# Patent

## Title
HPV primers

## Abstract

The present invention provides methods, kits, and compositions related to human papillomavirus (HPV) primers, which may be used, for example, in nucleic acid detection assays for use in basic research, clinical research, and for the development of clinical detection assays.

## Background
The present application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/842,301, filed Sep. 5, 2006, which is herein incorporated by reference.


FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides methods, kits, and compositions related to human papillomavirus (HPV) primers, which may be used, for example, in nucleic acid detection assays for use in basic research, clinical research, and for the development of clinical detection assays.
BACKGROUND
Cervical cancer accounts for nearly 10% of all female cancers and is a leading cause of cancer among women in developing countries (Franco, E. L. et al., Can Med Assoc J. 2001; 164:1017-25). The regions with the highest incidence of the disease are generally those with the greatest mortality and include Central America, Africa, and the Carribean (Ferlay, J. et al., 1998. IARC CancerBase no. 3. Lyon:IARCPress.). Incidence in Europe and North America has declined precipitously over the past 50 years, possibly due to the advent of routine screening by Papanicolaou (Pap) smear testing (reviewed in Franco et al., ibid). Cervical cancer is one of the most preventable cancers, with survival being directly related to the stage of the disease at diagnosis. The 5-year survival rate is 88% for women having initial diagnosis of localized disease as opposed to 13% for women diagnosed with distant disease (Report of the Gynecologic Cancers Progress Review Group, November 2001, National Cancer Institute). More than 50% of women diagnosed with cervical cancer in the U.S. have not had a Pap smear in the past three years (Wright, T. C. et al., JAMA. 2000; 283:81-6).
Pap screening remains the predominant mode of detecting cancerous and precancerous cervical lesions; more than 50 million women undergo Pap screening each year in the U.S. (Wright, T. C. et al., JAMA 2002; 287:2120-29). Despite its widespread use, Pap smear testing is only partially effective; some estimates place the sensitivity of conventional Pap smear testing at 50-60% (Lorincz, A. T. and Richart, R. M., (Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2003; 127:959-68; Nanda, K. et al., 2000. Ann Intern Med 132:810.; Fahey M T, et al. Am J Epidemiol. 1995; 141:680-9; Myers E R, McCrory D C, Subramanian S, et al. Obstet Gynecol. 2000; 96:645-52.) or 70-80% (Clavel, C. et al., 2001. Br J Cancer 84:1616). Recent innovations in cytological screening and sampling, such as liquid-based tests, have improved the sensitivity of these methods to 75-95% (Lorincz, A. T. et al. ibid; Nanda, K. et al., ibid.; Hutchinson M L, Zahniser D J, Sherman M E, et al. Cancer. 1999; 87:48-55.). Nonetheless, even these improved methods fail to detect a significant portion of abnormal, and often precancerous, cells. Once identified, patients with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) are subjected to various levels of monitoring and treatment, depending on the particular attendant risk factors and clinical presentation (reviewed in Wright, T. C. et al. JAMA 2002, ibid).
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) has been identified as the primary, and possibly only, cause of cervical cancer (Munoz N, Bosch F X, de Sanjosé S, et al., Int J Cancer 1992; 52:743-9; Bosch F X, Lorincz A, Munoz N, Meijer Shah K V., Clin Pathol 2002; 55:244-65), implicated in as many as 99.7% of all cases (Wallboomers, J. M. et al., 1999. J Pathol 189:12-19). The HPV genome is an 8 kb, circular, double stranded DNA comprising 8 genes, all encoded on the same strand. As many as 200 different HPV types have been identified in humans (Burd, E. M. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2003; 16:1-17); of these approximately 40 types have been found capable of infecting the genital tract (Munoz, N. N Engl J Med 2003; 348:518-27.). Still further classification has resulted in the identification of high- and low-risk viral types for development of cervical cancer. Estimates place the number of high-risk types between 13-19 strains, with two strains, HPV 16 and 18 together accounting for as much as 55-85% of infections, depending on subject age and geographical location (Munoz, N., ibid). The predominant low-risk strains are HPV 6 and 11; these may lead to genital warts (reviewed in Burd, E. M., ibid).
The elucidation of certain high risk HPV strains as the causative agents of cervical cancer, coupled with advances in molecular biological methods, has expanded the spectrum of methods available for both preventing and detecting HPV infection. Vaccines for the most common high-risk HPV strains are currently in clinical trials (Koutsky, L A. et al., 2002. NEJM 347:1645-51). Moreover, some authorities are calling for HPV DNA screening for use in conjunction with, or in some cases, in lieu of, conventional cytological methods (Wright, T. C. and Schiffman, M. N. Engl. J. Med, 2003; 348: 489-90). Various alternative DNA-based detection methods have been introduced, including the HYBRID CAPTURE II (HCII) test (Digene, Gaithersburg, Md.), which was been approved by the FDA in March, 1999. The HYBRID CAPTURE method relies on hybridization of target DNA to complementary RNA probes. The resultant RNA-DNA hybrids are recognized by surface-bound antibodies as well as antibodies conjugated to alkaline phosphatase, allowing generation of a chemiluminescent signal in the presence of appropriate substrates (Lorincz, A. T. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 1996; 22:629-36; also U.S. Pat. No. 4,908,306 and related patents and applications). Further alternative methods include the use of sequence specific probes for use in PCR or sandwich hybridization assays, such as those described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,583,278. Other methods rely on various PCR primers for selective amplification of specific strains, as in U.S. Pat. No. 5,447,839 and related applications. Still other methods rely on in situ hybridization of sequence-specific probes to isolated cervical cells, described in WO 00/24760A1 (e.g. INFORM HPV, Ventana Medical Systems, Inc., Tuscon, Ariz.; Qureshi M N et al., Diagn. Cytopathol. 2003; 29:149-155).
Therefore, there exists a need for a rapid, sensitive, and highly quantitative direct detection assay for detecting HPV infection by high risk strains in cervical samples. Given the current reliance on molecular methods, it is likely that there will be an ongoing and increasing need for rapid, quantitative methods of detecting HPV infection.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides methods, kits, and compositions related to human papillomavirus (HPV) primers, which may be used, for example, in nucleic acid detection assays for use in basic research, clinical research, and for the development of clinical detection assays.
In some embodiments, the present invention provides compositions comprising an isolated nucleic acid sequence, wherein the nucleic acid sequence is 70 (e.g., 60 . . . 50 . . . 40 . . . or 30) bases in length or less, and wherein the nucleic acid sequence comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from the group consisting of: SEQ ID NOs:1-123 and 142-154. In other embodiments, the nucleic acid sequence consists of one of the nucleotide sequences shown in SEQ ID NOs:1-123 and 142-154. In certain embodiments, the nucleic acid sequence is 40 bases in length or less. In further embodiments, the nucleic acid sequence is 30 bases in length or less. In particular embodiments, the present invention includes sequences sharing at least 70% sequence identity (e.g., 75%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 98%, or 99%) with any of the above sequences.
In particular embodiments, the compositions further comprise a second isolated nucleic acid sequence different from the isolated nucleic acid sequence, wherein the second nucleic acid sequence is 70 bases in length or less, and wherein the second nucleic acid sequence comprises one of the nucleotide sequences shown in SEQ ID NOs:1-123 and 142-154. In other embodiments, the compositions further comprise at least 5 . . . 10 . . . 15 . . . 20 . . . 50 . . . 100 . . . or 125 additional isolated nucleic acid sequences, wherein the additional nucleic acid sequences are 70 bases in length or less, and wherein the additional nucleic acid sequence each comprises one of the nucleotide sequences shown in SEQ ID NOs:1-123 and 142-154.
In certain embodiments, the present invention provides kits comprising an isolated nucleic acid sequence, wherein the nucleic acid sequence is 70 bases (or 60 . . . 50 . . . 40 . . . or 30 bases) in length or less, and wherein the nucleic acid sequence comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from the group consisting of: SEQ ID NOs:1-123 and 142-154. In other embodiments, the nucleic acid sequence consists of one of the nucleotide sequences shown in SEQ ID NOs:1-123 and 142-154. In further embodiments, the nucleic acid sequence is 40 bases in length or less. In other embodiments, the nucleic acid sequence is 30 bases in length or less.
In some embodiments, the kits further comprise a second isolated nucleic acid sequence different from the isolated nucleic acid sequence, wherein the second nucleic acid sequence is 60 bases in length or less, and wherein the second nucleic acid sequence comprises one of the nucleotide sequences shown in SEQ ID NOs:1-123 and 142-154. In certain embodiments, the kits further comprise at least 20 . . . 40 . . . 60 . . . 80 . . . 100 . . . or 120 additional isolated nucleic acid sequences, wherein the additional nucleic acid sequences are 60 bases in length or less, and wherein the additional nucleic acid sequence each comprises one of the nucleotide sequences shown in SEQ ID NOs:1-123 and 142-154.
In some embodiments, the present invention provides methods for detecting at least one HPV sequence in a sample, comprising using at least one nucleic acid sequence comprising a nucleotide sequence selected from the group consisting of: SEQ ID NOs:1-123 and 142-154. In certain embodiments, the nucleic acid sequence is 60 bases in length or less. In certain embodiments, the detecting allows typing of the HPC sequence. In particular embodiments, the using comprises sequencing with the nucleic acid sequence. In other embodiments, the using comprises amplifying the HPV sequence with the nucleic acid sequence.
In some embodiments, the detected and/or typed HPV sequences are any of those found below in Table 1 or variants thereof (the sequences of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entireties). It is understood that sequences will diverge over time and that other HPV varieties, now know, or later discovered are readily adaptable to the methods and composition of the present invention, per the description herein.










TABLE 1







strain
accession









 1a
NC_001356



 1a
U06714



 2a
X55964



 3
NC_001588



 3
X74462



 4
NC_001457



 4
X70827



 5
M17463



 5
NC_001531



 5b
D90252



 5b
NC_001444



 6a
L41216



 6a
NC_001668



 6b
NC_001355



 6
AF092932



 6
NC_000904



 7
M12588



 7
NC_001595



 7
X74463



 8
M12737



 8
NC_001532



 9
NC_001596



 9
X74464



10
NC_001576



10
X74465



11
J04351



11
M14119



11
NC_001525



12
NC_001577



12
X74466



13
NC_001349



13
X62843



14d
NC_001578



14d
X74467



15
NC_001579



15
X74468



16
AF125673



16
AF472508



16
AF472509



16
K02718



16
NC_001526



16
U89348



17
NC_001580



17
X74469



18
NC_001357



18
X05015



18
X05349



19
NC_001581



19
X74470



20
NC_001679



20
U31778



21
NC_001680



21
U31779



22
NC_001681



22
U31780



23
NC_001682



23
U31781



24
NC_001683



24
U31782



25
NC_001582



25
X74471



26
NC_001583



26
X74472



27
NC_001584



27
X74473



28
NC_001684



28
U31783



29
NC_001685



29
U31784



30
NC_001585



30
X74474



31
J04353



31
NC_001527



32
NC_001586



32
X74475



33
M12732



33
NC_001528



34
NC_001587



34
X74476



35
M74117



35
NC_001529



35h
X74477



36
NC_001686



36
U31785



37
NC_001687



37
U31786



38
NC_001688



38
U31787



39
M62849



39
AF548856



39
AF548857



39
NC_001535



40
NC_001589



40
X74478



41
NC_001354



41
X56147



42
NC_001534



42
M73236



43
U12504



43
Y12214



44
NC_001689



44
U31788



45
NC_001590



45
X74479



47
M32305



47
NC_001530



48
NC_001690



48
U31789



49
NC_001591



49
X74480



50
NC_001691



50
U31790



51
M62877



51
NC_001533



52
NC_001592



52
X74481



53
NC_001593



53
X74482



54
AF436129



54
NC_001676



54
U37488



55
NC_001692



55
U31791



56
NC_001594



56
X74483



57
NC_001353



57
X55965



57b
U37537



58
D90400



58
NC_001443



59
NC_001635



59
X77858



60
NC_001693



60
U31792



61
NC_001694



61
U31793



62
U12499



63
NC_001458



63
X70828



64
U12495



65
NC_001459



65
X70829



66
NC_001695



66
U31794



67
D21208



68
M73258



68
Y14591



69
AB027020



69
NC_002171



70
NC_001711



70
U21941



71
AB040456



71
NC_002644



72
X94164



73
X94165



74
AF436130



74
NC_004501



75
Y15173



76
Y15174



77
Y15175



80
Y15176



82
AB027021



82
AF293961



82
NC_002172



83
AF151983



83
NC_000856



84
AF293960



84
NC_002676



85
AF131950



86
AF349909



86
NC_003115



87
AJ400628



87
NC_002627



89
NC_004103



90
AY057438



90
NC_004104



91
AF419318



91
AF436128



91
NC_004085



92
AF531420



92
NC_004500



RXRX7
U85660










DEFINITIONS
To facilitate an understanding of the present invention, a number of terms and phrases are defined below:
As used herein, the terms “subject” and “patient” refer to any organisms including plants, microorganisms and animals (e.g., mammals such as dogs, cats, livestock, and humans).
As used herein, the term “INVADER assay reagents” refers to one or more reagents for detecting target sequences, said reagents comprising oligonucleotides capable of forming an invasive cleavage structure in the presence of the target sequence. In some embodiments, the INVADER assay reagents further comprise an agent for detecting the presence of an invasive cleavage structure (e.g., a cleavage agent). In some embodiments, the oligonucleotides comprise first and second oligonucleotides, said first oligonucleotide comprising a 5′ portion complementary to a first region of the target nucleic acid and said second oligonucleotide comprising a 3′ portion and a 5′ portion, said 5′ portion complementary to a second region of the target nucleic acid downstream of and contiguous to the first portion. In some embodiments, the 3′ portion of the second oligonucleotide comprises a 3′ terminal nucleotide not complementary to the target nucleic acid. In preferred embodiments, the 3′ portion of the second oligonucleotide consists of a single nucleotide not complementary to the target nucleic acid.
In some embodiments, INVADER assay reagents are configured to detect a target nucleic acid sequence comprising first and second non-contiguous single-stranded regions separated by an intervening region comprising a double-stranded region. In preferred embodiments, the INVADER assay reagents comprise a bridging oligonucleotide capable of binding to said first and second non-contiguous single-stranded regions of a target nucleic acid sequence. In particularly preferred embodiments, either or both of said first or said second oligonucleotides of said INVADER assay reagents are bridging oligonucleotides.
In some embodiments, the INVADER assay reagents further comprise a solid support. For example, in some embodiments, the one or more oligonucleotides of the assay reagents (e.g., first and/or second oligonucleotide, whether bridging or non-bridging) is attached to said solid support. In some embodiments, the INVADER assay reagents further comprise a buffer solution. In some preferred embodiments, the buffer solution comprises a source of divalent cations (e.g., Mn2+ and/or Mg2+ ions). Individual ingredients (e.g., oligonucleotides, enzymes, buffers, target nucleic acids) that collectively make up INVADER assay reagents are termed “INVADER assay reagent components.”
In some embodiments, the INVADER assay reagents further comprise a third oligonucleotide complementary to a third portion of the target nucleic acid upstream of the first portion of the first target nucleic acid. In yet other embodiments, the INVADER assay reagents further comprise a target nucleic acid. In some embodiments, the INVADER assay reagents further comprise a second target nucleic acid. In yet other embodiments, the INVADER assay reagents further comprise a third oligonucleotide comprising a 5′ portion complementary to a first region of the second target nucleic acid. In some specific embodiments, the 3′ portion of the third oligonucleotide is covalently linked to the second target nucleic acid. In other specific embodiments, the second target nucleic acid further comprises a 5′ portion, wherein the 5′ portion of the second target nucleic acid is the third oligonucleotide. In still other embodiments, the INVADER assay reagents further comprise an ARRESTOR molecule (e.g., ARRESTOR oligonucleotide).
In some preferred embodiments, the INVADER assay reagents further comprise reagents for detecting a nucleic acid cleavage product. In some embodiments, one or more oligonucleotides in the INVADER assay reagents comprise a label. In some preferred embodiments, said first oligonucleotide comprises a label. In other preferred embodiments, said third oligonucleotide comprises a label. In particularly preferred embodiments, the reagents comprise a first and/or a third oligonucleotide labeled with moieties that produce a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) effect.
In some embodiments one or more the INVADER assay reagents may be provided in a predispensed format (i.e., premeasured for use in a step of the procedure without re-measurement or re-dispensing). In some embodiments, selected INVADER assay reagent components are mixed and predispensed together. In preferred embodiments, predispensed assay reagent components are predispensed and are provided in a reaction vessel (including but not limited to a reaction tube or a well, as in, e.g., a microtiter plate). In particularly preferred embodiments, predispensed INVADER assay reagent components are dried down (e.g., desiccated or lyophilized) in a reaction vessel.
In some embodiments, the INVADER assay reagents are provided as a kit. As used herein, the term “kit” refers to any delivery system for delivering materials. In the context of reaction assays, such delivery systems include systems that allow for the storage, transport, or delivery of reaction reagents (e.g., oligonucleotides, enzymes, etc. in the appropriate containers) and/or supporting materials (e.g., buffers, written instructions for performing the assay etc.) from one location to another. For example, kits include one or more enclosures (e.g., boxes) containing the relevant reaction reagents and/or supporting materials. As used herein, the term “fragmented kit” refers to delivery systems comprising two or more separate containers that each contains a subportion of the total kit components. The containers may be delivered to the intended recipient together or separately. For example, a first container may contain an enzyme for use in an assay, while a second container contains oligonucleotides. The term “fragmented kit” is intended to encompass kits containing Analyte specific reagents (ASR's) regulated under section 520(e) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, but are not limited thereto. Indeed, any delivery system comprising two or more separate containers that each contains a subportion of the total kit components are included in the term “fragmented kit.” In contrast, a “combined kit” refers to a delivery system containing all of the components of a reaction assay in a single container (e.g., in a single box housing each of the desired components). The term “kit” includes both fragmented and combined kits.
In some embodiments, the present invention provides INVADER assay reagent kits comprising one or more of the components necessary for practicing the present invention. For example, the present invention provides kits for storing or delivering the enzymes and/or the reaction components necessary to practice an INVADER assay. The kit may include any and all components necessary or desired for assays including, but not limited to, the reagents themselves, buffers, control reagents (e.g., tissue samples, positive and negative control target oligonucleotides, etc.), solid supports, labels, written and/or pictorial instructions and product information, software (e.g., for collecting and analyzing data), inhibitors, labeling and/or detection reagents, package environmental controls (e.g., ice, desiccants, etc.), and the like. In some embodiments, the kits provide a sub-set of the required components, wherein it is expected that the user will supply the remaining components. In some embodiments, the kits comprise two or more separate containers wherein each container houses a subset of the components to be delivered. For example, a first container (e.g., box) may contain an enzyme (e.g., structure specific cleavage enzyme in a suitable storage buffer and container), while a second box may contain oligonucleotides (e.g., INVADER oligonucleotides, probe oligonucleotides, control target oligonucleotides, etc.).
The term “label” as used herein refers to any atom or molecule that can be used to provide a detectable (preferably quantifiable) effect, and that can be attached to a nucleic acid or protein. Labels include but are not limited to dyes; radiolabels such as 32P; binding moieties such as biotin; haptens such as digoxygenin; luminogenic, phosphorescent or fluorogenic moieties; mass tags; and fluorescent dyes alone or in combination with moieties that can suppress or shift emission spectra by fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). Labels may provide signals detectable by fluorescence, radioactivity, colorimetry, gravimetry, X-ray diffraction or absorption, magnetism, enzymatic activity, characteristics of mass or behavior affected by mass (e.g., MALDI time-of-flight mass spectrometry), and the like. A label may be a charged moiety (positive or negative charge) or alternatively, may be charge neutral. Labels can include or consist of nucleic acid or protein sequence, so long as the sequence comprising the label is detectable.
As used herein, the term “distinct” in reference to signals refers to signals that can be differentiated one from another, e.g., by spectral properties such as fluorescence emission wavelength, color, absorbance, mass, size, fluorescence polarization properties, charge, etc., or by capability of interaction with another moiety, such as with a chemical reagent, an enzyme, an antibody, etc.
As used herein, the terms “complementary” or “complementarity” are used in reference to polynucleotides (i.e., a sequence of nucleotides such as an oligonucleotide or a target nucleic acid) related by the base-pairing rules. For example, for the sequence “5′-A-G-T-3′,” is complementary to the sequence “3′-T-C-A-5′.” Complementarity may be “partial,” in which only some of the nucleic acids' bases are matched according to the base pairing rules. Or, there may be “complete” or “total” complementarity between the nucleic acids. The degree of complementarity between nucleic acid strands has significant effects on the efficiency and strength of hybridization between nucleic acid strands. This is of particular importance in amplification reactions, as well as detection methods that depend upon binding between nucleic acids. Either term may also be used in reference to individual nucleotides, especially within the context of polynucleotides. For example, a particular nucleotide within an oligonucleotide may be noted for its complementarity, or lack thereof, to a nucleotide within another nucleic acid strand, in contrast or comparison to the complementarity between the rest of the oligonucleotide and the nucleic acid strand.
The term “homology” and “homologous” refers to a degree of identity. There may be partial homology or complete homology. A partially homologous sequence is one that is less than 100% identical to another sequence.
As used herein, the term “hybridization” is used in reference to the pairing of complementary nucleic acids. Hybridization and the strength of hybridization (i.e., the strength of the association between the nucleic acids) is influenced by such factors as the degree of complementary between the nucleic acids, stringency of the conditions involved, and the Tm of the formed hybrid. “Hybridization” methods involve the annealing of one nucleic acid to another, complementary nucleic acid, i.e., a nucleic acid having a complementary nucleotide sequence. The ability of two polymers of nucleic acid containing complementary sequences to find each other and anneal through base pairing interaction is a well-recognized phenomenon. The initial observations of the “hybridization” process by Marmur and Lane, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 46:453 (1960) and Doty et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 46:461 (1960) have been followed by the refinement of this process into an essential tool of modern biology.
The complement of a nucleic acid sequence as used herein refers to an oligonucleotide which, when aligned with the nucleic acid sequence such that the 5′ end of one sequence is paired with the 3′ end of the other, is in “antiparallel association.” Certain bases not commonly found in natural nucleic acids may be included in the nucleic acids of the present invention and include, for example, inosine and 7-deazaguanine. Complementarity need not be perfect; stable duplexes may contain mismatched base pairs or unmatched bases. Those skilled in the art of nucleic acid technology can determine duplex stability empirically considering a number of variables including, for example, the length of the oligonucleotide, base composition and sequence of the oligonucleotide, ionic strength and incidence of mismatched base pairs.
As used herein, the term “Tm” is used in reference to the “melting temperature.” The melting temperature is the temperature at which a population of double-stranded nucleic acid molecules becomes half dissociated into single strands. Several equations for calculating the Tm of nucleic acids are well known in the art. As indicated by standard references, a simple estimate of the Tm value may be calculated by the equation: Tm=81.5+0.41 (% G+C), when a nucleic acid is in aqueous solution at 1 M NaCl (see e.g., Anderson and Young, Quantitative Filter Hybridization, in Nucleic Acid Hybridization (1985). Other references (e.g., Allawi, H. T. & SantaLucia, J., Jr. Thermodynamics and NMR of internal G.T mismatches in DNA. Biochemistry 36, 10581-94 (1997) include more sophisticated computations which take structural and environmental, as well as sequence characteristics into account for the calculation of Tm.
The term “gene” refers to a DNA sequence that comprises control and coding sequences necessary for the production of an RNA having a non-coding function (e.g., a ribosomal or transfer RNA), a polypeptide or a precursor. The RNA or polypeptide can be encoded by a full length coding sequence or by any portion of the coding sequence so long as the desired activity or function is retained.
The term “wild-type” refers to a gene or a gene product that has the characteristics of that gene or gene product when isolated from a naturally occurring source. A wild-type gene is that which is most frequently observed in a population and is thus arbitrarily designated the “normal” or “wild-type” form of the gene. In contrast, the term “modified”, “mutant” or “polymorphic” refers to a gene or gene product which displays modifications in sequence and or functional properties (i.e., altered characteristics) when compared to the wild-type gene or gene product. It is noted that naturally-occurring mutants can be isolated; these are identified by the fact that they have altered characteristics when compared to the wild-type gene or gene product.
The term “recombinant DNA vector” as used herein refers to DNA sequences containing a desired heterologous sequence. For example, although the term is not limited to the use of expressed sequences or sequences that encode an expression product, in some embodiments, the heterologous sequence is a coding sequence and appropriate DNA sequences necessary for either the replication of the coding sequence in a host organism, or the expression of the operably linked coding sequence in a particular host organism. DNA sequences necessary for expression in prokaryotes include a promoter, optionally an operator sequence, a ribosome binding site and possibly other sequences. Eukaryotic cells are known to utilize promoters, polyadenlyation signals and enhancers.
The term “oligonucleotide” as used herein is defined as a molecule comprising two or more deoxyribonucleotides or ribonucleotides, preferably at least 5 nucleotides, more preferably at least about 10-15 nucleotides and more preferably at least about 15 to 30 nucleotides or more. The exact size will depend on many factors, which in turn depend on the ultimate function or use of the oligonucleotide. The oligonucleotide may be generated in any manner, including chemical synthesis, DNA replication, reverse transcription, PCR, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, oligonucleotides that form invasive cleavage structures are generated in a reaction (e.g., by extension of a primer in an enzymatic extension reaction).
Because mononucleotides are reacted to make oligonucleotides in a manner such that the 5′ phosphate of one mononucleotide pentose ring is attached to the 3′ oxygen of its neighbor in one direction via a phosphodiester linkage, an end of an oligonucleotide is referred to as the “5′ end” if its 5′ phosphate is not linked to the 3′ oxygen of a mononucleotide pentose ring and as the “3′ end” if its 3′ oxygen is not linked to a 5′ phosphate of a subsequent mononucleotide pentose ring. As used herein, a nucleic acid sequence, even if internal to a larger oligonucleotide, also may be said to have 5′ and 3′ ends. A first region along a nucleic acid strand is said to be upstream of another region if the 3′ end of the first region is before the 5′ end of the second region when moving along a strand of nucleic acid in a 5′ to 3′ direction.
When two different, non-overlapping oligonucleotides anneal to different regions of the same linear complementary nucleic acid sequence, and the 3′ end of one oligonucleotide points towards the 5′ end of the other, the former may be called the “upstream” oligonucleotide and the latter the “downstream” oligonucleotide. Similarly, when two overlapping oligonucleotides are hybridized to the same linear complementary nucleic acid sequence, with the first oligonucleotide positioned such that its 5′ end is upstream of the 5′ end of the second oligonucleotide, and the 3′ end of the first oligonucleotide is upstream of the 3′ end of the second oligonucleotide, the first oligonucleotide may be called the “upstream” oligonucleotide and the second oligonucleotide may be called the “downstream” oligonucleotide.
The term “primer” refers to an oligonucleotide that is capable of acting as a point of initiation of synthesis when placed under conditions in which primer extension is initiated. An oligonucleotide “primer” may occur naturally, as in a purified restriction digest or may be produced synthetically.
A primer is selected to be “substantially” complementary to a strand of specific sequence of the template. A primer must be sufficiently complementary to hybridize with a template strand for primer elongation to occur. A primer sequence need not reflect the exact sequence of the template. For example, a non-complementary nucleotide fragment may be attached to the 5′ end of the primer, with the remainder of the primer sequence being substantially complementary to the strand. Non-complementary bases or longer sequences can be interspersed into the primer, provided that the primer sequence has sufficient complementarity with the sequence of the template to hybridize and thereby form a template primer complex for synthesis of the extension product of the primer.
The term “cleavage structure” as used herein, refers to a structure that is formed by the interaction of at least one probe oligonucleotide and a target nucleic acid, forming a structure comprising a duplex, the resulting structure being cleavable by a cleavage means, including but not limited to an enzyme. The cleavage structure is a substrate for specific cleavage by the cleavage means in contrast to a nucleic acid molecule that is a substrate for non-specific cleavage by agents such as phosphodiesterases which cleave nucleic acid molecules without regard to secondary structure (i.e., no formation of a duplexed structure is required).
The term “cleavage means” or “cleavage agent” as used herein refers to any means that is capable of cleaving a cleavage structure, including but not limited to enzymes. “Structure-specific nucleases” or “structure-specific enzymes” are enzymes that recognize specific secondary structures in a nucleic molecule and cleave these structures. The cleavage means of the invention cleave a nucleic acid molecule in response to the formation of cleavage structures; it is not necessary that the cleavage means cleave the cleavage structure at any particular location within the cleavage structure.
The cleavage means may include nuclease activity provided from a variety of sources including the Cleavase enzymes, the FEN-1 endonucleases (including RAD2 and XPG proteins), Taq DNA polymerase and E. coli DNA polymerase I. The cleavage means may include enzymes having 5′ nuclease activity (e.g., Taq DNA polymerase (DNAP), E. coli DNA polymerase I). The cleavage means may also include modified DNA polymerases having 5′ nuclease activity but lacking synthetic activity. Examples of cleavage means suitable for use in the method and kits of the present invention are provided in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,614,402; 5,795,763; 5,843,669; 6,090; PCT Appln. Nos WO 98/23774; WO 02/070755A2; and WO0190337A2, each of which is herein incorporated by reference it its entirety.
The term “thermostable” when used in reference to an enzyme, such as a 5′ nuclease, indicates that the enzyme is functional or active (i.e., can perform catalysis) at an elevated temperature, i.e., at about 55° C. or higher.
The term “cleavage products” as used herein, refers to products generated by the reaction of a cleavage means with a cleavage structure (i.e., the treatment of a cleavage structure with a cleavage means).
The term “target nucleic acid” refers to a nucleic acid molecule containing a sequence that has at least partial complementarity with at least a probe oligonucleotide and may also have at least partial complementarity with an INVADER oligonucleotide. The target nucleic acid may comprise single- or double-stranded DNA or RNA.
The term “non-target cleavage product” refers to a product of a cleavage reaction that is not derived from the target nucleic acid. As discussed above, in the methods of the present invention, cleavage of the cleavage structure generally occurs within the probe oligonucleotide. The fragments of the probe oligonucleotide generated by this target nucleic acid-dependent cleavage are “non-target cleavage products.”
The term “probe oligonucleotide” refers to an oligonucleotide that interacts with a target nucleic acid to form a cleavage structure in the presence or absence of an INVADER oligonucleotide. When annealed to the target nucleic acid, the probe oligonucleotide and target form a cleavage structure and cleavage occurs within the probe oligonucleotide.
The term “INVADER oligonucleotide” refers to an oligonucleotide that hybridizes to a target nucleic acid at a location near the region of hybridization between a probe and the target nucleic acid, wherein the INVADER oligonucleotide comprises a portion (e.g., a chemical moiety, or nucleotide-whether complementary to that target or not) that overlaps with the region of hybridization between the probe and target. In some embodiments, the INVADER oligonucleotide contains sequences at its 3′ end that are substantially the same as sequences located at the 5′ end of a probe oligonucleotide.
The term “cassette” as used herein refers to an oligonucleotide or combination of oligonucleotides configured to generate a detectable signal in response to cleavage of a probe oligonucleotide in an INVADER assay. In preferred embodiments, the cassette hybridizes to a non-target cleavage product from cleavage of the probe oligonucleotide to form a second invasive cleavage structure, such that the cassette can then be cleaved.
In some embodiments, the cassette is a single oligonucleotide comprising a hairpin portion (i.e., a region wherein one portion of the cassette oligonucleotide hybridizes to a second portion of the same oligonucleotide under reaction conditions, to form a duplex). In other embodiments, a cassette comprises at least two oligonucleotides comprising complementary portions that can form a duplex under reaction conditions. In preferred embodiments, the cassette comprises a label. In particularly preferred embodiments, cassette comprises labeled moieties that produce a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) effect.
The term “substantially single-stranded” when used in reference to a nucleic acid substrate means that the substrate molecule exists primarily as a single strand of nucleic acid in contrast to a double-stranded substrate which exists as two strands of nucleic acid which are held together by inter-strand base pairing interactions.
As used herein, the phrase “non-amplified oligonucleotide detection assay” refers to a detection assay configured to detect the presence or absence of a particular polymorphism (e.g., SNP, repeat sequence, etc.) in a target sequence (e.g. genomic DNA) that has not been amplified (e.g. by PCR), without creating copies of the target sequence. A “non-amplified oligonucleotide detection assay” may, for example, amplify a signal used to indicate the presence or absence of a particular polymorphism in a target sequence, so long as the target sequence is not copied.
The term “sequence variation” as used herein refers to differences in nucleic acid sequence between two nucleic acids. For example, a wild-type structural gene and a mutant form of this wild-type structural gene may vary in sequence by the presence of single base substitutions and/or deletions or insertions of one or more nucleotides. These two forms of the structural gene are said to vary in sequence from one another. A second mutant form of the structural gene may exist. This second mutant form is said to vary in sequence from both the wild-type gene and the first mutant form of the gene.
The term “liberating” as used herein refers to the release of a nucleic acid fragment from a larger nucleic acid fragment, such as an oligonucleotide, by the action of, for example, a 5′ nuclease such that the released fragment is no longer covalently attached to the remainder of the oligonucleotide.
The term “Km” as used herein refers to the Michaelis-Menten constant for an enzyme and is defined as the concentration of the specific substrate at which a given enzyme yields one-half its maximum velocity in an enzyme catalyzed reaction.
The term “nucleotide analog” as used herein refers to modified or non-naturally occurring nucleotides including but not limited to analogs that have altered stacking interactions such as 7-deaza purines (i.e., 7-deaza-dATP and 7-deaza-dGTP); base analogs with alternative hydrogen bonding configurations (e.g., such as Iso-C and Iso-G and other non-standard base pairs described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,001,983 to S. Benner); non-hydrogen bonding analogs (e.g., non-polar, aromatic nucleoside analogs such as 2,4-difluorotoluene, described by B. A. Schweitzer and E. T. Kool, J. Org. Chem., 1994, 59, 7238-7242, B. A. Schweitzer and E. T. Kool, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1995, 117, 1863-1872); “universal” bases such as 5-nitroindole and 3-nitropyrrole; and universal purines and pyrimidines (such as “K” and “P” nucleotides, respectively; P. Kong, et al., Nucleic Acids Res., 1989, 17, 10373-10383, P. Kong et al., Nucleic Acids Res., 1992, 20, 5149-5152). Nucleotide analogs include comprise modified forms of deoxyribonucleotides as well as ribonucleotides.
The term “polymorphic locus” is a locus present in a population that shows variation between members of the population (e.g., the most common allele has a frequency of less than 0.95). In contrast, a “monomorphic locus” is a genetic locus at little or no variations seen between members of the population (generally taken to be a locus at which the most common allele exceeds a frequency of 0.95 in the gene pool of the population).
The term “microorganism” as used herein means an organism too small to be observed with the unaided eye and includes, but is not limited to bacteria, virus, protozoans, fungi, and ciliates.
The term “microbial gene sequences” refers to gene sequences derived from a microorganism.
The term “bacteria” refers to any bacterial species including eubacterial and archaebacterial species.
As used herein, the terms “high-risk HPV strains” or “high-risk HPV types” refer to those strains of HPV that have been found in cancers (e.g., carcinomas). These HPV strains include HPV types 16, 18, 30, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 67, 68, 69 and 70.
The term “virus” refers to obligate, ultramicroscopic, intracellular parasites incapable of autonomous replication (i.e., replication requires the use of the host cell's machinery).
The term “multi-drug resistant” or “multiple-drug resistant” refers to a microorganism that is resistant to more than one of the antibiotics or antimicrobial agents used in the treatment of said microorganism.
The term “sample” in the present specification and claims is used in its broadest sense. On the one hand it is meant to include a specimen or culture (e.g., microbiological cultures). On the other hand, it is meant to include both biological and environmental samples. A sample may include a specimen of synthetic origin.
Biological samples may be animal, including human, fluid, solid (e.g., stool) or tissue, as well as liquid and solid food and feed products and ingredients such as dairy items, vegetables, meat and meat by-products, and waste. Biological samples may be obtained from all of the various families of domestic animals, as well as feral or wild animals, including, but not limited to, such animals as ungulates, bear, fish, lagamorphs, rodents, etc.
Environmental samples include environmental material such as surface matter, soil, water and industrial samples, as well as samples obtained from food and dairy processing instruments, apparatus, equipment, utensils, disposable and non-disposable items. These examples are not to be construed as limiting the sample types applicable to the present invention.
The term “source of target nucleic acid” refers to any sample that contains nucleic acids (RNA or DNA). Particularly preferred sources of target nucleic acids are biological samples including, but not limited to blood, saliva, cerebral spinal fluid, pleural fluid, milk, lymph, sputum and semen.
An oligonucleotide is said to be present in “excess” relative to another oligonucleotide (or target nucleic acid sequence) if that oligonucleotide is present at a higher molar concentration that the other oligonucleotide (or target nucleic acid sequence). When an oligonucleotide such as a probe oligonucleotide is present in a cleavage reaction in excess relative to the concentration of the complementary target nucleic acid sequence, the reaction may be used to indicate the amount of the target nucleic acid present. Typically, when present in excess, the probe oligonucleotide will be present at least a 100-fold molar excess; typically at least 1 pmole of each probe oligonucleotide would be used when the target nucleic acid sequence was present at about 10 fmoles or less.
A sample “suspected of containing” a first and a second target nucleic acid may contain either, both or neither target nucleic acid molecule.
The term “reactant” is used herein in its broadest sense. The reactant can comprise, for example, an enzymatic reactant, a chemical reactant or light (e.g., ultraviolet light, particularly short wavelength ultraviolet light is known to break oligonucleotide chains). Any agent capable of reacting with an oligonucleotide to either shorten (i.e., cleave) or elongate the oligonucleotide is encompassed within the term “reactant.”
As used herein, the term “purified” or “to purify” refers to the removal of contaminants from a sample. For example, recombinant CLEAVASE nucleases are expressed in bacterial host cells and the nucleases are purified by the removal of host cell proteins; the percent of these recombinant nucleases is thereby increased in the sample.
As used herein the term “portion” when in reference to a protein (as in “a portion of a given protein”) refers to fragments of that protein. The fragments may range in size from four amino acid residues to the entire amino acid sequence minus one amino acid (e.g., 4, 5, 6, . . . , n−1).
The term “nucleic acid sequence” as used herein refers to an oligonucleotide, nucleotide or polynucleotide, and fragments or portions thereof, and to DNA or RNA of genomic or synthetic origin that may be single or double stranded, and represent the sense or antisense strand. Similarly, “amino acid sequence” as used herein refers to peptide or protein sequence.
As used herein, the terms “purified” or “substantially purified” refer to molecules, either nucleic or amino acid sequences, that are removed from their natural environment, isolated or separated, and are at least 60% free, preferably 75% free, and most preferably 90% free from other components with which they are naturally associated. An “isolated polynucleotide” or “isolated oligonucleotide” is therefore a substantially purified polynucleotide.
The term “continuous strand of nucleic acid” as used herein is means a strand of nucleic acid that has a continuous, covalently linked, backbone structure, without nicks or other disruptions. The disposition of the base portion of each nucleotide, whether base-paired, single-stranded or mismatched, is not an element in the definition of a continuous strand. The backbone of the continuous strand is not limited to the ribose-phosphate or deoxyribose-phosphate compositions that are found in naturally occurring, unmodified nucleic acids. A nucleic acid of the present invention may comprise modifications in the structure of the backbone, including but not limited to phosphorothioate residues, phosphonate residues, 2′ substituted ribose residues (e.g., 2′-O-methyl ribose) and alternative sugar (e.g., arabinose) containing residues.
The term “continuous duplex” as used herein refers to a region of double stranded nucleic acid in which there is no disruption in the progression of basepairs within the duplex (i.e., the base pairs along the duplex are not distorted to accommodate a gap, bulge or mismatch with the confines of the region of continuous duplex). As used herein the term refers only to the arrangement of the basepairs within the duplex, without implication of continuity in the backbone portion of the nucleic acid strand. Duplex nucleic acids with uninterrupted basepairing, but with nicks in one or both strands are within the definition of a continuous duplex.
The term “duplex” refers to the state of nucleic acids in which the base portions of the nucleotides on one strand are bound through hydrogen bonding the their complementary bases arrayed on a second strand. The condition of being in a duplex form reflects on the state of the bases of a nucleic acid. By virtue of base pairing, the strands of nucleic acid also generally assume the tertiary structure of a double helix, having a major and a minor groove. The assumption of the helical form is implicit in the act of becoming duplexed.
The term “template” refers to a strand of nucleic acid on which a complementary copy is built from nucleoside triphosphates through the activity of a template-dependent nucleic acid polymerase. Within a duplex the template strand is, by convention, depicted and described as the “bottom” strand. Similarly, the non-template strand is often depicted and described as the “top” strand.


DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides methods, kits, and compositions related to human papillomavirus (HPV) primers, which may be used, for example, in nucleic acid detection assays for use in basic research, clinical research, and for the development of clinical detection assays. Exemplary primers include SEQ ID NOs:1-123 and 142-154 as shown in Tables 2-5 below.











TABLE 2





Strain
Primer type
SEQ ID NO: 
Sequence
Location







59
forward
SEQ ID NO: 1
TCGCAGCACCAATCTTtctg
 86 -> 105


59
forward
SEQ ID NO: 2
CACCAATCTTTCTGTGtgtg
 92 -> 111


59
reverse
SEQ ID NO: 3
GTTTAACTGGCGGTGCggtg
372 -> 391


59
reverse
SEQ ID NO: 4
GTTACAGCAGCAGATTgaac
340 -> 359


 


16
forward
SEQ ID NO: 5
ATAACCTTAACTGCAGacg
216 -> 234


16
forward
SEQ ID NO: 6
GAGGCACACTAGAAGatac
287 -> 305


16
forward
SEQ ID NO: 7
GAATATGATTTACAGTTTATTTTTCAACT
178 -> 207


16
forward
SEQ ID NO: 8
TGTGCTGCCATATCTActtc
108 -> 127


16
reverse
SEQ ID NO: 9
CCTATAAGTATCTTCTAGtgtg
311 -> 332


16
reverse
SEQ ID NO: 10
ATCTTCTAGTGTGCCTcctg
304 -> 323


 


18
forward
SEQ ID NO: 11
ATATGTGCTTCTACACAGtctc
105 -> 126


18
forward
SEQ ID NO: 12
CCAATTTAACAATATGTGCttc
 94-> 115


18
reverse
SEQ ID NO: 13
ATCCACCAAACTAGTAgttg
307 -> 326


18
reverse
SEQ ID NO: 14
TTGACAGGTAATAGCAacag
346 -> 365


 


31
forward
SEQ ID NO: 15
CAATTGCAAACAGTGatac
115 -> 133


31
forward
SEQ ID NO: 16
AGAGTATTTAAGACATGGtgag
158 -> 179


31
reverse
SEQ ID NO: 17
GTGTGGTCAATCCAAAAttcc
280 -> 300


31
reverse
SEQ ID NO: 18
GAGGGAGGTGTGGTCAatcc
288 -> 307


31
reverse
SEQ ID NO: 19
GGAGGTGTGGTCAAtcc
288 -> 307


 


33
forward
SEQ ID NO: 20
CTAATATGACTTTATGCacac
 94 -> 114


33
forward
SEQ ID NO: 21
ATATGACTTTATGCACAcaag
 97 -> 117


33
reverse
SEQ ID NO: 22
TATAGGTATCCTGTAAACtagc
306 -> 327


33
reverse
SEQ ID NO: 23
GACACGTAATAGCCTGagag
338 -> 357


33
reverse
SEQ ID NO: 24
TATAGGTATCCTGTAAACTAgca
306 -> 327


 


35
forward
SEQ ID NO: 25
GTCTGTGTGTTCTGCTGtgtc
101 -> 121


35
forward
SEQ ID NO: 26
TTAAGGAATATTTAAGGCatgg
159 -> 180


35
reverse
SEQ ID NO: 27
GGATCATCTTTAGGTTttgg
375 -> 394


35
reverse
SEQ ID NO: 28
CTGGGTTTTTGACAAGTTacag
349 -> 370


 


39
forward
SEQ ID NO: 29
TATAGAGTCTTCCATACcttc
116 -> 136


39
forward
SEQ ID NO: 30
ACCAACTTTACATTATCtacc
 93 -> 113


39
reverse
SEQ ID NO: 31
CAGATGGTGGAGGAGCTacag
292 -> 312


39
reverse
SEQ ID NO: 32
AACATTCCAAAACTTTAgacc
405 -> 425


 


45
forward
SEQ ID NO: 33
AATTTAACATTATGTGcctc
 96 -> 115


45
forward
SEQ ID NO: 34
CTAATTTAACATTATGTGcctc
 94 -> 115


45
reverse
SEQ ID NO: 35
GGTAACAGCAACTGATTgcac
339 -> 359


45
reverse
SEQ ID NO: 36
AACTTGTAGTAGGTGGTggag
298 -> 318


 


51
forward
SEQ ID NO: 37
TTTACTCCAAGTAACTTTaagc
138 -> 159


51
forward
SEQ ID NO: 38
AATCAGCTTTTTATTAcctg
 54 -> 73


51
forward
SEQ ID NO: 39
CTCCAAGTAACTTTAAGCAATat
142 -> 165


51
reverse
SEQ ID NO: 40
CATCCTCCAAACTAGCagac
305 -> 324


51
reverse
SEQ ID NO: 41
CGTTCCTTTAAATCAACatcc
416 -> 436


51
reverse
SEQ ID NO: 42
ACATCCCAAAATTTATATTTgg
399 -> 420


 


52
forward
SEQ ID NO: 43
AATTTTAAGGAATACCttcg
147 -> 166


52
forward
SEQ ID NO: 44
AATTTTAAGGAATACCTTcgtc
147 -> 168


52
forward
SEQ ID NO: 45
CATGACTTTATGTGctga
 98 -> 115


52
forward
SEQ ID NO: 46
AACATGACTTTATGTGCtga
 96 -> 115


52
forward
SEQ ID NO: 47
GAAAATTTTAAGGAATACCTtcg
145 -> 166


52
reverse
SEQ ID NO: 48
CCAAAGATGCAGACGGTggtg
295 -> 315


52
reverse
SEQ ID NO: 49
AATCTGTATGTGTCCTCCaaag
310 -> 331


 


56
forward
SEQ ID NO: 50
ATGCACGAAAAATTAAtcag
139 -> 158


56
forward
SEQ ID NO: 51
CAGTTAAGTAAATATGATgcac
123 -> 144


56
reverse
SEQ ID NO: 52
GTCCTGTTTTTCTGTTggtg
370 -> 389


56
reverse
SEQ ID NO: 53
TCTATATTTATCTTCTaggc
310 -> 329


 


58
forward
SEQ ID NO: 54
CTAATATGACATTATGCactg
 94 -> 114


58
forward
SEQ ID NO: 55
ACAGTTTGTTTTTCAGCTttgc
188 -> 209


58
reverse
SEQ ID NO: 56
TTGGCAAGTAATAGCCTGggag
338 -> 359


58
reverse
SEQ ID NO: 57
CTGGGAGGTAACAaatc
328 -> 344


58
reverse
SEQ ID NO: 58
GAGGTAACAAATCTATATGTGtc
318 -> 340


58
reverse
SEQ ID NO: 59
TGCTGTTTTTTGGCaag
350 -> 371


 


66
forward
SEQ ID NO: 60
GCAGCTAAAAGCACATtaac
111 -> 130


66
forward
SEQ ID NO: 61
CGTGAAATCAATCAATACcttc
144 -> 165


66
reverse
SEQ ID NO: 62
TCCCAAAACTTATATTTagcc
395 -> 415


66
reverse
SEQ ID NO: 63
TACCTATATTTATCCTCTaagc
310 -> 331


 


68
forward
SEQ ID NO: 64
AATATGTTAGGCATGTtgag
163 -> 182


68
forward
SEQ ID NO: 65
GGAATATGTTAGGCATGTtgag
164 -> 182


68
reverse
SEQ ID NO: 66
ATCTACAAGACTAGCAGatgg
306 -> 326


68
reverse
SEQ ID NO: 67
TATGTATCTACAAGACtagc
312 -> 331


 


52
forward
SEQ ID NO: 68
ACTAACATGACTTTATGTgctg
 93 -> 114


52
forward
SEQ ID NO: 69
CACTAACATGACTTTATGTGctga
 92 -> 115


 


16
forward
SEQ ID NO: 70
CGCAGTACAAATAtgtc
77-> 93


16
forward
SEQ ID NO: 71
gctgccatatctacttcag 111 -> 129



16
forward
SEQ ID NO: 72
agtacctacgacatggg
160 -> 176


 


35
forward
SEQ ID NO: 73
ATTTTAAGGAATATTTAAGGCatgg
159 -> 180


35
forward
SEQ ID NO: 74
GAATATTTAAGGCATGGTgaag
159 -> 180


 


68
forward
SEQ ID NO: 75
ATATGTTAGGCATGTtgag
164 -> 182


 


18
forward
SEQ ID NO: 76
GTGCTTCTACACAGTct
104 -> 125


18
forward
SEQ ID NO: 77
AATATGTGCTTCTACACagtc
104 -> 124




















TABLE 3





Strain
Primer type
SEQ ID NO: 
Sequence
Location







06
forward
SEQ ID NO: 78
GCATCCGTAACTACATCTTccac
109 -> 133


06
forward
SEQ ID NO: 79
CGTAACTACATCTTCCACATacac
116 -> 139


06
reverse
SEQ ID NO: 80
GCCTGTGACTGCACAtacc
331 -> 352


06
reverse
SEQ ID NO: 81
CATTTGGGGGAGGCGAtaac
290 -> 311


 


11
forward
SEQ ID NO: 82
ACACGCAGTACAAATATGacac
 84 -> 105


11
forward
SEQ ID NO: 83
TGTGCATCTGTGTCTAAAtctg
108 -> 129


11
reverse
SEQ ID NO: 84
CATTTGGTGGAGGCGATAaacc
285 -> 306


11
reverse
SEQ ID NO: 85
ACCTCCCAAAAACTCATatcc
398 -> 418


 


26
forward
SEQ ID NO: 86
CTTACCATTAGTACATTATctg
 99 -> 120


26
reverse
SEQ ID NO: 87
GACAGGTAGTAGCAgag
347 -> 368


 


42
forward
SEQ ID NO: 88
CTTTGTGTGCCACTGcaac
100 -> 121


42
forward
SEQ ID NO: 89
GCAACATCTGGTGATACATATacag
120 -> 141


42
reverse
SEQ ID NO: 90
GGCGTTGTTACCTTAGcctg
357 -> 378


42
reverse
SEQ ID NO: 91
ACCTCCCAAAACCAAAAGtctg
397 -> 418


 


43
forward
SEQ ID NO: 92
TATGTGCCTCTACTGACCctac
 06-> 127


43
forward
SEQ ID NO: 93
TGCCTCTACTGACCCTactg
108 -> 129


43
reverse
SEQ ID NO: 94
AAGGGAAACTGGGTAAGTtgtg
448 -> 469


43
reverse
SEQ ID NO: 95
CTAAGGGAAACTGGGTAAgttg
450 -> 471


 


44
forward
SEQ ID NO: 96
GACAATATGTGCTGCCActac
121 -> 141


44
forward
SEQ ID NO: 97
CACAGTCCCCTCCGTctac
138 -> 159


44
reverse
SEQ ID NO: 98
GGACTGCACATATCTGTATTTgtcc
323 -> 348


44
reverse
SEQ ID NO: 99
CTCACTAGAAAACTTTTCTCTAAGatcc
425 -> 452


 


53
forward
SEQ ID NO: 100
ACCAGGAATACAAACATGactc
 84 -> 105


53
forward
SEQ ID NO: 101
ACCAGGAATACAAACATGACTCtttc
 87 -> 109


53
reverse
SEQ ID NO: 102
ATAGTGGGTCCTGCTTTtcag
376 -> 396


53
reverse
SEQ ID NO: 103
GTGGCAACAGGAGGcgac
290 -> 311


53
forward
SEQ ID NO: 104
CCACCAGGAATACAAACATGactc
 85-> 105


 


67
forward
SEQ ID NO: 105
AAAATATCCCTTACTGCAAatg
210 -> 231


67
reverse
SEQ ID NO: 106
AATTGATTTCCCAAAAActg
404 -> 423


 


70
forward
SEQ ID NO: 107
ATTTTACATTGTCTGCCTGcac
 97 -> 118


70
reverse
SEQ ID NO: 108
CTGATTGTAAATACCTATacg
328 -> 348


 


83
forward
SEQ ID NO: 109
GTACCAATATTACTATTTCagc
 91 -> 112


83
reverse
SEQ ID NO: 110
GTTTGTCCTTTAAATCAacc
421 -> 440


 


06
forward
SEQ ID NO: 111
GTGCATCCGTAACTACATCTTccac
109 -> 133


06
reverse
SEQ ID NO: 112
ATGGCCTGTGACTGCACAtacc
331 -> 352


06
reverse
SEQ ID NO: 113
ACCATTTGGGGGAGGCGAtaac
290 -> 311


 


42
forward
SEQ ID NO: 114
TGACTTTGTGTGCCACTGcaac
100 -> 121


42
forward
SEQ ID NO: 115
ACATCTGGTGATACATATacag
120 -> 141


42
reverse
SEQ ID NO: 116
CTGGCGTTGTTACCTTAGcctg
357 -> 378


 


43
forward
SEQ ID NO: 117
TGTGCCTCTACTGACCCTactg
108 -> 129


 


44
forward
SEQ ID NO: 118
CTACACAGTCCCCTCCGTctac
138 -> 159


 


53
forward
SEQ ID NO: 119
CAGGAATACAAACATGACTCtttc
 87 -> 109


53
reverse
SEQ ID NO: 120
GCTAGTGGCAACAGGAGGcgac
290 -> 311


53
forward
SEQ ID NO: 121
CCAGGAATACAAACATGactc
 85 -> 105


 


67
forward
SEQ ID NO: 122
AAGGAATACCTTAGACATGtgg
153 -> 174


67
forward
SEQ ID NO: 123
AAGGAATACCTTAGACATGTGgaa
153 -> 176



















TABLE 4





Primer type
SEQ ID NO: 
Sequence2
Location1







forward
SEQ ID NO: 124
GCACAGGGACATAACAATGG
6582 -> 6602


 


forward
SEQ ID NO: 125
GCGCAGGGCCACAATAATGG
6582 -> 6602


 


forward
SEQ ID NO: 126
GCACAGGGACATAATAATGG
6582 -> 6602


 


forward
SEQ ID NO: 127
GCCCAGGGCCACAACAATGG
6582 -> 6602


 


forward
SEQ ID NO: 128
GCTCAGGGTTTAAACAATGG
6582 -> 6602


 


reverse
SEQ ID NO: 129
CGTCCCAAAGGAAACTGATC
7014 -> 7034


 


reverse
SEQ ID NO: 130
CGACCTAAAGGAAACTGATC
7014 -> 7034


 


reverse
SEQ ID NO: 131
CGTCCAAAAGGAAACTGATC
7014 -> 7034


 


reverse
SEQ ID NO: 132
GCCAAGGGGAAACTGATC
7014 -> 7032


 


reverse
SEQ ID NO: 133
CGTCCCAAAGGATACTGATC
7014 -> 7034


 


reverse
SEQ ID NO: 134
CGTCCAAGGGGATACTGATC
7014 -> 7034


 


reverse
SEQ ID NO: 135
CGACCTAAAGGGAATTGATC
7014 -> 7034


 


reverse
SEQ ID NO: 136
CGACCTAGTGGAAATTGATC
7014 -> 7034


 


reverse
SEQ ID NO: 137
CGACCAAGGGGATATTGATC
7014 -> 7034


 


reverse
SEQ ID NO: 138
GCCCAACGGAAACTGATC
7014 -> 7032


 


reverse
SEQ ID NO: 139
CGACCCAAGGGAAACTGGTC
7014 -> 7034


 


reverse
SEQ ID NO: 140
CGTCCTAAAGGAAACTGGTC
7014 -> 7034


 


forward
SEQ ID NO: 141
GCGACCCAATGCAAATTGGT
7015 -> 7035


 


jkso1
SEQ ID NO: 142
CGCCCTAAGGGAAACTGGgt
7015 -> 7035


 


jkso2
SEQ ID NO: 143
CGCCCTAAGGGAAACTgg
7014 -> 7034





1Location is relative to HPV16 sequence (gb_vi:nc001526).


2Sequences 124-141 are from Gravitt et al., J. Clin. Microbiol, 2000, Jan., 38(1):357-61.

















TABLE 5





Strain(s)
type
SEQ ID NO: 
Sequence
Location







16, 18, 31, 33,
rev.
SEQ ID NO: 144
GATCTAGATCTGCAGAAAACTTTTC
439 -> 463


35, 45, 52, 58,






and, 68






 


66
rev.
SEQ ID NO: 145
GATCTAGATCTGCAGAAAAgcTgTC
439 -> 463


 


56
rev.
SEQ ID NO: 146
GATCTAGATCTGCAGAAAAacTgTC
439 -> 463


 


59
rev.
SEQ ID NO: 147
GATCTAGATCTGCAGAAAACcTTTC
439 -> 463


 


31, 33, 35, 45,
fwd.
SEQ ID NO: 148
GGACATAACAATGGTATTTGTTGG
27 -> 50


59, 39, and 68






 


18
fwd.
SEQ ID NO: 149
GGACATAACAATGGTATTTGcTGG
27-> 50


 


51, 56, and 58
fwd.
SEQ ID NO: 150
GGACATAACAATGGcATTTGcTGG
27 -> 50


 


66 and 52
fwd.
SEQ ID NO: 151
GGACAcAACAATGGcATaTGcTGG
27-> 50


 


16 and 52
fwd.
SEQ ID NO: 152
GGACATAACAATGGcATTTGTTGG
27-> 50


 


59
fwd.
SEQ ID NO: 153
GGtttaAACAATGGTATTTGTTGG
27-> 50


 


—
rev.
SEQ ID NO: 154
TCTAGATCARTTTCCTTTGGGA
156 -> 178









In certain embodiments, the primers (e.g., SEQ ID NOs-1-123 and 142-154) are use for HPV typing. In some embodiments, the primers are used to amplify HPV sequences in a sample. In particular embodiments, the primers are used for sequencing.
The primers of the present invention have been configured to amplify the largest number of HPV types with the fewest number of primers in the mix. In general, primer are tailored to conserved regions of the HPV genome, and are configured to not interact with each other (e.g., by forming primer dimers).
In Table 3, SEQ ID NOs:124-141 are from Gravitt et al., J. Clin. Microbiol, 2000, Jan., 38(1):357-61 (herein incorporated by reference). This set of PGMY primers from Gravitt et al. was shown to be able to type about 42 HPV types. The addition of primer SEQ ID NO:142 to the PGMY set of primers allows the number of HPV types to be typed to be expanded beyond 42 (e.g., up to about 65). In certain embodiment, the addition of primer SEQ ID NO:143 to the set of PGMY set of primers also allows the number of HPV types to be expanded beyond 42.
In certain embodiments, the primers of the present invention are used to amplify a portion of the HPV genome, and then the amplicons are contacted with a nucleic acid detection assay, such as the INVADER assay, in order to determine what type is in the sample. The present invention is not limited by the type of nucleic acid detection assay that is employed. The INVADER assay is detailed below as one exemplary type of assay that could be employed.
When two strands of nucleic acid, or oligonucleotides, both hybridize to a target nucleic acid strand such that they form an overlapping invasive cleavage structure, as described below, invasive cleavage can occur. Through the interaction of a cleavage agent (e.g., a 5′ nuclease) and the upstream oligonucleotide, the cleavage agent can be made to cleave the downstream oligonucleotide at an internal site in such a way that a distinctive fragment is produced. Such embodiments have been termed the INVADER assay (Third Wave Technologies) and are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,846,717, 5,985,557, 5,994,069, 6,001,567, and 6,090,543, WO 97/27214 WO 98/42873, Lyamichev et al., Nat. Biotech., 17:292 (1999), Hall et al., PNAS, USA, 97:8272 (2000), each of which is herein incorporated by reference in their entirety for all purposes).
The INVADER assay detects hybridization of probes to a target by enzymatic cleavage of specific structures by structure specific enzymes (See, INVADER assays, Third Wave Technologies; See e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,846,717; 6,090,543; 6,001,567; 5,985,557; 6,090,543; 5,994,069; Lyamichev et al., Nat. Biotech., 17:292 (1999), Hall et al., PNAS, USA, 97:8272 (2000), WO97/27214 and WO98/42873, each of which is herein incorporated by reference in their entirety for all purposes).
The INVADER assay detects specific DNA and RNA sequences by using structure-specific enzymes (e.g. FEN endonucleases) to cleave a complex formed by the hybridization of overlapping oligonucleotide probes. Elevated temperature and an excess of one of the probes enable multiple probes to be cleaved for each target sequence present without temperature cycling. In some embodiments, these cleaved probes then direct cleavage of a second labeled probe. The secondary probe oligonucleotide can be 5′-end labeled with fluorescein that is quenched by an internal dye. Upon cleavage, the de-quenched fluorescein labeled product may be detected using a standard fluorescence plate reader.
The INVADER assay detects specific mutations and SNPs in unamplified, as well as amplified, RNA and DNA including genomic DNA. In some embodiments, the INVADER assay uses two cascading steps (a primary and a secondary reaction) both to generate and then to amplify the target-specific signal. For convenience, the alleles in the following discussion are described as wild-type (WT) and mutant (MT), even though this terminology does not apply to all genetic variations. In the primary reaction, the WT primary probe and the INVADER oligonucleotide hybridize in tandem to the target nucleic acid to form an overlapping structure. An unpaired “flap” is included on the 5′ end of the WT primary probe. A structure-specific enzyme (e.g. the CLEAVASE enzyme, Third Wave Technologies) recognizes the overlap and cleaves off the unpaired flap, releasing it as a target-specific product. In the secondary reaction, this cleaved product serves as an INVADER oligonucleotide on the WT fluorescence resonance energy transfer (WT-FRET) probe to again create the structure recognized by the structure specific enzyme. When the two dyes on a single FRET probe are separated by cleavage, a detectable fluorescent signal above background fluorescence is produced. Consequently, cleavage of this second structure results in an increase in fluorescence, indicating the presence of the WT allele (or mutant allele if the assay is configured for the mutant allele to generate the detectable signal). In some embodiments, FRET probes having different labels (e.g. resolvable by difference in emission or excitation wavelengths, or resolvable by time-resolved fluorescence detection) are provided for each allele or locus to be detected, such that the different alleles or loci can be detected in a single reaction. In such embodiments, the primary probe sets and the different FRET probes may be combined in a single assay, allowing comparison of the signals from each allele or locus in the same sample.
If the primary probe oligonucleotide and the target nucleotide sequence do not match perfectly at the cleavage site (e.g., as with the MT primary probe and the WT target, the overlapped structure does not form and cleavage is suppressed. The structure specific enzyme (e.g., CLEAVASE VIII enzyme, Third Wave Technologies) used cleaves the overlapped structure more efficiently (e.g. at least 340-fold) than the non-overlapping structure, allowing excellent discrimination of the alleles.
The probes turn over without temperature cycling to produce many signals per target (i.e., linear signal amplification). Similarly, each target-specific product can enable the cleavage of many FRET probes.
The primary INVADER assay reaction is directed against the target DNA (or RNA) being detected. The target DNA is the limiting component in the first invasive cleavage, since the INVADER and primary probe are supplied in molar excess. In the second invasive cleavage, it is the released flap that is limiting. When these two cleavage reactions are performed sequentially, the fluorescence signal from the composite reaction accumulates linearly with respect to the target DNA amount.
In certain embodiments, the INVADER assay, or other nucleotide detection assays, are performed with accessible site designed oligonucleotides and/or bridging oligonucleotides. Such methods, procedures and compositions are described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,194,149, WO9850403, and WO0198537, all of which are specifically incorporated by reference in their entireties.
In certain embodiments, the target nucleic acid sequence is amplified with the primers of the present invention prior to detection (e.g. such that synthetic nucleic acid is generated). In some embodiments, the target nucleic acid comprises genomic DNA. In other embodiments, the target nucleic acid comprises synthetic DNA or RNA. In some preferred embodiments, synthetic DNA within a sample is created using a purified polymerase. In some preferred embodiments, creation of synthetic DNA using a purified polymerase comprises the use of PCR. In other preferred embodiments, creation of synthetic DNA using a purified DNA polymerase, suitable for use with the methods of the present invention, comprises use of rolling circle amplification, (e.g., as in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,210,884, 6,183,960 and 6,235,502, herein incorporated by reference in their entireties). In other preferred embodiments, creation of synthetic DNA comprises copying genomic DNA by priming from a plurality of sites on a genomic DNA sample. In some embodiments, priming from a plurality of sites on a genomic DNA sample comprises using short (e.g., fewer than about 8 nucleotides) oligonucleotide primers. In other embodiments, priming from a plurality of sites on a genomic DNA comprises extension of 3′ ends in nicked, double-stranded genomic DNA (i.e., where a 3′ hydroxyl group has been made available for extension by breakage or cleavage of one strand of a double stranded region of DNA). Some examples of making synthetic DNA using a purified polymerase on nicked genomic DNAs, suitable for use with the methods and compositions of the present invention, are provided in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,117,634, issued Sep. 12, 2000, and U.S. Pat. No. 6,197,557, issued Mar. 6, 2001, and in PCT application WO 98/39485, each incorporated by reference herein in their entireties for all purposes.
All publications and patents mentioned in the above specification are herein incorporated by reference as if expressly set forth herein. Various modifications and variations of the described assays of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. Although the invention has been described in connection with specific preferred embodiments, it should be understood that the invention as claimed should not be unduly limited to such specific embodiments. Indeed, various modifications of the described modes for carrying out the invention that are obvious to those skilled in relevant fields are intended to be within the scope of the following claims.

## Claims

1. A composition configured to hybridize to target nucleic acids from a plurality of different HPV types, said composition comprising an isolated nucleic acid sequence, wherein the nucleotide sequence of said isolated nucleic acid sequence consists of SEQ ID NO:142 or SEQ ID NO:143.

2. The composition of claim 1, further comprising a second isolated nucleic acid sequence different from said isolated nucleic acid sequence, wherein the nucleotide sequence of said second isolated nucleic acid sequence consists of SEQ ID NO:142 or SEQ ID NO:143.

3. The composition of claim 1, further comprising at least 20 additional isolated nucleic acid sequences, wherein the nucleotide sequences of said additional isolated nucleic acid sequences each consist of a nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NOs:1-123 and 142-154.

4. A kit comprising a composition configured to hybridize to target nucleic acids from a plurality of different HPV types, said composition comprising an isolated nucleic acid sequence, wherein the nucleotide sequence of said isolated nucleic acid sequence consists of SEQ ID NO:142 or SEQ ID NO:143.

5. The kit of claim 4, wherein said composition further comprises a second isolated nucleic acid sequence different from said isolated nucleic acid sequence, wherein the nucleotide sequence of said second isolated nucleic acid sequence consists of SEQ ID NO:142 or SEQ ID NO:143.

6. The kit of claim 4, further comprising at least 20 additional isolated nucleic acid sequences, wherein the nucleotide sequences of said additional isolated nucleic acid sequences each consist of a nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NOs:1-123 and 142-154.

7. A method for detecting at least one HPV sequence in a sample, comprising using a composition configured to hybridize to target nucleic acids from a plurality of different HPV types, said composition comprising an isolated nucleic acid sequence, wherein the nucleotide sequence of said isolated nucleic acid sequence consist of SEQ ID NO:142 or SEQ ID NO:143.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein said detecting allows typing of said HPVsequence.

9. The method of claim 7, wherein said using comprises sequencing with said nucleic acid sequence.

10. The method of claim 7, wherein said using comprises amplifying said HPV sequence with said nucleic acid sequence.