Inspector General Act of 1978

(Current through Pub. L. 112-239, enacted January 2, 2013)

Pub. L. 95–452, Oct. 12, 1978, 92 Stat. 1101, as amended by Pub. L. 96–88, title V, §508(n), 

Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 694; Pub. L. 97–113, title VII, §705(a)(1)–(3), Dec. 29, 1981, 95 Stat. 

1544; Pub. L. 97–252, title XI, §1117(a)–(c), Sept. 8, 1982, 96 Stat. 750–752; Pub. L. 99–93, 

title I, §150(a), Aug. 16, 1985, 99 Stat. 427; Pub. L. 99–399, title IV, §412(a), Aug. 27, 1986, 

100 Stat. 867; Pub. L. 100–504, title I, §§102(a)–(d), (f), (g), 104(a), 105–107, 109, 110, Oct. 18, 

1988, 102 Stat. 2515–2529; Pub. L. 100–527, §13(h), Oct. 25, 1988, 102 Stat. 2643; Pub. L. 

101–73, title V, §501(b)(1), title VII, §702(c), Aug. 9, 1989, 103 Stat. 393, 415; Pub. L. 102–

233, title III, §315(a), Dec. 12, 1991, 105 Stat. 1772; Pub. L. 103–82, title II, §202(g)(1), (2)(A), 

(3)(A), (4), (5), Sept. 21, 1993, 107 Stat. 889, 890; Pub. L. 103–204, §23(a), Dec. 17, 1993, 107 

Stat. 2407; Pub. L. 103–296, title I, §108(l), Aug. 15, 1994, 108 Stat. 1488; Pub. L. 103–325, 

title I, §118(a), Sept. 23, 1994, 108 Stat. 2188; Pub. L. 104–88, title III, §319, Dec. 29, 1995, 109 

Stat. 949; Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title XV, §1502(f)(6), div. D, title XLIII, §4322(b)(1), (3), 

Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 510, 677; Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, §101(f) [title VI, §662(b), title 

VIII, §805(c)], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–314, 3009–379, 3009–393; Pub. L. 105–134, title 

IV, §409(a)(1), Dec. 2, 1997, 111 Stat. 2586; Pub. L. 105–206, title I, §1103(a)–(c)(1), (e)(1)–

(3), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 705, 708, 709; Pub. L. 105–272, title VII, §702(b), Oct. 20, 1998, 

112 Stat. 2415; Pub. L. 105–277, div. C, title III, §306(h), as added Pub. L. 106–31, title I, 

§105(a)(5), May 21, 1999, 113 Stat. 63; Pub. L. 105–277, div. G, title XIII, §1314(b), title XIV, 

§1422(b)(2), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–776, 2681–792; Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title X, 

§1067(17), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 775; Pub. L. 106–113, div. B, §1000(a)(7) [title II, §205], 

Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1536, 1501A–422; Pub. L. 106–422, §1(b), Nov. 1, 2000, 114 Stat. 

1872; Pub. L. 107–108, title III, §309(b), Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1400; Pub. L. 107–189, 

§22(a), (c), (d), June 14, 2002, 116 Stat. 707, 708; Pub. L. 107–252, title VIII, §812(a), Oct. 29, 

2002, 116 Stat. 1727; Pub. L. 107–273, div. A, title III, §308, Nov. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 1784; Pub. 

L. 107–296, title VIII, §§811(e), 812(a), title XI, §1112(a), title XVII, §1701, Nov. 25, 2002, 116 

Stat. 2221, 2222, 2275, 2313; Pub. L. 107–306, title VIII, §825, Nov. 27, 2002, 116 Stat. 2429; 

Pub. L. 108–7, div. L, §104(b), (c)(2), Feb. 20, 2003, 117 Stat. 529, 531; Pub. L. 108–271, §8(b), 

July 7, 2004, 118 Stat. 814; Pub. L. 108–458, title I, §1078, title VIII, §8304, Dec. 17, 2004, 118 

Stat. 3695, 3868; Pub. L. 109–177, title VI, §605(e)(3), (4), Mar. 9, 2006, 120 Stat. 255; Pub. L. 

109–295, title VI, §612(c), Oct. 4, 2006, 120 Stat. 1410; Pub. L. 109–435, title VI, §§603(b), 

605(a), Dec. 20, 2006, 120 Stat. 3240, 3242; Pub. L. 110–234, title XIV, §14217(c), May 22, 

2008, 122 Stat. 1482; Pub. L. 110–246, §4(a), title XIV, §14217(c), June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 

1664, 2244; Pub. L. 110–289, div. A, title I, §1105(c), July 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2668; Pub. L. 

110–409, §§2–4(a)(1), 5, 6(a), (b), 7(a), (d)(1), 8, 9, 11–13(a), 14, Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4302, 

4305, 4313–4316; Pub. L. 110–417, [div. A], title IX, §§907, 931(b)(2), Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 

4569, 4575; Pub. L. 111–13, title IV, §4101, Apr. 21, 2009, 123 Stat. 1597; Pub. L. 111–84, div. 

A, title X, §1042, Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2455; Pub. L. 111–203, title IX, §§989B–989D, title 

X, §1081, July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 1945, 1946, 2080; Pub. L. 111–259, title IV, §§405(d), 431, 

Oct. 7, 2010, 124 Stat. 2719, 2731; Pub. L. 112–199, title I, §117(a), (b), Nov. 27, 2012, 126 

Stat. 1474, 1475; Pub. L. 112–239, div. A, title VIII, §848, title XVI, §1614, Jan. 2, 2013, 126 

Stat. 1851, 2066
§1. Short title

This Act be cited as the “Inspector General Act of 1978”.

(Pub. L. 95–452, §1, Oct. 12, 1978, 92 Stat. 1101.)

§2. Purpose and establishment of Offices of Inspector General; departments and 

agencies involved

In order to create independent and objective units—

(1) to conduct and supervise audits and investigations relating to the programs and operations of 

the establishments listed in section 12(2);

(2) to provide leadership and coordination and recommend policies for activities designed (A) to 

promote economy, efficiency, and effectiveness in the administration of, and (B) to prevent and 

detect fraud and abuse in, such programs and operations; and

(3) to provide a means for keeping the head of the establishment and the Congress fully and 

currently informed about problems and deficiencies relating to the administration of such 

programs and operations and the necessity for and progress of corrective action;

there is established—

(A) in each of such establishments an office of Inspector General, subject to subparagraph (B); 

and

(B) in the establishment of the Department of the Treasury—

(i) an Office of Inspector General of the Department of the Treasury; and

(ii) an Office of Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration.

(Pub. L. 95–452, §2, Oct. 12, 1978, 92 Stat. 1101; Pub. L. 96–88, title V, §508(n)(1), Oct. 17, 

1979, 93 Stat. 694; Pub. L. 97–113, title VII, §705(a)(1), Dec. 29, 1981, 95 Stat. 1544; Pub. L. 

97–252, title XI, §1117(a)(1), Sept. 8, 1982, 96 Stat. 750; Pub. L. 99–93, title I, §150(a)(1), Aug. 

16, 1985, 99 Stat. 427; Pub. L. 99–399, title IV, §412(a)(1), Aug. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 867; Pub. 

L. 100–504, title I, §102(a), (b), Oct. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 2515; Pub. L. 100–527, §13(h)(1), Oct. 

25, 1988, 102 Stat. 2643; Pub. L. 105–206, title I, §1103(a), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 705; Pub. L. 

110–409, §7(d)(1)(A), Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4313.)

§3. Appointment of Inspector General; supervision; removal; political activities; 

appointment of Assistant Inspector General for Auditing and Assistant Inspector 

General for Investigations
(a) There shall be at the head of each Office an Inspector General who shall be appointed by the 

President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, without regard to political affiliation 

and solely on the basis of integrity and demonstrated ability in accounting, auditing, financial 

analysis, law, management analysis, public administration, or investigations. Each Inspector 

General shall report to and be under the general supervision of the head of the establishment 

involved or, to the extent such authority is delegated, the officer next in rank below such head, 

but shall not report to, or be subject to supervision by, any other officer of such establishment. 

Neither the head of the establishment nor the officer next in rank below such head shall prevent 

or prohibit the Inspector General from initiating, carrying out, or completing any audit or 

investigation, or from issuing any subpena during the course of any audit or investigation.

(b) An Inspector General may be removed from office by the President. If an Inspector General 

is removed from office or is transferred to another position or location within an establishment, 

the President shall communicate in writing the reasons for any such removal or transfer to both 

Houses of Congress, not later than 30 days before the removal or transfer. Nothing in this 

subsection shall prohibit a personnel action otherwise authorized by law, other than transfer or 

removal.

(c) For the purposes of section 7324 of title 5, United States Code, no Inspector General shall be 

considered to be an employee who determines policies to be pursued by the United States in the 

nationwide administration of Federal laws.

(d)(1) Each Inspector General shall, in accordance with applicable laws and regulations 

governing the civil service—

(A) appoint an Assistant Inspector General for Auditing who shall have the responsibility for 

supervising the performance of auditing activities relating to programs and operations of the 

establishment;

(B) appoint an Assistant Inspector General for Investigations who shall have the responsibility 

for supervising the performance of investigative activities relating to such programs and 

operations; and

(C) designate a Whistleblower Protection Ombudsman who shall educate agency employees—

(i) about prohibitions on retaliation for protected disclosures; and

(ii) who have made or are contemplating making a protected disclosure about the rights and 

remedies against retaliation for protected disclosures.

(2) The Whistleblower Protection Ombudsman shall not act as a legal representative, agent, or 

advocate of the employee or former employee.

(3) For the purposes of this section, the requirement of the designation of a Whistleblower 

Protection Ombudsman under paragraph (1)(C) shall not apply to—
(A) any agency that is an element of the intelligence community (as defined in section 3(4) of the 

National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 401a(4))); or

(B) as determined by the President, any executive agency or unit thereof the principal function of 

which is the conduct of foreign intelligence or counter intelligence activities.

(e) The annual rate of basic pay for an Inspector General (as defined under section 12(3)) shall 

be the rate payable for level III of the Executive Schedule under section 5314 of title 5, United 

States Code, plus 3 percent.

(f) An Inspector General (as defined under section 8G(a)(6) or 12(3)) may not receive any cash 

award or cash bonus, including any cash award under chapter 45 of title 5, United States Code.

(g) Each Inspector General shall, in accordance with applicable laws and regulations governing 

the civil service, obtain legal advice from a counsel either reporting directly to the Inspector 

General or another Inspector General.

(Pub. L. 95–452, §3, Oct. 12, 1978, 92 Stat. 1101; Pub. L. 110–409, §§3(a), 4(a)(1), 5, 6(a), Oct. 

14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4302, 4305; Pub. L. 112–199, title I, §117(a), Nov. 27, 2012, 126 Stat. 1474.)

§4. Duties and responsibilities; report of criminal violations to Attorney General

(a) It shall be the duty and responsibility of each Inspector General, with respect to the 

establishment within which his Office is established—

(1) to provide policy direction for and to conduct, supervise, and coordinate audits and 

investigations relating to the programs and operations of such establishment;

(2) to review existing and proposed legislation and regulations relating to programs and 

operations of such establishment and to make recommendations in the semiannual reports 

required by section 5(a) concerning the impact of such legislation or regulations on the economy 

and efficiency in the administration of programs and operations administered or financed by such 

establishment or the prevention and detection of fraud and abuse in such programs and 

operations;

(3) to recommend policies for, and to conduct, supervise, or coordinate other activities carried 

out or financed by such establishment for the purpose of promoting economy and efficiency in 

the administration of, or preventing and detecting fraud and abuse in, its programs and 

operations;

(4) to recommend policies for, and to conduct, supervise, or coordinate relationships between 

such establishment and other Federal agencies, State and local governmental agencies, and 

nongovernmental entities with respect to (A) all matters relating to the promotion of economy 

and efficiency in the administration of, or the prevention and detection of fraud and abuse in, 

programs and operations administered or financed by such establishment, or (B) the 

identification and prosecution of participants in such fraud or abuse; and
(5) to keep the head of such establishment and the Congress fully and currently informed, by 

means of the reports required by section 5 and otherwise, concerning fraud and other serious 

problems, abuses, and deficiencies relating to the administration of programs and operations 

administered or financed by such establishment, to recommend corrective action concerning such 

problems, abuses, and deficiencies, and to report on the progress made in implementing such 

corrective action.

(b)(1) In carrying out the responsibilities specified in subsection (a)(1), each Inspector General 

shall—

(A) comply with standards established by the Comptroller General of the United States for audits 

of Federal establishments, organizations, programs, activities, and functions;

(B) establish guidelines for determining when it shall be appropriate to use non-Federal auditors; 

and

(C) take appropriate steps to assure that any work performed by non-Federal auditors complies 

with the standards established by the Comptroller General as described in paragraph (1).

(2) For purposes of determining compliance with paragraph (1)(A) with respect to whether 

internal quality controls are in place and operating and whether established audit standards, 

policies, and procedures are being followed by Offices of Inspector General of establishments 

defined under section 12(2), Offices of Inspector General of designated Federal entities defined 

under section 8F(a)(2), and any audit office established within a Federal entity defined under 

section 8F(a)(1), reviews shall be performed exclusively by an audit entity in the Federal 

Government, including the Government Accountability Office or the Office of Inspector General 

of each establishment defined under section 12(2), or the Office of Inspector General of each 

designated Federal entity defined under section 8F(a)(2).

(c) In carrying out the duties and responsibilities established under this Act, each Inspector 

General shall give particular regard to the activities of the Comptroller General of the United 

States with a view toward avoiding duplication and insuring effective coordination and 

cooperation.

(d) In carrying out the duties and responsibilities established under this Act, each Inspector 

General shall report expeditiously to the Attorney General whenever the Inspector General has 

reasonable grounds to believe there has been a violation of Federal criminal law.

(Pub. L. 95–452, §4, Oct. 12, 1978, 92 Stat. 1102; Pub. L. 100–504, title I, §109, Oct. 18, 1988, 

102 Stat. 2529; Pub. L. 103–82, title II, §202(g)(5)(A), Sept. 21, 1993, 107 Stat. 890; Pub. L. 

108–271, §8(b), July 7, 2004, 118 Stat. 814; Pub. L. 110–409, §7(d)(1)(A), Oct. 14, 2008, 122 

Stat. 4313.)

§5. Semiannual reports; transmittal to Congress; availability to public; 

immediate report on serious or flagrant problems; disclosure of information; 

definitions
(a) Each Inspector General shall, not later than April 30 and October 31 of each year, prepare 

semiannual reports summarizing the activities of the Office during the immediately preceding 

six-month periods ending March 31 and September 30. Such reports shall include, but need not 

be limited to—

(1) a description of significant problems, abuses, and deficiencies relating to the administration 

of programs and operations of such establishment disclosed by such activities during the 

reporting period;

(2) a description of the recommendations for corrective action made by the Office during the 

reporting period with respect to significant problems, abuses, or deficiencies identified pursuant 

to paragraph (1);

(3) an identification of each significant recommendation described in previous semiannual 

reports on which corrective action has not been completed;

(4) a summary of matters referred to prosecutive authorities and the prosecutions and convictions 

which have resulted;

(5) a summary of each report made to the head of the establishment under section 6(b)(2) during 

the reporting period;

(6) a listing, subdivided according to subject matter, of each audit report, inspection reports, and 

evaluation reports issued by the Office during the reporting period and for each report, where 

applicable, the total dollar value of questioned costs (including a separate category for the dollar 

value of unsupported costs) and the dollar value of recommendations that funds be put to better 

use;

(7) a summary of each particularly significant report;

(8) statistical tables showing the total number of audit reports, inspection reports, and evaluation 

reports and the total dollar value of questioned costs (including a separate category for the dollar 

value of unsupported costs), for reports—

(A) for which no management decision had been made by the commencement of the reporting 

period;

(B) which were issued during the reporting period;

(C) for which a management decision was made during the reporting period, including—

(i) the dollar value of disallowed costs; and

(ii) the dollar value of costs not disallowed; and
(D) for which no management decision has been made by the end of the reporting period;

(9) statistical tables showing the total number of audit reports, inspection reports, and evaluation 

reports and the dollar value of recommendations that funds be put to better use by management, 

for reports—

(A) for which no management decision had been made by the commencement of the reporting 

period;

(B) which were issued during the reporting period;

(C) for which a management decision was made during the reporting period, including—

(i) the dollar value of recommendations that were agreed to by management; and

(ii) the dollar value of recommendations that were not agreed to by management; and

(D) for which no management decision has been made by the end of the reporting period;

(10) a summary of each audit report, inspection reports, and evaluation reports 1issued before 

the commencement of the reporting period for which no management decision has been made by 

the end of the reporting period (including the date and title of each such report), an explanation 

of the reasons such management decision has not been made, and a statement concerning the 

desired timetable for achieving a management decision on each such report;

(11) a description and explanation of the reasons for any significant revised management 

decision made during the reporting period;

(12) information concerning any significant management decision with which the Inspector 

General is in disagreement;

(13) the information described under section 05(b) of the Federal Financial Management 

Improvement Act of 1996;

(14)(A) an appendix containing the results of any peer review conducted by another Office of 

Inspector General during the reporting period; or

(B) if no peer review was conducted within that reporting period, a statement identifying the date 

of the last peer review conducted by another Office of Inspector General;

(15) a list of any outstanding recommendations from any peer review conducted by another 

Office of Inspector General that have not been fully implemented, including a statement 

describing the status of the implementation and why implementation is not complete; and

(16) a list of any peer reviews conducted by the Inspector General of another Office of the 

Inspector General during the reporting period, including a list of any outstanding 
recommendations made from any previous peer review (including any peer review conducted 

before the reporting period) that remain outstanding or have not been fully implemented.

(b) Semiannual reports of each Inspector General shall be furnished to the head of the 

establishment involved not later than April 30 and October 31 of each year and shall be 

transmitted by such head to the appropriate committees or subcommittees of the Congress within 

thirty days after receipt of the report, together with a report by the head of the establishment 

containing—

(1) any comments such head determines appropriate;

(2) statistical tables showing the total number of audit reports, inspection reports, and evaluation 

reports and the dollar value of disallowed costs, for reports—

(A) for which final action had not been taken by the commencement of the reporting period;

(B) on which management decisions were made during the reporting period;

(C) for which final action was taken during the reporting period, including—

(i) the dollar value of disallowed costs that were recovered by management through collection, 

offset, property in lieu of cash, or otherwise; and

(ii) the dollar value of disallowed costs that were written off by management; and

(D) for which no final action has been taken by the end of the reporting period;

(3) statistical tables showing the total number of audit reports, inspection reports, and evaluation 

reports and the dollar value of recommendations that funds be put to better use by management 

agreed to in a management decision, for reports—

(A) for which final action had not been taken by the commencement of the reporting period;

(B) on which management decisions were made during the reporting period;

(C) for which final action was taken during the reporting period, including—

(i) the dollar value of recommendations that were actually completed; and

(ii) the dollar value of recommendations that management has subsequently concluded should 

not or could not be implemented or completed; and

(D) for which no final action has been taken by the end of the reporting period; and
(4) a statement with respect to audit reports on which management decisions have been made but 

final action has not been taken, other than audit reports on which a management decision was 

made within the preceding year, containing—

(A) a list of such audit reports and the date each such report was issued;

(B) the dollar value of disallowed costs for each report;

(C) the dollar value of recommendations that funds be put to better use agreed to by management 

for each report; and

(D) an explanation of the reasons final action has not been taken with respect to each such audit 

report,

except that such statement may exclude such audit reports that are under formal administrative or 

judicial appeal or upon which management of an establishment has agreed to pursue a legislative 

solution, but shall identify the number of reports in each category so excluded.

(c) Within sixty days of the transmission of the semiannual reports of each Inspector General to 

the Congress, the head of each establishment shall make copies of such report available to the 

public upon request and at a reasonable cost. Within 60 days after the transmission of the 

semiannual reports of each establishment head to the Congress, the head of each establishment 

shall make copies of such report available to the public upon request and at a reasonable cost.

(d) Each Inspector General shall report immediately to the head of the establishment involved 

whenever the Inspector General becomes aware of particularly serious or flagrant problems, 

abuses, or deficiencies relating to the administration of programs and operations of such 

establishment. The head of the establishment shall transmit any such report to the appropriate 

committees or subcommittees of Congress within seven calendar days, together with a report by 

the head of the establishment containing any comments such head deems appropriate.

(e)(1) Nothing in this section shall be construed to authorize the public disclosure of information 

which is—

(A) specifically prohibited from disclosure by any other provision of law;

(B) specifically required by Executive order to be protected from disclosure in the interest of 

national defense or national security or in the conduct of foreign affairs; or

(C) a part of an ongoing criminal investigation.

(2) Notwithstanding paragraph (1)(C), any report under this section may be disclosed to the 

public in a form which includes information with respect to a part of an ongoing criminal 

investigation if such information has been included in a public record.
(3) Except to the extent and in the manner provided under section 6103(f) of the Internal 

Revenue Code of 1986 [26 U.S.C. 6103(f)], nothing in this section or in any other provision of 

this Act shall be construed to authorize or permit the withholding of information from the 

Congress, or from any committee or subcommittee thereof.

(f) As used in this section—

(1) the term “questioned cost” means a cost that is questioned by the Office because of—

(A) an alleged violation of a provision of a law, regulation, contract, grant, cooperative 

agreement, or other agreement or document governing the expenditure of funds;

(B) a finding that, at the time of the audit, such cost is not supported by adequate documentation; 

or

(C) a finding that the expenditure of funds for the intended purpose is unnecessary or 

unreasonable;

(2) the term “unsupported cost” means a cost that is questioned by the Office because the Office 

found that, at the time of the audit, such cost is not supported by adequate documentation;

(3) the term “disallowed cost” means a questioned cost that management, in a management 

decision, has sustained or agreed should not be charged to the Government;

(4) the term “recommendation that funds be put to better use” means a recommendation by the 

Office that funds could be used more efficiently if management of an establishment took actions 

to implement and complete the recommendation, including—

(A) reductions in outlays;

(B) deobligation of funds from programs or operations;

(C) withdrawal of interest subsidy costs on loans or loan guarantees, insurance, or bonds;

(D) costs not incurred by implementing recommended improvements related to the operations of 

the establishment, a contractor or grantee;

(E) avoidance of unnecessary expenditures noted in preaward reviews of contract or grant 

agreements; or

(F) any other savings which are specifically identified;

(5) the term “management decision” means the evaluation by the management of an 

establishment of the findings and recommendations included in an audit report and the issuance 

of a final decision by management concerning its response to such findings and 

recommendations, including actions concluded to be necessary; and
(6) the term “final action” means—

(A) the completion of all actions that the management of an establishment has concluded, in its 

management decision, are necessary with respect to the findings and recommendations included 

in an audit report; and

(B) in the event that the management of an establishment concludes no action is necessary, final 

action occurs when a management decision has been made.

(Pub. L. 95–452, §5, Oct. 12, 1978, 92 Stat. 1103; Pub. L. 97–252, title XI, §1117(c), Sept. 8, 

1982, 96 Stat. 752; Pub. L. 100–504, title I, §§102(g), 106, Oct. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 2521, 2525; 

Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, §101(f) [title VIII, §805(c)], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–314, 

3009–393; Pub. L. 110–409, §12, Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4315; Pub. L. 111–203, title IX, 

§989C, July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 1945.)

§6. Authority of Inspector General; information and assistance from Federal 

agencies; unreasonable refusal; office space and equipment

(a) In addition to the authority otherwise provided by this Act, each Inspector General, in 

carrying out the provisions of this Act, is authorized—

(1) to have access to all records, reports, audits, reviews, documents, papers, recommendations, 

or other material available to the applicable establishment which relate to programs and 

operations with respect to which that Inspector General has responsibilities under this Act;

(2) to make such investigations and reports relating to the administration of the programs and 

operations of the applicable establishment as are, in the judgment of the Inspector General, 

necessary or desirable;

(3) to request such information or assistance as may be necessary for carrying out the duties and 

responsibilities provided by this Act from any Federal, State, or local governmental agency or 

unit thereof;

(4) to require by subpoena the production of all information, documents, reports, answers, 

records, accounts, papers, and other data in any medium (including electronically stored 

information, as well as any tangible thing) and documentary evidence necessary in the 

performance of the functions assigned by this Act, which subpoena, in the case of contumacy or 

refusal to obey, shall be enforceable by order of any appropriate United States district court: 

Provided, That procedures other than subpenas shall be used by the Inspector General to obtain 

documents and information from Federal agencies;

(5) to administer to or take from any person an oath, affirmation, or affidavit, whenever 

necessary in the performance of the functions assigned by this Act, which oath, affirmation, or 

affidavit when administered or taken by or before an employee of an Office of Inspector General 

designated by the Inspector General shall have the same force and effect as if administered or 

taken by or before an officer having a seal;
(6) to have direct and prompt access to the head of the establishment involved when necessary 

for any purpose pertaining to the performance of functions and responsibilities under this Act;

(7) to select, appoint, and employ such officers and employees as may be necessary for carrying 

out the functions, powers, and duties of the Office subject to the provisions of title 5, United 

States Code, governing appointments in the competitive service, and the provisions of chapter 51 

and subchapter III of chapter 53 of such title relating to classification and General Schedule pay 

rates;

(8) to obtain services as authorized by section 3109 of title 5, United States Code, at daily rates 

not to exceed the equivalent rate prescribed for grade GS–18 of the General Schedule by section 

5332 of title 5, United States Code; and

(9) to the extent and in such amounts as may be provided in advance by appropriations Acts, to 

enter into contracts and other arrangements for audits, studies, analyses, and other services with 

public agencies and with private persons, and to make such payments as may be necessary to 

carry out the provisions of this Act.

(b)(1) Upon request of an Inspector General for information or assistance under subsection 

(a)(3), the head of any Federal agency involved shall, insofar as is practicable and not in 

contravention of any existing statutory restriction or regulation of the Federal agency from which 

the information is requested, furnish to such Inspector General, or to an authorized designee, 

such information or assistance.

(2) Whenever information or assistance requested under subsection (a)(1) or (a)(3) is, in the 

judgment of an Inspector General, unreasonably refused or not provided, the Inspector General 

shall report the circumstances to the head of the establishment involved without delay.

(c) Each head of an establishment shall provide the Office within such establishment with 

appropriate and adequate office space at central and field office locations of such establishment, 

together with such equipment, office supplies, and communications facilities and services as may 

be necessary for the operation of such offices, and shall provide necessary maintenance services 

for such offices and the equipment and facilities located therein.

(d)(1)(A) For purposes of applying the provisions of law identified in subparagraph (B)—

(i) each Office of Inspector General shall be considered to be a separate agency; and

(ii) the Inspector General who is the head of an office referred to in clause (i) shall, with respect 

to such office, have the functions, powers, and duties of an agency head or appointing authority 

under such provisions.

(B) This paragraph applies with respect to the following provisions of title 5, United States Code:

(i) Subchapter II of chapter 35.
(ii) Sections 8335(b), 8336, 8344, 8414, 8468, and 8425(b).

(iii) All provisions relating to the Senior Executive Service (as determined by the Office of 

Personnel Management), subject to paragraph (2).

(2) For purposes of applying section 4507(b) of title 5, United States Code, paragraph (1)(A)(ii) 

shall be applied by substituting “the Council of the Inspectors General on Integrity and 

Efficiency (established by section 11 of the Inspector General Act) shall” for “the Inspector 

General who is the head of an office referred to in clause (i) shall, with respect to such office,”.

(e)(1) In addition to the authority otherwise provided by this Act, each Inspector General, any 

Assistant Inspector General for Investigations under such an Inspector General, and any special 

agent supervised by such an Assistant Inspector General may be authorized by the Attorney 

General to—

(A) carry a firearm while engaged in official duties as authorized under this Act or other statute, 

or as expressly authorized by the Attorney General;

(B) make an arrest without a warrant while engaged in official duties as authorized under this 

Act or other statute, or as expressly authorized by the Attorney General, for any offense against 

the United States committed in the presence of such Inspector General, Assistant Inspector 

General, or agent, or for any felony cognizable under the laws of the United States if such 

Inspector General, Assistant Inspector General, or agent has reasonable grounds to believe that 

the person to be arrested has committed or is committing such felony; and

(C) seek and execute warrants for arrest, search of a premises, or seizure of evidence issued 

under the authority of the United States upon probable cause to believe that a violation has been 

committed.

(2) The Attorney General may authorize exercise of the powers under this subsection only upon 

an initial determination that—

(A) the affected Office of Inspector General is significantly hampered in the performance of 

responsibilities established by this Act as a result of the lack of such powers;

(B) available assistance from other law enforcement agencies is insufficient to meet the need for 

such powers; and

(C) adequate internal safeguards and management procedures exist to ensure proper exercise of 

such powers.

(3) The Inspector General offices of the Department of Commerce, Department of Education, 

Department of Energy, Department of Health and Human Services, Department of Homeland 

Security, Department of Housing and Urban Development, Department of the Interior, 

Department of Justice, Department of Labor, Department of State, Department of Transportation, 

Department of the Treasury, Department of Veterans Affairs, Agency for International 
Development, Environmental Protection Agency, Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, 

Federal Emergency Management Agency, General Services Administration, National 

Aeronautics and Space Administration, Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Office of Personnel 

Management, Railroad Retirement Board, Small Business Administration, Social Security 

Administration, and the Tennessee Valley Authority are exempt from the requirement of 

paragraph (2) of an initial determination of eligibility by the Attorney General.

(4) The Attorney General shall promulgate, and revise as appropriate, guidelines which shall 

govern the exercise of the law enforcement powers established under paragraph (1).

(5)(A) Powers authorized for an Office of Inspector General under paragraph (1) may be 

rescinded or suspended upon a determination by the Attorney General that any of the 

requirements under paragraph (2) is no longer satisfied or that the exercise of authorized powers 

by that Office of Inspector General has not complied with the guidelines promulgated by the 

Attorney General under paragraph (4).

(B) Powers authorized to be exercised by any individual under paragraph (1) may be rescinded 

or suspended with respect to that individual upon a determination by the Attorney General that 

such individual has not complied with guidelines promulgated by the Attorney General under 

paragraph (4).

(6) A determination by the Attorney General under paragraph (2) or (5) shall not be reviewable 

in or by any court.

(7) To ensure the proper exercise of the law enforcement powers authorized by this subsection, 

the Offices of Inspector General described under paragraph (3) shall, not later than 180 days after 

the date of enactment of this subsection, collectively enter into a memorandum of understanding 

to establish an external review process for ensuring that adequate internal safeguards and 

management procedures continue to exist within each Office and within any Office that later 

receives an authorization under paragraph (2). The review process shall be established in 

consultation with the Attorney General, who shall be provided with a copy of the memorandum 

of understanding that establishes the review process. Under the review process, the exercise of 

the law enforcement powers by each Office of Inspector General shall be reviewed periodically 

by another Office of Inspector General or by a committee of Inspectors General. The results of 

each review shall be communicated in writing to the applicable Inspector General and to the 

Attorney General.

(8) No provision of this subsection shall limit the exercise of law enforcement powers 

established under any other statutory authority, including United States Marshals Service special 

deputation.

(9) In this subsection, the term “Inspector General” means an Inspector General appointed under 

section 3 or an Inspector General appointed under section 8G.

(f)(1) For each fiscal year, an Inspector General shall transmit a budget estimate and request to 

the head of the establishment or designated Federal entity to which the Inspector General reports. 
The budget request shall specify the aggregate amount of funds requested for such fiscal year for 

the operations of that Inspector General and shall specify the amount requested for all training 

needs, including a certification from the Inspector General that the amount requested satisfies all 

training requirements for the Inspector General's office for that fiscal year, and any resources 

necessary to support the Council of the Inspectors General on Integrity and Efficiency. 

Resources necessary to support the Council of the Inspectors General on Integrity and Efficiency 

shall be specifically identified and justified in the budget request.

(2) In transmitting a proposed budget to the President for approval, the head of each 

establishment or designated Federal entity shall include—

(A) an aggregate request for the Inspector General;

(B) amounts for Inspector General training;

(C) amounts for support of the Council of the Inspectors General on Integrity and Efficiency; and

(D) any comments of the affected Inspector General with respect to the proposal.

(3) The President shall include in each budget of the United States Government submitted to 

Congress—

(A) a separate statement of the budget estimate prepared in accordance with paragraph (1);

(B) the amount requested by the President for each Inspector General;

(C) the amount requested by the President for training of Inspectors General;

(D) the amount requested by the President for support for the Council of the Inspectors General 

on Integrity and Efficiency; and

(E) any comments of the affected Inspector General with respect to the proposal if the Inspector 

General concludes that the budget submitted by the President would substantially inhibit the 

Inspector General from performing the duties of the office.

(Pub. L. 95–452, §6, Oct. 12, 1978, 92 Stat. 1104; Pub. L. 100–504, title I, §§107, 110(a), Oct. 

18, 1988, 102 Stat. 2528, 2529; Pub. L. 107–296, title VIII, §812(a), Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 

2222; Pub. L. 110–409, §§8, 9, 11, 14(a), Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4313–4316.)

§7. Complaints by employees; disclosure of identity; reprisals

(a) The Inspector General may receive and investigate complaints or information from an 

employee of the establishment concerning the possible existence of an activity constituting a 

violation of law, rules, or regulations, or mismanagement, gross waste of funds, abuse of 

authority or a substantial and specific danger to the public health and safety.
(b) The Inspector General shall not, after receipt of a complaint or information from an 

employee, disclose the identity of the employee without the consent of the employee, unless the 

Inspector General determines such disclosure is unavoidable during the course of the 

investigation.

(c) Any employee who has authority to take, direct others to take, recommend, or approve any 

personnel action, shall not, with respect to such authority, take or threaten to take any action 

against any employee as a reprisal for making a complaint or disclosing information to an 

Inspector General, unless the complaint was made or the information disclosed with the 

knowledge that it was false or with willful disregard for its truth or falsity.

(Pub. L. 95–452, §7, Oct. 12, 1978, 92 Stat. 1105.)

§8. Additional provisions with respect to the Inspector General of the 

Department of Defense

(a) No member of the Armed Forces, active or reserve, shall be appointed Inspector General of 

the Department of Defense.

(b)(1) Notwithstanding the last two sentences of section 3(a), the Inspector General shall be 

under the authority, direction, and control of the Secretary of Defense with respect to audits or 

investigations, or the issuance of subpoenas, which require access to information concerning—

(A) sensitive operational plans;

(B) intelligence matters;

(C) counterintelligence matters;

(D) ongoing criminal investigations by other administrative units of the Department of Defense 

related to national security; or

(E) other matters the disclosure of which would constitute a serious threat to national security.

(2) With respect to the information described in paragraph (1) the Secretary of Defense may 

prohibit the Inspector General from initiating, carrying out, or completing any audit or 

investigation, or from issuing any subpoena, after the Inspector General has decided to initiate, 

carry out or complete such audit or investigation or to issue such subpoena, if the Secretary 

determines that such prohibition is necessary to preserve the national security interests of the 

United States.

(3) If the Secretary of Defense exercises any power under paragraph (1) or (2), the Inspector 

General shall submit a statement concerning such exercise within thirty days to the Committees 

on Armed Services and Governmental Affairs of the Senate and the Committee on Armed 

Services and the Committee on Government Reform and Oversight of the House of 

Representatives and to other appropriate committees or subcommittees of the Congress.
(4) The Secretary shall, within thirty days after submission of a statement under paragraph (3), 

transmit a statement of the reasons for the exercise of power under paragraph (1) or (2) to the 

congressional committees specified in paragraph (3) and to other appropriate committees or 

subcommittees.

(c) In addition to the other duties and responsibilities specified in this Act, the Inspector General 

of the Department of Defense shall—

(1) be the principal adviser to the Secretary of Defense for matters relating to the prevention and 

detection of fraud, waste, and abuse in the programs and operations of the Department;

(2) initiate, conduct, and supervise such audits and investigations in the Department of Defense 

(including the military departments) as the Inspector General considers appropriate;

(3) provide policy direction for audits and investigations relating to fraud, waste, and abuse and 

program effectiveness;

(4) investigate fraud, waste, and abuse uncovered as a result of other contract and internal audits, 

as the Inspector General considers appropriate;

(5) develop policy, monitor and evaluate program performance, and provide guidance with 

respect to all Department activities relating to criminal investigation programs;

(6) monitor and evaluate the adherence of Department auditors to internal audit, contract audit, 

and internal review principles, policies, and procedures;

(7) develop policy, evaluate program performance, and monitor actions taken by all components 

of the Department in response to contract audits, internal audits, internal review reports, and 

audits conducted by the Comptroller General of the United States;

(8) request assistance as needed from other audit, inspection, and investigative units of the 

Department of Defense (including military departments);

(9) give particular regard to the activities of the internal audit, inspection, and investigative units 

of the military departments with a view toward avoiding duplication and insuring effective 

coordination and cooperation; and

(10) conduct, or approve arrangements for the conduct of, external peer reviews of Department 

of Defense audit agencies in accordance with and in such frequency as provided by Government 

auditing standards as established by the Comptroller General of the United States.

(d) Notwithstanding section 4(d), the Inspector General of the Department of Defense shall 

expeditiously report suspected or alleged violations of chapter 47 of title 10, United States Code 

(Uniform Code of Military Justice), to the Secretary of the military department concerned or the 

Secretary of Defense.
(e) For the purposes of section 7, a member of the Armed Forces shall be deemed to be an 

employee of the Department of Defense, except that, when the Coast Guard operates as a service 

of another department or agency of the Federal Government, a member of the Coast Guard shall 

be deemed to be an employee of such department or agency.

(f)(1) Each semiannual report prepared by the Inspector General of the Department of Defense 

under section 5(a) shall be transmitted by the Secretary of Defense to the Committees on Armed 

Services and on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate and the Committees 

on Armed Services and on Oversight and Government Reform of the House of Representatives 

and to other appropriate committees or subcommittees of Congress. Each such report shall 

include—

(A) information concerning the numbers and types of contract audits conducted by the 

Department during the reporting period; and

(B) information concerning any Department of Defense audit agency that, during the reporting 

period, has either received a failed opinion from an external peer review or is overdue for an 

external peer review required to be conducted in accordance with subsection (c)(10).

(2) Any report required to be transmitted by the Secretary of Defense to the appropriate 

committees or subcommittees of the Congress under section 5(d) shall also be transmitted, within 

the seven-day period specified in such section, to the congressional committees specified in 

paragraph (1).

(g) The provisions of section 1385 of title 18, United States Code, shall not apply to audits and 

investigations conducted by, under the direction of, or at the request of the Inspector General of 

the Department of Defense to carry out the purposes of this Act.

(h)(1) There is a General Counsel to the Inspector General of the Department of Defense, who 

shall be appointed by the Inspector General of the Department of Defense.

(2)(A) Notwithstanding section 140(b) of title 10, United States Code, the General Counsel is the 

chief legal officer of the Office of the Inspector General.

(B) The Inspector General is the exclusive legal client of the General Counsel.

(C) The General Counsel shall perform such functions as the Inspector General may prescribe.

(D) The General Counsel shall serve at the discretion of the Inspector General.

(3) There is an Office of the General Counsel to the Inspector General of the Department of 

Defense. The Inspector General may appoint to the Office to serve as staff of the General 

Counsel such legal counsel as the Inspector General considers appropriate.

(i)(1) The Inspector General of the Department of Defense is authorized to require by subpoena 

the attendance and testimony of witnesses as necessary in the performance of functions assigned 
to the Inspector General by this Act, except that the Inspector General shall use procedures other 

than subpoenas to obtain attendance and testimony from Federal employees.

(2) A subpoena issued under this subsection, in the case of contumacy or refusal to obey, shall be 

enforceable by order of any appropriate United States district court.

(3) The Inspector General shall notify the Attorney General 7 days before issuing any subpoena 

under this section.

(Pub. L. 95–452, §8, Oct. 12, 1978, 92 Stat. 1105; Pub. L. 97–252, title XI, §1117(b), Sept. 8, 

1982, 96 Stat. 751; Pub. L. 100–504, title I, §110(b), Oct. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 2529; Pub. L. 104–

106, div. A, title XV, §1502(f)(6), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 510; Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title X, 

§1067(17), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 775; Pub. L. 110–417, [div. A], title IX, §907, Oct. 14, 2008, 

122 Stat. 4569; Pub. L. 111–84, div. A, title X, §1042, Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2455; Pub. L. 

112–239, div. A, title XVI, §1614, Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 2066.)

§8A. Special provisions relating to the Agency for International Development

(a) In addition to the other duties and responsibilities specified in this Act, the Inspector General 

of the Agency for International Development shall supervise, direct, and control all security 

activities relating to the programs and operations of that Agency, subject to the supervision of the 

Administrator of that Agency.

(b) In addition to the Assistant Inspector Generals provided for in section 3(d) of this Act, the 

Inspector General of the Agency for International Development shall, in accordance with 

applicable laws and regulations governing the civil service, appoint an Assistant Inspector 

General for Security who shall have the responsibility for supervising the performance of 

security activities relating to programs and operations of the Agency for International 

Development.

(c) In addition to the officers and employees provided for in section 6(a)(6) of this Act, members 

of the Foreign Service may, at the request of the Inspector General of the Agency for 

International Development, be assigned as employees of the Inspector General. Members of the 

Foreign Service so assigned shall be responsible solely to the Inspector General, and the 

Inspector General (or his or her designee) shall prepare the performance evaluation reports for 

such members.

(d) In establishing and staffing field offices pursuant to section 6(c) of this Act, the 

Administrator of the Agency for International Development shall not be bound by overseas 

personnel ceilings established under the Monitoring Overseas Direct Employment policy.

(e) The Inspector General of the Agency for International Development shall be in addition to 

the officers provided for in section 624(a) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 [22 U.S.C. 

2384(a)].
(f) As used in this Act, the term “Agency for International Development” includes any successor 

agency primarily responsible for administering part I of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 [22 

U.S.C. 2151 et seq.].

(Pub. L. 95–452, §8A, as added Pub. L. 97–113, title VII, §705(a)(3), Dec. 29, 1981, 95 Stat. 

1544; amended Pub. L. 105–277, div. G, subdiv. A, title XIV, §1422(b)(2), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 

Stat. 2681–792; Pub. L. 106–113, div. B, §1000(a)(7) [div. A, title II, §205], Nov. 29, 1999, 113 

Stat. 1536, 1501A–422.)

§8B. Special provisions concerning the Nuclear Regulatory Commission

(a) The Chairman of the Commission may delegate the authority specified in the second sentence 

of section 3(a) to another member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, but shall not delegate 

such authority to any other officer or employee of the Commission.

(b) Notwithstanding sections 6(a)(7) and (8), the Inspector General of the Nuclear Regulatory 

Commission is authorized to select, appoint, and employ such officers and employees as may be 

necessary for carrying out the functions, powers and duties of the Office of Inspector General 

and to obtain the temporary or intermittent services of experts or consultants or an organization 

thereof, subject to the applicable laws and regulations that govern such selections, appointments 

and employment, and the obtaining of such services, within the Nuclear Regulatory Commission.

(Pub. L. 95–452, §8B, as added Pub. L. 100–504, title I, §102(f), Oct. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 2517.)

§8C. Special provisions concerning the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation

(a) Delegation.—The Chairperson of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation may delegate 

the authority specified in the second sentence of section 3(a) to the Vice Chairperson of the 

Board of Directors of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, but may not delegate such 

authority to any other officer or employee of the Corporation.

(b) Personnel.—Notwithstanding paragraphs (7) and (8) of section 6(a), the Inspector General of 

the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation may select, appoint, and employ such officers and 

employees as may be necessary for carrying out the functions, powers, and duties of the Office 

of Inspector General and to obtain the temporary or intermittent services of experts or

consultants or an organization of experts or consultants, subject to the applicable laws and 

regulations that govern such selections, appointments, and employment, and the obtaining of 

such services, within the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.

(Pub. L. 95–452, §8C, as added Pub. L. 103–204, §23(a)(2), Dec. 17, 1993, 107 Stat. 2407.)

§8D. Special provisions concerning the Department of the Treasury

(a)(1) Notwithstanding the last two sentences of section 3(a), the Inspector General of the 

Department of the Treasury shall be under the authority, direction, and control of the Secretary 
of the Treasury with respect to audits or investigations, or the issuance of subpenas, which 

require access to sensitive information concerning—

(A) ongoing criminal investigations or proceedings;

(B) undercover operations;

(C) the identity of confidential sources, including protected witnesses;

(D) deliberations and decisions on policy matters, including documented information used as a 

basis for making policy decisions, the disclosure of which could reasonably be expected to have 

a significant influence on the economy or market behavior;

(E) intelligence or counterintelligence matters; or

(F) other matters the disclosure of which would constitute a serious threat to national security or 

to the protection of any person or property authorized protection by section 3056 of title 18, 

United States Code, section 3056A of title 18, United States Code, or any provision of the 

Presidential Protection Assistance Act of 1976 (18 U.S.C. 3056 note; Public Law 94–524).

(2) With respect to the information described under paragraph (1), the Secretary of the Treasury 

may prohibit the Inspector General of the Department of the Treasury from carrying out or 

completing any audit or investigation, or from issuing any subpena, after such Inspector General 

has decided to initiate, carry out, or complete such audit or investigation or to issue such 

subpena, if the Secretary determines that such prohibition is necessary to prevent the disclosure 

of any information described under paragraph (1) or to prevent significant impairment to the 

national interests of the United States.

(3) If the Secretary of the Treasury exercises any power under paragraph (1) or (2), the Secretary 

of the Treasury shall notify the Inspector General of the Department of the Treasury in writing 

stating the reasons for such exercise. Within 30 days after receipt of any such notice, the 

Inspector General of the Department of the Treasury shall transmit a copy of such notice to the 

Committees on Governmental Affairs and Finance of the Senate and the Committees on 

Government Operations and Ways and Means of the House of Representatives, and to other 

appropriate committees or subcommittees of the Congress.

(4) The Secretary of the Treasury may not exercise any power under paragraph (1) or (2) with 

respect to the Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration.

(b)(1) In carrying out the duties and responsibilities specified in this Act, the Inspector General 

of the Department of the Treasury shall have oversight responsibility for the internal 

investigations performed by the Office of Internal Affairs of the Tax and Trade Bureau. The head 

of such office shall promptly report to the Inspector General of the Department of the Treasury 

the significant activities being carried out by such office.
(2) The Inspector General of the Department of the Treasury shall exercise all duties and 

responsibilities of an Inspector General for the Department of the Treasury other than the duties 

and responsibilities exercised by the Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration.

(3) The Secretary of the Treasury shall establish procedures under which the Inspector General 

of the Department of the Treasury and the Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration 

will—

(A) determine how audits and investigations are allocated in cases of overlapping jurisdiction; 

and

(B) provide for coordination, cooperation, and efficiency in the conduct of such audits and 

investigations.

(c) Notwithstanding subsection (b), the Inspector General of the Department of the Treasury may 

initiate, conduct and supervise such audits and investigations in the Department of the Treasury 

(including the bureau referred to in subsection (b)) as the Inspector General of the Department of 

the Treasury considers appropriate.

(d) If the Inspector General of the Department of the Treasury initiates an audit or investigation 

under subsection (c) concerning the bureau referred to in subsection (b), the Inspector General of 

the Department of the Treasury may provide the head of the office of such bureau referred to in 

subsection (b) with written notice that the Inspector General of the Department of the Treasury 

has initiated such an audit or investigation. If the Inspector General of the Department of the 

Treasury issues a notice under the preceding sentence, no other audit or investigation shall be 

initiated into the matter under audit or investigation by the Inspector General of the Department 

of the Treasury and any other audit or investigation of such matter shall cease.

(e)(1) The Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration shall have access to returns and 

return information, as defined in section 6103(b) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 [26 

U.S.C. 6103(b)], only in accordance with the provisions of section 6103 of such Code [26 U.S.C. 

6103] and this Act.

(2) The Internal Revenue Service shall maintain the same system of standardized records or 

accountings of all requests from the Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration for 

inspection or disclosure of returns and return information (including the reasons for and dates of 

such requests), and of returns and return information inspected or disclosed pursuant to such 

requests, as described under section 6103(p)(3)(A) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 [26 

U.S.C. 6103(p)(3)(A)]. Such system of standardized records or accountings shall also be 

available for examination in the same manner as provided under section 6103(p)(3) of the 

Internal Revenue Code of 1986.

(3) The Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration shall be subject to the same 

safeguards and conditions for receiving returns and return information as are described under 

section 6103(p)(4) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 [26 U.S.C. 6103(p)(4)].
(f) An audit or investigation conducted by the Inspector General of the Department of the 

Treasury or the Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration shall not affect a final 

decision of the Secretary of the Treasury or his delegate under section 6406 of the Internal 

Revenue Code of 1986 [26 U.S.C. 6406].

(g)(1) Any report required to be transmitted by the Secretary of the Treasury to the appropriate 

committees or subcommittees of the Congress under section 5(d) shall also be transmitted, within 

the seven-day period specified under such section, to the Committees on Governmental Affairs 

and Finance of the Senate and the Committees on Government Reform and Oversight and Ways 

and Means of the House of Representatives.

(2) Any report made by the Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration that is required to 

be transmitted by the Secretary of the Treasury to the appropriate committees or subcommittees 

of Congress under section 5(d) shall also be transmitted, within the 7-day period specified under 

such subsection, to the Internal Revenue Service Oversight Board and the Commissioner of 

Internal Revenue.

(h) The Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration shall exercise all duties and 

responsibilities of an Inspector General of an establishment with respect to the Department of the 

Treasury and the Secretary of the Treasury on all matters relating to the Internal Revenue 

Service. The Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration shall have sole authority under 

this Act to conduct an audit or investigation of the Internal Revenue Service Oversight Board 

and the Chief Counsel for the Internal Revenue Service.

(i) In addition to the requirements of the first sentence of section 3(a), the Treasury Inspector 

General for Tax Administration should have demonstrated ability to lead a large and complex 

organization.

(j) An individual appointed to the position of Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration, 

the Assistant Inspector General for Auditing of the Office of the Treasury Inspector General for 

Tax Administration under section 3(d)(1)(A), the Assistant Inspector General for Investigations 

of the Office of the Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration under section 3(d)(1)(B), 

or any position of Deputy Inspector General of the Office of the Treasury Inspector General for 

Tax Administration may not be an employee of the Internal Revenue Service—

(1) during the 2-year period preceding the date of appointment to such position; or

(2) during the 5-year period following the date such individual ends service in such position.

(k)(1) In addition to the duties and responsibilities exercised by an inspector general of an 

establishment, the Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration—

(A) shall have the duty to enforce criminal provisions under section 7608(b) of the Internal 

Revenue Code of 1986 [26 U.S.C. 7608(b)];
(B) in addition to the functions authorized under section 7608(b)(2) of such Code, may carry 

firearms;

(C) shall be responsible for protecting the Internal Revenue Service against external attempts to 

corrupt or threaten employees of the Internal Revenue Service, but shall not be responsible for 

the conducting of background checks and the providing of protection to the Commissioner of 

Internal Revenue; and

(D) may designate any employee in the Office of the Treasury Inspector General for Tax 

Administration to enforce such laws and perform such functions referred to under subparagraphs 

(A), (B), and (C).

(2)(A) In performing a law enforcement function under paragraph (1), the Treasury Inspector 

General for Tax Administration shall report any reasonable grounds to believe there has been a 

violation of Federal criminal law to the Attorney General at an appropriate time as determined by 

the Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration, notwithstanding section 4(d).

(B) In the administration of section 5(d) and subsection (g)(2) of this section, the Secretary of the 

Treasury may transmit the required report with respect to the Treasury Inspector General for Tax 

Administration at an appropriate time as determined by the Secretary, if the problem, abuse, or 

deficiency relates to—

(i) the performance of a law enforcement function under paragraph (1); and

(ii) sensitive information concerning matters under subsection (a)(1)(A) through (F).

(3) Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to affect the authority of any other person to 

carry out or enforce any provision specified in paragraph (1).

(l)(1) The Commissioner of Internal Revenue or the Internal Revenue Service Oversight Board 

may request, in writing, the Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration to conduct an 

audit or investigation relating to the Internal Revenue Service. If the Treasury Inspector General 

for Tax Administration determines not to conduct such audit or investigation, the Inspector 

General shall timely provide a written explanation for such determination to the person making 

the request.

(2)(A) Any final report of an audit conducted by the Treasury Inspector General for Tax 

Administration shall be timely submitted by the Inspector General to the Commissioner of 

Internal Revenue and the Internal Revenue Service Oversight Board.

(B) The Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration shall periodically submit to the 

Commissioner and Board a list of investigations for which a final report has been completed by 

the Inspector General and shall provide a copy of any such report upon request of the 

Commissioner or Board.
(C) This paragraph applies regardless of whether the applicable audit or investigation is 

requested under paragraph (1).

(Pub. L. 95–452, §8D, formerly §8C, as added Pub. L. 100–504, title I, §102(f), Oct. 18, 1988, 

102 Stat. 2518; renumbered §8D, Pub. L. 103–204, §23(a)(3), Dec. 17, 1993, 107 Stat. 2408; 

amended Pub. L. 105–206, title I, §1103(b), (e)(1), (2), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 705, 709; Pub. L. 

107–296, title XI, §1112(a)(1), Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2275; Pub. L. 108–7, div. L, §104(c)(2), 

Feb. 20, 2003, 117 Stat. 531; Pub. L. 109–177, title VI, §605(e)(3), Mar. 9, 2006, 120 Stat. 255; 

Pub. L. 110–409, §14(b), Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4316; Pub. L. 112–199, title I, §117(b), Nov. 

27, 2012, 126 Stat. 1475.)

§8E. Special provisions concerning the Department of Justice

(a)(1) Notwithstanding the last two sentences of section 3(a), the Inspector General shall be 

under the authority, direction, and control of the Attorney General with respect to audits or 

investigations, or the issuance of subpenas, which require access to sensitive information 

concerning—

(A) ongoing civil or criminal investigations or proceedings;

(B) undercover operations;

(C) the identity of confidential sources, including protected witnesses;

(D) intelligence or counterintelligence matters; or

(E) other matters the disclosure of which would constitute a serious threat to national security.

(2) With respect to the information described under paragraph (1), the Attorney General may 

prohibit the Inspector General from carrying out or completing any audit or investigation, or 

from issuing any subpena, after such Inspector General has decided to initiate, carry out, or 

complete such audit or investigation or to issue such subpena, if the Attorney General determines 

that such prohibition is necessary to prevent the disclosure of any information described under 

paragraph (1) or to prevent the significant impairment to the national interests of the United 

States.

(3) If the Attorney General exercises any power under paragraph (1) or (2), the Attorney General 

shall notify the Inspector General in writing stating the reasons for such exercise. Within 30 days 

after receipt of any such notice, the Inspector General shall transmit a copy of such notice to the 

Committees on Governmental Affairs and Judiciary of the Senate and the Committees on 

Government Operations and Judiciary of the House of Representatives, and to other appropriate 

committees or subcommittees of the Congress.

(b) In carrying out the duties and responsibilities specified in this Act, the Inspector General of 

the Department of Justice—
(1) may initiate, conduct and supervise such audits and investigations in the Department of 

Justice as the Inspector General considers appropriate;

(2) except as specified in subsection (a) and paragraph (3), may investigate allegations of 

criminal wrongdoing or administrative misconduct by an employee of the Department of Justice, 

or may, in the discretion of the Inspector General, refer such allegations to the Office of 

Professional Responsibility or the internal affairs office of the appropriate component of the 

Department of Justice;

(3) shall refer to the Counsel, Office of Professional Responsibility of the Department of Justice, 

allegations of misconduct involving Department attorneys, investigators, or law enforcement 

personnel, where the allegations relate to the exercise of the authority of an attorney to 

investigate, litigate, or provide legal advice, except that no such referral shall be made if the 

attorney is employed in the Office of Professional Responsibility;

(4) may investigate allegations of criminal wrongdoing or administrative misconduct by a person 

who is the head of any agency or component of the Department of Justice; and

(5) shall forward the results of any investigation conducted under paragraph (4), along with any 

appropriate recommendation for disciplinary action, to the Attorney General.

(c) Any report required to be transmitted by the Attorney General to the appropriate committees 

or subcommittees of the Congress under section 5(d) shall also be transmitted, within the sevenday period specified under such section, to the Committees on the Judiciary and Governmental 

Affairs of the Senate and the Committees on the Judiciary and Government Operations of the 

House of Representatives.

(d) The Attorney General shall ensure by regulation that any component of the Department of 

Justice receiving a nonfrivolous allegation of criminal wrongdoing or administrative misconduct 

by an employee of the Department of Justice, except with respect to allegations described in 

subsection (b)(3), shall report that information to the Inspector General.

(Pub. L. 95–452, §8E, formerly §8D, as added Pub. L. 100–504, title I, §102(f), Oct. 18, 1988, 

102 Stat. 2520; renumbered §8E, Pub. L. 103–204, §23(a)(3), Dec. 17, 1993, 107 Stat. 2408; 

Pub. L. 107–273, div. A, title III, §308, Nov. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 1784.)

§8F. Special provisions concerning the Corporation for National and Community 

Service

(a) Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraphs (7) and (8) of section 6(a), it is within the 

exclusive jurisdiction of the Inspector General of the Corporation for National and Community 

Service to—

(1) appoint and determine the compensation of such officers and employees in accordance with 

section 195(b) of the National and Community Service Act of 1990 [42 U.S.C. 12651f(b)]; and
(2) procure the temporary and intermittent services of and compensate such experts and 

consultants, in accordance with section 3109(b) of title 5, United States Code,

as may be necessary to carry out the functions, powers, and duties of the Inspector General.

(b) No later than the date on which the Chief Executive Officer of the Corporation for National 

and Community Service transmits any report to the Congress under subsection (a) or (b) of 

section 5, the Chief Executive Officer shall transmit such report to the Board of Directors of such 

Corporation.

(c) No later than the date on which the Chief Executive Officer of the Corporation for National 

and Community Service transmits a report described under section 5(b) to the Board of Directors 

as provided under subsection (b) of this section, the Chief Executive Officer shall also transmit 

any audit report which is described in the statement required under section 5(b)(4) to the Board 

of Directors. All such audit reports shall be placed on the agenda for review at the next scheduled 

meeting of the Board of Directors following such transmittal. The Chief Executive Officer of the 

Corporation shall be present at such meeting to provide any information relating to such audit 

reports.

(d) No later than the date on which the Inspector General of the Corporation for National and 

Community Service reports a problem, abuse, or deficiency under section 5(d) to the Chief 

Executive Officer of the Corporation, the Chief Executive Officer shall report such problem, 

abuse, or deficiency to the Board of Directors.

(Pub. L. 95–452, §8F, formerly §8E, as added Pub. L. 103–82, title II, §202(g)(1), Sept. 21, 

1993, 107 Stat. 889; renumbered §8F, Pub. L. 103–204, §23(a)(3), Dec. 17, 1993, 107 Stat. 

2408; amended Pub. L. 111–13, title IV, §4101, Apr. 21, 2009, 123 Stat. 1597.)

§8G. Requirements for Federal entities and designated Federal entities

(a) Notwithstanding section 12 of this Act, as used in this section—

(1) the term “Federal entity” means any Government corporation (within the meaning of section 

103(1) of title 5, United States Code), any Government controlled corporation (within the 

meaning of section 103(2) of such title), or any other entity in the Executive branch of the 

Government, or any independent regulatory agency, but does not include—

(A) an establishment (as defined under section 12(2) of this Act) or part of an establishment;

(B) a designated Federal entity (as defined under paragraph (2) of this subsection) or part of a 

designated Federal entity;

(C) the Executive Office of the President;

(D) the Central Intelligence Agency;
(E) the Government Accountability Office; or

(F) any entity in the judicial or legislative branches of the Government, including the 

Administrative Office of the United States Courts and the Architect of the Capitol and any 

activities under the direction of the Architect of the Capitol;

(2) the term “designated Federal entity” means Amtrak, the Appalachian Regional Commission, 

the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and the Bureau of Consumer Financial 

Protection, the Board for International Broadcasting, the Commodity Futures Trading 

Commission, the Consumer Product Safety Commission, the Corporation for Public 

Broadcasting, the Defense Intelligence Agency, the Denali Commission, the Equal Employment 

Opportunity Commission, the Farm Credit Administration, the Federal Communications 

Commission, the Federal Election Commission, the Election Assistance Commission, the 

Federal Housing Finance Board, the Federal Labor Relations Authority, the Federal Maritime 

Commission, the Federal Trade Commission, the Legal Services Corporation, the National 

Archives and Records Administration, the National Credit Union Administration, the National 

Endowment for the Arts, the National Endowment for the Humanities, the National GeospatialIntelligence Agency, the National Labor Relations Board, the National Reconnaissance Office, 

the National Security Agency, the National Science Foundation, the Panama Canal Commission, 

the Peace Corps, the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation, the Securities and Exchange 

Commission, the Smithsonian Institution, the United States International Trade Commission, the 

Postal Regulatory Commission, and the United States Postal Service;

(3) the term “head of the Federal entity” means any person or persons designated by statute as 

the head of a Federal entity, and if no such designation exists, the chief policymaking officer or 

board of a Federal entity as identified in the list published pursuant to subsection (h)(1) of this 

section;

(4) the term “head of the designated Federal entity” means the board or commission of the 

designated Federal entity, or in the event the designated Federal entity does not have a board or 

commission, any person or persons designated by statute as the head of a designated Federal 

entity and if no such designation exists, the chief policymaking officer or board of a designated 

Federal entity as identified in the list published pursuant to subsection (h)(1) of this section, 

except that—

(A) with respect to the National Science Foundation, such term means the National Science 

Board;

(B) with respect to the United States Postal Service, such term means the Governors (within the 

meaning of section 102(3) of title 39, United States Code);

(C) with respect to the Federal Labor Relations Authority, such term means the members of the 

Authority (described under section 7104 of title 5, United States Code);

(D) with respect to the National Archives and Records Administration, such term means the 

Archivist of the United States;
(E) with respect to the National Credit Union Administration, such term means the National 

Credit Union Administration Board (described under section 102 of the Federal Credit Union 

Act (12 U.S.C. 1752a); 

(F) with respect to the National Endowment of the Arts, such term means the National Council 

on the Arts;

(G) with respect to the National Endowment for the Humanities, such term means the National 

Council on the Humanities; and

(H) with respect to the Peace Corps, such term means the Director of the Peace Corps;

(5) the term “Office of Inspector General” means an Office of Inspector General of a designated 

Federal entity; and

(6) the term “Inspector General” means an Inspector General of a designated Federal entity.

(b) No later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this section [Oct. 18, 1988], there 

shall be established and maintained in each designated Federal entity an Office of Inspector 

General. The head of the designated Federal entity shall transfer to such office the offices, units, 

or other components, and the functions, powers, or duties thereof, that such head determines are 

properly related to the functions of the Office of Inspector General and would, if so transferred, 

further the purposes of this section. There shall not be transferred to such office any program 

operating responsibilities.

(c) Except as provided under subsection (f) of this section, the Inspector General shall be 

appointed by the head of the designated Federal entity in accordance with the applicable laws 

and regulations governing appointments within the designated Federal entity. Each Inspector 

General shall be appointed without regard to political affiliation and solely on the basis of 

integrity and demonstrated ability in accounting, auditing, financial analysis, law, management 

analysis, public administration, or investigations. For purposes of implementing this section, the 

Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System shall appoint the Inspector 

General of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and the Bureau of Consumer 

Financial Protection. The Inspector General of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve 

System and the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection shall have all of the authorities and 

responsibilities provided by this Act with respect to the Bureau of Consumer Financial 

Protection, as if the Bureau were part of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System.

(d)(1) Each Inspector General shall report to and be under the general supervision of the head of 

the designated Federal entity, but shall not report to, or be subject to supervision by, any other 

officer or employee of such designated Federal entity. Except as provided in paragraph (2), the 

head of the designated Federal entity shall not prevent or prohibit the Inspector General from 

initiating, carrying out, or completing any audit or investigation, or from issuing any subpena 

during the course of any audit or investigation.
(2)(A) The Secretary of Defense, in consultation with the Director of National Intelligence, may 

prohibit the inspector general of an element of the intelligence community specified in 

subparagraph (D) from initiating, carrying out, or completing any audit or investigation if the 

Secretary determines that the prohibition is necessary to protect vital national security interests 

of the United States.

(B) If the Secretary exercises the authority under subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall submit to 

the committees of Congress specified in subparagraph (E) an appropriately classified statement 

of the reasons for the exercise of such authority not later than 7 days after the exercise of such 

authority.

(C) At the same time the Secretary submits under subparagraph (B) a statement on the exercise 

of the authority in subparagraph (A) to the committees of Congress specified in subparagraph 

(E), the Secretary shall notify the inspector general of such element of the submittal of such 

statement and, to the extent consistent with the protection of intelligence sources and methods, 

provide such inspector general with a copy of such statement. Such inspector general may submit 

to such committees of Congress any comments on a notice or statement received by the inspector 

general under this subparagraph that the inspector general considers appropriate.

(D) The elements of the intelligence community specified in this subparagraph are as follows:

(i) The Defense Intelligence Agency.

(ii) The National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency.

(iii) The National Reconnaissance Office.

(iv) The National Security Agency.

(E) The committees of Congress specified in this subparagraph are—

(i) the Committee on Armed Services and the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate; 

and

(ii) the Committee on Armed Services and the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of 

the House of Representatives.

(e)(1) In the case of a designated Federal entity for which a board or commission is the head of 

the designated Federal entity, a removal under this subsection may only be made upon the 

written concurrence of a 2/3 majority of the board or commission.

(2) If an Inspector General is removed from office or is transferred to another position or location 

within a designated Federal entity, the head of the designated Federal entity shall communicate 

in writing the reasons for any such removal or transfer to both Houses of Congress, not later than 

30 days before the removal or transfer. Nothing in this subsection shall prohibit a personnel 

action otherwise authorized by law, other than transfer or removal.
(f)(1) For purposes of carrying out subsection (c) with respect to the United States Postal 

Service, the appointment provisions of section 202(e) of title 39, United States Code, shall be 

applied.

(2) In carrying out the duties and responsibilities specified in this Act, the Inspector General of 

the United States Postal Service (hereinafter in this subsection referred to as the “Inspector 

General”) shall have oversight responsibility for all activities of the Postal Inspection Service, 

including any internal investigation performed by the Postal Inspection Service. The Chief Postal 

Inspector shall promptly report the significant activities being carried out by the Postal 

Inspection Service to such Inspector General.

(3)(A)(i) Notwithstanding subsection (d), the Inspector General shall be under the authority, 

direction, and control of the Governors with respect to audits or investigations, or the issuance of 

subpoenas, which require access to sensitive information concerning—

(I) ongoing civil or criminal investigations or proceedings;

(II) undercover operations;

(III) the identity of confidential sources, including protected witnesses;

(IV) intelligence or counterintelligence matters; or

(V) other matters the disclosure of which would constitute a serious threat to national security.

(ii) With respect to the information described under clause (i), the Governors may prohibit the 

Inspector General from carrying out or completing any audit or investigation, or from issuing 

any subpoena, after such Inspector General has decided to initiate, carry out, or complete such 

audit or investigation or to issue such subpoena, if the Governors determine that such prohibition 

is necessary to prevent the disclosure of any information described under clause (i) or to prevent 

the significant impairment to the national interests of the United States.

(iii) If the Governors exercise any power under clause (i) or (ii), the Governors shall notify the 

Inspector General in writing stating the reasons for such exercise. Within 30 days after receipt of 

any such notice, the Inspector General shall transmit a copy of such notice to the Committee on 

Governmental Affairs of the Senate and the Committee on Government Reform and Oversight of 

the House of Representatives, and to other appropriate committees or subcommittees of the 

Congress.

(B) In carrying out the duties and responsibilities specified in this Act, the Inspector General—

(i) may initiate, conduct and supervise such audits and investigations in the United States Postal 

Service as the Inspector General considers appropriate; and

(ii) shall give particular regard to the activities of the Postal Inspection Service with a view 

toward avoiding duplication and insuring effective coordination and cooperation.
(C) Any report required to be transmitted by the Governors to the appropriate committees or 

subcommittees of the Congress under section 5(d) shall also be transmitted, within the seven-day 

period specified under such section, to the Committee on Governmental Affairs of the Senate 

and the Committee on Government Reform and Oversight of the House of Representatives.

(4) Nothing in this Act shall restrict, eliminate, or otherwise adversely affect any of the rights, 

privileges, or benefits of either employees of the United States Postal Service, or labor 

organizations representing employees of the United States Postal Service, under chapter 12 of 

title 39, United States Code, the National Labor Relations Act, any handbook or manual 

affecting employee labor relations with the United States Postal Service, or any collective 

bargaining agreement.

(5) As used in this subsection, the term “Governors” has the meaning given such term by section 

102(3) of title 39, United States Code.

(6) There are authorized to be appropriated, out of the Postal Service Fund, such sums as may be 

necessary for the Office of Inspector General of the United States Postal Service.

(g)(1) Sections 4, 5, 6 (other than subsections (a)(7) and (a)(8) thereof), and 7 of this Act shall 

apply to each Inspector General and Office of Inspector General of a designated Federal entity 

and such sections shall be applied to each designated Federal entity and head of the designated 

Federal entity (as defined under subsection (a)) by substituting—

(A) “designated Federal entity” for “establishment”; and

(B) “head of the designated Federal entity” for “head of the establishment”.

(2) In addition to the other authorities specified in this Act, an Inspector General is authorized to 

select, appoint, and employ such officers and employees as may be necessary for carrying out the 

functions, powers, and duties of the Office of Inspector General and to obtain the temporary or 

intermittent services of experts or consultants or an organization thereof, subject to the applicable 

laws and regulations that govern such selections, appointments, and employment, and the 

obtaining of such services, within the designated Federal entity.

(3) Notwithstanding the last sentence of subsection (d) of this section, the provisions of 

subsection (a) of section 8C (other than the provisions of subparagraphs (A), (B), (C), and (E) of 

subsection (a)(1)) shall apply to the Inspector General of the Board of Governors of the Federal 

Reserve System and the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection and the Chairman of the 

Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System in the same manner as such provisions apply 

to the Inspector General of the Department of the Treasury and the Secretary of the Treasury, 

respectively.

(4) Each Inspector General shall—
(A) in accordance with applicable laws and regulations governing appointments within the 

designated Federal entity, appoint a Counsel to the Inspector General who shall report to the 

Inspector General;

(B) obtain the services of a counsel appointed by and directly reporting to another Inspector 

General on a reimbursable basis; or

(C) obtain the services of appropriate staff of the Council of the Inspectors General on Integrity 

and Efficiency on a reimbursable basis.

(h)(1) No later than April 30, 1989, and annually thereafter, the Director of the Office of 

Management and Budget, after consultation with the Comptroller General of the United States, 

shall publish in the Federal Register a list of the Federal entities and designated Federal entities 

and if the designated Federal entity is not a board or commission, include the head of each such 

entity (as defined under subsection (a) of this section).

(2) Beginning on October 31, 1989, and on October 31 of each succeeding calendar year, the 

head of each Federal entity (as defined under subsection (a) of this section) shall prepare and 

transmit to the Director of the Office of Management and Budget and to each House of the 

Congress a report which—

(A) states whether there has been established in the Federal entity an office that meets the 

requirements of this section;

(B) specifies the actions taken by the Federal entity otherwise to ensure that audits are conducted 

of its programs and operations in accordance with the standards for audit of governmental 

organizations, programs, activities, and functions issued by the Comptroller General of the 

United States, and includes a list of each audit report completed by a Federal or non-Federal 

auditor during the reporting period and a summary of any particularly significant findings; and

(C) summarizes any matters relating to the personnel, programs, and operations of the Federal 

entity referred to prosecutive authorities, including a summary description of any preliminary 

investigation conducted by or at the request of the Federal entity concerning these matters, and 

the prosecutions and convictions which have resulted.

(Pub. L. 95–452, §8G, formerly §8E, as added Pub. L. 100–504, title I, §104(a), Oct. 18, 1988, 

102 Stat. 2522; amended Pub. L. 101–73, title VII, §702(c), Aug. 9, 1989, 103 Stat. 415; 

renumbered §8F and amended Pub. L. 103–82, title II, §202(g)(1), (2)(A), Sept. 21, 1993, 107 

Stat. 889, 890; renumbered §8G and amended Pub. L. 103–204, §23(a)(3), (4), Dec. 17, 1993, 

107 Stat. 2408; Pub. L. 104–88, title III, §319, Dec. 29, 1995, 109 Stat. 949; Pub. L. 104–208, 

div. A, title I, §101(f) [title VI, §662(b)(1), (2)], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–314, 3009–379; 

Pub. L. 105–134, title IV, §409(a)(1), Dec. 2, 1997, 111 Stat. 2586; Pub. L. 105–277, div. C, title 

III, §306(h), as added Pub. L. 106–31, title I, §105(a)(5), May 21, 1999, 113 Stat. 63; Pub. L. 

106–422, §1(b)(1), Nov. 1, 2000, 114 Stat. 1872; Pub. L. 107–252, title VIII, §812(a), Oct. 29, 

2002, 116 Stat. 1727; Pub. L. 108–271, §8(b), July 7, 2004, 118 Stat. 814; Pub. L. 109–435, title 

VI, §§603(b), 605(a), Dec. 20, 2006, 120 Stat. 3240, 3242; Pub. L. 110–409, §§2, 3(b), 6(b), 
7(d)(1), Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4302, 4305, 4313; Pub. L. 111–203, title IX, §§989B, 989D, 

title X, §1081, July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 1945, 1946, 2080; Pub. L. 111–259, title IV, §431(a), (c), 

Oct. 7, 2010, 124 Stat. 2731.)

§8H. Additional provisions with respect to Inspectors General of the Intelligence 

Community

(a)(1)(A) An employee of the Defense Intelligence Agency, the National Geospatial-Intelligence 

Agency, the National Reconnaissance Office, or the National Security Agency, or of a contractor 

of any of those Agencies, who intends to report to Congress a complaint or information with 

respect to an urgent concern may report the complaint or information to the Inspector General of 

the Department of Defense (or designee).

(B) An employee of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, or of a contractor of the Bureau, who 

intends to report to Congress a complaint or information with respect to an urgent concern may 

report the complaint or information to the Inspector General of the Department of Justice (or 

designee).

(C) Any other employee of, or contractor to, an executive agency, or element or unit thereof, 

determined by the President under section 2302(a)(2)(C)(ii) of title 5, United States Code, to 

have as its principal function the conduct of foreign intelligence or counterintelligence activities, 

who intends to report to Congress a complaint or information with respect to an urgent concern 

may report the complaint or information to the appropriate Inspector General (or designee) under 

this Act or section 17 of the Central Intelligence Agency Act of 1949 [50 U.S.C. 403q].

(2) If a designee of an Inspector General under this section receives a complaint or information 

of an employee with respect to an urgent concern, that designee shall report the complaint or 

information to the Inspector General within 7 calendar days of receipt.

(3) The Inspectors General of the Defense Intelligence Agency, the National GeospatialIntelligence Agency, the National Reconnaissance Office, and the National Security Agency 

shall be designees of the Inspector General of the Department of Defense for purposes of this 

section.

(b) Not later than the end of the 14-calendar day period beginning on the date of receipt of an 

employee complaint or information under subsection (a), the Inspector General shall determine 

whether the complaint or information appears credible. Upon making such a determination, the 

Inspector General shall transmit to the head of the establishment notice of that determination, 

together with the complaint or information.

(c) Upon receipt of a transmittal from the Inspector General under subsection (b), the head of the 

establishment shall, within 7 calendar days of such receipt, forward such transmittal to the 

intelligence committees, together with any comments the head of the establishment considers 

appropriate.
(d)(1) If the Inspector General does not find credible under subsection (b) a complaint or 

information submitted to the Inspector General under subsection (a), or does not transmit the 

complaint or information to the head of the establishment in accurate form under subsection (b), 

the employee (subject to paragraph (2)) may submit the complaint or information to Congress by 

contacting either or both of the intelligence committees directly.

(2) The employee may contact the intelligence committees directly as described in paragraph (1) 

only if the employee—

(A) before making such a contact, furnishes to the head of the establishment, through the 

Inspector General, a statement of the employee's complaint or information and notice of the 

employee's intent to contact the intelligence committees directly; and

(B) obtains and follows from the head of the establishment, through the Inspector General, 

direction on how to contact the intelligence committees in accordance with appropriate security 

practices.

(3) A member or employee of one of the intelligence committees who receives a complaint or 

information under paragraph (1) does so in that member or employee's official capacity as a 

member or employee of that committee.

(e) The Inspector General shall notify an employee who reports a complaint or information under 

this section of each action taken under this section with respect to the complaint or information. 

Such notice shall be provided not later than 3 days after any such action is taken.

(f) An action taken by the head of an establishment or an Inspector General under subsections (a) 

through (e) shall not be subject to judicial review.

(g)(1) The Inspector General of the Defense Intelligence Agency, the National GeospatialIntelligence Agency, the National Reconnaissance Office, and the National Security Agency 

shall each submit to the congressional intelligence committees each year a report that sets forth 

the following:

(A) The personnel and funds requested by such Inspector General for the fiscal year beginning in 

such year for the activities of the office of such Inspector General in such fiscal year.

(B) The plan of such Inspector General for such activities, including the programs and activities 

scheduled for review by the office of such Inspector General during such fiscal year.

(C) An assessment of the current ability of such Inspector General to hire and retain qualified 

personnel for the office of such Inspector General.

(D) Any matters that such Inspector General considers appropriate regarding the independence 

and effectiveness of the office of such Inspector General.
(2) The submittal date for a report under paragraph (1) each year shall be the date provided in 

section 507 of the National Security Act of 1947 [50 U.S.C. 415b].

(3) In this subsection, the term “congressional intelligence committees” shall have the meaning 

given that term in section 3 of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 401a).

(h) In this section:

(1) The term “urgent concern” means any of the following:

(A) A serious or flagrant problem, abuse, violation of law or Executive order, or deficiency 

relating to the funding, administration, or operations of an intelligence activity involving 

classified information, but does not include differences of opinions concerning public policy 

matters.

(B) A false statement to Congress, or a willful withholding from Congress, on an issue of 

material fact relating to the funding, administration, or operation of an intelligence activity.

(C) An action, including a personnel action described in section 2302(a)(2)(A) of title 5, United 

States Code, constituting reprisal or threat of reprisal prohibited under section 7(c) in response to 

an employee's reporting an urgent concern in accordance with this section.

(2) The term “intelligence committees” means the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence 

of the House of Representatives and the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate.

(Pub. L. 95–452, §8H, as added Pub. L. 105–272, title VII, §702(b)(1), Oct. 20, 1998, 112 Stat. 

2415; amended Pub. L. 107–108, title III, §309(b), Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1400; Pub. L. 107–

306, title VIII, §825, Nov. 27, 2002, 116 Stat. 2429; Pub. L. 110–417, [div. A], title IX, 

§931(b)(2), Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4575; Pub. L. 111–259, title IV, §431(b), Oct. 7, 2010, 124 

Stat. 2731.)

§8I. Special provisions concerning the Department of Homeland Security

(a)(1) Notwithstanding the last two sentences of section 3(a), the Inspector General of the 

Department of Homeland Security shall be under the authority, direction, and control of the 

Secretary of Homeland Security with respect to audits or investigations, or the issuance of 

subpoenas, that require access to sensitive information concerning—

(A) intelligence, counterintelligence, or counterterrorism matters;

(B) ongoing criminal investigations or proceedings;

(C) undercover operations;

(D) the identity of confidential sources, including protected witnesses;
(E) other matters the disclosure of which would, in the Secretary's judgment, constitute a serious 

threat to the protection of any person or property authorized protection by section 3056 of title 

18, United States Code, section 3056A of title 18 of such Code, or any provision of the 

Presidential Protection Assistance Act of 1976 (18 U.S.C. 3056 note); or

(F) other matters the disclosure of which would constitute a serious threat to national security.

(2) With respect to the information described in paragraph (1), the Secretary of Homeland 

Security may prohibit the Inspector General of the Department of Homeland Security from 

carrying out or completing any audit or investigation, or from issuing any subpoena, after such 

Inspector General has decided to initiate, carry out, or complete such audit or investigation or to 

issue such subpoena, if the Secretary determines that such prohibition is necessary to prevent the 

disclosure of any information described in paragraph (1), to preserve the national security, or to 

prevent a significant impairment to the interests of the United States.

(3) If the Secretary of Homeland Security exercises any power under paragraph (1) or (2), the 

Secretary shall notify the Inspector General of the Department of Homeland Security in writing 

within seven days stating the reasons for such exercise. Within 30 days after receipt of any such 

notice, the Inspector General shall transmit to the President of the Senate, the Speaker of the 

House of Representatives, and appropriate committees and subcommittees of Congress the 

following:

(A) A copy of such notice.

(B) A written response to such notice that includes a statement regarding whether the Inspector 

General agrees or disagrees with such exercise, and the reasons for any disagreement.

(b) The exercise of authority by the Secretary described in paragraph (2) should not be construed 

as limiting the right of Congress or any committee of Congress to access any information it 

seeks.

(c) Subject to the conditions established in subsections (a) and (b) above, in carrying out the 

duties and responsibilities specified in this Act, the Inspector General of the Department of 

Homeland Security may initiate, conduct, and supervise such audits and investigations in the 

Department of Homeland Security as the Inspector General considers appropriate.

(d) Any report required to be transmitted by the Secretary of Homeland Security to the 

appropriate committees or subcommittees of Congress under section 5(d) shall be transmitted, 

within the seven-day period specified under such section, to the President of the Senate, the 

Speaker of the House of Representatives, and appropriate committees and subcommittees of 

Congress.

(e) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, in carrying out the duties and responsibilities 

specified in this Act, the Inspector General of the Department of Homeland Security shall have 

oversight responsibility for the internal investigations performed by the Office of Internal Affairs 

of the United States Customs Service, the Office of Inspections of the United States Secret 
Service, the Bureau of Border Security, and the Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Services. 

The head of each such office or bureau shall promptly report to the Inspector General the 

significant activities being carried out by such office or bureau.

(f)(1) The Inspector General of the Department of Homeland Security shall designate a senior 

official within the Office of Inspector General, who shall be a career member of the civil service 

at the equivalent to the GS–15 level or a career member of the Senior Executive Service, to 

perform the functions described in paragraph (2).

(2) The senior official designated under paragraph (1) shall—

(A) coordinate the activities of the Office of Inspector General with respect to investigations of 

abuses of civil rights or civil liberties;

(B) receive and review complaints and information from any source alleging abuses of civil 

rights and civil liberties by employees or officials of the Department and employees or officials 

of independent contractors or grantees of the Department;

(C) initiate investigations of alleged abuses of civil rights or civil liberties by employees or 

officials of the Department and employees or officials of independent contractors or grantees of 

the Department;

(D) ensure that personnel within the Office of Inspector General receive sufficient training to 

conduct effective civil rights and civil liberties investigations;

(E) consult with the Officer for Civil Rights and Civil Liberties regarding—

(i) alleged abuses of civil rights or civil liberties; and

(ii) any policy recommendations regarding civil rights and civil liberties that may be founded 

upon an investigation by the Office of Inspector General;

(F) provide the Officer for Civil Rights and Civil Liberties with information regarding the 

outcome of investigations of alleged abuses of civil rights and civil liberties;

(G) refer civil rights and civil liberties matters that the Inspector General decides not to 

investigate to the Officer for Civil Rights and Civil Liberties;

(H) ensure that the Office of the Inspector General publicizes and provides convenient public 

access to information regarding—

(i) the procedure to file complaints or comments concerning civil rights and civil liberties 

matters; and

(ii) the status of corrective actions taken by the Department in response to Office of the Inspector 

General reports; and
(I) inform the Officer for Civil Rights and Civil Liberties of any weaknesses, problems, and 

deficiencies within the Department relating to civil rights or civil liberties.

(Pub. L. 95–452, §8I, as added Pub. L. 108–7, div. L, §104(b)(3), Feb. 20, 2003, 117 Stat. 529; 

amended Pub. L. 108–458, title VIII, §8304, Dec. 17, 2004, 118 Stat. 3868; Pub. L. 109–177, 

title VI, §605(e)(4), Mar. 9, 2006, 120 Stat. 255.)

§8J. Rule of construction of special provisions

The special provisions under section 8, 8A, 8B, 8C, 8D, 8E, 8F, or 8H of this Act relate only to 

the establishment named in such section and no inference shall be drawn from the presence or 

absence of a provision in any such section with respect to an establishment not named in such 

section or with respect to a designated Federal entity as defined under section 8G(a).

(Pub. L. 95–452, §8J, formerly §8F, as added Pub. L. 100–504, title I, §105, Oct. 18, 1988, 102 

Stat. 2525; renumbered §8G and amended Pub. L. 103–82, title II, §202(g)(1), (5)(B), Sept. 21, 

1993, 107 Stat. 889, 890; renumbered §8H, Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, §101(f) [title VI, 

§662(b)(3)], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–314, 3009–380; Pub. L. 105–206, title I, 

§1103(e)(3), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 709; renumbered §8I and amended Pub. L. 105–272, title 

VII, §702(b), Oct. 20, 1998, 112 Stat. 2415; renumbered §8J, Pub. L. 108–7, div. L, §104(b)(2),

Feb. 20, 2003, 117 Stat. 529.)

[§8K. Repealed. Pub. L. 111–259, title IV, §405(d), Oct. 7, 2010, 124 Stat. 2719]

Section, Pub. L. 95–452, §8K, as added Pub. L. 108–458, title I, §1078, Dec. 17, 2004, 118 Stat. 

3695, authorized the Director of National Intelligence to establish an Office of Inspector General 

of the Office of the Director of National Intelligence.

§8L. Special Provisions Concerning Overseas Contingency Operations

(a) Additional Responsibilities of Chair of Council of Inspectors General on Integrity and 

Efficiency.—Upon the commencement or designation of a military operation as an overseas 

contingency operation that exceeds 60 days, the Chair of the Council of Inspectors General on 

Integrity and Efficiency (CIGIE) shall, in consultation with the members of the Council, have the 

additional responsibilities specified in subsection (b) with respect to the Inspectors General 

specified in subsection (c).

(b) Specific Responsibilities.—The responsibilities specified in this subsection are the following:

(1) In consultation with the Inspectors General specified in subsection (c), to designate a lead 

Inspector General in accordance with subsection (d) to discharge the authorities of the lead 

Inspector General for the overseas contingency operation concerned as set forth in subsection 

(d).
(2) To resolve conflicts of jurisdiction among the Inspectors General specified in subsection (c) 

on investigations, inspections, and audits with respect to such contingency operation in 

accordance with subsection (d)(2)(B).

(3) To assist in identifying for the lead inspector general for such contingency operation, 

Inspectors General and inspector general office personnel available to assist the lead Inspector 

General and the other Inspectors General specified in subsection (c) on matters relating to such 

contingency operation.

(c) Inspectors General.—The Inspectors General specified in this subsection are the Inspectors 

General as follows:

(1) The Inspector General of the Department of Defense.

(2) The Inspector General of the Department of State.

(3) The Inspector General of the United States Agency for International Development.

(d) Lead Inspector General for Overseas Contingency Operation.—(1) A lead Inspector General 

for an overseas contingency operation shall be designated by the Chair of the Council of 

Inspectors General on Integrity and Efficiency under subsection (b)(1) not later than 30 days 

after the commencement or designation of the military operation concerned as an overseas 

contingency operation that exceeds 60 days. The lead Inspector General for a contingency 

operation shall be designated from among the Inspectors General specified in subsection (c).

(2) The lead Inspector General for an overseas contingency operation shall have the following 

responsibilities:

(A) To appoint, from among the offices of the other Inspectors General specified in subsection 

(c), an Inspector General to act as associate Inspector General for the contingency operation who 

shall act in a coordinating role to assist the lead Inspector General in the discharge of 

responsibilities under this subsection.

(B) To develop and carry out, in coordination with the offices of the other Inspectors General 

specified in subsection (c), a joint strategic plan to conduct comprehensive oversight over all 

aspects of the contingency operation and to ensure through either joint or individual audits, 

inspections, and investigations, independent and effective oversight of all programs and 

operations of the Federal Government in support of the contingency operation.

(C) To review and ascertain the accuracy of information provided by Federal agencies relating to 

obligations and expenditures, costs of programs and projects, accountability of funds, and the 

award and execution of major contracts, grants, and agreements in support of the contingency 

operation.
(D)(i) If none of the Inspectors General specified in subsection (c) has principal jurisdiction over 

a matter with respect to the contingency operation, to exercise responsibility for discharging 

oversight responsibilities in accordance with this Act with respect to such matter.

(ii) If more than one of the Inspectors General specified in subsection (c) has jurisdiction over a 

matter with respect to the contingency operation, to determine principal jurisdiction for 

discharging oversight responsibilities in accordance with this Act with respect to such matter.

(E) To employ, or authorize the employment by the other Inspectors General specified in 

subsection (c), on a temporary basis using the authorities in section 3161 of title 5, United States 

Code, such auditors, investigators, and other personnel as the lead Inspector General considers 

appropriate to assist the lead Inspector General and such other Inspectors General on matters 

relating to the contingency operation.

(F) To submit to Congress on a bi-annual basis, and to make available on an Internet website 

available to the public, a report on the activities of the lead Inspector General and the other 

Inspectors General specified in subsection (c) with respect to the contingency operation, 

including—

(i) the status and results of investigations, inspections, and audits and of referrals to the 

Department of Justice; and

(ii) overall plans for the review of the contingency operation by inspectors general, including 

plans for investigations, inspections, and audits.

(G) To submit to Congress on a quarterly basis, and to make available on an Internet website 

available to the public, a report on the contingency operation.

(H) To carry out such other responsibilities relating to the coordination and efficient and 

effective discharge by the Inspectors General specified in subsection (c) of duties relating to the 

contingency operation as the lead Inspector General shall specify.

(3)(A) The lead Inspector General for an overseas contingency operation may employ, or 

authorize the employment by the other Inspectors General specified in subsection (c) of, 

annuitants covered by section 9902(g) of title 5, United States Code, for purposes of assisting the 

lead Inspector General in discharging responsibilities under this subsection with respect to the 

contingency operation.

(B) The employment of annuitants under this paragraph shall be subject to the provisions of 

section 9902(g) of title 5, United States Code, as if the lead Inspector General concerned was the 

Department of Defense.

(C) The period of employment of an annuitant under this paragraph may not exceed three years, 

except that the period may be extended for up to an additional two years in accordance with the 

regulations prescribed pursuant to section 3161(b)(2) of title 5, United States Code.
(4) The lead Inspector General for an overseas contingency operation shall discharge the 

responsibilities for the contingency operation under this subsection in a manner consistent with 

the authorities and requirements of this Act generally and the authorities and requirements 

applicable to the Inspectors General specified in subsection (c) under this Act.

(e) Sunset for Particular Contingency Operations.—The requirements and authorities of this 

section with respect to an overseas contingency operation shall cease at the end of the first fiscal 

year after the commencement or designation of the contingency operation in which the total 

amount appropriated for the contingency operation is less than $100,000,000.

(f) Construction of Authority.—Nothing in this section shall be construed to limit the ability of 

the Inspectors General specified in subsection (c) to enter into agreements to conduct joint 

audits, inspections, or investigations in the exercise of their oversight responsibilities in 

accordance with this Act with respect to overseas contingency operations.

(Pub. L. 95–452, §8L, as added Pub. L. 112–239, div. A, title VIII, §848(2), Jan. 2, 2013, 126 

Stat. 1851.)

§8M. Information on websites of Offices of Inspectors General

(a) Direct Links to Inspectors General Offices.—

(1) In general.—Each agency shall establish and maintain on the homepage of the website of that 

agency, a direct link to the website of the Office of the Inspector General of that agency.

(2) Accessibility.—The direct link under paragraph (1) shall be obvious and facilitate 

accessibility to the website of the Office of the Inspector General.

(b) Requirements for Inspectors General Websites.—

(1) Posting of reports and audits.—The Inspector General of each agency shall—

(A) not later than 3 days after any report or audit (or portion of any report or audit) is made 

publicly available, post that report or audit (or portion of that report or audit) on the website of 

the Office of Inspector General; and

(B) ensure that any posted report or audit (or portion of that report or audit) described under 

subparagraph (A)—

(i) is easily accessible from a direct link on the homepage of the website of the Office of the 

Inspector General;

(ii) includes a summary of the findings of the Inspector General; and

(iii) is in a format that—
(I) is searchable and downloadable; and

(II) facilitates printing by individuals of the public accessing the website.

(2) Reporting of fraud, waste, and abuse.—

(A) In general.—The Inspector General of each agency shall establish and maintain a direct link 

on the homepage of the website of the Office of the Inspector General for individuals to report 

fraud, waste, and abuse. Individuals reporting fraud, waste, or abuse using the direct link 

established under this paragraph shall not be required to provide personally identifying 

information relating to that individual.

(B) Anonymity.—The Inspector General of each agency shall not disclose the identity of any 

individual making a report under this paragraph without the consent of the individual unless the 

Inspector General determines that such a disclosure is unavoidable during the course of the 

investigation.

(Pub. L. 95–452, §8M, formerly §8L, as added Pub. L. 110–409, §13(a), Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 

4315; renumbered §8M, Pub. L. 112–239, div. A, title VIII, §848(1), Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 

1851.)

§9. Transfer of functions

(a) There shall be transferred—

(1) to the Office of Inspector General—

(A) of the Department of Agriculture, the offices of that department referred to as the “Office of 

Investigation” and the “Office of Audit”;

(B) of the Department of Commerce, the offices of that department referred to as the “Office of 

Audits” and the “Investigations and Inspections Staff” and that portion of the office referred to as 

the “Office of Investigations and Security” which has responsibility for investigation of alleged 

criminal violations and program abuse;

(C) of the Department of Defense, the offices of that department referred to as the “Defense 

Audit Service” and the “Office of Inspector General, Defense Logistics Agency”, and that 

portion of the office of that department referred to as the “Defense Investigative Service” which 

has responsibility for the investigation of alleged criminal violations;

(D) of the Department of Education, all functions of the Inspector General of Health, Education, 

and Welfare or of the Office of Inspector General of Health, Education, and Welfare relating to 

functions transferred by section 301 of the Department of Education Organization Act [20 U.S.C. 

3441];
(E) of the Department of Energy, the Office of Inspector General (as established by section 208 

of the Department of Energy Organization Act);

(F) of the Department of Health and Human Services, the Office of Inspector General (as 

established by title II of Public Law 94–505);

(G) of the Department of Housing and Urban Development, the office of that department 

referred to as the “Office of Inspector General”;

(H) of the Department of the Interior, the office of that department referred to as the “Office of 

Audit and Investigation”;

(I) of the Department of Justice, the offices of that Department referred to as (i) the “Audit Staff, 

Justice Management Division”, (ii) the “Policy and Procedures Branch, Office of the 

Comptroller, Immigration and Naturalization Service”, the “Office of Professional 

Responsibility, Immigration and Naturalization Service”, and the “Office of Program 

Inspections, Immigration and Naturalization Service”, (iii) the “Office of Internal Inspection, 

United States Marshals Service”, (iv) the “Financial Audit Section, Office of Financial 

Management, Bureau of Prisons” and the “Office of Inspections, Bureau of Prisons”, and (v) 

from the Drug Enforcement Administration, that portion of the “Office of Inspections” which is 

engaged in internal audit activities, and that portion of the “Office of Planning and Evaluation” 

which is engaged in program review activities;

(J) of the Department of Labor, the office of that department referred to as the “Office of Special 

Investigations”;

(K) of the Department of Transportation, the offices of that department referred to as the “Office 

of Investigations and Security” and the “Office of Audit” of the Department, the “Offices of 

Investigations and Security, Federal Aviation Administration”, and “External Audit Divisions, 

Federal Aviation Administration”, the “Investigations Division and the External Audit Division 

of the Office of Program Review and Investigation, Federal Highway Administration”, and the 

“Office of Program Audits, Urban Mass Transportation Administration”;

(L)(i) of the Department of the Treasury, the office of that department referred to as the “Office 

of Inspector General”, and, notwithstanding any other provision of law, that portion of each of 

the offices of that department referred to as the “Office of Internal Affairs, Tax and Trade 

Bureau”, the “Office of Internal Affairs, United States Customs Service”, and the “Office of 

Inspections, United States Secret Service” which is engaged in internal audit activities; and

(ii) of the Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration, effective 180 days after the date of 

the enactment of the Internal Revenue Service Restructuring and Reform Act of 1998 [July 22, 

1998], the Office of Chief Inspector of the Internal Revenue Service;

(M) of the Environmental Protection Agency, the offices of that agency referred to as the “Office 

of Audit” and the “Security and Inspection Division”;
(N) of the Federal Emergency Management Agency, the office of that agency referred to as the 

“Office of Inspector General”;

(O) of the General Services Administration, the offices of that agency referred to as the “Office 

of Audits” and the “Office of Investigations”;

(P) of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the offices of that agency referred to 

as the “Management Audit Office” and the “Office of Inspections and Security”;

(Q) of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, the office of that commission referred to as the 

“Office of Inspector and Auditor”;

(R) of the Office of Personnel Management, the offices of that agency referred to as the “Office 

of Inspector General”, the “Insurance Audits Division, Retirement and Insurance Group”, and 

the “Analysis and Evaluation Division, Administration Group”;

(S) of the Railroad Retirement Board, the Office of Inspector General (as established by section 

23 of the Railroad Retirement Act of 1974);

(T) of the Small Business Administration, the office of that agency referred to as the “Office of 

Audits and Investigations”;

(U) of the Veterans’ Administration, the offices of that agency referred to as the “Office of 

Audits” and the “Office of Investigations”; and 

(V) of the Corporation for National and Community Service, the Office of Inspector General of 

ACTION; 

(W) of the Social Security Administration, the functions of the Inspector General of the 

Department of Health and Human Services which are transferred to the Social Security 

Administration by the Social Security Independence and Program Improvements Act of 1994 

(other than functions performed pursuant to section 105(a)(2) of such Act), except that such 

transfers shall be made in accordance with the provisions of such Act and shall not be subject to 

subsections (b) through (d) of this section; and

(2) to the Office of the Inspector General, such other offices or agencies, or functions, powers, or 

duties thereof, as the head of the establishment involved may determine are properly related to 

the functions of the Office and would, if so transferred, further the purposes of this Act,

except that there shall not be transferred to an Inspector General under paragraph (2) program 

operating responsibilities.

(b) The personnel, assets, liabilities, contracts, property, records, and unexpended balances of 

appropriations, authorizations, allocations, and other funds employed, held, used, arising from, 

available or to be made available, of any office or agency the functions, powers, and duties of 
which are transferred under subsection (a) are hereby transferred to the applicable Office of 

Inspector General.

(c) Personnel transferred pursuant to subsection (b) shall be transferred in accordance with 

applicable laws and regulations relating to the transfer of functions except that the classification 

and compensation of such personnel shall not be reduced for one year after such transfer.

(d) In any case where all the functions, powers, and duties of any office or agency are transferred 

pursuant to this subsection, such office or agency shall lapse. Any person who, on the effective 

date of this Act [Oct. 1, 1978], held a position compensated in accordance with the General 

Schedule, and who, without a break in service, is appointed in an Office of Inspector General to a 

position having duties comparable to those performed immediately preceding such appointment 

shall continue to be compensated in the new position at not less than the rate provided for the 

previous position, for the duration of service in the new position.

(Pub. L. 95–452, §9, Oct. 12, 1978, 92 Stat. 1107; Pub. L. 96–88, title V, §508(n)(2), Oct. 17, 

1979, 93 Stat. 694; Pub. L. 97–252, title XI, §1117(a)(2), (3), Sept. 8, 1982, 96 Stat. 750; Pub. L. 

100–504, title I, §102(d), Oct. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 2516; Pub. L. 103–82, title II, §202(g)(3)(A), 

Sept. 21, 1993, 107 Stat. 890; Pub. L. 103–296, title I, §108(l)(1), Aug. 15, 1994, 108 Stat. 1488; 

Pub. L. 105–206, title I, §1103(c)(1), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 708; Pub. L. 107–189, §22(c), June 

14, 2002, 116 Stat. 708; Pub. L. 107–296, title XI, §1112(a)(2), Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2276.)

§10. Omitted

Codification

Section, Pub. L. 95–452, §10, Oct. 12, 1978, 92 Stat. 1108, amended sections 5315 and 5316 of 

Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, and section 3522 of Title 42, The Public 

Health and Welfare, which amendments have been executed to text.

§11. Establishment of the Council of the Inspectors General on Integrity and 

Efficiency

(a) Establishment and Mission.—

(1) Establishment.—There is established as an independent entity within the executive branch 

the Council of the Inspectors General on Integrity and Efficiency (in this section referred to as 

the “Council”).

(2) Mission.—The mission of the Council shall be to—

(A) address integrity, economy, and effectiveness issues that transcend individual Government 

agencies; and
(B) increase the professionalism and effectiveness of personnel by developing policies, 

standards, and approaches to aid in the establishment of a well-trained and highly skilled 

workforce in the offices of the Inspectors General.

(b) Membership.—

(1) In general.—The Council shall consist of the following members:

(A) All Inspectors General whose offices are established under—

(i) section 2; or

(ii) section 8G.

(B) The Inspectors General of the Office of the Director of National Intelligence and the Central 

Intelligence Agency.

(C) The Controller of the Office of Federal Financial Management.

(D) A senior level official of the Federal Bureau of Investigation designated by the Director of 

the Federal Bureau of Investigation.

(E) The Director of the Office of Government Ethics.

(F) The Special Counsel of the Office of Special Counsel.

(G) The Deputy Director of the Office of Personnel Management.

(H) The Deputy Director for Management of the Office of Management and Budget.

(I) The Inspectors General of the Library of Congress, Capitol Police, Government Printing 

Office, Government Accountability Office, and the Architect of the Capitol.

(2) Chairperson and executive chairperson.—

(A) Executive chairperson.—The Deputy Director for Management of the Office of Management 

and Budget shall be the Executive Chairperson of the Council.

(B) Chairperson.—The Council shall elect 1 of the Inspectors General referred to in paragraph 

(1)(A) or (B) to act as Chairperson of the Council. The term of office of the Chairperson shall be 

2 years.

(3) Functions of chairperson and executive chairperson.—

(A) Executive chairperson.—The Executive Chairperson shall—
(i) preside over meetings of the Council;

(ii) provide to the heads of agencies and entities represented on the Council summary reports of 

the activities of the Council; and

(iii) provide to the Council such information relating to the agencies and entities represented on 

the Council as assists the Council in performing its functions.

(B) Chairperson.—The Chairperson shall—

(i) convene meetings of the Council—

(I) at least 6 times each year;

(II) monthly to the extent possible; and

(III) more frequently at the discretion of the Chairperson;

(ii) carry out the functions and duties of the Council under subsection (c);

(iii) appoint a Vice Chairperson to assist in carrying out the functions of the Council and act in 

the absence of the Chairperson, from a category of Inspectors General described in subparagraph 

(A)(i), (A)(ii), or (B) of paragraph (1), other than the category from which the Chairperson was 

elected;

(iv) make such payments from funds otherwise available to the Council as may be necessary to 

carry out the functions of the Council;

(v) select, appoint, and employ personnel as needed to carry out the functions of the Council 

subject to the provisions of title 5, United States Code, governing appointments in the 

competitive service, and the provisions of chapter 51 and subchapter III of chapter 53 of such 

title, relating to classification and General Schedule pay rates;

(vi) to the extent and in such amounts as may be provided in advance by appropriations Acts, 

made available from the revolving fund established under subsection (c)(3)(B), or as otherwise 

provided by law, enter into contracts and other arrangements with public agencies and private 

persons to carry out the functions and duties of the Council;

(vii) establish, in consultation with the members of the Council, such committees as determined 

by the Chairperson to be necessary and appropriate for the efficient conduct of Council 

functions; and

(viii) prepare and transmit a report annually on behalf of the Council to the President on the 

activities of the Council.
(c) Functions and Duties of Council.—

(1) In general.—The Council shall—

(A) continually identify, review, and discuss areas of weakness and vulnerability in Federal 

programs and operations with respect to fraud, waste, and abuse;

(B) develop plans for coordinated, Governmentwide activities that address these problems and 

promote economy and efficiency in Federal programs and operations, including interagency and 

interentity audit, investigation, inspection, and evaluation programs and projects to deal 

efficiently and effectively with those problems concerning fraud and waste that exceed the 

capability or jurisdiction of an individual agency or entity;

(C) develop policies that will aid in the maintenance of a corps of well-trained and highly skilled 

Office of Inspector General personnel;

(D) maintain an Internet website and other electronic systems for the benefit of all Inspectors 

General, as the Council determines are necessary or desirable;

(E) maintain 1 or more academies as the Council considers desirable for the professional training 

of auditors, investigators, inspectors, evaluators, and other personnel of the various offices of 

Inspector General;

(F) submit recommendations of individuals to the appropriate appointing authority for any 

appointment to an office of Inspector General described under subsection (b)(1)(A) or (B);

(G) make such reports to Congress as the Chairperson determines are necessary or appropriate; 

and

(H) perform other duties within the authority and jurisdiction of the Council, as appropriate.

(2) Adherence and participation by members.—To the extent permitted under law, and to the 

extent not inconsistent with standards established by the Comptroller General of the United 

States for audits of Federal establishments, organizations, programs, activities, and functions, 

each member of the Council, as appropriate, shall—

(A) adhere to professional standards developed by the Council; and

(B) participate in the plans, programs, and projects of the Council, except that in the case of a 

member described under subsection (b)(1)(I), the member shall participate only to the extent 

requested by the member and approved by the Executive Chairperson and Chairperson.

(3) Additional administrative authorities.—

(A) Interagency funding.—Notwithstanding section 1532 of title 31, United States Code, or any 

other provision of law prohibiting the interagency funding of activities described under subclause 
(I), (II), or (III) of clause (i), in the performance of the responsibilities, authorities, and duties of 

the Council—

(i) the Executive Chairperson may authorize the use of interagency funding for—

(I) Governmentwide training of employees of the Offices of the Inspectors General;

(II) the functions of the Integrity Committee of the Council; and

(III) any other authorized purpose determined by the Council; and

(ii) upon the authorization of the Executive Chairperson, any department, agency, or entity of the 

executive branch which has a member on the Council shall fund or participate in the funding of 

such activities.

(B) Revolving fund.—

(i) In general.—The Council may—

(I) establish in the Treasury of the United States a revolving fund to be called the Inspectors 

General Council Fund; or

(II) enter into an arrangement with a department or agency to use an existing revolving fund.

(ii) Amounts in revolving fund.—

(I) In general.—Amounts transferred to the Council under this subsection shall be deposited in 

the revolving fund described under clause (i)(I) or (II).

(II) Training.—Any remaining unexpended balances appropriated for or otherwise available to 

the Inspectors General Criminal Investigator Academy and the Inspectors General Auditor 

Training Institute shall be transferred to the revolving fund described under clause (i)(I) or (II).

(iii) Use of revolving fund.—

(I) In general.—Except as provided under subclause (II), amounts in the revolving fund 

described under clause (i)(I) or (II) may be used to carry out the functions and duties of the 

Council under this subsection.

(II) Training.—Amounts transferred into the revolving fund described under clause (i)(I) or (II) 

may be used for the purpose of maintaining any training academy as determined by the Council.

(iv) Availability of funds.—Amounts in the revolving fund described under clause (i)(I) or (II) 

shall remain available to the Council without fiscal year limitation.
(C) Superseding provisions.—No provision of law enacted after the date of enactment of this 

subsection shall be construed to limit or supersede any authority under subparagraph (A) or (B), 

unless such provision makes specific reference to the authority in that paragraph.1

(4) Existing authorities and responsibilities.—The establishment and operation of the Council 

shall not affect—

(A) the role of the Department of Justice in law enforcement and litigation;

(B) the authority or responsibilities of any Government agency or entity; and

(C) the authority or responsibilities of individual members of the Council.

(d) Integrity Committee.—

(1) Establishment.—The Council shall have an Integrity Committee, which shall receive, review, 

and refer for investigation allegations of wrongdoing that are made against Inspectors General 

and staff members of the various Offices of Inspector General described under paragraph (4)(C).

(2) Membership.—The Integrity Committee shall consist of the following members:

(A) The official of the Federal Bureau of Investigation serving on the Council, who shall serve as 

Chairperson of the Integrity Committee, and maintain the records of the Committee.

(B) Four Inspectors General described in subparagraph (A) or (B) of subsection (b)(1) appointed 

by the Chairperson of the Council, representing both establishments and designated Federal 

entities (as that term is defined in section 8G(a)).

(C) The Special Counsel of the Office of Special Counsel.

(D) The Director of the Office of Government Ethics.

(3) Legal advisor.—The Chief of the Public Integrity Section of the Criminal Division of the 

Department of Justice, or his designee, shall serve as a legal advisor to the Integrity Committee.

(4) Referral of allegations.—

(A) Requirement.—An Inspector General shall refer to the Integrity Committee any allegation of 

wrongdoing against a staff member of the office of that Inspector General, if—

(i) review of the substance of the allegation cannot be assigned to an agency of the executive 

branch with appropriate jurisdiction over the matter; and

(ii) the Inspector General determines that—

(I) an objective internal investigation of the allegation is not feasible; or
(II) an internal investigation of the allegation may appear not to be objective.

(B) Definition.—In this paragraph the term “staff member” means any employee of an Office of 

Inspector General who—

(i) reports directly to an Inspector General; or

(ii) is designated by an Inspector General under subparagraph (C).

(C) Designation of staff members.—Each Inspector General shall annually submit to the 

Chairperson of the Integrity Committee a designation of positions whose holders are staff 

members for purposes of subparagraph (B).

(5) Review of allegations.—The Integrity Committee shall—

(A) review all allegations of wrongdoing the Integrity Committee receives against an Inspector 

General, or against a staff member of an Office of Inspector General described under paragraph 

(4)(C);

(B) refer any allegation of wrongdoing to the agency of the executive branch with appropriate 

jurisdiction over the matter; and

(C) refer to the Chairperson of the Integrity Committee any allegation of wrongdoing determined 

by the Integrity Committee under subparagraph (A) to be potentially meritorious that cannot be 

referred to an agency under subparagraph (B).

(6) Authority to investigate allegations.—

(A) Requirement.—The Chairperson of the Integrity Committee shall cause a thorough and 

timely investigation of each allegation referred under paragraph (5)(C) to be conducted in 

accordance with this paragraph.

(B) Resources.—At the request of the Chairperson of the Integrity Committee, the head of each 

agency or entity represented on the Council—

(i) may provide resources necessary to the Integrity Committee; and

(ii) may detail employees from that agency or entity to the Integrity Committee, subject to the 

control and direction of the Chairperson, to conduct an investigation under this subsection.

(7) Procedures for investigations.—

(A) Standards applicable.—Investigations initiated under this subsection shall be conducted in 

accordance with the most current Quality Standards for Investigations issued by the Council or 

by its predecessors (the President's Council on Integrity and Efficiency and the Executive 

Council on Integrity and Efficiency).
(B) Additional policies and procedures.—

(i) Establishment.—The Integrity Committee, in conjunction with the Chairperson of the 

Council, shall establish additional policies and procedures necessary to ensure fairness and 

consistency in—

(I) determining whether to initiate an investigation;

(II) conducting investigations;

(III) reporting the results of an investigation; and

(IV) providing the person who is the subject of an investigation with an opportunity to respond to 

any Integrity Committee report.

(ii) Submission to congress.—The Council shall submit a copy of the policies and procedures 

established under clause (i) to the congressional committees of jurisdiction.

(C) Reports.—

(i) Potentially meritorious allegations.—For allegations described under paragraph (5)(C), the 

Chairperson of the Integrity Committee shall make a report containing the results of the 

investigation of the Chairperson and shall provide such report to members of the Integrity 

Committee.

(ii) Allegations of wrongdoing.—For allegations referred to an agency under paragraph (5)(B), 

the head of that agency shall make a report containing the results of the investigation and shall 

provide such report to members of the Integrity Committee.

(8) Assessment and final disposition.—

(A) In general.—With respect to any report received under paragraph (7)(C), the Integrity 

Committee shall—

(i) assess the report;

(ii) forward the report, with the recommendations of the Integrity Committee, including those on 

disciplinary action, within 30 days (to the maximum extent practicable) after the completion of 

the investigation, to the Executive Chairperson of the Council and to the President (in the case of 

a report relating to an Inspector General of an establishment or any employee of that Inspector 

General) or the head of a designated Federal entity (in the case of a report relating to an Inspector 

General of such an entity or any employee of that Inspector General) for resolution; and

(iii) submit to the Committee on Government Oversight and Reform of the House of 

Representatives, the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate, 

and other congressional committees of jurisdiction an executive summary of such report and 
recommendations within 30 days after the submission of such report to the Executive 

Chairperson under clause (ii).

(B) Disposition.—The Executive Chairperson of the Council shall report to the Integrity 

Committee the final disposition of the matter, including what action was taken by the President 

or agency head.

(9) Annual report.—The Council shall submit to Congress and the President by December 31 of 

each year a report on the activities of the Integrity Committee during the preceding fiscal year, 

which shall include the following:

(A) The number of allegations received.

(B) The number of allegations referred to other agencies, including the number of allegations 

referred for criminal investigation.

(C) The number of allegations referred to the Chairperson of the Integrity Committee for 

investigation.

(D) The number of allegations closed without referral.

(E) The date each allegation was received and the date each allegation was finally disposed of.

(F) In the case of allegations referred to the Chairperson of the Integrity Committee, a summary 

of the status of the investigation of the allegations and, in the case of investigations completed 

during the preceding fiscal year, a summary of the findings of the investigations.

(G) Other matters that the Council considers appropriate.

(10) Requests for more information.—With respect to paragraphs (8) and (9), the Council shall 

provide more detailed information about specific allegations upon request from any of the 

following:

(A) The chairperson or ranking member of the Committee on Homeland Security and 

Governmental Affairs of the Senate.

(B) The chairperson or ranking member of the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform 

of the House of Representatives.

(C) The chairperson or ranking member of the congressional committees of jurisdiction.

(11) No right or benefit.—This subsection is not intended to create any right or benefit, 

substantive or procedural, enforceable at law by a person against the United States, its agencies, 

its officers, or any person.

(Pub. L. 95–452, §11, as added Pub. L. 110–409, §7(a), Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4305.)
§12. Definitions

As used in this Act—

(1) the term “head of the establishment” means the Secretary of Agriculture, Commerce, 

Defense, Education, Energy, Health and Human Services, Housing and Urban Development, the 

Interior, Labor, State, Transportation, Homeland Security, or the Treasury; the Attorney General; 

the Administrator of the Agency for International Development, Environmental Protection, 

General Services, National Aeronautics and Space, Small Business, or Veterans’ Affairs; the 

Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency, or the Office of Personnel 

Management; the Chairman of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission or the Railroad Retirement 

Board; the Chairperson of the Thrift Depositor Protection Oversight Board; the Chief Executive 

Officer of the Corporation for National and Community Service; the Administrator of the 

Community Development Financial Institutions Fund; the chief executive officer of the 

Resolution Trust Corporation; the Chairperson of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation; the 

Commissioner of Social Security, Social Security Administration; the Director of the Federal 

Housing Finance Agency; the Board of Directors of the Tennessee Valley Authority; the 

President of the Export-Import Bank; or the Federal Cochairpersons of the Commissions 

established under section 15301 of title 40, United States Code; as the case may be;

(2) the term “establishment” means the Department of Agriculture, Commerce, Defense, 

Education, Energy, Health and Human Services, Housing and Urban Development, the Interior, 

Justice, Labor, State, Transportation, Homeland Security, or the Treasury; the Agency for

International Development, the Community Development Financial Institutions Fund, the 

Environmental Protection Agency, the Federal Emergency Management Agency, the General 

Services Administration, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Nuclear 

Regulatory Commission, the Office of Personnel Management, the Railroad Retirement Board, 

the Resolution Trust Corporation, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Small Business 

Administration, the Corporation for National and Community Service, the Veterans’ 

Administration, the Social Security Administration, the Federal Housing Finance Agency, the 

Tennessee Valley Authority, the Export-Import Bank, or the Commissions established under 

section 15301 of title 40, United States Code, as the case may be;

(3) the term “Inspector General” means the Inspector General of an establishment;

(4) the term “Office” means the Office of Inspector General of an establishment; and

(5) the term “Federal agency” means an agency as defined in section 552(f) of title 5 (including 

an establishment as defined in paragraph (2)), United States Code, but shall not be construed to 

include the Government Accountability Office.

(Pub. L. 95–452, §12, formerly §11, Oct. 12, 1978, 92 Stat. 1109; Pub. L. 96–88, title V, 

§508(n)(3), (4), Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 695; Pub. L. 97–113, title VII, §705(a)(2), Dec. 29, 1981, 

95 Stat. 1544; Pub. L. 97–252, title XI, §1117(a)(4), (5), Sept. 8, 1982, 96 Stat. 751; Pub. L. 99–

93, title I, §150(a)(2), Aug. 16, 1985, 99 Stat. 427; Pub. L. 99–399, title IV, §412(a)(2), Aug. 27, 

1986, 100 Stat. 867; Pub. L. 100–504, title I, §102(c), Oct. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 2515; Pub. L. 
100–527, §13(h)(2), (3), Oct. 5, 1988, 102 Stat. 2643; Pub. L. 101–73, title V, §501(b)(1), Aug. 

9, 1989, 103 Stat. 393; Pub. L. 102–233, title III, §315(a), Dec. 12, 1991, 105 Stat. 1772; Pub. L. 

103–82, title II, §202(g)(4), Sept. 21, 1993, 107 Stat. 890; Pub. L. 103–204, §23(a)(1), Dec. 17, 

1993, 107 Stat. 2407; Pub. L. 103–296, title I, §108(l)(2), Aug. 15, 1994, 108 Stat. 1489; Pub. L. 

103–325, title I, §118(a), Sept. 23, 1994, 108 Stat. 2188; Pub. L. 104–106, div. D, title XLIII, 

§4322(b)(1), (3), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 677; Pub. L. 105–277, div. G, subdiv. A, title XIII, 

§1314(b), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–776; Pub. L. 106–422, §1(b)(2), Nov. 1, 2000, 114 Stat. 

1872; Pub. L. 107–189, §22(a), (d), June 14, 2002, 116 Stat. 707, 708; Pub. L. 107–296, title 

XVII, §1701, Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2313; Pub. L. 108–271, §8(b), July 7, 2004, 118 Stat. 814; 

Pub. L. 109–295, title VI, §612(c), Oct. 4, 2006, 120 Stat. 1410; Pub. L. 110–234, title XIV, 

§14217(c), May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1482; Pub. L. 110–246, §4(a), title XIV, §14217(c), June 18, 

2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 2244; Pub. L. 110–289, div. A, title I, §1105(c), July 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 

2668; renumbered §12, Pub. L. 110–409, §7(a), Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4305.)

§13. Effective date

The provisions of this Act and the amendments made by this Act [see section 10 of this Act] 

shall take effect October 1, 1978.

(Pub. L. 95–452, §13, formerly §12, Oct. 12, 1978, 92 Stat. 1109; renumbered §13, Pub. L. 110–

409, §7(a), Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4305.)