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                Ingredients, Additives, GRAS & Packaging Guidance Documents & Regulatory Information

Ingredients, Additives, GRAS & Packaging Guidance Documents & Regulatory Information

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          Food Defect Levels HandbookIngredients, Additives, GRAS & Packaging Guidance Documents & Regulatory Information Food Defect Levels Handbook
  
  	
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    Print**Levels of natural or unavoidable defects in foods that present no health hazards for humans**

Introduction
	Products without defects
	Use of Chemical Substances to Eliminate Defect Levels
	Using This Food Defect Action Level Booklet
	Glossary
	Commodities and Defect Action LevelsINTRODUCTION

Title 21, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 110.110 allows the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to establish maximum levels of natural or unavoidable defects in foods for human use that present no health hazard. These "Food Defect Action Levels" listed in this booklet are set on this premise--that they pose no inherent hazard to health.

Poor manufacturing practices may result in enforcement action without regard to the action level. Likewise, the mixing of blending of food with a defect at or above the current defect action level with another lot of the same or another food is not permitted. That practice renders the final food unlawful regardless of the defect level of the finished food.

The FDA set these action levels because it is economically impractical to grow, harvest, or process raw products that are totally free of non-hazardous, naturally occurring, unavoidable defects. Products harmful to consumers are subject to regulatory action whether or not they exceed the action levels.

It is incorrect to assume that because the FDA has an established defect action level for a food commodity, the food manufacturer need only stay just below that level. The defect levels do not represent an average of the defects that occur in any of the products--the averages are actually much lower. The levels represent limits at which FDA will regard the food product "adulterated"; and subject to enforcement action under Section 402(a)(3) of the Food, Drug, and Cosmetics Act.

As technology improves, the FDA may review and change defect action levels on this list. Also, products may be added to the list. The FDA publishes these revisions as *Notices* in the Federal *Register*. It is the responsibility of the user of this booklet to stay current with any changes to this list.

PRODUCTS WITHOUT DEFECT LEVELS

If there is no defect action level for a product, or when findings show levels or types of defects that do not appear to fit the action level criteria, FDA evaluates the samples and decides on a case-by-case basis. In this procedure, FDA's technical and regulatory experts in filth and extraneous materials use a variety of criteria, often in combination, in determining the significance and regulatory impact of the findings.

The criteria considered is based on the reported findings (e.g., lengths of hairs, sizes of insect fragments, distribution of filth in the sample, and combinations of filth types found). Moreover, FDA interprets the findings considering available scientific information (e.g., ecology of animal species represented) and the knowledge of how a product is grown, harvested, and processed.

USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES TO ELIMINATE DEFECT LEVELS

It is FDA's position that pesticides are not the alternative to preventing food defects. The use of chemical substances to control insects, rodents and other natural contaminants has little, if any impact on natural and unavoidable defects in foods. The primary use of pesticides in the field is to protect food plants from being ravaged by destructive plant pests (leaf feeders, stem borers, etc.).

A secondary use of pesticides is for cosmetic purposes--to prevent some food products from becoming so severely damaged by pests that it becomes unfit to eat.

USING THIS FOOD DEFECT ACTION LEVEL BOOKLET

This edition of The Food Defect Action Level includes the source of each defect and the significance of it (i.e., how the defect affects the food). Food processors may find this information helpful as a quality control tool in their operation.

Food commodities (Product) are listed alphabetically. Each listing indicates the analytical methodology (Defect Method) used, as well as the parameters for the defect (Defect Action Level).

The Macroanalytical Procedures Manual (MPM) is out of print. However, it is available on the web at Macroanalytical Procedures Manual.

For information on the availability of the Official Methods of Analysis by AOAC International, you may contact them at:

www.aoac.org
AOAC INTERNATIONAL
2275 Research Blvd, Ste 300
Rockville, MD 20850-3250  USA
•+1 (800) 379-2622 (Toll Free North America)
•+1 (301) 924-7077 (Worldwide)

The Glossary describes terms used throughout this booklet.

GLOSSARY

**ABUSE**

Improper handling.

**AESTHETIC**

Offensive to the senses.

**CONTAMINATION**

Addition of foreign material, (e.g., dirt, hair, excreta, non-invasive insects, machinery mold) to a product.

**COPEPODS**

Small free-swimming marine crustaceans, many of which are fish parasites. In some species the females enter the tissues of the host fish and may form pus pockets.

**DAMAGE**

Refers to the condition of the product which shows the evidence of the pest habitation or feeding, (e.g., tunneling, gnawing, egg cases, etc.).

**DECOMPOSED**

Consists of the bacterial breakdown of the normal product tissues and the subsequent enzyme induced chemical changes. These changes are manifested by abnormal odors, taste, texture, color, etc.

**ECONOMIC ADULTERATION**

Intentional failure to remove inedible materials from the finished product, or the intentional addition or substitution of cheaper food or ingredient to a product.

**EXTRANEOUS MATERIALS**

Any foreign matter in a product associated with objectionable conditions or practices in production, storage, or distribution. Includes: objectionable matter contributed by insects, rodents, and birds; decomposed material; and miscellaneous matter such as sand, soil, glass, rust, or other foreign substances.

**FOREIGN MATTER**

Includes objectionable matter such as sticks, stones, burlap bagging, cigarette butts, etc. Also includes the valueless parts of the raw plant material, such as stems.

**GUMMY**

A resinous glaze on an almond kernel that is induced by an insect injury or mechanical damage.

**HARVEST**

occurs during the harvesting process.

**INFECTION**

A condition due to the growth of an organism in a host, (e.g., rot or decay, visible mold mycelia).

**INFESTATION**

The presence of any live or dead life cycle stages of insects in a host product, (e.g., weevils in pecans, fly eggs and maggots in tomato products); or evidence of their presence (i.e., excreta, cast skins, chewed product residues, urine, etc.); or the establishment of an active breeding population, (e.g., rodents in a grain silo).

**MILDEW**

Refers to downy mildew which is a fungus infection that causes yellow-brown spots on the leaves of edible greens in the mustard family.

**MOLD COUNT**

Refers to the results of the Howard mold count method which is reported as the percentage of positive microscopic fields that have been scored as either positive or negative based on the presence or absence of a minimum amount of mold hyphae. Performed only on comminuted fruits and vegetables, and some ground spices. The source of the mold hyphae is rotten raw material that is processed along with sound raw material but is no longer visible due to the comminution process.

**MOLDY**

Evidenced by the presence of **mold** (mold hyphae and/or spore forming structures) that are visible to the unaided eye. Microscopic examination may be used to confirm the presence of characteristic hyphal filaments and fruiting structures.

**POST HARVEST**

occurs after harvest, for example:

field holding of the harvested crop prior to transit
	farm storage of harvested crop
	during transit by truck, ship, rail, etc.
	at the processing facility, awaiting processing or proper storage**PREHARVEST**

occurs while product is in the field, during growth or awaiting harvest.**PROCESSING**

occurs while in the processing facility, in storage or during processing.**RANCID**

A condition where a product has a disagreable odor or taste of decomposed oils or fat. For example, rancid nuts frequently are soft, with a yellow, dark, or oily appearance, a bitter taste and a stale odor.**ROT**

Plant tissue that is visibly decomposed, usually discolored with disagreeable odors and taste. The plant tissue has been invaded and is being digested by microorganisms. Although rot can also be caused by bacteria and yeasts, these organisms are secondary invaders. Molds are the primary organisms of decomposition and the presence of mold hyphae in the tissue is used to confirm rot.

	**SHRIVELED**

	A condition where the nut kernel is shrunken and not fully developed, commonly a result of climatic stress or infection by certain molds.**SIGNIFICANCE OF DEFECT**

Refers to the real or potential impact on the consumer due to the presence of a particular defect. A listed defect can have more than one significance to the consumer (e.g., the mold defect of whole cassia has an aesthetic significance, whereas the mold defect of green coffee beans has a potential health hazard significance due to the threat of mold toxins produced by the mold species known to infect coffee beans).

**SOUR**

In fruits, consists of the bacterial breakdown of the product and the formation of lactic acid and subsequent sour taste.

**WATER INSOLUBLE INORGANIC MATTER**

A contaminant of the finished product that consists of fine grit that originates from the sand, dirt, and stones that contaminate the raw agricultural product at the time of harvest.

**WHOLE OR EQUIVALENT INSECT**

A whole insect, separate head, or body portions with head attached.

**WORTHLESS**

Any condition where the product has been affected by organisms or the environment that it has no food value.

COMMODITIES AND DEFECT ACTION LEVELS



PRODUCT
			DEFECT
			(Method)
			ACTION LEVELAllspice, Ground
			Insect Filth
			(AOAC 981.21)
			Average of 30 or more insect fragments per 10 gramsRodent filth
			(AOAC 981.21)
			Average of 1 or more rodent hairs per 10 gramsDEFECT SOURCE: *Insect fragments - pre/post harvest and processing insect infestation. Rodent hair - post harvest and/or processing contamination with animal hair or excreta*
			SIGNIFICANCE: *Aesthetic*Allspice, Whole
			Mold
			(MPM-V32)
			Average of 5% or more berries by weight are moldyDEFECT SOURCE: *: Preharvest and/or post harvest infection*
			SIGNIFICANCE: *Potential health hazard - may contain mycotoxin producing fungi*Apple Butter
			Mold
			(AOAC 975.51)
			Average of mold count is 12% or moreRodent filth
			(AOAC 945.76)
			Average of 4 or more rodent hairs per 100 grams of apple butterInsects
			(AOAC 945.76)
			Average of 5 or more whole or equivalent insects (not counting mites, aphids, thrips, or scale insects) per 100 grams of apple butterDEFECT SOURCE: *Mold - post harvest infection. Rodent hair - post harvest and/or processing contamination with animal hair. Whole or equivalent insects - preharvest, and/or post harvest and/or processing insect infestation,*
			SIGNIFICANCE:*Aesthetic*Apricots, Canned
			Insect filth
			(MPM-V51)
			Average of 2% or more by count has been damaged or infected by insectsDEFECT SOURCE: *Pre-harvest insect infestation*
			SIGNIFICANCE: *Aesthetic*Asparagus, Canned or Frozen
			Insect filth
			(MPM-V93)
			10% by count of spears or pieces are infested with 6 or more attached asparagus beetle eggs and/or sacsInsects
			(MPM-V93)
			Asparagus contains an average of 40 or more thrips per 100 grams
			OR
			Insects (whole or equivalent) of 3mm or longer have an average aggregate length of 7mm or longer per 100 grams of asparagusDEFECT SOURCE: Pre-harvest insect infestation
			SIGNIFICANCE: AestheticBay (Laurel) Leaves
			Mold
			(MPM-V32 ) *****
			Average of 5% or more pieces by weight are moldyInsect filth
			(MPM-V32)
			Average of 5% or more pieces by weight are insect-infestedMammalian excreta
			(MPM-V32)
			Average of 1 mg or more mammalian excreta per pound after processingDEFECT SOURCE: *Mold - preharvest infection. Insect infestation - preharvest and/or post harvest and/or processing insect infestation. Mammalian excreta - post harvest and/or processing animal contamination*
			SIGNIFICANCE: *Aesthetic*Beets, Canned
			Rot
			Average of 5% or more pieces by weight with dry rotDEFECT SOURCE:*Preharvest mold infection*
			SIGNIFICANCE:*Aesthetic*Berries: Drupelet, Canned and Frozen (blackberries, raspberries, etc.)
			Mold
			(AOAC 955.47)
			Average mold count is 60% or moreInsects and larvae
			(AOAC 981.20)
			Average of 4 or more larvae per 500 grams
			OR
			Average of 10 or more whole insects or equivalent per 500 grams (excluding thrips, aphids and mites)DEFECT SOURCE: *Insects and larvae - preharvest insect infestation. Mold - post harvest infection*
			Significance:*Aesthetic*Berries: Lingon, Canned (European cranberry)
			Insect larvae
			(MPM-V64)
			Average of 3 or more larvae per pound in a minimum of 12 subsamplesDEFECT SOURCE: *Insects-pre-harvest insect infestation*
			Significance:*Aesthetic*Berries: Multer, Canned
			Insects
			(MPM-V64)
			Average of 40 or more thrips per No.2 can in all subsamples and 20% of subsamples are materially infestedDEFECT SOURCE: *Insects-pre-harvest insect infestation*
			Significance:*Aesthetic*Broccoli, Frozen
			Insects and mites
			(AOAC 945.82)
			Average of 60 or more aphids and/or thrips and/or mites per 100 gramsDEFECT SOURCE: *Pre-harvest insect infestation*
			Significance:*Aesthetic*Brussels Sprouts, Frozen
			Insects
			(MPM-V95)
			Average of 30 or more aphids and/or thrips per 100 gramsDEFECT SOURCE: *Pre-harvest insect infestation*
			Significance:*Aesthetic*Capsicum Pods
			Insect filth and/or mold
			(MPM-V32)
			Average of more than 3% of pods by weight are insect-infested and/or moldyMammalian excreta
			(MPM-V32)
			Average of more than 1mg mammalian excreta per poundDEFECT SOURCE: *Insect infested - preharvest and/or post harvest insect infestation. Mold - preharvest and/or post harvest infection, Mammalian excreta - post harvest and/or processing animal contamination*
			Significance:*Aesthetic, Potential health hazard - mold may contain mycotoxin producing fungi*Ground Capsicum (excluding paprika)
			Mold
			(AOAC 945.94)
			Average mold count is more than 20%Insect filth
			(AOAC 978.22)
			Average of more than 50 insect fragments per 25 gramsRodent filth
			(AOAC 978.22)
			Average of more than 6 rodent hairs per 25 gramsDEFECT SOURCE: *Mold - pre-harvest and/or post harvest mold infection. Insect fragments - pre-harvest and/or post harvest and/or processing insect infestation. Rodent hair - pre-harvest and/or post harvest and/or processing contamination with animal hair or excreta*
			Significance:*Aesthetic, Mold may contain mycotoxin producing fungi*Ground Paprika
			Mold
			(AOAC 945.94)
			Average mold count is more than 20%Insect filth
			(AOAC 977.25B)
			Average of more than 75 insect fragments per 25 gramsRodent filth
			(AOAC 977.25B)
			Average of more than 11 rodent hairs per 25 gramsDEFECT SOURCE: *Mold - pre and/or post harvest mold infection. Insect fragments - pre and/or post harvest and/or processing insect infestation. Rodent hair - pre and/or post harvest and/or processing contamination with animal hair or excreta*
			Significance:*Aesthetic, Potential health hazard - mold may contain mycotoxin producing fungi*Cassia (or) Cinnamon Bark, Whole
			Mold
			(MPM-V32)
			Average of 5% or more pieces by weight are moldyInsect filth
			(MPM-V32)
			Average of 5% or more pieces by weight are insect-infestedMammalian excreta
			(MPM-V32)
			Average of 1 mg or more mammalian excreta per poundDEFECT SOURCE: *Mold - post harvest mold infection. Insect infestation - post harvest and/or processing. Mammalian excreta - post harvest and/or processing animal contamination.*
			Significance:*Aesthetic*Cinnamon, Ground
			Insect filth
			(AOAC 968.38b)
			Average of 400 or more insect fragments per 50 gramRodent filth
			(AOAC 968.38b)
			Average of 11 or more rodent hairs per 50 gramsDEFECT SOURCE: *Insect fragments - post harvest and/or processing insect infestation. Rodent hair - post harvest and/or processing contamination with animal hair or excreta*
			Significance:*Aesthetic*Cherries: Brined and Maraschino
			Insect filth
			(MPM-V48)
			Average of 5% or more pieces are rejects due to maggotsDEFECT SOURCE: *Pre-harvest insect infestation*
			Significance:*Aesthetic*Cherries: Fresh, Canned, or Frozen
			Rot
			(MPM-V48)
			Average of 7% or more pieces are rejects due to rotInsect filth
			(MPM-V48)
			Average of 4% or more pieces are rejects due to insects other than maggotsDEFECT SOURCE: *Insect reject - Pre-harvest and/or post harvest insect infestation, Rot reject - pre-harvest mold infection*
			SIGNIFICANCE: *Aesthetic*Cherry Jam
			Mold
			(MPM-V61)
			Average mold count is 30% or moreDEFECT SOURCE: *Pre-harvest mold infection*
			Significance:*Aesthetic*Chocolate and Chocolate Liquor
			Insect filth
			(AOAC 965.38)
			Average is 60 or more insect fragments per 100 grams when 6 100-gram subsamples are examined
			OR
			Any 1 subsample contains 90 or more insect fragmentsRodent filth
			(AOAC 965.38)
			Average is 1 or more rodent hairs per 100 grams in 6 100-gram subsamples examined
			OR
			Any 1 subsample contains 3 or more rodent hairsShell
			(AOAC 968.10-970.23)
			For chocolate liquor, if the shell is in excess of 2% calculated on the basis of alkali-free nibsDEFECT SOURCE: *Insect fragments - post harvest and/or processing insect infestation, Rodent hair - post harvest and/or processing contamination with animal hair or excreta, Shell - processing contamination*
			Significance:*Aesthetic*Citrus Fruit Juices, Canned
			Mold
			(AOAC 970.75)
			Average mold count is 10% or moreInsects and insect eggs
			(AOAC 970.72)
			5 or more Drosophila and other fly eggs per 250 ml or 1 or more maggots per 250 mlDEFECT SOURCE: *Mold - processing contamination, Fly eggs and/or maggots - post harvest insect infestation*
			Significance:*Aesthetic*Cloves
			Stems
			(MPM-V32)
			Average of 5% or more stems by weightDEFECT SOURCE: *Harvest*
			SIGNIFICANCE: *Aesthetic, economic adulteration*Cocoa Beans
			Mold
			(MPM-V18)
			More than 4% of beans by count are moldyInsect filth
			(MPM-V18)
			More than 4% of beans by count are insect-infested including insect-damagedInsect filth and/or mold
			More than 6% of beans by count are insect-infested or moldy
			NOTE: Level differs when both filth and mold are presentMammalian excreta
			(MPM-V18)
			Average of 10 mg or more mammalian excreta per poundDEFECT SOURCE:*Mold - post harvest infection, Insect infested/damaged - post harvest and/or processing insect infestation, Mammalian excreta - post harvest and/or processing animal contamination*
			Significance:*Aesthetic, Potential health hazard - may contain mycotoxin producing fungi*Cocoa Powder Press Cake
			Insect filth
			(AOAC 965.38)
			Average of 75 or more insect fragments per subsample of 50 grams when 6 subsamples are examined
			OR
			Any 1 subsample contains 125 or more insect fragmentsRodent filth
			(AOAC 965.38)
			Average in 6 or more subsamples is 2 or more rodent hairs per subsample of 50 grams
			OR
			Any 1 subsample contains 4 or more rodent hairsShell
			(AOAC 968.10-970.23)
			2% or more shell calculated on the basis of alkali-free nibs.DEFECT SOURCE: *Insect fragments - post harvest and/or processing insect infestation, Rodent hair - post harvest and/or processing contamination with animal hair or excreta, Shell - processing contamination*
			Significance:*Aesthetic*Coffee Beans, Graded Green
			Grade defects
			(MPM-V6)
			Beans are poorer than Grade 8 of the New York Green Coffee AssociationDEFECT SOURCE: *Quality - processing*
			Significance:*Aesthetic, economic adulteration*Coffee Beans, Green
			Insect filth and insects
			(MPM-V1)
			Average 10% or more by count are insect-infested or insect-damaged
			Note:
			If live external infestation is present use the Compliance Policy Guide (CPG) titled " Food Storage and Warehousing-Adulteration-Filth" (CPG 580.100) in accordance with "Interpretation of Insect Filth" (CPG 555.600)Mold
			(MPM-V1)
			Average of 10% or more beans by count are moldyDEFECT SOURCE: *Insect infested/damaged - preharvest and/or post harvest and/or processing insect infestation, Mold - post harvest and/or processing infection*
			Significance:*Aesthetic, Potential health hazard - mold may contain mycotoxin producing fungi*Condimental Seeds Other than Fennel Seeds and Sesame Seeds
			Mammalian excreta
			(MPM-V32)
			Average of 3 mg or more of mammalian excreta per poundDEFECT SOURCE: *Post harvest and/or processing animal contamination*
			Significance:*Aesthetic*Corn: Sweet Corn, Canned
			Insect larvae
			(AOAC 973.61)
			Insect larvae (corn ear worms, corn borers) 2 or more 3mm or longer larvae, cast skins, larval or cast skin fragments of corn ear worms or corn borer and the aggregate length of such larvae, cast skins, larval or cast skin fragments exceeds 12 mm in 24 pounds (24 No. 303 cans or equivalent)DEFECT SOURCE: *Pre-harvest insect infestation*
			Significance:*Aesthetic*Corn Husks for Tamales
			Insect filth
			(MPM-V115)
			Average of 5 % or more husks by weight are insect-infested (including insect-damaged)Mold
			(MPM-V115)
			Average of 5% or more husks by weight are moldyDEFECT SOURCE: *Insect infested - preharvest and/or processing insect infestation, Mold - preharvest and/or post harvest and/or processing infection*
			Significance:*Aesthetic*Cornmeal
			Insects
			(AOAC 981.19)
			Average of 1 or more whole insects (or equivalent) per 50 gramsInsect filth
			(AOAC 981.19)
			Average of 25 or more insect fragments per 25 gramsRodent filth
			(AOAC 981.19)
			Average of 1 or more rodent hairs per 25 grams
			OR
			Average of 1 or more rodent excreta fragment per 50 gramsDEFECT SOURCE: *Insects and insect fragments - preharvest and/or post harvest and/or processing insect infestation, Rodent hair and excreta fragments - post harvest and/or processing contamination with animal hair or excreta*
			SIGNIFICANCE: *Aesthetic*Cranberry Sauce
			Mold
			(AOAC 970.76)
			Average mold count is more than 15%
			OR
			The mold count of any 1 subsample is more than 50%DEFECT SOURCE: *Pre-harvest and/or post harvest infection*
			Significance:*Aesthetic*Cumin Seed
			Sand and grit
			(AOAC 975.48)
			Average of 9.5% or more ash and/or 1.5% or more acid insoluble ashDEFECT SOURCE: *Harvest contamination*
			Significance:*Aesthetic*Currant Jam, Black
			Mold
			(MPM-V61)
			Average mold count is 75% or moreDEFECT SOURCE: *Post harvest and/or processing infection*
			Significance:*Aesthetic*Currants
			Insect filth
			(MPM-V53)
			5% or more, by count, wormy in the average of the subsamplesDEFECT SOURCE: *Pre-harvest insect infestation*
			Significance:*Aesthetic*Curry Powder
			Insect filth
			(AOAC 975.48)
			Average of 100 or more insect fragments per 25 gramsRodent filth
			(AOAC 975.48)
			Average of 4 or more rodent hairs per 25 gramsDEFECT SOURCE: *Insect fragments - preharvest and/or post harvest and/or processing insect infestation, Rodent hair - post harvest and/or processing contamination with animal hair or excreta*
			Significance:*Aesthetic*Date Material (Chopped, Sliced, (or) Macerated)
			Insects
			(MPM-V53)
			10 or more dead insects (whole or equivalent) in 1 or more subsamples
			OR
			5 or more dead insects (whole or equivalent) per 100 gramsPits
			(MPM-V53)
			2 or more pits and/or pit fragments 2 mm or longer measured in the longest dimension per 900 gramsDEFECT SOURCE: *Insects - preharvest and/or post harvest and/or processing insect infestation, Pits - processing*
			SIGNIFICANCE: *Insects - Aesthetic, Pits - mouth/tooth injury*Dates, Pitted
			Multiple
			(MPM-V53)
			Average of 5% or more dates by count are rejects (moldy, dead insects, insect excreta, sour, dirty, and/or worthless) as determined by macroscopic sequential examinationPits
			(MPM-V53)
			Average of 2 or more pits and/or pit fragments 2 mm or longer in the longest dimension per 100 datesDEFECT SOURCE: *Insects, insect excreta, & mold - preharvest and/or post harvest and/or processing, Sour & worthless - preharvest, Dirt - harvest contamination, Pits - processing*
			Significance:*Insects, insect excreta, mold, sour & worthless, dirt - Aesthetic, Pits - mouth/tooth injury*Dates, Whole
			Multiple
			(MPM-V53)
			Average of 5% or more dates by count are rejects (moldy, dead insects, insect excreta, sour, dirty, and/or worthless) as determined by macroscopic sequential examinationDEFECT SOURCE: *Insects, insect excreta, & mold - preharvest and/or post harvest and/or processing, Sour & worthless - preharvest, Dirt - harvest contamination*
			Significance:*Aesthetic*Eggs and Other Egg Products, Frozen
			Decomposition
			(AOAC 939.14, 940.36, 940.37)
			2 or more cans decomposed and at least 2 subsamples from decomposed cans have direct microscopic counts of 5 million or more bacteria per gramDEFECT SOURCE: *Processing (incubator rejects)*
			Significance:*Economic*Fennel Seed
			Insects
			(MPM-V32)
			20% or more of subsamples contain insectsMammalian excreta
			(MPM-V32)
			20% or more of subsamples contain mammalian excreta
			OR
			average of more than 3 mg of mammalian excreta per poundDEFECT SOURCE: *Insects - preharvest and/or post harvest insect infestation, Excreta - post harvest and/or processing animal contamination*
			SIGNIFICANCE: *Aesthetic*Fig Paste
			Insects
			(AOAC 964.23)
			Contains 13 or more insect heads per 100 grams of fig paste in each of 2 or more subsamplesDEFECT SOURCE: *Pre-harvest and/or post harvest and/or processing insect infestation*
			Significance:*Aesthetic*Figs
			Insect filth and/or mold and/or dirty fruit or pieces of fruit
			(MPM-V53)
			Average of 10% or more by count are insect-infested and/or moldy and/or dirty fruit or pieces of fruitDEFECT SOURCE: *Insect infested - Pre-harvest and/or post harvest infestation, Moldy - preharvest infection. Dirt - harvest contamination*
			Significance:*Aesthetic, Potential health hazard - may contain mycotoxin producing fungi*Tullibees, Ciscoes, Inconnus, Chubs, and Whitefish
			Parasites (cysts)
			(MPM-V28)
			50 parasitic cysts per 100 pounds (whole or fillets), provided that 20% of the fish examined are infestedDEFECT SOURCE:*Pre-harvest infection*
			Significance:*Aesthetic*Blue Fin and other Fresh Water Herring
			Parasites (cysts)
			(MPM-V28)
			60 parasitic cysts per 100 fish (fish averaging 1 pound or less) or 100 pounds of fish averaging over 1 pound), provided that 20% of the fish examined are infestedDEFECT SOURCE: *Pre-harvest infection*
			Significance:*Aesthetic*Red Fish and Ocean Perch
			Parasites (copepods)
			(MPM-V28)
			3 % of the fillets examined contain 1 or more copepods accompanied by pus pocketsDEFECT SOURCE: *Pre-harvest infection*
			Significance:*Aesthetic*Ginger, Whole
			Insect filth and/or mold
			(MPM-V32)
			Average of 3% or more pieces by weight are insect-infested and/or moldyMammalian excreta
			(MPM-V32)
			Average of 3 mg or more of mammalian excreta per poundDEFECT SOURCE: *Insect infestation - post harvest and/or processing, Mold - post harvest and/or processing infection, Mammalian excreta - post harvest and/or processing animal contamination*
			Significance:*Aesthetic, Potential health hazard - may contain mycotoxin producing fungi*Greens, Canned
			Mildew
			(AOAC 967.23)
			Average of 10% or more of leaves, by count or weight, showing mildew over 1/2" in diameterDEFECT SOURCE: *Pre-harvest infection*
			Significance:*Aesthetic*Hops
			Insects
			(AOAC 967.23)
			Average of more than 2,500 aphids per 10 gramsDEFECT SOURCE: *Pre-harvest infestation*
			Significance:*Aesthetic*Macaroni and Noodle Products
			Insect filth
			(AOAC 969.41)
			Average of 225 insect fragments or more per 225 grams in 6 or more subsamplesRodent filth
			(AOAC 969.41)
			Average of 4.5 rodent hairs or more per 225 grams in 6 or more subsamplesDEFECT SOURCE: *Insect fragments - preharvest and/or post harvest and/or processing infestation. Rodent hair - post harvest and/or processing contamination with animal hair or excreta*
			Significance:*Aesthetic*Mace
			Insect filth and/or mold
			(MPM-V32)
			Average of 3% or more pieces by weight are insect-infested and/or moldyMammalian excreta
			(MPM-V32)
			Average of 3 mg or more of mammalian excreta per poundForeign matter
			(MPM-V32)
			Average of 1.5% or more of foreign matter through a 20-mesh sieveDEFECT SOURCE: *Insect infestation - preharvest and/or post harvest and/or processing. Mold - preharvest and/or post harvest infection, Mammalian excreta - post harvest and/or processing animal contamination, Foreign matter - post harvest contamination*
			Significance:*Aesthetic*Marjoram, Whole Plant, Unprocessed
			Insect filth and/or mold
			(MPM-V32)
			Average of 5% or more pieces by weight are insect-infested or moldyMammalian excreta
			(MPM-V32)
			Average of 1 mg or more mammalian excreta per poundDEFECT SOURCE: *Insect infestation - preharvest and/or post harvest and/or processing, Mold - post harvest and/or processing infection, Mammalian excreta - post harvest and/or processing animal contamination*
			Significance:*Aesthetic*Marjoram, Ground
			Insect filth
			(AOAC 975.49)
			Average of 1175 or more insect fragments per 10 gramsRodent filth
			(AOAC 975.49)
			Average of 8 or more rodent hairs per 10 gramsDEFECT SOURCE: *Insect fragments - preharvest and/or post harvest and/or processing insect infestation, Rodent hair - post harvest and/or processing contamination with animal hair or excreta*
			Significance:*Aesthetic*Marjoram, Unground
			Insect filth
			(AOAC 985.39)
			Average of 250 or more insect fragments per 10 gramsRodent filth
			(AOAC 985.39)
			Average of 2 or more rodent hairs per 10 gramsDEFECT SOURCE: *Insect fragments - preharvest and/or post harvest and/or processing insect infestation, Rodent hair - processing contamination with animal hair or excreta*
			Significance:*Aesthetic*Mushrooms, Canned and Dried
			Insects
			(AOAC 967.24)
			Average of over 20 or more maggots of any size per 100 grams of drained mushrooms and proportionate liquid or 15 grams of dried mushrooms
			OR
			Average of 5 or more maggots 2 mm or longer per 100 grams of drained mushrooms and proportionate liquid or 15 grams of dried mushroomsMites
			(AOAC 967.24)
			Average of 75 mites per 100 grams drained mushrooms and proportionate liquid or 15 grams of dried mushroomsDecomposition
			(MPM-V100)
			Average of more than 10% of mushrooms are decomposedDEFECT SOURCE: *Insects - preharvest insect infestation, Mites - preharvest and/or post harvest infestation, Decomposition - preharvest infection*
			Significance:*Aesthetic*Nectars, Apricot, Peach and Pear
			Mold
			Average mold count is 12% or moreDEFECT SOURCE: *Pre-harvest infection*
			Significance:*Aesthetic*Nutmeg, Whole
			Insect filth and/or mold
			(MPM-V41)
			Average of 10% or more pieces by count are insect-infested and/or moldyDEFECT SOURCE: *Insect infestation - preharvest and/or post harvest and/or processing, Mold - preharvest and/or post harvest infection*
			SIGNIFICANCE: *Aesthetic, Potential health hazard - may contain mycotoxin producing fungi*Nutmeg, Ground
			Insect filth
			(AOAC 979.26)
			Average of 100 or more insect fragments per 10 gramsRodent filth
			(AOAC 979.26)
			Average of 1 or more rodent hairs per 10 gramsDEFECT SOURCE: *Insect fragments - post harvest and/or processing insect infestation, Rodent hair - post harvest and/or processing contamination with animal hair or excreta*
			Significance:*Aesthetic*Nuts, Tree
			Multiple Defects
			(MPM-V81)
			Reject nuts (insect-infested, rancid, moldy, gummy, and shriveled or empty shells) as determined by macroscopic examination at or in excess of the following levels:Nut Type
						Unshelled %
						Shelled %Almonds
						5
						5Brazils
						10
						5Cashew
						--
						5Green Chestnuts
						15
						--Baked Chestnuts
						10
						--Dried Chestnuts
						--
						5Filberts
						10
						5Lichee Nuts
						5
						--Pecans
						10
						5Pili Nuts
						15
						10Pistachios
						10
						5Walnuts
						10
						5DEFECT SOURCE: *Insect infested - preharvest and/or post harvest and/or processing, Mold - preharvest and/or post harvest and/or processing infection, Gummy & shriveled - preharvest physiological condition, Rancidity - post harvest*
			Significance:*Aesthetic, Potential health hazard - may contain mycotoxin producing fungi*Pitted olives
			Pits
			(MPM-V67)
			Average of 1.3 percent or more by count of olives with whole pits and/or pit fragments 2 mm or longer measured in the longest dimensionDEFECT SOURCE: *Processing*
			Significance:*Mouth/tooth injury*Imported Green olives
			Insect damage
			(MPM-V67)
			7% or more olives by count showing damage by olive fruit flyDEFECT SOURCE: *Pre-harvest insect infestation*
			Significance:*Aesthetic*Salad olives
			Pits
			(MPM-V67)
			Average of 1.3 or more olives by count of olives with whole pits and/or pit fragments 2 mm or longer measured in the longest dimensionInsect damage
			(MPM-V67)
			9% or more olives by weight showing damage by olive fruit flyDEFECT SOURCE: *Pits - processing, Insect damage - preharvest insect infestation*
			SIGNIFICANCE: *Pits - mouth/tooth injury, Insect damage - Aesthetic*Salt-cured olives
			Insects
			(MPM-V67)
			Average of 10% or more olives by count with 10 or more scale insects eachMold
			(MPM-V67)
			Average of 25% or more olives by count are moldyDEFECT SOURCE: *Scale insects - preharvest infestation, Mold - post harvest and/or processing infection*
			Significance:*Aesthetic*Imported Black olives
			Insect damage
			(MPM-V67)
			10% or more olives by count showing damage by olive fruit flyDEFECT SOURCE: *Pre-harvest insect infestation*
			Significance:*Aesthetic*Oregano, Whole Plant, Unprocessed
			Insect filth and/or mold weight
			(MPM-V32)
			Average of 5% or more insect infested and/or moldy pieces by weightMammalian excreta
			(MPM-V32)
			Average of 1 mg or more mammalian excreta per poundDEFECT SOURCE: *Insect infested - preharvest and/or post harvest and/or processing, Mold - post harvest and/or processing infection, Mammalian excreta - post harvest and/or processing animal contamination*
			Significance:*Aesthetic*Oregano, Ground
			Insect filth
			(AOAC 975.49)
			Average of 1250 or more insect fragments per 10 gramsRodent filth
			(AOAC 975.49)
			Average of 5 or more rodent hairs per 10 gramsDEFECT SOURCE: *Insect fragments - preharvest and/or post harvest and/or processing insect infestation, Rodent hair - post harvest and/or processing contamination with animal hair or excreta*
			Significance:*Aesthetic*Oregano, Crushed
			Insect filth
			(AOAC 969.44)
			Average of 300 or more insect fragments per 10 gramsRodent filth
			(AOAC 969.44)
			Average of 2 or more rodent hairs per 10 gramsDEFECT SOURCE: *Insect fragments - preharvest and/or post harvest and/or processing insect infestation, Rodent hair - post harvest and/or processing contamination with animal hair or excreta*
			Significance:*Aesthetic*Peaches, Canned and Frozen
			Mold/Insect damage
			(MPM-V51)
			Average of 3% or more fruit by count are wormy or moldyInsects
			(MPM-V51)
			In 12 1-pound cans or equivalent, one or more larvae and/or larval fragments whose aggregate length exceeds 5 mmDEFECT SOURCE: *Mold - preharvest and/or post harvest infection, Insect damage - preharvest insect infestation, Larvae - preharvest insect infestation*
			Significance:*Aesthetic*Peanut Butter
			Insect filth
			(AOAC 968.35)
			Average of 30 or more insect fragments per 100 gramsRodent filth
			(AOAC 968.35)
			Average of 1 or more rodent hairs per 100 gramsGrit
			(AOAC 968.35)
			Gritty taste and water insoluble inorganic residue is more than 25 mg per 100 gramsDEFECT SOURCE: *Insect fragments - preharvest and/or post harvest and/or processing insect infestation, Rodent hair - post harvest and/or processing contamination with animal hair or excreta, Grit - harvest contamination*
			Significance:*Aesthetic*Peanuts, Shelled
			Multiple defects
			(MPM-V89)
			Average of 5% or more kernels by count are rejects (insect-infested, moldy, rancid, otherwise decomposed, and dirty)Insects
			(MPM-V89)
			Average of 20 or more whole insects or equivalent in 100-pound bag siftingsDEFECT SOURCE: *Insect infested - post harvest and/or processing infestation, Moldy - preharvest and/or post harvest and/or processing infection, Rancid & decomposed - post harvest abuse, Dirty - harvest contamination.*
			Significance:*Aesthetic, Potential health hazard - may contain mycotoxin producing fungi*Peanuts, Unshelled
			Multiple defects
			(MPM-V89)
			Average of 10% or more peanuts by count are rejects (insect- infested, moldy, rancid, otherwise decomposed, and dirty)DEFECT SOURCE: *Insect infested - post harvest and/or processing infestation, Mold - preharvest and/or post harvest and/or processing infection, Rancid & decomposed - post harvest abuse*
			Significance:*Aesthetic, Potential health hazard - may contain mycotoxin producing fungi*Peas: Black-Eyed, Cowpeas, Field Peas, Dried
			Insect damage
			(MPM-V104)
			Average of 10% or more by count of class 6 damage or higher in minimum of 12 subsamplesDEFECT SOURCE: *Pre-harvest and/or post harvest insect infestation*
			Significance:*Aesthetic*Peas, Black-Eyed Peas, Cowpeas, (Succulent), Canned
			Insect larvae
			(MPM-V104)
			Average of 5 or more cowpea curculio larvae or the equivalent per No. 2 canDEFECT SOURCE: *Pre-harvest and/or post harvest insect infestation*
			Significance:*Aesthetic*Peas and Beans, Dried
			Insect filth
			(MPM-V104)
			Average of 5% or more by count insect-infested and/or insect-damaged by storage insects in a minimum of 12 subsamplesDEFECT SOURCE: *preharvest and/or post harvest and/or processing infestation*
			Significance:*Aesthetic*Pepper, Whole (Black & White)
			Insect filth and/or insect-mold
			(MPM-V39)
			Average of 1% or more pieces by weight are infested and/or moldyMammalian excreta
			(MPM-V39)
			Average of 1 mg or more mammalian excreta per poundForeign matter
			(MPM-V39)
			Average of 1% or more pickings and siftings by weightDEFECT SOURCE: *Insect infested - post harvest and/or processing infestation, Moldy - post harvest and/or processing infection, Mammalian excreta - post harvest and/or processing animal contamination, Foreign material - post harvest contamination*
			Significance:*Aesthetic, Potential health hazard - mammalian excreta may contain salmonella*Pepper, Ground
			Insect filth
			(AOAC 972.40)
			Average of 475 or more insect fragments per 50 gramsRodent filth
			(AOAC 972.40)
			Average of 2 or more rodent hairs per 50 gramsDEFECT SOURCE: *Insect fragments - post harvest and/or processing insect infestation, Rodent hair - post harvest and/or processing contamination with animal hair or excreta*
			Significance:*Aesthetic*Pineapple, Canned
			Mold
			(AOAC 970.75, MPM-V73)
			Average mold count is 20% or more
			OR
			The mold count of any 1 subsample is 60% or moreDEFECT SOURCE: *Processing mold contamination*
			Significance:*Aesthetic*Pineapple Juice
			Mold
			(AOAC 970.75)
			Average mold count is 15% or more
			OR
			The mold count of any 1 subsample is 40% or moreDEFECT SOURCE: *Processing mold contamination*
			Significance:*Aesthetic*Plums, Canned
			Rot
			(MPM-V51)
			Average of 5% or more plums by count with rot spots larger than the area of a circle 12 mm in diameterDEFECT SOURCE: *Pre-harvest and/or post harvest infection*
			Significance:*Aesthetic*Popcorn
			Rodent filth
			(AOAC 950.91)
			1 or more rodent excreta pellets are found in 1 or more subsamples, and 1 or more rodent hairs are found in 2 or more other subsamples
			OR
			2 or more rodent hairs per pound and rodent hair is found in 50% or more of the subsamples
			OR
			20 or more gnawed grains per pound and rodent hair is found in 50% or more of the subsamplesField corn
			5% or more by weight of field cornDEFECT SOURCE: *Rodent excreta - post harvest and/or processing animal contamination, Rodent hair - post harvest and/or processing contamination with animal hair or excreta, Rodent gnawing - post harvest and/or processing damage, Field corn - harvest contamination*
			Significance:*Aesthetic*Potato Chips
			Rot
			(MPM-V113)
			Average of 6% or more pieces by weight contain rotDEFECT SOURCE: *Pre-harvest and/or post harvest infection*
			Significance:*Aesthetic*Prunes Dried and Dehydrated, Low-Moisture
			Multiple defects
			(MPM-V53)
			Average of a minimum of 10 subsamples is 5% or more prunes by count are rejects (insect-infested, moldy or decomposed, dirty, and/or otherwise unfit )DEFECT SOURCE: *Insect infested - preharvest infestation, Moldy & decomposed - preharvest infection, Dirty - harvest contamination, Otherwise unfit - preharvest condition*
			Significance:*Aesthetic*Prunes, Pitted
			Pits
			(MPM-V53)
			Average of 2% or more by count with whole pits and/or pit fragments 2 mm or longer and 4 or more of 10 subsamples of pitted prunes have 2% or more by count with whole pits and/or pit fragments 2 mm or longerDEFECT SOURCE: *Processing*
			Significance:*Mouth/tooth injury*Puree, Apricot, Peach and Pear
			Mold
			(AOAC 982.33)
			Average mold count is 12% or moreDEFECT SOURCE: *preharvest and/or post harvest and/or processing infection*
			Significance:*Aesthetic*Raisins, Natural & Golden
			Mold
			(MPM-V76)
			Average of 10 subsamples is 5% or more, by count, moldy raisinsSand and Grit
			(MPM-V76)
			Average of 40 mg or more of sand and grit per 100 grams of natural or golden bleached raisinsDEFECT SOURCE: *Mold - post harvest and/or processing infection, Sand - post harvest contamination*
			Significance:*Aesthetic*Raisins, Golden
			Insects and insect eggs
			(AOAC 969.42 & MPM-V76)
			10 or more whole or equivalent insects and 35 Drosophila eggs per 8 oz.DEFECT SOURCE: *Post harvest and/or processing infestation*
			Significance:*Aesthetic*Sage, Whole Plant, Unprocessed
			Insect filth
			(MPM-V32)
			Average of 5% or more pieces by weight are insect infestedMammalian excreta
			(MPM-V32)
			Average of 1 mg or more per pound after processingDEFECT SOURCE: *Insect infested - preharvest and/or post harvest and/or processing infestation, Mammalian excreta - post harvest and/or processing animal contamination*
			Significance:*Aesthetic*Sage, Ground
			Insect filth
			(AOAC 985.38)
			Average of 200 or more insect fragments per 10 gramsRodent filth
			(AOAC 985.38)
			Average of 9 or more rodent hairs per 10 gramsDEFECT SOURCE: *Insect fragments - preharvest and/or post harvest and/or processing infestation, Rodent hair - post harvest and/or processing contamination with animal hair or excreta*
			Significance:*Aesthetic*Sauerkraut
			Insects
			(AOAC 955.45)
			Average of more than 50 thrips per 100 gramsDEFECT SOURCE: *Pre-harvest insect infestation*
			Significance:*Aesthetic*Sesame Seeds
			Insect filth
			(MPM-V32)
			Average of 5% or more seeds by weight are insect-infested or damagedMold
			(MPM-V32)
			Average of 5% or more seeds by weight are decomposedMammalian excreta
			(MPM-V32)
			Average of 5 mg or more mammalian excreta per foundForeign matter
			(MPM-V32)
			Average of 0.5% or more foreign matter by weightDEFECT SOURCE: *Insect infested - preharvest and/or post harvest and/or processing infestation, Mold - preharvest infection, Mammalian excreta - post harvest and/or processing animal contamination, Foreign matter - post processing and/or processing contamination*
			Significance:*Aesthetic*Spices, Leafy, Other Than Bay Leaves
			Insect filth and/or mold
			(MPM-V32)
			Average of 5% or more pieces by weight are insect-infested and/or moldyMammalian excreta
			(MPM-V32)
			Average of 1 mg or more of Mammalian excreta per pound after processingDEFECT SOURCE: *Insect infested - preharvest and/or post harvest and/or processing infestation, Mold - preharvest and/or post harvest and/or processing infection, Mammalian excreta - post harvest and/or processing animal contamination*
			Significance:*Aesthetic*Spinach, Canned or Frozen
			Insects and mites
			(AOAC 974.33)
			Average of 50 or more aphids, thrips and/or mites per 100 grams
			OR
			2 or more 3 mm or longer larvae and/or larval fragments or spinach worms (caterpillars) whose aggregate length exceeds 12 mm are present in 24 pounds
			OR
			Leaf miners of any size average 8 or more per 100 grams or leaf miners 3 mm or longer average 4 or more per 100 gramsDEFECT SOURCE: *Pre-harvest infestation*
			Significance:*Aesthetic*Strawberries: Frozen Whole or Sliced
			Mold
			(AOAC 952.22)
			Average mold count of 45% or more and mold count of at least half of the subsamples is 55% or moreGrit
			Berries taste grittyDEFECT SOURCE: *Mold - post harvest and/or processing infection, Grit - harvest contamination*
			Significance:*Aesthetic*Thyme, Whole Ploant, Unprocessed
			Insect filth
			(MPM-V32)
			Average of 5% or more pieces by weight are insect infested and/or moldyMammalian excreta
			(MPM-V32)
			Average of 1 mg or more mammalian excreta per pound after processingDEFECT SOURCE: *Insect infested - preharvest and/or post harvest and/or processing infestation, Mold - preharvest and/or post harvest and/or processing infection, Mammalian excreta - post harvest and/or processing animal contamination*
			Significance:*Aesthetic*Thyme, Ground
			Insect filth
			(AOAC 975.49)
			Average of 925 or more insect fragments per 10 gramsRodent filth
			(AOAC 975.49)
			Average of 2 or more rodent hairs per 10 gramsDEFECT SOURCE: *Insect fragments - preharvest and/or post harvest and/or processing infestation Rodent hair - post harvest and/or processing contamination with animal hair or excreta*
			Significance:*Aesthetic*Thyme, Unground, Processed
			Insect filth
			(AOAC 975.49)
			Average of 325 insect fragments or more per 10 gramsRodent filth
			(AOAC 975.49)
			Average of 2 rodent hairs or more per 10 gramsDEFECT SOURCE: *Insect fragments - preharvest and/or post harvest and/or processing insect infestation, Rodent hair - post harvest and/or processing contamination with animal hair or excreta*
			Significance:*Aesthetic*Tomatoes, Canned
			Drosophila fly
			(AOAC 955.46)
			Average of 10 or more fly eggs per 500 grams
			OR
			5 or more fly eggs and 1 or more maggots per 500 grams
			OR
			2 or more maggots per 500 gramsDEFECT SOURCE: *Pre-harvest and/or post harvest and/or processing insect infestation*
			Significance:*Aesthetic*Tomatoes, Canned, with (or) without Juice (Based on Drained Juice)
			Mold
			(AOAC 945.90)
			Average mold count in 6 subsamples is 15% or more and the counts of all of the subsamples are more than 12%DEFECT SOURCE: *Pre-harvest and/or post harvest and/or processing infection*
			Significance:*Aesthetic*Tomatoes, Canned Packed in Tomato Puree (Based on Drained Liquid)
			Mold
			(AOAC 945.90)
			Average mold count in 6 subsamples is 29% or more and the counts of all of the subsamples are more than 25%DEFECT SOURCE: *Pre-harvest and/or post harvest and/or processing infection*
			Significance:*Aesthetic*Tomato Juice
			Drosophila fly
			(AOAC 955.46)
			Average of 10 or more fly eggs per 100 grams
			OR
			5 or more fly eggs and 1 or more maggots per 100 grams
			OR
			2 or more maggots per 100 grams, in a minimum of 12 subsamplesMold
			(AOAC 965.41)
			Average mold count in 6 subsamples is 24% or more and the counts of all of the subsamples are more than 20%DEFECT SOURCE: *Fly eggs & maggots - preharvest and/or post harvest and/or processing insect infestation, Mold - preharvest and/or post harvest and/or processing infection*
			Significance:*Aesthetic*Tomato Paste, Pizza and other Sauces
			Drosophila fly
			(AOAC 955.46)
			Average of 30 or more fly eggs per 100 grams
			OR
			15 or more fly eggs and 1 or more maggots per 100 grams
			OR
			2 or more maggots per 100 grams in a minimum of 12 subsamplesDEFECT SOURCE: *Pre-harvest and/or post harvest and/or processing insect infestation*
			Significance:*Aesthetic*Tomato Puree
			Drosophila fly
			(AOAC 955.46)
			Average of 20 or more fly eggs per 100 grams
			OR
			10 or more fly eggs and 1 or more maggots per 100 grams
			OR
			2 or more maggots per 100 grams in a minimum of 12 subsamplesDEFECT SOURCE: *Pre-harvest and/or post harvest and/or processing insect infestation*
			Significance:*Aesthetic*Tomato Paste (or) Puree
			Mold
			(AOAC 965.41 ******)
			Average mold count in 6 subsamples is 45% or more and the mold counts of all of the subsamples are more than 40%DEFECT SOURCE: *Pre-harvest and/or post harvest and/or processing infection*
			Significance:*Aesthetic*Pizza and Other Tomato Sauces
			Mold
			(AOAC 945.92)
			Average mold count in 6 subsamples is 34% or more and the counts of all of the subsamples are more than 30%DEFECT SOURCE: *Pre-harvest and/or post harvest and/or processing infection*
			SIGNIFICANCE:*Aesthetic*Tomato Sauce, Undiluted
			Mold
			(AOAC 965.41)
			Average mold count in 6 subsamples is 45% or more and the mold counts of all of the subsamples are more than 40%DEFECT SOURCE: *Pre-harvest and/or post harvest and/or processing infection*
			SIGNIFICANCE:*Aesthetic*Tomato Catsup
			Mold
			(AOAC 965.41)
			Average mold count in 6 subsamples is 55% or moreDEFECT SOURCE: *Pre-harvest and/or post harvest and/or processing infection*
			SIGNIFICANCE:*Aesthetic*Tomato Powder, Except Spray-Dried
			Mold
			(AOAC 972.42)
			Average mold count in 6 subsamples is 45% or more and the mold counts of all of the subsamples are mold than 40%DEFECT SOURCE: *Pre-harvest and/or post harvest and /or processing infection*
			SIGNIFICANCE:*Aesthetic*Tomato Powder, Spray-Dried
			Mold
			(AOAC 972.42)
			Average mold count in 6 subsamples is 67% or moreDEFECT SOURCE: *Pre-harvest and/or post harvest and/or processing infection*
			SIGNIFICANCE:*Aesthetic*Tomato Soup and Tomato Prouducts
			Mold
			(AOAC 945.91)
			Average mold count in 6 subsamples is 45% or more and the mold counts of all of the subsamples are more than 40%DEFECT SOURCE: *Pre-harvest and/or post harvest and/or processing infection*
			Significance:*Aesthetic*Wheat
			Insect damage
			(MPM-V15)
			Average of 32 or more insect-damaged kernels per 100 gramsRodent filth
			(MPM-V15)
			Average of 9 mg or more rodent excreta pellets and/or pellet fragments per kilogramDEFECT SOURCE: *Insect damage - preharvest and/or post harvest and/or processing infestation, Excreta - post harvest and/or processing animal contamination.*
			Significance:*Aesthetic*Wheat Flour
			Insect filth
			(AOAC 972.32)
			Average of 75 or more insect fragments per 50 gramsRodent filth
			(AOAC 972.32)
			Average of 1 or more rodent hairs per 50 gramsDEFECT SOURCE: *Insect fragments - preharvest and/or post harvest and/or processing insect infestation, Rodent hair - post harvest and/or processing contamination with animal hair or excreta.*
			SIGNIFICANCE: *Aesthetic*

May 1995; Revised March 1997 and May 1998;*February 2005 - Source corrected from MPM-V92 to MPM-V32**February 2005 - Source corrected from 955.46 to 965.41

Related Information

Sanitation & Transportation Guidance Documents & Regulatory Information

                                                                                  Content current as of:
      09/07/2018
              
              
Regulated Product(s)
		 Food & BeveragesTopic(s)
			  SanitationIngredients, Additives, GRAS & Packaging Guidance Documents & Regulatory Information

          
                        Food and Color Additives Final Rules
 
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