NOT RECOMMENDED FOR FULL-TEXT PUBLICATION

File Name: 11a0727n.06

No. 09-2622

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE SIXTH CIRCUIT

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

Plaintiff-Appellee,

v.

LIZARDO CHAVEZ-ARMAS,

Defendant-Appellant.

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ON APPEAL FROM THE

UNITED STATES DISTRICT

COURT FOR THE EASTERN

DISTRICT OF MICHIGAN

O P I N I O N

BEFORE: GIBBONS and SUTTON, Circuit Judges; ADAMS, District Judge.*

JOHN R. ADAMS, District Judge. Defendant Lizardo Chavez-Armas appeals from his

sentence of 57 months imprisonment. We AFFIRM the district court’s sentence.

I.

Defendant Lizardo Chavez-Armas is a Guatamalan citizen who came to the United States

when he was six years old. He has a lengthy criminal history and has been deported from the United

States three times: on October 4, 2000, August 27, 2007, and December 16, 2008. On April 29,

2009, Chavez-Armas attempted to illegally reenter the United States and was taken into custody. 

He pleaded guilty to an information charging him with unlawful reentry after deportation after

conviction for an aggravated felony in violation of 8 U.S.C. § 1326.

The Honorable John R. Adams, United States District Judge for the Northern District of Ohio, sitting by

*

designation.
No. 09-2622

United States v. Chavez-Armas

During his guilty plea colloquy, Chavez-Armas acknowledged his understanding that the

district court would calculate the appropriate advisory sentencing guidelines, would consider the

sentencing guidelines in imposing a sentence, could go above or below the sentencing guidelines,

would consider all the factors in 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a)(2), and would make the final decision

regarding the advisory guideline range and the ultimately-imposed sentence. Thereafter, ChavezArmas and the government filed sentencing memoranda and Chavez-Armas replied to the

government’s sentencing memorandum. 

During the sentencing hearing, Chavez-Armas relied on both his written and oral arguments

when requesting that the court both vary and depart downward from the sentencing guidelines.

Chavez-Armas argued that his criminal history was over-represented and that the guidelines did not

consider the unique circumstances surrounding his motivation for reentering the United States.

Specifically, Chavez-Armas highlighted that his re-entry was necessary in order to sign a birth

certificate and bond with his newborn son. Chavez-Armas argued that he intended only to stay in the

United States for a month.

After hearing argument from both the government and Chavez-Armas, the district court

sentenced Chavez-Armas to 57 months imprisonment, the bottom of the calculated advisory

guideline range. Chavez-Armas now appeals his sentence.

II.

Under United States v. Bostic, the sentencing judge must ask the parties whether either has

any objections to the sentence that have not already been raised. 371 F.3d 865, 872 (6th Cir. 2004). 

Here, the district court did not specificallymake the Bostic inquiry. During the proceeding, however,

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United States v. Chavez-Armas

Chavez-Armas objected to the sentencing procedure based upon the court’s failure to address his

arguments. Therefore, this Court reviews the district court’s sentencing determination under a

deferential abuse-of-discretion standard for reasonableness. Gall v. United States, 552 U.S. 38, 46

(2007); United States v. Thomas, 498 F.3d 336, 339 (6th Cir. 2007). 

We “first ensure that the district court committed no significant procedural error, such as ...

failing to consider the § 3553(a) factors ... or failing to adequately explain the chosen sentence[.]” 

Gall, 552 U.S. at 51. With respect to this latter issue, the Supreme Court in Rita v. United States,

551 U.S. 338, 356 (2007), made clear that a district court should exercise its discretion in

determining how much explanation is necessary and that “when a judge decides simply to apply the

Guidelines to a particular case, doing so will not necessarily require lengthy explanation.” A district

judge, therefore, need only “set forth enough to satisfy the appellate court that he has considered the

parties’ arguments and has a reasoned basis for exercising his own legal decision making authority.” 

Id.

III.

On appeal, Chavez-Armas argues that his 57 month sentence for unlawful reentry was

procedurally unreasonable because the district court did not specifically address and reject four of

his arguments for a downward variance. Chavez-Armas argues that: 

1. The district court failed to adequately address defendant’s argument that in this

particular case the advisoryGuideline range under §2L1.2 was greater than necessary

to achieve §3553(a)’s purposes and grossly over-represented Mr.Chavez-Armas’s

history and offense conduct.

2. The district court did not address the unique circumstances of the offense conduct

or the defendant’s motives for returning to the United States.

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United States v. Chavez-Armas

3. The district court did not address the defendant’s cultural assimilation argument

for a downward variance.

4. The district court never acknowledged defendant’s non-frivolous argument that a

variance should be granted to account for the more severe treatment Chavez would

endure in the Department of Corrections as compared with a citizen inmate.

Chavez-Armas raised the first two arguments above during the sentencing hearing itself. The second

two arguments were raised in his sentencing memorandum.

In Rita, the Supreme Court explained that a sentencing judge’s statement of reasons for a

particular sentence must demonstrate that he has considered the arguments and that he has a

reasonable basis in executing his decision making authority. Rita, 551 U.S. at 356. The district

court, however, is not required to specifically state that it considered and rejected each of ChavezArmas’s arguments for a downward variance or departure. Id.; United States v. Berry, 565 F.3d 332,

340-41 (6th Cir. 2009).

There is no question that the district court demonstrated its knowledge of the § 3553(a)

factors. The district court explicitly stated that it had considered those factors when imposing the

sentence. Specifically, the court stated:

“I have of course reviewed the file, the presentence report. I have considered at some

length the always persuasive arguments made by your lawyer, Miss Beardslee. And

having done that, and paid particular attention to 3553(a), I find that the facts set out

in the presentence report and used in the calculation of the offense level and the

criminal history category are accurate and that the calculation itself of the sentencing

guideline range is accurate, which as the parties know produces a total offense level

21 and a criminal history category of IV and a guideline range of 57 to 71 months.”

Additionally, the court stated it had reviewed and considered numerous letters written on behalf of

Chavez-Armas, including having a letter written in Spanish by Chavez-Armas’s mother translated

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United States v. Chavez-Armas

in order to take it into consideration. Finally, the court stated that it had read Chavez-Armas’s

sentencing memorandum and reply. 

As the record makes clear that the district court reviewed and considered the presentence

report, sentencing memoranda and reply, arguments by counsel, and letters from Chavez-Armas’s

friends and family when determining his sentence, the court met its burden of showing that it had

considered the parties arguments and had a “reasoned basis” for the sentence imposed. See Rita,

551 U.S. at 356. 

There is little doubt that the district court could have given a lengthier explanation on the

record for the sentence imposed. Instead, the lower court chose to adopt the facts set forth in the

presentence report and utilized them to calculate the offense level. Chavez-Armas was well aware

of these facts and calculations, and he in fact raised no objection to them. The district court then

went on to note consideration of all of counsel’s arguments before imposing sentence. It is true that

each argument was not specifically expressed and rejected, but as noted above, the district court has

no such obligation. Accordingly, this Court finds that the sentence imposed was procedurally

reasonable.

IV.

For the foregoing reasons, we AFFIRM.

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