I 

109TH CONGRESS 

1ST SESSION H. R. 1550

To authorize assistance for the relief of victims of the Indian Ocean tsunami 

and for the recovery and reconstruction of tsunami-affected countries. 

IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 

APRIL 12, 2005

Mr. HYDE (for himself, Mr. LANTOS, and Mr. MENENDEZ) introduced the 

following bill; which was referred to the Committee on International Relations 

A BILL

To authorize assistance for the relief of victims of the Indian 

Ocean tsunami and for the recovery and reconstruction 

of tsunami-affected countries.

1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,

3 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS; DEFINI4 TIONS. 

5 (a) SHORT TITLE.—This Act may be cited as the 

6 ‘‘Indian Ocean Tsunami Relief, Recovery, and Reconstruc7 tion Act of 2005’’. 

8 (b) TABLE OF CONTENTS.—The table of contents for 

9 this Act is as follows:

Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents; definitions. 
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Sec. 2. Findings. 

Sec. 3. Declarations of policy. 

Sec. 4. Purposes. 

TITLE I—ASSISTANCE FOR RELIEF, RECOVERY, AND RECONSTRUCTION OF PEOPLE AND COUNTRIES AFFECTED BY THE 

INDIAN OCEAN TSUNAMI 

Sec. 101. Assistance for urgent humanitarian needs. 

Sec. 102. Assistance for medium- and long-term recovery and reconstruction. 

Sec. 103. Assistance for orphans and unaccompanied children. 

Sec. 104. Voluntary contribution to Interpol for disaster victim identification 

efforts. 

Sec. 105. Activities of the Overseas Private Investment Corporation. 

Sec. 106. Assistance for effective public warning systems in foreign countries. 

Sec. 107. Replenishment of funds expended for assistance in the immediate 

aftermath of the Indian Ocean tsunami. 

TITLE II—GENERAL PROVISIONS 

Sec. 201. Coordination of assistance. 

Sec. 202. Implementation of assistance. 

Sec. 203. Monitoring of assistance. 

Sec. 204. Relationship to other authorities. 

Sec. 205. Report. 

Sec. 206. Authorization of appropriations.

1 (c) DEFINITIONS.—In this Act: 

2 (1) ALL-HAZARD EVENT.—The term ‘‘all-haz3 ard event’’ means an emergency or disaster resulting 

4 from—

5 (A) a natural disaster; or 

6 (B) an accident or intentional or negligent 

7 act that causes widespread damage or harm. 

8 (2) CHILDREN.—The term ‘‘children’’ means 

9 persons who have not attained the age of 18. 

10 (3) EFFECTIVE PUBLIC WARNING.—The term 

11 ‘‘effective public warning’’ means practical, com12 prehensible, and timely information given to all indi13 viduals threatened by an all-hazard event sufficient 
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1 to enable them to act to protect their safety and 

2 well-being in a timely manner. 

3 (4) INDIAN OCEAN TSUNAMI; TSUNAMI.—The 

4 term ‘‘Indian Ocean tsunami’’ or ‘‘tsunami’’ means 

5 the tsunami that resulted from the earthquake that 

6 occurred off the west coast of northern Sumatra, In7 donesia, on December 26, 2004. 

8 (5) ORPHAN.—The term ‘‘orphan’’ means a 

9 child deprived by death of one or both parents. 

10 (6) UNACCOMPANIED CHILDREN.—The term 

11 ‘‘unaccompanied children’’ means children separated 

12 from their family. 

13 SEC. 2. FINDINGS. 

14 Congress finds the following: 

15 (1) On December 26, 2004, a powerful earth16 quake measuring 9.0 on the Richter Scale occurred 

17 off the west coast of northern Sumatra, Indonesia, 

18 triggering a tsunami that struck countries through19 out South and Southeast Asia, as well as the coast 

20 of East Africa. 

21 (2) The Indian Ocean tsunami caused death 

22 and destruction on a massive scale, with more than 

23 200,000 people killed, more than 120,000 people 

24 missing, and displacing more than 1,000,000 people. 
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1 (3) The earthquake and tsunami affected more 

2 than 3,000,000 people in more than 11 countries 

3 many of whom now lack basic survival requirements 

4 and the risk of numerous additional deaths due to 

5 shortages of clean water, adequate shelter, food, 

6 sanitation, and basic healthcare remains. 

7 (4) An estimated one-third of those individuals 

8 killed or affected by the Indian Ocean tsunami are 

9 children. 

10 (5) Orphans and unaccompanied children are 

11 particularly vulnerable to disease, hunger, and ex12 ploitation. 

13 (6) United States relief agencies and the United 

14 States military responded with immediate and sig15 nificant emergency assistance that saved countless 

16 lives and provided relief to many individuals in great 

17 need in the aftermath of the Indian Ocean tsunami. 

18 (7) Unprecedented levels of private United 

19 States donations to private relief organizations, at 

20 least $1,000,000,000 to date, demonstrate the tre21 mendous generosity of the American people. 

22 (8) The United States and the international 

23 community have to date pledged an estimated 

24 $6,400,000,000 in emergency and medium- and 
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1 long-term reconstruction assistance for countries af2 fected by the Indian Ocean tsunami. 

3 (9) Numerous international nongovernmental 

4 organizations have contributed greatly to the hu5 manitarian response by providing relief to the mil6 lions who survived the Indian Ocean tsunami. 

7 (10) Some national governments, municipal 

8 governments, and local communities in the Indian 

9 Ocean region require assistance to provide basic 

10 services for their citizens, including for orphans and 

11 unaccompanied children. 

12 (11) A number of organizations, including the 

13 United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), Save 

14 the Children, World Vision, the International Com15 mittee of the Red Cross, and other organizations, 

16 are leading the effort to reunify children with their 

17 families, provide protection against traffickers, and 

18 provide food, shelter, education, counseling, and 

19 many other vital services. 

20 (12) The International Early Warning Program 

21 identified the following four elements of effective 

22 early warning systems: 

23 (A) Prior knowledge of the risks faced by 

24 communities. 

25 (B) Technical monitoring of hazards. 
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1 (C) Getting understandable warnings to 

2 those at risk. 

3 (D) Knowledge and preparedness of how to 

4 act by those threatened by disasters. 

5 SEC. 3. DECLARATIONS OF POLICY. 

6 Congress makes the following declarations of policy: 

7 (1) The large-scale destruction and loss of life 

8 caused by the Indian Ocean tsunami requires a ro9 bust and appropriate humanitarian response by the 

10 United States to assist and promote the relief and 

11 recovery of individuals and communities affected by 

12 the Indian Ocean tsunami. 

13 (2) The United States is committed to pro14 viding assistance for the medium- and long-term re15 lief of victims of the Indian Ocean tsunami and for 

16 the recovery and reconstruction of communities in 

17 countries affected by the tsunami. 

18 (3) The United States is committed to working 

19 with international partners, including the United 

20 Nations, donor countries, international financial in21 stitutions, and international and indigenous non22 governmental organizations to assist in the medium23 and long-term recovery and reconstruction of those 

24 communities in countries affected by the tsunami. 
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1 (4) The United States is committed to working 

2 with host governments, municipal governments, local 

3 communities, and local civil society organizations, in 

4 implementing immediate humanitarian assistance 

5 and medium- and long-term recovery and recon6 struction assistance to ensure that priority needs are 

7 met. 

8 (5) In areas of civil conflict, it shall be the pol9 icy of the United States to utilize civilian inter10 national and indigenous humanitarian relief organi11 zations to the greatest extent possible in the direct 

12 implementation of disaster relief. Such policy re13 quires the Government of the United States to urge 

14 the respective national governments to engage all 

15 relevant conflict parties to create an environment 

16 which promotes the safe and unimpeded access to 

17 the disaster region. 

18 (6) It shall be the policy of the United States 

19 in civil conflict areas to prioritize its humanitarian 

20 assistance to the greatest extent possible toward the 

21 most vulnerable groups, including children, women, 

22 and persons with disabilities. Women and children in 

23 particular are at the greatest risk of being trafficked 

24 into extremely abusive situations, and frequently are 

25 forced to become combatants in a civil conflict. 
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1 SEC. 4. PURPOSES. 

2 The purposes of this Act are—

3 (1) to provide assistance for the urgent humani4 tarian needs of the people and communities in coun5 tries affected by the Indian Ocean tsunami; 

6 (2) to provide assistance for the medium- and 

7 long-term recovery and reconstruction needs of the 

8 people and communities in countries affected by the 

9 Indian Ocean tsunami; 

10 (3) to provide assistance to children who are or11 phaned or currently unaccompanied as a result of 

12 the Indian Ocean tsunami; 

13 (4) to provide assistance for regional and inter14 national programs to develop and establish effective 

15 public warning systems in foreign countries in order 

16 to respond to all-hazard events; and 

17 (5) to replenish United States Government 

18 funds that were expended to provide assistance in 

19 the immediate aftermath of the Indian Ocean tsu20 nami so as to render such funds available for future 

21 foreign assistance objectives of the United States. 
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1 TITLE I—ASSISTANCE FOR RE2 LIEF, RECOVERY, AND RE3 CONSTRUCTION OF PEOPLE 

4 AND COUNTRIES AFFECTED 

5 BY THE INDIAN OCEAN TSU6 NAMI 

7 SEC. 101. ASSISTANCE FOR URGENT HUMANITARIAN 

8 NEEDS. 

9 (a) AUTHORIZATION.—In accordance with the provi10 sions of section 491 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 

11 (22 U.S.C. 2292), the President is authorized to provide 

12 assistance, on such terms and conditions as the President 

13 may determine, to meet the urgent humanitarian needs 

14 of the people and communities in countries affected by the 

15 Indian Ocean tsunami. 

16 (b) ACTIVITIES SUPPORTED.—Assistance provided 

17 under subsection (a) shall, to the maximum extent prac18 ticable, be used to provide—

19 (1) emergency food, shelter, and medical assist20 ance; 

21 (2) clean drinking water and sanitation; 

22 (3) preventative health care, including childhood 

23 vaccination, therapeutic feeding, maternal child 

24 health services, psychosocial services, and infectious 

25 diseases surveillance and treatment; 
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1 (4) family tracing and reunification services; 

2 and 

3 (5) support for the recovery of economic liveli4 hoods of families. 

5 SEC. 102. ASSISTANCE FOR MEDIUM- AND LONG-TERM RE6 COVERY AND RECONSTRUCTION. 

7 (a) AUTHORIZATION.—In accordance with the provi8 sions of part I of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 

9 U.S.C. 2151 et seq.), the President is authorized to pro10 vide assistance, on such terms and conditions as the Presi11 dent may determine, to meet the medium- and long-term 

12 recovery and reconstruction needs of the people and com13 munities in countries affected by the Indian Ocean tsu14 nami. 

15 (b) ACTIVITIES SUPPORTED.—Assistance provided 

16 under subsection (a) shall, to the maximum extent prac17 ticable, be used to carry out the following activities: 

18 (1) Rebuilding health clinics, hospitals, and 

19 other health infrastructure. 

20 (2) Providing training and capacity-building as21 sistance, with a particular emphasis on training and 

22 assistance for women and children. 

23 (3) Restoring and rehabilitating water and sani24 tation services, including disease control services. 
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1 (4) Providing care and support to orphans and 

2 unaccompanied children. 

3 (5) Rebuilding and re-equipping schools, com4 munity centers, and other social and educational fa5 cilities. 

6 (6) Providing training and capacity-building as7 sistance to educators and administrators, with a par8 ticular emphasis on training and assistance for 

9 women. 

10 (7) Rebuilding the transportation infrastruc11 ture. 

12 (8) Reconstructing the rural and urban infra13 structure, with a particular emphasis on the recon14 struction of roads and bridges. 

15 (9) Rebuilding and restoring the agricultural in16 frastructure and productivity. 

17 (10) Promoting efforts to restore economic live18 lihoods supports, such as microenterprise and micro19 finance programs. 

20 (11) Promoting environmental management. 

21 (12) Improving disaster preparedness and man22 agement systems. 

23 (13) Improving anti-corruption and trans24 parency mechanisms. 
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1 (c) TARGETING OF ASSISTANCE.—In light of the un2 precedented levels of private donations to relief organiza3 tions in response to the Indian Ocean tsunami, and in 

4 order to increase efficiency, avoid duplication, and coordi5 nate the division of labor among assistance providers, the 

6 President should, to the maximum extent practicable—

7 (1) direct United States assistance under this 

8 section to activities and sectors that can provide a 

9 comparative advantage over privately-funded assist10 ance, including such sectors as physical infrastruc11 ture and private sector recovery; and 

12 (2) design the delivery of United States assist13 ance under this section to make a significant im14 provement in the performance and the long-term 

15 sustainability in the damaged sector targeted for as16 sistance. 

17 SEC. 103. ASSISTANCE FOR ORPHANS AND UNACCOM18 PANIED CHILDREN. 

19 (a) AUTHORIZATION.—The President shall provide 

20 assistance to children who are orphaned or currently unac21 companied as a result of the Indian Ocean tsunami. 

22 (b) ACTIVITIES SUPPORTED.—Assistance provided 

23 under subsection (a) should include programs to—
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1 (1) identify and register unaccompanied chil2 dren and reunify them with their immediate families, 

3 or extended families, when necessary; 

4 (2) provide immediate care and counseling for 

5 orphans and unaccompanied children during the 

6 identification and reunification process; 

7 (3) create mechanisms to protect against child 

8 trafficking, sexual abuse, and attempts to forcibly 

9 recruit children into militias; and 

10 (4) provide for the long-term needs of children 

11 not reunified with immediate family. 

12 (c) ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS.—In carrying out 

13 any programs under the terms of this section, the Presi14 dent shall—

15 (1) provide funds for projects to United States 

16 nongovernmental organizations, multilateral institu17 tions, and international and indigenous nongovern18 mental organizations with expertise in caring for or19 phans and unaccompanied children; 

20 (2) require all governments and nongovern21 mental organizations that receive assistance under 

22 this section to agree to international standards on 

23 the treatment of orphans and children; and 

24 (3) coordinate with other departments and 

25 agencies of the United States Government that have 
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1 responsibilities related to child trafficking, child 

2 labor, and other issues related to orphans and unac3 companied children. 

4 (d) TERMS AND CONDITIONS.—Assistance under this 

5 section may be provided on such other terms and condi6 tions as the President may determine. 

7 SEC. 104. VOLUNTARY CONTRIBUTION TO INTERPOL FOR 

8 DISASTER VICTIM IDENTIFICATION EFFORTS. 

9 Of the amounts authorized to be appropriated to the 

10 Department of State for ‘‘Voluntary Contributions to 

11 International Organizations’’ for fiscal years 2005 and 

12 2006, $500,000 for each such fiscal year is authorized to 

13 be appropriated for a United States contribution to 

14 Interpol for its disaster victim identification efforts relat15 ing to the Indian Ocean tsunami. 

16 SEC. 105. ACTIVITIES OF THE OVERSEAS PRIVATE INVEST17 MENT CORPORATION. 

18 It is the sense of Congress that the Overseas Private 

19 Investment Corporation should, in accordance with its de20 velopment mandate and its commitment to fostering pri21 vate investment and enhancing the ability of private enter22 prise to make its full contribution to the development proc23 ess, exercise its authorities under title IV of chapter 2 of 

24 part I of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 

25 2191 et seq.) to further increase efforts to promote and 
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1 support United States-sponsored private investment in 

2 countries affected by the Indian Ocean tsunami, includ3 ing—

4 (1) issuing loans, guaranties, and insurance, to 

5 support infrastructure reconstruction, housing, 

6 small- and medium-sized enterprises, fishing and 

7 tourism, and other projects, as appropriate; and 

8 (2) undertaking a special initiative that in9 cludes—

10 (A) carrying out an outreach program to 

11 involve United States businesses in the recovery 

12 process and exploring potential new public-pri13 vate partnerships, supported by the Corpora14 tion, which will assist those affected countries; 

15 and 

16 (B) consulting and coordinating with host 

17 country governments and international financial 

18 institutions to promote private investment in 

19 priority sectors. 

20 SEC. 106. ASSISTANCE FOR EFFECTIVE PUBLIC WARNING 

21 SYSTEMS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

22 (a) AUTHORIZATION.—The President is authorized to 

23 provide assistance for regional and international pro24 grams, including providing such assistance through the 

25 United Nation’s International Early Warning Program to 
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1 develop and establish effective public warning systems in 

2 foreign countries in order to respond to all-hazard events. 

3 (b) ACTIVITIES SUPPORTED.—Assistance provided 

4 under subsection (a) shall, to the maximum extent prac5 ticable, be used to—

6 (1) develop monitoring technologies and sys7 tems; 

8 (2) establish communications infrastructure 

9 necessary to provide effective public warnings; 

10 (3) provide technical expertise and training to 

11 foreign countries about risk assessment procedures 

12 and the design and deployment of effective public 

13 warning systems; 

14 (4) establish public education campaigns that 

15 inform local populations about the proper ways to 

16 react to effective public warnings concerning all-haz17 ard events so as to minimize the loss of life and 

18 property. 

19 SEC. 107. REPLENISHMENT OF FUNDS EXPENDED FOR AS20 SISTANCE IN THE IMMEDIATE AFTERMATH 

21 OF THE INDIAN OCEAN TSUNAMI. 

22 (a) REPLENISHMENT.—From amounts available to 

23 carry out this Act, there is authorized to be appropriated 

24 to the President such sums as may be necessary to replen25 ish funds expended under the provisions of law described 
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1 in subsection (b) for assistance provided in the immediate 

2 aftermath of the Indian Ocean tsunami. 

3 (b) PROVISIONS OF LAW.—The provisions of law re4 ferred to in subsection (a) are the following: 

5 (1) Chapter 9 of part I of the Foreign Assist6 ance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2292 et seq.; relating 

7 to international disaster assistance). 

8 (2) Section 506 of the Foreign Assistance Act 

9 of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2318; relating to emergency 

10 drawdown authority). 

11 (3) Title II of the Agricultural Trade Develop12 ment and Assistance Act of 1954 (7 U.S.C. 1721 et 

13 seq.; relating to emergency food assistance). 

14 (4) Section 2(c)(1) of the Migration and Ref15 ugee Assistance Act of 1962 (22 U.S.C. 2601(c)(1); 

16 relating to the United States Emergency Refugee 

17 and Migration Assistance Fund). 

18 (5) Section 404 of title 10, United States Code. 

19 (6) Other authorities exercised by the Depart20 ment of Defense for emergency relief response activi21 ties. 

22 TITLE II—GENERAL PROVISIONS 

23 SEC. 201. COORDINATION OF ASSISTANCE. 

24 (a) COORDINATION.—The President, acting through 

25 the Secretary of State, shall consult and coordinate with 
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1 the United Nations, international financial institutions, 

2 and governments of countries affected by the Indian 

3 Ocean tsunami in the implementation and delivery of as4 sistance under title I of this Act to ensure that the priority 

5 needs identified by the governments of such countries are 

6 met. 

7 (b) DESIGNATION OF SENIOR GOVERNMENT OFFI8 CIAL.—In order to ensure that assistance under title I of 

9 this Act is implemented in a transparent, efficient, and 

10 effective manner and targets those people and commu11 nities that are most in need, the President shall designate 

12 a senior official of the United States Government who 

13 shall be responsible for—

14 (1) designing an overall strategy to define and 

15 advance the objectives of assistance under title I of 

16 this Act; 

17 (2) ensuring program and policy coordination 

18 among departments and agencies of the United 

19 States Government in carrying out the policies set 

20 forth in this Act; 

21 (3) coordinating with other countries and inter22 national organizations with respect to assistance au23 thorized by this Act; 

24 (4) ensuring proper management, implementa25 tion, and oversight by departments and agencies of 
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1 the United States Government that are responsible 

2 for assistance programs authorized by this Act; and 

3 (5) resolving policy and program disputes 

4 among departments and agencies of the United 

5 States Government with respect to assistance au6 thorized by this Act. 

7 SEC. 202. IMPLEMENTATION OF ASSISTANCE. 

8 The Administrator of the United States Agency for 

9 International Development shall have primary responsi10 bility for providing assistance under title I of this Act, 

11 under the overall foreign policy guidance of the Secretary 

12 of State. 

13 SEC. 203. MONITORING OF ASSISTANCE. 

14 (a) GENERAL AUTHORITIES.—

15 (1) COMPTROLLER GENERAL.—The Comp16 troller General of the United States shall monitor 

17 the provision of assistance under this Act. 

18 (2) INSPECTOR GENERAL OF USAID.—The In19 spector General of the United States Agency for 

20 International Development shall conduct audits, in21 spections, and other activities, as appropriate, asso22 ciated with the expenditure of funds by the Agen23 cy—

24 (A) before the date of the enactment of 

25 this Act for assistance for the relief and recov-
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1 ery of victims of the Indian Ocean tsunami and 

2 for the reconstruction of tsunami-affected coun3 tries; and 

4 (B) to carry out title I of this Act. 

5 (3) INSPECTOR GENERAL OF DEPARTMENT OF

6 DEFENSE.—The Inspector General of the Depart7 ment of Defense shall conduct audits, inspections, 

8 and other activities, as appropriate, associated with 

9 the expenditure of funds by the Department of De10 fense before the date of the enactment of this Act 

11 for the relief and recovery of victims of the Indian 

12 Ocean tsunami. 

13 (b) TRANSPARENCY AND MONITORING MECHA14 NISM.—

15 (1) IN GENERAL.—In order to ensure that as16 sistance provided under title I of this Act is imple17 mented in a transparent, efficient, and effective 

18 manner, and targets those people and communities 

19 who are most in need, the Secretary of State is au20 thorized to establish a transparency and monitoring 

21 mechanism that meets the requirements of para22 graph (2). 

23 (2) REQUIREMENTS.—The requirements re24 ferred to in subsection (a) are the following: 
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1 (A) The mechanism shall monitor the co2 ordination and integration of United States as3 sistance with assistance from the international 

4 donor community. 

5 (B) The mechanism shall assess the imple6 mentation of assistance by the United Nations 

7 and international financial institutions. 

8 (C) The mechanism shall assess the efforts 

9 of the governments of tsunami-affected coun10 tries to ensure assistance adequately reaches af11 fected communities. 

12 SEC. 204. RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER AUTHORITIES. 

13 The President is authorized to use authorities con14 tained in other provisions of law to carry out the purposes 

15 of this Act, including chapter 1 of part I of the Foreign 

16 Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq.), title II 

17 of the Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act 

18 of 1954 (7 U.S.C. 1721 et seq.), the Food for Progress 

19 Act of 1985 (7 U.S.C. 1736o), and, with respect to United 

20 States military assistance, sections 402 and 404 of title 

21 10, United States Code. 

22 SEC. 205. REPORT. 

23 (a) REPORT.—Not later than 45 days after the date 

24 of enactment of this Act, and every 6 months thereafter 

25 until all amounts available to carry out this Act are obli-
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1 gated and expended, the President shall transmit to the 

2 Committee on International Relations of the House of 

3 Representatives and the Committee on Foreign Relations 

4 of the Senate a report on the implementation of this Act. 

5 (b) CONTENTS.—The report shall include the fol6 lowing: 

7 (1) A description of the distribution of duties 

8 and responsibilities regarding activities authorized 

9 by this Act among departments and agencies of the 

10 United States Government, including the Depart11 ment of State, the United States Agency for Inter12 national Development, and the Department of De13 fense. 

14 (2) A detailed plan that describes the roles and 

15 responsibilities of foreign governments and inter16 national organizations, including the United Na17 tions, in carrying out activities related to the relief 

18 and recovery of victims of the Indian Ocean tsunami 

19 and for the reconstruction of tsunami-affected coun20 tries. 

21 (3) A strategy for the coordination of activities 

22 described in paragraphs (1) and (2) among the 

23 United States Government, foreign governments, 

24 and international organizations, including the 

25 United Nations. 
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1 (4) An initial and revised estimates of the costs 

2 expected to be associated with such activities. 

3 (5) A strategy for the distribution of the re4 sponsibility for paying costs associated with such ac5 tivities among the United States Government, for6 eign governments, and international organizations, 

7 including the United Nations. 

8 SEC. 206. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. 

9 (a) IN GENERAL.—There is authorized to be appro10 priated to the President to carry out this Act 

11 $950,000,000 for fiscal year 2006. 

12 (b) AVAILABILITY.—Amounts appropriated pursuant 

13 to the authorization of appropriations under subsection (a) 

14 are authorized to remain available until expended.

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