IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON

DIVISION II

In Re The Detention of: No. 48150-2-II

DALE EVAN ROUSH,

Appellant. UNPUBLISHED OPINION

SUTTON, J. — Dale E. Roush was found to be a sexually violent predator (SVP) in 2002 

and was civilly committed to the Special Commitment Center (SCC) on McNeil Island. Following

a trial on his conditional release to a community based less restrictive alternative (LRA) placement, 

the jury found that conditions could not be imposed that would adequately protect community 

safety and Roush’s conditional release was denied. Roush appeals, arguing that the trial court 

improperly commented on the evidence by instructing the jury that Roush met the definition of an 

SVP as a matter of law. The trial court’s jury instruction was proper because whether Roush was 

an SVP was not a disputed issue at trial. Accordingly, we affirm. 

FACTS

In 2002, Roush was committed as an SVP. In 2014, the trial court found that Roush had 

established probable cause for a jury trial to determine whether he could be conditionally released 

to an LRA. Roush’s proposed LRA included residence at a group home located in Tacoma and 

treatment with Jeanglee Tracer, a certified sex offender treatment provider in Tacoma. 

Filed

Washington State

Court of Appeals

Division Two

April 4, 2017

Filed

Washington State

Court of Appeals

Division Two

April 4, 2017
No. 48150-2-II

2

Roush’s conditional release trial began September 21, 2015. The State’s expert, Dr. Amy 

Phenix, testified that she diagnosed Roush with Other Specified Paraphilic Disorder, Nonconsent 

and Antisocial Personality Disorder. Dr. Phenix also testified that she used several different 

actuarial tools to classify Roush as a high risk offender. Phenix opined that conditional release 

was not in Roush’s best interests and there were not conditions that would adequately protect the 

community. 

Roush presented testimony from his own expert, Dr. Luis Rosell. Rosell testified that he 

did not agree that Other Specified Paraphilic Disorder, Nonconsent was a valid diagnosis and 

Roush’s current behavior in the SCC demonstrated that his Antisocial Personality Disorder was 

remitting. Accordingly, Rosell diagnosed Roush with Antisocial Personality Disorder by history. 

Rosell also testified that the actuarial tools used by Dr. Phenix did not account for the effect of 

Roush’s 13 years in treatment in the SCC. Rosell opined that conditional release was in Roush’s 

best interests and conditions could be imposed that would adequately protect the community. 

The State proposed the following jury instruction:

Respondent is a sexually violent predator. “Sexually Violent Predator” 

means any person who has been convicted of a crime of sexual violence and who 

suffers from a mental abnormality or personality disorder which makes the person 

likely to engage in predatory acts of sexual violence if not confined to a secure 

facility.

Clerk’s Papers (CP) at 322. Roush objected and proposed an alternate instruction:

The Respondent was previously found to meet the definition of a sexually 

violent predator in 2002 and has been committed to the Special Commitment Center 

since that time. A “sexually violent predator” is a person who has been convicted 

of a crime of sexual violence and who suffers from a mental abnormality or 

personality disorder which makes the person likely to engage in predatory acts of 

sexual violence if not confined to a secure facility. 
No. 48150-2-II

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CP at 723. The trial court gave the State’s proposed instruction as jury instruction number three. 

The jury returned a verdict finding that the State proved beyond a reasonable doubt that 

the proposed less restrictive alternative placement plan does not include conditions that would 

adequately protect the community. On October 12, 2015, the trial court entered an order denying 

Roush’s petition for conditional release. Roush Appeals.

ANALYSIS

Roush argues that the trial court erred by instructing the jury that he is an SVP. 

Specifically, Roush argues that the trial court’s instruction was an impermissible comment on the 

evidence. However, the trial court’s instruction was a proper statement of the law; therefore the 

trial court did not err by instructing the jury that Roush is an SVP.1 

We review jury instructions de novo. State v. Pirtle, 127 Wn.2d 628, 656, 904 P.2d 245 

(1995). Article IV, section 16 of the Washington Constitution prohibits a judge from “‘conveying 

to the jury his or her personal attitudes toward the merits of the case’ or instructing a jury that 

‘matters of fact have been established as a matter of law.’” State v. Levy, 156 Wn.2d 709, 721, 

132 P.3d 1076 (2006) (quoting State v. Becker, 132 Wn.2d 54, 64, 935 P.2d 1321 (1997)). If a 

jury instruction removes a disputed issue of fact from the jury’s consideration, the jury instruction 

relieves the State of its burden of proof. Becker, 132 Wn.2d at 65. But an instruction that 

 

1 The State argues that Roush’s appeal is moot because Roush has now been granted conditional 

relief to the Secure Community Transition Facility on McNeill Island. An issue is moot if this 

court can no longer provide effective relief. In re Schuoler, 106 Wn.2d 500, 503, 723 P.2d 1103 

(1986). Because there is a possibility that the terms of Roush’s conditional release could be 

different following another trial, his appeal is not moot. 

The State also argues that we should not review Roush’s alleged error because he failed to 

adequately preserve the issue in the trial court. We disagree with the State. Roush’s objection at 

the trial court was sufficient to preserve the issue for review.
No. 48150-2-II

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accurately states the applicable law and is supported by substantial evidence, is not an 

impermissible comment on the evidence. State v. Johnson, 152 Wn. App. 924, 935, 219 P.3d 958 

(2009). 

Here, the trial court gave the following instruction to the jury:

Respondent is a sexually violent predator. “Sexually Violent Predator” 

means any person who has been convicted of a crime of sexual violence and who 

suffers from a mental abnormality or personality disorder which makes the person 

likely to engage in predatory acts of sexual violence if not confined to a secure 

facility.

CP at 1352 (Inst. No. 3). As an initial matter, the trial court’s instruction is an accurate statement 

of the law. RCW 71.09.020(18) defines “sexually violent predator” as

any person who has been convicted of or charged with a crime of sexual violence 

and who suffers from a mental abnormality or personality disorder which makes 

the person likely to engage in predatory acts of sexual violence if not confined in a 

secure facility.

And Roush was found to be an SVP beyond a reasonable doubt in 2002. The issue, therefore, is 

whether the trial court’s instruction removed a disputed issue of fact from the jury’s consideration. 

Here, it did not.

RCW 71.09.090(3)(d) states,

[I]f the issue at the hearing is whether the person should be conditionally released 

to a less restrictive alternative, the burden of proof at the hearing shall be upon the 

[S]tate to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that conditional release to any proposed 

less restrictive alternative either: (i) Is not in the best interest of the committed 

person; or (ii) does not include conditions that would adequately protect the 

community. 

In a conditional release trial, there is no disputed issue as to whether the committed person meets 

the definition of an SVP. Accordingly, the trial court’s jury instruction was not improper because 

it did not remove a disputed issue of fact from the jury’s consideration.
No. 48150-2-II

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To support his assertion that the jury instruction was an improper comment on the evidence,

Roush relies on the language used in Washington Pattern Jury Instruction, Civil 365.30 (WPI).

2

 

Roush also relies on the statement regarding the use of evidence of the prior commitment trial and 

disposition contained in RCW 71.09.090(3). And Roush relies on our opinion in In re the 

Detention of R.W., 98 Wn. App. 140, 988 P.2d 1034 (1999). Roush’s arguments are unpersuasive.

Although Roush correctly asserts that the language in WPI 365.30 is similar to the language 

in his own proposed jury instruction, WPI 365.30 only provides support for the argument that his 

jury instruction was correct—not that the State’s jury instruction was incorrect. WPI 365.30 is the 

advanced oral instruction used for voir dire in both unconditional and conditional release trials and 

reads, in relevant part:

In an earlier proceeding, the respondent, (name of respondent), has been 

adjudicated to be a sexually violent predator. A sexually violent predator is a 

person who previously has been convicted of a crime of sexual violence and who 

suffers from a mental abnormality or personality disorder that makes it likely for 

the person to engage in predatory acts of sexual violence if not confined in a secure 

facility.

. . . . 

The respondent has been confined at the Special Commitment Center, 

which is a secure facility. [The respondent has proposed an alternative placement 

plan for release to a less restrictive alternative. The State has the burden of proving, 

in this trial, that this proposed plan is not in respondent’s best interests or that the 

proposed plan does not include conditions that will adequately protect the 

community.] [The State has the burden of proving that the respondent continues to 

meet the definition of a sexually violent predator]. Although this is a civil 

proceeding, the State must prove its case beyond a reasonable doubt and the jury 

must be unanimous in its decision.

 

2

6A Washington Practice: Washington Pattern Jury Instructions: Civil 365.30, at 587

(6th ed. 2012)
No. 48150-2-II

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6A WPI 365.30, at 587. The first paragraph of WPI 365.30 is similar to the language Roush 

proposed in his own jury instruction. However, as the note on use states, “This is not one of the 

written instructions on the law.” 6A WPI 365.30 n.594. Moreover, the instruction is meant for 

use for both unconditional and conditional release trials. The issue in an unconditional release 

trial is whether the respondent continues to meet the definition of an SVP. RCW 71.09.090(3)(c). 

Therefore, it would be inappropriate in an unconditional release trial to instruct the jury that the 

respondent is currently an SVP. Because WPI 365.30 is not meant to be an instruction on the law 

and applies to both unconditional and conditional release trials, it does not demonstrate that the 

trial court erred by instructing the jury that Roush is an SVP when that is not a disputed issue in a 

conditional release trial.

Roush also alleges that RCW 71.09.090(3)(d) supports his position that the jury instruction 

was erroneous. But the language on which Roush relies simply does not support his argument. 

Roush relies on the language stating, “Evidence of the prior commitment trial and disposition is 

admissible.” RCW 71.09.090(3)(d); Br. of Appellant at 12. Roush argues, “[T]his statutory 

statement that the existence of a ‘prior’ disposition may be admitted as evidence does not constitute 

a command that the jurors acting as fact finders in either of those scenarios be instructed, as Mr. 

Roush’s jury was, that the ‘Respondent is a sexually violent predator.’” Br. of Appellant at 12. 

But it does not follow that the trial court erred by giving such an instruction. When determining 

whether a jury instruction is an improper comment on the evidence, the issue is whether the jury 

instruction comments on a disputed fact. Here, whether prior dispositions are admissible in 
No. 48150-2-II

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conditional release trials, sheds no light on whether the jury instruction comments on a disputed 

fact.3 

Finally, Roush relies on our opinion in In re the Detention of R.W., which was a civil 

commitment case under the mental illness statute, chapter 71.05 RCW. R.W., 98 Wn. App. at 142. 

The trial court instructed the jury that

[a] prior history of decompensation leading to repeated hospitalizations or law 

enforcement interventions should be given great weight in determining whether a 

new less restrictive alternative commitment is in the best interest of the respondent 

or others.

R.W., 98 Wn. App. at 144. The instruction was based on language in the legislative intent section 

of the statute. R.W., 98 Wn. App. at 144-45. We held that “[b]ecause [the legislative intent] 

section is not operative, it is not substantive law, and it cannot be used to justify the instruction.” 

R.W., 98 Wn. App. at 145. We also held that “[t]he instruction was an impermissible comment on 

the evidence because it instructed the jury on the weight to give certain evidence.” R.W., 98 Wn. 

App. at 145. 

Unlike in R.W., the instruction in Roush’s case does not come from an inoperative 

legislative intent section of the law. The instruction is a correct statement of the law derived from 

 

3 Roush attempts to further support his argument by noting that the same language regarding the 

admissibility of prior commitments is contained in RCW 71.09.090(c) which applies to 

unconditional release trials. According to Roush, if we approve the instruction as given in this 

case, then the language in RCW 71.09.090(c) would require the same instruction in unconditional 

release trials. Roush correctly points out this would be inappropriate but his argument only 

highlights the fundamental issue in this case. In an unconditional release trial, the disputed issue 

is whether the respondent continues to meet the definition of an SVP so an instruction – regardless 

of the admissibility of prior dispositions – would be a direct comment on the disputed issue. 

Accordingly, Roush’s argument related to unconditional release trials lacks merit and is irrelevant 

to resolving the issue before us.
No. 48150-2-II

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codified, operative statutes. Accordingly, our reasoning in R.W. that the instruction lacked any 

foundation in law does not apply here. R.W. also disapproved of the instruction because it assigned 

weight to a piece of evidence that the jury was required to consider in reaching the ultimate issue 

in the trial. R.W., 98 Wn. App. at 145-46. Here, whether Roush met the definition of an SVP was 

not disputed. Therefore, the instruction did not improperly instruct the jury on how much weight 

to assign a piece of relevant evidence.

Roush’s arguments for why the trial court erred in instructing the jury that Roush is an SVP

are unpersuasive. Here, the jury instruction was a proper statement of the law and did not comment 

on a disputed fact at trial. Therefore, the trial court did not err by giving the instruction. Thus, we

affirm.

A majority of the panel having determined that this opinion will not be printed in the 

Washington Appellate Reports, but will be filed for public record in accordance with RCW 2.06.040, 

it is so ordered.

SUTTON, J.

We concur:

MAXA, A.C.J.

WORSWICK, J.