UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

NORTHERN DISTRICT OF INDIANA

HAMMOND DIVISION

PEGGY SUE POTREBIC, )

Plaintiff, )

)

v. ) CAUSE NO.: 2:13-CV-126-PRC

)

CAROLYN W. COLVIN, )

Acting Commissioner of the )

Social Security Administration, )

Defendant. )

OPINION AND ORDER

This matter is before the Court on a Complaint [DE 1], filed by Plaintiff Peggy Sue Potrebic

on April 12, 2013, and Plaintiff’s Memorandum in Support of Her Motion for Summary Judgment

[DE 19], filed on October 1, 2013. Plaintiff requests that the December 9, 2011 decision of the

Administrative Law Judge denying her claims for disability insurance benefits and supplemental

security income be reversed for an award of benefits or remanded for further proceedings. On

December 13, 2013, the Commissioner filed a response, and Plaintiff filed a reply on January 28,

2014. For the following reasons, the Court grants Plaintiff’s request for remand.

BACKGROUND

Plaintiff Peggy Sue Potrebic suffers from bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome and worsening

rheumatoid arthritis in both hands with pain, swelling, and tenderness. She alleges disability due to

bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome, arthritis in both hands, chronic lower back pain, and depression.

On June 17, 2010, Plaintiff filed applications for disability insurance benefits and

supplemental security income, alleging an onset date of January 8, 2010. The applications were

denied initially on October 5, 2010, and upon reconsideration on January 11, 2011. Plaintiff filed

a timely request for a hearing, which was held on November 18, 2011, before Administrative Law
Judge (“ALJ”) William E. Sampson. In appearance were Plaintiff, her attorney, and vocational

expert Thomas Grzesik. The ALJ issued a written decision denying benefits on December 9, 2011,

making the following findings:

1. The claimant meets the insured status requirements of the Social

Security Act through December 14, 2014.

2. The claimant has not engaged in substantial gainful activity since

January 8, 2010, the alleged onset date (20 CFR 404.1571 et seq., and

416.971 et seq.).

3. The claimant has the following severe impairments: mild

degenerative joint disease in the hips; disc herniation at C4-C5; mild

degenerative disc disease at L5-S1; rheumatoid arthritis; mild arthritis

in the hands and major depressive disorder (20 CFR 404.1520(c) and

416.920(c)).

4. The claimant does not have an impairment or combination of

impairments that meets or medically equals the severity of one of the

listed impairments in 20 CFR Part 404, Subpart P, Appendix 1 (20

CFR 404.1520(d), 404.1525, 416.920(d), 416.925 and 416.926).

5. After careful consideration of the entire record, the undersigned finds

that the claimant has the residual functional capacity to perform less

than the full range of sedentary work as defined in 20 CFR

414.1567(a) and 416.967(a). The claimant could lift/carry and

push/pull a maximum of 10 pounds; sit a total of about six hours in

an eight-hour workday and stand/walk a total of about two hours in

an eight-hour workday. She could only occasionally use her hands.

She is limited to simple, repetitive and routine tasks.

6. The claimant is unable to perform any past relevant work (20 CFR

404.1565 and 416.965).

7. The claimant was born [in 1966] and was 43 years old, which is

defined as a younger individual age 18-44, on the alleged disability

onset date (20 CFR 404.1563 and 416.963).

8. The claimant has at least a high school education and is able to

communicate in English (20 CFR 404.1564 and 416.964).

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9. Transferability of job skills is not material to the determination of

disability because using the Medical-Vocational Rules as a

framework supports a finding that the claimant is “not disabled,”

whether or not the claimant has transferable job skills (See SSR 82-

41 and 20 CFR Part 404, Subpart P, Appendix 2).

10. Considering the claimant’s age, education, work experience, and

residual functional capacity, there are jobs that exist in significant

numbers in the national economy that the claimant can perform (20

CFR 404.1569, 404.1569(a), 416.969, and 416.969(a)).

11. The claimant has not been under a disability, as defined in the Social

Security Act, from January 8, 2010, through the date of this decision

(20 CFR 404.1520(g) and 416.920(g)).

(AR 11-21).

On February 20, 2013, the Appeals Council denied Plaintiff’s request for review, leaving the

ALJ’s decision the final decision of the Commissioner. See 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.981, 416.1481. On

April 12, 2013, Plaintiff filed this civil action pursuant to 42 U.S.C. §§ 405(g) and 1383(c)(3) for

review of the Agency’s decision.

The parties filed forms of consent to have this case assigned to a United States Magistrate

Judge to conduct all further proceedings and to order the entry of a final judgment in this case.

Therefore, this Court has jurisdiction to decide this case pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 636(c) and 42

U.S.C. § 405(g).

ANALYSIS

In support of her request for reversal and an award of benefits or for remand and further

proceedings, Plaintiff argues that the ALJ made several errors in determining Plaintiff’s RFC and

evaluating her credibility. The Court considers each in turn.

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A. Residual Functional Capacity

The RFC is a measure of what an individual can do despite the limitations imposed by her

impairments. Young v. Barnhart, 362 F.3d 995, 1000 (7th Cir. 2004); 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1545(a),

416.945(a). The determination of a claimant’s RFC is a legal decision rather than a medical one. 20

C.F.R. §§ 404.1527(e)(1), 416.927(e)(2); Diaz, 55 F.3d at 306 n.2. The RFC is an issue at steps four

and five of the sequential evaluation process. SSR 96-8p, 1996 WL 374184, *3 (July 2, 1996). The

ALJ’s RFC finding must be supported by substantial evidence. Clifford, 227 F.3d at 870.

“The RFC assessment is a function-by-function assessment based upon all of the relevant

evidence of an individual’s ability to do work-related activities.” SSR 96-8p, at *3. The relevant

evidence includes medical history; medical signs and laboratory findings; the effects of symptoms,

including pain, that are reasonably attributed to a medically determinable impairment; evidence from

attempts to work; need for a structured living environment; and work evaluations, if available. Id.

at *5. In arriving at an RFC, the ALJ “must consider all allegations of physical and mental

limitations or restrictions and make every reasonable effort to ensure that the file contains sufficient

evidence to assess RFC.” Id. In addition, he “must consider limitations and restrictions imposed by

all of an individual’s impairments, even those that are not ‘severe’” because they “may–when

considered with limitations or restrictions due to other impairments–be critical to the outcome of a

claim.” Id. Plaintiff attacks several aspects of the ALJ’s RFC determination.

1. Concentration, Persistence, or Pace

At step three of the sequential analysis, when analyzing the “paragraph B” criteria, the ALJ

found that Plaintiff had “moderate difficulties in maintaining concentration, persistence or pace.”

(AR 14). As recognized by the ALJ, the limitations identified in the “paragraph B” criteria are not

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a residual functional capacity assessment, but rather are used to rate the severity of mental

impairments at steps two and three of the sequential evaluation process. In the RFC determination,

the ALJ included a “limitation to simple, routine, and repetitive tasks.” (AR 18). Plaintiff argues that

the ALJ erred by limiting her in the RFC to simple, repetitive, routine tasks to account for her

moderate difficulties in concentration, persistence, or pace.

Generally, the medical evidence as well as the ALJ’s discussion of that evidence appear to

support the mental limitations in the RFC as accommodating Plaintiff’s moderate difficulties in

concentration, persistence, or pace. However, because the ALJ gave little weight to the opinion of

Ann Lovko, Ph.D., the only medical source of record who translated a finding of moderate

difficulties in concentration, persistence, or pace into functional limitations, remand is required for

clarification of how the ALJ arrived at translating Plaintiff’s mental impairment into the RFC

limitation.

There are no treatment records by a mental health professional in the record. However, on

September 8, 2010, Roger L. Parks, Psy.D. conducted a clinical interview and a mental status

examination on behalf of the state agency. (AR 342-45). Dr. Parks noted that Plaintiff reported her

physical ailments and that she did not experience any side effects from the medications she was

taking for those conditions. Plaintiff reported to Dr. Parks that she experienced frequent crying

spells, had become more isolated, was feeling worthless, and entertained suicidal thoughts twice a

week. Plaintiff told Dr. Parks that she made a suicide attempt two years earlier with an overdose of

Xanax and Lexapro and was hospitalized at Porter Memorial Hospital as a result. She told Dr. Parks

that she “pulls [her]self out of it” when she has suicidal thoughts. (AR 342). She reported having

a low energy level most of the time and struggled to get out of bed because of her arthritis. Plaintiff

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reported that she was not then-currently taking any antidepressant medications nor was she involved

in counseling. 

Discussing her past work, Plaintiff reported that she was terminated from Denny’s restaurant

in January 2010 for calling off work excessively, which was because of pain in her hands from

carpal tunnel syndrome. She also reported having been “fired from jobs due to conflicts with the

owner and, on one occasion, as a result of sexual harassment by a colleague.” (AR 343).

On mental status examination, Plaintiff appeared depressed as reflected in constricted affect

and occasional tearfulness. Dr. Parks found her thought processes rational and coherent. Plaintiff

was cooperative and maintained concentration fairly well. She made some errors in proverb

interpretation, calculations, and serial sevens. Although she incorrectly stated the number of weeks

in a year, she knew the seasons, the month of Labor Day, and the location of the nation’s capital.

Regarding her current level of daily functioning, Dr. Parks noted Plaintiff’s discussion of her

activities of daily living, including that she spends time on the computer, listens to music, and reads

novels. She reported that she stays home most of the time except for outings to the grocery store and

errands with her daughters. She stated that she had difficulty trusting other people and has no current

friends. In the “Medical Source Statement,” Dr. Parks wrote:

Based upon results from the Mental Status Examination, it appears that [Plaintiff] is

able to learn, recall, and comprehend simple instructions, and complete simple tasks.

Although she appeared depressed, she was able to interact appropriately with this

examiner as she conveyed a pleasant and cooperative demeanor. [Plaintiff] claimed

that she has experienced conflicts with supervisors in the workplace which has

resulted in a few terminations of previous jobs.

(AR 344) (emphasis added). Dr. Parks gave an Axis-I diagnosis of recurrent major depressive

disorder. Dr. Parks did not give an opinion on Plaintiff’s functional limitations.

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In contrast, on September 14, 2010, Dr. Lovko, a consultative reviewer, completed a

Psychiatric Review Technique form, checking the boxes for mild limitations in restrictions of

activities of daily living and difficulties in maintaining social functioning and checking the box for

a moderate degree of limitation in difficulties in maintaining concentration, persistence, or pace.

(AR 361). Dr. Lovko also completed a Mental Residual Functional Capacity Assessment form. In

the section for “sustained concentration and persistence,” she checked two of seven boxes as

“moderately limited” as opposed to “not significantly limited” for the other five boxes. The two

checked boxes were for (1) the ability to maintain attention and concentration for extended periods

and for (2) the ability to complete a normal workday and workweek without interruptions from

psychologically based symptoms and to perform at a consistent pace without an unreasonable

number and length of rest periods. (AR 347-48). 

Dr. Lovko noted that Dr. Parks opined that Plaintiff was able to learn, recall, and

comprehend simple instructions and complete simple tasks and that, despite being depressed,

Plaintiff was able to interact appropriately with the examiner. Dr. Lovko found Plaintiff’s allegations

of symptoms credible as supported by the consulting examiner, although not the medical evidence

of record. Dr. Lovko found that Plaintiff’s alleged level of severity was only partially credible given

that most of her limitations in activities of daily living were because of her physical problems. Dr.

Lovko explained that Plaintiff’s concentration was moderately impacted but appeared “reasonable

for tasks.” (AR 349). She further explained that Plaintiff appeared able to tolerate superficial, casual

interactions with others. Thus, Dr. Lovko determined that, “[t]o the extent his/her physical condition

permits, the evidence suggests that claimant can understand, remember, and carry-out tasks. The

claimant can relate on at least a superficial basis on an ongoing basis with co-workers and

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supervisors. The claimant can attend to task[sic] for sufficient periods of time to complete tasks. The

claimant can manage the stresses involved with work.” (AR 349).

In including the limitation to simple, routine, and repetitive tasks in the RFC, the ALJ

correctly noted the minimal mental health treatment in the record that consisted of “sporadic

medication management with no treatment by a mental health professional.” (AR 18). In support,

the ALJ noted a letter on a facsimile coversheet from Plaintiff’s treating physician, Teofilo S.

Bautista, MD, dated September 24, 2010, in which he notes in a historical narrative that Plaintiff was

started on Xanax for anxiety at some point. The ALJ then discussed the consultative examination

by Dr. Parks and Plaintiff’s testimony regarding her activities of daily living. 

Next, the ALJ gave great weight to the opinion of Dr. Parks that Plaintiff was able to learn,

recall, and comprehend simple instructions and complete simple tasks, as consistent with the

objective findings. (AR 19). This is the finding the ALJ relied on to formulate the RFC. However,

the ALJ gave less weight to Dr. Lovko’s opinions that Plaintiff could understand, remember and

carry out tasks; relate on a superficial and ongoing basis with coworkers and supervisors; attend to

tasks for a sufficient period to complete them; and manage the stresses involved with work. The ALJ

explicitly gave less weight to the opinion of Dr. Lovko in favor of giving more weight to the opinion

of Dr. Parks.

The ALJ must address a claimant’s limitations with regard to concentration, persistence, or

pace when assessing the claimant’s RFC. See Stewart v. Astrue, 561 F.3d 679, 685 (7th Cir. 2009);

Craft v. Astrue, 539 F.3d 668, 677-78 (7th Cir. 2008). The Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals has

held that a limitation to simple, routine tasks in the hypothetical posed to the vocational expert “does

not necessarily address deficiencies in concentration, persistence and pace.” See O’Connor-Spinner,

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627 F.3d at 619; see also Lewis ex rel. J.M. v. Colvin, (N.D. Ill. Aug. 28, 2014) (summarizing the

reasoning behind this holding and case law applying it). The issue in this case is whether the ALJ

properly accounted for Plaintiff’s moderate difficulties in concentration, persistence, or pace by

incorporating a “limitation to simple, routine, and repetitive tasks” in the RFC.

The Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals has held that an ALJ properly accounts for a

claimant’s difficulties with concentration, persistence, or pace in the RFC by incorporating a medical

expert’s translation of moderate limitations in concentration, persistence, or pace into a specific RFC

assessment for simple, routine, and repetitive tasks. See Johansen v. Barnhart, 314 F.3d 283, 289

(7th Cir. 2002) (holding that the ALJ properly relied on the only medical expert who made an RFC

determination and who translated a moderate limitation in the ability to maintain a regular schedule

and attendance into the ability to perform low-stress, repetitive work); see also Milliken v. Astrue,

397 F. App’x 218, 221-22 (7th Cir. 2010); Wynstra v. Astrue, 2:11-CV-437, 2013 WL 550491, at

*10-11 (N.D. Ind. Feb. 12, 2013); Williams v. Astrue, 1:11-CV-390, 2013 WL 228199, at *6-7 (N.D.

Ind. Jan. 22, 2013). In this case, the ALJ gave great weight to Dr. Parks’ opinion, and in his medical

source statement, Dr. Parks opined that Plaintiff could “learn, recall, and comprehend simple

instructions, and complete simple tasks.” (AR 344). However, Dr. Parks did not give an opinion on

Plaintiff’s limitations in concentration, persistence, and pace, and, thus, did not “translate” any

findings on mental difficulties.

In contrast, Dr. Lovko made the finding that Plaintiff had moderate difficulties in

concentration, persistence, or pace and then opined that Plaintiff can understand, remember, and

carry out tasks, can attend to tasks for sufficient periods of time to complete tasks, and can manage

the stresses involved with work. The ALJ gave little weight to Dr. Lovko’s translated RFC findings,

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perhaps because they are less restrictive than those of Dr. Parks and because the ALJ found that

Plaintiff’s mental residual functional capacity was more restricted than opined by Dr. Lovko. Thus,

the ALJ did not rely on any medical expert to translate Plaintiff’s moderate limitations in

concentration, persistence, and pace into the functional limitation to “simple, routine, and repetitive

tasks.” In addition, Dr. Parks’ medical source statement included a limitation to “simple

instructions,” which the ALJ neither rejected, included in the RFC, nor explained how it might be

incorporated in the limitation to “simple, routine, and repetitive tasks.”

Although it may be that the limitation to “simple, routine, and repetitive tasks” is sufficient

in this case to accommodate Plaintiff’s moderate limitations in concentration, persistence, or pace,

the disconnect in the ALJ’s weighing of the opinion evidence leaves the Court unable to say that

substantial evidence supports the ALJ’s decision. Compare Griffin v. Astrue, 11 C 5901, 2012 WL

3006982, at *8 (N.D. Ill. July 23, 2012) (finding that the ALJ summarized the medical evidence but

did not explain how he made the jump from moderate difficulties in concentration, persistence, and

pace to the restriction to simple, routine, and repetitive tasks).

2. Limitations in Social Functioning

Plaintiff argues that the ALJ erred by failing to incorporate any limitations in the RFC to

address her inability to interact with persons other than her immediate family. In crafting the RFC,

the ALJ did not err when he found that Plaintiff had no difficulty maintaining social functioning.

The ALJ cited ample evidence from the record to support his finding, and substantial evidence

supports the ALJ’s RFC on limitations in social functioning.

First, Plaintiff notes that she testified that, other than her family, she did not communicate

with anybody. (Pl. Br. 13 (citing AR 50)). However, in that portion of the hearing, the ALJ asked,

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“Are you having any trouble being around people or having any trouble dealing with people other

than your family?” (AR 50). This was Plaintiff’s opportunity to answer that she cannot interact with

others, the public, or supervisors. But she did not. Instead, she answered, “I don’t communicate with

anybody.” (AR 50). Plaintiff was represented by counsel, and her attorney did not elicit different

testimony if she did in fact have trouble interacting with others than her family. When considering

her testimony as a whole, it appears that Plaintiff does not communicate with anybody else because

she rarely leaves her house due to her physical impairments.

Moreover, Plaintiff worked as a server at Denny’s restaurant full-time for four years until

January 2010. She did not testify that she had any difficulty interacting with management or the

customers that she dealt with regularly throughout her shift on a daily basis. Rather, she was fired

from that job for excessive absences as a result of her physical ailments.

Plaintiff next points to her statements to Dr. Parks that she has difficulty trusting other people

and that she has experienced conflicts with supervisors in the workplace that resulted in termination

of a few previous jobs. (AR 344). Dr. Parks noted Plaintiff’s report that she had nine jobs in the past

fifteen years. Her longest job lasted for eight years at Dune’s restaurant as a server. She quit that job

shortly after her daughter died. She reported working full time for four years at Denny’s restaurant

until she was terminated in January 2010 for calling off excessively. She quit another job because

of sexual harassment by a colleague. 

The ALJ addressed Dr. Parks’ notation that Plaintiff claimed that workplace conflict resulted

in her termination in the past on the basis that “[t]here is no evidence of this in the record.” (AR 19).

At the hearing, Plaintiff’s attorney acknowledged that Plaintiff was fired from her job at Denny’s

because of her physical limitations, and the ALJ discussed this fact in his decision. (AR 16, 31).

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 Plaintiff then notes that Dr. Parks did not offer an opinion on Plaintiff’s ability to function

socially in the workplace other than to note Plaintiff’s statements. Plaintiff interprets this lack of

statement by Dr. Parks as “implying likely repetition of conflicts in the future.” (Pl. Br. 13). The

Court disagrees. Given the lack of any other statement in the record, including in Plaintiff’s adult

disability reports or her hearing testimony, regarding conflicts with supervisors much less being

terminated as a result of such conflicts, the more reasonable interpretation of Dr. Parks’ lack of

opinion on any difficulties with social functioning in the workplace is that he did not feel that any

limitations were warranted. Regardless, the fact remains that Dr. Parks did not offer an opinion on

social functioning, and the evidence of record does not support the imposition of any.1

In her reply brief, Plaintiff illogically attempts to reason that getting fired for “calling off

excessively,” that being sexually harassed by a coworker, and that quitting a job after her daughter’s

death are all strong indications of social withdrawal and isolative behavior not inconsistent with the

statement that “she does not get along well with others.” (Pl. Reply 9). Getting fired for excessive

absences due to a physical impairment implies nothing more than that you were fired because you

could not do your job. Plaintiff may wish to characterize this is a “conflict” with supervisors, but

the conflict would be over her absenteeism and not over social difficulties. Being sexually harassed

does not mean that Plaintiff cannot interact with others; that Plaintiff makes this argument is

surprising. And, leaving work after the death of a child, an isolated event, does not mean that

1

 Plaintiff cites two cases for the proposition that a doctor’s silence cannot be interpreted as substantial evidence

for an ALJ’s functional capacity determination. (Pl. Br. 7 (citing Hutsell v. Massanari, 259 F.3d 707, 712 (8th Cir. 2001);

Lamb v. Bowen, 847 F.2d 698, 703 (11th Cir. 1988)). In Hutsell, a case from the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals, the

doctor was not asked to give an opinion on functional capacity. In this case, Dr. Parks gave a medical source statement.

Therein, he chose not to include any limitations regarding social functioning, although he did give an opinion on

concentration, persistence, and pace. In Lamb, a case from the Eleventh Circuit Court of Appeals, the doctor opined that

the claimant’s condition was not compatible with his former employment. 847 F.2d at 703. The court noted that while

the doctor did not restrict the claimant from light work, neither did he recommend light work, and concluded that “[s]uch

silence is equally susceptible to either inference, therefore, no inference should be taken.” Id.

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Plaintiff cannot routinely interact with others; again, it is surprising that Plaintiff makes this

argument.

Next, Plaintiff notes that Dr. Lovko gave great weight to Dr. Parks’ medical source statement

as consistent with medical evidence of record and activities of daily living data. (AR 349). First, this

statement by Dr. Lovko comes at the end of a paragraph that summarizes not only the statement

regarding conflicts with supervisors but also Plaintiff’s ability to learn, recall, and comprehend

simple instructions and to complete simple tasks. Second, Dr. Lovko did not identify what other

medical evidence or activities of daily living support Plaintiff’s statement that she was fired from 

previous work due to conflicts with supervisors. Rather, the remainder of Dr. Lovko’s functional

capacity assessment discusses the evidence related to Plaintiff’s ability to concentrate. Then, without

other evidence in the record of difficulty interacting with others, Dr. Lovko opined that Plaintiff

could relate “on at least a superficial basis on an ongoing basis with co-workers and supervisors.”

(AR 349). Dr. Lovko’s opinion limiting Plaintiff’s ability to interact socially was properly rejected

by the ALJ as unsupported by the evidence of record.

Plaintiff contests the weight given to this opinion of Dr. Lovko by arguing that the ALJ’s

reasoning is internally inconsistent. Plaintiff argues that (1) the ALJ gave great weight to Dr. Parks’

opinion and (2) Dr. Lovko’s opinion on social functioning is supported by Dr. Parks’ opinion on

social functioning. The problem with Plaintiff’s reasoning is that Dr. Parks did not give an opinion

on Plaintiff’s social functioning; rather, he only reported Plaintiff’s statement about conflicts with

supervisors. And, the ALJ explicitly and properly rejected that statement made to Dr. Parks as

unsupported by the record: “[Dr. Parks] noted the claimant reported she experienced conflict with

her supervisors in the past, which resulted in terminations (Exhibit 3F). There is no evidence of this

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in the record. Other than the comment relating to social functioning problems, which was based

upon the claimant’s own report, the undersigned gives this opinion great weight as it is consistent

with the objective findings discussed in Exhibit 3F.” (AR 19) (emphasis added).

Plaintiff argues that the instant case is analogous to Blanchard v. Astrue, 10-CV-338, 2011

WL 839535 (E.D. Wis. Mar. 7, 2011), in which the ALJ discounted a physician’s findings by relying

on an opinion that supported the discounted physician’s assessment of social functioning. In that

case, the ALJ gave only “conclusory reasons” for giving very little weight to the treating physician’s

opinion. Id. at *5. In a similar vein, Plaintiff argues that the ALJ did not adequately explain why he

rejected this portion of Dr. Lovko’s opinion, in violation of Social Security Ruling 96-6p. Plaintiff’s

reliance on Blanchard is misplaced and the ALJ did not violate SSR 96-6p because, as set forth

above, the ALJ did not give “conclusory reasons” for discounting the weight of Dr. Lovko’s opinion

on social functioning.

On the June 6, 2010 adult function report, Plaintiff checked the box indicating that her

condition affects “getting along with others.” (AR 189). However, on the same form, she wrote that

she can follow written instructions “well” and spoken instructions “very well.” Id. On the next page,

in response to the question, “How well do you get along with authority figures?” she responded,

“very well.” (AR 190). The next question asked whether she had been fired or laid off from a job

because of problems getting along with other people. She checked the box for “yes,” but then her

explanation provided: “[I] worked for Denny’s for four years as waitress/hostess and because of

[my] illness they fired [me].” Id. Plaintiff did not offer any examples of being fired because of not

getting along with others. Plaintiff’s mother completed a similar form and did not check the box that

Plaintiff’s conditions affected “getting along with others.” (AR 202). She wrote that Plaintiff got

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along “ok” with authority figures and, notably, answered “no” to the question of whether Plaintiff

had ever been fired or laid off from a job because of problems getting along with other people.

Plaintiff next argues that the ALJ mischaracterizes five aspects of the medical evidence

relevant to Plaintiff’s mental capabilities. First, Plaintiff maintains that the ALJ reasoned that

Plaintiff received no mental health treatment. (Pl. Br. 14). This is incorrect. The ALJ stated that there

was “minimal” treatment for depression. (AR 18). The ALJ noted sporadic medication management

with no treatment by a mental health professional. Id. In support, the ALJ cited the same facsimile

note dated September 24, 2010 from Dr. Bautista identified by Plaintiff in her brief that Plaintiff had

been prescribed Xanax for anxiety. (AR 368). Although it appears the word “psychiatrist” is written

in that note, it is unclear how the word is being used due to the illegibility of portions of the note.

Regardless, the ALJ is correct that there are no treatment records from a mental health professional

in the record.

Second, Plaintiff points to her March 2011 statement on a disability report appeal form: “In

the process on[sic] seeing a therapist for depression, RA pain much worse b/c of cold weather.” (AR

216). It is not clear from this statement whether Plaintiff was actually seeing a therapist or was in

the process of identifying a therapist. Regardless, there are no treatment records from a therapist.

Third, Plaintiff criticizes the ALJ for stating that “claimant was never psychiatrically

hospitalized.” (AR 18). Plaintiff points to Dr. Parks’ report in which he reported that Plaintiff stated

that she had made a suicide attempt two years earlier when she took an overdose of Xanax and

Lexapro and was hospitalized at porter Memorial Hospital. (AR 342). Again, this is Plaintiff’s

report, and there is no evidence of record of this hospitalization. Plaintiff was represented by counsel

yet did not provide any hospital records to the ALJ. If this hospitalization occurred, Plaintiff

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continued to work as a waitress at Denny’s restaurant until January 2010, interacting with

supervisors and clients. The ALJ did not err by finding that there was no evidence of record of

psychiatric hospitalization. However, because the Court is remanding on other grounds, the ALJ

shall discuss Plaintiff’s representation to Dr. Parks regarding this hospitalization.

Fourth, Plaintiff argues that the ALJ erred when he found that Plaintiff “complained of prior

suicidal ideations, but there is no evidence currently indicating this is a problem.” (AR 18)

(emphasis added). In this regard, the ALJ misstated the record. Plaintiff reported to Dr. Parks that

she experienced frequent crying spells, had become more isolated, felt worthless, and “had suicidal

thoughts twice a week.” (AR 342). Plaintiff fails to note that she also reported to Dr. Parks that she

“pulls [herself] out of it” when she has suicidal thoughts and that her children are the main reason

that she stays alive. (AR 342). On remand, the ALJ is directed to properly represent Plaintiff’s

reports to Dr. Parks of suicidal thoughts.

Fifth, Plaintiff misstates the record when she argues that the “ALJ reasons that she was not

taking mental health medications, implying treatment was unnecessary.” (Pl. Br. 14 (citing AR 15)).

Plaintiff misstates the ALJ’s discussion at step three, in which he wrote, “The ‘paragraph B’ criteria

findings are supported by the lack of mental health treatment received by the claimant as well as the

sporadic medication taken by the claimant.” (AR 15) (emphasis added). The ALJ continued, “For

example, in [Dr. Bautista’s September 24, 2010 facsimile note] it was noted the claimant took

Xanax, but during the psychological consultative examination [with Dr. Parks], it was noted that she

was not taking any mental health medications.” (AR 15). It is unclear from Dr. Bautista’s facsimile

note when Xanax was prescribed. Dr. Parks examined Plaintiff on September 8, 2010. There are no

treatment notes in September 2010 showing that Plaintiff was prescribed Xanax. 

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Similarly, Plaintiff argues that the ALJ ignored Larry Brazley, M.D.’s diagnosis of

depression. Dr. Brazley is Plaintiff’s treating rheumatologist. For the first time in treatment records

that began in July 16, 2008, Dr. Brazley wrote the word “depression” in the section for “review of

systems” for “psych” on July 21, 2011. (AR 376). Notably, in the section for “Impression” from that

visit, he wrote only “RA osteoporosis.” Id. Nevertheless, he prescribed Effexor. Id. Plaintiff is

correct that the ALJ did not mention the July 2011 prescription for Effexor. But again, unlike in

Golembiewski, cited by Plaintiff, the ALJ did not find that Plaintiff’s depression did not exist at all.

See Golembiewski v. Barnhart, 322 F.3d 912, 917 (7th Cir. 2003) (holding that the ALJ erred when

he mischaracterized evidence and concluded that a condition did not exist at all when there was

evidence establishing that it did). Rather, the ALJ found at step two that Plaintiff suffered from

major depressive disorder but found that there was no evidence that it impacted her social

interactions. None of Plaintiff’s attacks on the ALJ’s review of the medical evidence requires

remand.

Next, Plaintiff argues that the ALJ erred by relying on Dr. Parks’ statement that Plaintiff was

able to interact appropriately with Dr. Parks and the fact that Plaintiff gets along with her daughters

and mother. Plaintiff reasons that her ability to avoid conflict with a psychological examiner once

for a limited period of time does not equate with the ability to tolerate interaction with co-workers.

Despite its initial appeal, this argument fails because it attempts to create social limitations out of

whole cloth. Again, there is no evidence of record, other than one statement by Plaintiff to Dr. Parks,

of any difficulty interacting with supervisors or the public, despite Plaintiff’s years of work as a

waitress. The ALJ cites to Plaintiff’s positive interaction with Dr. Parks and her family because it

is the only other evidence of record that touches on her social interactions. The ALJ does not equate

17
Plaintiff’s ability to get along with her family with an ability to get along with coworkers; rather,

the ALJ includes this as evidence of the larger picture. 

Plaintiff’s citation to Fuchs v. Astrue, 873 F. Supp. 2d 959, 974 (N.D. Ill. 2012), is

misplaced. In that case, the ALJ, in assessing the claimant’s credibility, failed to address testimony

that showed Plaintiff had difficulties with activities of daily living consistent with the medical

evidence and relied instead on the fact that the claimant could minimally care for himself. Id.

Notwithstanding the fact that the cited portion of Fuchs deals with a credibility determination and

not an RFC analysis, the instant case is distinguishable because here, the ALJ does not favor positive

evidence of interactions with family members over record evidence showing difficulty interacting

with the public or supervisors, nor does the ALJ ignore evidence of record showing that Plaintiff had

difficulty interacting with others. Again, this is a case in which the only evidence of record is

evidence of favorable interactions–namely those with Dr. Parks and with Plaintiff’s family. Here,

Plaintiff looks for support where none exists. 

As another basis for seeking reversal of the RFC determination based on purported

limitations in social functioning, Plaintiff argues that the ALJ improperly dismissed the significance

of Plaintiff’s Global Assessment of Functioning (“GAF”) score of 50, given by Dr. Parks at the

consultative examination. (AR 344). The GAF was a scale developed by the American Psychiatric

Association and used by mental health doctors and clinicians to rate a person’s “global” functioning

at a particular moment in time and to devise a treatment plan.2

 The Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals

has recognized that a GAF score is “useful for planning treatment” but does not necessarily reflect

2

 Subsequent to Dr. Parks’ examination, the GAF score has been phased out in the American Psychiatric

Association’s 2013 release of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5).A GAF score of 41-50

represents serious symptoms or any serious impairment in social, occupational, or school functioning; a GAF score of

51-60 represents moderate symptoms or moderate difficulty in the same areas of functioning. 

18
a patient’s functional level. See Denton v. Astrue, 596 F.3d 419, 425 (7th Cir. 2010). “[N]owhere

do the Social Security regulations or case law require an ALJ to determine the extent of an

individual’s disability based entirely on his GAF score.” Id. (quoting Wilkins v. Barnhart, 69 F.

App’x 775, 780 (7th Cir. 2003)). In his decision, the ALJ wrote, “The examiner diagnosed the

claimant with major depressive disorder–recurrent and assessed her [GAF] score of 50, which the

undersigned gives only some weight upon the lack of other mental health evidence suggesting the

claimant operates at such a GAF level on a consistent, ongoing basis.” (AR 18). The ALJ gave solid

reasoning for the weight given to the GAF score, namely the lack of evidence of record.

Finally, Plaintiff contends that, by rejecting Dr. Lovko’s finding of “mild” limitations in

social functioning, the ALJ substituted his own opinion for that of the medical consultant without

relying on other medical evidence. (Pl. Br. 16 (citing Murphy v. Astrue, 496 F.3d 630, 634 (7th Cir.

2007); Scott v. Astrue, 09-1226, 2010 WL 1433385 (C.D. Ill. Apr. 7, 2010)). The instant lawsuit is

not like Murphy or Scott, in which the ALJ interpreted medical evidence or failed to clarify medical

evidence without the assistance of an expert. Again, the ALJ in this case found that there was an

absence of evidence in the record supporting limitations in social functioning. Thus, the ALJ did not

err in formulating the RFC when he found that Plaintiff does not suffer from limitations in social

functioning.

3. Mental Limitations Resulting from Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome

Plaintiff argues that the ALJ’s failure to consider that Plaintiff suffered from Ehlers-Danlos

Syndrome requires remand. On July 16, 2008, Dr. Brazley, Plaintiff’s treating rheumatologist, listed

impressions of “Ehlers Danlos type 3” along with bilateral carpal tunnel, rotator cuff,

chondromalacia of the right knee, and plantar fasciitis. (AR 301). There is no explanation in the

19
treatment record of the basis for the diagnosis or which of her symptoms are a result of the disease.

There is no mention in the treatment records of Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome since that date.3 Plaintiff

fails to show why the ALJ’s omission of the isolated diagnosis of the disease requires remand.

Plaintiff cites Prak v. Chater, 892 F. Supp. 1081, 1087 (N.D. Ill. 1995), for the argument

that, when an ALJ’s decision fails to even mention diagnosed impairments, the court cannot tell

whether the ALJ considered the impairment, requiring reversal. First, Prak is distinguishable

because the ALJ in that case incorrectly found that no examining physician had diagnosed post

traumatic stress disorder. Id. In this case, the ALJ made no incorrect finding regarding Ehlers-Danlos

Syndrome. Second, Plaintiff has not identified any “impairments” that the ALJ failed to mention.

Plaintiff notes that several of the symptoms she suffers or allegedly suffers, such as chronic pain,

psychological dysfunction, psychosocial impairment, and emotion problems, are common effects

of Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome. (Pl. Br. 1, 16-17 (citing http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/ehlers-danlossyndrome)). But the ALJ addressed all of these symptoms in his decision. It would have made for

a more complete decision if the ALJ had mentioned the diagnosis of the Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome

by name, but the failure to do so alone does not require remand. 

Finally, Plaintiff contends that the ALJ did not consider the combined effect of EhlersDanlos Syndrome on her mental function. There is no medical evidence of record connecting her

depression to the 2008 diagnosis of Ehlers-Danlos by Dr. Brazley. At that visit, Dr. Brazley did not

identify any mental impairments or diagnosis depression. Notably, Plaintiff did not claim EhlersDanlos Syndrome when she applied for disability benefits, did not ask for reconsideration of the

initial decision on this basis, and did not testify about the diagnosis at the hearing. Plaintiff’s

3

 In the September 24, 2010 facsimile letter, Dr. Bautista noted Dr. Brazley’s diagnosis of Ehlers-Danlos

Syndrome, along with the other diagnoses Dr. Brazley made that day.

20
attorney did not ask Plaintiff about Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome at the hearing. This is not a case in

which the ALJ “blinded” himself to a condition that had some aggregate effect on Plaintiff’s other

impairments. See Clifford, 227 F.3d at 873 (finding that, at step three, the ALJ failed to consider the

disabling effect of plaintiff’s obesity on her overall condition, and noting that, the ALJ “rather than

blind himself to this condition (and other relevant evidence), should have considered the weight

issue with the aggregate effect of her other impairments”). The ALJ discussed all of Plaintiff’s

physical impairments, whether they resulted from Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome or some other disease,

and Plaintiff does not show otherwise.

4. Limitations in Hand Use in the RFC and Hypotheticals

Next, Plaintiff asserts that the ALJ erred in including a limitation to occasional use of her

hands in the RFC, arguing that the evidence shows that she cannot use her hands even occasionally

on a “regular and continuing basis.” SSR 96-8p, at *1 (“RFC is an assessment of an individual’s

ability to do sustained work-related physical and mental activities in a work setting on a regular and

continuing basis. A ‘regular and continuing basis’ means 8 hours a day, for 5 days a week, or an

equivalent work schedule.”).

Plaintiff notes her testimony that she was fired from Denny’s due to being unable to work

four or five times a month due to hand pain. (AR 32-33, 175). She also suggests that she stopped

working as a dispatcher because her hands “clamped up,” (Pl. Br. 17 (citing AR 42)). Although she

testified that her hands “clamped up” in her dispatching job, which required use of the computer,

she did not testify that she stopped working at that job because of her hands. See (AR 42-43).

Plaintiff points to the July 6, 2010 adult function report that she completed with the

assistance of her daughter. See (AR 184-191). In her opening brief, Plaintiff attempts to attribute the

21
statements in this report to her daughter; however, her daughter assisted her in filling out the form

because Plaintiff’s hands hurt–the statements were Plaintiff’s. (AR 191). In the report, Plaintiff

wrote that her hands “give out on her” and that she dropped anything she lifted. (AR 187, 189).

Plaintiff notes that her mother wrote that Plaintiff no longer cooked because she could not move her

hands. (AR 199). She further notes that SSA Interviewer Pokropinski observed that Plaintiff had

trouble using her hands and writing and that her fingers were red and swollen. (AR 172). Plaintiff

lists Dr. Bautista’s notation in his July 26, 2010 consultative examination that Plaintiff’s right hand

was puffy and Dr. Bautista’s physical examination findings that she had reduced right wrist range

of motion that day, hyperflexion of the left wrist, and swelling, pain, and tenderness in the finger

joints of both hands. (AR 338-39). Plaintiff testified that on days when her hands hurt, she could not

unbutton her pants to use the toilet, could not zip her pants, and had problems washing her hair,

bathing, and getting dressed. (AR 37, 51, 185). Plaintiff notes her statement in her March 2, 2011

appeal disability report that “on bad days will stay in bed or sit w/heating pad. Won’t cook or clean

or shower if having a bad day. 3–4 bad days a week.” (AR 219).

Plaintiff is correct that the ALJ only articulated Plaintiff’s ability to use her hands

“occasionally” in the context of a single eight-hour work period and did not specifically articulate

whether she could “occasionally” use her hands on a “regular and continuing basis,” which

contemplates a forty-hour work week. (Pl. Br. 18 (citing Gotz v. Barnhart, 207 F. Supp. 2d 886, 897

(E.D. Wis. 2002) (citing Wallace v. Apfel, No. 97-CV-6912, 1998 WL 967376, at *4 (E.D. Pa. Nov.

24, 1998)); Myers v. Apfel, 238 F.3d 617, 621 (5th Cir. 2001)).4

 Plaintiff reasons that there is

4

 Plaintiff also cites, without analysis, Bauer v. Astrue, 532 F.3d 606 (7th Cir. 2008). The court in Bauer

commented that a “person who has a chronic disease, whether physical or psychiatric, and is under continuous treatment

for it with heavy drugs, is likely to have better days and worse days.” Id. at 609. Plaintiff makes no argument that she

is under continuous treatment for her hand pain with “heavy drugs” that would result in the type of “better days and

22
evidence that she has “good days” and “bad days” and that the ALJ only relied on the “good days.”

Plaintiff concludes that, because the ALJ failed to determine the number of days each month (or

week) that Plaintiff could not use her hands, even occasionally, and failed to incorporate such a

finding into the hypothetical before the vocational expert, the ALJ committed legal error. 

Plaintiff has not cited mandatory authority that an ALJ must make a specific articulation of

the frequency of “bad days,” and the Court has identified only three cases that have cited Gotz for

this holding, each of which contained a myriad of other errors that required remand. See Beach v.

Astrue, NO. 09-CV-2897, 2010 WL 3168292, at *12 (N.D. Ill. Aug. 4, 2010); Brown v. Barnhart,

298 F. Supp.2d 773, 795 (E.D. Wis. 2004); Silva v. Barnhart, No. 02C5681, 2003 WL 22425010,

at *10 (N.D. Ill. Oct. 23, 2003). The Court does not find these cases persuasive in light of the ALJ’s

thorough analysis of the medical evidence and testimony regarding Plaintiff’s hands. 

Generally, the ALJ’s analysis of the record evidence regarding Plaintiff’s hands was

reasonable and thorough. In his decision, the ALJ noted the sparse medical treatment, mild testing

and examinations, improvement with treatment, routine care, and the fact that no medical source

found greater limitations were warranted. The ALJ noted that x-rays of Plaintiff’s hands and wrists 

demonstrated only mild arthritic changes and unremarkable findings with her wrists except for the

presence of positive ulnar variance. See (AR 17, 249-55, 261-64, 380, 381-82).5

 And, the ALJ gave

worse days” scenario at issue in Bauer.

5

 In her recitation of the facts, Plaintiff omits, on several occasions, the descriptive word “mild” when reciting

objective medical findings. The omission of the qualifier “mild,” if intentional on each occasion, borders on

misrepresentation of the evidence of record. See (Pl. Br. 6 (citing AR 304-05 (“mild degenerative changes in the medial

compartment”), AR 319 (“mild to moderate medial degenerative changes”); 7 (noting that the ALJ ordered x-rays of

Plaintiff’s hands but failing to include the “normal” findings for all of the x-rays) (citing AR 261-62, 265, 267, 269, and

failing to cite AR 264)).

23
Plaintiff the benefit of the doubt in relation to Dr. Brazley’s treatment records by finding that she

was limited to only occasional use of her hands.

The ALJ went on to cite the July 2010 consultative examination with Dr. Bautista. Plaintiff

cites portions of this examination but omits numerous observations by Dr. Bautista that the ALJ

cited and that support the ALJ’s determination. Both Plaintiff and the ALJ note that Dr. Bautista

found that Plaintiff exhibited some pain and tenderness in her wrists and some reduced flexion and

dorsiflexion. However, upon examination, Plaintiff was able to close both hands, her fingers were

not contracted, she was neurologically intact, her grip strength was good bilaterally, she was able

to button and pick up coins, and she had no hand tremors or atrophy. The ALJ noted that Plaintiff

was able to drive and used the computer. These findings and the ALJ’s determination are further

supported by the state agency reviewing medical experts, Dr. Sands and Dr. Gange. (AR 369, 374).

This medical evidence is entitled to greater weight than the non-medical observation of SSA

Interviewer Pokropinski. And, Plaintiff’s testimony regarding pain caused by working as a waitress

at Denny’s restaurant, where she was likely using her hands continuously, does not negate the RFC

limitation to occasional use of her hands, which means up to one third of the day. The ALJ did not

doubt that working as a waitress caused Plaintiff to experience hand pain; the ALJ found that

Plaintiff could not return to her prior work.

In another attempt to claim error where none exists, Plaintiff incorrectly describes the ALJ

as equating her ability to use her hands on “good” days with the ability to occasionally use her hands

on a regular and continuing basis. The ALJ made no such finding. Rather, by considering all the

evidence of record, the ALJ found that Plaintiff’s use of her hands was not as limited as she claims.

As argued by the Commissioner, Plaintiff offers no explanation as to how “mild” or “normal” x-rays

24
only reflect “good” days. The ALJ considered longitudinal factors, such as Plaintiff’s sparse and

conservative medical treatment over time. Plaintiff is essentially arguing that her bad days only

occurred when she did not seek medical treatment and that every time she visited a medical source,

she was having a good day. 

 However, because the Court is directing the ALJ to fully discuss Plaintiff’s testimony

regarding her hand limitations, as discussed in the credibility section below, the Court directs the

ALJ to incorporate that fuller discussion into the RFC determination regarding Plaintiff’s occasional

use of her hands on a regular and continuing basis.

5. Limitations in Ability to Sit in the RFC

Finally, Plaintiff argues that the RFC does not reflect her physical limitations regarding the

ability to sit for prolonged periods. Plaintiff notes that she testified at the hearing and told Dr.

Bautista at the consultative examination on July 26, 2010, that she can sit for half an hour to forty

minutes before low back pain causes her to change positions. (AR 38, 338). She also notes that, at

the examination, Dr. Bautista observed that Plaintiff could not sit for long on the examination table.6

Based on these facts, Plaintiff argues that the ALJ should have included a sit/stand option or the

option for routine breaks in the RFC and that the ALJ failed to explain how he determined that she

can sit for six hours out of each workday without the necessity for extra irregular breaks. 

The ALJ thoroughly reviewed the medical evidence of record regarding Plaintiff’s lower

back pain, none of which Plaintiff discusses. The ALJ noted that, in connection with Dr. Bautista’s

consultative medical examination, Plaintiff underwent a lumbar spine MRI, which showed only mild

6

 Plaintiff also cites the notation by Dr. Brazley that, during arthroscopic knee surgery in 2008, Plaintiff was

unable to maintain knee flexion. (AR 319). However, this notation was made while performing the medical procedure

and has not been repeated in the course of any physical examination.

25
degenerative disc disease at L5-S1 and that the rest of her disc spaces were unremarkable. The ALJ

noted that the “medical evidence in this case is sparse . . .[with] [m]ost of it derived from the State

agency medical doctors or the consulting doctors.” (AR 16). Plaintiff has not identified any

treatment records for lower back pain since her onset date, and the Court has not found any.7

 A

March 29, 2010 treatment record from Dr. Brazley lists complaints of hand, wrist, knee, and ankle

pain but does not list back pain. (AR 292). Similarly in April 2010, Plaintiff was seen for follow up

for rheumatoid arthritis and cervical radiculopathy with complaints of pain in both hands; there is

no complaint of back pain. In June 2010, Plaintiff complained of neck pain and hand pain but no

back pain. In reviewing Dr. Bautista’s consultative examination, the ALJ noted that, on examination,

Plaintiff had some pain, tenderness, and muscle spasm in the lumbar spine area and that she refused

to participate in the range of motion testing. (AR 18). He then noted that her back pain “is not

entirely supported by the mild diagnostic findings mentioned above.” Id.

Plaintiff cites Villano v. Astrue, 556 F.3d 558, 563 (7th Cir. 2009), in which the ALJ found

that no medical evidence showed that the plaintiff could not sit for six hours and the plaintiff argued

that the ALJ failed to discuss how the plaintiff’s obesity affected her ability to sit. Id. There is no

such similar omission of a medical condition in the instant case. Unlike the impact of obesity on the

plaintiff’s ability to sit in Villano, there is no obvious impact that Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome has on

Plaintiff’s other impairments, and Plaintiff has not offered medical evidence to demonstrate any such

additional limitations that the ALJ did not consider.

7

 There are physical therapy records from 2008 that show decreased lumbar and cervical ranges of motion and

reduced low back muscle strength. See (AR 308, 309, 311). The physical therapist wrote that poor posture was

exacerbating her symptoms, and physical therapy was provided to improve her posture. Plaintiff’s treatment notes with

Dr. Brazley throughout 2008 and 2009 list pain in various joints but do not list complaints of back pain. 

26
Finally, Plaintiff argues that the ALJ erred by not explaining why he rejected Plaintiff’s

testimony that she could sit for only half an hour at a time. (Pl. Br. 20 (citing Rodriguez v. Astrue,

09 C 1810, 2010 WL 2136672 (N.D. Ill. May 26, 2010); Brown, 298 F. Supp. 2d at 799). However,

the “RFC assessment is a function-by-function assessment, . . . [and] the expression of a claimant’s

RFC need not be articulated function-by-function; a narrative discussion of a claimant’s symptoms

and medical source opinions is sufficient.” Knox v. Astrue, 327 F. App’x 652, 657 (7th Cir. 2009)

(internal quotation marks and citations omitted). The ALJ did not err by not including a sit/stand

option in the RFC.

B. Credibility

In making a disability determination, the ALJ must consider a claimant’s statements about

her symptoms, such as pain, and how the claimant’s symptoms affect her daily life and ability to

work. See 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1529(a), 416.929(a). Subjective allegations of disabling symptoms alone

cannot support a finding of disability. Id. In determining whether statements of symptoms contribute

to a finding of disability, the regulations set forth a two-part test: (1) the claimant must provide

objective medical evidence of a medically determinable impairment or combination of impairments

that reasonably could be expected to produce the alleged symptoms; and (2) once an ALJ has found

an impairment that reasonably could cause the symptoms alleged, the ALJ must consider the

intensity and persistence of these symptoms. Id.

The ALJ must weigh the claimant’s subjective complaints, the relevant objective medical

evidence, and any other evidence of the following factors:

(1) The individual’s daily activities;

(2) Location, duration, frequency, and intensity of pain or other symptoms;

(3) Precipitating and aggravating factors;

(4) Type, dosage, effectiveness, and side effects of any medication;

27
(5) Treatment, other than medication, for relief of pain or other symptoms;

(6) Other measures taken to relieve pain or other symptoms;

(7) Other factors concerning functional limitations due to pain or other

symptoms.

See 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1529(c)(3), 416.929(c)(3). An ALJ is not required to give full credit to every

statement of pain made by the claimant or to find a disability each time a claimant states she is

unable to work. See Rucker v. Chater, 92 F.3d 492, 496 (7th Cir. 1996). However, Ruling 96-7p

provides that a claimant’s statements regarding symptoms or the effect of symptoms on her ability

to work “may not be disregarded solely because they are not substantiated by objective evidence.”

SSR 96-7p, 1996 WL 374186,at *6 (Jul. 2, 1996). “Because the ALJ is ‘in the best position to

determine a witness’s truthfulness and forthrightness . . . this court will not overturn an ALJ’s

credibility determination unless it is ‘patently wrong.’” Shideler v. Astrue, 688 F.3d 306, 310-11 (7th

Cir. 2012) (quoting Skarbek v. Barnhart, 390 F.3d 500, 504-05 (7th Cir. 2004)); see also Prochaska,

454 F.3d at 738. Nevertheless, “an ALJ must adequately explain his credibility finding by discussing

specific reasons supported by the record.” Pepper v. Colvin, 712 F.3d 351, 367 (7th Cir. 2013)

(citing Terry v. Astrue, 580 F.3d 471, 477 (7th Cir. 2009)).

As an initial matter, Plaintiff criticizes the ALJ’s use of “boilerplate” language in the

credibility determination. The ALJ found that “the claimant’s statements concerning the intensity,

persistence and limiting effects of these symptoms are not credible to the extent they are inconsistent

with the above residual functional capacity assessment.” (AR 26); see, Bjornson v. Astrue, 671 F.3d

640, 645 (7th Cir. 2012). However, an ALJ’s use of the boilerplate language does not amount to

reversible error if he “otherwise points to information that justifies his credibility determination.”

Pepper, 712 F.3d at 367-68. Recently, the Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals has rekindled its

criticism of the boilerplate language because the language’s “implication . . . is that residual

28
functional capacity (ability to engage in gainful employment) is determined before all the evidence

relating to the claimed disability assessed, whereas in truth all that evidence is material to

determining the claimant’s residual functional capacity.” Browning v. Colvin, No. 13-3836, — F.3d

— , —, 2014 WL 4370648, at *3 (7th Cir. Sept. 4, 2014); see also Goins v. Colvin, No. 13-3729,

— F.3d —, —, 2014 WL 4073108, at *3 (7th Cir. Aug. 19, 2014). In this case, the use of

“boilerplate” language does not require remand because the ALJ considered the required factors in

assessing Plaintiff’s credibility and analyzed the evidence. See Filus v. Astrue, 694 F.3d 863, 868

(7th Cir. 2012).

As with the RFC determination, Plaintiff offers several criticisms of the ALJ’s credibility

determination. A review of each reveals that the ALJ’s credibility determination was not patently

wrong. However, because the Court is remanding on the RFC, the Court directs the ALJ to provide

a more thorough analysis of certain aspects of Plaintiff’s credibility. 

First, Plaintiff argues that the ALJ improperly relied on an eight-month break in treatment

with Dr. Brazley between June 23, 2010, and February 21, 2011. Plaintiff contends that the ALJ

should not have drawn any inference from a failure to seek or pursue regular medical treatment

without first considering any explanations she may have provided or other information in the case

record that may explain infrequent or irregular medical visits or the failure to seek medical

treatment. (Pl. Br. 21 (citing Brown, 298 F. Supp. 2d at 797-98)). In support, Plaintiff points to her

hearing testimony that she does not have any money. (AR 45). Plaintiff fails to note the follow-up

question asking whether she had health care and her response that she had Medicaid. (AR 45-46).

At no point did Plaintiff testify that she could not afford to treat with Dr. Brazley. Plaintiff also notes

that “[a]t one point, Dr. Brazley was unable to perform tests due to lack of insurance.” (Pl. Br. 22

29
(citing AR 296, 335)).8

 First, the treatment record at page 296 is dated November 2008, two years

before the period at issue. Second, even if Plaintiff could not have “testing” done in November 2008

due to a lack of insurance, she was still able to treat with Dr. Brazley because he saw her that day.

And, she was actively treating with Dr. Brazley throughout that time period, with visits on July 16,

2008, August 8, 2008, August 17, 2008, September 16, 2008, and November 13, 2008. On

September 22, 2008, Dr. Brazley performed surgery on Plaintiff’s right knee, and on November 17,

2008, he performed surgery on her left knee.

In her brief, Plaintiff offers no explanation for why she did not treat with Dr. Brazley during

that period. The ALJ’s reference to the eight-month period with no treatment records was only one

aspect of the credibility determination, and the failure to request further explanation from Plaintiff

in this instance does not require remand. See Nicholson v. Astrue, 341 F. App’x 248, 252 (7th Cir.

2009) (“[Plaintiff] did not hint that his infrequent treatment or failure to seek treatment was due to

inability to pay for treatment.”) (citing Craft, 539 F.3d at 679 (explaining that inability to afford

treatment is one reason that can “provide insight into the individual’s credibility”); compare Shauger

v. Astrue, 675 F.3d 690, 696 (7th Cir. 2012) (recognizing that an ALJ must explore the claimant’s

reasons for lack of medical care before drawing a negative inference and that an ALJ may need to

question the individual at the administrative hearing to determine the reasons for gaps in treatment,

and finding in that case that the reason for the gaps was obvious because the plaintiff suffered from

a condition that may wax and wane). Nevertheless, because the Court is remanding on other

grounds, the ALJ will have an opportunity to question Plaintiff regarding the lack of treatment

during those eight months.

8

 Third, page 335 is a medication log sheet that says nothing about insurance or an inability to pay. 

30
Second, Plaintiff contends that the ALJ played doctor by discounting Plaintiff’s credibility

on the basis that “her body systems were noted as generally within normal limits as well as her

current sed. rates.” (Pl. Br. (citing AR 17 (citing Exh. 12F))). A “sed rate” or “erythrocyte

sedimentation rate” “is a blood test that can reveal inflammatory activity in your body” and is used

if a doctor suspects rheumatoid arthritis. Mayo Clinic,

http://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/sed-rate/basics/definition/prc-20013502 (last visited

September 17, 2014). On March 23, 2011, a hematology report showed a sed rate of 4 with a

reference range of 0-20. On April 21, 2011, a hematology report showed a sed rate of 17 and a

reference range of 0-20. (AR 385). Without including these test results in her brief, Plaintiff argues

that no doctor commented on the significance of the “sed rate” and that no doctor concluded that an

examination of Plaintiff’s “body systems” indicates remission of disease or relief from symptoms.

(Pl. Br. 22). Plaintiff is correct that no doctor commented on the March and April 2011 sed rates.

But Plaintiff’s failure to acknowledge in her brief that her sed rate tests were within the normal range

is telling. As for Plaintiff’s “body systems,” at the February and March 2011 exams, Dr. Brazley

checked a box for “WNL” (within normal limits) for each of the listed body systems. (AR 378, 379).

At the April, June, and September 2011 visit, no boxes were checked. (AR 375, 376, 377). Plaintiff

ignores this evidence.

Plaintiff also suggests the ALJ erred by concluding that “the medications appeared to help,

because on a later date, the claimant’s complaints of radicular pain were nonexistent.” (Pl. Br. 22

(citing AR 17)). The ALJ first referenced a July 21, 2011 treatment note by Dr. Brazley that Plaintiff

complained of increased radicular pain and then commented that the medications appeared to help

because the following treatment record, dated September 29, 2011, did not contain a statement

31
regarding pain. This is true. At the July 21, 2011 visit, Plaintiff was started on Simponi, which is

used to treat rheumatoid arthritis. In her brief, Plaintiff notes only records from 2008–a July 16, 2008

treatment note by Dr. Brazley that the “pain tends to come and go, lasting for several days,” (AR

300), and an August 12, 2008 physical therapy treatment note that she reported that her symptoms

occurred “randomly” and in varying parts of her body, (AR 308). Plaintiff does not point to any

evidence, other than her own testimony, that her new medication did not relieve or improve her

symptoms during the time period discussed by the ALJ.

Plaintiff cites Myles v. Astrue, 582 F.3d 672, 677 (7th Cir. 2009), in which the ALJ “played

doctor” by reaching his own conclusion based on the fact that the plaintiff was not taking insulin.

The court found that no doctor had given any reason why insulin was not prescribed. Id. In this case,

the ALJ did not draw inferences that were not supported by the record and did not play doctor.

Rather, the ALJ recited the objective medical evidence and referenced the treating physician records

to support his credibility determination.

Third, Plaintiff argues that the ALJ erred by discounting Plaintiff’s credibility on the basis

that Dr. Brazley “never indicated the claimant was unable to work, and the claimant’s last visit was

in September of 2011.” (Pl. Br. 23 (citing AR 17)).9 Plaintiff argues that it is a non sequitur that Dr.

Brazley did not authorize her to be off work in 2010 and 2011 because the March 29, 2010 treatment

record shows that Dr. Brazley knew she was not working. (AR 292). Plaintiff misunderstands the

ALJ to have found no evidence of “off work slips” when he in fact wrote, “Dr. Brazley never

indicated the claimant was unable to work.” (AR 17). The ALJ’s point was that, from her onset date,

9

 Plaintiff contends that Dr. Brazley twice previously authorized Plaintiff to be off work for six weeks. Plaintiff

is correct that in August 2008, Dr. Brazley gave Plaintiff an “off work” slip for “Ehlers-Danlos/Plantar Fasciitis” for six

weeks. (AR 314). However, the second record cited by Plaintiff, dated July 28, 2009, only excuses Plaintiff from work

for that date, and it was noted that her next appointment was in six to eight weeks. (AR 325). 

32
no doctor opined that Plaintiff should not be working. However, it does not appear that Dr. Brazley

was asked to give an opinion on whether Plaintiff could work, and it is not apparent from the

treatment records that he would include such a statement unless faced with a need for Plaintiff to

be off work. Because she was not working, it is logical that he would not make such a statement on

his own. On remand, the ALJ shall either discard this reasoning or explain in his decision why Dr.

Brazley would have made a statement regarding the ability to work in his routine treatment records.

Fourth, Plaintiff argues that the ALJ erred by reasoning that, because Dr. Brazley ordered

no physical therapy, occupational therapy, acupuncture, chiropractic or surgical treatment, Plaintiff’s

symptoms were “mild and managed by medication therapy.” (AR 17). Plaintiff argues that the ALJ

plays doctor because no physician indicated that any of these treatments listed by the ALJ would

benefit Plaintiff at that point in time. Plaintiff argues that the ALJ failed to note that she had surgery

on her knees in 2008 and had physical therapy in 2008.10 Plaintiff also argues that the ALJ fails to

note that she had been prescribed Vicodin and Morphine for her pain in 2010, that Plaintiff testified

that she took long showers to relieve her pain and wrapped her hands in heating pads, and that

Plaintiff received monthly injections for her arthritis. Plaintiff argues that the ALJ failed to consider

that her use of home remedies demonstrates that her pain is not controlled by medication. She wrote

in her March 2, 2011 appeal disability report that on bad days she stays in bed. Plaintiff criticizes

the ALJ for dismissing her testimony that she uses wrist braces on the basis that they were not

prescribed by a physician; Plaintiff points to Dr. Brazley’s initial treatment record from July 2008

in which he recommended wrist splints. (AR 301).

10 Plaintiff contends that she had physical therapy by a hand specialist. (Pl. Br. 24 (citing (AR 316))). However,

that record is a prescription for physical therapy that has a line drawn through it, and there are no physical therapy

records from the Centers for Hand & Physical Rehabilitation.

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Yet, in making this statement regarding the absence of any other modalities of treatment, the

ALJ was noting that Plaintiff’s treatment was mostly routine. He correctly commented that her

“2011 treatment with Dr. Brazley consisted mostly of routine, follow-up visits and medication

check-ups[sic] refills.” (AR 17). Plaintiff does not include this portion of the ALJ’s reasoning or

dispute it. The ALJ is correct that no doctor prescribed any more aggressive treatment than

medication management. Also, contrary to Plaintiff’s assertion, the ALJ noted the physical therapy

and knee surgery in the medical history; moreover, these events took place in 2008 before Plaintiff’s

onset date and were related to her knee pain, which the ALJ found to not be a severe impairment.

Nevertheless, because the case is being remanded on other grounds, the ALJ will have an

opportunity to discuss Plaintiff’s medications, home treatment remedies, and Dr. Brazley’s 2008

splint recommendation.

Fifth, Plaintiff argues that it does not follow that symptoms are “mild” if managed by

medication because many serious conditions are managed by medication, and Plaintiff notes that the

ALJ does not address her testimony that her medications do not control her hand pain. (AR 41, 45).

Although the overall evidence of record supports the ALJ’s findings that her symptoms are mild,

on remand, the ALJ shall address this testimony. Plaintiff also contends that the ALJ did not

consider the side effects of her medications, pointing to her testimony that her medication makes her

drowsy, sleepy, tired, and sick to her stomach. (AR 49, 50, 218). However, Plaintiff told consultative

examiner Dr. Parks that she does not suffer any side effects from her medications. (AR 342). On

remand, the ALJ shall incorporate this evidence regarding side effects in the credibility

determination.

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Sixth, Plaintiff takes issue with the ALJ’s reference to the fact that on one occasion, Dr.

Brazley questioned whether her pain complaints might be psychogenic in nature. (Pl. Br. 24 (citing

(AR 17))). In Carradine v. Barnhart, 360 F.3d 751, 754 (7th Cir. 2004), the court explained that

“[e]ven where the source of Plaintiff’s pain is psychological rather than physical, if pain is disabling,

the fact that its source is purely psychological does not disentitle the applicant to benefits.”

However, the ALJ did not discount Plaintiff’s credibility based on this statement of Dr. Brazley’s

treatment record and the ALJ did not find that she was not entitled to benefits based on this

statement. In fact, the ALJ concluded that, despite the limited evidence from Dr. Brazley’s most

recent treatment records, the ALJ gave Plaintiff “the benefit of the doubt and [found Plaintiff]

limited to less than sedentary work with occasional use of her hands.” (AR 17).

Finally, Plaintiff argues that the ALJ mischaracterized her activities of daily living. The ALJ

noted Plaintiff’s testimony that she is able to drive and commented that driving “involves excessive

hand gripping.” (AR 18). Plaintiff argues that the ALJ knew Plaintiff did not have a car and relied

on others to drive her places because the ALJ stated so in the decision. Yet, the ALJ did not explain

how being able to drive occasionally equates to being able to use her hands up to one third of the

day over the course of a forty-hour work week. Plaintiff notes that the ALJ did not discuss her

statements on the adult disability report that she has trouble opening the car door, turning on the car,

and steering the wheel. (AR 187). On remand, the ALJ shall discuss these additional facts when

considering Plaintiff’s ability to drive. As for her use of the computer, the ALJ noted that Plaintiff

goes on the computer, “which involves significant hand usage,” and found that this “suggests the

claimant is at least able to use her hands to some degree for manipulative purposes.” (AR 18). The

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ALJ did not note her testimony that Plaintiff was not on the computer often. On remand, the ALJ

shall discuss these additional facts as well.

C. Request for an Award of Benefits

Finally, Plaintiff asks that the Commissioner’s decision be reversed and remanded for an

award of benefits. An award of benefits, however, is appropriate “only if all factual issues involved

in the entitlement determination have been resolved and the resulting record supports only one

conclusion—that the applicant qualifies for disability benefits.” Allord v. Astrue, 631 F.3d 411, 415

(7th Cir. 2011) (citing Briscoe, 425 F.3d at 356)). This is not one of those rare situations. Although

Plaintiff requests an award of benefits, Plaintiff fails to present an argument in favor of doing so.

Accordingly, this matter is remanded for further proceedings.

CONCLUSION

Based on the foregoing, the Court hereby GRANTS the relief sought in Plaintiff’s

Memorandum in Support of Her Motion for Summary Judgment [DE 19], REVERSES the final

decision of the Commissioner of Social Security, and REMANDS this matter for further

proceedings consistent with this Opinion and Order. The Court DENIES Plaintiff’s request to award

benefits.

So ORDERED this 22nd day of September, 2014.

s/ Paul R. Cherry 

MAGISTRATE JUDGE PAUL R. CHERRY

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

cc: All counsel of record

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