III 

Calendar No. 23 

117TH CONGRESS 

1ST SESSION S. RES. 36 

Reaffirming the strategic partnership between the United States and Mongolia 

and recognizing the 30th anniversary of democracy in Mongolia. 

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES 

FEBRUARY 8, 2021 

Mr. SULLIVAN (for himself and Mr. CARDIN) submitted the following 

resolution; which was referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations 

MARCH 24, 2021 

Reported by Mr. MENENDEZ, with an amendment and an amendment to the 

preamble 

[Strike out all after the resolving clause and insert the part printed in italic] 

[Strike the preamble and insert the part printed in italic] 

RESOLUTION 

Reaffirming the strategic partnership between the United 

States and Mongolia and recognizing the 30th anniversary of democracy in Mongolia. 

Whereas the United States and Mongolia established diplomatic relations in January 1987, and since that time the 

relationship has grown stronger based on shared strategic 

interests, security cooperation, democratic values, good 

governance, and respect for human rights; 


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Whereas, since its peaceful democratic revolution in 1989, 

through a series of initiatives, Mongolia has charted a 

successful path to multiparty democracy and a free market economy; 

Whereas, in 1990, the Government of Mongolia declared an 

end to a one-party and authoritarian political system and 

adopted democratic and free market reforms; 

Whereas, in 1992, Mongolia adopted a constitution establishing a democracy, becoming the first country in Asia 

to transition from communism to democracy; 

Whereas Mongolia has shown its commitment to a ‘‘third 

neighbor’’ relationship with the United States by sending 

troops to support United States operations in Iraq from 

2003 through 2008 and Afghanistan since 2009, and 

Mongolia has a strong record of troop contributions to 

international peacekeeping missions; 

Whereas successive Mongolian governments have taken notable steps to strengthen civil society, battle corruption, 

and spur economic development; 

Whereas the Parliament of Mongolia, the State Great 

Khural, has engaged with Congress, including through 

the House Democracy Partnership, thereby promoting responsive and effective governance through peer-to-peer 

cooperation; 

Whereas Mongolia began as a partner to the Organization for 

Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) in 2004, 

graduated to become a participating state in 2012, and 

participates actively in the work of the OSCE for stability, peace, and democracy; 


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Whereas Mongolia has regularly invited the OSCE and other 

organizations to send monitoring teams for its presidential and parliamentary elections; 

Whereas Mongolia has also been an active member of the 

Community of Democracies (CoD), a global coalition of 

states that support adherence to common democratic values and standards, and Mongolia has not only remained 

active since the founding of the CoD in 2000, but successfully chaired the CoD from 2011 through 2013; 

Whereas, in addition to supporting the OSCE and the CoD, 

Mongolia supports democratic initiatives while participating in a wide range of other global institutions; 

Whereas, most recently, on June 24, 2020, Mongolia successfully organized parliamentary elections, strengthening its 

commitment to democracy and the rule of law; 

Whereas the success of Mongolia as a democracy and its strategic location, sovereignty, territorial integrity, and ability to pursue an independent foreign policy are important 

to the national security of the United States; 

Whereas the United States has provided support to Mongolia 

through the Millennium Challenge Corporation through 

an initial compact signed in 2007 designed to increase 

economic growth and reduce poverty and a second compact signed in 2018 involving investments in water infrastructure, including supply and wastewater recycling, as 

well as water sector sustainability; 

Whereas, on September 20, 2018, the United States and 

Mongolia released a joint statement and the ‘‘Roadmap 

for Expanded Economic Partnership between the United 

States and Mongolia,’’ outlining the intent to deepen the 

bilateral commercial relationship, including through full 


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implementation of the obligations under the Agreement 

on Transparency in Matters Related to International 

Trade and Investment between the United States of 

America and Mongolia, signed at New York September 

24, 2013 (in this preamble referred to as the ‘‘United 

States-Mongolia Transparency Agreement’’), and collaboration in supporting Mongolian small- and medium-sized 

enterprises through various programs and projects; 

Whereas, according to the Bureau of the Census, trade between the United States and Mongolia is modest but 

growing, with total trade in 2019 between the two countries of approximately $217,400,000, including 

$192,800,000 in United States exports to Mongolia and 

$24,600,000 in United States imports from Mongolia; 

Whereas Mongolia is a beneficiary country under the Generalized System of Preferences program, but its use of the 

program remains low, as, in 2018, only $3,200,000 of exports from Mongolia to the United States were under the 

program; and 

Whereas, on July 31, 2019, the United States and Mongolia 

declared the bilateral relationship a Strategic Partnership 

and noted the shared desire— 

(1) to intensify cooperation as strong democracies 

based on the rule of law through safeguarding and promoting democratic values and human rights, including 

the freedoms of religion or belief, expression, including 

internet and media freedom, assembly, and association, 

anticorruption and fiscal transparency, and youth and 

emerging leader development; 

(2) to cooperate in promoting national security and 

stability across the Indo-Pacific region so that all countries, secure in their sovereignty, are able to pursue ecoVerDate Sep 11 2014 18:39 Mar 25, 2021 Jkt 019200 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6300 E:\BILLS\SR36.RS SR36

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nomic growth consistent with international law and principles of fair competition; 

(3) to deepen national security and law-enforcement 

ties through collaboration on bilateral and multilateral security, judicial, and law-enforcement efforts in the region; 

(4) to strengthen cooperation in multilateral engagements such as peacekeeping, humanitarian assistance, 

and disaster preparedness and relief operations; 

(5) to expand trade and investment relations on a 

fair and reciprocal basis, support private sector-led 

growth, fully implement the United States-Mongolia 

Transparency Agreement, promote women’s entrepreneurship, and continue to explore support for infrastructure under the new United States International Development Finance Corporation with the new tools provided 

under the BUILD Act of 2018 (22 U.S.C. 9601 et seq.); 

(6) to strengthen border security, prevent illegal 

transshipment and trafficking, expand cooperation on 

civil aviation safety and oversight, and efficiently facilitate legitimate travel between Mongolia and the United 

States; 

(7) to increase cooperation in addressing 

transnational threats such as terrorism, human trafficking, drug trafficking, the proliferation of weapons of 

mass destruction, cyberattacks, transnational organized 

crime, pandemics, and other emerging nontraditional security threats; 

(8) to continue to develop an environment in which 

civil society, social media, and a free and independent 

media can flourish; and 

(9) to maintain high-level official dialogues, encourage bilateral exchanges at all levels of government, and 

further develop people-to-people exchanges to deepen enVerDate Sep 11 2014 18:39 Mar 25, 2021 Jkt 019200 PO 00000 Frm 00005 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6300 E:\BILLS\SR36.RS SR36

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gagement on issues of mutual interest and concern: Now, 

therefore, be it 

Whereas the United States and Mongolia established diplomatic relations in January 1987, and since that time the 

relationship has grown stronger based on shared strategic 

interests, security cooperation, democratic values, good 

governance, and respect for human rights; 

Whereas, since its peaceful democratic revolution in 1989, 

through a series of initiatives, Mongolia has charted a successful path to multiparty democracy and a free market 

economy; 

Whereas, in 1990, the Government of Mongolia declared an end 

to a one-party and authoritarian political system and 

adopted democratic and free market reforms; 

Whereas, in 1992, Mongolia adopted a constitution establishing 

a democracy, becoming the first country in Asia to transition from communism to democracy; 

Whereas Mongolia has shown its commitment to a ‘‘third 

neighbor’’ relationship with the United States by sending 

troops to support United States operations in Iraq from 

2003 through 2008 and Afghanistan since 2009, and in 

addition has a strong record of troop contributions to 

international peacekeeping missions; 

Whereas successive Mongolian governments have taken notable 

steps to strengthen civil society, battle corruption, and 

spur economic development; 

Whereas the Parliament of Mongolia, the State Great Khural, 

has engaged with Congress, including through the House 

Democracy Partnership, thereby promoting responsive and 

effective governance through peer-to-peer cooperation; 


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•SRES 36 RS 

Whereas Mongolia began as a partner to the Organization for 

Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) in 2004, 

graduated to become a participating state in 2012, and 

participates actively in the OSCE’s work promoting stability, peace, and democracy; 

Whereas Mongolia has regularly invited the OSCE and other 

organizations to send monitoring teams for its presidential 

and parliamentary elections; 

Whereas Mongolia has also been an active member of the Community of Democracies (CoD), a global coalition of states 

that support adherence to common democratic values and 

standards, and Mongolia has not only remained active 

since the founding of the CoD in 2000, but successfully 

chaired the CoD from 2011 through 2013; 

Whereas, in addition to supporting the OSCE and the CoD, 

Mongolia supports democratic initiatives while participating in a wide range of other global institutions; 

Whereas, most recently, on June 24, 2020, Mongolia successfully organized parliamentary elections, strengthening its 

commitment to democracy and the rule of law; 

Whereas the success of Mongolia as a democracy and its strategic location, sovereignty, territorial integrity, and ability 

to pursue an independent foreign policy are important to 

the national security of the United States; 

Whereas the United States has provided support to Mongolia 

through the Millennium Challenge Corporation via an initial 2007 compact designed to increase economic growth 

and reduce poverty, as well as a second compact signed in 

2018 involving investments in water infrastructure, including supply and wastewater recycling, as well as water 

sector sustainability; 


pamtmann on DSKBC07HB2PROD with BILLS
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•SRES 36 RS 

Whereas, on September 20, 2018, the United States and Mongolia released a joint statement and the ‘‘Roadmap for Expanded Economic Partnership between the United States 

and Mongolia,’’ outlining the intent to deepen the bilateral 

commercial relationship, including through full implementation of the obligations under the Agreement on Transparency in Matters Related to International Trade and 

Investment between the United States of America and 

Mongolia, signed at New York September 24, 2013 (in this 

preamble referred to as the ‘‘United States-Mongolia 

Transparency Agreement’’), and collaboration in supporting Mongolian small- and medium-sized enterprises 

through various programs and projects; 

Whereas, according to the Bureau of the Census, trade between 

the United States and Mongolia is modest but growing, 

with total trade in 2019 between the two countries of approximately $217,400,000 in goods, including 

$192,800,000 in United States exports to Mongolia and 

$24,600,000 in United States imports from Mongolia; 

Whereas Mongolia is a beneficiary country under the Generalized System of Preferences program, but its use of the program remains low, as, in 2018, only $3,200,000 of exports 

from Mongolia to the United States were under the program; and 

Whereas, on July 31, 2019, the United States and Mongolia 

declared the bilateral relationship a Strategic Partnership 

and noted the shared desire— 

(1) to intensify cooperation as strong democracies 

based on the rule of law through safeguarding and promoting democratic values and human rights, including the 

freedoms of religion or belief, expression, including internet 

and media freedom, assembly, and association, as well as 


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•SRES 36 RS 

anticorruption and fiscal transparency, and youth and 

emerging leader development; 

(2) to cooperate in promoting national security and 

stability across the Indo-Pacific region so that all countries, secure in their sovereignty, are able to pursue economic growth consistent with international law and principles of fair competition; 

(3) to deepen national security and law-enforcement 

ties through collaboration on bilateral and multilateral security, judicial, and law-enforcement efforts in the region; 

(4) to strengthen cooperation in multilateral engagements such as peacekeeping, humanitarian assistance, and 

disaster preparedness and relief operations; 

(5) to expand trade and investment relations on a 

fair and reciprocal basis, support private sector-led 

growth, fully implement the United States-Mongolia 

Transparency Agreement, promote women’s entrepreneurship, and continue to explore support for infrastructure 

under the new United States International Development 

Finance Corporation with the new tools provided under 

the BUILD Act of 2018 (22 U.S.C. 9601 et seq.); 

(6) to strengthen border security, prevent illegal 

transshipment and trafficking, expand cooperation on civil 

aviation safety and oversight, and efficiently facilitate legitimate travel between Mongolia and the United States; 

(7) to increase cooperation in addressing 

transnational threats such as terrorism, human trafficking, drug trafficking, the proliferation of weapons of 

mass destruction, cyberattacks, transnational organized 

crime, pandemics, and other emerging nontraditional security threats; 


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•SRES 36 RS 

(8) to continue to develop an environment in which 

civil society, social media, and a free and independent 

media can flourish; and 

(9) to maintain high-level official dialogues, encourage bilateral exchanges at all levels of government, and 

further develop people-to-people exchanges to deepen engagement on issues of mutual interest and concern: Now, 

therefore, be it 

1 Resolved, That the Senate— 

2 (1) recognizes the importance of the relation3 ship between the United States and Mongolia and 

4 remains committed to advancing this Strategic Part5 nership in the future; 

6 (2) emphasizes the importance of free and fair 

7 elections in Mongolia; 

8 (3) applauds the continued engagement of Mon9 golia in the Organization for Security and Co-oper10 ation in Europe, the Community of Democracies, 

11 congressional-parliamentary partnerships, including 

12 continued high-level parliamentary exchange, and 

13 other institutions that promote democratic values, 

14 which reinforces the commitment of the people and 

15 the Government of Mongolia to those values and 

16 standards; 

17 (4) encourages the United States Government 

18 to help Mongolia use its benefits under the General19 ized System of Preferences program and other relVerDate Sep 11 2014 18:39 Mar 25, 2021 Jkt 019200 PO 00000 Frm 00010 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6401 E:\BILLS\SR36.RS SR36

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1 evant programs to increase trade between the United 

2 States and Mongolia; 

3 (5) urges the United States International De4 velopment Finance Corporation to expand activities 

5 in Mongolia to support economic development, diver6 sification of the economy of Mongolia, and women7 owned small- and medium-sized enterprises; 

8 (6) urges private and public support to help di9 versify the economy of Mongolia through increased 

10 cooperation and investments, as well as infrastruc11 ture and other vital projects; 

12 (7) urges the Department of State, the United 

13 States Agency for International Development, and 

14 other relevant agencies to continue to support Mon15 golia’s democratic and economic development and ef16 forts on anticorruption; 

17 (8) reaffirms the importance of civil society to 

18 the continued democratic development of Mongolia; 

19 (9) encourages the Government of Mongolia to 

20 build a regulatory system that supports and encour21 ages the growth and operation of independent non22 governmental organizations and continues to pursue 

23 policies of transparency that uphold democratic val24 ues; and 


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1 (10) encourages the Government of Mongolia to 

2 continue legal reform, institutional capacity building, 

3 and to improve the independence of other democratic 

4 institutions. 

5 That the Senate— 

6 (1) recognizes the importance of the relationship 

7 between the United States and Mongolia and remains 

8 committed to advancing this Strategic Partnership in 

9 the future; 

10 (2) emphasizes the importance of free and fair 

11 elections in Mongolia; 

12 (3) applauds the continued engagement of Mon13 golia in the Organization for Security and Co-oper14 ation in Europe, the Community of Democracies, con15 gressional-parliamentary partnerships, including con16 tinued high-level parliamentary exchange, and other 

17 institutions that promote democratic values, which re18 inforces the commitment of the people and the Gov19 ernment of Mongolia to those values and standards; 

20 (4) encourages the United States Government to 

21 help Mongolia use its benefits under the Generalized 

22 System of Preferences program and other relevant 

23 programs to increase trade between the United States 

24 and Mongolia; 


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1 (5) urges the United States International Devel2 opment Finance Corporation to expand activities in 

3 Mongolia to support economic development, diver4 sification of the economy, and women-owned small5 and medium-sized enterprises; 

6 (6) urges private and public support to help di7 versify the economy of Mongolia through increased co8 operation and investments, as well as infrastructure 

9 and other vital projects; 

10 (7) urges the Department of State, the United 

11 States Agency for International Development, and 

12 other relevant agencies to continue to support Mongo13 lia’s democratic and economic development and efforts 

14 on anticorruption; 

15 (8) reaffirms the importance of civil society to 

16 the continued democratic development of Mongolia; 

17 (9) encourages the Government of Mongolia to 

18 build a regulatory system that supports and encour19 ages the growth and operation of independent non20 governmental organizations and continues to pursue 

21 policies of transparency that uphold democratic val22 ues; and 

23 (10) encourages the Government of Mongolia to 

24 continue legal reform, institutional capacity building, 


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1 and to improve the independence of other democratic 

2 institutions. 


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Calendar No. 23 

117TH CONGRESS 

1ST SESSION S. RES. 36 

RESOLUTION 

Reaffirming the strategic partnership between the 

30th anniversary of democracy in Mongolia. United States and Mongolia and recognizing the 

MARCH 24, 2021 

Reported with an amendment and an amendment to the 

preamble 


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