FILED U.S. COURT OF AP PEALS ELEV ENT HC IR C U IT MAY 3 , 2006 THOMAS K. KAHN CLERK [ DO NO T P UB L I S H] I N THE UN I TE D STATE S C OU RT OF APPE ALS F O R T H E E L E V E N T H C IR C U IT

________________________ N o. 05- 14440 N on -A rgum entC al endar

________________________ D. C. Do c k e tNo . 0 4 - 8 0 1 5 3 - CR - KLR U N I T E D S T A T E S O F A M E R I C A , P la in tif f- A p p e lle e , v ersu s B R I A N H U T C H I N S , D e fe n d a n t- A p p e lla n t.

________________________ A pp ea l fr om the U ni t ed S t at es D i stri ctC ou rt forthe S outhe r n D i s tr i c tof F l or i da

_________________________ ( M ay 3, 2006) B efo re B L A C K , B A R K E T T an d K R A V IT C H , C i rcu i tJu d g es. P E R C U R I A M: A ft er p l ead i n g g u i l t y t o a co u n to f fo rci b l y assau l t i n g a fed eral o ffi cer b y u se2

o f a d an g ero u s w eap o n , d efen d an t -ap p el l an tB ri an H u t ch i n s arg u es fo r th e fi rst t i m e on app ea l thathi s pl eashou l d b e vac at ed because the di stri ctcourtcom m i tt ed pl ai n err or du ri ng hi s F eder al R ul e of C ri m i nal P roce du re 11 (“ R ul e 11”) pl ea c o llo q u y b y m is s ta tin g th e m a x im u m s ta tu to r y p e n a lty fo rth e c h a r g e d o f fe n s e . H ut chi ns al so ar gu es thatthe courterre d i n v ar i ou s w ay s i n enh anci ng hi s s ent ence a n d th a th i s s e n t e n c e i s u n r e a s o n a b l e . Fo rth e r e a s o n s th a tfo l l o w , w e a f f i r m. I . Ba c k g r o und F ol l ow i ng hi s i nd i ctm entfor forci bl y a ss aul t i ng a f eder al offi ce r by use of a da nge r ous w e apon, i n vi ol a t i on of 18 U . S . C . § 111( b) , a nd forpos s e s s i on of bur gl ar y t ool s , i n vi ol a t i on of F l or i daS t a tut e § 810. 06 a nd 18 U . S . C . §§ 7( 3) , 13 a nd 2, H ut c hi ns a gr e e d t o pl e a d gui l t y t o the a s s a ul tc ounti n e xc ha nge forthe go vernm ent ’ s a gree m entt o see k d i sm i ss al of the bu rgl ar y t oo l s c ou nt . T he pl ea a gr e e m e nts t i pul a t e d tha tthe a dvi s or y s e nt e nc i ng gui de l i ne s w oul d a ppl y a nd n ei th er p art y w o u l d seek u p w ard o r d o w n w ard d ep artu res. T he go vernm entm ade the fol l ow i ng proffe r: V et er ans A ffai rs po l i ce offi ce rs o n p a tr o l a t th e V e te r a n s A d m in is tr a tio n H o s p ita l o b s e r v e d ac a rd r iv in g s lo w ly th r o u g h ad e s e r te d p a r k in g lo t o n th e h o s p ita l’s p r o p e r ty a f te rn o r m a l h o u r s . H ut chi ns w as dri vi ng , and t here w er e s ever al others i n the backsea t . O ff i ce rs fl agged d ow n the ca r; H ut chi ns i ni t i al l y t ol d p ol i ce thatthey w er e l ostbu tthen3

s ta te d th a t th e y w e r e th e r e to v is it s o m e o n e . W h e n o f f ic e r s a s k e d H u tc h in s fo rh is d r iv e r ’s lic e n s e , h e s p e d o f f . T h e o f f ic e r s w e r e a b le to c u t H u tc h in s o f f a t th e o n ly e xi toutof

the pa r ki ng l ot . W he n H ut c hi ns s a w the of f i c e r s bl oc ki ng the e xi t , he p a u s e d a n d th e n a c c e le r a te d to w a r d th e m a t a n e s tim a te d s p e e d o f b e tw e e n f

if ty a nd f i f t y - f i ve m i l e s pe rhour . T he of f i c e r s dr e w the i rguns , a nd H ut c hi ns s t oppe d a footors o be for e hi tt i ng the pol i c e c a rtha tthe of f i c e r s w e r e be hi nd. H ut c hi ns adm i tt ed thatthe fa ctual proffe r w as corr ec t , and t he courtac ce pt ed hi s gui l t y pl ea . T he prob ati on offi ce r pre pare d a pres ent ence i nv es t i gat i on re po rt(“ P S I” ), as si gn i ng a bas e off

ense l evel of 14 pu rs uantt o U . S . S . G . § 2 A 2. 2, and t hen r e c om m e nde d: ( 1) afour - l e ve l e nha nc e m e ntunde r§ 2A 2. 2( b) ( 2) ( B ) be c a us e the of fe ns e i nvol ve d ada nge r ous w e a pon; ( 2) at w o- l e ve l i nc r e a s e unde r§ 2A 2. 2( b) ( 6) be c a us e H ut c hi ns w a s c onvi c t e d unde r§ 111( b) ; a nd ( 3) as i x- l e ve l e nha nc e m e nt unde rthe c r os s - r e fe r e nc e pr ovi s i on of § 3A 1. 2( c ) ( 1) be c a us e H ut c hi ns kne w he w a s f l e e i ng l a w e nfor c e m e ntof f i c e r s a nd hi s a s s a ul tc r e a t e d as ubs t a nt i a l r i s k of se ri ou s bod i l y i nj ury. A re du cti on for a cc ept ance of re spon si bi l i t y produ ce d a t ot al a dj us t e d of

fe ns e l e ve l of

23. T he pr oba t i on of

f i c e rl i s t e d H ut c hi ns ’ s pr i or c onvi c t i ons , w hi c h i nc l ude d s e ve r a l j uve ni l e c onvi c t i ons . B e c a us e H ut c hi ns com m i tt ed the i nst antoffe nse w i thi n t w o years of hi s r el ea se for hi s pri or offe nses and w hi l e on con di t i on al re l ea se , he had a cri m i nal hi st ory c at egory of I V , w hi ch“ If th ed e f e n d antw a s c o n v i c te du n d er 1 8 U . S . C . § 1 1 1 (b ) o r

§ 1 1 5 , i n c re a s eb y 2 1 levels.” U .S.S.G. § 2A2.2(b)( 6). 4 le d to a n a d v is o r y g u id e lin e s r a n g e o f 7 0 to 8 7 m o n th s ’ im p r is o n m e n t. H ut c hi ns obj e c t e d t o the P S I , a s s e r t i ng, i nt e ra l i a , tha t( 1) the § 2A 2. 2( b) ( 6) e nha nc e m e ntr e s ul t e d i n doubl e c ount i ng; ( 2) the § 2A 2. 2( b) ( 2) ( B ) e nha nc e m e nt w as i m p ro p er b ecau se th e car w as u sed as a m ean s o f escap e an d n o tas a da nge r ous w e apon; a nd ( 3) the r e w a s no e vi de nc e the of fe ns e w a s m ot i va t e d by the of f i c e r s ’ s t a tus , a nd, the r e for e , a§ 3A 1. 2 e nha nc e m e ntw a s notw a rr a nt e d. A l though the not i c e of

m a xi m um pe na l t i e s a tt a c he d t o the i ndi c t m e nt i nd i ca t ed thatthe as sa ul toffe nse c arri ed a m axi m um t er m of 20 ye ar s, the pl ea a gr e e m e ntm i s t a ke nl y i ndi c a t e d tha t“ the c our tm us ti m pos e am i ni m um t e r m of i m pr i s onm e ntof

up t o t e n ( 10) y e a r s . . . ” A tthe c ha nge - of- pl e ahe a r i ng, the di s tr i c tc our tc l a r i f

i e d tha tthe a bove s t a t e m e ntf r om the pl e aa gr e e m e ntc ont a i ne d a t ypog raph i ca l error a nd shou l d rea d thatthe m axi m um t er m i s up t o t en ye ar s. It w as no tun t i l the se nt enci ng hear i ng , ho w ever , thatthe courtno t ed thatthe corre ct m ax i m u m t erm fo r th e assau l to ffen se i s 2 0 years, rath er th an 1 0 years. A tse nt enci ng , the courtfoun d, and H ut chi ns conceded, thatthe § 2A 2. 2( b) ( 6) e nha nc e m e ntw a s pr ope rbe c a us e H ut c hi ns ha d pl e a de d gui l t y t o § 111( b) . W i th r e s pe c tt o the us e of the c a ra s ada nge r ous w e a pon, H ut c hi ns 1 a r g u e d th a tth e c o u r ts h o u l d n o tc o n s i d e ra n e n h a n c e me n tu n d e r§ 2 A 2 . 2 ( b ) ( 2 ) ( B)5

be c a us e a ggr a va t e d a s s a ul tby de f i ni t i on i nc l ude d the us e of aw e a pon a nd he r e the c a rw a s am e a ns of

e s c a pe a nd noti nt e nde d a s aw e a pon. T he c our ts us t a i ne d the obj ec t i on i n p ar t , al tho ug h i tfoun d thata three -l evel enhancem entun der § 2A 2. 2(b)(2)(C) w as neverthel es s proper beca use H ut chi ns used the ca r a s athrea t o r b ran d i sh ed i tev en i f h e d i d n o ti n t en d i n j u ry. W i th res pectt o the enhancem entpu rs uantt o § 3A 1. 2, the courthear d te s tim o n y f

r o m o n e o f

th e o f f ic e r s to th e e f

fe c t th a t th e a r e aw h e r e th e e v e n ts occurre d w as i l l um i nat ed w i th stre et l i gh t s, the offi ce rs w er e i n u ni form and u se d m arked v ehi cl es w i th p ol i ce l i gh t s, and t hathe drew hi s w eapo n b ec ause he fe ar ed th a t th e c a rm ig h t h it h im . T h e d is tr ic t c o u r t c o n c lu d e d th a t H u tc h in s h a d r e a s o n to k n o w th e o f

fe n s e in v o lv e d g o v e r n m e n t o f f ic ia ls b a s e d o n h is p r io rc o n ta c t w ith them and t hatthe § 3 A 1. 2(c) enhancem entw as prop er . T he di stri ctcourtse nt ence d H ut chi ns t o 6 3 m on ths’ i m pri sonm entand t hree y e a r s s upe r vi s e d r e l e a s e . I n i m pos i ng s e nt e nc e , the c our ts t a t e d tha tthe l ow e nd of the gui de l i ne s r a nge w a s s uf f i c i e ntt o “ ge t[ H ut c hi ns ’ s ] a tt e nt i on, ” t o r e f l e c tthe s e r io u s n e s s o f

th e o f fe n s e , a n d to p r o v id e aju s t a n d r e a s o n a b le p u n is h m e n t.

I I . D i s c u s s i on R ul e 11 V i ol a t i on H ut chi ns ar gu es thatthe court ’ s fai l ure t o adv i se hi m of the corre ct6

m a xi m um s e nt e nc e dur i ng hi s pl e ac ol l oquy vi ol a t e s R ul e 11 a nd r e qui r e s tha the b e p erm i tt ed t o w i th d raw h i s g u i l t y p l ea. H e assert s th atth e erro r w as n o th arm l ess be c a us e hi s de c i s i on t o pl e a d gui l t y s ubs t a nt i a l l y r e s ul t e d f r om the e rr one ous r e p r e s e n ta tio n th a t th e m a x im u m p e n a lty fo rth e o f fe n s e to w h ic h h e p le a d e d g u ilty w as 1 0 years. W he n ade fe nda ntfa i l s t o a s s e r taR ul e 11 vi ol a t i on i n the di s tr i c tc our t , he m us ts how pl a i n e r r oron a ppe a l t o obt a i n r e l i e f . U ni t e d S t a t e s v. M onr oe , 353 F . 3 d 1 3 4 6 , 1 3 4 9 ( 1 1 th C i r . 2 0 0 3 ) ( c i t a t i o n o m i tt e d ) . “ Un d e rp l a i n - e rr o rr e v i e w, the de fe nda ntha s the bur de n t o s how tha tthe r e i s ( 1) ‘ e rr or ’ ( 2) tha ti s ‘ pl a i n’ a nd ( 3) tha t‘ a f

fe c t [ s ] s ubs t a nt i a l r i ght s . ’ ” I d. ( c i t a t i on a nd i nt e r na l quot a t i on m a r ks o m itte d ) . “I f

a ll th r e e c o n d itio n s a r e m e t, a n a p p e lla te c o u r t m a y th e n e x e r c is e its di s c r e t i on t o not i c e afor fe i t e d e r r or , butonl y i f ( 4) the e rr ors e r i ous l y a f fe c t [ s ] the fa i r ne s s , i nt e gr i t y , orpubl i c r e put a t i on of j udi c i a l pr oc e e di ngs . ” I d. a t1349- 50 (c i t ati on and i nt er nal qu ot ati on m arks om i tt ed). M oreover, the S up re m e C ou rthas he l d tha t“ ade fe nda ntw ho s e e ks r e ve r s a l of hi s c onvi c t i on a f

t e ragui l t y pl e a , on th e g r o u n d th a tth e d i s tr i c tc o u r tc o m m i tt e d p l a i n e rr o ru n d e rR u l e 1 1 , m u s ts h o w a re as on abl e probabi l i t y that , bu tfor the error, he w ou l d n othave ent er ed the pl ea . ” U ni t ed S t at es v. D om i nq uez B eni t ez , 54 2 U . S . 74 , 83 (200 4).

“ W hen a di stri ctcourtac ce pt s agu i l t y pl ea , i tm ustensure thatthe three core7

c onc e r ns of

R ul e 11 . . . ha ve be e n m e t : ( 1) the gui l t y pl e am us tbe f r e e f r om c oe r c i on; ( 2) the de fe nda ntm us tunde r s t a nd the na tur e of the c ha r ge s ; a nd ( 3) the defe nd antm ustkn ow and u nd er st and t he consequences of hi s gui l t y pl ea . ” U ni t ed S ta te s v . L e

ja r d e - R a d a , 3 1 9 F .3 d 1 2 8 8 , 1 2 8 9 ( 1 1 th C ir . 2 0 0 3 ) ( q u o ta tio n o m itte d ) . A s det er m i ni ng w hether adefe nd anti s i nform ed of and u nd er st ands the charges ag ai n sth i m i s a co re co n cern o f R u l e 1 1 , a d i stri ctco u rt ’ s fai l u re t o d o so v i o l at es a de fe nda nt ’ s s ubs t a nt i a l r i ght s a nd, thus , c a n c ons t i tut e pl a i n e rr or . U ni t e d S t a t e s v. C a m a c ho, 233 F . 3d 1308, 1314 ( 11th C i r . 2000) . “ [ I ] n the R ul e 11 c ont e xt , the r e vi e w i ng c our tm a y c ons ul tthe w hol e r e c or d w he n c ons i de r i ng the e f fe c tof a ny error on sub st ant i al ri gh t s. ” M on roe, 35 3 F . 3d at13 50 (quo t ati on om i tt ed). H er e, the di stri ctcourterre d w hen i tadvi se d H ut chi ns of the i ncorrec t s t a tut or y m a xi m um forhi s of fe ns e dur i ng the pl e ac ol l oquy . H ow e ve r , tha te rr or di d n otaf

fe ctH ut chi ns’ s s ub st ant i al ri gh t s. T he i nd i ctm enti ncl ud ed a not i ce that the m a xi m um pe na l t y w a s 20 y e a r s ’ i m pr i s onm e nt , a nd the c our tc onf i r m e d dur i ng th e p le ac o llo q u y th a t H u tc h in s h a d r e c e iv e d th e in d ic tm e n t, d is c u s s e d it w ith coun se l and u nd er st oo d the charges . M oreover, the P S I s t at ed the corre ct m a xi m um pe na l t y , a nd the c or r e c tm a xi m um pe na l t y w a s r e ve a l e d dur i ng the se nt enci ng hear i ng . T he fa ctthatH ut chi ns fa i l ed t o o bj ec tor m ov e t o w i thd ra w hi s pl eabefore or du ri ng se nt enci ng , despi t e the fa ctthatthe P S I s t at ed the corre ct8

m a xi m um a nd the c our ts t a t e d the c or r e c tm a xi m um dur i ng the s e nt e nc i ng he a r i ng, sugg es t s thatH ut chi ns’ s s ub st ant i al ri gh t s w er e notaf fe ct ed by the error. S ee U ni t ed S t at es v. B ej ar ano, 24 9 F . 3d 13 04 , 13 07 (11t h C i r. 20 01 ). F ur the r m or e , H ut c hi ns ha s note s t a bl i s he d tha the w a s pr e j udi c e d by the e r r o r . A lth o u g h h e n o w a s s e r ts th a t h is d e c is io n to p le a d g u ilty w a s b a s e d o n h is m i s a ppr e he ns i on of

the s t a tut or y m a xi m um forthe c ha r ge d of fe ns e , the s ugge s t i ons tha the w oul d notha ve pl e a d gui l t y ha d the c our ti nfor m e d hi m of the corr ec tm axi m um penal t y duri ng the pl eacol l oq uy i s unp er suas i ve, as the se nt ence i m po se d w as w el l bel ow the i ncorrec tm axi m um se nt ence st at ed by the court . S ee B e j a r a no, 249 F . 3d a t1306 n. 1. A c c or di ngl y , w e hol d tha tH ut c hi ns ha s not es t abl i shed thathe w as prej ud i ce d b y the di stri ctcourt ’ s e rr or. D oubl e C ount i ng H u tc h in s n e x t a r g u e s th a t th e d is tr ic t c o u r t in c o rr e c tly d e te r m in e d h is se nt enci ng ra ng e by m i sapp l yi ng the enhancem ent s und erU . S . S . G . §§ 3A 1. 2(c) and 2 A 2. 2(b)(6). S peci fi ca l l y, H ut chi ns cont ends thatthe appl i ca t i on of § 3A 1. 2(c) i n add i t i on t o § 2A 2. 2 res ul t ed i n d ou bl e c ou nt i ng beca use i tenhanced hi s s ent ence beca use of the vi cti m ’ s s t atus as a l aw enforce m entoffi ce r e ven though tha ts t a tus w a s a l r e a dy t a ke n i nt o c ons i de r a t i on a s e s s e nt i a l e l e m e ntof the a s s a u lt o f

fe n s e , av io la tio n o f

1 8 U .S .C . § 1 1 1 ( b ) .Hutchins most likelyintended to refer to § 2A2.2(b)( 2)(C). 2 9 H e f urther a rgues thatthe courterre d b y e nh anci ng hi s s ent ence un der § 2A 2. 2(b)(6) beca use i t“ subrog at ed § 2 A 2. 2(C )” [ s ic ] a nd the n bi f ur c a t e d the 2 enhancem enti n o rdert o i m po se an un cont em pl at ed enhancem entun der § 2A 2. 2(b)(2)(C) rather than as par tof § 2 A 2. 2(b)(6). H e c l ai m s hi s off ense w as a ki n t o m i nora s s a ul tr a the rtha n fe l oni ous a s s a ul tbe c a us e the ve hi c l e w a s not i n t en d ed t o b e a d ead l y w eap o n o r t o cau se a su b st an t i al ri sk o f b o d i l y i n j u ry. F o llo w in g U n ite d S ta te s v . B o o k e r , 5 4 3 U .S . 2 2 0 ( 2 0 0 5 ) , c o u r ts a r e s till r e qui r e d t o c or r e c t l y c a l c ul a t e the gui de l i ne s r a nge , a nd r e vi e w i ng c our t s a ppl y the sa m e s t andards of re vi ew . S ee U ni t ed S t at es v. L ee , 42 7 F . 3d 88 1, 89 2 (11 th C i r. 2 0 0 5 ) . T h is c o u r t r e v ie w s ad is tr ic t c o u r t's fa c tu a l f in d in g s fo rc le a re rr o ra n d its appl i ca t i on of the se nt enci ng gu i del i nes de nov o. Id. at89 2. B ec ause the di stri ct c our ts e nt e nc e d H ut c hi ns unde ra n a dvi s or y gui de l i ne s s c he m e a nd w i thouta ny extra -ver di ctenhancem ent s, the courtdi d n otcom m i tB oo ker e rr or. T he § 3A 1. 2( c ) E nha nc e m e nt U nde r§ 3A 1. 2( c ) , the c our ts houl d i nc r e a s e the of fe ns e l e ve l by s i x “ i f , i n a m a n n e rc r e a tin g as u b s ta n tia l r is k o f s e r io u s b o d ily in

ju r y , th e d e fe n d a n t . . . kn ow i ng or havi ng re as on abl e c ause t o b el i eve thata per son w as a l aw e nfor c e m e ntof

f i c e r , a s s a ul t e d s uc h of

f i c e rdur i ng the c our s e of the of fe ns e or10

i m m edi at e f

l i gh tthere fr om . . . . ” U . S . S . G . § 3 A 1. 2(c) . T h is c o u r t h a s h e ld th a t “[ d ]o u b le c o u n tin g afa c to rd u r in g s e n te n c in g is pe r m i tt e d i f

the S e nt e nc i ng C om m i s s i on ( C om m i s s i on) i nt e nde d tha tr e s ul ta nd e a c h g u id e lin e § in q u e s tio n c o n c e r n s c o n c e p tu a lly s e p a r a te n o tio n s r e la tin g to s e nt e nc i ng. ” U ni t e d S t a t e s v. J a c ks on, 276 F . 3d 1231, 1235- 36 ( 11th C i r . 2001) ( c ita tio n s o m itte d ) . W e p r e s u m e th a t th e “C o m m is s io n in te n d e d to a p p ly s e p a r a te gui de l i ne s e c t i ons c um ul a t i ve l y unl e s s s pe c i f i c a l l y di r e c t e d othe r w i s e . ” I d. a t1236. W h e r e , a s h e r e , ad e fe n d a n t h a s b e e n c o n v ic te d o f a s s a u ltin g a n o f

f ic ia l, in vi ol ati on of 18 U . S . C . § 1 11 (b), and ass i gn ed a bas e off ense l evel for a gg ra vat ed a s s a ul tunde rU . S . S . G . § 2A 2. 2, a n e nha nc e m e ntunde r§ 3A 1. 2 ba s e d on the vi cti m ’ s off

i ci al st atus do es no tconst i tut e i m prop erdo ub l e c ou nt i ng . U ni t ed S t at es v. P ark, 98 8 F . 2d 10 7, 11 0 (11 th C i r. 19 93 ). A l tho ug h the gu i del i nes c om m e nt a r y e xpl a i ns tha tthe § 3A 1. 2 e nha nc e m e nts houl d nota ppl y “ i f the o f fe n s e g u id e lin e s p e c if

ic a lly in c o rp o r a te s th is fa c to r ,” th e c o m m e n ta r y g o e s o n to s ta te th a t “[ t]h e o n ly o f

fe n s e g u id e lin e in C h a p te rT w o th a t s p e c if ic a lly i nc or por a t e s thi s fa c t ori s § 2A 2. 4. ” U . S . S . G . § 3A 1. 2, c m t . n. 2. F ur the r m or e , the c o m m e n ta r y e x p la in s th a t th e a p p lic a tio n o f § 3 A 1 .2 a lo n g w ith § 2 A 2 .2 ( b ) ( 6 ) is i n t en d ed t o b e cu m u l at i v e. U . S . S . G . § 2 A 2 . 2 , cm t . n . 4 & b ack g ’ d . A cco rd i n g l y, th e d is tr ic t c o u r t d id n o t e r rb y a p p ly in g th is e n h a n c e m e n t.11

T h e § 2 A 2 .2 E n h a n c e m e n ts H u tc h in s c o n c e d e s th a t h e p le a d e d g u ilty to av io la tio n o f 1 8 U .S .C . § 111( b) , c om m i tt e d by m e a ns of ada nge r ous w e a pon. H e a l s o c onc e de s tha tthe c o u r t w a s o b lig a te d to a p p ly b o th th e b a s e o f fe n s e le v e l fo u n d in U .S .S .G . § 2A 2. 2(a) and t he enhancem entun der s ub se cti on (b)( 2). H ut chi ns ar gu es , ho w ever , tha tthe c our te r r e d by a ppl y i ng the e nha nc e m e ntunde r§ 2A 2( b) ( 2) ( C ) i n a ddi t i on t o the e nha nc e m e ntunde r§ 2A 2. 2( b) ( 6) a nd i t s c r os s - r e fe r e nc e , § 3A 1. 2. A ts e nt e nc i ng, H ut c hi ns di d notc ha l l e nge the di s tr i c tc our t ’ s a ppl i c a t i on of the enhancem entun der § 2A 2. 2(b)(2)(C), so w e r evi ew for pl ai n err or. S ee U ni t ed S t at es v. H al l , 31 4 F . 3d 56 5, 56 6 (11 th C i r. 20 02 ). A l tho ug h the di stri ct courtconcl ud ed thatthere w as no i nt entt o cause bo di l y har m , un der § 2 A 2 .2 ( b ) ( 2 ) ( C ) , th e g u id e lin e s in d ic a te th a t ath r e e - le v e l e n h a n c e m e n t is p r o p e rif th e d e fe n d a n t b r a n d is h e d o rth r e a te n e d th e u s e o f ad a n g e r o u s w e a p o n . U .S .S .G . § 2 A 2 .2 ( b ) ( 2 ) ( C ) . H e r e , th e c o u r t h e a r d te s tim o n y th a t H u tc h in s d r o v e th e c a ra t a hi gh spee d d i re ct l y t ow ar ds the offi ce rs . H e s t op ped j ustshortof the patrol car th e y s to o d b e h in d . E v e n if H u tc h in s d id n o t in te n d to in ju r e th e o f

f ic e r s , h is cond uctconst i tut ed a threa tof the use of adeadl y w eapo n. T hu s the di stri ctcourt di d n oterr by e nh anci ng H ut chi ns’ s s ent ence un der § 2A 2. 2(b)(2)(C). R ea sonabl enes s of S ent ence12

F i nal l y, H ut chi ns ar gu es thathi s s ent ence i s unrea sonabl e i n l i gh tof B oo ker be c a us e the c our te nha nc e d hi s s e nt e nc e ba s e d on fa c t s nota dm i tt e d by hi m a nd i ncre as ed hi s s ent ence despi t e the pl eaagre em ent s’ s c on di t i on thatthe se nt ence w o u l d n o ti n cl u d e an y u p w ard o r d o w n w ard d ep artu res. B ec ause H ut chi ns fa i l ed t o o bj ec tt o the al l eged err or before the di stri ct court , w e r evi ew for pl ai n err or. H al l , 31 4 F . 3d at56 6. A ft erB oo ker, thi s c ou rt r e vi e w s s e nt e nc e s forr e a s ona bl e ne s s . U ni t e d S t a t e s v. W i ni nge a r , 422 F . 3d 1241, 12 45 (11t h C i r. 20 05 ). In cond uct i ng thi s r evi ew , thi s c ou rtconsi ders the ent i re se nt ence for r ea sonabl enes s i n l i gh tof the se nt enci ng fa ct ors s etforth i n § 35 53 (a ). I d. A f t e rB ooke r , the di s tr i c tc our ti s s t i l l r e qui r e d t o c or r e c t l y c a l c ul a t e the gu i del i nes r ange, and the sa m e s t andards of re vi ew appl y. S ee L ee , 42 7 F . 3d at 8 9 2 . H u tc h in s b e a r s th e b u r d e n o f e s ta b lis h in g th a t h is s e n te n c e w a s u n r e a s o n a b le . U ni t ed S t at es v. T al l ey , 43 1 F . 3d 78 4 (11 th C i r. 20 05 ). A s a n i ni t i a l m a tt e r , H ut c hi ns a ppa r e nt l y fa i l s t o a ppr e c i a t e tha tunde rthe g u id e lin e s s e n te n c in g s c h e m e , s p e c if ic o f fe n s e c h a r a c te r is tic s a n d e n h a n c e m e n ts di f fe rf r om upw a r d ordow nw a r d de pa r tur e s . T he c our ti s r e qui r e d t o de t e r m i ne the c or r e c ts e nt e nc i ng r a nge by pr ope r l y a ppl y i ng the gui de l i ne s , i nc l udi ng c o n s id e r a tio n o f

a n y s p e c if

ic o f fe n s e c h a r a c te r is tic s , e n h a n c e m e n ts a n d r e d u c tio n s . S e e U . S . S . G . § 1B 1. 1, c m t . n. 1( E ) ( de f i ni ng de pa r tur e s ) ; § 1B 1. 3( a ) ( e xpl a i ni ng13

how t o c a l c ul a t e the a ppr opr i a t e gui de l i ne s r a nge ) . H e r e , the pl e aa gr e e m e nt in fo r m e d H u tc h in s th a t th e c o u r t w o u ld d e te r m in e h is s e n te n c e b a s e d o n its c a l c ul a t i on of

hi s gui de l i ne s r a nge , a nd the pa r t i e s a gr e e d tha tthe r e w oul d be no up w ar d o r dow nw ar d d epar tures . B ec ause the gu i del i nes c al cul ati on s i ncl ud ed e nha nc e m e nt s a nd of

fe ns e c ha r a c t e r i s t i c s butno de pa r tur e s , i tc om pl i e d w i th the te r m s o f th e p le aa g r e e m e n t. M oreover, the se nt ence i m po se d w as re as on abl e. F i rs tH ut chi ns w as s e nt e nc e d a tthe l ow e nd of the gui de l i ne s r a nge , a nd the gui de l i ne s r a nge i s one fa c to rth e c o u r t m u s t c o n s id e rin fa s h io n in g ar e a s o n a b le s e n te n c e . 1 8 U .S .C . § 3553( a ) . S e c ond, the c our te xpl a i ne d tha tthe s e nt e nc e w a s ne c e s s a r y t o ge tthe a tt e nt i on of

ay oung m a n w i th s e ve r a l j uve ni l e c onvi c t i ons a s w e l l a s t o r e f l e c tthe s e r io u s n e s s o f

th e o f fe n s e s a n d to p r o v id e aju s t a n d r e a s o n a b le p u n is h m e n t. T h i rd , th e sen t en ce fel l w el l b el o w th e st atu t o ry m ax i m u m p en al t y. A cco rd i n g l y, H ut chi ns has notm ethi s burden o f s ho w i ng thathi s s ent ence w as un re as on abl e. F or the foregoi ng re as on s, w e A F F I R M.