# Patent

## Title
Bonded structures for package and substrate

## Abstract

The embodiments described provide elongated bonded structures near edges of packaged structures free of solder wetting on sides of copper posts substantially facing the center of the packaged structures. Solder wetting occurs on other sides of copper posts of these bonded structures. The elongated bonded structures are arranged in different arrangements and reduce the chance of shorting between neighboring bonded structures. In addition, the elongated bonded structures improve the reliability performance.

## Background
This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/480,439, filed on Sep. 8, 2014, and entitled “Bonded Structures for Package and Substrate,” which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/667,306, filed on Nov. 2, 2012, and entitled “Bonded Structures for Package and Substrate,” which claims the benefit of the following provisionally filed U.S. patent application: Application Ser. No. 61/684,565, filed Aug. 17, 2012, and entitled “Bonded Structures for Package and Substrate,” which applications are hereby incorporated herein by reference.


BACKGROUND
Semiconductor devices are used in a variety of electronic applications, such as personal computers, cell phones, digital cameras, and other electronic equipment. Semiconductor devices are typically fabricated by sequentially depositing insulating or dielectric layers, conductive layers, and semi-conductive layers of materials over a semiconductor substrate, and patterning the various material layers using lithography to form circuit components and elements thereon.
The semiconductor industry continues to improve the integration density of various electronic components (e.g., transistors, diodes, resistors, capacitors, etc.) by continual reductions in minimum feature size, which allow more components to be integrated into a given area. These smaller electronic components also require smaller packages that utilize less areas or smaller heights than packages of the past, in some applications.
Thus, new packaging technologies have begun to be developed. These relatively new types of packaging technologies for semiconductor devices face manufacturing challenges.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
For a more complete understanding of the present disclosure, and some advantages thereof, reference is now made to the following descriptions taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1A is a perspective view of a package structure in accordance with some embodiments;
FIG. 1B illustrates a cross-sectional view of a portion of package, in accordance with some embodiments;
FIG. 1C illustrates a cross-sectional view of a portion of a substrate, in accordance with some embodiments;
FIG. 1D shows a bonded structure, in accordance with some embodiments;
FIG. 2A shows a bottom view of package with a number of bump structures, in accordance with some embodiments;
FIG. 2B shows enlarged top view of 4 neighboring bonded structures, in accordance with some embodiments;
FIG. 2C shows a cross-sectional view of two neighboring bonded structures, in accordance with some embodiments;
FIG. 2D shows another cross-sectional view of two neighboring bonded structures, in accordance with some embodiments;
FIG. 3A shows a bottom view of package with a number of bump structures, in accordance with some embodiments;
FIG. 3B shows a top view of four neighboring bonded structures, in accordance with some embodiments;
FIG. 3C shows a cross-sectional view of two neighboring bonded structures, in accordance with some embodiments;
FIG. 3D shows a cross-sectional view of two neighboring bonded structures, in accordance with some embodiments;
FIG. 4 shows an arrangement of groups of bonded structures, in accordance with some embodiments; and
FIG. 5 shows a top view of four neighboring bonded structures, in accordance with some embodiments.



Corresponding numerals and symbols in the different figures generally refer to corresponding parts unless otherwise indicated. The figures are drawn to clearly illustrate the relevant aspects of the embodiments and are not necessarily drawn to scale.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The making and using of the embodiments of the present disclosure are discussed in detail below. It should be appreciated, however, that the present disclosure provides many applicable inventive concepts that can be embodied in a wide variety of specific contexts. The specific embodiments discussed are illustrative and do not limit the scope of the disclosure.
FIG. 1A is a perspective view of a package structure 100 including a package 110 bonded to a substrate (or bonding substrate) 120, which is further bonded to another substrate 130 in accordance with some embodiments. Package 110 includes at least a semiconductor die (not shown). The semiconductor die includes a semiconductor substrate as employed in a semiconductor integrated circuit fabrication, and integrated circuits may be formed therein and/or thereupon. The semiconductor substrate refers to any construction comprising semiconductor materials, including, but not limited to, bulk silicon, a semiconductor wafer, a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrate, or a silicon germanium substrate. Other semiconductor materials including group III, group IV, and group V elements may also be used. The semiconductor substrate may further comprise a plurality of isolation features (not shown), such as shallow trench isolation (STI) features or local oxidation of silicon (LOCOS) features. The isolation features may define and isolate the various microelectronic elements. Examples of the various microelectronic elements that may be formed in the semiconductor substrate include transistors (e.g., metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFET), complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) transistors, bipolar junction transistors (BJT), high voltage transistors, high frequency transistors, p-channel and/or n-channel field effect transistors (PFETs/NFETs), etc.); resistors; diodes; capacitors; inductors; fuses; and other suitable elements. Various processes are performed to form the various microelectronic elements including deposition, etching, implantation, photolithography, annealing, and/or other suitable processes. The microelectronic elements are interconnected to form the integrated circuit device, such as a logic device, memory device (e.g., SRAM), RF device, input/output (I/O) device, system-on-chip (SoC) device, combinations thereof, and other suitable types of devices.
Substrate 120 includes a portion of semiconductor wafer, in accordance with some embodiments. Substrate 120 may include silicon, gallium arsenide, silicon-on-insulator (“SOT”) or other similar materials. In some embodiments, substrate 120 also includes passive devices such as resistors, capacitors, inductors and the like, or active devices such as transistors. In some embodiments, substrate 120 includes additional integrated circuits. Substrate 120 may further include through substrate vias (TSVs) and may be an interposer. Substrate 120 may be a packaged die, in accordance with some embodiments. In some embodiments, substrate 130 includes bismaleimide triazine (BT) resin, FR-4 (a composite material composed of woven fiberglass cloth with an epoxy resin binder that is flame resistant), ceramic, glass, plastic, tape, film, or other supporting materials that may carry the conductive pads or lands needed to receive conductive terminals.
Substrate 130 may be made of materials that are used to make substrate 120. In some embodiments, substrate 130 is a multiple-layer circuit board. Package 110 is bonded to substrate 120 via connectors 115, and substrate 120 is bonded to substrate 130 via connectors 125.
FIGS. 1B and 1C illustrate a cross-sectional view of a portion of package 110 and a portion of substrate 120 near bonding structures before they are bonded together, in accordance with some embodiments. FIG. 1B shows that Package 110 includes a substrate 102 with devices (not shown) with interconnect formed therein. As mentioned above, substrate 102 may include a semiconductor substrate such as a silicon substrate, although it may include other semiconductor materials. Interconnect structure 104, which includes metal lines and vias 106 formed therein and connected to the semiconductor devices, is formed on substrate 102. Metal lines and vias 106 may be formed of copper or copper alloys, and may be formed using damascene processes. Interconnect structure 104 may include a commonly known inter-layer dielectric (ILD, not shown) and inter-metal dielectrics (IMDs) 108. IMDs 108 may comprise low-k dielectric materials, and may have dielectric constants (k values) lower than about 3.0. The low-k dielectric materials may also be extreme low-k dielectric materials having k values lower than about 2.5.
Package 110 includes under-bump metallurgy (UBM) layer 111 and a copper post 112 on UBM layer 111. Throughout the description, the copper post 112 is also referred to as a copper-containing bump or metal bump. Although copper post 112 is used as an example in the description here and below, other types of metal bumps, such as solder bumps, may also be used in place of copper post 112. A solder layer 113 is formed over the copper post 112, in accordance with some embodiments. In some embodiments, a solder layer is not formed over the copper post 112. In some embodiments, a metal barrier layer (not shown) is formed between copper post 112 and solder layer 113 to prevent the formation of inter-metallic compound (IMC) formed by mixing of solder and copper. In some embodiments, the barrier layer is made of Ti. The metal barrier layer is not formed in some embodiments. The UBM layer 111 is disposed on a metal pad 105, which is connected to the interconnect structure in package 110. Between the interconnect structure 104 and a portion of the UBM layer 111 not contacting the metal pad 105, there is a passivation layer 107. In some embodiments, the passivation layer 107 is made of polyimide. In some embodiments, passivation layer 107 includes more than one sub-layer. Metal pad 105 may be connected to input/output structures or other conductive structures on the same metal level through metal lines. In some embodiments, metal pad 105 includes copper and can be pure copper or a copper alloy. In some alternative embodiments, other conductive materials are used instead of copper. For example, metal pad 105 may include aluminum, aluminum alloy, gold, or gold alloy, etc.
In some embodiments, UBM layer 111 includes a diffusion barrier layer and a seed layer. The diffusion barrier layer may be formed of tantalum nitride, although it may also be formed of other materials such as titanium nitride, tantalum, titanium, or the like. The seed layer may be a copper seed layer formed on the diffusion barrier layer. The copper seed layer may be formed of copper or one of copper alloys that include silver, chromium, nickel, tin, gold, and combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the UBM layer 111 includes a diffusion barrier layer formed of Ti and a seed layer formed of Cu. The UBM layer 111, copper post 112 and solder layer 113 form a bump structure 114, in accordance with some embodiments. In some other embodiments, copper post 112 can be replaced with another type of conductive materials, such as aluminum, gold, silver, alloy thereof, etc.
FIG. 1C shows a substrate 120 including a base substrate 150, in accordance with some embodiments. Substrate 120 includes metal lines and vias connecting metal features on opposite sides of substrate 120. The vias of substrate 120 may include plating through holes (PTHs), which are filled with conductive metal(s). Substrate 120 also includes a metal pad 210, which is partially covered by a passivation layer 207. In some embodiments, the passivation layer 207 is a solder resist, which can be patterned by lithography without another photoresist layer. Metal pad 210 may be electrically connected to a ball grid array (BGA) ball (not shown) on the bottom side of substrate 120 through metal lines and vias (not shown). The metal lines and vias are formed in dielectric layers, which may be formed over a semiconductor layer.
Metal pad 210 is formed over a top dielectric layer. Metal pad 210 may be formed of substantially pure copper, aluminum copper, or other metallic materials such as tungsten, nickel, palladium, gold, and/or alloys thereof. Metal pad 210 is partially covered by a passivation layer 207. A solder layer 220 is formed over the metal pad 210 to fill opening formed in the passivation layer 107 to bonding with the solder layer 113 or copper post 112 (if there is no solder layer 113) of package 110. In some embodiments, the opening formed in the passivation layer 107 is called a solder resist opening (SRO) 117. Metal pad 210 may be connected to input/output structures or other conductive structures on the same metal level through metal lines. In some embodiments, metal pad 210 includes copper and can be pure copper or a copper alloy. In some alternative embodiments, other conductive materials are used instead of copper. For example, metal pad 210 may include aluminum, aluminum alloy, gold, or gold alloy, etc. Details of an exemplary mechanism for forming substrate 120 is described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/852,196, titled “Flip Chip Substrate Package Assembly and Process for Making Same”, and filed on Aug. 6, 2010, which is incorporated by reference herein for its entirety.
To bond package 110 to substrate 120, package 110 is pressed against substrate 120 with bump structures 114 aligned with solder layer 220 over SROs 117. A reflow process is then applied to melt the solder layer 113 on bump structures 114 with solder layer 220. FIG. 1D shows a bonded structure (or bonding structure) 115 after solder layer 113 is bonded to solder layer 220, in accordance with some embodiments. FIG. 1D shows that the combined solder layer 220′ extends beyond the boundary of copper post 112, in accordance with some embodiments. Sometimes, a portion of solder layer 220′ could creep along and cover a portion of the side walls of copper posts 114, which is called sidewall wetting, shown by the dotted lines 221.
FIG. 2A shows a bottom view of package 110 with a number of bump structures 114, in accordance with some embodiments. FIG. 2A shows that bump structures 114 have circular cross-sectional views. In addition, bump structures 114 in the central region (or region I) have more space between them than bump structures 114 in the edge region (or region II). The pitch of bumps structures 114 in region I is larger than the pitch of bumps in region II. As described above, package 110 is bonded to substrate 120. There are SROs 117 on substrate 120, which are filled with solder layer 220, arranged in a pattern matching the pattern of bump structures 114 on package 120.
Due to different coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) between materials in package 110 and substrate 120, their relative positions can shift after thermal treatment, such as reflow. For example, package 110 include silicon substrate and has an overall CTE about 2-3 ppm/° C., which is lower than the overall CTE of substrate 120, which is about 17 ppm/° C. After thermal treatment, substrate 120 would expand more than package 110 both horizontally and vertically, which causes the shifting of their relative positions. The shifting of their relative positions is most prominent at the edges than centers of package 110 (CP) and substrate 120. Shifting of their relative positions is minimal near the center of the bonded package (110/120).
FIG. 2B shows enlarged top view of neighboring bonded structures 115, B1, B2, B3, and B4, near the edge of the bonded package (110/120), in accordance with some embodiments. The solid circles in FIG. 2B are outlines of copper posts 112 and the dotted circles are outlines of solder layer 220′. The copper posts 112 associated with bonded structures 115, B1, B2, B3, and B4, are shown as b1, b2, b3, and b4 respectively in FIG. 2A. The circles marked by “+” signs are outlines of SROs 117. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2B, the diameter of SROs 117 is about the same as the diameter of copper posts 112. However, the diameter of SROs 117 could be larger or smaller than the diameter of copper posts 112. FIG. 2B shows that the pitch of the copper posts 112 (and SROs 117) is P and the space between them is S. In some embodiments, P is equal to or greater than about 40 μm. In some embodiments, P is in a range from 40 μm to about 200 μm. In some embodiments, S is equal to or greater than about 20 μm. In some embodiments, S is in a range from 20 μm to about 150 μm.
Due to higher CTE of substrate 120 in comparison to package 110, edges of substrate 120 shifted outward more than the edges of package 110. FIG. 2B shows that SROs 117 have shifted more towards edges of the bonded package (110/120) than copper posts 112 after thermal treatment (or reflow). Prior to thermal treatment, the solid outlines of copper posts 112 should substantially match (or overlap) the outlines (marked by “+” signs) of SROs 117 with their centers substantially overlapping. Due to shifting of the relative positions of copper posts 112 and corresponding SROs 117, the solder layer 220′ between them is also shifted towards the edges. FIG. 2C shows a cross-sectional view of bonded structures 115, B1 and B3, cut along an imaginary line II, in accordance with some embodiments. FIG. 2C shows that the SROs 117 of B1 and B3 are shifted more towards the edge than copper posts 112 of copper posts 112 on package 110. Due to the shifting, the surface regions, FC, of copper posts 112 facing center of bonded package are not wetted by solder layer 220′. In contrast, the surface regions, FE, of copper posts 112 facing the edge, are wetted by solder layer 220′. FIG. 2C also shows that the edges, SE, of copper post 112 extend beyond the edges, RE, of SROs 117. As a result, the distance between bonded structures 115, B1 and B3, is shorted to SV, which is shorter than S.
FIG. 2D shows a cross-sectional view of bonded structures 115, B1 and B2, cut along an imaginary line JJ, in accordance with some embodiments. FIG. 2D shows that the protruding solder layer 220′ between bonded structures 115, B1 and B2, shortens the space between them to SH. Sometimes, the solder layer 220′ between bonded structures 115, B1 and B2, is shorted to each other, which lowers the yield of the packaged structure.
FIG. 3A shows a bottom view of package 110′ with a number of bump structures 114′, in accordance with some embodiments. FIG. 3A shows that bump structures 114′ have elongated cross sections, which could be shaped in race tracks, ovals, etc. FIG. 3A show that the axes, such as axes 301, 302, and 303, of the bump structures 114′ are substantially pointing toward the center “C” of package 110′. The SROs of a substrate (not shown), which is similar to substrate 120, are also designed to have outlines and orientations matching the bump structures 114′, which would bond with the solder layer filling the SROs. Such placement of the axes of the bump structures 114′ and SROs on the substrate substantially pointing to the center “C” is designed to reduce stress caused by the thermal cycle(s) during bonding process. The thermal cycle(s) would cause the package and the substrate to expand outward in all directions from the centers of the package and the substrate.
FIG. 3B shows a top view of 4 neighboring bonded structures 115′, BN1, BN2, BN3, and BN4, in accordance with some embodiments. The bump structures 114′, bN1, bN2, bN3, and bN4 in FIG. 3A correlate to bonded structures 115′, BN1, BN2, BN3, and BN4 respectively. FIG. 3B shows the outlines of copper posts 112′, the outlines of SROs 117′ with “+” signs, and also the dotted outlines of solder layers 220′ of these bonded structures 115′. Prior to thermal cycle(s), the outlines of bonded structures 115′ substantially match (or overlap) with the outlines of SRO 117′. Due to difference in CTEs between package 110′ and substrate 120′, the edges of substrate 120′ shifted more outward than the edges of package 110′. Therefore, the outlines of SRO 117′ are shifted more toward the edge(s) than the outlines of copper posts 112′, especially for bond structures 115′ near the edge, such as BN1, BN2, BN3, and BN4. FIG. 3B shows that the width of copper posts 112′ is W and the length is L. L is larger than W. In some embodiments, L/W is in a range from about 1.1 to about 2.0. In some embodiments, L/W is in a range from about 1.2 to about 1.5. The copper posts 112′ are shaped in race tracks with a half circle on each end. Due to the difference in relative shifting of the copper posts 112′ and SROs 117′, the lengths of copper post sidewalls that are wetted (by solder layer 220′) are equal to or less than about L-W/2, in accordance with some embodiments. The solder 220′, which is a mixture of solder layer 220 filling a SRO 117′ and a solder layer 113′ of a bump structure 114′, is pulled toward the edge of the package structure 110′/120′.
The elongated cross-sectional views of copper posts 112′ and SROs 117 shown in FIG. 3B are shaped like race tracks. However, other types of elongated cross-sectional views are also possible, such as ovals, rounded rectangles, etc.
FIG. 3C shows a cross-sectional view of bonded structures 115′ BN3 and BN1 cut along an imaginary line I′I′, in accordance with some embodiments. FIG. 3C shows that the SROs 117′ of BN1 and BN3 are shifted more towards the edge than copper posts 114′ of bump structure 114′ on package 110′. Due to the shifting, the front surface regions, FC′, of copper posts 112′ facing center of bonded package are not wetted by solder layer 220′. In contrast, the back surface regions, FE′, of copper posts 112′ facing the edge, are wetted by solder layer 220′. FIG. 3C also shows that the edges, SE′, of solder layer 220′ extend beyond the edges, RE′, of SROs 117. In addition, the distance between bonded structures 115′, BN1 and BN3, is shorted to SV′.
FIG. 3D shows a cross-sectional view of bonded structures 115′, BN1 and BN2, cut along an imaginary line J′J′, in accordance with some embodiments. FIG. 3D shows that the protruding solder layer 220′ between bonded structures 115′, BN1 and BN2, shortens the space between them to SH′.
FIG. 3B shows that the 4 neighboring bonded structures 115′ with copper posts 112′ having a pitch PW and a space SW measured along the widths of these structures. In addition, the 4 neighboring bonded structures 115′ have copper posts 112′ with a pitch PL and a space SL measured along the width of these structures. Due to the protruding solder layer 220′, with space between structure BN1 and BN2 is reduced to SH′. If pitch PW is maintained to be equal to P of FIG. 2B, space SW is larger than S of FIG. 2B. As a result, space SH′ is larger than SH and the neighboring bonded structures 115′, such as BN1 and BN2, are less likely to short to each other.
Similarly, due to the protruding solder layer 220′, with space between structure BN1 and BN3 is reduced to SV′. If pitch PL is maintained to be equal to P of FIG. 2B, space SL is smaller than S of FIG. 2B. However, since the protrusion of the solder layer 220′ only occurs on the edge-sides of copper posts, not the sides pointing away from the respective edge, the space SV′ after bonding process is about equal to or slightly smaller than SV described above. Shorting between BN1 and BN3 or between BN2 and BN4 is not a concern. In some embodiments, PL and PW are equal to or greater than about 40 μm. In some embodiments, PL and PW are in a range from 40 μm to about 200 μm. In some embodiments SL and SW are equal to or greater than about 20 μm. In some embodiments, SL and SW are in a range from 20 μm to about 150 μm. In some embodiments, the ratio L/W is larger than 1, such as great than about 1.05. In some embodiments, L/W is in a range from about 1.1 to about 1.5.
FIGS. 3B-3D described above involve elongated SRO 117′. However, elongated gated copper posts 112′ could be bonded to SRO 117 (round shape). The embodiments shown in FIGS. 3A-3D involve placing neighboring bonded structures 115′ within a group to be aligned with parallel axes, such as axes Y1 and Y2. There are many groups of bonded structures 115′ on packaged structure (110′/120′). FIG. 4 shows an arrangement of groups of bonded structures, in accordance with some embodiments. The bonded structures are divided into 20 groups, as shown in FIG. 4. The elongated bonded structures in each group have axes pointed toward substantially toward the center C of the packaged structure 400. The axes of bonded structures in each group are substantially parallel. The 20 groups in FIG. 4 is merely an example. Other arrangements of groups are also possible.
In addition, FIG. 3B shows that the ends (or tips), such as T1 and T2, of bonded structures 115′ are aligned to have a line X1 connecting T1 and T2 substantially perpendicular (or at 90°) to axes Y1 and Y2. FIG. 3B shows that the widest areas WN4 and WN3 of bonded structures BN4 and BN3 respectively are substantially aligned. The widths WW of the widest areas is larger than width W due to protruding solder layer 220′.
However, the line connecting the ends of the bonded structures 115′ could be at an angle from the axes. FIG. 5 shows a top view of bonded structures 115′′, BM1, BM2, BM3, and BM4, in accordance with some embodiments. BM3 has an axis Y1′. BM2 and BM4 are aligned to have an axis Y2′. Y1′ and Y2′ are substantially parallel. A line X1′ connecting ends T1′ and T2′, of BM3 and BM4 respectively, is at an angle α, from Y2′ as shown in FIG. 5. In some embodiments, the angle α is less than 90°. In some embodiments, the angle α is in a range from about 30° to about 60°. When angle α is less than 90°, the widest area of a bonded structure is not aligned with that of a neighboring bonded structure. FIG. 5 shows that the widest area WM4 of BM4 is not aligned with the widest area WM3 of BM3 due to the angle a not being 90°. In contrast, the widest areas of bonded structures BN3 and BN4 of FIG. 3B are aligned. Such mis-alignment of widest areas of neighboring bonded structures allows the pitch PM of bonded structures of FIG. 5 to be lower than the pitch PW of FIG. 3B. In some embodiments, the angle α is about 45°. In some embodiments, the pitch PM is equal to or greater than about 20 mm. In some embodiments, PM is in a range from about 20 Ξm to about 150 μm. In some embodiments, the space between neighboring bumps SM is in a range from about 10 μm to about 130 μm. Therefore, the bonded structures are aligned with angle α less than 90°, in accordance with some embodiments.
In addition to expanding the space between neighboring bonded structures to reduce the chance of shorting, elongated bonded structures arranged with axes substantially pointed to the center of packaged structures described above also reduce interfacial delamination. The bonding process could exert significant amount of stress on the bonded structures. To reduce the stress exerted on the bonded structures, an underfill is often applied between the space between package, such as package 110 or 110′, and substrate, such as substrate 120 or 120′, after they are bonded to support bonded structures. The underfill is made of polymers, such as resin, epoxy, or other suitable materials. In some embodiments, the underfill also includes fillers, such as silica, to adjust the mechanical strength of the underfill. The additional space between bonded structures allows the underfill to fill in the space to support the bonded structures. Further, prior to applying the underfill, the residual flux used to cover the solder layer, such as layer 113 and 220, on package or substrate, that remains on the package or substrate after they are bonded together is removed by a plasma cleaning process. The additional space between bonded structures also improves the flux cleaning process. As a result, the underfill applied can have better contact with the surface of the bonded structures, the package and the substrate. Reliability test results show fewer interfacial delamination failures for bonded structures with elongated bump structures and SROs described above in FIGS. 3A-3D and 5 compared to round structures described in FIGS. 2A-2D. Therefore, there are clear advantages of having bonded structures with elongated bump structures and SROs.
The embodiments described above provide elongated bonded structures near edges of packaged structures free of solder wetting on sides of copper posts facing substantially facing the center of the packaged structures. Solder wetting occurs on other sides of copper posts of these bonded structures. The elongated bonded structures are arranged in different arrangements and reduce the chance of shorting between neighboring bonded structures. In addition, the elongated bonded structures improve the reliability performance.
In some embodiments, a package structure is provided. The package structure includes a die package with a connecting structure including a copper post. The copper post has a first elongated cross-sectional area. The package structure also includes a substrate with a solder layer filling an opening over a metal pad, and the solder layer makes direct contact with the metal pad. The opening has a second elongated cross-sectional area, and the copper post is bonded to the solder layer to form a bonded structure. A surface of the copper post facing a center of the package structure is not wetted by the solder layer, and surface of the copper post not facing the center of the center is wetted by the solder layer.
In some embodiments, a package structure is provided. The package structure includes a plurality of bonded structures, and each of the plurality of bonded structures includes a copper post and a solder layer. The copper post is bonded to a package and the solder layer is bonded to s metal pad of a substrate, and the plurality of bonded structures are divided into a plurality of groups. bonded structures in each of the plurality of groups have their axes parallel to one another, and their axes point substantially to a center of the package structure.
In yet some embodiments, a package structure is provided. The package structure includes a die package with a plurality of copper posts, and each of the copper post has a first elongated cross-sectional area. The package structure includes a substrate with a solder layer filling a plurality of openings over a plurality of metal pads, and the solder layer makes direct contact with the plurality of metal pads. Each of the openings has a second elongated cross-sectional area, and the plurality of copper posts are bonded to the solder layer to form a plurality of bonded structures. Edges of the plurality copper posts facing a center of the package structure are not wetted by the solder layer, and lengths of the plurality of copper posts wetted by the solder layer are less than the lengths of the plurality of copper posts.
Although embodiments of the present disclosure and their advantages have been described in detail, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure as defined by the appended claims. For example, it will be readily understood by those skilled in the art that many of the features, functions, processes, and materials described herein may be varied while remaining within the scope of the present disclosure. Moreover, the scope of the present application is not intended to be limited to the particular embodiments of the process, machine, manufacture, composition of matter, means, methods and steps described in the specification. As one of ordinary skill in the art will readily appreciate from the disclosure of the present disclosure, processes, machines, manufacture, compositions of matter, means, methods, or steps, presently existing or later to be developed, that perform substantially the same function or achieve substantially the same result as the corresponding embodiments described herein may be utilized according to the present disclosure. Accordingly, the appended claims are intended to include within their scope such processes, machines, manufacture, compositions of matter, means, methods, or steps.

## Claims

1. A semiconductor device comprising:
a first contact post with a first elongated shape, a first sidewall, and a second sidewall opposite the first sidewall; and
an opening within a passivation layer, the opening exposing an underlying conductive region over a substrate, the opening having a third sidewall and a fourth sidewall opposite the third sidewall, wherein the third sidewall and the fourth sidewall enclose a central region and wherein the first sidewall is directly over the central region and the second sidewall is offset from the central region in a direction parallel with a major surface of the substrate, wherein the first contact post is in electrical connection with the conductive region.

2. The semiconductor device of claim 1, further comprising a reflowable material electrically connecting the first contact post to the conductive region.

3. The semiconductor device of claim 2, wherein the reflowable material wets the first sidewall but does not wet the second sidewall.

4. The semiconductor device of claim 2, wherein the reflowable material extends into the central region.

5. The semiconductor device of claim 1, further comprising a second contact post with a second elongated shape, wherein the first elongated shape has a first longitudinal axis and the second elongated shape has a second longitudinal axis parallel with the first longitudinal axis.

6. The semiconductor device of claim 5, further comprising a third contact post with a third elongated shape, wherein the third elongated shape has a third longitudinal axis that is not parallel with the first longitudinal axis.

7. The semiconductor device of claim 1, further comprising a second contact post with a second elongated shape, wherein the first elongated shape has a first longitudinal axis and the second elongated shape has a second longitudinal axis, wherein the first longitudinal axis and second longitudinal axis are both aligned to cross a center of the semiconductor device.

8. A semiconductor device comprising:
a first conductive post on a die package; and
a solder layer, the solder layer being in physical contact with a metal pad over a substrate, wherein a surface of the first conductive post facing a center of the die package is not wetted by the solder layer, and wherein a surface of the first conductive post not facing the center of the die package is wetted by the solder layer.

9. The semiconductor device of claim 8, further comprising a second conductive post on the die package, wherein the first conductive post has a first longitudinal axis and the second conductive post has a second longitudinal axis, wherein the first longitudinal axis and the second longitudinal axis are parallel with each other.

10. The semiconductor device of claim 9, further comprising a third conductive post with a third longitudinal axis, wherein the first longitudinal axis is aligned with the second longitudinal axis, wherein the first longitudinal axis has a first intersection point with a first perimeter of the first conductive post, the third longitudinal axis has a second intersection point with a second perimeter of the third conductive post, wherein the first intersection point is the closest intersection point within the first conductive post to the second intersection point, and wherein a line extending from the first intersection point to the second intersection point has an angle with the first longitudinal axis of between about 30° and 60°.

11. The semiconductor device of claim 8, wherein a surface of the first conductive post not facing the center of the die package is located directly over a passivation layer, the passivation layer comprising an opening at least partially filled with a reflowable material.

12. The semiconductor device of claim 11, wherein the opening has an elongated shape.

13. The semiconductor device of claim 8, wherein the first conductive post comprises copper.

14. The semiconductor device of claim 8, further comprising a second conductive post on the die package, wherein the first conductive post has a first longitudinal axis and the second conductive post has a second longitudinal axis, wherein the first longitudinal axis and the second longitudinal axis are both aligned with the center of the die package.

15. A semiconductor device comprising:
a first contact post on a first package;
a conductive region over a first substrate;
a passivation layer over the first substrate;
an opening through the passivation layer, wherein the opening is laterally offset from the first contact post in a direction parallel with a major surface of the first substrate; and
a reflowable material extending from the opening to the first contact post, wherein the reflowable material electrically connects the first contact post to the conductive region, wherein the reflowable material is in contact with a first sidewall of the first contact post but not in contact with a second sidewall of the first contact post.

16. The semiconductor device of claim 15, wherein the first contact post has a first elongated shape.

17. The semiconductor device of claim 16, wherein the opening has a second elongated shape.

18. The semiconductor device of claim 16, further comprising a second contact post having a second elongated shape, wherein the first contact post has a first longitudinal axis parallel with a second longitudinal axis of the second contact post.

19. The semiconductor device of claim 18, wherein a pitch between the first contact post and the second contact post is between about 20 μm and about 200 μm.

20. The semiconductor device of claim 18, wherein a line extending from a first top of the first contact post to a second tip of the second contact post is at an angle to the first longitudinal axis of the first contact post of between about 30° and about 60°.