[Cite as State v. Malone, 2015-Ohio-3436.]

COURT OF APPEALS 

LICKING COUNTY, OHIO 

FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT 

STATE OF OHIO 

 Plaintiff-Appellant 

-vsSHAWN MALONE 

 Defendant-Appellee 

JUDGES: 

Hon. William B. Hoffman, P. J. 

Hon. Sheila G. Farmer, J. 

Hon. John W. Wise, J. 

Case No. 14 CA 89 

O P I N I O N 

CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING: Criminal Appeal from the Court of Common 

Pleas, Case No. 13 CR 610 

JUDGMENT: Affirmed 

DATE OF JUDGMENT ENTRY: August 24, 2015 

APPEARANCES: 

For Plaintiff-Appellee For Defendant-Appellant 

KENNETH W. OSWALT MICHAEL R. DALSANTO 

PROSECUTING ATTORNEY 3 South Park Place 

PAULA M. SAWYERS Suite 220 

ASSISTANT PROSECUTOR Newark, Ohio 43055 

20 South Second Street, 4th Floor 

Newark, Ohio 43055 
Licking County, Case No. 14 CA 89 2

Wise, J. 

{¶1} Defendant-Appellant Shawn G. Malone appeals his conviction following a 

jury trial entered in the Licking County Court of Common Pleas on one count of Gross 

Sexual Imposition. 

{¶2} Appellee is the State of Ohio. 

STATEMENT OF THE CASE AND FACTS

{¶3} On or about October 5, 2013, L.M. (d.o.b. 9/13/00) disclosed that her 

mother's boyfriend, Shawn Malone, hereinafter “Appellant”, had been sexually abusing 

her for the past several months. (Supp. T. at 10). She disclosed that this occurred on 

more than one occasion and consisted of digital penetration and fondling. Detective 

Steven Vanoy of the Newark Police Department was assigned to investigate the 

allegations. (Supp. T. at 10). 

{¶4} Appellant voluntarily agreed to accompany Detective Vanoy to the Newark 

Police Department to discuss the matter. (Supp. T. at 11). Detective Vanoy informed 

Appellant that he could not force him to come down to the station and talk to him. Id. 

Appellant drove himself to the Newark Police Department for this meeting. (Supp. T. at 

11-12). Upon arriving at the Newark Police Department, Detective Vanoy tape-recorded 

his conversation with Appellant. (Supp. T. at 12). Appellant was again advised by 

Detective Vanoy that he could leave at any time. Detective Vanoy made mention that he 

was aware that Appellant had to be at work in the early afternoon of that day, and they 

would conclude the interview in time for him to make work. (Supp. T. at 12-13). 

{¶5} During the interview, Detective Vanoy's office door was left open. (Supp. 

T. at 13). The open doorway was immediately to the right from where Appellant was 
Licking County, Case No. 14 CA 89 3

sitting and was unobstructed. (Supp. T. at 1314). Detective Vanoy informed Appellant 

that if at any time he wanted to leave, Detective Vanoy would escort him out of the 

office. (Supp. T. at 14). Appellant agreed to speak to Detective Vanoy and admitted to 

sexually touching L.M. (Supp. T. at 16). After receiving admissions from Appellant, 

Detective Vanoy informed Appellant that he was under arrest. (Supp. T. at 16). At that 

time, Appellant was read his Miranda rights. Appellant then continued to speak to 

Detective Vanoy. (Supp. T. at 15). 

{¶6} On October 31, 2013, the State filed an indictment against Appellant 

charging him with one count of Rape and one count of Gross Sexual Imposition, 

felonies of the first and third degree, respectively. 

{¶7} On March 20, 2014, Appellant filed a Motion to Suppress seeking to 

suppress statements he made to investigating officer Detective Vanoy. The State filed a 

memorandum in opposition on March 25, 2014, and on April 1, 2014, the case 

proceeded to an evidentiary hearing. 

{¶8} After the hearing, both the State and Appellant filed post-evidentiary 

briefs. 

{¶9} By Judgment Entry filed June 13, 2014, the trial court denied Appellant's 

motion. 

{¶10} On September 24, 2014, the case proceeded to jury trial. 

{¶11} At trial, the State introduced into evidence an audio recording of the 

interview. (Trial T. at 243). 

{¶12} Following deliberations, the jury found Appellant guilty of one count of 

G.S.I. but deadlocked on the Rape count. (Trial T. at 361). 
Licking County, Case No. 14 CA 89 4

{¶13} The State elected not to re-try Appellant on the rape charge. (Sent. T. at 

3). 

{¶14} On October 2, 2014, the case proceeded to sentencing, at which time the 

trial court sentenced Appellant to serve a prison sentence of five (5) years mandatory 

time on the G.S.I. count. 

{¶15} Appellant now appeals, assigning the following errors for review: 

ASSIGNMENTS OF ERROR

{¶16} “I. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED TO THE PREJUDICE OF THE 

APPELLANT WHEN IT ADMITTED INTO EVIDENCE INCULPATORY STATEMENTS 

TAKEN IN VIOLATION OF MIRANDA V. ARIZONA. 

{¶17} “II. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED TO THE PREJUDICE OF THE 

APPELLANT WHEN IT ADMITTED INTO EVIDENCE INVOLUNTARILY GIVEN 

INCULPATORY STATEMENTS MADE BY THE APPELLANT AT TRIAL. 

I., II. 

{¶18} In his First and Second Assignments of Error, Appellant argues the trial 

court erred in not suppressing the inculpatory statements he made during his interview 

with Detective Vanoy. We disagree. 

{¶19} There are three methods of challenging on appeal a trial court's ruling on a 

motion to suppress. First, an appellant may challenge the trial court's findings of fact. 

In reviewing a challenge of this nature, an appellate court must determine whether said 

findings of fact are against the manifest weight of the evidence. State v. Fanning, 1 

Ohio St.3d 19 (1982); State v. Klein, 73 Ohio App.3d 486 (4th Dist.1991); State v. 

Guysinger, 86 Ohio App.3d 592 (4th Dist.1993). Second, an appellant may argue the 
Licking County, Case No. 14 CA 89 5

trial court failed to apply the appropriate test or correct law to the findings of fact. In that 

case, an appellate court can reverse the trial court for committing an error of law. State 

v. Williams, 86 Ohio App.3d 37 (4th Dist.1993). Finally, assuming the trial court's 

findings of fact are not against the manifest weight of the evidence and it has properly 

identified the law to be applied, an appellant may argue the trial court has incorrectly 

decided the ultimate or final issue raised in the motion to suppress. When reviewing 

this type of claim, an appellate court must independently determine, without deference 

to the trial court's conclusion, whether the facts meet the appropriate legal standard in 

any given case. State v. Curry, 95 Ohio App.3d 93 (8th Dist.1994); State v. Claytor, 85 

Ohio App.3d 623 (4th Dist.1993); Guysinger. As the United States Supreme Court held 

in Ornelas v. U.S., 517 U.S. 690, 116 S.Ct. 1657, 1663 (1996), ". . . as a general matter 

determinations of reasonable suspicion and probable cause should be reviewed de 

novo on appeal." 

{¶20} In the case sub judice, Appellant argues that his statements were taken in 

violation of Miranda v. Arizona (1966), 384 U.S. 436 and were involuntarily given. 

{¶21} In order for an accused's statement to be admissible at trial, police must 

have given the accused a Miranda warning if there was a custodial interrogation. 

Miranda, supra. If that condition is established, the court can proceed to consider 

whether there has been an express or implied waiver of Miranda rights. Id., at 476. 

{¶22} A custodial interrogation occurs when a person has been taken into 

custody or otherwise deprived of his freedom of action in any significant way and a law 

enforcement officer questions that person. Id. “Prior to any questioning, the person must 

be warned that he has a right to remain silent, that any statement he does make may be 
Licking County, Case No. 14 CA 89 6

used as evidence against him, and that he has a right to the presence of an attorney, 

either retained or appointed.” Id.

{¶23} In Thompson v. Keohane, 516 U.S. 99, 116 S.Ct. 457, 133 L.Ed.2d 383 

(1995), the Court offered the following description of the Miranda custody test: 

{¶24} Two discrete inquiries are essential to the determination: first, what were 

the circumstances surrounding the interrogation; and second, given those 

circumstances, would a reasonable person have felt he or she was not at liberty to 

terminate the interrogation and leave. Once the scene is set and the players' lines and 

actions are reconstructed, the court must apply an objective test to resolve the ultimate 

inquiry: was there a formal arrest or restraint on freedom of movement of the degree 

associated with a formal arrest. 516 U.S., at 112, 116 S.Ct. 457 (internal quotation 

marks omitted). Accord, Yarborough v. Alvarado, 541 U.S. 652, 653, 124 S.Ct. 2140, 

158 L.Ed.2d 938 (2004). The police and courts must “examine all of the circumstances 

surrounding the interrogation,” Stansbury v. California, 511 U.S. 318, 322, 114 S.Ct. 

1526, 128 L.Ed.2d 293 (1994), including those that “would have affected how a 

reasonable person” in the suspect's position “would perceive his or her freedom to 

leave,” Id., at 325, 114 S.Ct. 1526. However, the test involves no consideration of the 

particular suspect's “actual mindset.” Yarborough, 541 U.S. 652, 667, 124 S.Ct. 2140, 

158 L.Ed.2d 938. Accord, State v. Mason, 82 Ohio St .3d 144, 153, 1998–Ohio–370, 

694 N.E.2d 932 (1998); State v. Gumm, 73 Ohio St.3d 413, 429, 1995–Ohio–24, 653 

N.E.2d 253 (1995). 

{¶25} In the case at bar, the following factors weigh against a finding that 

Appellant was in custody: Appellant drove himself to the police station voluntarily in his 
Licking County, Case No. 14 CA 89 7

own vehicle. There is no suggestion in the record that Appellant was threatened if he 

did not appear. Upon his arrival at the police station, Detective Vanoy informed 

Appellant that he was not under arrest and that the conversation was voluntary. The 

door to Det. Vanoy’s was left open during the interview. The interview lasted only ninety 

(90) minutes. Appellant, having a criminal history, had prior experience with the legal 

system and Miranda warnings. 

{¶26} Appellant, while acknowledging that Det. Vanoy informed him that he was 

free to stop the interview and leave at any time, argues that he did not feel he was at 

liberty to do so. Appellant claims that because he was on parole at the time, he was 

subject to significant additional prison time if he failed to cooperate. (Trial T. at 279-

280). He further argues that Det. Vanoy’s statement that he “needed to speak with 

[Appellant]” was not really a request and weighed against the statement that he was 

“free to leave”. Further, he argues that he did not feel free to leave because when he 

went to the police station, it was after hours and they entered through a gate and then 

proceeded through two sets of locked doors. 

{¶27} In State v. Brown, 100 Ohio St.3d 51, 2003–Ohio–5059, 796 N.E.2d 506 

(2003), the Ohio Supreme Court noted “[i]t is well established that at a suppression 

hearing, ‘the evaluation of evidence and the credibility of witnesses are issues for the 

trier of fact.’ State v. Mills (1992), 62 Ohio St.3d 357, 366 citing State v. Fanning (1982), 

1 Ohio St.3d 19, 20. The trial court was free to find the officers' testimony more credible 

than appellant's. We therefore defer to the trial court's ruling regarding the weight and 

credibility of witnesses. State v. Moore (1998), 81 Ohio St.3d 22, 31.” Brown at 55, 

2003–Ohio–5059 at ¶15. 
Licking County, Case No. 14 CA 89 8

{¶28} We conclude that a reasonable person in Appellant's position during the 

interview would have understood that he was free to walk away from the questioning by 

the officer and leave. State v. Mason, 82 Ohio St.3d 144, 153–154, 1998–Ohio–370 

(1998). 

{¶29} Appellant also argues that his statements were involuntary because Det. 

Vanoy made deceptive statements to him. 

{¶30} “The issues of whether a confession is voluntary, and whether a suspect 

has been subjected to custodial interrogation so as to require Miranda warnings, are 

analytically separate issues. The due process clause continues to require an inquiry, 

separate from custody considerations, concerning whether a defendant's will was 

overborne by the circumstances surrounding the giving of his confession.” State v. 

Jackson, 2d Dist. Greene No. 02CA0001, 2002–Ohio–4680, ¶ 19, citing Dickerson v. 

United States, 530 U.S. 428, 120 S.Ct. 2326, 147 L.Ed.2d 405 (2000) 

{¶31} This due process test takes into consideration the totality of all the 

surrounding facts and circumstances, including the characteristics of the accused and 

the details of the interrogation. Factors to be considered include the age, mentality, and 

prior criminal experience of the accused; the length, intensity and frequency of the 

interrogation; the existence of physical deprivation or mistreatment; and the existence of 

threats or inducements. State v. Edwards (1976), 49 Ohio St.2d 31, 358 N.E .2d 1051. 

{¶32} Here, Appellant does not assert that he was physically deprived or 

mistreated while at the police department, nor does the record reveal any type of 

physical deprivation. Moreover, there is no evidence that police subjected Appellant to 
Licking County, Case No. 14 CA 89 9

threats or physical abuse, or deprived him of food, sleep, or medical treatment. See

State v. Cooey, 46 Ohio St.3d 20, 28, 544 N.E.2d 895, 908 (1989). 

{¶33} Instead, Appellant argues that his statements were coerced by deceptive 

statements made to him by Det. Vanoy regarding Appellant being able to leave the 

police station and go to work later that day. 

{¶34} The use of deception does not make an interview coercive and does not 

necessarily violate due process. State v. Steele, 138 Ohio St.3d 1, 2013–Ohio–2470, 

citing State v. Wiles, 59 Ohio St.3d 71, 81, 571 N.E.2d 97 (1991). 

{¶35} “Deception is a factor bearing on voluntariness, but, standing alone, does 

not establish coercion * * *.” State v. Singleton, 2d Dist. Montgomery Nos. 17003, 17004 

(March 31, 1999), citing Frazier v. Cupp, 394 U.S. 731, 89 S.Ct. 1420, 22 L.Ed.2d 684 

(1999). (Other citations omitted.) See, also, State v. Brown, 100 Ohio St.3d 51, 2003–

Ohio–5059. 

{¶36} In Ohio, as in other jurisdictions, deception in interrogation is only one 

factor in assessing voluntariness. 

{¶37} “Use of deceit by the interrogating police officers and misrepresentations 

made to the suspect about the evidence police possess do not per se render a 

confession involuntary. Rather, deceit or a misrepresentation about the evidence is but 

one factor bearing on voluntariness.” State v. Reeves, 2d Dist. Greene No. 2002–CA–9, 

2002–Ohio–4810, ¶ 8. 

{¶38} After reviewing the totality of the circumstances, we find no evidence that 

Appellant’s statements or the waiver of his rights were not made voluntarily. The record 

is insufficient to establish that Appellant's “will was overborne” by the officer’s actions in 
Licking County, Case No. 14 CA 89 10

coming to his home to investigate this crime and in having Appellant come to the police 

station to make a statement. 

{¶39} We find that the trial court did not err in failing to suppress Appellant's oral 

statements. Appellant’s Assignments of Error are overruled 

{¶40} For the foregoing reasons, the judgment of the Court of Common Pleas of 

Licking County , Ohio, is affirmed. 

By: Wise, J. 

Hoffman, P. J., and 

Farmer, J., concur. 

JWW/d 0812 
Licking County, Case No. 14 CA 89 11