Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), this 

Memorandum Decision shall not be 

regarded as precedent or cited before any 

court except for the purpose of establishing 

the defense of res judicata, collateral 

estoppel, or the law of the case.

ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT:

MARK S. O’HARA

Hostetter & O’Hara

Brownsburg, Indiana

IN THE

COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA

GERSH ZAVODNIK, )

)

Appellant-Plaintiff, )

)

vs. ) No. 49A05-1211-CT-595

)

MICHELA RINALDI, et al., )

)

Appellees-Defendants. )

APPEAL FROM THE MARION SUPERIOR COURT

The Honorable Patrick L. McCarty, Judge

Cause No. 49D03-1006-CT-27798

June 28, 2013

MEMORANDUM DECISION - NOT FOR PUBLICATION

CRONE, Judge
2

Case Summary

Gersh Zavodnik appeals the trial court’s dismissal of his case against Michela Rinaldi 

and others based on Zavodnik’s failure to establish that he perfected service on the 

defendants, who reside in Italy. We affirm.

Facts and Procedural History

As we stated in the previous appeal in this case, “Beginning in early 2008 and 

continuing into 2010, Zavodnik filed a series of twenty-seven complaints against various 

people and businesses. By order of the Executive Committee of the Marion County Superior 

Court, all of Zavodnik’s cases were transferred to a single court.” Zavodnik v. Gehrt, No. 

49A02-1105-CT-393, 2012 WL 697152, at *1 (Ind. Ct. App. Mar. 1, 2012) (footnote 

omitted). In March 2011, Judge Timothy Oakes issued orders dismissing all twenty-seven 

cases pursuant to Indiana Trial Rule 41(E) based on Zavodnik’s “failure to effectuate service 

upon the defendants in a timely manner” and failure to comply with various Marion County 

Local Rules.1 Id. Zavodnik appealed those rulings, and those appeals were ultimately 

consolidated. Zavodnik, who had represented himself before the trial court, retained counsel 

for his appeal.

 

1

 Trial Rule 41(E) reads in pertinent part,

Whenever there has been a failure to comply with these rules or when no action has been 

taken in a civil case for a period of sixty [60] days, the court, on motion of a party or on its 

own motion shall order a hearing for the purpose of dismissing such case. The court shall 

enter an order of dismissal at plaintiff’s costs if the plaintiff shall not show sufficient cause at 

or before such hearing.
3

In March 2012, another panel of this Court held that Judge Oakes abused his 

discretion in dismissing three of Zavodnik’s cases, including one against Michela Rinaldi, 

because no Trial Rule 41(E) dismissal hearing was ordered in those cases.2 We reversed and 

remanded for further proceedings in those three cases and affirmed the dismissal of the 

twenty-four remaining cases. Judge Oakes recused himself from Zavodnik’s cases, which 

were transferred to Judge Patrick McCarty.

On August 16, 2012, Zavodnik, pro se, filed a document entitled “ADDITIONAL 

INFORMATION (CLARIFICATION ON THE EXACT PROCEDURE DONE DURING 

THE PROPERLY COMPLETED AND EXECUTED, ENACTED AND EFFECTUATED

SERVICE OF PROCESS ON THE DEFENDANTS MICHELA RINALDI [and others] IN 

SUPPORT OF AND TO BE COMBINED WITH THE PREVIOUSLY SUBMITTED 

PLAINTIFF’S AFFIDAVIT OF SERVICE OF PROCESS ON THE DEFENDANTS,”

3

as 

well as several exhibits. Appellant’s App. at 7. On August 29, 2012, Judge McCarty held a 

Trial Rule 41(E) hearing, at which only Zavodnik appeared, pro se. At the beginning of the 

hearing, Judge McCarty said, “I guess I need clarification here on service on the Defendant 

 

2

 The caption of Zavodnik’s complaint lists the following defendants: “MICHELA RINALDI AKA 

MICHELE RINALDI AKA SCOTTO DI RINALDI MICHELE CIRO AKA SCOTTO RINALDI MICHELE 

AKA SCOTTI RINALDI MICHELE AKA SCOTTO DI RINALDI MICHELE.” Appellant’s App. at 100. 

The complaint alleges that “Defendants are residents of Italy, but do business in Indiana and Marion County by 

email, mail and solicit that business over the Internet” and that “Defendants are doing business as Michela 

Rinaldi.” Id. The complaint further alleges that in November 2007, Zavodnik successfully bid on and paid for 

a shearling leather coat auctioned by Rinaldi on eBay and that he never received the coat.

3

In that document, Zavodnik asserted that “the Indiana Court of Appeals, in their findings, has found 

that the Defendants Michela Rinaldi [and others] have been properly served with the service of process 

documents and their translations ....” Appellant’s App. at 14. We made no such finding regarding Zavodnik’s

case against Rinaldi. Also, we note that Zavodnik’s affidavit of service does not appear in the record before us 

in this appeal.
4

so we can have jurisdiction. We need to show service on them – in Italy, I guess. So can you 

help me out a little bit with that?” Tr. at 1.4 Referring to documents in the court’s file, 

Zavodnik said, “[T]here are ... exhibits attached here with the translations that shows service 

on the Defendants.” Id. at 2. Zavodnik directed Judge McCarty’s attention to certain pages 

and paragraphs of the various exhibits. Judge McCarty replied, “Okay. I’m going to go 

through the rest of the file, now that I know the specific spots you’re talking about, and I’ll 

get an order out to you.” Id. at 5.

On September 13, 2012, Judge McCarty issued the following order:

Comes now the Court, and having conducted a hearing on August 29, 

2012, now FINDS and ORDERS:

1. The Court of Appeals held that this cause was originally 

dismissed without hearing and ordered that further proceedings be held.

2. There are various documents in the file which the Plaintiff 

purports to be proof of service but they are apparently in Italian, without 

translation.

3. At the hearing the Plaintiff failed to show to the Court’s 

satisfaction that service has been perfected on the Defendants.

IT IS THEREFORE ORDERED, ADJUDGED AND DECREED that 

this matter is dismissed per Trial Rule 41(e).

Appellant’s App. at 6. This appeal ensued.

 

4

 See Ind. Trial Rule 4(A) (“The court acquires jurisdiction over a party or person who under these 

rules commences or joins in the action, is served with summons or enters an appearance, or who is subjected to 

the power of the court under any other law.”). We note that Zavodnik’s counsel included a copy of the hearing 

transcript in the appellant’s appendix in violation of Indiana Appellate Rule 50(F), which says, “Because the 

Transcript is transmitted to the Court on Appeal pursuant to Rule 12(B), parties should not reproduce any 

portion of the Transcript in the Appendix.”
5

Discussion and Decision

Zavodnik, once again represented by counsel on appeal, challenges the trial court’s 

dismissal of his case. We will reverse a trial court’s dismissal of a case pursuant to Trial 

Rule 41(E) only upon an abuse of discretion. Ind. Dep’t of Natural Res. v. Ritz, 945 N.E.2d 

209, 213 (Ind. Ct. App. 2011), trans. denied.

An abuse of discretion occurs where the trial court’s decision is against the 

logic and effect of the facts and circumstances. We will affirm the trial court 

if any evidence supports the trial court’s decision. However, we view 

dismissals with disfavor, and dismissals are considered extreme remedies that 

should be granted only under limited circumstances.

Id. (citations and quotation marks omitted).

We note that Rinaldi did not file an appellee’s brief.

When an appellee fails to submit a brief, we will not undertake the burden of 

developing arguments for the appellee. In these situations, we apply a less 

stringent standard of review with respect to showings of reversible error, and

we may reverse the trial court’s decision if the appellant can establish prima 

facie error. In this context, prima facie error is defined as “at first sight, on 

first appearance, or on the face of it.”

Am. Acceptance Co. v. Willis, 984 N.E.2d 653, 654 (Ind. Ct. App. 2013) (citations omitted). 

“This standard prevents two evils that otherwise would undermine the judicial process.” 

Ponziano Constr. Servs., Inc. v. Quadri Enter., LLC, 980 N.E.2d 867, 875 (Ind. Ct. App. 

2012). “By requiring the appellant to show some error, we ensure that the court, not the 

parties, decides the law. By allowing the appellant to prevail upon a showing simply of 

prima facie error, we avoid the improper burden of having to act as advocate for the absent 

appellee.” Id. at 875-76 (citation omitted).

The substantive portion of Zavodnik’s argument reads as follows:
6

Despite the multiple filings of the documents which show service upon 

Rinaldi on August 11, 2010, Judge McCarty refused to acknowledge these 

documents, complaining that they were in Italian without English translations, 

which is contrary to the exhibits and documents provided as shown by the 

translations which provided [sic] on several occasions. Pursuant to the Hague 

Convention On The Service Abroad of Judicial and Extra-Judicial Documents, 

service of the Complaint, Summons, and Translations (all in (3) three copies) 

in this matter was effectuated by creating translations in Italian of the 

Complaint, and the Summons, by an official translator in Italy whose identity 

was noted on all documents translated by them ....

A Request for Service Abroad of a Judicial or Extra Judicial Documents 

was completed, which was then forwarded to the appropriate officials in the 

country of the individual upon whom service is requested. The Complaint, 

Summons, Pro Se Appearrance [sic] form of Zavodnik and translations were 

forwarded from Rome to the local officials under a cover document, which is 

returned upon service along with a Certificate of Service or Non Service of 

Documents under Article 10 of the Hague Convention.[5] The documents were 

then mailed from the officials in Naples, Italy to Zavodnik with the envelopes 

shown [in the appellant’s appendix] along with a translation of the return 

address on the envelope.

Judge McCarty ignored the English translation of the Certificate of 

Service which was attached to the actual copy of the Certificate, first in Italian 

and then in English. Actual Certificate of Service example is [on page 61 of

the appendix], and the Hague Convention Article 10 translation attached [on 

pages 62 through 65]. The English translation of this document starts on [page 

63 of the appendix] with the “x” marking the items checked by the official on 

the original Certificate of Service. This process was repeated for the service of 

the alias named summons also, and all show service on the individual at the 

residence designated. These documents were returned and filed with the 

 

5

 Article 10 of the Hague Convention, which is the only provision of the treaty specifically cited in 

Zavodnik’s brief, reads as follows:

Provided the State of destination does not object, the present Convention shall not interfere 

with -

(a) the freedom to send judicial documents, by postal channels, directly to persons abroad,

(b) the freedom of judicial officers, officials or other competent persons of the State of origin 

to effect service of judicial documents directly through the judicial officers, officials or other 

competent persons of the State of destination,

(c) the freedom of any person interested in a judicial proceeding to effect service of judicial 

documents directly through the judicial officers, officials or other competent persons of the

State of destination.
7

Marion County Superior Court first as exhibits to the Affidavit of Service and 

again in August 2012 in the filing which is reflected in the Appendix. While 

Judge McCarty may have wished the translations or documents to be in some 

other form, they are in English and were compiled by Italian officials pursuant 

to Article 10 of the Hague Convention. Zavodnik cannot control this and the 

lower court in its dismissal of this action is punishing Zavodnik for the form of 

the Italian official’s compliance with Article 10 of the Hague Convention.

Pursuant to Trial Rule [4.1(A)

6

], service has been completed and the 

Certificate of Service clearly has the language set forth in Trial Rule 

[4.15(A)(1)7] that service was made upon the person, by delivery, personally to 

the person and the date of service August 11, 2010. It is unclear as to what 

more Judge McCarty could reasonably require and as such his decision to 

dismiss this matter is against the logic and facts as shown by these exhibits and 

his decision should be reversed.

Appellant’s Br. at 4-6 (citations to appendix omitted).

Zavodnik then goes on to say,

The service through the means set forth in the international treaties is a 

process that is not taught in any law school, is rarely if ever used by attorneys 

or judges in the state courts and as a result there is vast unfamiliarity with these 

treaties. Zavodnik has done everything in accordance with the provision [sic] 

of the Hague Convention and could easily teach the bar of this state on the 

 

6

 Indiana Trial Rule 4.1(A) provides,

Service may be made upon an individual, or an individual acting in a representative capacity, 

by:

(1) sending a copy of the summons and complaint by registered or certified mail or other 

public means by which a written acknowledgment of receipt may be requested and obtained to

his residence, place of business or employment with return receipt requested and returned 

showing receipt of the letter; or

(2) delivering a copy of the summons and complaint to him personally; or

(3) leaving a copy of the summons and complaint at his dwelling house or usual place of 

abode; or

(4) serving his agent as provided by rule, statute or valid agreement.

7

 Trial Rule 4.15(A) states in pertinent part,

The person making service shall promptly make his return upon or attach it to a copy of the 

summons which shall be delivered to the clerk. The return shall be signed by the person 

making it, and shall include a statement: (1) that service was made upon the person as 

required by law and the time, place, and manner thereof ....
8

treaties and the process, and the fact that these international treaties are 

supreme in power, authority, validity, or importance and therefore are to be 

recognized by every court in the United States. In our current age of 

worldwide commerce via the internet and other electronic means, service of 

process under these treaties will become more and more common place [sic] in 

today’s global economy and the courts and attorneys of this state need to 

become accustom [sic] to these processes and understand their legal impact.

Id. at 7.

It may be true, as Zavodnik claims, that “service through the means set forth in the 

international treaties ... is rarely if ever used by attorneys or judges in the state courts,” and 

for that reason one might have expected Zavodnik to cite and/or quote from relevant federal 

cases, or even the relevant provisions of the Hague Convention itself, in order to enlighten 

the trial court and this Court on the subject. This he did not do. Instead, all we have are his 

unsupported self-serving claims that he properly filled out various forms that purportedly 

comply with the Hague Convention and that those forms were properly processed by Italian 

officials and properly delivered to Rinaldi, despite the apparent lack of certification or 

attestation as to the authenticity of the proffered documents. This is insufficient to establish 

prima facie error.8 See Ind. Appellate Rule 46(A)(8)(a) (stating that an appellant’s argument 

“must contain the contentions of the appellant on the issues presented, supported by cogent 

reasoning. Each contention must be supported by citations to the authorities, statutes, and the 

Appendix or parts of the Record on Appeal relied on, in accordance with Rule 22.”); Reed v. 

Reid, 980 N.E.2d 277, 297 (Ind. 2012) (“Failure to comply with this rule results in waiver of 

 

8

 Zavodnik also relies on unauthenticated emails purportedly written by Rinaldi to show that Rinaldi 

received the summons. These too are insufficient to establish prima facie error.
9

the argument on appeal.”). It appears that the forms are in both English and Italian, contrary 

to the trial court’s finding, but that does not change the fact that Zavodnik failed to show to 

that court’s (and to this Court’s) satisfaction that service has been perfected on Rinaldi in 

accordance with Indiana law. Therefore, we affirm the trial court’s dismissal of Zavodnik’s

case against Rinaldi pursuant to Indiana Trial Rule 41(E).

Affirmed.

ROBB, C.J., and FRIEDLANDER, J., concur.