|   | 2. | Based      on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statements of a      material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the      statements made, in the light of the circumstances under which such      statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by      this report; |
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|   | 3. | Based      on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information      included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the      financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the small      business issuer as of, and for, the periods presented in this      report; |
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|   | 4. | The      small business issuer’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible      for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as      defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal      control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules      13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the small business issuer and      have: |
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| (c)   | Designed      such disclosure controls and procedures, or cause such disclosure controls      and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that      material information relating to the small business issuer, including its      consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those      entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being      prepared; |
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| (d)   | Designed      such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal      control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to      provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial      reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external      purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting      principles; |
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| (e)   | Evaluated      the effectiveness of the small business issuer’s disclosure controls and      procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the      effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as the end of the      period covered by this report based on such evaluation;  and |
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| (f)   | Disclosed      in this report any changes in the small business issuer’s internal control      over financial reporting that occurred during the small business issuer’s      most recent fiscal quarter (the small business issuer’s forth fiscal      quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or      is reasonably likely to materially affect, the small business issuer’s      internal control over the financial reporting;  and |
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|   | 5 | The      small business issuer’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed,      based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financing      reporting, to the small business issuer’s auditors and the audit committee      of the small business issuer’s board of directors (or persons performing      the equivalent functions): |
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| (g)   | All      significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or      operation of internal control over financial reporting which are      reasonably likely to adversely affect the small business issuer’s ability      to record, process, summarize and report financial information;      and |
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| (h)   | Any      fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other      employees who have a significant role in the small business issuer’s      internal control over financialreporting. |
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