III 

117TH CONGRESS 

1ST SESSION S. RES. 380 

Reiterating United States support for the people of the Republic of South 

Sudan in their quest for lasting peace, stability, and democracy after 

10 years of independence and calling for a review of United States 

policy toward South Sudan. 

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES 

SEPTEMBER 23, 2021 

Mr. RISCH (for himself, Mr. BOOKER, Mr. ROUNDS, Mr. DURBIN, Mr. CORNYN, Mr. RUBIO, Mr. VAN HOLLEN, and Mr. COONS) submitted the following resolution; which was referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations 

OCTOBER 28, 2021 

Reported by Mr. MENENDEZ, with an amendment and an amendment to the 

preamble 

DECEMBER 9, 2021 

Considered, amended, and agreed to with an amended preamble 

RESOLUTION 

Reiterating United States support for the people of the Republic of South Sudan in their quest for lasting peace, 

stability, and democracy after 10 years of independence 

and calling for a review of United States policy toward 

South Sudan. 

Whereas the Republic of South Sudan became the newest 

country in the world on July 9, 2011, following the Referendum on the Self-Determination of Southern Sudan, 


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SRES 380 ATS 

in which 99 percent of Southern Sudanese voters voted 

in favor of secession from Sudan; 

Whereas the 21-year civil war in Sudan, the longest-running 

conflict in Africa, caused approximately 2,000,000 deaths 

and mass population displacement of approximately 

550,000 refugees and 4,000,000 internally displaced persons; 

Whereas the United States played a significant role in supporting the resolution of Sudan’s civil war, facilitating 

peace negotiations, serving as a guarantor to the Comprehensive Peace Agreement between the Government of 

the Republic of the Sudan and the Sudan People’s Liberation Movement/Sudan People’s Liberation Army 

signed in January 2005, and providing substantial resources for the implementation of that agreement alongside other international partners; 

Whereas, on December 15, 2013, just 28 months following 

independence, the political power struggle between President Salva Kiir and Vice President Riek Machar, both of 

the Sudan People’s Liberation Movement (SPLM), erupted into open conflict between ethnically allied Dinka and 

Nuer factions of the security services and quickly escalated into civil war; 

Whereas, on August 17, 2015, after months of mediation by 

the Intergovernmental Authority on Development, the 

Agreement on the Resolution of the Conflict in the Republic of South Sudan was signed by President Kiir, Riek 

Machar for SPLM-In Opposition (SPLM-IO), and Pagan 

Amum for SPLM-Former Detainees; 

Whereas the parties to the Agreement on the Resolution of 

the Conflict in the Republic of South Sudan demVerDate Sep 11 2014 02:21 Dec 10, 2021 Jkt 029200 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6300 E:\BILLS\SR380.ATS SR380

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onstrated a lack of political will for sustainable peace, delaying implementation of the agreement, and in July 

2016, new clashes in Juba quickly spread, returning the 

country to civil war; 

Whereas the Revitalized Agreement on the Resolution of the 

Conflict in the Republic of South Sudan, signed on September 12, 2018, reasserted the Parties’ commitment to 

a permanent ceasefire, humanitarian access, and respect 

for human rights, and called for the establishment of a 

Revitalized Transitional Government of National Unity to 

lead South Sudan to democratic elections after 44 

months; 

Whereas Kiir’s presidential term has been extended 3 times 

since South Sudan’s independence, twice through amendments to the Transitional Constitution of South Sudan 

and most recently through an extension of the Transitional Period under the Revitalized Agreement on the 

Resolution of the Conflict in the Republic of South 

Sudan to 2023; 

Whereas, despite years of fighting, the widespread suffering 

of South Sudanese civilians, punitive actions by the international community, and 2 peace agreements, the leaders 

of South Sudan have failed to build sustainable peace, 

and critical provisions of the Revitalized Agreement on 

the Resolution of the Conflict in the Republic of South 

Sudan remain unimplemented; 

Whereas the conflict in South Sudan resulted in the deaths 

of at least 383,000 people from December 2013 to April 

2018, according to a report by the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, and caused one of the worst 

displacement crises in the world with 1,600,000 internally displaced persons and 2,200,000 refugees and asyVerDate Sep 11 2014 02:21 Dec 10, 2021 Jkt 029200 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6300 E:\BILLS\SR380.ATS SR380

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lum seekers in the region as of May 2021, according to 

the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees; 

Whereas South Sudan ranks 185th of 189 countries in the 

2020 Human Development Index, performed the worst of 

180 countries on the 2020 Corruption Perceptions Index, 

is perennially one of the most dangerous countries in 

which aid workers operate, received the lowest ranking in 

the Department of State’s Trafficking in Persons Report 

every year from 2015 to 2021, and has been on the Child 

Soldiers Prevention Act list for 10 years in a row; 

Whereas the United Nations declared a ‘‘man-made’’ famine 

in parts of South Sudan in February 2017, and the 

United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs stated in March 2021 that ‘‘South Sudan 

is facing its highest levels of food insecurity and malnutrition since independence ten years ago’’; 

Whereas the African Union and Office of the United Nations 

High Commissioner for Human Rights found that parties 

to the conflict had committed acts that constituted war 

crimes, crimes against humanity, and other violations of 

international humanitarian law; 

Whereas, in February 2021, the United Nations Commission 

on Human Rights in South Sudan ‘‘found that ten years 

after independence, staggering levels of violence continue 

and threaten to spiral out of control across several regions in the country’’; 

Whereas, in September 2021, the United Nations Deputy 

High Commissioner for Human Rights and the Chairperson of the United Nations Commission on Human 

Rights in South Sudan both reported that there were sigVerDate Sep 11 2014 02:21 Dec 10, 2021 Jkt 029200 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6300 E:\BILLS\SR380.ATS SR380

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nificant levels of localized violence and a marked deterioration of human rights conditions in South Sudan; 

Whereas the situation in South Sudan persists while its 

neighbors face increasingly urgent domestic and regional 

issues, including a fragile political transition in Sudan, 

conflict in Ethiopia, and deeply flawed electoral processes 

and political unrest in Uganda and Somalia; 

Whereas the United States has been the largest donor to 

South Sudan, providing more than $1,800,000,000 in development assistance since independence and more than 

$6,000,000,000 in emergency humanitarian assistance 

since the start of the civil war in December 2013; 

Whereas, on July 9, 2021, the United Nations Mission in 

South Sudan marked 10 years in existence at a total cost 

of more than $10,300,000,000, and total United States 

contributions are estimated to exceed $3,300,000,000 

through 2021; 

Whereas the leaders of South Sudan have consistently failed 

to uphold their responsibilities to create the conditions 

for peace and prosperity, have prioritized self-preservation and corruption over the needs of the people they represent, have acted in bad faith in the implementation of 

cease-fire and peace agreements, and have betrayed the 

cause of freedom, resulting in the loss of millions of innocent lives; 

Whereas South Sudan has not held an election since its independence and the current leaders of South Sudan were 

appointed or installed through transitional arrangements 

based on peace agreements; 

Whereas South Sudan merits consistent high-level attention 

given the central role the United States played in diploVerDate Sep 11 2014 02:21 Dec 10, 2021 Jkt 029200 PO 00000 Frm 00005 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6300 E:\BILLS\SR380.ATS SR380

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matic efforts leading to the independence of South Sudan 

and the enormous investments in humanitarian and other 

assistance the United States has provided to South 

Sudan; and 

Whereas, on July 9, 2021, South Sudan celebrated the 10th 

anniversary of its independence: Now, therefore, be it 

1 Resolved, That the Senate— 

2 (1) reiterates the commitment of the United 

3 States to helping the people of South Sudan realize 

4 their aspirations of an independent, stable, demo5 cratic, and prosperous South Sudan; 

6 (2) calls on the Secretary of State to lead a 

7 comprehensive interagency process to develop a revi8 talized United States policy toward South Sudan 

9 that— 

10 (A) restores United States diplomatic lead11 ership with regard to South Sudan alongside 

12 European and African partners; 

13 (B) advances United States policy goals 

14 for South Sudan and the Horn of Africa and 

15 establishes a plan to support a peaceful, pros16 perous South Sudan; 

17 (C) identifies South Sudanese political and 

18 civilian stakeholders, beyond President Kiir and 

19 First Vice President Machar, with whom the 

20 United States may work for the promotion of 


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1 peace, democracy, development, accountability, 

2 transparency, and anti-corruption efforts; 

3 (D) increases diplomatic efforts to urge re4 gional actors, particularly in Kenya and Ugan5 da, to investigate assets of corrupt South Suda6 nese elites and ensure Kenya and Uganda are 

7 no longer havens for conflict- and corruption-re8 lated proceeds; and 

9 (E) ensures that United States diplomatic 

10 engagement is commensurate with the level of 

11 assistance the United States provides to South 

12 Sudan, which currently amounts to more than 

13 $1,000,000,000 in aid each year; 

14 (3) calls on the United States Mission to the 

15 United Nations— 

16 (A) to take steps to ensure increased effec17 tiveness of the United Nations Mission in South 

18 Sudan; and 

19 (B) to call upon regional and international 

20 actors to cooperate in enforcing the United Na21 tions arms embargo in South Sudan and take 

22 action against those violating the embargo; 

23 (4) calls on the Administrator of the United 

24 States Agency for International Development, in co25 ordination with the Secretary of State— 


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1 (A) to ensure that United States assist2 ance adheres to the principle of ‘‘Do No Harm’’ 

3 by pausing any funding, including humanitarian 

4 aid, that is found to enrich any party to the on5 going conflict; and 

6 (B) to ensure that the comprehensive re7 view of United States assistance programs to 

8 South Sudan, started in 2018 to ‘‘ensure our 

9 assistance does not contribute to or prolong the 

10 conflict, or facilitate predatory or corrupt be11 havior’’, is completed and its findings pub12 licized; and 

13 (5) urges the Secretary of the Treasury— 

14 (A) to prioritize investigations into illicit fi15 nancial flows fueling violence in South Sudan; 

16 (B) to work with the Secretary of State to 

17 update, on a regular basis, the list of individ18 uals and entities designated under the South 

19 Sudan sanctions program, including individuals 

20 at the highest levels of leadership in South 

21 Sudan and from within the National Security 

22 Service; and 

23 (C) to coordinate, in cooperation with the 

24 Secretary of State, with the United Kingdom 


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1 and the European Union on South Sudan-re2 lated sanctions designations and enforcement. 

Æ 


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