Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), this 

Memorandum Decision shall not be 

regarded as precedent or cited before any 

court except for the purpose of establishing 

the defense of res judicata, collateral 

estoppel, or the law of the case.

ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT: ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE

INDIANA DEPARTMENT OF 

BRENT C. VIAN CHILD SERVICES:

Fort Wayne, Indiana

MITCH GERBER

DCS Local Office in Allen County

Fort Wayne, Indiana 

ROBERT J. HENKE

DCS Central Administration

Indianapolis, Indiana

IN THE

COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA

In the Matter of the Involuntary Termination of )

the Parent-Child Relationship of A.M.K. and ) 

A.O.K., minor children, and T.D., biological father, )

)

T.D., )

)

Appellant-Respondent, )

)

vs. ) No. 02A03-1210-JT-452

)

INDIANA DEPARTMENT OF CHILD )

SERVICES, )

)

Appellee-Petitioner. )

APPEAL FROM THE ALLEN SUPERIOR COURT 

The Honorable Charles F. Pratt, Judge

Cause Nos. 02D08-1004-JT-191 & 02-DO8-1007-JT-287

June 10, 2013

MEMORANDUM DECISION - NOT FOR PUBLICATION

KIRSCH, Judge 
2

T.D. (“Father”) appeals from the juvenile court’s order denying his motion to 

withdraw his voluntary consent to the termination of his parental rights to his children, 

A.M.K. and A.O.K. In so doing, Father contends that the juvenile court’s denial is clearly 

erroneous because Father alleges his consent was not given knowingly and voluntarily, and 

that his relinquishment of his parental rights was procured by fraud, undue influence, duress, 

or other factors.

We affirm.

FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

The facts pertinent to the issues presented in this appeal follow. Father and T.K. 

(“Mother”)1are the biological parents of A.M.K., born on February 4, 2008, and A.O.K., 

born on June 23, 2009. During the initial period of the underlying child in need of services 

(“CHINS”) case involving A.M.K., Father was on the run because he had outstanding 

warrants for his arrest due to a probation violation. Father was arrested in April of 2009 and 

remained incarcerated. At some point, Father was released from incarceration, and Mother 

and Father conceived A.O.K. By the time of A.O.K.’s birth, Father was incarcerated for 

burglary charges filed against him. Father’s earliest release date was in January 2016.

During the course of the CHINS proceedingsinvolving both children, Father proposed 

that his mother, E.B. (“Paternal Grandmother”), should obtain custody of the children. 

Paternal Grandmother was a resident of Alabama, but had come to Fort Wayne, Indiana to 

 

1 Although the actual documents are not before us, the record reflects that Mother consented to the 

termination of her parental rights to A.M.K. and A.O.K., but does not participate in this appeal. Consequently, 

we limit our recitation of the facts to those pertinent solely to Father’s appeal. We note, however, that pursuant 

to Indiana Appellate Rule 17(A) a party of record in the trial court shall be a party on appeal. 
3

visit with and attempt to take custody of A.M.K. and A.O.K. Father, through his counsel,

submitted a proposed permanency plan for placement of the children with Paternal 

Grandmother. The local department of child services (“DCS”) and the children’s guardian ad 

litem (“GAL”) submitted briefs to the juvenile court on the propriety of Father’s proposed 

permanency plan. On January 4, 2011, the juvenile court approved a permanency plan 

calling for a termination of parental rights and adoption, but did not approve placement with 

Paternal Grandmother.

The termination hearing was held on January 5, 2011. Father appeared telephonically

because he was incarcerated in the Allen County Jail, and his counsel appeared in person.. 

DCS had initially brought the proceedings via a petition for the involuntary termination of 

Father’s parental rights to the children. At the hearing, Father’s counsel informed the 

juvenile court that Father had decided to voluntarily relinquish his parental rights to A.M.K. 

and A.O.K. DCS then moved to convert the petition to a voluntary termination of parental 

rights, and that motion was granted. 

At the hearing, Father’s counsel noted the juvenile court’s entry of the order 

approving a permanency plan calling for the termination of parental rights and adoption of 

the children. Father, who had been arrested and was incarcerated, had the opportunity to 

discuss with his counsel the impact of Father’s recent arrest on the pending mattersinvolving 

the children, the juvenile court’s rulings in the CHINS cases, and what had transpired in the 

contested termination proceedings. Father’s counsel further indicated to the juvenile court 

that he had met with Father prior to the hearing in order to review the relinquishment forms, 
4

which Father had read and counsel had read over with Father, and had given Father the 

opportunity to ask questions about the forms. Father signed the relinquishment forms 

approximately an hour prior to the termination hearing, and the forms were submitted to and 

admitted by the juvenile court in the proceedings. 

The juvenile court placed Father under oath, and Father was questioned by counsel 

about the relinquishment of his rights. Father testified that he had met with counsel that 

morning to review and discuss the forms, which Father stated he signed freely and 

voluntarily. Upon questioning by the juvenile court, Father acknowledged that he read and 

understood the English language and was not under the influence of any drugs or substances 

that would alter or impair his ability to understand the proceedings. Father also indicated that 

he understood the permanency of his consent and that it could not be revoked or set aside 

unless it was obtained by fraud, duress, or he was found to be incompetent. The juvenile 

court then accepted Father’s relinquishment of rights forms and stated the intention to enter 

orders showing that Father’s parental rights to A.M.K. and A.O.K. were voluntarily 

terminated. The juvenile court’s order to that effect was entered on March 18, 2011.

On December 5, 2011, Father filed three copies of a document entitled “Affidavit” 

with the juvenile court in which Father stated that he had signed the relinquishment forms by 

mistake. The juvenile court treated Father’s document as a motion to revoke Father’s 

consents and held a hearing on the motion on September 17, 2012. Father appeared with 

counsel and testified in support of his motion that he had met with his counsel for 

approximately five minutes prior to the January 5, 2011 hearing, and his counsel advised him 
5

that his only option was to sign over his parental rights to A.M.K. and A.O.K. Father stated 

that his counsel told him that Paternal Grandmother was no longer interested in custody of 

the children and was packing to return home to Alabama. He did not get a chance to speak 

with her prior to January 5, 2011.

While Father recognized the relinquishment forms he had signed and that his rights to 

the children would be terminated, he did not ask what would happen to his children after the 

juvenile court took the forms under consideration. He claimed that he did not understand the 

implication of signing the forms, but thought that by signing the forms Paternal Grandmother 

would somehow get the rights to his children. Father further testified that he did not have an 

expectation of who would get custody of the children, but thought that Paternal Grandmother 

would be next in line. He claimed that neither the magistrate nor his counsel informed him 

that someone other than Paternal Grandmother could adopt the children. Father claimed that 

he would not have signed the relinquishment forms had he known what would happen and 

that he wanted the children to stay in his family. He added that at the time he executed the 

forms, he was under a great deal of stress.

The juvenile court took judicial notice of the underlying CHINS and termination 

proceedings and took the matter under advisement at the conclusion of the hearing. On 

September 28, 2012, the juvenile court entered its order denying Father’s request to withdraw 

his voluntary relinquishment of parental rights to A.M.K. and A.O.K. Father now appeals.

DISCUSSION AND DECISION

Father contests the juvenile court’s order denying his motion to withdraw his 
6

voluntary consent to the termination of his parental rights to his children, A.M.K. and 

A.O.K., claiming that he had signed the forms under the mistaken belief Paternal 

Grandmother would be able to adopt the children. The juvenile court treated Father’s request 

as a motion for relief from judgment under Indiana Trial Rule 60(B)(1). “Our review of the 

grant or denial of an Ind. Trial Rule 60(B) motion is limited to whether the trial court abused 

its discretion.” In Re Paternity of K.M., 651 N.E.2d 271, 274 (Ind. Ct. App. 1995). A trial 

court abuses its discretion when its judgment is clearly against the logic and effect of the 

facts and inferences supporting the judgment for relief. Id.

The juvenile court entered findings of fact and conclusions thereon in denying 

Father’s motion. Father does not challenge any of the juvenile court’s findings. Upon 

review of a case in which a trial court has entered findings of fact and conclusions thereon, 

we will not set aside the trial court’s findings or judgment unless they are clearly erroneous. 

In re C.S., 863 N.E.2d 413, 417 (Ind. Ct. App. 2007) abrogated on other grounds by In re 

N.E., 919 N.E.2d 102, 106 (Ind. 2010). We first consider whether the evidence supports the 

trial court’s findings and then whether the findings support the judgment. Id. Findings are 

clearly erroneous only in circumstances where a review of the record leaves us firmly 

convinced that a mistake has been made. Id. The trial court’s judgment is clearly erroneous 

when the findings of fact and conclusions thereon do not support it. Id. When conducting 

our review, we neither reweigh the evidence nor reassess the credibility of witnesses, but 

consider only the evidence most favorable to the judgment. Id. 

Indiana Code section 31-35-1-8 required the juvenile court to advise Father, who was 
7

proposing to voluntarily relinquish his parental rights, of his constitutional rights and other 

legal rights, and the consequences under section 12 of that same chapter. The relinquishment 

forms signed by Father followed the language of Indiana Code section 31-35-1-12, and 

Father does not argue that the juvenile court failed to present him with the required advice 

and the advisement of rights. Furthermore, Indiana Code section 31-35-1-6 requires that a 

parent be present in open court when voluntarily relinquishing his parental rights. Father 

appeared telephonically due to his incarceration and signed the relinquishment forms, which 

were notarized by his counsel. Father does not contest his presence at the hearing. 

Additionally, Indiana Code section 31-35-1-6(b) provides that if all of the prerequisites for 

the consent to relinquish parental rights have been met, the juvenile court may consider only 

the issue of the voluntariness of the consent.

Pursuant to Indiana Code section 31-35-1-10, if the juvenile court finds that the 

allegations contained in the petition are true, then “the court shall terminate the parent-child 

relationship.” When the juvenile court terminates the parent-child relationship “all rights, 

powers, privileges, immunities, duties, and obligations, including any rights to custody, 

control, parenting time, or support pertaining to the relationship, are permanently terminated 

[,] and [the parent’s] consent to the child’s adoption is not required.” Ind. Code § 31-35-1-12 

(2)(A)&(B).

“The issue of an invalid consent may be raised by a petition to withdraw consent, and 

the burden of proof in such a matter falls on the petitioner.” Youngblood v. Jefferson Cnty.

Div. of Family & Children, 838 N.E.2d 1164, 1168 (Ind. Ct. App. 2005). Father does not 
8

challenge that termination of his parental rights to the children was in their best interest or 

allege that DCS did not have a satisfactory plan for the care and treatment of A.M.K. and 

A.O.K. He claims that his consent should be set aside because he was mistakenly advised by 

his legal counsel about his options, i.e., his only option was to relinquish his parental rights, 

and mistakenly believed that Paternal Grandmother would be allowed to adopt the children.

We have held that a parent’s ability to withdraw their consent to the relinquishment of 

their parental rights is extremely limited. Id. at 1169 (quoting In re J.W.W.R., 712 N.E.2d 

1081, 1085 (Ind. Ct. App. 1999), trans. denied, abrogated on other grounds by Neal v. 

DeKalb Cnty. Div. of Family & Children, 796 N.E.2d 280 (Ind. 2003)). Indiana Code section 

31-35-1-7(c) sets forth that if there is any competent evidence of probative value that fraud or 

duress was present when the written consent was given or that the parent was incompetent, 

then the trial court shall dismiss the petition to terminate or continue the proceeding. 

In support of his argument, Father points to his testimony that his understanding of 

what was occurring at the hearing to voluntarily terminate his parental rights was to further 

his efforts to have his children placed with Paternal Grandmother. He also testified that 

neither his counsel in the termination of parental rights cases, nor the juvenile court, told him 

that someone other than Paternal Grandmother could gain custody of or adopt A.M.K. and 

A.O.K. These arguments appear to be a request for this court to reweigh the evidence, a task 

we will not undertake on review. In re C.S., 863 N.E.2d at 417. 

The record reveals that, at the January 5, 2011 hearing, Father’s counsel explained to 

the juvenile court that Father was prepared to voluntarily relinquish his parental rightsin part 
9

because of the trial court’s ruling in the underlying CHINS matter, which accepted the plan 

terminating parental rights and proceeding to adoption of this children. The juvenile court 

had rejected Father’s permanency plan calling for Paternal Grandmother to obtain custody of 

or adopt the children. Mother consented to the adoption of the children by the foster parents,

and DCS proposed that as the permanency plan for the children. At the hearing on Father’s 

motion to withdraw his consent, he stated that his counsel told him that Paternal 

Grandmother was no longer interested in gaining custody of the children and was packing to 

return home to Alabama. When Father was asked if anyone had explained to Father who 

would adopt or gain custody of the children, Father replied in the negative. In other words, 

Father was aware that the approved plan did not involve custody or adoption of the children 

by Paternal Grandmother, and that he understood that she was no longer interested in taking 

part in that plan. Accordingly, there is no competent evidence of probative value showing 

that Father was operating under a mistaken belief about what was being accomplished during 

the termination hearing. 

We further observe that Father has cited to no authority for the proposition that either 

his counsel or the juvenile court was required or obligated to explain to him that someone 

other than Paternal Grandmother could adopt the children. This argument, therefore, is 

waived. See Romine v. Gagle, 782 N.E.2d 369, 386 (Ind. Ct. App. 2003); Ind. Appellate 

Rule 46(A)(8)(a). In sum, the juvenile court’s finding and conclusion that Father’s argument 

asserting mistaken belief and mistake of fact fail, is supported by the evidence. The juvenile 

court did not err.
10

In addition, the record reflects that the juvenile court’s finding that Father failed to 

meet his burden of establishing fraud is supported by the evidence. A.M.K. and A.O.K. were 

placed with foster parents during the pendency of the matter. Prior to signing the 

relinquishment of rights forms, Father was aware that the juvenile court had approved DCS’s

proposed permanency plan for the children calling for termination of parental rights and 

adoption by the foster family. The juvenile court had rejected Father’s proposed permanency 

plan. The trial court did not err.

Father arguesthat his consent should be withdrawn because he was under duress when 

he signed the forms. At the termination hearing, however, he testified that he met with his 

counsel the morning of the hearing, reviewed the forms, counsel went over the forms with 

him, he freely and voluntarily signed the forms, and he was capably represented by counsel 

for the proceedings. Later, during the hearing on his motion to withdraw consent, Father 

testified that he was under a great deal of stress. He claimed that he thought by signing the 

forms, he was signing his parental rights over to Paternal Grandmother. We will not reweigh 

the evidence. In re C.S., 863 N.E.2d at 417. 

We have held that “emotion, tensions, and pressure are . . . insufficient to void a 

consent unless they rise to the level of overcoming one’s volition.” Father has failed to 

establish that whatever stress he may have suffered at the time he signed the forms rose to the 

level of overcoming his volition. The trial court did not err. We therefore affirm the juvenile 

court’s judgment. Affirmed.

VAIDIK, J., and PYLE, J., concur.