III 

117TH CONGRESS 

1ST SESSION S. RES. 36 

Reaffirming the strategic partnership between the United States and Mongolia 

and recognizing the 30th anniversary of democracy in Mongolia. 

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES 

FEBRUARY 8, 2021 

Mr. SULLIVAN (for himself and Mr. CARDIN) submitted the following 

resolution; which was referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations 

RESOLUTION 

Reaffirming the strategic partnership between the United 

States and Mongolia and recognizing the 30th anniversary of democracy in Mongolia. 

Whereas the United States and Mongolia established diplomatic relations in January 1987, and since that time the 

relationship has grown stronger based on shared strategic 

interests, security cooperation, democratic values, good 

governance, and respect for human rights; 

Whereas, since its peaceful democratic revolution in 1989, 

through a series of initiatives, Mongolia has charted a 

successful path to multiparty democracy and a free market economy; 

Whereas, in 1990, the Government of Mongolia declared an 

end to a one-party and authoritarian political system and 

adopted democratic and free market reforms; 


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Whereas, in 1992, Mongolia adopted a constitution establishing a democracy, becoming the first country in Asia 

to transition from communism to democracy; 

Whereas Mongolia has shown its commitment to a ‘‘third 

neighbor’’ relationship with the United States by sending 

troops to support United States operations in Iraq from 

2003 through 2008 and Afghanistan since 2009, and 

Mongolia has a strong record of troop contributions to 

international peacekeeping missions; 

Whereas successive Mongolian governments have taken notable steps to strengthen civil society, battle corruption, 

and spur economic development; 

Whereas the Parliament of Mongolia, the State Great 

Khural, has engaged with Congress, including through 

the House Democracy Partnership, thereby promoting responsive and effective governance through peer-to-peer 

cooperation; 

Whereas Mongolia began as a partner to the Organization for 

Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) in 2004, 

graduated to become a participating state in 2012, and 

participates actively in the work of the OSCE for stability, peace, and democracy; 

Whereas Mongolia has regularly invited the OSCE and other 

organizations to send monitoring teams for its presidential and parliamentary elections; 

Whereas Mongolia has also been an active member of the 

Community of Democracies (CoD), a global coalition of 

states that support adherence to common democratic values and standards, and Mongolia has not only remained 

active since the founding of the CoD in 2000, but successfully chaired the CoD from 2011 through 2013; 


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Whereas, in addition to supporting the OSCE and the CoD, 

Mongolia supports democratic initiatives while participating in a wide range of other global institutions; 

Whereas, most recently, on June 24, 2020, Mongolia successfully organized parliamentary elections, strengthening its 

commitment to democracy and the rule of law; 

Whereas the success of Mongolia as a democracy and its strategic location, sovereignty, territorial integrity, and ability to pursue an independent foreign policy are important 

to the national security of the United States; 

Whereas the United States has provided support to Mongolia 

through the Millennium Challenge Corporation through 

an initial compact signed in 2007 designed to increase 

economic growth and reduce poverty and a second compact signed in 2018 involving investments in water infrastructure, including supply and wastewater recycling, as 

well as water sector sustainability; 

Whereas, on September 20, 2018, the United States and 

Mongolia released a joint statement and the ‘‘Roadmap 

for Expanded Economic Partnership between the United 

States and Mongolia,’’ outlining the intent to deepen the 

bilateral commercial relationship, including through full 

implementation of the obligations under the Agreement 

on Transparency in Matters Related to International 

Trade and Investment between the United States of 

America and Mongolia, signed at New York September 

24, 2013 (in this preamble referred to as the ‘‘United 

States-Mongolia Transparency Agreement’’), and collaboration in supporting Mongolian small- and medium-sized 

enterprises through various programs and projects; 


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Whereas, according to the Bureau of the Census, trade between the United States and Mongolia is modest but 

growing, with total trade in 2019 between the two countries of approximately $217,400,000, including 

$192,800,000 in United States exports to Mongolia and 

$24,600,000 in United States imports from Mongolia; 

Whereas Mongolia is a beneficiary country under the Generalized System of Preferences program, but its use of the 

program remains low, as, in 2018, only $3,200,000 of exports from Mongolia to the United States were under the 

program; and 

Whereas, on July 31, 2019, the United States and Mongolia 

declared the bilateral relationship a Strategic Partnership 

and noted the shared desire— 

(1) to intensify cooperation as strong democracies 

based on the rule of law through safeguarding and promoting democratic values and human rights, including 

the freedoms of religion or belief, expression, including 

internet and media freedom, assembly, and association, 

anticorruption and fiscal transparency, and youth and 

emerging leader development; 

(2) to cooperate in promoting national security and 

stability across the Indo-Pacific region so that all countries, secure in their sovereignty, are able to pursue economic growth consistent with international law and principles of fair competition; 

(3) to deepen national security and law-enforcement 

ties through collaboration on bilateral and multilateral security, judicial, and law-enforcement efforts in the region; 

(4) to strengthen cooperation in multilateral engagements such as peacekeeping, humanitarian assistance, 

and disaster preparedness and relief operations; 


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(5) to expand trade and investment relations on a 

fair and reciprocal basis, support private sector-led 

growth, fully implement the United States-Mongolia 

Transparency Agreement, promote women’s entrepreneurship, and continue to explore support for infrastructure under the new United States International Development Finance Corporation with the new tools provided 

under the BUILD Act of 2018 (22 U.S.C. 9601 et seq.); 

(6) to strengthen border security, prevent illegal 

transshipment and trafficking, expand cooperation on 

civil aviation safety and oversight, and efficiently facilitate legitimate travel between Mongolia and the United 

States; 

(7) to increase cooperation in addressing 

transnational threats such as terrorism, human trafficking, drug trafficking, the proliferation of weapons of 

mass destruction, cyberattacks, transnational organized 

crime, pandemics, and other emerging nontraditional security threats; 

(8) to continue to develop an environment in which 

civil society, social media, and a free and independent 

media can flourish; and 

(9) to maintain high-level official dialogues, encourage bilateral exchanges at all levels of government, and 

further develop people-to-people exchanges to deepen engagement on issues of mutual interest and concern: Now, 

therefore, be it 

1 Resolved, That the Senate— 

2 (1) recognizes the importance of the relation3 ship between the United States and Mongolia and 


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1 remains committed to advancing this Strategic Part2 nership in the future; 

3 (2) emphasizes the importance of free and fair 

4 elections in Mongolia; 

5 (3) applauds the continued engagement of Mon6 golia in the Organization for Security and Co-oper7 ation in Europe, the Community of Democracies, 

8 congressional-parliamentary partnerships, including 

9 continued high-level parliamentary exchange, and 

10 other institutions that promote democratic values, 

11 which reinforces the commitment of the people and 

12 the Government of Mongolia to those values and 

13 standards; 

14 (4) encourages the United States Government 

15 to help Mongolia use its benefits under the General16 ized System of Preferences program and other rel17 evant programs to increase trade between the United 

18 States and Mongolia; 

19 (5) urges the United States International De20 velopment Finance Corporation to expand activities 

21 in Mongolia to support economic development, diver22 sification of the economy of Mongolia, and women23 owned small- and medium-sized enterprises; 

24 (6) urges private and public support to help di25 versify the economy of Mongolia through increased 


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1 cooperation and investments, as well as infrastruc2 ture and other vital projects; 

3 (7) urges the Department of State, the United 

4 States Agency for International Development, and 

5 other relevant agencies to continue to support Mon6 golia’s democratic and economic development and ef7 forts on anticorruption; 

8 (8) reaffirms the importance of civil society to 

9 the continued democratic development of Mongolia; 

10 (9) encourages the Government of Mongolia to 

11 build a regulatory system that supports and encour12 ages the growth and operation of independent non13 governmental organizations and continues to pursue 

14 policies of transparency that uphold democratic val15 ues; and 

16 (10) encourages the Government of Mongolia to 

17 continue legal reform, institutional capacity building, 

18 and to improve the independence of other democratic 

19 institutions. 

Æ 


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