# Patent

## Title
Method and system for selecting virtual lanes in fibre channel switches

## Abstract

A method for assigning virtual lanes (VL) in a fiber channel switch is provided. The fiber channel switch element includes a virtual lane cache that can compare incoming frame parameters based on which virtual lanes may be assigned; and a register to store parameters used for virtual lane assignment. The method includes, determining if VL assignment is to be based on an incoming frame parameter or a programmed value; determining if an incoming frame is a preferred frame; and assigning a preferred routing priority if the incoming frame is designated as a preferred frame. The method also includes, determining if a fabric topology is known; and assigning virtual lanes based on a known fabric topology.

## Background
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is a divisional of application Ser. No. 10/894,827, filed Jul. 20, 2004 now U.S. Pat. No. 7,525,983, which claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §119(e)(1) to the following provisional patent applications:
Filed on Sep. 19, 2003, Ser. No. 60/503,812, entitled “Method and System for Fibre Channel Switches”;
Filed on Jan. 21, 2004, Ser. No. 60/537,933 entitled “Method And System For Routing And Filtering Network Data Packets In Fibre Channel Systems”;
Filed on Jul. 21, 2003, Ser. No. 60/488,757, entitled “Method and System for Selecting Virtual Lanes in Fibre Channel Switches”;
Filed on Dec. 29, 2003, Ser. No. 60/532,965, entitled “Programmable Pseudo Virtual Lanes for Fibre Channel Systems”;
Filed on Sep. 19, 2003, Ser. No. 60/504,038, entitled “Method and System for Reducing Latency and Congestion in Fibre Channel Switches;
Filed on Aug. 14, 2003, Ser. No. 60/495,212, entitled “Method and System for Detecting Congestion and Over Subscription in a Fibre channel Network”
Filed on Aug. 14, 2003, Ser. No. 60/495,165, entitled “LUN Based Hard Zoning in Fibre Channel Switches”;
Filed on Sep. 19, 2003, Ser. No. 60/503,809, entitled “Multi Speed Cut Through Operation in Fibre Channel Switches”
Filed on Sep. 23, 2003, Ser. No. 60/505,381, entitled “Method and System for Improving bandwidth and reducing Idles in Fibre Channel Switches”;
Filed on Sep. 23, 2003, Ser. No. 60/505,195, entitled “Method and System for Keeping a Fibre Channel Arbitrated Loop Open During Frame Gaps”;
Filed on Mar. 30, 2004, Ser. No. 60/557,613, entitled “Method and System for Congestion Control based on Optimum Bandwidth Allocation in a Fibre Channel Switch”;
Filed on Sep. 23, 2003, Ser. No. 60/505,075, entitled “Method and System for Programmable Data Dependent Network Routing”;
Filed on Sep. 19, 2003, Ser. No. 60/504,950, entitled “Method and System for Power Control of Fibre Channel Switches”;
Filed on Dec. 29, 2003, Ser. No. 60/532,967, entitled “Method and System for Buffer to Buffer Credit recovery in Fibre Channel Systems Using Virtual and/or Pseudo Virtual Lane”
Filed on Dec. 29, 2003, Ser. No. 60/532,966, entitled “Method And System For Using Extended Fabric Features With Fibre Channel Switch Elements”
Filed on Mar. 4, 2004, Ser. No. 60/550,250, entitled “Method And System for Programmable Data Dependent Network Routing”
Filed on May 7, 2004, Ser. No. 60/569,436, entitled “Method And System For Congestion Control In A Fibre Channel Switch”
Filed on May 18, 2004, Ser. No. 60/572,197, entitled “Method and System for Configuring Fibre Channel Ports” and
Filed on Dec. 29, 2003, Ser. No. 60/532,963 entitled “Method and System for Managing Traffic in Fibre Channel Switches”.
The disclosure of the foregoing applications is incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.


BACKGROUND
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to fibre channel systems, and more particularly to virtual lane selection in fibre channel switches.
2. Background of the Invention
Fibre channel is a set of American National Standard Institute (ANSI) standards, which provide a serial transmission protocol for storage and network protocols such as HIPPI, SCSI, IP, ATM and others. Fibre channel provides an input/output interface to meet the requirements of both channel and network users.
Fibre channel supports three different topologies: point-to-point, arbitrated loop and fibre channel fabric. The point-to-point topology attaches two devices directly. The arbitrated loop topology attaches devices in a loop. The fibre channel fabric topology attaches host systems directly to a fabric, which are then connected to multiple devices. The fibre channel fabric topology allows several media types to be interconnected.
Fibre channel is a closed system that relies on multiple ports to exchange information on attributes and characteristics to determine if the ports can operate together. If the ports can work together, they define the criteria under which they communicate.
In fibre channel, a path is established between two nodes where the path's primary task is to transport data from one point to another at high speed with low latency, performing only simple error detection in hardware.
Fibre channel fabric devices include a node port or “N_Port” that manages fabric connections. The N_port establishes a connection to a fabric element (e.g., a switch) having a fabric port or F_port. Fabric elements include the intelligence to handle routing, error detection, recovery, and similar management functions.
A fibre channel switch is a multi-port device where each port manages a simple point-to-point connection between itself and its attached system. Each port can be attached to a server, peripheral, I/O subsystem, bridge, hub, router, or even another switch. A switch receives messages from one port and automatically routes it to another port. Multiple calls or data transfers happen concurrently through the multi-port fibre channel switch.
Fibre channel switches use memory buffers to hold frames received and sent across a network. Associated with these buffers are credits, which are the number of frames that a buffer can hold per fabric port.
Often a fibre channel switch is coupled between devices that use varying data rates to transfer data. The mis-match in the data transfer rates can result in inefficient use of the overall bandwidth. An illustration of this problem is shown in FIG. 2. FIG. 2 shows switches 207 and 209 coupled by a 10 G link 208. Host systems 203 and 202 are coupled to switch 207 by 2 G links 204 and 205, respectively. Host system 201 is coupled by a 1 G link 206. A target 213 is coupled to switch 209 by a 1 G link 210, while targets 214 and 215 are coupled by 2 G links 211 and 212, respectively.
As is shown in FIG. 2, host 203 can send data at 2 G to target 213 that can receive data at 1 G. Since target 213 receives data at a lower rate that can fill the receive buffers in switch 209 resulting in bandwidth degradation. One way to avoid this problem is to use virtual lanes on link 208.
Fibre channel switches use “virtual lanes” to allocate receive credits at an E_port. Virtual lanes are a portion of the data path between a source and destination port. Credits are allocated into groups so that a fast device sending data to a slow device does not consume all of the receive credits and cause bandwidth degradation.
The fibre channel standard does not provide any guidance as to how virtual lanes should be assigned or programmed.
Conventional switches use a destination identifier (“D_ID” a routing address in the frame header defined by fibre channel standards) to assign virtual lanes. This by itself is not very efficient or adaptive because fabric topology can vary and D_ID may not be the best parameter for virtual lane assignment.
Therefore, what is required is a process and system that efficiently maps frames into virtual lanes to maximize bandwidth based on fabric topology.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
A method for assigning virtual lanes (VL) in a fibre channel switch is provided. The method includes, determining if VL assignment is to be based on an incoming frame parameter or a programmed value; determining if an incoming frame is a preferred frame; and assigning a preferred routing priority if the incoming frame is designated as a preferred frame.
In yet another aspect of the present invention, a method for assigning virtual lanes, based on fabric topology is provided. The method includes, determining if a fabric topology is known; and assigning virtual lanes based on a known fabric topology.
In yet another aspect, a system for assigning virtual lanes in a fibre channel switch is provided. The system includes, a virtual lane cache that can compare incoming frame parameters based on which virtual lanes may be assigned; and a register to store parameters used for virtual lane assignment.
In yet another aspect, a method for selecting virtual lanes in a fibre channel switch is provided. The method includes, determining if a virtual lane is to be assigned based on a control register value or a virtual lane cache value; and determining if a frame is to be given routing priority over other frames. A frame's S_ID, D_ID, OX_ID or VSAN_ID may be used to assign virtual lanes.
In yet another aspect, a method for adjusting virtual lane credit for fibre channel switches is provided. The method includes, determining if virtual lanes are enabled with virtual lane compression; and mapping VC_RDYs, if virtual lane compression is enabled.
In yet another aspect of the present invention, a system for collecting virtual lane statistics in a fibre channel switch element is provided. The system includes plural counters for collecting information regarding a virtual lane, including a credit counter for monitoring virtual lane credit.
This brief summary has been provided so that the nature of the invention may be understood quickly. A more complete understanding of the invention can be obtained by reference to the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments thereof concerning the attached drawings.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The foregoing features and other features of the present invention will now be described with reference to the drawings of a preferred embodiment. In the drawings, the same components have the same reference numerals. The illustrated embodiment is intended to illustrate, but not to limit the invention. The drawings include the following Figures:
FIG. 1A shows an example of a Fibre Channel network system;
FIG. 1B shows an example of a Fibre Channel switch element, according to one aspect of the present invention;
FIG. 1C shows a block diagram of a 20-channel switch chassis, according to one aspect of the present invention;
FIG. 1D shows a block diagram of a Fibre Channel switch element with sixteen GL_Ports and four 10 G ports, according to one aspect of the present invention;
FIGS. 1E-1/E-2 (jointly referred to as FIG. 1E) show another block diagram of a Fibre Channel switch element with sixteen GL_Ports and four 10 G ports, according to one aspect of the present invention;
FIG. 2 shows a block diagram of plural switches coupled to plural targets to illustrate shortcomings of conventional systems;
FIGS. 3A/3B (jointly referred to as FIG. 3) show a block diagram of a GL_Port, according to one aspect of the present invention;
FIGS. 4A/4B (jointly referred to as FIG. 3) show a block diagram of XG_Port (10 G) port, according to one aspect of the present invention;
FIG. 5 shows an example of a VL cache, used according to one aspect of the present invention; and
FIG. 6 shows a flow diagram of executable process steps used for selecting virtual lanes, according to one aspect of the present invention;
FIG. 7 shows a flow diagram for assigning virtual lanes based on fabric topology, according to one aspect of the present invention; and
FIG. 8 is a process flow diagram for generating VC_RDYs and adjusting virtual lane credit, according to one aspect of the present invention.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Definitions
The following definitions are provided as they are typically (but not exclusively) used in the fibre channel environment, implementing the various adaptive aspects of the present invention.
“E-Port”: A fabric expansion port that attaches to another Interconnect port to create an Inter-Switch Link.
“F_Port”: A port to which non-loop N_Ports are attached to a fabric and does not include FL_ports.
“Fibre channel ANSI Standard”: The standard describes the physical interface, transmission and signaling protocol of a high performance serial link for support of other high level protocols associated with IPI, SCSI, IP, ATM and others.
“FC-1”: Fibre channel transmission protocol, which includes serial encoding, decoding and error control.
“FC-2”: Fibre channel signaling protocol that includes frame structure and byte sequences.
“FC-3”: Defines a set of fibre channel services that are common across plural ports of a node.
“FC-4”: Provides mapping between lower levels of fibre channel, IPI and SCSI command sets, HIPPI data framing, IP and other upper level protocols.
“Fabric”: The structure or organization of a group of switches, target and host devices (NL_Port, N_ports etc.).
“Fabric Topology”: This is a topology where a device is directly attached to a fibre channel fabric that uses destination identifiers embedded in frame headers to route frames through a fibre channel fabric to a desired destination.
“FL_Port”: A L_Port that is able to perform the function of a F_Port, attached via a link to one or more NL_Ports in an Arbitrated Loop topology.
“Inter-Switch Link”: A Link directly connecting the E_port of one switch to the E_port of another switch.
Port: A general reference to N. Sub.--Port or F.Sub.--Port.
“L_Port”: A port that contains Arbitrated Loop functions associated with the Arbitrated Loop topology.
“N-Port”: A direct fabric attached port.
“NL_Port”: A L_Port that can perform the function of a N_Port.
“Switch”: A fabric element conforming to the Fibre Channel Switch standards.
“VL” (Virtual Lane): A virtual portion of the data path between a source and destination port each having independent buffer to buffer flow control.
Fibre Channel System:
To facilitate an understanding of the preferred embodiment, the general architecture and operation of a fibre channel system will be described. The specific architecture and operation of the preferred embodiment will then be described with reference to the general architecture of the fibre channel system.
FIG. 1A is a block diagram of a fibre channel system 100 implementing the methods and systems in accordance with the adaptive aspects of the present invention. System 100 includes plural devices that are interconnected. Each device includes one or more ports, classified as node ports (N_Ports), fabric ports (F_Ports), and expansion ports (E_Ports). Node ports may be located in a node device, e.g. server 103, disk array 105 and storage device 104. Fabric ports are located in fabric devices such as switch 101 and 102. Arbitrated loop 106 may be operationally coupled to switch 101 using arbitrated loop ports (FL_Ports).
The devices of FIG. 1A are operationally coupled via “links” or “paths”. A path may be established between two N_ports, e.g. between server 103 and storage 104. A packet-switched path may be established using multiple links, e.g. an N-Port in server 103 may establish a path with disk array 105 through switch 102.
Fabric Switch Element
FIG. 1B is a block diagram of a 20-port ASIC fabric element according to one aspect of the present invention. FIG. 1B provides the general architecture of a 20-channel switch chassis using the 20-port fabric element. Fabric element includes ASIC 20 with non-blocking fibre channel class 2 (connectionless, acknowledged) and class 3 (connectionless, unacknowledged) service between any ports. It is noteworthy that ASIC 20 may also be designed for class 1 (connection-oriented) service, within the scope and operation of the present invention as described herein.
The fabric element of the present invention is presently implemented as a single CMOS ASIC, and for this reason the term “fabric element” and ASIC are used interchangeably to refer to the preferred embodiments in this specification. Although FIG. 1B shows 20 ports, the present invention is not limited to any particular number of ports.
ASIC 20 has 20 ports numbered in FIG. 1B as GL0 through GL19. These ports are generic to common Fibre Channel port types, for example, F_Port, FL_Port and E-Port. In other words, depending upon what it is attached to, each GL port can function as any type of port. Also, the GL port may function as a special port useful in fabric element linking, as described below.
For illustration purposes only, all GL ports are drawn on the same side of ASIC 20 in FIG. 1B. However, the ports may be located on both sides of ASIC 20 as shown in other figures. This does not imply any difference in port or ASIC design. Actual physical layout of the ports will depend on the physical layout of the ASIC.
Each port GL0-GL19 has transmit and receive connections to switch crossbar 50. One connection is through receive buffer 52, which functions to receive and temporarily hold a frame during a routing operation. The other connection is through a transmit buffer 54.
Switch crossbar 50 includes a number of switch crossbars for handling specific types of data and data flow control information. For illustration purposes only, switch crossbar 50 is shown as a single crossbar. Switch crossbar 50 is a connectionless crossbar (packet switch) of known conventional design, sized to connect 21×21 paths. This is to accommodate 20 GL ports plus a port for connection to a fabric controller, which may be external to ASIC 20.
In the preferred embodiments of switch chassis described herein, the fabric controller is a firmware-programmed microprocessor, also referred to as the input/out processor (“IOP”). IOP 66 is shown in FIG. 1C as a part of a switch chassis utilizing one or more of ASIC 20. As seen in FIG. 1B, bi-directional connection to IOP 66 is routed through port 67, which connects internally to a control bus 60. Transmit buffer 56, receive buffer 58, control register 62 and Status register 64 connect to bus 60. Transmit buffer 56 and receive buffer 58 connect the internal connectionless switch crossbar 50 to IOP 66 so that it can source or sink frames.
Control register 62 receives and holds control information from IOP 66, so that IOP 66 can change characteristics or operating configuration of ASIC 20 by placing certain control words in register 62. IOP 66 can read status of ASIC 20 by monitoring various codes that are placed in status register 64 by monitoring circuits (not shown).
FIG. 1C shows a 20-channel switch chassis S2 using ASIC 20 and IOP 66. S2 will also include other elements, for example, a power supply (not shown). The 20 GL ports correspond to channel C0-C19. Each GL port has a serial/deserializer (SERDES) designated as S0-S19. Ideally, the SERDES functions are implemented on ASIC 20 for efficiency, but may alternatively be external to each GL port.
Each GL port has an optical-electric converter, designated as OE0-OE19 connected with its SERDES through serial lines, for providing fibre optic input/output connections, as is well known in the high performance switch design. The converters connect to switch channels C0-C19. It is noteworthy that the ports can connect through copper paths or other means instead of optical-electric converters.
FIG. 1D shows a block diagram of ASIC 20 with sixteen GL ports and four 10 G (Gigabyte) port control modules designated as XG0-XG3 for four 10 G ports designated as XGP0-XGP3. ASIC 20 include a control port 62A that is coupled to IOP 66 through a PCI connection 66A.
FIG. 1E-1/1E-2 (jointly referred to as FIG. 1E) show yet another block diagram of ASIC 20 with sixteen GL and four XG port control modules. Each GL port control module has a Receive port (RPORT) 69 with a receive buffer (RBUF) 69A and a transmit port 70 with a transmit buffer (TBUF) 70A, as described below in detail. GL and XG port control modules are coupled to physical media devices (“PMD”) 76 and 75 respectively.
Control port module 62A includes control buffers 62B and 62D for transmit and receive sides, respectively. Module 62A also includes a PCI interface module 62C that allows interface with IOP 66 via a PCI bus 66A.
XG_Port (for example 74B) includes RPORT 72 with RBUF 71 similar to RPORT 69 and RBUF 69A and a TBUF and TPORT similar to TBUF 70A and TPORT 70. Protocol module 73 interfaces with SERDES to handle protocol based functionality.
GL_Port:
FIGS. 3A-3B (referred to as FIG. 3) show a detailed block diagram of a GL port as used in ASIC 20. GL port 300 is shown in three segments, namely, receive segment (RPORT) 310, transmit segment (TPORT) 312 and common segment 311.
Receive Segment of GL_Port:
Frames enter through link 301 and SERDES 302 converts data into 10-bit parallel data to fibre channel characters, which are then sent to receive pipe (“Rpipe” may be referenced as “Rpipe1” or “Rpipe2”) 303A via a de-multiplexer (DEMUX) 303. Rpipe 303A includes, parity module 305 and decoder 304. Decoder 304 decodes 10B data to 8B and parity module 305 adds a parity bit. Rpipe 303A also performs various Fibre Channel standard functions such as detecting a start of frame (SOF), end-of frame (EOF), Idles, R_RDYs (fibre channel standard primitive) and the like, which are not described since they are standard functions.
Rpipe 303A connects to smoothing FIFO (SMF) module 306 that performs smoothing functions to accommodate clock frequency variations between remote transmitting and local receiving devices.
Frames received by RPORT 310 are stored in receive buffer (RBUF) 69A, (except for certain Fibre Channel Arbitrated Loop (AL) frames). Path 309 shows the frame entry path, and all frames entering path 309 are written to RBUF 69A as opposed to the AL path 308.
Cyclic redundancy code (CRC) module 313 further processes frames that enter GL port 300 by checking CRC and processing errors according to FC_PH rules. The frames are subsequently passed to RBUF 69A where they are steered to an appropriate output link. RBUF 69A is a link receive buffer and can hold multiple frames.
Reading from and writing to RBUF 69A are controlled by RBUF read control logic (“RRD”) 319 and RBUF write control logic (“RWT”) 307, respectively. RWT 307 specifies which empty RBUF 69A slot will be written into when a frame arrives through the data link via multiplexer (“Mux”) 313B, CRC generate module 313A and EF (external proprietary format) module 314. EF module 314 encodes proprietary (i.e. non-standard) format frames to standard Fibre Channel 8B codes. Mux 313B receives input from Rx Spoof module 314A, which encodes frames to an proprietary format (if enabled). RWT 307 controls RBUF 69A write addresses and provides the slot number to tag writer (“TWT”) 317.
RRD 319 processes frame transfer requests from RBUF 69A. Frames may be read out in any order and multiple destinations may get copies of the frames.
Steering state machine (SSM) 316 receives frames and determines the destination for forwarding the frame. SSM 316 produces a destination mask, where there is one bit for each destination. Any bit set to a certain value, for example, 1, specifies a legal destination, and there can be multiple bits set, if there are multiple destinations for the same frame (multicast or broadcast).
SSM 316 makes this determination using information from alias cache 315, steering registers 316A, control register 326 values and frame contents. IOP 66 writes all tables so that correct exit path is selected for the intended destination port addresses.
The destination mask from SSM 316 is sent to TWT 317 and a RBUF tag register (RTAG) 318. TWT 317 writes tags to all destinations specified in the destination mask from SSM 316. Each tag identifies its corresponding frame by containing an RBUF 69A slot number where the frame resides, and an indication that the tag is valid.
Each slot in RBUF 69A has an associated set of tags, which are used to control the availability of the slot. The primary tags are a copy of the destination mask generated by SSM 316. As each destination receives a copy of the frame, the destination mask in RTAG 318 is cleared. When all the mask bits are cleared, it indicates that all destinations have received a copy of the frame and that the corresponding frame slot in RBUF 69A is empty and available for a new frame.
RTAG 318 also has frame content information that is passed to a requesting destination to pre-condition the destination for the frame transfer. These tags are transferred to the destination via a read multiplexer (RMUX) (not shown).
Transmit Segment of GL_Port:
Transmit segment (“TPORT”) 312 performs various transmit functions. Transmit tag register (TTAG) 330 provides a list of all frames that are to be transmitted. Tag Writer 317 or common segment 311 write TTAG 330 information. The frames are provided to arbitration module (“transmit arbiter” (“TARB”)) 331, which is then free to choose which source to process and which frame from that source to be processed next.
TTAG 330 includes a collection of buffers (for example, buffers based on a first-in first out (“FIFO”) scheme) for each frame source. TTAG 330 writes a tag for a source and TARB 331 then reads the tag. For any given source, there are as many entries in TTAG 330 as there are credits in RBUF 69A.
TARB 331 is activated anytime there are one or more valid frame tags in TTAG 330. TARB 331 preconditions its controls for a frame and then waits for the frame to be written into TBUF 70A. After the transfer is complete, TARB 331 may request another frame from the same source or choose to service another source.
TBUF 70A is the path to the link transmitter. Typically, frames don't land in TBUF 70A in their entirety. Mostly, frames simply pass through TBUF 70A to reach output pins, if there is a clear path.
Switch Mux 332 is also provided to receive output from crossbar 50. Switch Mux 332 receives input from plural RBUFs (shown as RBUF 00 to RBUF 19), and input from CPORT 62A shown as CBUF 1 frame/status. TARB 331 determines the frame source that is selected and the selected source provides the appropriate slot number. The output from Switch Mux 332 is sent to ALUT 323 for S_ID spoofing and the result is fed into TBUF Tags 333.
TMUX (“TxMUX”) 339 chooses which data path to connect to the transmitter. The sources are: primitive sequences specified by IOP 66 via control registers 326 (shown as primitive 339A), and signals as specified by Transmit state machine (“TSM”) 346, frames following the loop path, or steered frames exiting the fabric via TBUF 70A.
TSM 346 chooses the data to be sent to the link transmitter, and enforces all fibre Channel rules for transmission. TSM 346 receives requests to transmit from loop state machine 320, TBUF 70A (shown as TARB request 346A) and from various other IOP 66 functions via control registers 326 (shown as IBUF Request 345A). TSM 346 also handles all credit management functions, so that Fibre Channel connectionless frames are transmitted only when there is link credit to do so.
Loop state machine (“LPSM”) 320 controls transmit and receive functions when GL_Port is in a loop mode. LPSM 320 operates to support loop functions as specified by FC-AL-2.
IOP buffer (“IBUF”) 345 provides IOP 66 the means for transmitting frames for special purposes.
Frame multiplexer (“Frame Mux” or “Mux”) 336 chooses the frame source, while logic (TX spoof 334) converts D_ID and S_ID from public to private addresses. Frame Mux 336 receives input from Tx Spoof module 334, TBUF tags 333, and Mux 335 to select a frame source for transmission.
EF module 338 encodes proprietary (i.e. non-standard) format frames to standard Fibre Channel 8B codes and CRC module 337 generates CRC data for the outgoing frames.
Modules 340-343 put a selected transmission source into proper format for transmission on an output link 344. Parity 340 checks for parity errors, when frames are encoded from 8B to 10B by encoder 341, marking frames “invalid”, according to Fibre Channel rules, if there was a parity error. Phase FIFO 342A receives frames from encode module 341 and the frame is selected by Mux 342 and passed to SERDES 343. SERDES 343 converts parallel transmission data to serial before passing the data to the link media. SERDES 343 may be internal or external to ASIC 20.
Common Segment of GL_Port:
As discussed above, ASIC 20 include common segment 311 comprising of various modules. LPSM 320 has been described above and controls the general behavior of TPORT 312 and RPORT 310.
A loop look up table (“LLUT”) 322 and an address look up table (“ALUT”) 323 is used for private loop proxy addressing and hard zoning managed by firmware.
Common segment 311 also includes control register 326 that controls bits associated with a GL_Port, status register 324 that contains status bits that can be used to trigger interrupts, and interrupt mask register 325 that contains masks to determine the status bits that will generate an interrupt to IOP 66. Common segment 311 also includes AL control and status register 328 and statistics register 327 that provide accounting information for FC management information base (“MIB”).
Output from status register 324 may be used to generate a Fp Peek function. This allows a status register 324 bit to be viewed and sent to the CPORT.
Output from control register 326, statistics register 327 and register 328 (as well as 328A for an X_Port, shown in FIG. 4) is sent to Mux 329 that generates an output signal (FP Port Reg Out).
Output from Interrupt register 325 and status register 324 is sent to logic 335 to generate a port interrupt signal (FP Port Interrupt).
BIST module 321 is used for conducting embedded memory testing.
XG_Port
FIGS. 4A-4B (referred to as FIG. 4) show a block diagram of a 10 G Fibre Channel port control module (XG FPORT) 400 used in ASIC 20. Various components of XG FPORT 400 are similar to GL port control module 300 that are described above. For example, RPORT 310 and 310A, Common Port 311 and 311A, and TPORT 312 and 312A have common modules as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 with similar functionality.
RPORT 310A can receive frames from links (or lanes) 301A-301D and transmit frames to lanes 344A-344D. Each link has a SERDES (302A-302D), a de-skew module, a decode module (303B-303E) and parity module (304A-304D). Each lane also has a smoothing FIFO (TxSMF) module 305A-305D that performs smoothing functions to accommodate clock frequency variations. Parity errors are checked by module 403, while CRC errors are checked by module 404.
RPORT 310A uses a virtual lane (“VL”) cache 402 that stores plural vector values that are used for virtual lane assignment. In one aspect of the present invention, VL Cache 402 may have 32 entries and two vectors per entry. IOP 66 is able to read or write VL cache 402 entries during frame traffic. State machine 401 controls credit that is received. On the transmit side, credit state machine 347 controls frame transmission based on credit availability. State machine 347 interfaces with credit counters 328A.
Also on the transmit side, modules 340-343 are used for each lane 344A-344D, i.e., each lane can have its own module 340-343. Parity module 340 checks for parity errors and encode module 341 encodes 8-bit data to 10 bit data. Mux 342B sends the 10-bit data to a SMF module 342 that handles clock variation on the transmit side. SERDES 343 then sends the data out to the link.
VL Cache 402:
FIG. 5 shows a detailed block diagram of VL cache 402. Logic 500 is for the first entry (00). Subsequent entries are shown as 501 (entry 01) and 502 (entry 31).
VL_Select bit 514A from control register 326 is used to control the selection of a virtual lane for incoming frames. This allows selection of virtual lanes using various parameters as highlighted by the example below.
If the VL Cache 402 Hit 510=0, then
000=Use VL_Default value for the VL_ID;
001=Use D_ID for the VL_ID;
010=Use OX_ID for the VL_ID
011=Use S_ID for the VL_ID
100=Use a virtual storage area network ID (VSAN-ID) number for the VL_ID
101=Use D_ID for VC_RDY generation and S_ID for credit qualification
110=Use S_ID for VC_RDY generation and D_ID for credit qualification
XXX=Any other field within the frame
If the Virtual Lane Cache 402 Hit=1, then use a bit(s) value supplied by Virtual Lane Cache 402. A virtual Lane identifier can also be selected by identifying the selection within specially coded areas of a frame. For example, when last word byte 3 bit 3=0, then:

    
    
        VL_Select may be:
        000=Use VL_Default value for the VL_ID;
        001=Use frame D_ID for the VL_ID;
        010=Use frame OX_ID for the VL_ID
        011=Use frame S_ID for the VL_ID
        100=Use a virtual storage area network ID (VSAN-ID) number for the VL_ID
        101=Use D_ID for VC_RDY generation and S_ID for credit qualification
        110=Use S_ID for VC_RDY generation and D_ID for credit qualification
        XXX=Any other field within the frame
    
    


When last word byte 3 bit 3=1, then:
Last word byte 3 bits selects VL_ID.
It is noteworthy that the foregoing bit assignment is intended to provide an example of how virtual lanes may be assigned using the adaptive aspects of the present invention. The foregoing bit assignment is not intended to limit the present invention.
VL cache 402 includes a control word register 517, which is an IOP 66 Read Write (r/w) register whose bits determine an associated entry's mode of operation. For example, the “V” bit indicates a valid entry, “BE” indicates “byte enabled” for byte to byte comparison, “P” indicates the preference bit of a frame that allows a frame to jump to the head of the queue of incoming frames for processing, and VL_ID indicates the virtual lane identification. It is noteworthy the fields in register 517 although shown with certain bit values (for example, the BE bit is 4 bits and VL_ID bit is 3 bits), this is not to limit the invention to any particular bit value and is merely to provide an example. This is also true for other figures illustrating the various aspects of the present invention.
VL cache 402 also includes a port pair register 518 that stores certain bit values for D_ID and S_ID comparison. When D_ID 519 and S_ID 520 enter VL cache 402, the valid entries are compared to port pair word 518 entries. The comparison is performed by logic 522A, 522, 523, 524, 525, 526, 527, 528 and 521. Logic 521 generates the result of the comparison 521A, which is sent to encoder 508, and logic 511. Logic 511 provides a VL hit signal (or command) 510 to MUX 509 that indicates that the virtual lane assignment is to be based on VL cache 402 values. Mux 509 generates signal 509A for virtual lane assignment.
Control register 326 includes various select values, for example, VL_Select and a default value. These can be selected by the firmware for virtual lane assignment. These values (for example, S_ID 514 (similar to 520), OX_ID 515, D_ID 513 (similar to 519) and a default virtual lane (VL_DEFAULT) 516) are sent to MUX 512. Based on control register 326 values, frame fields and VL select 514A, Mux 512 generates a bit value 512A that is sent to Mux 509 for assigning VLs.
Mux 503 is used to generate a preference frame tag 504 based on the “P” field in register 517. Signal VL_P 507 designates the preference for a virtual lane frame. Signal 507 is generated using gate 506 and is based on frame data 504 and VL_Hit 505 (similar to signal 510) signal. Mux 503 also sends an output 503A to Mux 509 and receives an input 508A from encoder 508. Firmware can set field P for such preferential virtual lane assignment. It is noteworthy that the preference frame assignment can also be used without VL operation.
The following table shows an example of VL cache 402 entries. VL_ID may be encoded into a bit field:
Bits Function

    
    
        Virtual Lane ID
        00=Virtual Lane 00
        01=Virtual Lane 01
        02=Virtual Lane 02
        03=Virtual Lane 03
        04=Virtual Lane 04
        05=Virtual Lane 05
        06=Virtual Lane 06
        =Virtual Lane 07
        Reserved
        16=Enable compare VLPP to incoming frame D_ID AL_PA field
        17=Enable compare VLPP to incoming frame D_ID area field
        18=Enable compare VLPP to incoming frame D_ID domain field
        19=Enable compare VLPP to incoming frame S_ID AL_PA field
        20=Enable compare VLPP to incoming frame S_ID area field
        21=Enable compare VLPP to incoming frame S_ID domain field
        Where 0=Force compare equal
        1=Enable compare for equal or not equal
        Preference Frame
        Where 0=Normal frame
        1=Preference frame
        Valid
        0=Not valid
        1=Valid
    
    


Virtual lane port pairs (“VLPP”) provide 32-port pair addresses for the compare mask.
The foregoing (including bit values/“32 Port”) are intended to illustrate the various aspects of the present invention and not to limit the invention.
FIG. 6 shows a flow diagram of executable process steps used for selecting virtual lanes, according to one aspect of the present invention. It is noteworthy that virtual lane selection/assignment criteria may vary from port to port of ASIC 20. Also, each end of a link may have different virtual lane assignment criteria. Hence, an entire switch element does not have to use the same VL assignment criteria. Furthermore, virtual lanes may not only be used among switches, but also between N_ports and loop ports.
Turning in detail to FIG. 6, the virtual lane assignment process starts in step S601, when incoming frames are received by RPORT 310A.
In step S602, the process matches the incoming frame's D_ID (519) and S_ID (520) in VL cache 402. If there is no match, then in step S603, a selected value is used to identify the frame's virtual lane. In one aspect, the frame's D_ID, S_ID, OX_ID, the frames VSAN_ID (virtual storage area number) or a VL default value from control register 326 may be used to assign a virtual lane for an incoming frame. Thereafter, the process ends in step S604.
If a valid match occurs in step S602, then in step S605, the VL_ID is provided by VL cache 402.
If VL_ID is to be assigned by VL Cache 402 values, then in step S606, the process determines if a particular frame is to be given preference over other frames. This is based on the value of “P” bit set in control word register 517. If VL preference bit is set, then in step S607, the process generates VL_P 507 that designates a particular frame to be a Virtual lane Preference frame.
In step S608, a VL_ID with preference is written to RTAG 318.
If the VL preference bit is not set, as determined in step S606, then in step S609, a VL_ID without preference is written to RTAG 318 and the process ends in step S610.
In yet another aspect of the present invention, virtual lanes may be assigned based on fabric topology. This is important because bandwidth of various links may vary and may depend on fabric topology.
FIG. 7 shows a flow diagram for assigning virtual lanes based on fabric topology. In one aspect of the present invention, optimum virtual lane assignment based on fabric topology information may be known and stored in firmware.
Turning in detail to FIG. 7, in step S700, the process starts. In step S701, the process determines if a particular fabric topology is known. If the fabric topology is not known, then in step S702, the process makes the optimum generic virtual lane assignments for the fabric topology.
If the fabric topology is known, then in step S703, the fabric topology is identified.
In step S704, the process assigns virtual lanes based on the fabric topology. In one aspect, register 326 or VL cache 402 values may be used by firmware to assign virtual lanes based on the identified topology.
In one aspect of the present invention, virtual lanes may be compressed, which will allow a link that supports N virtual lanes to communicate with another link that may support M virtual lanes. In this case, N is not equal to M and in one aspect of the present invention, N may be equal to 4 lanes and M may be equal to 8. A VL_Compress bit may also be stored in register 326 that controls VL compression. VL_Compress is used by TPORT 312A to determine which VC_RDY (a fibre channel standard defined primitive) to send, once notified by RBUF 69A that a frame has been disposed.
FIG. 8 is a process flow diagram for generating VC_RDYs and adjusting virtual lane credit. The process starts in step S800 (from step S610 in FIG. 6)
In step S801, the process determines if a frame has been sent to all destination(s). It is noteworthy that unicast frames have a single destination while multicast frames have multiple destinations. If the frame has been sent to all destinations, then in step S803, the process determines if virtual lanes are enabled. If virtual lines are not enabled, then in step S805, a R_RDY is spawned and the process ends.
If virtual lanes are enabled then in step S804, the process determines if VL compression is enabled. If VL compression is enabled, then VL_ID(M) is mapped to VC_RDY(N) in step S810 and a VC_RDY(N) is spawned in step S812.
If VL compression is not enabled in step S804, then VL_ID(M) is mapped to VC_RDY(M) in step S811, without compression and VC_RDY(M) is spawned in step S812, and the process ends.
If in step S801, the frame has not been sent to all destinations, then in step S802, the process determines if there is a request for the frame and status. If there is no request in step S802, then the process goes back to step S800.
If there is a request for frame and status in step S802, the process determines in step S806 if VL compression is enabled. If VL compression is enabled, then in step S808, VL_ID(M) is mapped to adjust virtual lane credit management mechanism(N). If VL compression is not enabled, then in step S807, VL_ID(M) is mapped to adjust virtual lane credit management mechanism(M).
Thereafter, in step s809, status is sent to TARB 335 and the frame is sent to TBUF 70A
An example for Step S811: VL_Compress=0, which means VL compression is not enabled:














VL # from RBUF
Spawned VC RDY









0
0



1
1



2
2



3
3



4
4



5
5



6
6



7
7










An example for step S810: If VL_Compress=1, which means VL compression is enabled, then:














VL # from RBUF
Spawned VC RDY









0
0



1
1



2
2



3
3



4
0



5
1



6
2



7
3










In one aspect of the present invention, the use of VL-Compress allows switch 207 supporting 4 virtual lanes to communicate with switch 209 that supports 8 virtual lanes. Switch 209 does not have to downgrade its capabilities because frames moving from switch 207 to 209 use 4 virtual lanes, while frames moving from switch 209 to switch 207 use 8 virtual lanes.
The foregoing is an example to illustrate virtual lane assignment where lanes are compressed and non-compressed situations. The invention is not limited to the foregoing specific allocation of lanes or number of lanes.
In one aspect of the present invention, virtual lane assignment can be programmed based on firmware or fabric topology, making the system and process versatile and flexible.
In yet another aspect of the present invention, virtual lane statistics are collected for each lane. Various counters can be used in statistics module 327 to gather information. For example, a counter (“CL2 Frames In Count” (“C2FI”)) increments every time a SOFi2 or SOFn2 frame is received into the fabric. A rollover event is spawned when the counter increments after reaching its maximum value.
Another counter (CL2 Frames Out Count (“C2FO”)) increments every time a SOFi2 or SOFn2 frame leaves the fabric. A rollover event is spawned when the counter increments after reaching its maximum value.
Another counter (CL2 Words In Count (“C2WI”)) can be used to count every time a frame word of an SOFi2 or SOFn2 frame is received into the fabric. A rollover event is spawned when the counter increments after reaching its maximum value.
Another counter (CL2 Words out Count (“C2WO”)) increments every time a SOFi2 or SOFn2 frame word is transmitted from the fabric. A rollover event is spawned when the counter increments after reaching its maximum value.
Another counter (CL3 Frames In Count (“C3FI”)) increments every time a SOFi3 or SOFn3 frame is received into the fabric. A rollover event is spawned when the counter increments after reaching its maximum value.
Another counter (CL3 Frames Out Count(“C3FO”)) increments every time a SOFi3 or SOFn3 frame is transmitted from the fabric. A rollover event is spawned when the counter increments after reaching its maximum value.
Another counter (CL3 Words In Count (“C3WI”)) increments every time a frame word of an SOFi3 or SOFn3 frame is received into the fabric. A rollover event is spawned when the counter increments after reaching its maximum value.
Another counter (CL3 Word Out Count(“C3WO”)) increments every time a SOFi3 or SOFn3 frame word is transmitted from the fabric. A rollover event is spawned when the counter increments after reaching its maximum value.
Another counter (ISL Frames In Count (“IFI”) increments when a SOFi2, SOFn2, SOFi3 or SOFn3 frame is received into the fabric that uses steering register 316A domain routing. A rollover event is spawned when the counter increments after reaching its maximum value.
Yet another counter (Invalid Transmission Word Count (“DEC”)) increments every time an “Invalid Transmission Word (ITW)” is detected at RPORT 310A. This error can occur on a word basis. A rollover event is spawned when the counter increments after reaching its maximum value.
Another counter (CRC Error Count (“CEC”)) increments every time a CRC error is detected on an incoming frame. A rollover event is spawned when the counter increments after reaching its maximum value.
Another counter (Transmit Wait Count (“TWAITC”) increments every time TARB 335 selects a word to transmit but is not able to send the word, especially due to lack of virtual lane credit. A rollover event is spawned when the counter increments after reaching its maximum value.
Another counter (Class 3 Toss Count (“C3TC”) increments each time a SOFi3 or SOFn3 frame is tossed from TBUF 70A, except for hard zoning violations. A separate counter (Hard Zoning Violation Count (“HZVC”) may be used for counting the number of attempts a frame makes to violate a hard zone at TBUF 70A. A rollover event is spawned when the counter increments after reaching its maximum value.
Yet another counter (Hard Zoning Toss Count (“HZTC”)) may be used to count each time a SOFi3 or SOFn3 frame is tossed from TBUF for hard zoning violations resulting from ALUT 323 miss or multiple hits. A rollover event is spawned when the counter increments after reaching its maximum value.
In yet another aspect of the present invention, plural bit counters (Virtual Lane Credit Count) is used monitor virtual lane credit. The counter may be located among-credit counters 328. The counters decrement each time a select R_RDY or VC_RDY is received and increments each time a frame is transmitted on a virtual lane. The following are some of the bits that may be used to monitor credits:
“TBUF_Frame_Departure: This bit sets each time a frame departs for a given virtual lane.
“HZ_Toss_Frame_Rollover” This denotes that a hard zoning toss count counter for a given virtual lane has overflowed and has gone back to zero.
“CL3_Toss_Frames_Rollover”: This denotes that CL3TC counter for a given virtual lane has overflowed.
“CL2_Frames_Out Rollover”: This denotes that the C2FO counter for a given virtual lane has overflowed.
“CL2_Words_Out_Rollover”: This denotes that the C2WO counter for a given virtual lane has overflowed.
“CL3_Frames_Out_Rollover”: This denotes that the C3FO counter for a given virtual lane has overflowed.
“CL3_Words_Out_Rollover”: This denotes that the C3WO counter for a given virtual lane has overflowed.
“TwaitC0_Thres” Denotes that TWAITCO threshold for a given virtual lane has overflowed.
“Wait Count0_Rollover”: This denotes that the TWAITCO counter for a given virtual lane has overflowed.
“CL3_Toss_Error”: This sets when a class fibre channel 3 frame is tossed out of TBUF 70A. This can occur because the frame timed out in RBUFF 69A or CBUF 62D, port is offline or logged out or TTAG 330 is in a flush state.
“CL2_Toss_Error”; This sets when a class 2 frame is tossed out of TBUF 70A.
The foregoing parameters as collected by modules 327 and 328 can be used by firmware for diagnostic purposes as well as for improving bandwidth.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments, these embodiments are illustrative only and not limiting. Many other applications and embodiments of the present invention will be apparent in light of this disclosure and the following claims.

## Claims

1. A method for adjusting virtual lane credit for switches, the method comprising;
determining if all copies of a frame have been sent to all destinations from among a plurality of frame destinations;
determining if virtual lanes are enabled;
determining if virtual lane compression is enabled;
if virtual lane compression is enabled, mapping a plurality of virtual lane identifiers to a plurality of primitives with compression;
if virtual lane compression is not enabled, mapping the plurality of virtual lane identifiers to the plurality of primitives without compression; and
spawning the plurality of primitives.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein if it is determined that all copies of the frame have not been sent to all the destinations, determining if there is a request for the frame and status.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein if it is determined that there is a request for the frame and the status, determining if virtual lane compression is enabled, and, if it is, mapping the plurality of virtual lane identifiers to a virtual lane credit management mechanism with compression.

4. The method of claim 3, further comprising sending the status to a transmit arbiter and the frame to a transmit buffer.

5. The method of claim 2, wherein if it is determined that there is a request for the frame and the status, determining if virtual lane compression is enabled, and, if it is not, mapping the plurality of virtual lane identifiers to a virtual lane credit management mechanism without compression.

6. The method of claim 5, further comprising sending the status to a transmit arbiter and the frame to a transmit buffer.