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          Veterinary Laboratory Investigation and Response Network


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          Veterinary Laboratory Investigation and Response NetworkScience & Research Veterinary Laboratory Investigation and Response Network
  
  	
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    Print**Interactive Map of Vet-LIRN Laboratories**



Our Mission
	We Respond to Animal Illnesses Potentially Caused by Foods or Drugs
	Resources for Animal Owners and Veterinarians
	Fiscal Year 2022 Highlights
	Tracking Antimicrobial Resistance in Bacteria from Sick Animals
	Promoting Antimicrobial Stewardship
	Vet-LIRN Laboratory Funding
	Ensuring Accurate Results
	Veterinary Student Opportunities
	Veterinarians, Want to Learn More?
	Preparing for and Responding to Emergencies
	COVID-19 Response
	Network Laboratory Methods
	PublicationsOur Mission

To advance the CVM mission of protecting human and animal health by coordinating a network of veterinary diagnostic laboratories.

Contact Vet-LIRN: vet-lirn@fda.hhs.gov.

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We Respond to Animal Illnesses Potentially Caused by Foods or Drugs

Is your animal sick? Do you think it was the food? Or a drug?

Submit a Complaint





**Figure 1. What Happens During a Consumer Complaint Response?**

A flow chart showing the process of consumer complaint follow-up. If a consumer has a sick animal and suspects the food or drug, they can submit a complaint to FDA. CVM reviews the complaint and has three possible actions: initiative regulatory action, monitor for similar complaints, or forward to Vet-LIRN. Vet-LIRN requests animal medical records and conducts owner interviews. They also test animal samples at laboratories to determine how likely the food or drug was to cause an illness.

We respond to potential animal food issues, including performing non-regulatory testing (Figure 1).
We are an important part of the food safety team at CVM.

Learn more about some of our cases:

*Clostridium botulinum* in Alfalfa Cubes
	Campylobacter Outbreak in Puppies
	Aflatoxin Recall
	Pig Ear Outbreak
	Dilated Cardiomyopathy in Some Cases of Pet Heart Disease
	The Melamine Story
	Jerky Pet TreatsBack to the top

Resources for Animal Owners and Veterinarians

Safety Reporting Portal
	How to Report a Pet Food Complaint
	Reporting Problems with Horse or other Livestock Feed/Food
	Information for Veterinarians on Reporting Suspected Animal Food Issues
	Vet-LIRN Network Procedures for Veterinarians
	Vet-LIRN Network Procedures for Owners (En Español)
	Vet-LIRN Network Procedures for Laboratories
	Vet-LIRN SARS-CoV-2 Supplemental Necropsy Sample Inventory Checklist
	Pet Food Safety (CDC)Back to the top

Fiscal Year 2022 Highlights

For more information, visit Vet-LIRN FY 2022 Accomplishment Highlights.

Tracking Antimicrobial Resistance in Bacteria from Sick Animals

Why track resistance in bacteria?

Antimicrobial resistance is an important public health issue because if bacteria become antibiotic-resistant, many infections will be more difficult to treat. In March of 2015, The first National Action Plan for Combating Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria (CARB) was released to guide the government, public heath, healthcare, and veterinary partners in addressing antimicrobial resistance. In 2020, the second CARB plan was released. The new plan builds on the plan released in 2015 and presents coordinated, strategic actions that the United States Government will take in 2020-2025 by expanding evidence-based activities that have been shown to reduce antibiotic resistance. It also aligns with CVM’s goals to enhance monitoring of animal pathogen antimicrobial resistance as a part of the CVM’s action plan to support antimicrobial stewardship in veterinary settings. As part of this plan, Vet-LIRN was tasked to develop, expand, and maintain antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) testing of veterinary pathogens isolated at veterinary diagnostic laboratories. To successfully monitor the antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial pathogens, it is vital that veterinary diagnostic laboratories be incorporated into the nation’s other AMR monitoring activities. Vet-LIRN is committed to being a partner in this effort.

Vet-LIRN Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring Program Background and Progress

During 2017-2018, Vet-LIRN coordinated a two-year pilot project to evaluate the feasibility of using Vet-LIRN veterinary diagnostic laboratories to monitor the antimicrobial susceptibility of three veterinary pathogens: *Escherichia coli* and *Staphylococcus pseudintermedius* in dogs and *Salmonella enterica* in any animal host. Twenty Vet-LIRN Source diagnostic laboratories collected isolates and tested their antimicrobial susceptibility using Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) methods. Approximately 5,000 isolates from clinically sick animals were collected and tested. WGS laboratories sequenced a subset of the isolates submitted by their Source labs and uploaded all sequences to National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) through the GenomeTrakr program (Figure 2). Additional information about the pathogen (the organ it came from, the animal species, which part of the country) was reported. A publication summarizing the 2017 findings is available.
	In 2018-2019 additional labs began collecting and sequencing isolates. As of 2022, there are 30 Source laboratories collecting isolates (25 labs in U.S., and 5 labs in Canada) and six laboratories sequencing the isolates (Figure 3).
	As of January 2023, Vet-LIRN Source labs collected AST data for more than 20,000 animal pathogen isolates and more than 7,000 isolates were sequenced.
	The data provides a snapshot of the susceptibility of pathogens being cultured at referral veterinary laboratories.
	Sequencing data are released in real-time as whole-genome sequencing is conducted. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing data associated with these isolates are also publicly available.
	Vet-LIRN partners with the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS) to make the data public (2018 AMR data, 2019 AMR data). This animal pathogen data is reported in conjunction with the National Animal Health Laboratory Network (NAHLN).**Figure 2. Vet-LIRN AMR Monitoring: General Plan**

The Source labs collect animal isolates of Salmonella, E. coli,  Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, and others. The labs then perform antimicrobial susceptibility testing and generate a standardized lab report of the results. Isolates are sent from the source labs to the Whole Genome Sequencing labs for sequencing. After the isolate is sequenced, the data is submitted to the National Center for Biotechnology Information for public sharing.

**Figure 3: Geographic distribution and organization of Vet-LIRN WGS and Source laboratories (2022)**

Map of the United States showing 6 sequencing labs (5 in US and 1 in Canada) and thirty source laboratories (25 in US and 5 in Canada). Almost all states are represented as either a source and/or sequencing lab.

Legend: Thirty Source laboratories (25 in the U.S. and 5 in Canada) (squares) are collecting isolates. Six WGS labs (triangles) each have 5 collaborating source labs each and sequence a subset of the isolates submitted by their source labs. Remaining Vet-LIRN laboratories not participating in the project are shown with circles.

Promoting Antimicrobial Stewardship

Along with tracking antimicrobial resistance, Vet-LIRN is working to promote antimicrobial stewardship in veterinary medicine. As described above, antimicrobial resistance is an important public health issue and use of antimicrobial drugs can contribute to the development of antimicrobial resistant bacteria. Antimicrobial stewardship involves using antimicrobials appropriately and only when necessary.

Vet-LIRN supports antimicrobial stewardship efforts by providing funding to veterinary colleges across the United States to work on several projects including:

creating collaborative websites with antimicrobial resistance resources,
	generating veterinary hospital stewardship plans,
	developing educational materials for veterinary health professionals (including veterinarians, veterinary diagnostic laboratories, and veterinary students), and
	developing educational materials for animal owners and producers.These materials consist of website content, fliers, videos, online course modules, and other formats to encourage education and appropriate use of antimicrobials.

Examples of Stewardship Educational Materials

Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) - WebsiteAntibiotic Resistant Bacteria in Companion Animals - Fliers

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Vet-LIRN Laboratory Funding

Vet-LIRN Cooperative Agreements facilitate participation in Vet-LIRN activities such as consumer complaint response, emergency exercises, proficiency tests, and laboratory accreditation. The agreements also increase the agency’s capability to analyze an increased number of samples in the event of animal food- or drug-related illnesses or other large-scale emergency events that require increased testing of implicated diagnostic or animal food samples. Cooperative agreements allow network laboratories to request additional funds if they are participating in a specific Vet-LIRN project, such as the Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Project or if they are conducting whole-genome sequencing (WGS) work, or if their caseload is particularly heavy. Additional funds may also be provided to respond to emerging diseases such as COVID-19.

Cooperative AgreementsBack to the top

Ensuring Accurate Results

A scientist is pipetting liquid into a test tube.

Vet-LIRN collaborates with the FDA’s Center for Food Safety and Nutrition (CFSAN) Division of Food Processing Science and Technology (Moffett Center) and the Institute for Food Safety and Health, Illinois Institute of Technology to conduct Proficiency Tests (PTs) and Interlaboratory Comparison Exercises (ICEs) to ensure FDA receives accurate test results from our network laboratories. Samples are sent to the laboratories and test results are submitted to Vet-LIRN. After data is evaluated, final reports are provided to the laboratories.

Recent Proficiency Tests and Inter-Laboratory Comparison Exercises

Detecting SARS-COV-2
	Timely to support veterinary diagnostic laboratories’ ability to evaluate the accuracy of their current testing methods.
	Why is this important?
		From House Cats to Big Cats: How FDA Evaluated Methods for Detecting SARS-CoV-2 in Animals
		First Reported Cases of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Companion Animals — New York, March–April 2020
		Pet Safety related to SARS-CoV-2 in Animals in the United States
		Evaluation for SARS-CoV-2 Testing in Animals
		Confirmed Cases of SARS-CoV-2 in Animals in the United States
	Detecting *Salmonella*in bovine intestinal scrapings
	Why is this important? Laboratories received training and incorporated a new network method into their capabilities.
		*Salmonella*detection with spin column extraction and 7500-FAST enrichment PCR (protocols.io)
		*Salmonella*detection with spin column extraction and 7500-FAST enrichment PCR (protocols.io)
	Detecting Melamine and Cyanuric Acid in animal tissue
	Why is this important? Ensure that network laboratories are prepared and ready to respond to potential adverse events.
	Detecting Aflatoxin in animal tissue
	Why is this important? It evaluates network laboratories’ ability to identify the cause of an illness and act to rule out potential issues with animal foods or drugs.Back to the top

Veterinary Student Opportunities

Veterinarians are valuable partners in CVM’s mission to promote animal health. Vet-LIRN is committed to building relationships with the next generation of veterinary professionals. Veterinary students can apply for an externship through the FDA Veterinary Clerkship Program to train alongside Vet-LIRN team members. Students will learn more about CVM’s mission and be introduced to the many different roles that veterinarians play within the Center.

Additionally, Vet-LIRN can present virtual lectures to veterinary schools in order to increase awareness among future veterinarians of CVM’s mission and consumer complaint reporting. Please email Vet-LIRN@fda.hhs.gov if you are interested in a presentation to your institution.

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Veterinarians, Want to Learn More?

Vet-LIRN educates veterinarians about how to identify and report suspected animal food issues via webinars and case studies. Vet-LIRN speaks at various conferences and to veterinary interest groups. Please email Vet-LIRN@fda.hhs.gov if you would like Vet-LIRN to speak to your organization.

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Preparing for and Responding to Emergencies

Vet-LIRN participates in simulated incidents (exercises) and evaluation of emergency preparedness and response activities. Such activities strengthen Vet-LIRN’s ability to establish and initiate strategies to coordinate the roles and responsibilities of veterinary diagnostics laboratories in real-world emergency events. Knowing the network laboratory capabilities and having routine interactions and exercises with the laboratories is key to any emergency preparedness and response. Vet-LIRN routinely communicates with the following laboratory networks and programs to harmonize and leverage activities and participate in an integrated response to national emergencies:

Integrated Consortium of Laboratory Networks (ICLN)
	National Animal Health Laboratory Network (NAHLN)
	The Food Emergency Response Network (FERN)Back to the top

COVID-19 Response

Vet-LIRN is very active in supporting capacity and emergency response related to COVID-19. See publications associated with some of these activities in the publications section.

Vet-LIRN offered three Inter-Laboratory Comparison Exercises (ICE) to evaluate SARS-CoV-2 detection assays at veterinary diagnostic laboratories. The exercises were performed in collaboration with academia, private industry, and government partner laboratories including the USDA’s National Animal Health Laboratory Network (NAHLN), FDA/CFSAN’s Moffett Center Proficiency Test Campus, Cornell University, United States Geological Survey (USGS), and the ICLN. 
	**ICE1:** Veterinary diagnostic laboratories developed tests for SARS-CoV-2 in animals in spring 2020. These methods were initially evaluated only in the originating laboratories. The Round 1 ICE allowed laboratories to evaluate their individual assays in comparison to assays run by other laboratories. Private commercial laboratories also participated. In August 2020, the Moffett Center shipped samples to over 40 participating laboratories. Sample preparation and analysis of results were completed following ISO Guidelines 13528, 16140, and 17043. Results showed that for RNA in buffer, 100% of samples were detected, and for samples requiring extraction, PCR methods provided almost perfect results.
		**ICE 2:**The round 2 ICE was conducted in June 2021 and included SARS-CoV-2 and non-SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus samples at various concentrations to evaluate sensitivity and specificity of participants’ methods and their ability to detect emerging variants. Participant laboratories included those in the Vet-LIRN and NAHLN networks, as well as CDC, DOD, USGS, EPA, and private laboratories. ICE2 is even more relevant now because veterinary diagnostic laboratories are testing human samples for the SARS-CoV-2 virus under Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) certifications and have tested millions of human diagnostic samples.
		**ICE3:** In April 2022, thirty laboratories participated in ICE3 to evaluate the detection of Delta and Omicron variants in canine nasal matrix. Results from laboratories were analyzed according to the principles of International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 16140 - 2:2016. The overall results showed 93% detection for Delta and 97% for Omicron with an overall specificity of 97%. These results indicate that the canine nasal matrix did not significantly impact SARS-CoV-2 detection and that laboratory methods remained sensitive and specific for detecting SARS-CoV-2, including newer variants.
	Vet-LIRN, in collaboration with FDA’s Center for Veterinary Medicine’s Office of Surveillance and Compliance, facilitates necropsies of animals, excluding production animals, that tested positive for or were exposed to SARS-CoV-2. Vet-LIRN partnered with USDA’s National Veterinary Services Laboratory, Department of Defense, and CDC to develop a sample checklist to standardize sample collection and archiving for partners conducting necropsies. This work is a part of a One Health approach that includes a collaboration with the CDC, state and local veterinarians, and Vet-LIRN to allow network laboratories to conduct necropsies on animals across the nation. To date, three cats, one dog, and one tiger were necropsied through this collaborative process. This work is important because we are still learning about the disease process in natural exposures in animals. In addition, this collaboration builds on the One Health framework.
	Vet-LIRN advances animal diagnostics for COVID-19 with various grant projects for network laboratories, including those that increase testing capacity, promote variant detection, and result in the development and validation of new diagnostic methods. This work reinforces the comprehensive One Health approach as part of the pandemic response.While Vet-LIRN’s efforts related to COVID-19 are focused on emergency response, they also promote and protect human and animal health. The veterinary diagnostic laboratory community is building laboratory capacity, training scientists, and providing critical scientific information to federal stakeholders. Vet-LIRN is focused on ensuring results gathered by network laboratories are accurate and meaningful to advance our ability to respond to the pandemic.

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Network Laboratory Methods

Vet-LIRN is working to ensure that detailed protocols and procedures of methods developed from grant funding are publicly available. Recent protocols and procedures include:

Extraction and PCR for animal samples using the Thermofisher Scientific TaqPath COVID-19 Combo Kit (protocols.io)
	Sequencing SARS-CoV-2 from Animal Samples with NEBNext ARTIC SARS-CoV-2 Companion Kit (protocols.io)
	Targeted NGS feline respiratory panel including SARS-CoV-2 for Ion Torrent platform (protocols.io)
	Meat speciation NGS protocol using DNeasy mericon food kit, Ion AmpliSeq Library Kit Plus, Ion Chef, and Ion GeneStudio S5 System (protocols.io)
	Extraction of bacterial DNA using MagMAX CORE Nucleic Acid Purification Kit on KingFisher Flex Instrument (protocols.io)
	Extraction of bacterial DNA using ChargeSwitch gDNA Mini Bacteria kit on KingFisher Flex robot (protocols.io)
	iSeq Bacterial WGS Protocol (protocols.io)
	Salmonella detection with spin column extraction and 7500-FAST enrichment PCR (protocols.io)
	Salmonella detection with spin column extraction and 7500-FAST enrichment PCR (protocols.io)Back to the top

Publications (Listed past 5 years)

2023

Chen, Y., Lopez, S., Reddy, R., Wan, J., Tkachenko. A., Nemser, S., Smith, L., Reimschuessel, R. (2023).  Validation and interlaboratory comparison of anticoagulant rodenticide analysis in animal livers using ultra-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. J Vet Diagn Invest. (In Press)

Deng, K., Nemser, S. M., Frost, K., Goodman, L. B., Ip, H. S., Killian, M. L., . . . Tyson, G. H. (2023). Successful Detection of Delta and Omicron Variants of SARS-CoV-2 by Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory Participants in an Interlaboratory Comparison Exercise. The Journal of Applied Laboratory Medicine. doi:10.1093/jalm/jfad018

Francis, K. A., Tkachenko, A., Johnson, J. T., Smith, L. L., Noonan, R. T., Filigenzi, M. S., . . . Romano, M. C. (2023). Comprehensive Evaluation of HPLC-MS/MS Method for Quantitation of Seven Anticoagulant Rodenticides and Dicoumarol in Animal Serum. J Anal Toxicol. doi:10.1093/jat/bkad017

Du, X., Schrunk, D. E., Imerman, P. M., Tahara, J., Tkachenko, A., Guag, J., . . . Rumbeiha, W. K. (2023). Extensive Evaluation of a Method for Quantitative Measurement of Aflatoxins B1 and M1 in Animal Urine Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Fluorescence Detection. J AOAC Int, 106(3), 645-651. doi:10.1093/jaoacint/qsad0342022

2022

Ballash, G. A., Dennis, P. M., Mollenkopf, D. F., Albers, A. L., Robison, T. L., Adams, R. J., . . . Wittum, T. E. (2022). Colonization of White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) from Urban and Suburban Environments with Cephalosporinase- and Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacterales. Appl Environ Microbiol, 88(13), e0046522. doi:10.1128/aem.00465-22

Deng, K., Uhlig, S., Goodman, L. B., Ip, H. S., Killian, M. L., Nemser, S. M., Tkachenko, A . . . Tyson, G. H. (2022). Second round of an interlaboratory comparison of SARS-CoV2 molecular detection assays used by 45 veterinary diagnostic laboratories in the United States. J Vet Diagn Invest, 34(5), 825-834. doi:10.1177/10406387221115702

Esmaeilishirazifard, E., Usher, L., Trim, C., Denise, H., Sangal, V., Tyson, G. H., . . . Moschos, S. A. (2022). Bacterial Adaptation to Venom in Snakes and Arachnida. Microbiol Spectr, 10(3), e0240821. doi:10.1128/spectrum.02408-21

Harrison, L., Tyson, G. H., Strain, E., Lindsey, R. L., Strockbine, N., Ceric, O., . . . Dessai, U. (2022). Use of Large-Scale Genomics to Identify the Role of Animals and Foods as Potential Sources of Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli That Cause Human Illness. Foods, 11(13). doi:10.3390/foods11131975

Mitchell, P. K., Wang, L., Stanhope, B. J., Cronk, B. D., Anderson, R., Mohan, S., . . . Goodman, L. B. (2022). Multi-laboratory evaluation of the Illumina iSeq platform for whole genome sequencing of Salmonella, Escherichia coli and Listeria. Microb Genom, 8(2). doi:10.1099/mgen.0.000717

Rotstein, D. S., Peloquin, S., Proia, K., Hart, E., Lee, J., Vyhnal, K. K., . . . Ghai, R. (2022). Investigation of SARS-CoV-2 infection and associated lesions in exotic and companion animals. *Vet Pathol*, 3009858211067467. doi:10.1177/03009858211067467

Tate, H., Ayers, S., Nyirabahizi, E., Li, C., Borenstein, S., Young, S., . . . McDermott, P. F. (2022). Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance in Select Bacteria From Retail Seafood-United States, 2019. Front Microbiol, 13, 928509. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2022.928509

2021

Deng, K., Uhlig, S., Ip, H. S., Lea Killian, M., Goodman, L. B., Nemser, S., . . . Reimschuessel, R. (2021). Interlaboratory comparison of SARS-CoV2 molecular detection assays in use by U.S. veterinary diagnostic laboratories. *J Vet Diagn Invest*, 33(6), 1039-1051. doi:10.1177/10406387211029913

Girard, L., Herath, K., Escobar, H., Reimschuessel, R., Ceric, O., & Jayasuriya, H. (2021). Development of UHPLC/Q-TOF Analysis Method to Screen Glycerin for Direct Detection of Process Contaminants 3-Monochloropropane-1,2-diol Esters (3-MCPDEs) and Glycidyl Esters (GEs). *Molecules*, 26(9). doi:10.3390/molecules26092449

Nemser, S., Lindemann, S., Chen, Y., Lopez, S., Pickens, S., Ulaszek, J., . . . Reddy, R. (2021). A review of proficiency exercises offered by the Veterinary Laboratory Investigation and Response Network (Vet-LIRN) and Moffett Proficiency Testing Laboratory from 2012 to 2018. *Accreditation and Quality Assurance*, 26(3), 143-156. doi:10.1007/s00769-021-01471-x

Rotstein, D., Jones, J. L., Buchweitz, J., Refsal, K. R., Wilson, R., Yanes, E. G., . . . Reimschuessel, R. (2021). Pet Food-Associated Dietary Exogenous Thyrotoxicosis: Retrospective Study (2016-2018) and Clinical Considerations. *Top Companion Anim Med*, 43, 100521. doi:10.1016/j.tcam.2021.100521

Peloquin, S. K., Rotstein, D. S., Jones, J. L., Guag, J., Carey, L., Palmer, L. A., . . . Reimschuessel, R. (2021). Presumed Choline Chloride Toxicosis in Cats With Positive Ethylene Glycol Tests After Consuming a Recalled Cat Food. *Top Companion Anim Med*, 44, 100548. doi:10.1016/j.tcam.2021.100548

Taghvaei, M., Tonyali, B., Sommers, C., Ceric, O., Linghu, Z., Smith, J. S., & Yucel, U. (2021). Formation kinetics of radiolytic lipid products in model food–lipid systems with gamma irradiation. *Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society*, 98(7), 737-746. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/aocs.12513

Tkachenko, A., Benson, K., Mostrom, M., Guag, J., Reimschuessel, R., & Webb, B. (2021). Extensive evaluation via blinded testing of an UHPLC-MS/MS method for quantitation of ten ergot alkaloids in rye and wheat grains. *J AOAC Int.* doi:10.1093/jaoacint/qsaa173

Tyson, G. H., Ceric, O., Guag, J., Nemser, S., Borenstein, S., Slavic, D., . . . Reimschuessel, R. (2021). Genomics accurately predicts antimicrobial resistance in Staphylococcus pseudintermedius collected as part of Vet-LIRN resistance monitoring. *Veterinary Microbiology*, 254, 109006. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109006

Vudathala, D., Cummings, M., Tkachenko, A., Guag, J., Reimschuessel, R., & Murphy, L. (2021). A Lateral Flow Method for Aflatoxin B1 in Dry Dog Food: An Inter-Laboratory Trial. *J AOAC Int*. doi:10.1093/jaoacint/qsaa175

2020

Cole, S. D., Peak, L., Tyson, G. H., Reimschuessel, R., Ceric, O., & Rankin, S. C. (2020). New Delhi Metallo-β-Lactamase-5-Producing Escherichia coli in Companion Animals, United States. *Emerg Infect Dis*, 26(2), 381-383. doi:10.3201/eid2602.191221

Nichols, M., Stevenson, L., Koski, L., Basler, C., Wise, M., Whitlock, L., . . . Williams, I. T. (2020). Detecting national human enteric disease outbreaks linked to animal contact in the United States of America. *Rev Sci Tech*, 39(2), 471-480. doi:10.20506/rst.39.2.3098

Taghvaei, M., Sommers, C., Ceric, O., Hussain, F., Yucel, U., & Smith, J. S. (2020). Solid-phase micro extraction of food irradiation marker 2-dodecylcyclobutanone (2-DCB) from chicken jerky treated with glycerol. *J Food Sci*, 85(8), 2608-2614. doi:10.1111/1750-3841.15322

Tonyali, B., Sommers, C., Ceric, O., Smith, J. S., & Yucel, U. (2020). An analysis of cellulose- and dextrose-based radicals in sweet potatoes as irradiation markers. *J Food Sci*, 85(9), 2745-2753. doi:10.1111/1750-3841.15359

Vudathala, D., Klobut, J., Cummings, M., Tkachenko, A., Reimschuessel, R., & Murphy, L. (2020). Multilaboratory Evaluation of a Lateral Flow Method for Aflatoxin B1 Analysis in Dry Dog Food. *J AOAC Int*, 103(2), 480-488. doi:10.5740/jaoacint.19-0020

2019

Brill, R. W., Horodysky, A. Z., Place, A. R., Larkin, M. E. M., & Reimschuessel, R. (2019). Effects of dietary taurine level on visual function in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). *PLoS One*, 14(6), e0214347. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0214347

Ceric, O., Tyson, G. H., Goodman, L. B., Mitchell, P. K., Zhang, Y., Prarat, M., . . . Reimschuessel, R. J. B. V. R. (2019). Enhancing the one health initiative by using whole genome sequencing to monitor antimicrobial resistance of animal pathogens: Vet-LIRN collaborative project with veterinary diagnostic laboratories in United States and Canada. 15(1), 130. doi:10.1186/s12917-019-1864-2

Du, X., Schrunk, D. E., Imerman, P. M., Smith, L., Francis, K., Tahara, J., . . . Rumbeiha, W. K. (2019). Evaluation of a Diagnostic Method to Quantify Aflatoxins B(1) and M(1) in Animal Liver by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Fluorescence Detection. *J AOAC Int*, 102(5), 1530-1534. doi:10.5740/jaoacint.18-0355

Jones, J. L., Wang, L., Ceric, O., Nemser, S. M., Rotstein, D. S., Jurkovic, D. A., . . . Reimschuessel, R. (2019). Whole genome sequencing confirms source of pathogens associated with bacterial foodborne illness in pets fed raw pet food. *J Vet Diagn Invest*, 1040638718823046. doi:10.1177/1040638718823046

Tyson, G. H., Li, C., Ceric, O., Reimschuessel, R., Cole, S., Peak, L., & Rankin, S. C. (2019). Complete Genome Sequence of a Carbapenem-Resistant Escherichia coli Isolate with bla NDM-5 from a Dog in the United States. *Microbiol Resour Announc*, 8(34). doi:10.1128/MRA.00872-19

2018

Buchweitz, J. P., Johnson, M., Jones, J. L., & Lehner, A. F. (2018). Development of a Quantitative Gas Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method for the Determination of Pentobarbital in Dog Food. *J Agric Food Chem*, 66(42), 11166-11169. doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.8b04178

Harrison, L. M., Gaines, D. W., Babu, U. S., Balan, K. V., Reimschuessel, R., Do, A. B., . . . Williams, K. M. (2018). Diet-induced obesity precipitates kidney dysfunction and alters inflammatory mediators in mice treated with Shiga Toxin 2. *Microb Pathog*, 123, 250-258. doi:10.1016/j.micpath.2018.07.015

Jones, J. L., Rotstein, D. S., Ceric, O., Nemser, S. M., & Reimschuessel, R. (2018). Information for veterinarians on reporting suspected animal food issues. *J Am Vet Med Assoc*, 253(5), 550-553. doi:10.2460/javma.253.5.550

Publications (Vet-LIRN funded) (Listed past 3 years)

2023

Meisner, J., Baszler, T. V., Kuehl, K. E., Ramirez, V., Baines, A., Frisbie, L. A., . . . Rabinowitz, P. M. (2022). Household Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from Humans to Pets, Washington and Idaho, USA. Emerg Infect Dis, 28(12), 2425-2434. doi:10.3201/eid2812.220215

2022

Burbick, C. R., Alexander, T. L., Wolking, R., Gull, T., Ceric, O., & Reimschuessel, R. (2022). Non-carbapenemase producing carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from the urinary tract of a dog. Can Vet J, 63(7), 740-744.

Zehr, J. D., Pond, S. L. K., Martin, D. P., Ceres, K., Whittaker, G. R., Millet, J. K., . . . Stanhope, M. J. (2022). Recent Zoonotic Spillover and Tropism Shift of a Canine Coronavirus Is Associated with Relaxed Selection and Putative Loss of Function in NTD Subdomain of Spike Protein. *Viruses*, 14(5). doi:10.3390/v14050853

2021

Gioia, G., Addis, M. F., Goodman, L. B., Mitchell, P. K., Thompson, B., Goodrich, E., & Moroni, P. (2021). Draft Genome Sequence of Acholeplasma laidlawii Isolated from the Conjunctiva of a Heifer with Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis. *Microbiol Resour Announc*, 10(4). doi:10.1128/mra.01345-20

Oh, C., Sashittal, P., Zhou, A., Wang, L., El-Kebir, M., & Nguyen, T. H. (2021). Regional and temporal variations affect the accuracy of variant-specific SARS-CoV-2 PCR assays. *medRxiv*, 2021.2011.2008.21266083. doi:10.1101/2021.11.08.21266083

Podico, G., Gray, S. M., Wang, L., & Canisso, I. F. (2021). A novel Streptococcus species causing clinical mastitis in a pregnant donkey. *J Vet Diagn Invest*, 33(5), 979-983. doi:10.1177/10406387211027306

Savard, C., Ariel, O., Fredrickson, R., Wang, L., & Broes, A. (2021). Detection and genome characterization of bovine kobuvirus (BKV) in faecal samples from diarrhoeic calves in Quebec, Canada. *Transbound Emerg Dis*. doi:10.1111/tbed.14086

Savard, C., Provost, C., Ariel, O., Morin, S., Fredrickson, R., Gagnon, C. A., . . . Wang, L. (2021). First report and genomic characterization of a bovine-like coronavirus causing enteric infection in an odd-toed non-ruminant species (Indonesian tapir, Acrocodia indica) during an outbreak of winter dysentery in a zoo. *Transbound Emerg Dis*. doi:10.1111/tbed.14300

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                                                                                  Content current as of:
      08/03/2023Science & Research

          
                        Aquaculture Research
          Veterinary Laboratory Investigation and Response Network


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