III 

Calendar No. 28 

117TH CONGRESS 

1ST SESSION S. RES. 120 

Recognizing the Ninth Summit of the Americas and reaffirming the commitment of the United States to a more prosperous, secure, and democratic 

Western Hemisphere. 

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES 

MARCH 17 (legislative day, MARCH 16), 2021 

Mr. RISCH (for himself, Mr. MENENDEZ, Mr. RUBIO, Mr. KAINE, and Mr. 

CASSIDY) submitted the following resolution; which was referred to the 

Committee on Foreign Relations 

MARCH 24, 2021 

Reported by Mr. MENENDEZ, without amendment and with an amendment to 

the preamble 

[Strike the preamble and insert the part printed in italic] 

RESOLUTION 

Recognizing the Ninth Summit of the Americas and reaffirming the commitment of the United States to a more 

prosperous, secure, and democratic Western Hemisphere. 

Whereas the United States has pursued multiple collaborative 

initiatives to advance the region’s enduring and shared 

interest in a more secure, prosperous, and democratic 

Western Hemisphere; 


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Whereas the United States will host the Ninth Summit of the 

Americas for the first time since it hosted the inaugural 

Summit in Miami, Florida in 1994; 

Whereas, since 1994, the Summit of the Americas is a valuable forum for democratically elected heads of state and 

governments of the Western Hemisphere to discuss common policy issues, affirm shared values, and commit to 

concerted actions at the national and regional level to address the novel and existing challenges facing the Americas; 

Whereas the First and Second Summits of the Americas advanced commitments to lower trade barriers, improve 

transparency and market access, and facilitate economic 

integration, and, following those Summits, the United 

States has signed free trade agreements with 12 of the 

35 countries in the region; 

Whereas, since 2018, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Jamaica, Panama, Suriname, and Uruguay have 

signed Memorandums of Understanding with the United 

States under the America Crece Program to leverage private investment in energy and infrastructure projects and 

advance economic prosperity, security, and good governance; 

Whereas, during the 2018 Summit of the Americas, the 

United States announced additional humanitarian assistance for Venezuelans who have fled their country as a result of the political, economic, and security crises created 

by the regime of Nicol ́as Maduro, including support for 

the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees 

(UNHCR) response to assist Venezuelan refugees in Colombia and Brazil; 


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Whereas Transnational Criminal Organizations (TCOs) and 

their involvement in money laundering and the trafficking 

of people, narcotics, and weapons in the region pose complex transnational threats to United States public health 

and national security, as well as the stability of the 

Americas, by undermining citizen security, basic human 

rights, the rule of law, good governance, and economic 

development; 

Whereas the United States has sought to improve regional security through friendly and sustained relationships that 

build interoperability, readiness, and capability with regional security partners, including through programs 

such as Plan Colombia, the Merida Initiative, the Central 

America Regional Security Initiative (CARSI), and the 

Caribbean Basin Initiative (CBI); 

Whereas the pandemic caused by coronavirus disease 2019 

(commonly referred to as ‘‘COVID–19’’) has had devastating health and socioeconomic consequences for the 

states and peoples of the Americas that have— 

(1) overwhelmed health systems; 

(2) led to the worsening of economic conditions and 

contraction of gross domestic product per capita; 

(3) led to an increase in unemployment, especially 

for individuals working in small- and medium-size businesses and large informal sectors across the region, and 

a rise in the number of people living in poverty; and 

(4) created conditions that have strengthened the illicit activities of criminal organizations; 

Whereas the United States Government remains deeply concerned about the negative, often predatory effects of China’s growing political, economic, military, and technological influence throughout the region, including signifiVerDate Sep 11 2014 18:41 Mar 25, 2021 Jkt 019200 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6300 E:\BILLS\SR120.RS SR120

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cant illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing activities 

in the Southern Atlantic Ocean and Eastern Pacific 

Ocean and opaque infrastructure investments that impose 

unsustainable financial burdens on recipient countries, 

enable corruption, and undermine good governance; 

Whereas the United States Government is deeply concerned 

about the Government of the Russian Federation’s employment of a wide array of diplomatic, military, intelligence, cyber, misinformation, and commercial tools to 

undermine democratic systems in the region, including 

through its deepening political, economic, and security 

support for the Maduro regime in Venezuela; 

Whereas the United States Government is deeply concerned 

about efforts by the Government of Iran to expand its political, economic, and security presence in the region, including through its deepening ties with the Maduro regime in Venezuela; 

Whereas the regimes of Nicol ́as Maduro in Venezuela, Miguel 

D ́ıaz-Canel in Cuba, and Daniel Ortega in Nicaragua, 

have systematically eroded democratic institutions, commit widespread human rights violations, draw lessons 

from one another to sharpen state-sponsored repression 

and internal control mechanisms, and receive the support 

of malign state and non-state actors, which pose a challenge to United States national security and national interests; 

Whereas entrenched corruption, linkages between transnational criminal organizations and political actors, and the 

harassment and murder of journalists, human rights defenders, environmental activists, and civil society leaders 

in Latin America and the Caribbean weaken citizens’ 


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confidence in democracy and negatively affect United 

States national interests; and 

Whereas weak rule of law, elevated levels of criminal violence, 

and systemic corruption in El Salvador, Guatemala, and 

Honduras fuel irregular migration that affects regional 

stability: Now, therefore, be it 

Whereas the United States has pursued multiple collaborative 

initiatives to advance the region’s enduring and shared interest in a more secure, prosperous, and democratic Western Hemisphere; 

Whereas the United States will host the Ninth Summit of the 

Americas for the first time since it hosted the inaugural 

Summit in Miami, Florida in 1994; 

Whereas, since 1994, the Summit of the Americas is a valuable 

forum for democratically elected heads of state and governments of the Western Hemisphere to discuss common policy issues, affirm shared values, and commit to concerted 

actions at the national and regional level to address the 

novel and existing challenges facing the Americas; 

Whereas the First and Second Summits of the Americas advanced commitments to lower trade barriers, improve 

transparency and market access, and facilitate economic 

integration, and, following those Summits, the United 

States has signed free trade agreements with 12 of the 35 

countries in the region; 

Whereas, since 2018, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Jamaica, Panama, Suriname, 

and Uruguay have signed Memorandums of Understanding with the United States under the America Crece 

Program to leverage private investment in energy and inVerDate Sep 11 2014 18:41 Mar 25, 2021 Jkt 019200 PO 00000 Frm 00005 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6300 E:\BILLS\SR120.RS SR120

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•SRES 120 RS 

frastructure projects and advance economic prosperity, security, and good governance; 

Whereas, during the 2018 Summit of the Americas, the United 

States announced additional humanitarian assistance for 

Venezuelans who have fled their country as a result of the 

political, economic, and security crises created by the regime of Nicola ́s Maduro, including support for the United 

Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) response to assist Venezuelan refugees in Colombia and 

Brazil; 

Whereas Transnational Criminal Organizations (TCOs) and 

their involvement in money laundering and the trafficking 

of people, narcotics, and weapons in the region pose complex transnational threats to United States public health 

and national security, as well as the stability of the Americas, by undermining citizen security, basic human rights, 

the rule of law, good governance, and economic development; 

Whereas the United States has sought to improve regional security through friendly and sustained relationships that 

build interoperability, readiness, and capability with regional security partners, including through programs such 

as Plan Colombia, the Merida Initiative, the Central 

America Regional Security Initiative (CARSI), and the 

Caribbean Basin Initiative (CBI); 

Whereas the pandemic caused by coronavirus disease 2019 

(commonly referred to as ‘‘COVID–19’’) has had devastating health and socioeconomic consequences for the 

states and peoples of the Americas that have— 

(1) overwhelmed health systems; 

(2) led to the worsening of economic conditions and 

contraction of gross domestic product per capita; 


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•SRES 120 RS 

(3) led to an increase in unemployment, especially for 

individuals working in small- and medium-size businesses 

and large informal sectors across the region, and a rise in 

the number of people living in poverty; and 

(4) created conditions that have strengthened the illicit activities of criminal organizations; 

Whereas the United States Government remains deeply concerned about the negative, often predatory effects of China’s growing political, economic, military, and technological influence throughout the region, including significant illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing activities 

in the Southern Atlantic Ocean and Eastern Pacific Ocean 

and opaque infrastructure investments that impose 

unsustainable financial burdens on recipient countries, enable corruption, and undermine good governance; 

Whereas the United States Government is deeply concerned 

about the Government of the Russian Federation’s employment of a wide array of diplomatic, military, intelligence, 

cyber, misinformation, and commercial tools to undermine 

democratic systems in the region, including through its 

deepening political, economic, and security support for the 

Maduro regime in Venezuela; 

Whereas the United States Government is deeply concerned 

about efforts by the Government of Iran to expand its political, economic, and security presence in the region, including through its deepening ties with the Maduro regime 

in Venezuela; 

Whereas the regimes of Nicola ́s Maduro in Venezuela, Miguel 

Dı ́az-Canel in Cuba, and Daniel Ortega in Nicaragua, 

have systematically eroded democratic institutions, commit 

widespread human rights violations, draw lessons from one 

another to sharpen state-sponsored repression and internal 


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•SRES 120 RS 

control mechanisms, and receive the support of malign 

state and non-state actors, which pose a challenge to 

United States national security and national interests; 

Whereas entrenched corruption, linkages between transnational 

criminal organizations and political actors, and the harassment and murder of journalists, human rights defenders, environmental activists, and civil society leaders in 

Latin America and the Caribbean weaken citizens’ confidence in democracy and negatively affect United States 

national interests; and 

Whereas weak rule of law, elevated levels of criminal violence, 

and systemic corruption in El Salvador, Guatemala, and 

Honduras fuel irregular migration that affects regional 

stability: Now, therefore, be it 

1 Resolved, That the Senate— 

2 (1) commemorates the occasion of the United 

3 States hosting the Ninth Summit of the Americas; 

4 (2) reaffirms the commitment of the United 

5 States to promote economic prosperity, security, and 

6 democratic governance throughout the Americas; 

7 and 

8 (3) calls on the President to lead a strong and 

9 coordinated diplomatic effort during the Summit 

10 process to ensure the Ninth Summit of the Amer11 icas— 

12 (A) strengthens democratic governance by 

13 building on the 2018 Lima Commitment to— 

14 (i) reduce bureaucracy; 


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1 (ii) strengthen the independence of ju2 diciaries; 

3 (iii) increase transparency through the 

4 use of new technologies; 

5 (iv) encourage private sector partici6 pation in the formulation of public anti7 corruption policies; 

8 (v) protect whistleblowers, journalists, 

9 and law enforcement officials; 

10 (vi) work towards preventing regional 

11 financial systems from being used to trans12 fer and conceal illicit funds; and 

13 (vii) identify resources to strengthen 

14 hemispheric anticorruption mechanisms; 

15 (B) strengthens post-COVID–19 pandemic 

16 economic recovery efforts by outlining specific 

17 commitments to deepen trade and investment 

18 integration throughout the Americas and pur19 suing effective nearshoring and reshoring initia20 tives; 

21 (C) builds upon United States efforts to 

22 enhance the institutional capacity and technical 

23 capabilities of partner countries to strengthen 

24 the rule of law, civilian security, respect of 

25 human rights, and government transparency; 


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1 (D) builds upon United States efforts to 

2 enhance regional cooperation to disrupt, de3 grade, and dismantle malign state and non4 state influences, including transnational orga5 nized criminal networks, and terrorist organiza6 tions; 

7 (E) reinforces the capacity of member 

8 states to— 

9 (i) implement actions and initiatives 

10 in support of peaceful and democratic ef11 forts of the people of Cuba, Nicaragua, 

12 and Venezuela, who desire to hold free and 

13 fair elections and restore democratic order 

14 and the rule of law in their respective 

15 countries; and 

16 (ii) support the people of El Salvador, 

17 Guatemala, and Honduras as they strive to 

18 address weak democratic governance and 

19 the elevated levels of corruption, violence, 

20 and criminality that drive irregular migra21 tion; and 

22 (F) explores a comprehensive approach to 

23 forced displacement and migration challenges in 

24 the Western Hemisphere, takes stock of human25 itarian crises and flashpoints in the region, and 


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1 mobilizes member state commitments to advo2 cate for and support multilateral humanitarian 

3 and development responses. 


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Calendar No. 28 

117TH CONGRESS 

1ST SESSION S. RES. 120 

RESOLUTION 

Recognizing the Ninth Summit of the Americas and 

Western Hemisphere. to a more prosperous, secure, and democratic reaffirming the commitment of the United States 

MARCH 24, 2021 

Reported without amendment and with an amendment to 

the preamble 


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