Implementation of Improvements to the Allocation Routine for Health 

Insurance Coverage in the CPS ASEC 

March 2012 

Joanna Turner and Michel Boudreaux 

University of Minnesota, State Health Access Data Assistance Center (SHADAC) 

2221 University Ave SE Ste 345, Minneapolis, MN 55414/ turn0053@umn.edu and boudr019@umn.edu

Introduction

The Annual Social and Economic Supplement to the Current Population Survey (CPS ASEC) provides over twenty 

years of state and national level health insurance coverage estimates. Due to the long time series and state 

representative sample, the CPS ASEC is a critical data source for surveillance and policy analysis of national and

state-level health insurance coverage dynamics (Blewett et al., 2004).

Over time, the U.S. Census Bureau has made several methodological improvements to the CPS ASEC. These

changes were undertaken with the desire to improve the accuracy of the estimates while balancing the consistency of 

the time series. In 2011, the Census Bureau implemented the latest quality improvement and revised the time series 

from 2000 to 2010 supplanting a previously revised series that was released in 2007.

This paper describes the 2011 improvement to the allocation routine for health insurance coverage and all data 

processing adjustments that have occurred since 2000 and were incorporated into the new revised time series. We 

expand on earlier work that showed the impact of these changes on health insurance coverage estimates in the 2009 

CPS ASEC (Boudreaux and Turner, 2011) by examining the time series spanning from 1988 to 2011 using three 

sources of CPS ASEC data: a legacy file, the 2011 revisions, and a file that has been edited and reweighted to

improve the consistency of the time series over important periods of measurement change.

CPS ASEC Overview

The CPS is a monthly labor force survey conducted by the Census Bureau on behalf of the Bureau of Labor 

Statistics. The ASEC supplement is administered in February through April and asks additional questions on work,

income, migration, and health insurance coverage. The CPS ASEC is based on a complex area probability sample

and is representative of the civilian non-institutionalized population of the 50 states and the District of Columbia. 

About 100,000 addresses are sampled each year. 

Questions on health insurance coverage have been asked in the same general format since 1988. The instrument

gathers information on the presence, type, and characteristics of coverage held during the previous calendar year. 

For example, the 2011 ASEC (survey year) asks about health insurance coverage in 2010 (calendar year).

Information is obtained for each member of the household.

Historical Modifications

Several changes have been made to the health insurance questions and processing routines since the CPS ASEC

began asking about this topic. The changes were motivated by recommendations from technical advisory groups to

improve known limitations of the instrument and to correct identified errors. All changes were evaluated by the 

Census Bureau prior to implementation either through field testing of question modifications or detailed analysis of 

the impacts of processing improvements. In this paper we focus on changes from 2000 forward (the years of the

revised time series).

Exhibit 1 describes the historical modifications to the CPS ASEC that have been incorporated into the revised time

series. We discuss the changes that were incorporated into the revised series including the latest quality 

improvement, a change to the allocation routine. 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Exhibit 1. Historical Modifications to the CPS ASEC

CPS ASEC Year Historical Modifications

2000 Health insurance verification question introduced. 

2001 Separate CHIP question added.

2005-2006 Correction to the assignment of private coverage. For 1997-2004 an approximation was 

introduced for the assignment of private coverage.

2010 Medicaid assigned to uninsured foster children.

2011 Improvements to missing data allocation and coding correction for allocated values of

directly purchased dependent coverage.

2000 

Prior to 2000, those without coverage were identified using a residual method – those who did not indicate any type 

of coverage were considered to be uninsured. In 2000, the questionnaire was amended with a verification question

that specifically asked respondents who had not reported any type of health insurance coverage if they were in fact 

uninsured. This change resulted in a reduction of the uninsured rate by about 1.2 percentage points (Nelson and

Mills, 2001). The addition of the verification question results in a break in the series and is why the 2011 revisions 

were made from 2000 forward. 

2001 

A question was added about Children’s Health Insurance Coverage (CHIP) in 2001. In the first year, a small number 

of “yes” responses were not coded as having Medicaid coverage. This was corrected in 2002 and retroactively

applied to 2001 in fall 2011. 

2005-2006 

A correction to the assignment of private coverage was made in 2005-2006 and retroactively applied to the 2000 to 

2004 CPS ASECs in fall 2011. During process improvements the Census Bureau discovered that if a respondent

reported that someone in the household had employment-based or direct purchase coverage and then reported “all”

household members were covered under that health insurance policy, the editing procedure recorded coverage for 

the other household members as missing. During the allocation process a small number of cases were allocated to

uninsured when in fact they had private coverage. The correction reduced the uninsured rate by 0.6 percentage 

points in survey year 2006. Lee and Stern (2007) provide more details on this correction.

When the 2005-2006 correction to the assignment of private coverage was originally implemented the Census

Bureau did not have the resources to re-run all affected years of data and instead released an approximation for 

1997-2004 to be used with the public use data. With the revised time series released in fall 2011 the actual 

correction was implemented for 2000 to 2004 and the approximation is no longer needed for 2000 forward.

However, for 1997 to 1999 the approximation will still be needed. More information is available at 

http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/hlthins/data/usernote/index.html. 

2010 

Medicaid coverage was assigned to all uninsured foster children beginning in 2010 and retroactively applied to the 

2000 to 2009 CPS ASECs in fall 2011. This change was implemented to reflect the fact that all foster children are a

mandatory coverage group under Medicaid.

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2011 

An improvement to the allocation routine for health insurance coverage was implemented with the 2011 CPS ASEC 

and retroactively applied to the 2000 to 2010 CPS ASECs. Allocation methods are commonly used by the Census

Bureau to fill in missing data, and are utilized for about 12 to 13 percent of the ASEC responses. Roughly 10 percent 

of the monthly sample does not fully complete the ASEC and is missing data for all of the health insurance items

and about 2 to 3 percent of the cases respond to a large portion of the ASEC, but skip one or more of the health

insurance items. This change to the allocation routine reduced the uninsured rate by about 0.5 percentage points in

survey year 2009, primarily through an increase in private coverage (Boudreaux and Turner, 2011). In the process of 

implementing these changes the Census Bureau also discovered and corrected a coding error that caused an

undercount to allocated values of directly purchased dependent coverage.

Research by Davern et al. (2007) found incongruence between the Census Bureau’s allocation routine and the ASEC 

survey instrument for health insurance coverage. Specifically, they found that this incongruence led to an

underestimate of private coverage and an overestimate of uninsured.

In response to the work by Davern and colleagues (2007) the Census Bureau modified the health insurance 

allocation specification. The primary changes were that the nuclear family restriction was removed from the 

allocation routine making it consistent with the survey instrument and the order of the data processing steps was 

changed to address dual coverage. More people had dual coverage (both public and private coverage) when

coverage was allocated than when it was reported. Boudreaux and Turner (2011) provide a detailed description and

evaluation of the new allocation routine. 

Methods

Our goal is to examine the variation in estimates produced from existing CPS data sources. We are interested in 

identifying both discrepancies that occur at a cross-section and differences in the change in insurance rates as they

evolve over time. To accomplish this task we compare uninsurance rates, public coverage rates, and private 

coverage rates from the following data series: 

 Original data series. These data include the 2005-2006 correction and approximation, but are treated with

the original allocation routine. Prior to the 2011 data release, these were the official CPS ASEC estimates. 

 Revised data series. These data are treated with the new allocation routine and additional processing

adjustments from 2000 forward. This is the data series analysts should now be using for a consistent time

series from 2000 forward. 

 SHADAC-Enhanced data series. This series was developed by SHADAC to account for methodological 

changes and to harmonize the CPS ASEC data over time (Ziegenfuss and Davern, 2011 and SHADAC, 

2009). The enhanced series makes weighting enhancements by removing the full supplement allocation 

cases, reweighting to reflect population controls, and smoothing to the decennial Census. Coverage

enhancements are made by simulating the impact of the verification question prior to 2000. The SHADACEnhanced series was re-run using the revised data series released fall 2011.

Estimates are generated for 1988 to 2011 for the total civilian non-institutionalized population and by race/ethnicity 

and age groups. In the interest of space we present only uninsurance rates by sub-group. All sub-group analyses are 

available from the authors upon request. All estimates were generated using Taylor-series linearization to account 

for the complex sample design. However, readers should note that standard errors from these data cannot be used to

generate an independent sample t-test as the samples are not independent. Testing the hypothesis that the difference 

between any two series is different than zero would require a complex replication method. Given the high degree of

correlation between the series, even very small differences are likely to be highly significant. 

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Results

Total Population 

Uninsurance, public, and private coverage rates for the total population are described in Exhibits 2, 3, and 4. The

uninsurance rate from the revised series is lower than the uninsurance rate from the original data series in all years 

(Exhibit 2). There was little change in the public coverage rate (Exhibit 3) and an increase in the private coverage

rate for the revised series compared with the original series (Exhibit 4). This pattern is primarily driven by the 2011

change to the allocation routine and is in line with expectations (Boudreaux and Turner, 2011 and Davern et al., 

2007). 

By removing the full supplement allocation cases and reweighting the data, the SHADAC-Enhanced series accounts 

for the incongruence in the allocation routine that was improved for 2000 forward with the revised series. The 

SHADAC-Enhanced series also simulates the impact of the verification question prior to 2000 (Ziegenfuss and 

Davern, 2011). This brings the 1988 to 2000 period closer in line to the CPS ASEC instrument and allocation

routine from 2000 forward. For this reason, we believe the SHADAC-Enhanced series is a more accurate reflection 

of the population’s experience during 1988 to 2000 and is an appealing data source for understanding changes in

coverage during this time period.

Sub-Groups

Sub-group uninsurance rates from each series are described in Exhibits 5 and 6 (age) and Exhibits 7, 8, and 9 

(race/ethnicity). The same basic story emerges from each data series: declining uninsurance rates for children (age 0-

18) and increasing rates for non-elderly adults (age 19-64). The non-Hispanic white population experienced an

overall increase in uninsurance, as did non-Hispanic blacks and Hispanics. However, the trend among non-Hispanic

blacks and Hispanics was less monotonic than it was for non-Hispanic whites. 

Differences between the series for these sub-groups generally mirrored the results found in the total population.

Uninsurance rates from the revised series were lower than rates from the original series for all sub-groups studied. 

The SHADAC-Enhanced series produced uninsurance rates similar or lower than rates from the revised series with

the exception of Hispanics, where the uninsurance rate was higher in the SHADAC-Enhanced series. This may be an 

artifact of the SHADAC-Enhanced series weighting enhancements, but will require further study. 

Discussion

We describe health insurance coverage rates from three versions of the CPS ASEC. Our findings show that the 

revised series and the SHADAC-Enhanced series produced substantially lower rates of uninsurance than did the 

original series from 2000 forward. The SHADAC-Enhanced series tended to produce slightly lower rates than the 

revised series, with the exception of the Hispanic population. It is encouraging that the three versions reflect the 

same general trends over the time period. 

With the implementation of the new allocation routine and data processing adjustments from 2000 forward the 

revised series provides an improved and consistent time series and should be used in place of the original series. 

Since the revised series does not extend prior to 2000, we believe the SHADAC-Enhanced series (with reweighting 

and simulation of the verification question) reflects a more accurate picture of health insurance coverage from 1988 

to 2000 and should be used for analysis involving this time period. 

References

Blewett, L. A., M. B. Good, K. T. Call, and M. Davern. 2004. “Monitoring the Uninsured: A State Policy

Perspective.” Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law 29 (1): 107–45. 

Boudreaux, M. and J. Turner. 2011. “Modifications to the Imputation Routine for Health Insurance in the CPS 

ASEC: Description and Evaluation.” Working Paper. Available at 

http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/hlthins/data/revhlth/SHADAC.pdf. 

Davern, M., H. Rodin, L.A. Blewett, and K.T. Call. 2007. “Are the Current Population Survey Uninsurance 

Estimates Too High? An Examination of the Imputation Process.” Health Services Research, 42(5): 2038‐ 55. 

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Lee, C. H. and S. M. Stern. 2007. “Health Insurance Estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau: Background for a New 

Historical Series.” U.S. Census Bureau Working Paper. Available at

http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/hlthins/data/usernote/revhlth_paper.pdf. 

Nelson, C. T. and R. J. Mills. 2001. “The March CPS Health Insurance Verification Question and its Effect on

Estimates of the Uninsured.” U.S. Census Bureau Working Paper. Available at 

http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/hlthins/publications/verification.html. 

State Health Access Data Assistance Center. 2009. “Historical Changes in Current Population Survey Health

Insurance Coverage Items for Survey Years 1988 through 2008.” Issue Brief #19. Minneapolis, MN: University of

Minnesota. Available at: http://www.shadac.org/files/shadac/publications/IssueBrief19.pdf. 

Ziegenfuss, J and M. Davern. 2011. “Twenty Years of Coverage: An Enhanced Current Population Survey—1989-

2008.” Health Services Research 46(1 Pt 1): 199-209. 

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Exhibit 2. Estimates of Uninsurance by Data Series, CPS ASEC 1988-2011

18%

17%

16%

15%

14%

13%

12%

11%

10%

Revised

Original

Enhanced

198819891990199119921993199419951996199719981999200020012002200320042005200620072008200920102011

Year

Revised

Percent SE 

Original

Percent SE 

Enhanced

Percent SE 

1988 -- -- 12.9 0.15 11.9 0.15

1989 -- -- 13.4 0.17 12.3 0.17

1990 -- -- 13.6 0.16 12.8 0.16

1991 -- -- 13.9 0.16 13.0 0.16

1992 -- -- 14.1 0.16 13.3 0.16

1993 -- -- 15.0 0.16 13.9 0.17

1994 -- -- 15.3 0.17 14.1 0.17

1995 -- -- 15.2 0.17 13.7 0.17

1996 -- -- 15.4 0.17 13.8 0.18

1997 -- -- 15.4 0.17 13.8 0.17

1998 -- -- 15.7 0.17 14.2 0.17

1999 -- -- 15.8 0.17 14.2 0.17

2000 13.6 0.17 14.0 0.17 13.3 0.17

2001 13.1 0.13 13.7 0.14 12.8 0.14

2002 13.5 0.14 14.1 0.14 13.2 0.14

2003 13.9 0.13 14.7 0.14 13.6 0.14

2004 14.6 0.14 15.1 0.14 14.2 0.15

2005 14.3 0.14 14.9 0.14 14.0 0.15

2006 14.6 0.14 15.3 0.14 14.4 0.14

2007 15.2 0.14 15.8 0.14 14.9 0.15

2008 14.7 0.14 15.3 0.14 14.4 0.14

2009 14.9 0.14 15.4 0.14 14.6 0.14

2010 16.1 0.14 16.7 0.14 15.8 0.15

2011 16.3 0.14 -- -- 15.9 0.15

Source: 1988-2011 CPS ASECs; analysis conducted by SHADAC

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Exhibit 3. Estimates of Public Coverage by Data Series, CPS ASEC 1988-2011 

32%

30%

28%

26%

24%

22%

Revised

Original

Enhanced

198819891990199119921993199419951996199719981999200020012002200320042005200620072008200920102011

Year

Revised

Percent SE 

Original

Percent SE 

Enhanced

Percent SE 

1988 -- -- 23.3 0.19 23.4 0.20

1989 -- -- 23.3 0.20 23.4 0.21

1990 -- -- 23.3 0.19 23.2 0.20

1991 -- -- 24.5 0.19 24.4 0.21

1992 -- -- 25.4 0.20 25.3 0.21

1993 -- -- 25.8 0.20 25.8 0.21

1994 -- -- 26.4 0.20 26.6 0.21

1995 -- -- 26.8 0.20 26.5 0.22

1996 -- -- 26.4 0.21 26.1 0.22

1997 -- -- 25.9 0.21 25.8 0.22

1998 -- -- 24.8 0.20 24.8 0.21

1999 -- -- 24.3 0.20 24.3 0.21

2000 24.2 0.20 24.5 0.20 24.0 0.21

2001 24.4 0.16 24.7 0.16 24.3 0.17

2002 24.9 0.16 25.3 0.17 24.8 0.17

2003 25.5 0.16 25.7 0.16 25.3 0.17

2004 26.4 0.17 26.6 0.17 26.3 0.18

2005 27.3 0.17 27.3 0.17 27.1 0.18

2006 27.3 0.17 27.3 0.17 27.2 0.18

2007 27.1 0.17 27.0 0.17 26.9 0.18

2008 27.8 0.17 27.8 0.17 27.6 0.18

2009 29.1 0.17 29.0 0.17 28.9 0.18

2010 30.6 0.17 30.6 0.17 30.5 0.18

2011 31.0 0.18 -- -- 30.9 0.19

Source: 1988-2011 CPS ASECs; analysis conducted by SHADAC

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Exhibit 4. Estimates of Private Coverage by Data Series, CPS ASEC 1988-2011

80%

78%

76%

74%

72%

70%

68%

66%

64%

62%

60%

Revised

Original

Enhanced

198819891990199119921993199419951996199719981999200020012002200320042005200620072008200920102011

Year

Revised

Percent SE 

Original

Percent SE 

Enhanced

Percent SE 

1988 -- -- 75.5 0.20 76.3 0.21

1989 -- -- 74.7 0.22 75.5 0.23

1990 -- -- 74.6 0.20 75.1 0.22

1991 -- -- 73.2 0.21 73.8 0.22

1992 -- -- 72.1 0.22 72.7 0.23

1993 -- -- 70.7 0.22 71.6 0.23

1994 -- -- 70.2 0.23 71.1 0.23

1995 -- -- 70.3 0.23 71.3 0.24

1996 -- -- 70.3 0.24 71.6 0.25

1997 -- -- 70.6 0.23 71.7 0.24

1998 -- -- 70.6 0.23 71.8 0.24

1999 -- -- 70.8 0.23 72.0 0.24

2000 73.0 0.23 72.5 0.23 73.1 0.24

2001 73.5 0.18 72.6 0.19 73.5 0.20

2002 72.4 0.19 71.5 0.19 72.4 0.20

2003 71.4 0.19 70.3 0.19 71.5 0.20

2004 70.1 0.19 69.3 0.19 70.1 0.20

2005 69.7 0.19 69.0 0.19 69.6 0.21

2006 69.2 0.19 68.5 0.19 69.0 0.20

2007 68.7 0.19 67.9 0.19 68.6 0.21

2008 68.2 0.19 67.5 0.19 68.2 0.20

2009 67.2 0.19 66.7 0.19 67.0 0.20

2010 64.5 0.20 63.9 0.20 64.4 0.21

2011 64.0 0.20 -- -- 63.8 0.21

Source: 1988-2011 CPS ASECs; analysis conducted by SHADAC

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Exhibit 5. Estimates of Uninsurance for Ages 0-18 by Data Series, CPS ASEC 1988-2011 

17%

16%

15%

14%

13%

12%

11%

10%

9%

8%

7%

Revised

Original

Enhanced

198819891990199119921993199419951996199719981999200020012002200320042005200620072008200920102011

Year

Revised

Percent SE 

Original

Percent SE 

Enhanced

Percent SE 

1988 -- -- 13.2 0.27 12.0 0.26

1989 -- -- 13.4 0.29 12.3 0.29

1990 -- -- 14.0 0.28 12.8 0.27

1991 -- -- 13.3 0.27 12.1 0.27

1992 -- -- 13.0 0.27 12.1 0.27

1993 -- -- 13.1 0.26 11.9 0.26

1994 -- -- 14.0 0.27 12.8 0.27

1995 -- -- 14.4 0.29 13.1 0.29

1996 -- -- 14.0 0.29 12.9 0.29

1997 -- -- 14.9 0.30 13.7 0.30

1998 -- -- 15.1 0.30 13.6 0.29

1999 -- -- 15.3 0.30 13.6 0.30

2000 12.2 0.28 12.8 0.28 12.0 0.29

2001 11.1 0.21 12.0 0.22 10.9 0.23

2002 11.0 0.22 11.6 0.22 10.6 0.23

2003 10.6 0.21 11.6 0.22 10.2 0.21

2004 10.8 0.21 11.4 0.21 10.2 0.21

2005 10.3 0.21 10.9 0.21 9.9 0.22

2006 10.6 0.21 11.2 0.21 10.2 0.22

2007 11.6 0.22 12.1 0.22 11.1 0.23

2008 10.9 0.22 11.3 0.22 10.2 0.22

2009 9.9 0.20 10.3 0.21 9.4 0.21

2010 10.2 0.21 10.4 0.21 9.6 0.21

2011 10.0 0.21 -- -- 9.3 0.22

Source: 1988-2011 CPS ASECs; analysis conducted by SHADAC

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Exhibit 6. Estimates of Uninsurance for Ages 19-64 by Data Series, CPS ASEC 1988-2011 

25%

23%

21%

19%

17%

15%

13%

Revised

Original

Enhanced

198819891990199119921993199419951996199719981999200020012002200320042005200620072008200920102011

Year

Revised

Percent SE 

Original

Percent SE 

Enhanced

Percent SE 

1988 -- -- 15.0 0.17 14.0 0.17

1989 -- -- 15.9 0.19 14.7 0.20

1990 -- -- 16.4 0.18 15.2 0.18

1991 -- -- 16.9 0.18 15.9 0.19

1992 -- -- 17.2 0.18 16.3 0.19

1993 -- -- 18.7 0.19 17.4 0.20

1994 -- -- 18.7 0.20 17.4 0.20

1995 -- -- 18.3 0.19 16.6 0.20

1996 -- -- 18.9 0.20 16.7 0.21

1997 -- -- 18.5 0.20 16.4 0.20

1998 -- -- 19.0 0.20 17.1 0.20

1999 -- -- 19.0 0.20 17.0 0.20

2000 16.8 0.19 17.2 0.19 16.4 0.20

2001 16.4 0.16 17.1 0.16 16.0 0.17

2002 17.0 0.17 17.8 0.17 16.8 0.18

2003 17.9 0.17 18.8 0.17 17.5 0.18

2004 18.9 0.17 19.5 0.18 18.4 0.18

2005 18.7 0.18 19.4 0.18 18.4 0.19

2006 19.0 0.17 19.7 0.18 18.8 0.18

2007 19.5 0.18 20.3 0.18 19.2 0.19

2008 19.0 0.17 19.7 0.17 18.7 0.18

2009 19.7 0.18 20.3 0.18 19.5 0.19

2010 21.6 0.18 22.4 0.18 21.4 0.19

2011 21.9 0.18 -- -- 21.7 0.19

Source: 1988-2011 CPS ASECs; analysis conducted by SHADAC

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Exhibit 7. Estimates of Uninsurance for Non-Hispanic Whites by Data Series, CPS ASEC 1988-2011 

14%

13%

12%

11%

10%

9%

8%

7%

6%

Revised

Original

Enhanced

198819891990199119921993199419951996199719981999200020012002200320042005200620072008200920102011

Year

Revised

Percent SE 

Original

Percent SE 

Enhanced

Percent SE 

1988 -- -- 9.7 0.15 8.6 0.14

1989 -- -- 10.2 0.16 9.0 0.16

1990 -- -- 10.2 0.15 9.1 0.15

1991 -- -- 10.6 0.16 9.5 0.16

1992 -- -- 10.7 0.16 9.6 0.16

1993 -- -- 11.4 0.16 10.1 0.16

1994 -- -- 11.9 0.17 10.5 0.16

1995 -- -- 11.5 0.17 9.8 0.16

1996 -- -- 11.4 0.18 9.7 0.17

1997 -- -- 11.3 0.18 9.5 0.17

1998 -- -- 11.5 0.17 9.8 0.16

1999 -- -- 11.3 0.17 9.5 0.16

2000 8.9 0.16 9.2 0.16 8.4 0.16

2001 8.5 0.12 9.0 0.13 7.9 0.13

2002 8.8 0.13 9.2 0.13 8.3 0.13

2003 9.4 0.13 10.1 0.14 8.7 0.13

2004 10.0 0.14 10.5 0.14 9.3 0.14

2005 10.0 0.14 10.5 0.14 9.5 0.14

2006 10.2 0.14 10.7 0.14 9.6 0.14

2007 10.3 0.14 10.8 0.14 9.7 0.14

2008 10.0 0.14 10.4 0.14 9.4 0.14

2009 10.4 0.14 10.8 0.14 9.9 0.14

2010 11.5 0.15 12.0 0.15 10.9 0.15

2011 11.7 0.15 -- -- 11.0 0.16

Source: 1988-2011 CPS ASECs; analysis conducted by SHADAC

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Exhibit 8. Estimates of Uninsurance for Non-Hispanic Blacks by Data Series, CPS ASEC 1988-2011

25%

23%

21%

19%

17%

15%

13%

Revised

Original

Enhanced

198819891990199119921993199419951996199719981999200020012002200320042005200620072008200920102011

Year

Revised

Percent SE 

Original

Percent SE 

Enhanced

Percent SE 

1988 -- -- 19.8 0.55 18.8 0.57

1989 -- -- 19.6 0.59 18.3 0.61

1990 -- -- 19.1 0.55 17.7 0.57

1991 -- -- 19.7 0.54 18.0 0.57

1992 -- -- 20.6 0.57 19.3 0.60

1993 -- -- 20.1 0.55 18.9 0.59

1994 -- -- 20.5 0.57 19.0 0.58

1995 -- -- 19.5 0.55 17.8 0.58

1996 -- -- 20.8 0.59 18.3 0.58

1997 -- -- 21.4 0.60 19.4 0.61

1998 -- -- 20.8 0.60 19.0 0.61

1999 -- -- 21.6 0.61 19.1 0.60

2000 18.4 0.57 19.2 0.57 18.6 0.61

2001 17.1 0.40 18.1 0.41 17.2 0.44

2002 17.4 0.40 18.0 0.41 17.3 0.43

2003 18.5 0.41 19.4 0.42 18.5 0.43

2004 18.4 0.42 18.8 0.42 18.0 0.44

2005 17.9 0.43 18.6 0.44 17.5 0.46

2006 17.8 0.42 18.7 0.43 17.7 0.45

2007 19.4 0.44 20.1 0.44 19.1 0.47

2008 18.4 0.43 19.3 0.43 18.1 0.45

2009 18.3 0.41 19.0 0.41 18.2 0.43

2010 20.1 0.43 20.8 0.43 20.1 0.45

2011 20.5 0.42 -- -- 20.3 0.45

Source: 1988-2011 CPS ASECs; analysis conducted by SHADAC

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Exhibit 9. Estimates of Uninsurance for Hispanics by Data Series, CPS ASEC 1988-2011

39%

37%

35%

33%

31%

29%

27%

25%

Revised

Original

Enhanced

198819891990199119921993199419951996199719981999200020012002200320042005200620072008200920102011

Year

Revised

Percent SE 

Original

Percent SE 

Enhanced

Percent SE 

1988 -- -- 28.8 0.66 28.5 0.69

1989 -- -- 29.7 0.77 29.8 0.81

1990 -- -- 32.0 0.65 31.8 0.68

1991 -- -- 30.3 0.61 30.3 0.64

1992 -- -- 29.7 0.59 29.5 0.62

1993 -- -- 31.2 0.60 30.9 0.63

1994 -- -- 30.4 0.62 30.1 0.64

1995 -- -- 33.1 0.64 32.9 0.68

1996 -- -- 32.7 0.62 31.7 0.65

1997 -- -- 32.3 0.59 30.6 0.60

1998 -- -- 33.1 0.59 32.0 0.60

1999 -- -- 33.4 0.57 31.9 0.60

2000 30.2 0.55 30.7 0.55 30.6 0.59

2001 29.3 0.50 30.4 0.50 29.9 0.55

2002 29.7 0.48 30.8 0.48 30.3 0.52

2003 30.8 0.50 31.9 0.50 31.9 0.53

2004 31.8 0.50 32.3 0.49 32.7 0.52

2005 30.8 0.48 31.8 0.48 31.8 0.52

2006 31.3 0.47 32.3 0.47 32.3 0.50

2007 33.1 0.47 34.1 0.47 34.3 0.50

2008 31.5 0.46 32.1 0.46 32.0 0.48

2009 29.8 0.44 30.7 0.44 30.8 0.47

2010 31.6 0.43 32.4 0.43 32.0 0.45

2011 30.7 0.43 -- -- 31.6 0.45

Source: 1988-2011 CPS ASECs; analysis conducted by SHADAC

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