coins 

produced at mints in Nicaea and 

Magnesia under the Empire of Nicaea). 

d. Medieval and Islamic coins— 

Medieval and Islamic coins, in gold, 

silver, bronze, and copper coins from 

approximately A.D. 1077–1770, that 

circulated primarily in Turkey. 

C. Ceramic, Terracotta, and Faience 

1. Sculpture 

a. Architectural Elements—Baked clay 

(terracotta) elements used to decorate 

buildings. Elements include tiles, roof 

coverings, antefixes, plates, and 

decorative elements such as reliefs, 

votive tablets (pinakes), friezes and 

acroters, and wall decorations such as 

cones, glazed bricks, and decorated 

knobs. Approximate date: 2nd 

millennium B.C. to the 18th century 

A.D. 

b. Sarcophagi and Ossuaries— 

Sarcophagi and coffins, with separate 

lids, either in the form of a large 

rectangular box, or human-shaped and 

carved with modeled human features. 

Sarcophagi may be painted, inlaid, and/ 

or decorated with incised or sculpted 

relief of floral or geometric motifs and 

inscriptions. Ossuaries are rectangular 

or in the shape of stylized animals and 

may be decorated. Approximate date: 

2nd millennium B.C. to the 18th century 

A.D. 

c. Large Statuary—Subject matter 

includes human and animal figures, 

icons, models, molds, and groups of 

figures in the round. Common types are 

large-scale, free-standing statuary 

approximately 1–2.5 m. in height and 

life-size busts (head and shoulders of an 

individual). Approximate date: 5th 

millennium B.C. to the 18th century 

A.D. 

d. Small Statuary—Subject matter is 

varied and includes humans, deities 

(idols), mythological creatures, animals, 

and groups of figures in the round, as 

well as parts of figures. These range in 

height: Approximately 10 cm.–1 m. 

Approximate date: 5th millennium B.C. 

to the 18th century A.D. 

e. Terracotta Plaques—These are 

produced by carving or using molds; 

may have a variety of subject matter. 


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Type also includes molds and models 

used in production. Approximate date: 

5th millennium B.C. to the 18th century 

A.D. 

f. Models—These are small-scale 

objects in terracotta, including chariots, 

boats, buildings, and furniture such as 

chairs and beds. Approximate date: 11th 

millennium B.C. to the 18th century 

A.D. 

2. Vessels—Ceramic types, forms, and 

decoration vary among archaeological 

styles over time. Forms may be 

handmade or produced with ceramic 

lathe, plain or decorated, and may be 

glazed, unglazed, varnished, painted, 

engraved, and/or incised. They may be 

produced in Turkey or imported into 

Turkey at or near the time of 

production. Some of the most wellknown types are highlighted below: 

a. Neolithic and Chalcolithic Period— 

This type includes bowls, cups, jars, 

pots, urns, and ritual vessels in the 

shape of a woman or animal. Some 

examples are painted with yellow, 

brown, or red; patterns include 

concentric circles, horizontal lines, and 

geometric motifs over cream or red slip. 

b. Early Bronze Age—This type 

includes two-handled goblets (depas 

amphikypellon), beak-spouted pitchers, 

anthropomorphic jars, pedestal bowls, 

amphorae, vases, double-/triple-/ 

quadruple vessels (two or more cups or 

bowls attached at a central point to form 

a single vessel), mugs, boxes, and small 

pots with lids (pyxis). 

c. Middle and Late Bronze Age—This 

type includes Assyrian Trade Colonial, 

Hittite, and early Mycenaean pottery. In 

this period, ceramic lathe and glaze 

techniques became common and forms 

became thinner. Type includes 

ceremonial vessels in the shape of 

animals (rythons), plates, doublehandled drinking vessels (kantharos), 

bathing bowls, and vases. 

d. Geometric, Orientalizing, Archaic, 

and Classical Periods—This type 

includes vessels used for holding oil or 

perfume (alabastron, lekythos, 

aryballos, lydion), jars used for storage 

(amphorae, pelike, pithoi, hydria), 

pitchers and jugs (oinochoe, olpe), boxes 

for holding cosmetics or jewelry (pyxis), 

drinking cups (kylix, kantharoi, 

skyphoi), tankards, other vessels (krater, 

askos), ceremonial vases (lebes 

gamikos), plates, and lamps. Blackfigure technique was common in Greek 

city-states in Western Anatolia, starting 

in 7th century B.C. Vessels in this 

technique are decorated with black 

painted figures on a clear clay ground. 

Vessels with red-figure technique 

(decorative elements in reserve with 

background fired black) are also 

common in Western Anatolia. Most 

black- and red-figure vessels are 

decorated with scenes of daily life or 

mythology. 

e. Hellenistic and Roman Periods— 

This type includes vessel forms noted in 

previous time periods, as well as small 

bottles (unguentarium) and wine jars 

(lagynos). There is less decorative 

painting in this period; instead, types 

display simple motifs and/or reliefs. 

Fine red Roman tableware (terra 

sigillata) is also common. 

f. Byzantine Period—Vessel types 

include amphorae, bowls, plates, 

chalices, beakers, and special shapes 

such as pilgrim flasks. Types include 

red slipwares, as well as glazed and 

unglazed vessels. Unglazed wares are 

usually undecorated; other examples 

may be decorated with various 

techniques and motifs such as human 

figures, animals, florals, and other 

symbolic motifs. 

g. Islamic Period—Early examples 

include green and turquoise vessels that 

may be in the vessel shapes mentioned 

above. In addition, this type includes 

inkstands, chalices, lamps, rose water 

flasks, censers, incense cases, 

kitchenware, and tableware. Sizes and 

shapes are varied; colors include bluewhite, red, blue, yellow, purple, and 

green and may include floral or other 

painted or inscribed decorations. 

3. Objects of Daily Use—This type 

includes objects of daily use including 

toys, weights, and lamps. Approximate 

date: 5th millennium B.C. to the 18th 

century A.D. 

4. Seals, Stamps, and Tablets—This 

type includes cuneiform tablets from 

Anatolia during the Assyrian Colonial 

Period and Hittite Period; some tablets 

may be encased with a clay envelope. 

This type also includes seals used to 

mark ceramics, textiles, leather, other 

organic materials, and live animals. 

Approximate date: 5th millennium B.C. 

to the 18th century A.D. 

5. Islamic Period Tiles—Tiles were 

used mainly for adorning walls, roofs, 

and floors of buildings such as mosques, 

masjids, mausoleums, and palaces. 

During the Seljuk Period, common 

motifs included star and cross, 

mythological creatures, human and 

animal figures, natural and floral motifs, 

geometric motifs, and inscriptions. 

During the Ottoman Period, most tiles 

are decorated with floral motifs, 

including the saz style with composite 

flowers and saz leaves. Glazed bricks 

used in this period are also included. 

Approximate date: 11th century to the 

18th century A.D. 

D. Bone, Ivory, and Other Organic 

Material 

1. Small Statuary and Figurines—This 

type includes human, animal, and other 

figures in the round. Size may range 

between 5 cm.–1 m. in height. 

Approximate date: c. 20,000 B.C. to the 

18th century A.D. 

2. Objects of Daily Use—This type 

includes materials in bone, ivory, 

mother of pearl, seashell, and tortoise 

shell that may be used as decoration or 

inlay for architectural elements, 

furniture, or relief plaques. Type also 

includes amulets and pendants, other 

jewelry and beads, buckles, combs, pins, 

pyxis, boxes, needles, dice, mirror 

backs, handles, carved diptychs, writing 

and painting equipment, and musical 

instruments. Approximate date: 350,000 

B.C. to the 18th century A.D. 

3. Seals and Stamps—These are small 

objects with at least one side with 

engraved designs for stamping or 

sealing. They may be cuboid, conoid, or 

in the shape of animals or mythological 

creatures. Approximate date: 7th 

millennium B.C. to the 18th century 

A.D. 

4. Weapons and Tools—Bone, ivory, 

and horn were also used to produce and 

decorate weapons and tools. In addition 

to conventional types, such as needles, 

awls, chisels, picks, knives, spearheads, 

and blades, these materials were also 

used for zighir (thumb ring used to draw 

a bow) and wrist shields. Found as early 

as 1.2 million years ago. 

5. Human and Animal Remains— 

Skeletal remains from human and 

animal bodies, preserved in burials or 

other contexts. Some examples may be 

plastered or painted with ochre. Found 

as early as 1.2 million years ago. 

E. Wood 

1. Architectural Elements—This type 

includes walls, ceilings, floors, panels, 

balconies, doors, altars, parts of vaults, 

minbar, mihrab, muqarnas, decorative 

elements, ladders, or pieces of any of 

these objects. May be engraved, painted, 

inlaid, or otherwise decorated. 

Approximate date: 9th millennium B.C. 

to the 18th century A.D. 

2. Objects of Daily Use—This type 

includes furniture such as chairs, stools, 

beds, tables, chests, and desks; kitchen 

and tableware, book cases, book holders, 

lecterns, prayer panels, carved diptychs, 

writing and painting equipment, games, 

game boxes, combs, clasps, needles, 

beads, and musical instruments. May be 

engraved, painted, inlaid, or otherwise 

decorated. Approximate date: 9th 

millennium B.C. to the 18th century 

A.D. 

3. Tools and Weapons—This includes 

bows, arrows, knives, axe and adze 

handles, bow drills, and spears. 

Approximate date: 9th millennium B.C. 

to the 18th century A.D. 

4. Ships and Other Vehicles—This 

includes whole or pieces used in 


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composing a ship, chariot, or any other 

vehicle. Approximate date: 7th 

millennium B.C. to the 18th century 

A.D. 

F. Glass 

1. Architectural Elements—This 

includes glass inlay and tesserae pieces 

from floor and wall mosaics, mirrors, 

and windows. Approximate date: 4th 

millennium B.C. to the 18th century 

A.D. 

2. Vessels—This type includes 

containers for holding perfume or oil 

(alabastron, unguanteria, aryballos), 

wine jugs (oinochoe), other drinking, 

storage, and serving vessels of various 

shapes and sizes, and lighting objects 

such as lamps. Approximate date: 2nd 

millennium B.C. to the 18th century 

A.D. 

3. Beads and Jewelry—Jewelry such as 

bracelets and rings (often twisted with 

colored glass), pendants, and beads in 

various shapes (e.g., circular, globular), 

may be decorated with symbolic and/or 

floral motifs. This category also includes 

beads in various shapes including 

animal figures. Approximate date: 2nd 

millennium B.C. to the 18th century 

A.D. 

G. Plaster and Stucco—This category 

includes various types of objects 

including containers from the prepottery Neolithic onward, column 

capitals, pedestals, wall murals or 

paintings and other architectural 

elements, and vessels and containers. 

These may be plain or painted and/or 

gilded. Approximate date: 9th 

millennium B.C. to the 18th century 

A.D. 

H. Textile—These include linen, 

wool, cotton, and silk. This category 

includes clothing or clothing fragments, 

carpets, sanjaks (flags or banners), flag 

bags, wall hangings, blankets, and 

textiles used during religious practice. 

Approximate date: 9th millennium B.C. 

to the 18th century A.D. 

I. Leather, Parchment, and Paper 

1. Leather—This category includes 

bags, furniture parts, masks, shields, 

cases and containers for a variety of 

uses, sandals, clothing, and manuscript 

covers. There are also examples of 

religious and/or rare books written on 

leather pages. 

2. Papyrus—Documents made from 

papyrus and written upon in ink. These 

are often rolled and/or fragmentary. 

Approximate date: 5th millennium B.C. 

to the 12th century A.D. 

3. Parchment—Writing material made 

of animal skin and used to produce 

manuscripts including religious, 

liturgical, and scientific works. These 

may be single leaves or bound as books 

or scrolls. These may also have 

illustrations or illuminated paintings 

with gold and other colors. 

Approximate date: 3rd millennium B.C. 

to the 18th century A.D. 

4. Paper—This includes manuscripts 

and individual pages thereof, written on 

paper and bound as books or scrolls. 

These may also have illustrations. 

Approximate date: 8th century to the 

18th century A.D. 

J. Rock Art, Painting, and Drawing 

1. Rock Art—This type includes 

human-made markings on stone, cave 

walls, or rocks in open air. This type 

includes petroglyphs (carved into the 

rock surface); pictographs (painted); and 

earth figures (formed on the ground). 

Subject matter may include human and 

animal figures, deities, geometric 

designs, and religious signs and 

markings. Approximate date: 10th 

millennium B.C. to the 18th century 

A.D. 

2. Wall Paintings—This category 

includes paintings from buildings and 

tombs. Several methods were used, such 

as wet-fresco and dry-fresco, and the 

paintings may be applied to plaster, 

wood, or stone. Types include simple 

applied color, bands and borders, 

landscapes, scenes of people and/or 

animals in natural or built settings, and 

religious themes. Approximate date: 7th 

millennium B.C. to the 18th century 

A.D. 

3. Panel Paintings (Icons)—An icon is 

a work of art for religious devotion, 

normally depicting saints, angels, or 

other religious figures. These are 

painted on a wooden panel, often for 

inclusion in a wooden screen 

(iconostasis), or else painted onto 

ceramic panels. May be partially 

covered with gold or silver, sometimes 

encrusted with precious or semiprecious stone. Approximate date: 4th 

century A.D. to the 18th century A.D. 

K. Mosaics—May be a combination of 

small three-dimensional pieces of 

colored stone or glass (tesserae) to create 

motifs such as geometric shapes, 

mythological scenes, floral or animal 

designs, natural motifs such as 

landscapes, and daily chores. The opus 

sectile technique is also used. These 

were generally applied to walls, 

ceilings, or floors. Approximate date: 

7th century B.C. to the 18th century 

A.D. 

II. Ethnological Material 

Ethnological material covered by the 

agreement includes architectural 

elements, funerary objects, ritual and 

ceremonial objects, paintings, written 

records, and military material that 

contribute to the knowledge of the 

origins, development, and history of the 

Turkish people. This includes objects 

from the 1st c. A.D. starting in the 

Roman Empire, through the Byzantine, 

Seljuk, Beyliks, and Ottoman periods, 

and ending in A.D. 1923, with the 

foundation of the Republic of Turkey. 

A. Architectural Elements—This 

category includes architectural elements 

and decoration from religious and 

public buildings in all materials. These 

buildings have distinctive 

characteristics described below. 

Examples of architectural elements 

covered in the Agreement include, but 

are not limited to, the following objects: 

1. Structural and Decorative 

Architectural Elements—This category 

includes material from religious or 

public buildings in stone, ceramic, 

plaster, wood, and other organic 

elements, which includes blocks; 

columns, capitals, bases, lintels, jambs, 

friezes, and pilasters; panels, doors, 

door frames, and window fittings; altars, 

prayer niches (mihrab), screens, 

iconostasis, fountains, ceilings, tent 

poles, and carved and molded brick. 

Metal elements are primarily in copper, 

brass, lead, and alloys, and may include 

doors, door fixtures, lathes, finials, 

chandeliers, screens, and sheets to 

protect domes. Glass may be 

incorporated into either structural or 

decorative elements. This category also 

includes relief and inlay sculpture, 

including appliques and plaques that 

may have been part of a building. May 

be plain, molded, carved, or inscribed. 

Decorative motifs may be incised or in 

high relief. 

2. Tiles—Ceramic tiles were often 

used for adorning walls, roofs, and 

floors of mosques, masjids, 

mausoleums, shrines, and palaces. 

During the Seljuk Period, subject matter 

included star- and cross-shaped tiles 

with creatures such as harpies, 

sphinxes, and double-headed eagles. 

Human and animal figures were also 

common, as well as natural motifs such 

as the tree of life, scrolling branches 

with pomegranates, floral and geometric 

patterns, and inscriptions. During the 

Ottoman Period, subject matter included 

mainly floral motifs; the saz style motif 

with composite flowers, smaller 

rosettes, and saz leaves was also 

common. This type also includes glazed 

bricks. 

3. Mosaics—May be a combination of 

small three-dimensional pieces of 

colored stone or glass (tesserae) to create 

motifs such as geometric shapes, floral 

or animal designs, natural motifs such 

as landscapes, and scenes of religious or 

historical events. These were generally 

applied to walls, ceilings, or floors. 

B. Funerary Objects—This category 

includes objects related to funerary rites 

and burials in all materials. Examples of 

funerary objects covered in the 


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Federal Register / Vol. 86, No. 114 / Wednesday, June 16, 2021 / Rules and Regulations 31915 

Agreement include, but are not limited 

to, the following objects: 

1. Sepulchers—Sepulchers are 

repositories for remains of the dead, in 

stone (usually marble or limestone), 

metal, and wood. Types of burial 

containers include sarcophagi, caskets, 

coffins, and urns. These may also have 

associated sculpture in relief or in the 

round. May be plain or have figural, 

geometric, or floral motifs either painted 

or carved in relief. May also contain 

human or animal remains. 

2. Inscriptions, Memorial Stones, 

Epitaphs, and Tombstones—This 

category includes inscribed funerary 

objects, primarily slabs in marble and 

ceramic; most frequently engraved with 

Ottoman Turkish, Turkish, Arabic, 

Greek, Armenian, or Hebrew. These may 

also have associated sculpture in relief 

or in the round. 

3. Funerary Offerings—This category 

includes objects in all materials; 

shrouds and body adornment such as 

clothing, jewelry, and accessories; idols, 

figurines, vessels, beads, weapons, or 

other ritual or ceremonial offerings; and 

writing implements, books, and 

manuscripts. 

C. Ritual and Ceremonial Objects— 

This category includes objects for use in 

religious services (Christian, Islamic, 

Jewish, and others) or for imperial use 

by the state (Byzantine Empire, Seljuk 

Empire, Anatolian Beyliks, and Ottoman 

Empire). Examples of ritual and 

ceremonial objects covered in the 

Agreement include, but are not limited 

to, the following objects: 

1. Religious Objects—This category 

includes objects in all materials such as 

lamps, libation vessels, pitchers, 

chalices, plates, censers, candelabra, 

crosses and cross pendants, pilgrim 

flasks, tabernacles, boxes and chests, 

carved diptychs, liturgical spoons, 

Kiddush cups, bells, ampoules, Torah 

pointers and finials, prayer beads, icons, 

amulets, and Bektashi surrender stones. 

This type also includes reliquaries and 

reliquary containers, which may or may 

not include human remains. Often 

engraved or otherwise decorated. 

2. Imperial—This category includes 

objects in all materials, such as 

ceremonial garments, clothing 

emblematic of imperial position, and 

other accessories thereof such as shoes, 

headdresses and hats, belts, and jewelry; 

objects of imperial office such as 

scepters, staffs, insignia, relics, and 

monumental boxes, trays, and 

containers; flags, flagstaffs, and alem 

(finials); stamps, seals, and writing 

implements for official use by the state; 

tapestries, or other representations of 

the imperial court; musical instruments; 

and boats, chariots, and other forms of 

official transportation, and parts thereof. 

3. Furniture—This category includes 

objects primarily in stone or wood, 

including altars, tables, platforms, 

pulpits, fonts, screens, thrones, minbar, 

lecterns, desks, and other types of 

furniture used for religious or official 

imperial purpose. 

4. Textiles—Generally in linen, silk, 

and wool. This category includes 

textiles and fragments from religious 

contexts including garments such as 

tapestries, hangings, prayer rugs and 

carpets, shrine covers, altar cloths; 

clothing and accessories such as robes, 

vestments, kaftans, turbans, hats, and 

talismanic shirts. Commonly decorated 

with embroidered designs including 

religious, floral, and geometric motifs. 

This category also includes imperial 

objects such as clothing including 

vestments and robes; flags and flag bags 

(sanjaks); and carpets and tapestries. 

5. Musical Instruments—This 

category includes instruments important 

for religious or imperial ceremonies 

such as a baglama or saz, tambur, rebab, 

and ud (string instruments); harps; ney 

(reed flute); pipes; whistles; kudum 

(small double drum); kos (drum); kanun 

(zither); trumpets and bugles; and 

cymbals. 

D. Paintings—This category includes 

works of paint on plaster, wood, or 

ceramic from religious or public 

contexts. Paintings from these periods 

provide information on social and 

religious history of the people of Turkey 

that may be absent from written records. 

Examples of paintings include, but are 

not limited to: 

1. Wall Paintings—This category 

includes paintings on various types of 

plaster, which generally portray 

religious images and/or scenes of 

Biblical events. Types may also include 

simple applied color, bands and 

borders, animal, floral, and geometric 

motifs. 

2. Panel Paintings (Icons)—Icons are 

smaller versions of the scenes on wall 

paintings, and may be partially covered 

with gold or silver, sometimes encrusted 

with semi-precious or precious stones 

and are usually painted on a wooden 

panel, often for inclusion in a wooden 

screen. May also be painted on ceramic. 

3. Works on Paper—Paintings may be 

on papyrus, parchment, and paper. 

Images depicted may include religious 

scenes, representations of imperial court 

life, simple applied color, bands and 

borders, animal, floral, and geometric 

motifs. 

E. Written Records—This category 

includes written records of religious, 

political, or scientific importance, 

including, but not limited to, the 

following. Works may be on papyrus, 

parchment, paper, or leather. Papyrus 

documents are often rolled and/or 

fragmentary. Parchment and paper 

documents may be single leaves or 

bound as scrolls or books. They may 

have illustrations or illuminated 

paintings with gold or other colors. 

There are also examples of Qurans and 

other religious and/or rare books written 

on leather pages. This category includes 

boxes for books or scrolls made of wood 

or other organic materials, and book or 

manuscript covers made of leather, 

textile, or metal. 

F. Military Material—This category 

includes imperial military objects from 

the Byzantine, Seljuk, Beyliks, and 

Ottoman periods, in all materials. 

1. Uniforms—Uniform clothing either 

meant to be worn under armor or 

without, is usually made of textile or 

leather. This includes clothing 

emblematic of military position, and 

other accessories thereof such as shoes, 

headdresses and hats, belts, and jewelry. 

2. Weapons and Armor—These are 

often in iron, steel, or other metal. This 

category includes arrows, daggers, 

swords, saifs, scimitars, other blades 

with or without sheaths, spears, and 

pre-industrial firearms and cannon; may 

be for use in combat or ceremonial. May 

be inlaid with gemstones, embellished 

with silver or gold, or engraved with 

floral or geometric motifs. Grips or hilts 

may be made of metal, wood, or semiprecious stones such as agate, or bound 

with leather. Armor may consist of 

small metal scales, originally sewn to a 

backing of textile or leather. This type 

also includes helmets, body armor, 

shields, and horse armor. Other objects 

may be made of leather, including 

archer’s bags, shields, and masks. This 

category also includes: Auxiliary objects 

such as powder horns and belts; 

military standards; and boats, chariots, 

or other means of imperial military 

transportation. 

3. Musical Instruments—These 

instruments were used to encourage and 

direct military operations. This category 

includes pipes and other wind 

instruments, trumpets and bugles, and 

drums and other percussion instruments 

such as the c ̧evgan (a long-handled 

rattle with bells and chimes). 

Inapplicability of Notice and Delayed 

Effective Date 

This amendment involves a foreign 

affairs function of the United States and 

is, therefore, being made without notice 

or public procedure under 5 U.S.C. 

553(a)(1). For the same reason, a 

delayed effective date is not required 

under 5 U.S.C. 553(d)(3). 


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31916 Federal Register / Vol. 86, No. 114 / Wednesday, June 16, 2021 / Rules and Regulations 

Regulatory Flexibility Act 

Because no notice of proposed 

rulemaking is required, the provisions 

of the Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 

U.S.C. 601 et seq.) do not apply. 

Executive Order 12866 

CBP has determined that this 

document is not a regulation or rule 

subject to the provisions of Executive 

Order 12866 because it pertains to a 

foreign affairs function of the United 

States, as described above, and therefore 

is specifically exempted by section 

3(d)(2) of Executive Order 12866. 

Signing Authority 

This regulation is being issued in 

accordance with 19 CFR 0.1(a)(1) 

pertaining to the Secretary of the 

Treasury’s authority (or that of his/her 

delegate) to approve regulations related 

to customs revenue functions. 

List of Subjects in 19 CFR Part 12 

Cultural property, Customs duties and 

inspection, Imports, Prohibited 

merchandise, and Reporting and 

recordkeeping requirements. 

Amendment to the CBP Regulations 

For the reasons set forth above, part 

12 of title 19 of the Code of Federal 

Regulations (19 CFR part 12), is 

amended as set forth below: 

PART 12—SPECIAL CLASSES OF 

MERCHANDISE 

■ 1. The general authority citation for 

part 12 and the specific authority 

citation for § 12.104g continue to read 

as follows: 

Authority: 5 U.S.C. 301; 19 U.S.C. 66, 1202 

(General Note 3(i), Harmonized Tariff 

Schedule of the United States (HTSUS)), 

1624; 

* * * * * 

Sections 12.104 through 12.104i also issued 

under 19 U.S.C. 2612; 

* * * * * 

■ 2. In § 12.104g, the table in paragraph 

(a) is amended by adding Turkey to the 

list in alphabetical order to read as 

follows: 

§ 12.104g Specific items or categories 

designated by agreements or emergency 

actions. 

(a) * * * 

State party Cultural property Decision No. 

*******

Turkey ................... Archaeological material representing Turkey’s cultural heritage ranging from approximately 1,200,000 

B.C. to A.D. 1770, and ethnological material ranging from the 1st century A.D. to A.D. 1923.

CBP Dec. 21–09. 

* * * * * 

Troy A. Miller, the Senior Official 

Performing the Duties of the 

Commissioner, having reviewed and 

approved this document, is delegating 

the authority to electronically sign this 

notice document to Robert F. Altneu, 

who is the Director of the Regulations 

and Disclosure Law Division for CBP, 

for purposes of publication in the 

Federal Register. 

Robert F. Altneu, 

Director, Regulations & Disclosure Law 

Division, Regulations & Rulings, Office of 

Trade, U.S. Customs and Border Protection. 

Approved: June 11, 2021. 

Timothy E. Skud, 

Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Treasury. 

[FR Doc. 2021–12646 Filed 6–15–21; 8:45 am] 

BILLING CODE 9111–14–P 

DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND 

SECURITY 

Coast Guard 

33 CFR Part 165 

[Docket Number USCG–2021–0356] 

RIN 1625–AA00 

Safety Zone; 4th of July Boat Parade, 

Savannah River, Savannah, GA 

AGENCY: Coast Guard, DHS. 

ACTION: Temporary final rule. 

SUMMARY: The Coast Guard is 

establishing a temporary safety zone for 

navigable waters on the Savannah River 

from the Elba Island Cut Jetty Light to 

the Eugene Talmage Memorial Bridge, 

Savannah, GA. The safety zone is 

needed to protect personnel, vessels, 

and the marine environment from 

potential hazards created by a boat 

parade. Entry of vessels or persons into 

this zone is prohibited unless 

specifically authorized by the Captain of 

the Port (COTP) Savannah or a 

designated representative. 

DATES: This rule is effective on July 4, 

2021 from 2 p.m. through 5 p.m. 

ADDRESSES: To view documents 

mentioned in this preamble as being 

available in the docket, go to https://

www.regulations.gov, type USCG–2021– 

0356 in the ‘‘SEARCH’’ box and click 

‘‘SEARCH.’’ Click on Open Docket 

Folder on the line associated with this 

rule. 

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: If 

you have questions on this rule, call or 

email LT Alex McConnell, of the Marine 

Safety Unit Savannah Office of 

Waterways Management, Coast Guard, 

at telephone 912–652–4353, extension 

240, or via email at MSUSavannahWWM@uscg.mil. 

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: 

I. Table of Abbreviations 

CFR Code of Federal Regulations 

DHS Department of Homeland Security 

FR Federal Register 

NPRM Notice of proposed rulemaking 

§ Section 

U.S.C. United States Code 

II. Background Information and 

Regulatory History 

The Coast Guard is issuing this 

temporary rule without prior notice and 

opportunity to comment pursuant to 

authority under section 4(a) of the 

Administrative Procedure Act (APA) (5 

U.S.C. 553(b)). This provision 

authorizes an agency to issue a rule 

without prior notice and opportunity to 

comment when the agency for good 

cause finds that those procedures are 

‘‘impracticable, unnecessary, or contrary 

to the public interest.’’ Under 5 U.S.C. 

553(b)(B), the Coast Guard finds that 

good cause exists for not publishing a 

notice of proposed rulemaking (NPRM) 

with respect to this rule because doing 

so would be impracticable and prompt 

action is needed to respond to the 

potential safety hazards associated with 

the Savannah boat parade. The Coast 

Guard received initial notice of the 

event on April 26, 2021 regarding the 

event beginning on July 4, 2021, but did 

not have final details to prepare a 

regulation until May 25, 2021. The 

event would begin before the 

rulemaking process would be 

completed. Because of the dangers 

posed by the parade, a safety zone is 

necessary to provide for the safety of 

persons, vessels, and the marine 

environment in the event area. It is 

impracticable and contrary to the public 

interest to delay promulgating this rule 

because the rule is necessary to protect 

personnel, vessels, and the marine 


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