20-729-cv

Dean v. Iozzia

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT

SUMMARY ORDER

Rulings by summary order do not have precedential effect. Citation to a summary order 

filed on or after January 1, 2007, is permitted and is governed by Federal Rule of Appellate 

Procedure 32.1 and this court’s Local Rule 32.1.1. When citing a summary order in a 

document filed with this court, a party must cite either the Federal Appendix or an 

electronic database (with the notation “summary order”). A party citing a summary order 

must serve a copy of it on any party not represented by counsel.

At a stated term of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, 

held at the Thurgood Marshall United States Courthouse, 40 Foley Square, in the 

City of New York, on the 3rd of March, two thousand-two.

PRESENT: John M. Walker, Jr.,

Steven J. Menashi,

Eunice C. Lee,

Circuit Judges.

_____________________________________

DEVON DEAN,

Plaintiff-Appellant,

v. No. 20-729

IOZZIA, LIEUTENANT, SHABENAS, CAPTAIN, 

SCOTT S. SEMPLE, COMMISSIONER, DUMAS, CORRECTIONAL OFFICER, 

TURNER, CORRECTIONAL OFFICER, MUCKLE, CORRECTIONAL OFFICER, 

GAUDET, CORRECTIONAL OFFICER, SENICK, CORRECTIONAL OFFICER, 

MELTON, CORRECTIONAL OFFICER, CIESNIK, CORRECTIONAL OFFICER, 

PACILEO, CORRECTIONAL OFFICER,
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Defendants-Appellees,

JOHN SMITH, UNIT MANAGER, JANE SMITH, UNIT MANAGER, 

SANTIAGO, WARDEN, ZEGARZULSKI, DEPUTY WARDEN, 

MARTIN, DEPUTY WARDEN, CONGER, UNIT MANAGER,

Defendants.

____________________________________

For Plaintiff-Appellant: Devon Dean, pro se, Suffield, CT.

For Defendants-Appellees: Clare Kindall, Solicitor General, 

Terrence M. O’Neill, Assistant 

Attorney General, for William Tong, 

Attorney General of the State of 

Connecticut, Hartford, CT.

Appeal from a judgment of the United States District Court for the District 

of Connecticut (Dooley, J.).

Upon due consideration, it is hereby ORDERED, ADJUDGED, and

DECREED that the judgment of the district court is AFFIRMED. 

Appellant Devon Dean, a prisoner proceeding pro se, sued corrections 

officers under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 for excessive force, alleging that the officers 

assaulted him while escorting him to another housing unit of his correctional 
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facility in January 2016. The district court granted summary judgment to the 

defendants, reasoning that Dean failed to exhaust his administrative remedies 

because he did not fully appeal his grievance in accordance with the Connecticut 

grievance procedures. We assume the parties’ familiarity with the underlying 

facts, procedural history, and issues on appeal.

We review a grant of summary judgment de novo, “resolv[ing] all 

ambiguities and draw[ing] all inferences against the moving party.” Garcia v. 

Hartford Police Dep’t, 706 F.3d 120, 126-27 (2d Cir. 2013). “Summary judgment is 

proper only when, construing the evidence in the light most favorable to the nonmovant, ‘there is no genuine dispute as to any material fact and the movant is 

entitled to judgment as a matter of law.’” Doninger v. Niehoff, 642 F.3d 334, 344 (2d 

Cir. 2011) (quoting Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(a)). 

The Prison Litigation Reform Act, 42 U.S.C. § 1997e(a), requires a prisoner, 

before bringing a lawsuit in federal court about prison conditions, to exhaust

administrative remedies in “compliance with an agency’s deadlines and other 

critical procedural rules.” Woodford v. Ngo, 548 U.S. 81, 90-91 (2006); see also Macias 

v. Zenk, 495 F.3d 37, 44 (2d Cir. 2007) (“Alerting the prison officials as to the nature 
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of the wrong for which redress is sought does not constitute proper exhaustion 

under Woodford.”) (internal quotation marks, alterations, and citation omitted).

During the time period relevant to this appeal, prisoners in Connecticut were 

required to follow a three-tiered grievance procedure set forth in Connecticut 

Department of Corrections Administrative Directive 9.6. First, a prisoner must file 

a “Level 1” grievance after attempting informal resolution with staff. Then, if the 

grievance is denied or rejected, or if no response is received within 30 business 

days, the prisoner may appeal to Level 2. Finally, a prisoner may escalate his 

grievance to Level 3 if he does not receive a Level 2 decision within 30 business 

days. 

Prisoners are exempt from the exhaustion requirement when administrative 

remedies are “unavailable.” Ross v. Blake, 578 U.S. 632, 642 (2016). An 

administrative procedure is unavailable when “(1) the grievance process ‘operates 

as a simple dead end—with officers unable or consistently unwilling to provide 

any relief to aggrieved inmates’; (2) the process is ‘so opaque that it becomes, 

practically speaking, incapable of use’; or (3) ‘prison administrators thwart 

inmates from taking advantage of a grievance process through machination, 
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misrepresentation, or intimidation.’” Rucker v. Giffen, 997 F.3d 88, 93 (2d Cir. 2021)

(quoting Ross, 578 U.S. at 643-44). This list is not exhaustive. Id.

Dean failed to exhaust his administrative remedies. Even assuming, as the 

district court did, that Dean had filed a Level 1 grievance by giving his grievance 

to a staff member to file while he was in the restrictive housing unit, he never 

appealed to Level 2 or 3 when he did not receive a timely response. Even if we 

assume he complied with the Level 1 grievance procedures, Dean does not dispute 

that he failed to file a Level 2 grievance. Dean could have filed such an 

administrative appeal when he did not receive a response to his Level 1 grievance 

within 30 days. Because an appeal was possible, administrative remedies were 

available to him. See Abney v. McGinnis, 380 F.3d 663, 667 (2d Cir. 2004) (“To be 

‘available’ under the PLRA, a remedy must afford the possibility of some relief for 

the action complained of.”) (internal quotation marks omitted). Dean therefore 

failed to show that he exhausted his administrative remedies and the district court 

properly granted summary judgment to the defendants. See Johnson v. Killian, 680 

F.3d 234, 238 (2d Cir. 2012) (“[P]risoners must complete the administrative review 

process in accordance with the applicable procedural rules—rules that are defined 
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not by the PLRA, but by the prison grievance process itself.”) (quoting Jones v. Bock, 

549 U.S. 199, 218 (2007)).

We have considered Dean’s remaining arguments, which we conclude are 

without merit. Accordingly, we AFFIRM the judgment of the district court.

FOR THE COURT: 

Catherine O’Hagan Wolfe, Clerk of Court