Third District Court of Appeal

State of Florida 

Opinion filed September 27, 2023.

Not final until disposition of timely filed motion for rehearing.

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No. 3D22-1317

Lower Tribunal No. 20-20685

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TBC Florida, LLC, et al.,

Appellants,

vs.

Infinity Biscayne Myrtle Member, LLC,

Appellee.

An Appeal from the Circuit Court for Miami-Dade County, Beatrice 

Butchko, Judge.

Cohen Law, and Danielle Cohen and Keith R. Gaudioso, for 

appellants.

Zarco Einhorn Salkowski, P.A., and Robert F. Salkowski and Seth M. 

Shapiro, for appellee.

Before EMAS, MILLER and LOBREE, JJ. 

EMAS, J.
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INTRODUCTION

In the action below, Infinity Biscayne Myrtle Member, LLC (“Landlord”) 

obtained an amended final judgment against TBC Florida, LLC (“Tenant”) 

and Brianna Hathaway (“Guarantor”) on Landlord’s complaint for breach of 

contract and breach of guaranty. Tenant and Guarantor appeal that 

amended final judgment and, for the reasons that follow, we affirm. 

FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND

Guarantor originally ran a business called BBF Miami, LLC, which

leased space from Landlord (and from Landlord’s predecessor) under a tenyear Lease Agreement executed in early 2015 (“Lease Agreement”). Along 

with that Lease Agreement, Guarantor executed a Guaranty. In June 2015, 

BBF Miami assigned the Lease Agreement to Tenant. When COVID-19 

resulted in the closure of gyms and similar establishments (including 

Tenant’s business), Tenant stopped paying rent. Landlord declared Tenant 

in default and filed suit against Tenant (for breach of contract) and against 

Guarantor (for breach of the Guaranty). 

Tenant and Guarantor jointly filed an answer to the complaint, 

asserting, inter alia, an affirmative defense of failure to mitigate, but asserted 

no affirmative defenses specific to the Guaranty.
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Landlord later moved for summary judgment on both counts of the 

complaint, and once again, Tenant and Guarantor jointly responded, and, 

relevant to the breach of guaranty claim, asserted that Guarantor’s 

obligations to Landlord were released when BBF Miami assigned the Lease 

Agreement to Tenant in June 2015.

After a hearing, the trial court granted summary judgment to the 

Landlord, denied Tenant and Guarantor’s motion for rehearing, and entered 

final judgment against Tenant and Guarantor. This appeal followed.

On appeal, Tenant and Guarantor assert: (1) Guarantor was released 

from the guaranty as a matter of law when BBF Miami assigned the Lease 

Agreement to Tenant; and (2) a genuine issue of material fact remains as to 

whether Landlord conducted a good faith effort to re-let the premises, and 

thus the trial court erred in granting summary judgment.

ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION

Judgment on Breach of the Guaranty 

As to the first issue, which we review de novo, see Perez-Gurri Corp. 

v. McLeod, 238 So. 3d 347, 350 (Fla. 3d DCA 2017), three documents inform 

the question of whether Guarantor Hathaway’s guaranty survived BBF 

Miami’s assignment of the lease to TBC Florida: (1) the 2015 Lease 

Agreement; (2) the Guaranty; and (3) the Assignment. 
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The Lease Agreement identifies the “Tenant” as BBF Miami,

Hathaway’s company. The Lease Agreement identifies Hathaway as the 

“Guarantor.” Paragraph 22 of the Lease Agreement permits the Tenant to 

assign the contract with prior written consent from Landlord. Importantly, 

while this paragraph provides that, upon assignment “Tenant [BBF Miami] 

shall be released from any and all liability or obligation under the Lease,” 

there is no mention of the Guarantor (Hathaway) or the Guaranty attached 

to the Lease Agreement. In other words, while the terms of the Lease 

Agreement expressly provide that BBF Miami’s assignment of the Lease 

Agreement results in a release of BBF Miami, there is nothing in the Lease 

Agreement providing that BBF Miami’s assignment of the Lease Agreement

results in a release of the Guarantor. 

By contrast, the Guaranty (which is attached as an exhibit to, and 

incorporated in, the Lease Agreement) provides that Guarantor guarantees 

the obligations of “Tenant” and further “agrees that any modification of the 

Lease . . . shall not in any way release guarantor from liability hereunder or 

terminate, affect, or diminish the validity of this Guaranty.”

Finally, the Assignment makes no mention of the Guarantor or the 

Guaranty, but it does provide: “Assignee [TBC Florida] expressly assumes 

assignor’s [BBF Miami’s] obligations under the lease as assigned by this 
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assignment, commencing on the effective date.” The Assignment also 

incorporates by reference the original 2015 Lease Agreement. 

Tenant and Guarantor contend that the assignment of the Lease 

Agreement from BBF Miami to TBC Florida extinguished Guarantor’s 

obligation under the Guaranty. Yet they can point to no provision in the 

Lease Agreement, the Guaranty or the Assignment that would support such 

a conclusion. While one might properly contend these documents could 

have been written with greater clarity, perhaps including in the Assignment 

some specific reference to the Guaranty, it is manifestly not the job of the 

court to rewrite the agreements between the parties. Indeed, as this court 

previously stated in Perez-Gurri, 238 So. 3d at 350:

“When interpreting a contract, the court must first examine the 

plain language of the contract for evidence of the parties’ intent.” 

Murley v. Wiedamann, 25 So. 3d 27, 29 (Fla. 2d DCA 2009). A 

single term or group of words must not be read in isolation. 

American K-9 Detection Servs., Inc. v. Cicero, 100 So. 3d 236, 

238-39 (Fla. 5th DCA 2012). “Rather, ‘the goal is to arrive at a 

reasonable interpretation of the text of the entire agreement to 

accomplish its stated meaning and purpose.’” Id. (quoting Ware 

Else, Inc. v. Ofstein, 856 So. 2d 1079, 1081 (Fla. 5th DCA 2005). 

“[W]e are constrained by law to construe a contract as a whole 

so as to give effect, as here, to all provisions of the agreement if 

it can be reasonably done.” McArthur v. A.A. Green & Co. of Fla., 

637 So. 2d 311, 312 (Fla. 3d DCA 1994).

The trial court, under the plain reading of the contractual agreements 

as a whole, properly determined that Hathaway, as Guarantor, remained 
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obligated following the Assignment. Although the Lease Agreement 

identifies BBF Miami as the “Tenant” in the original Lease Agreement, and 

Guarantor guaranteed the obligations of said-defined “Tenant,” Guarantor

also agreed, under the terms of the Guaranty, that “any modification of the 

lease”—which would include the Assignment— “shall not in any way release 

[Guarantor] from liability hereunder or terminate, affect or diminish the 

validity of the Guaranty.” Thus, when BBF Miami assigned the Lease 

Agreement to TBC Florida, TBC Florida became the “Tenant” and, given the 

absence of any other provision addressing the impact of the assignment 

upon the Guaranty and Hathaway’s obligation as Guarantor, the assignment 

of the lease from BBF Miami to TBC Florida did not “terminate, affect or 

diminish” Guarantor’s obligation and liability. 

Guarantor relies on Amerishop Mayfair, L.P. v. Billante, 833 So. 2d 

806, 809 (Fla. 3d DCA 2002) for the common law proposition that “a release 

of the debtor constitutes a release of the guarantor.” However, while there 

are some factual similarities between Billante and the instant case, there are 

significant differences which render Guarantor’s reliance misplaced.

Although the guarantor in Billante signed a similarly worded guaranty

on behalf of the original tenant and the lease was later assigned to a new 

tenant, the landlord and the new tenant thereafter entered into an agreement 
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by which the lease was terminated, and the new tenant was released and 

discharged from all obligations under the lease. Despite this release, the 

landlord filed suit against the guarantor for breach of the guaranty. The trial 

court ultimately entered judgment in favor of the guarantor, and we affirmed, 

since there was no longer any tenant with a remaining obligation under the 

lease, and no agreement providing that the guarantor’s obligations would 

survive the landlord’s release of the new tenant. Id. at 810. We observed 

that if the new tenant had remained obligated under the lease (as in our 

case), so too would the guarantor:

Hence, to the extent that the tenant had obligations under the 

lease, so did Billante. Pursuant to this agreement, if the tenant 

defaulted within the two year period described in the contract and 

the tenant remained obligated to the landlord, the landlord could 

obtain relief from Billante. It follows that once the tenant's 

obligations ceased, Billante's obligations ceased also. We 

therefore conclude that Billante's obligations terminated once the 

lease termination agreement discharged [the new tenant’s] 

obligations. 

Id. at 809.

In the instant case, TBC Florida—the assignee and new tenant—

remained obligated under the assigned Lease Agreement when the Landlord 

sued both TBC Florida (as the new Tenant) and Hathaway (as Guarantor) 

for breach of the contract and guaranty, and accordingly, Guarantor 

remained obligated. Had the Landlord released TBC Florida or otherwise 
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terminated the Lease Agreement with TBC Florida, Guarantor would also be 

released from liability under Billante. See also BankAtlantic v. Berliner, 912 

So. 2d 1260 (Fla. 4th DCA 2005) (distinguishing Billante where primary 

obligor was not released before suit was filed against guarantor).

Judgment for Breach of the Lease Agreement

Next, TBC Florida asserts that there is a genuine issue of material fact 

as to whether Landlord conducted a good faith effort to re-let the premises, 

and therefore, the trial court erred in entering final summary judgment on the 

breach of contract count. We review this issue de novo. Volusia Cty. v. 

Aberdeen at Ormond Beach L.P., 760 So. 2d 126, 130 (Fla. 2000). Although 

“[g]ood faith is generally an issue of fact which precludes summary 

judgment,” Lees v. Pierce, 648 So. 2d 839, 841 (Fla. 5th DCA 1995), it is not 

always so, see Vibrant Video Inc. v. Dixie Pointe Associates, 567 So. 2d 

1003 (Fla. 3d DCA 1990), and in this case, TBC Florida failed to meet its 

burden, under the new summary judgment standard, of providing sufficient 

evidence to support its affirmative defense of Landlord’s alleged failure to

exercise good faith in mitigating its damages. 

Landlord attached to its summary judgment motion the affidavit of 

corporate representative David Berg, wherein he averred that Landlord had 

made efforts to mitigate its damages, but was unsuccessful. Attached to this
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affidavit was a broker agreement and a letter establishing attempts to re-let 

the space. In response, TBC Florida provided the affidavit of its manager, 

Jillian Lorenz, who averred that TBC Florida had “obtained two (2) offers 

from qualified candidates who submitted letters of intent to” Landlord. 

Attached to the affidavit were the letters of intent and several email 

exchanges between the prospective tenants, broker, and the Landlord. 

However, and as Landlord points out on appeal, none of this evidence raised 

a genuine issue of material fact on the good faith efforts of the Landlord to 

mitigate its damages; indeed, if it shows anything, it is only that Landlord was 

negotiating with potential tenants, but the parties were simply unable to 

agree. 

TBC Florida’s unadorned allegation that Landlord was acting in bad 

faith because it refused to lower the rent amount, or because Landlord 

ignored its square footage assessment, is insufficient without competent 

evidence to support it (for example, expert testimony demonstrating that the 

square footage or the nature of the rental space justified rent of a certain 

amount (or range) per square foot, and that Landlord was unreasonably 

demanding a higher amount or range). 

Applying the new standard to our review of an order granting summary 

judgment, we conclude TBC Florida’s failure to meet its burden of providing 
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evidence to establish a “sufficient disagreement” on the issue of whether the 

Landlord failed to mitigate in good faith is fatal. See Rich v. Narog, 366 So. 

3d 1111, 1117-18 (Fla. 3d DCA 2022) (reiterating: 

“In Florida it will no longer be plausible to maintain 

that ‘the existence of any competent evidence 

creating an issue of fact, however credible or 

incredible, substantial or trivial stops the inquiry and 

precludes summary judgment, so long as the 

‘slightest doubt’ is raised. . . .’’ Under the federal 

summary judgment standard that is now applicable 

in Florida’s state courts, where, as here, the 

nonmoving party bears the burden of proof on a 

dispositive issue at trial, the moving party need only 

demonstrate “that there is an absence of evidence to 

support the nonmoving party’s case.”

Under the new standard, once the moving party 

satisfies this initial burden, the burden then shifts to 

the nonmoving party to “make a showing sufficient to 

establish the existence of an element essential to 

that party’s case, and on which that party will bear 

the burden of proof at trial. . . .” Importantly, though, 

“[i]f the evidence [presented by the nonmovant] is 

merely colorable, or is not significantly probative, 

summary judgment may be granted.”

The trial court, therefore, must determine – as is the 

case with a motion for directed verdict – whether the 

nonmovant’s “evidence presents a sufficient 

disagreement to require submission to a jury or 

whether it is so one-sided that one party must prevail 

as a matter of law.” That is to say, the nonmovant’s 

evidence must be of sufficient weight and quality that 

“reasonable jurors could find by a preponderance of 

the evidence that the [nonmovant] is entitled to a 

verdict.” “Where the record taken as a whole could 

not lead a rational trier of fact to find for the non-
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moving party, there is no ‘genuine issue for trial.’” 

(internal citations omitted)). 

We find the other arguments urged by TBC Florida unavailing.

Affirmed.