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IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 

NORTHERN DISTRICT OF INDIANA 

FORT WAYNE DIVISION 

CHARLES BURRELL, ) 

 ) 

 Plaintiff, ) 

 ) 

 v. ) 1:13-cv-90 

 ) 

CAROLYN W. COLVIN, ) 

Acting Commissioner of Social Security, ) 

 ) 

 Defendant. ) 

OPINION AND ORDER 

 This matter is before the court on the petition for judicial review of the decision of the 

Commissioner filed on March 29, 2013. For the following reasons, the decision of the 

Commissioner is AFFIRMED.

Background 

The plaintiff, Charles Burrell, filed an application for Disability Insurance Benefits on 

November 2, 2010, alleging a disability onset date of September 17, 2009. Burrell=s application 

initially was denied and was denied upon reconsideration on February 24, 2011. He then filed a 

request for a hearing. A hearing was held on November 14, 2011, before ALJ Warnecke Miller. 

(Tr. 22) Burrell and Vocational Expert Robert S. Barkhaus testified at the hearing. 

On December 16, 2011, the ALJ issued a decision denying benefits. At step one of the 

sequential analysis for determining whether a claimant is disabled, the ALJ determined that 

Burrell had not engaged in substantial gainful activity since his alleged onset date. (Tr. 24) At 
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step two, he determined that Burrell had the following severe impairments: a seizure disorder, 

osteoarthritis, degenerative disc disease, and history of Reynaud=s phenomenon. (Tr. 24) At step 

three, the ALJ concluded that Burrell did not have an impairment or combination of impairments 

that satisfied a listed impairment. (Tr. 25) 

The ALJ next determined that Burrell had the residual functional capacity to perform 

light work with some additional restrictions. In reaching this conclusion, the ALJ first 

summarized Burrell=s testimony. Burrell stated that he could stand for one hour before his ankle 

began to ache and could walk about 100 yards. (Tr. 26) He experienced pain in his shoulders, 

ankles, and back. (Tr. 25) He testified that he could not work because he had seizures and was 

afraid to drive. (Tr. 26) Burrell stated that he experienced numbness in his hands while doing or 

just after doing dishes and that he could do dishes for 15-20 minutes before having to stop. (Tr. 

27) He had not talked to his doctors about his hands around the time of the hearing, and in the 

past he was told to take Tylenol. (Tr. 27) 

The ALJ next stated that he found Burrell=s medically determinable impairments could be 

expected to cause the alleged symptoms but that his statements concerning the intensity, 

persistence, and limiting effects of the symptoms were not entirely credible. (Tr. 27) The ALJ 

explained that the MRIs of his spine did not show evidence of cord impingement of the cervical 

or thoracic spine. (Tr. 27) Burrell had a fractured ankle that required surgical repair, but the 

record revealed that it healed. (Tr. 27) 

The ALJ then discussed the results of the consultative physical exam, which suggested 

that Burrell could not perform more than a limited range of light exertion. (Tr. 27) Dr. H.M. 

Bacchus noted that Burrell had poor heel and toe gait on the right but that the left was intact. 
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(Tr. 27) He could squat halfway down, could not hop on his right foot, and had some deficits 

with range of motion in his right ankle. (Tr. 27) His gait was steady, and his sustainability was 

fair to good. (Tr. 27) The ALJ stated that this was his basis for finding that Burrell could 

stand/walk for 6 hours per day. (Tr. 27) 

Dr. Bacchus also noted that Burrell=s muscle strength and tone were 3/5 in the right upper 

extremity, 4/5 in the lower right extremity, and 5/5 on his left side. (Tr. 27) His grip strength 

was 3/5 on the right and 4/5 on the left, and his fine and gross dexterity was slower in nature but 

intact. (Tr. 27) The ALJ stated that this was his basis for finding that Burrell could not do any 

overhead reaching with his right upper extremity but that there was no reason to find any 

limitations with handling and fingering. (Tr. 28) The ALJ further explained that there was 

sensory dullness to sharp and dull in the distal fingers and toes, no atrophy, spasms, or tremors, 

and a negative Romberg. (Tr. 28) Dr. Bacchus believed that Burrell might benefit from physical 

therapy on his shoulder. (Tr. 28) The ALJ stated that he gave Dr. Bacchus= observations 

moderate weight. (Tr. 28) The ALJ also stated that he gave moderate weight to the state agency 

reviewing physician=s opinion that Burrell should not lift or carry more than 20 pounds 

occasionally and 10 pounds frequently with no overhead reaching on the right, no ladders, and 

no concentrated exposure to hazards because this opinion was consistent with Dr. Bacchus=

findings. (Tr. 28) 

The ALJ then summarized the treatment records from Dr. Atiya Khan, Burrell=s 

neurologist, and Dr. Thomas Miller, who treated Burrell for Reynaud=s phenomenon. (Tr. 28) 

The ALJ also recognized that Burrell had sought treatment for pain, tingling, and numbness in 

his hands at the Cameron Hospital ER. (Tr. 28) Burrell=s physical examination was negative for 
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musculoskeletal issues, he was diagnosed with Reynaud=s syndrome, and he was told to avoid 

the cold. (Tr. 28) This is the reason the ALJ limited Burrell from exposure to the cold in his 

RFC determination. (Tr. 28) 

At step four, the ALJ determined that Burrell was not capable of returning to his past 

relevant work. (Tr. 29) At step five, the ALJ determined that there were other jobs in the 

national economy that Burrell could perform, including the light jobs of small products 

assembler (3,000 jobs regionally) and laundry folder (200 jobs regionally), and the sedentary 

jobs of addresser (200 jobs regionally), order clerk (200 jobs regionally), and telephone clerk 

(100 jobs regionally). 

Burrell filed his petition for judicial review with this court on March 29, 2013, arguing 

that the Commissioner failed to account for his Reynaud’s syndrome, did not assign the proper 

weight to Dr. Bacchus’ opinion, and erred when rendering her credibility determination. 

Discussion 

The standard for judicial review of an ALJ=s finding that a claimant is not disabled within 

the meaning of the Social Security Act is limited to a determination of whether those findings are 

supported by substantial evidence. 42 U.S.C. ' 405(g) ("The findings of the Commissioner of 

Social Security, as to any fact, if supported by substantial evidence, shall be conclusive."); 

Kastner v. Astrue, 697 F.3d 642, 646 (7th Cir. 2012); Schmidt v. Barnhart, 395 F.3d 737, 744 

(7th Cir. 2005); Lopez ex rel Lopez v. Barnhart, 336 F.3d 535, 539 (7th Cir. 2003). Substantial 

evidence has been defined as "such relevant evidence as a reasonable mind might accept to 

support such a conclusion." Richardson v. Perales, 402 U.S. 389, 401, 91 S. Ct. 1420, 1427, 28 

L. Ed.2d 852, (1972)(quoting Consolidated Edison Company v. NRLB, 305 U.S. 197, 229, 59 S. 
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Ct. 206, 217, 83 L.Ed.2d 140 (1938)); See also Shideler v. Astrue, 688 F.3d 306, 310 (7th Cir. 

2012); Jens v. Barnhart, 347 F.3d 209, 212 (7th Cir. 2003); Sims v. Barnhart, 309 F.3d 424, 428 

(7th Cir. 2002). An ALJ=s decision must be affirmed if the findings are supported by substantial 

evidence and if there have been no errors of law. Roddy v. Astrue, 705 F.3d 631, 636 (7th Cir. 

2013); Rice v. Barnhart, 384 F.3d 363, 368-369 (7th Cir. 2004); Scott v. Barnhart, 297 F.3d 

589, 593 (7th Cir. 2002). However, "the decision cannot stand if it lacks evidentiary support or 

an adequate discussion of the issues." Lopez, 336 F.3d at 539. 

Disability insurance benefits are available only to those individuals who can establish 

"disability" under the terms of the Social Security Act. The claimant must show that he is 

unable 

to engage in any substantial gainful activity by reason of any medically 

determinable physical or mental impairment which can be expected to result in 

death or which has lasted or can be expected to last for a continuous period of not 

less than 12 months. 

42 U.S.C. ' 423(d)(1)(A). 

The Social Security regulations enumerate the five-step sequential evaluation to be 

followed when determining whether a claimant has met the burden of establishing disability. 20 

C.F.R. ' 404.1520. The ALJ first considers whether the claimant is presently employed or 

"engaged in substantial gainful activity." 20 C.F.R. ' 404.1520(b). If he is, the claimant is not 

disabled and the evaluation process is over. If he is not, the ALJ next addresses whether the 

claimant has a severe impairment or combination of impairments which "significantly limits . . . 

physical or mental ability to do basic work activities." 20 C.F.R. ' 404.1520(c). Third, the ALJ 

determines whether that severe impairment meets any of the impairments listed in the 

regulations. 20 C.F.R. ' 401, pt. 404, subpt. P, app. 1. If it does, then the impairment is 
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acknowledged by the Commissioner to be conclusively disabling. However, if the impairment 

does not so limit the claimant's remaining capabilities, the ALJ reviews the claimant's "residual 

functional capacity" (RFC) and the physical and mental demands of his past work. If, at this 

fourth step, the claimant can perform his past relevant work, he will be found not disabled. 20 

C.F.R. ' 404.1520(e). However, if the claimant shows that his impairment is so severe that he is 

unable to engage in his past relevant work, then the burden of proof shifts to the Commissioner 

to establish that the claimant, in light of his age, education, job experience, and functional 

capacity to work, is capable of performing other work and that such work exists in the national 

economy. 42 U.S.C. ' 423(d)(2); 20 C.F.R. ' 404.1520(f). 

Burrell first argues that the ALJ failed to account for his manipulative limitations caused 

by his Raynaud’s disease. Although the ALJ limited Burrell to jobs that did not expose him to 

extreme cold, Burrell complains that the ALJ identified jobs that required frequent handling and 

fingering. This conflicts with his testimony that he could use his hands for two hours per day 

and Dr. Bacchus’ notes of decreased grip strength, sensory dullness, and slow dexterity. 

SSR 96-8p explains how an ALJ should assess a claimant=s RFC at steps four and five of 

the sequential evaluation. In a section entitled, ANarrative Discussion Requirements,@ SSR 96-8p 

specifically spells out what is needed in the ALJ=s RFC analysis. This section of the Ruling 

provides: 

The RFC assessment must include a narrative discussion describing how the 

evidence supports each conclusion, citing specific medical facts (e.g., laboratory 

findings) and nonmedical evidence (e.g., daily activities, observations). In 

assessing RFC, the adjudicator must discuss the individual=s ability to perform 

sustained work activities in an ordinary work setting on a regular and continuing 

basis (i.e., 8 hours a day, for 5 days a week, or an equivalent work schedule), and 

describe the maximum amount of each work-related activity the individual can 

perform based on the evidence available in the case record. The adjudicator must 
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also explain how any material inconsistencies or ambiguities in the evidence in 

the case record were considered and resolved. 

SSR 96-8p (footnote omitted). Thus, as explained in this section of the Ruling, there is a 

difference between what the ALJ must contemplate and what he must articulate in his written 

decision. See Morphew v. Apfel, 2000 WL 682661 at *3 (AThere is a distinction here [in SSR 

96-8p] between what the ALJ must consider and what the ALJ must articulate in the written 

opinion.@); Lawson v. Apfel, 2000 WL 683256, *2-4 (S.D.Ind. May 25, 2000) (ALJ who 

restricted the claimant to medium work satisfied the requirements of SSR 96-8p)(A[SSR 96-8p] 

does not require an ALJ to discuss all of a claimant=s abilities on a function-by-function basis. 

Rather, an ALJ must explain how the evidence supports his or her conclusions about the 

claimant's limitations and must discuss the claimant's ability to perform sustained work 

activities.@). 

The ALJ acknowledged that Burrell suffered from Reynaud’s disease. However, he 

concluded that there was no reason to find any handling or fingering limitations. The ALJ first 

summarized Burrell’s testimony, noting that “sometimes he has numbness in his hands”. (Tr. 

27)(emphasis added). Burrell had not talked to his doctors about his hands around the time of 

the hearing and in the past he took Tylenol only. The ALJ also summarized the medical 

evidence related to Burrell’s manipulation. He had 3/5 muscle strength and tone in his right 

upper extremity, 4/5 in his lower right extremity, and 5/5 on his left side. His grip strength was 

3/5 on the right and 4/5 on the left. His fine and gross dexterity was intact, but slower in nature. 

After noting the results of his medical examination, the ALJ determined that there was reason to 

limit Burrell from overhead reaching but no reason to find any handling or fingering limitations. 

The ALJ was clear that Dr. Bacchus’ opinions governed his decision. It was because he retained 
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greater strength is his lower extremity and because his fine and gross dexterity was intact that the 

ALJ did not find any greater limitations. Burrell has not identified one medical opinion that 

imposed greater limitations. The only limitation made by a medical source in conjunction with 

his Reynauld’s Syndrome was that provided by the emergency room physician who told Burrell 

to avoid extreme cold, as the ALJ adopted. The record was devoid any significant treatment or 

any opinion by either Burrell’s treating physician or the state consultative physicians indicating 

that greater restrictions were necessary. 

The only evidence that contradicts the ALJ’s conclusion was Burrell’s own testimony, 

which the ALJ determined was not credible. This court will sustain the ALJ=s credibility 

determination unless it is Apatently wrong@ and not supported by the record. Schmidt v. Astrue, 

496 F.3d 833, 843 (7th Cir. 2007); Prochaska v. Barnhart, 454 F.3d 731, 738 (7th Cir. 2006) 

(AOnly if the trier of fact grounds his credibility finding in an observation or argument that is 

unreasonable or unsupported ... can the finding be reversed.@). The ALJ=s Aunique position to 

observe a witness@ entitles his opinion to great deference. Nelson v. Apfel, 131 F.3d 1228, 1237 

(7th Cir. 1997); Allord v. Barnhart, 455 F.3d 818, 821 (7th Cir. 2006). However, if the ALJ does 

not make explicit findings and does not explain them Ain a way that affords meaningful review,@

the ALJ=s credibility determination is not entitled to deference. Steele v. Barnhart, 290 F.3d 

936, 942 (7th Cir. 2002). Further, Awhen such determinations rest on objective factors or 

fundamental implausibilities rather than subjective considerations [such as a claimant=s 

demeanor], appellate courts have greater freedom to review the ALJ=s decision.@ Clifford v. 

Apfel, 227 F.3d 863, 872 (7th Cir. 2000). 
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The ALJ must determine a claimant=s credibility only after considering all of the 

claimant=s Asymptoms, including pain, and the extent to which [the claimant=s] symptoms can 

reasonably be accepted as consistent with the objective medical evidence and other evidence.@ 

20 C.F.R. '404.1529(a); Arnold v. Barnhart, 473 F.3d 816, 823 (7th Cir.2007)(Asubjective 

complaints need not be accepted insofar as they clash with other, objective medical evidence in 

the record.@); Scheck v. Barnhart, 357 F.3d 697, 703 (7th Cir. 2004). If the claimant=s 

impairments reasonably could produce the symptoms of which the claimant was complaining, 

the ALJ must evaluate the intensity and persistence of the claimant=s symptoms through 

consideration of the claimant=s Amedical history, the medical signs and laboratory findings, and 

statements from [the claimant, the claimant=s] treating or examining physician or psychologist, or 

other persons about how [the claimant=s] symptoms affect [the claimant].@ 20 C.F.R. 

'404.1529(c); Moore v. Colvin, 13-2460; Schmidt v. Barnhart, 395 F.3d 737, 746-747 (7th Cir. 

2005)(AThese regulations and cases, taken together, require an ALJ to articulate specific reasons 

for discounting a claimant=s testimony as being less than credible, and preclude an ALJ from 

merely ignoring the testimony or relying solely on a conflict between the objective medical 

evidence and the claimant=s testimony as a basis for a negative credibility finding.@). 

Although a claimant=s complaints of pain cannot be totally unsupported by the medical 

evidence, the ALJ may not make a credibility determination Asolely on the basis of objective 

medical evidence.@ SSR 96-7p, at *1. See also Moore v. Colvin, 13-2460; Indoranto v. 

Barnhart, 374 F.3d 470, 474 (7th Cir. 2004); Carradine v. Barnhart, 360 F.3d 751, 754 (7th 

Cir. 2004) (AIf pain is disabling, the fact that its source is purely psychological does not disentitle 

the applicant to benefits.@). Rather, if the 
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[c]laimant indicates that pain is a significant factor of his or her alleged inability to work, 

the ALJ must obtain detailed descriptions of the claimant=s daily activities by directing 

specific inquiries about the pain and its effects to the claimant. She must investigate all 

avenues presented that relate to pain, including claimant=s prior work record, information 

and observations by treating physicians, examining physicians, and third parties. Factors 

that must be considered include the nature and intensity of the claimant=s pain, 

precipitation and aggravating factors, dosage and effectiveness of any pain medications, 

other treatment for relief of pain, functional restrictions, and the claimant=s daily 

activities. (internal citations omitted). 

Luna v. Shalala, 22 F.3d 687, 691 (7th Cir. 1994); see also Zurawski v. Halter, 245 F.3d 

881, 887-88 (7th Cir. 2001). 

In addition, when the ALJ discounts the claimant=s description of pain because it is 

inconsistent with the objective medical evidence, he must make more than Aa single, conclusory 

statement . . . . The determination or decision must contain specific reasons for the finding on 

credibility, supported by the evidence in the case record, and must be sufficiently specific to 

make clear to the individual and to any subsequent reviewers the weight the adjudicator gave to 

the individual=s statements and the reasons for that weight.@ SSR 96-7p, at *2. See Zurawski, 

245 F.3d at 887; Diaz v. Chater, 55 F.3d 300, 307-08 (7th Cir. 1995) (finding that the ALJ must 

articulate, at some minimum level, his analysis of the evidence). He must Abuild an accurate and 

logical bridge from the evidence to [her] conclusion.@ Zurawski, 245 F.3d at 887 (quoting 

Clifford v. Apfel, 227 F.3d 863, 872 (7th Cir. 2000)). When the evidence conflicts regarding the 

extent of the claimant=s limitations, the ALJ may not simply rely on a physician=s statement that a 

claimant may return to work without examining the evidence the ALJ is rejecting. See 

Zurawski, 245 F.3d at 888 (quoting Bauzo v. Bowen, 803 F.2d 917, 923 (7th Cir. 1986)) (ABoth 

the evidence favoring the claimant as well as the evidence favoring the claim=s rejection must be 

examined, since review of the substantiality of evidence takes into account whatever in the 

record fairly detracts from its weight.@) (emphasis in original). 
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Burrell complains that the ALJ did not consider his extensive work history, complaints, 

limited activities of daily living, or the precipitating or aggravating factors of his pain. Burrell 

challenges the ALJ’s use of boilerplate language, arguing that the ALJ failed to construct a 

logical bridge. Although the ALJ did not engage in a lengthy discussion, he did address the 

factors Burrell identified. The ALJ noted that Burrell had a broad range of daily activities and 

ongoing social contacts and that he lived independently. Earlier, he summarized Burrell’s 

activities, noting that he watched sports, hunted, fished, and did his own dishes and laundry. He 

further noted that he reported performing activities during the day at the light level of exertion, 

including driving a car, using a riding lawn mower, and using farm equipment. Following the 

credibility boilerplate, the ALJ also explained his reasons for discounting Burrell’s complaints of 

pain. He noted that he took over the counter pain medication and that the medical evidence did 

not support the functional loss to which he testified. He also summarized Burrell’s testimony, 

including that related to pain and aggravating activities. Under step 4, he further noted Burrell’s 

work history. 

The record reflects that the ALJ considered all of these elements, although he did not 

explain them cohesively in one place. However, the ALJ considered the record as a whole and 

provided explanation of the strongest reasons to support his determination. He need not engage 

in a thorough discussion of each element, but only must provide an explanation in a way that 

affords meaningful review. The ALJ has done so by relying on the inconsistent medical 

evidence and Burrell’s daily activites, and Burrell has failed to show that his credibility decision 

was patently wrong. Because the ALJ has supported his credibility determination adequately and 

Burrell has not identified any additional evidence of record to show that his Reynauld’s 
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syndrome was more limiting than the ALJ determined, the court AFFIRMS the Commissioner’s 

decision on these issues. 

Burrell also argues that the ALJ failed to consider or specify the weight given to Dr. 

Bacchus’ opinion. Dr. Bacchus stated that Burrell may benefit from physical therapy on his right 

shoulder and may have difficulty with repetitive pushing, pulling, lifting, and reaching involving 

his right shoulder. The ALJ adopted Dr. Bacchus’ opinion that Burrell may benefit from 

physical therapy, but he did not address the pushing, pulling, lifting, and reaching limitations or 

provide any explanation for his decision not to adopt these limitations. 

Although Burrell argues that the ALJ did not designate the weight he assigned to Dr. 

Burrell’s opinion, review of the record shows that the ALJ stated that he gave Dr. Bacchus’ 

opinions moderate weight. Burrell also argues that the ALJ ignored Dr. Bacchus’ opinion that 

Burrrell “may have difficulty with repetitive pushing, pulling, lifting and reaching involving his 

right shoulder.” The court disagrees. The ALJ adopted Dr. Bacchus’ opinion that Burrell could 

not do any overhead reaching because of his shoulder but explained that no further limitations 

were necessary given Dr. Bacchus’ findings regarding muscle strength and tone, grip strength, 

dexterity, and the consistency of the reviewing physician’s opinion with the ALJ’s ultimate 

conclusion. 

Burrell also complains that the ALJ did not adopt Dr. Bacchus’ lifting limitation or 

provide an explanation. Again, the ALJ adopted a limitation consistent with Dr. Bacchus’ 

opinion. Dr. Bacchus stated only that Burrell may have some difficulty with lifting. The ALJ 

limited Burrell to lifting and carrying no more than 20 pounds occasionally and 10 pounds 

frequently, explaining that this was consistent with the state reviewer’s opinion and Dr. Bacchus’ 

objective findings, again referring to the strength and tone results and other findings. 
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Moreover, Dr. Bacchus did not state that Burrell could not lift for any duration. The ALJ 

identified both light and sedentary jobs. Sedentary jobs involve lifting no more than 10 pounds 

at a time and lifting these items only “occasionally”. Occasionally means up to one-third of the 

time. SSR 83-10. Burrell has not shown how the ALJ’s limitation to occasional lifting is 

inconsistent with Dr. Bacchus’ opinion that he may have difficulty lifting. 

The ALJ did not place any restrictions on Burrell’s ability to push or pull. The 

Commissioner argues that light jobs do not require repetitive pushing and pulling, and therefore 

Burrell has not identified a conflict between the ALJ’s finding and the activities Burrell argues 

he overlooked. The ALJ restricted Burrell to light work, which is defined as work that “requires 

a good deal of walking or standing or when it involves sitting most of the time with some 

pushing and pulling of arm or leg controls.” 20 CFR § 404.1567. It is not clear whether jobs 

that require “some” pushing and pulling are consistent a limitation against “repetitive” pushing 

and pulling. However, the court need not resolve this. The ALJ also identified sedentary jobs 

that someone with Burrell’s RFC could perform. Sedentary jobs are those that involve “lifting 

no more than 10 pounds at a time and occasionally lifting or carrying articles like docket files, 

ledgers, and small tools. Although a sedentary job is defined as one which involves sitting, a 

certain amount of walking and standing is often necessary in carrying out job duties. Jobs are 

sedentary if walking and standing are required occasionally and other sedentary criteria are met.” 

20 C.F.R. § 404.1467. By definition, sedentary work does not require pushing and pulling. 

Therefore, even if the ALJ erred in finding that Burrell could perform light work because he has 

restrictions with pushing and pulling, this error was harmless because sedentary jobs were 

available despite the restriction on pushing and pulling. 

Based on the foregoing reasons, the decision of the Commissioner is AFFIRMED.
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 ENTERED this 7th day of July, 2014 

/s/ Andrew P. Rodovich 

United States Magistrate Judge