Presidential Documents

Federal Register / Vol. 90, No. 25 / Friday, February 7, 2025 / Presidential Documents 9117 

Executive Order 14194 of February 1, 2025 

Imposing Duties To Address the Situation at Our Southern 

Border 

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the 

laws of the United States of America, including the International Emergency 

Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) (IEEPA), the National Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.) (NEA), section 604 of the Trade Act 

of 1974, as amended (19 U.S.C. 2483), and section 301 of title 3, United 

States Code, 

I, DONALD J. TRUMP, President of the United States of America, find 

that the sustained influx of illegal aliens and illicit opioids and other drugs 

has profound consequences on our Nation, endangering lives and putting 

a severe strain on our healthcare system, public services, communities, 

and schools. Since the end of my first term, U.S. Customs and Border 

Protection (CBP) within the Department of Homeland Security has recorded 

more than three times as many inadmissible encounters nationwide as during 

my first term. 

These challenges threaten the fabric of our society. Gang members, smugglers, 

human traffickers, and illicit drugs of all kinds have poured across our 

borders and into our communities. Mexico has played a central role in 

these challenges, including by failing to devote sufficient attention and 

resources to meaningfully stem the tide of unlawful migration and illicit 

drugs. 

Mexican drug trafficking organizations (DTOs) are the world’s leading traffickers of fentanyl, methamphetamine, cocaine, and other illicit drugs, and 

they cultivate, process, and distribute massive quantities of narcotics that 

fuel addiction and violence in communities across the United States. These 

DTOs collaborate and conspire with transnational cartels and other global 

partners to smuggle drugs into the United States, utilizing clandestine airstrips, maritime routes, tunnels, and overland corridors, and both willing 

and unwilling human couriers. 

The Mexican DTOs have an intolerable alliance with the government of 

Mexico. This alliance endangers the national security of the United States, 

and we must eradicate the influence of these dangerous cartels from the 

bilateral environment. The government of Mexico has afforded safe havens 

for the cartels to engage in the manufacturing and transportation of illicit 

drugs, which collectively have led to the overdose deaths of hundreds of 

thousands of American victims. 

Mexican cartels are also implicated in human trafficking and smuggling 

operations, enabling the illegal migration of millions across our borders. 

These operations are often tied to organized crime, and they create pathways 

for cartel activities to expand into the United States. Furthermore, violent 

criminals originating from Central and South America easily transit into 

and through Mexico, and into the United States, where they cause irreparable 

harm to our citizens. These dangerous criminals are involved in drug-related 

violence, gang activity, and other crimes that endanger the safety of American 

communities. 

Immediate action is required to address the national emergency I declared 

in Proclamation 10886 of January 20, 2025 (Declaring a National Emergency 

at the Southern Border of the United States), and to finally end the public 


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health crisis caused by opioid use and addiction, which will not happen 

unless the compliance and cooperation of the government of Mexico is 

assured. 

I hereby determine and order: 

Section 1. (a) As President of the United States, my highest duty is the 

defense of the country and its citizens. A Nation without borders is not 

a Nation at all. I will not stand by and allow our sovereignty to be eroded, 

our laws to be trampled, our citizens to be endangered, or our borders 

to be disrespected anymore. 

I previously declared a national emergency with respect to the grave threat 

to the United States posed by the influx of illegal aliens and illicit drugs 

into the United States in Proclamation 10886. Pursuant to the NEA, I hereby 

expand the scope of the national emergency declared in that proclamation 

to cover the failure of Mexico to arrest, seize, detain, or otherwise intercept 

DTOs, other drug and human traffickers, criminals at large, and illicit drugs. 

In addition, this failure to act on the part of the government of Mexico 

constitutes an unusual and extraordinary threat, which has its source in 

substantial part outside the United States, to the national security, foreign 

policy, and economy of the United States. I hereby declare and reiterate 

a national emergency under the NEA and IEEPA to deal with that threat. 

This national emergency requires decisive and immediate action, and I have 

decided to impose, consistent with law, ad valorem tariffs on articles that 

are products of Mexico as set forth in this order. In doing so, I invoke 

my authority under section 1702(a)(1)(B) of IEEPA, and specifically find 

that action under other authority to impose tariffs is inadequate to address 

this unusual and extraordinary threat. 

Sec. 2. (a) All articles that are products of Mexico, as defined by the 

Federal Register notice described in section 2(d) of this order (the Federal 

Register notice), shall be, consistent with law, subject to an additional 25 

percent ad valorem rate of duty. Such rate of duty shall apply with respect 

to goods entered for consumption, or withdrawn from warehouse for consumption, on or after 12:01 a.m. eastern time on February 4, 2025, except 

that goods entered for consumption, or withdrawn from warehouse for consumption, after such time that were loaded onto a vessel at the port of 

loading or in transit on the final mode of transport prior to entry into 

the United States before 12:01 a.m. eastern time on February 1, 2025, shall 

not be subject to such additional duty, only if the importer certifies to 

CBP as specified in the Federal Register notice. 

(b) The rates of duty established by this order are in addition to any 

other duties, fees, exactions, or charges applicable to such imported articles. 

(c) Should the government of Mexico retaliate against the United States 

in response to this action through import duties on United States exports 

to Mexico or similar measures, the President may increase or expand in 

scope the duties imposed under this Executive Order to ensure the efficacy 

of this action. 

(d) In order to establish the duty rate on imports of articles that are 

products of Mexico, the Secretary of Homeland Security shall determine 

the modifications necessary to the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United 

States (HTSUS) in order to effectuate this order consistent with law and 

shall make such modifications to the HTSUS through notice in the Federal 

Register. The modifications made to the HTSUS by this notice shall be 

effective with respect to goods entered for consumption, or withdrawn from 

warehouse for consumption, on or after 12:01 a.m. eastern time on February 

4, 2025, except as otherwise noted in subsection 2(a) of this section, and 

shall continue in effect until such actions are expressly reduced, modified, 

or terminated. 

(e) Articles that are products of Mexico, except those that are eligible 

for admission under ‘‘domestic status’’ as defined in 19 CFR 146.43, which 

are subject to the duties imposed by this order and are admitted into a 


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United States foreign trade zone on or after 12:01 a.m. eastern time on 

February 4, 2025, except as otherwise noted in subsection 2(a) of this section, 

must be admitted as ‘‘privileged foreign status’’ as defined in 19 CFR 146.41. 

Such articles will be subject upon entry for consumption to the rates of 

duty related to the classification under the applicable HTSUS subheading 

in effect at the time of admittance into the United States foreign trade 

zone. 

(f) No drawback shall be available with respect to the duties imposed 

pursuant to this order. 

(g) For avoidance of doubt, duty-free de minimis treatment under 19 

U.S.C. 1321 shall not be available for the articles described in subsection 

(a) of this section. 

(h) Any prior Presidential Proclamation, Executive Order, or other presidential directive or guidance related to trade with Mexico that is inconsistent 

with the direction in this order is hereby terminated, suspended, or modified 

to the extent necessary to give full effect to this order. 

(i) The articles described in subsection (a) of this section shall exclude 

those encompassed by 50 U.S.C. 1702(b). 

Sec. 3. (a) The Secretary of Homeland Security shall regularly consult with 

the Secretary of State, the Attorney General, the Assistant to the President 

for National Security Affairs, and the Assistant to the President for Homeland 

Security on the situation at our southern border. The Secretary of Homeland 

Security shall inform the President of any circumstances that, in the opinion 

of the Secretary of Homeland Security, indicate that the government of 

Mexico has taken adequate steps to alleviate the illegal migration and illicit 

drug crisis through cooperative actions. Upon the President’s determination 

of sufficient action to alleviate the crisis, the tariffs described in section 

2 of this order will be removed. 

(b) The Secretary of Homeland Security, in coordination with the Secretary 

of State, the Attorney General, the Assistant to the President for National 

Security Affairs, and the Assistant to the President for Homeland Security 

shall recommend additional action, if necessary, should the government 

of Mexico fail to take adequate steps to alleviate the illegal migration and 

illicit drug crises through cooperative enforcement actions. 

Sec. 4. The Secretary of Homeland Security, in consultation with the Secretary of the Treasury, the Attorney General, and the Secretary of Commerce, 

is hereby authorized to take such actions, including adopting rules and 

regulations, and to employ all powers granted to me by IEEPA as may 

be necessary to implement this order. The Secretary of Homeland Security 

may, consistent with applicable law, redelegate any of these functions within 

the Department of Homeland Security. All agencies shall take all appropriate 

measures within their authority to implement this order. 

Sec. 5. The Secretary of Homeland Security, in coordination with the Secretary of the Treasury, the Attorney General, the Secretary of Commerce, 

the Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs, and the Assistant 

to the President for Homeland Security, is hereby authorized to submit 

recurring and final reports to the Congress on the national emergency under 

IEEPA declared in this order, consistent with section 401(c) of the NEA 

(50 U.S.C. 1641(c)) and section 204(c) of IEEPA (50 U.S.C. 1703(c)). 

Sec. 6. General Provisions. (a) Nothing in this order shall be construed 

to impair or otherwise affect: 

(i) the authority granted by law to an executive department, agency, or 

the head thereof; or 

(ii) the functions of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget 

relating to budgetary, administrative, or legislative proposals. 

(b) This order shall be implemented consistent with applicable law and 

subject to the availability of appropriations. 


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(c) This order is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, 

substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any party 

against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, 

employees, or agents, or any other person. 

THE WHITE HOUSE, 

February 1, 2025. 

[FR Doc. 2025–02407 

Filed 2–6–25; 8:45 am] 

Billing code 3395–F4–P 


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