J-S30024-20

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

IN THE MATTER OF THE

INVOLUNTARY TERMINATION OF

PARENTAL RIGHTS TO H.O.C.

APPEAL OF: J.E.C.

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IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF

PENNSYLVANIA

No. 118 WDA 2020

Appeal from the Order Dated December 27, 2019

In the Court of Common Pleas of Venango County Orphans' Court at

No(s): O.C.D. No. 124-2018

BEFORE: MURRAY, J., McLAUGHLIN, J., and STEVENS, P.J.E.* MEMORANDUM BY McLAUGHLIN, J.: FILED AUGUST 19, 2020

J.E.C. (“Father”) appeals from the order terminating his parental rights

to H.O.C. (“Child”). He argues that the trial court abused its discretion in

granting Venango County Children, Youth and Family Services Agency’s

(“CYS”) petition to terminate his parental rights. We affirm.

CYS filed a petition in September 2018, seeking to terminate Father’s

parental rights to H.O.C., alleging that Father’s whereabouts were unknown.

See Petition for Involuntary Termination of Parental Rights, filed 9/7/18 at

¶ 3. It alleged that Father’s parental rights should be terminated under 23

Pa.C.S.A. § 2511(a)(1) and (2).

6. The said father, . . . , has by conduct continuing for a

period of time in excess of six (6) months to the date hereof:

____________________________________________

* Former Justice specially assigned to the Superior Court.
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a. Evidenced a settled purpose of relinquishing parental

claim to his minor child, [H.O.C.], and/or has refused or

failed to perform parental duties for and during the

period of time aforesaid; and/or

b. By reason of the continued incapacity, neglected or

refusal, has caused [H.O.C.] to be without essential

parental care, care or subsistence necessary for her

physical or mental well-being and the conditions and

causes of such incapacity, neglect, or refusal, cannot or

will not be remedied.

c. Continuously and repeatedly neglected the child, which

have caused her to be without parental care, control or

subsistence necessary for her physical or mental

wellbeing; and the conditions and causes of such neglect

or refusal to perform parental care cannot or will not be

remedied.

Id. at ¶ 6.

At a hearing on the termination petition, a CYS supervisor overseeing

Child’s dependency case, Valerie Zitterbart, testified that child came into CYS’s

care in December 2016, at the age of 12. N.T., Involuntary Termination of

Parental Rights Hearing, 8/15/19 at 15, 16. CYS became aware of Child

initially due to Child having missed six days of school. Id. at 17. CYS sought

an adjudication of dependency because Child’s mother could not be found. Id.

at 18. Zitterbart testified that when CYS took Child into custody, Child reported

“that as far as she was aware that her father was deceased.” Id.

Zitterbart said that the agency investigated whether father was in fact

deceased, and Child’s caseworker spoke to Child’s half-sister, who is also

Father’s child. She told Child’s caseworker that “[Father] moved to California

three years prior and that from her understanding she believed that he had

been deceased.” Id. at 19. Child’s half-sister said that the coroner’s office told
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her that “they had an individual who fit his description and his tattoos and

that this individual could possibly have been him, so they could state to her

that they presume that he is possibly deceased, however, they could not

confirm.” Id. at 20.

However, Zitterbart testified that CYS learned in December 2017 that

Father had contacted child’s foster family. Id. at 21. Child’s caseworker

“contacted the phone number that [Father] had called from and left a voice

mail and requested a call back,” but did not receive a return call. Id.

Approximately four months later, in March 2018, Child received a text

message from Father. Child’s caseworker obtained the number from which the

text came and again left a message requesting a call back. This time, Father

called and “basically stated that I am [Child’s] father. I know that the family

has told you that I am deceased, however, I’m not.” Id. at 22. He further

explained that he was living in California and had last seen Child when she

was three or five years old. Id. at 22, 23. Child received a letter from Father

in June 2018 stating that Child should face her fears in meeting with Father.

Id. at 113.1

Zitterbart testified that in May 2018, Father moved back to

Pennsylvania. Id. at 28. She said that from the time of his first contact with

the foster care parents in December 2017 until the termination hearing in

August 2019, Father contacted the Agency or the foster parents a total of

____________________________________________

1 The letter from Father to Child is not included in the certified record.
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seven times. Id. at 34. Zitterbart also testified that by December 2017, the

Agency had ceased efforts at reunification and did not resume them. See id. at 40.

Child’s therapist, Michelle Hayman, testified that she saw Child between

November 2017 and May 2019. She said that that “[Child] only wants to lash

out at [Father]. She doesn’t want to feel abandonment more than she’s

already experienced. Her focus is on why he’s stepping up now when he had

years to show and he didn’t want to be in her life before.” Id. at 9, 11. Child’s

foster mother, C.D., testified that Child has been in her care since December

2017 and that her plan was to adopt Child. Id. at 54.

Child, who was nearly 15 years old at the time of the hearing, also

testified and said that she did not know that Father was her biological father

until she found her birth certificate when she was 11 years old. Id. at 108.

She explained that she did have an opportunity to speak with Father in

December 2017, and Father told her that he had not been in her life because

of his drug addiction and because her mother had not known where he was.

Id. at 112, 114. Child also testified that Father’s letter “really upset me and

bothered me” and that he had misspelled her name. Id. at 110. She testified

that Father’s opinion in the letter that she should face her fears upset her

“[b]ecause I’m not afraid of talking to him. I’m not afraid of being here. I just

don’t want to.” Id. at 113. She said that she wanted Father’s rights to be

terminated so that she could be adopted. Id.
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Q [Counsel for Father]: What do you want to happen

today?

A [Child]: I want [Father’s] rights to be terminated, and

I don’t want him to appeal it and then have to wait

several more months to get adopted.

Q: What is your goal regarding this permanency?

A: To get adopted.

Q: Is there anything else you would like the Court to

consider today?

A: Termination.

Id. Child also testified that she has lived with foster parents for two years. Id.

at 107. She testified that she cared for them and acknowledged them as her

“parents.” Id.

Father testified that at the time of the hearing, the last time he had

spoken to Child was in 2018, and prior to that was in 2012. Id. at 66. He said

that Child had lived with him and Child’s mother in South Carolina in 2011,

when Child was about five and a half years old. Id. at 83. He stated that “while

I was out of town working on a Thursday evening [Child’s] mother . . .

abducted her and brought her to Pennsylvania.” Id. at 67. Father claimed that

in South Carolina “the mother has first rights and because I didn’t take

advantage - - or take the opportunity to secure my rights in any way by getting

assistance or anything like that there was nothing I could do about it at the

time.” Id. at 67. He explained that for the next four or five years, he tried to

find Child and her mother.

Q [Counsel for Father]: Were you able to maintain contact

with [Mother]?
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A [Father]: I tried to uh – throughout the course of several

years, four or five years I came back up to Pennsylvania

from South Carolina in 2014 or ’15 and tried to track down

[Child], her whereabouts, her mother whereabouts. When

her mother was in a financial position where she can be in

a different state at any time, Your Honor. She can be at a

different county at any time, Your Honor.

Q: Did you have any success in trying to find her?

A: I had no success. And every time I would get anywhere

close to her I would be an hour or 20 minutes late and she’d

be gone somewhere else.

Id. at 67-68.

Father said he eventually moved to California “for a job opportunity and

as a means to secure my ongoing [drug addiction] recovery[.]” Id. at 68.

Father then testified that he was first informed that Child was in CYS’s custody

from a friend. Id. at 70. He said that the friend said “he wasn’t sure exactly

what was [going] on with my child. He knew her mother had been arrested

on apparently some kind of charges and that [Child] was in temporary custody

of the state and they were looking for housing for her.” Id.

Father said that he then called Child’s foster mother who said she did

not know him. Id. at 71. Father testified that he then returned to Pennsylvania

in May 2018, contacted CYS and explained that he now lived in Pennsylvania,

he loved Child, he was her biological father, and “would very much appreciate

some kind of assistance in being a mediator.” Id. at 72, 85. He “spoke to

different workers there probably six times in the last two years” and “went to

their office at least three times.” Id. at 72-73. In June 2018, he also attended
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the Permanency Review Hearing and had the opportunity to write a letter to

Child. Id. at 75.

Father also testified about his interactions with CYS. He maintained that

CYS “pretty much conveyed to me, for lack of words, they felt I was a day late

and a dollar short and that anything I had to contribute they weren’t really

interested in receiving.” Id. at 73. He stated that CYS “felt that [Child’s]

maturity at 14 is mature enough – or 13 – was mature enough for her to make

her own decisions.” Id. He also said that it was his belief that [Child] had been

told for years that he was deceased and had not received letters and gifts he

allegedly sent her. See id. at 74.

From my understanding as of last week when I got a chance

my first overview of this whole case she’s been lied to for a

number of years. She has no idea that during them years

she has been sent gifts. She has been sent letters. I’ve tried

numerous times to speak to her mother. I mean, she’s old

enough and aware of the fact that she knew [Mother’s

boyfriend] was abusive to her mother. . . .

Id.

Following the hearing, the trial court terminated Father’s parental rights.

Findings of Facts and Conclusions of Law, filed 12/27/19 at 8. This timely

appeal followed.

Father raises the following claims before this Court:

I. Whether the trial court erred as a matter of law or abused

its discretion in determining that [Father’s] parental rights

should be terminated as being in the best interest of the

minor child was against the weight of the evidence

presented because the evidence presented at trial

established that once the Father was located and informed
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of the dependency matter regarding the minor child, the

father made every effort to return to Venango County,

Pennsylvania, and parent the minor child?

II. Whether the trial court erred as a matter of law or abused

its discretion in determining [Father’s] parental rights

should be terminated when failing to adequately consider

the father’s efforts to create contact and a relationship with

the minor child and barriers set up by the Venango County

Children, Youth and Family Services Agency to prevent

father’s attempt to create contact and a relationship with

the minor child?

Father’s Br. at 6.

In his first issue, Father maintains that CYS failed to carry its burden of

proving by clear and convincing evidence that Father evidenced a settled

purpose of relinquishing his parental rights. He alleges that “[f]rom December

of 2017 until the filing of the Petition on September 7, 2018, [Father] took

every step and made every request possible in this matter.” Father’s Br. at

17.

Section 2511 of the Adoption Act governs the termination of parental

rights. Here, CYS sought termination of Father’s rights pursuant to subsections

2511(a)(1) and (2). (a) General rule.--The rights of a parent in regard to a

child may be terminated after a petition filed on any of the

following grounds:

(1) The parent by conduct continuing for a period of at

least six months immediately preceding the filing of the

petition either has evidenced a settled purpose of

relinquishing parental claim to a child or has refused or

failed to perform parental duties.

(2) The repeated and continued incapacity, abuse,

neglect or refusal of the parent has caused the child to

be without essential parental care, control or subsistence
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necessary for his physical or mental well-being and the

conditions and causes of the incapacity, abuse, neglect

or refusal cannot or will not be remedied by the parent.

23 Pa.C.S.A § 2511(a)(1), (2).

A party seeking termination of parental rights must plead and prove by

clear and convincing evidence that termination is warranted under section

2511(a). See In re B.J.Z., 207 A.3d 914, 921 (Pa.Super. 2019). Clear and

convincing evidence for purposes of terminating parental rights “is defined as

testimony that is so clear, direct, weighty, and convincing as to enable the

trier of fact to come to a clear conviction, without hesitance, of the truth of

the precise facts in issue.” In re G.P.-R., 851 A.2d 967, 973 (Pa.Super. 2004)

(quoting In re A.L.D., 797 A.2d 326, 336 (Pa.Super. 2002)). “[P]arental

rights may be terminated pursuant to Section 2511(a)(1) if the parent either

demonstrates a settled purpose of relinquishing parental claim to a child or

fails to perform parental duties.” In re Adoption of Charles E.D.M., II, 708

A.2d 88, 91 (Pa. 1998). “Parental duty is best understood in relation to the needs of a child.” In

re C.M.S., 832 A.2d 457, 462 (Pa.Super. 2003) (citation omitted). The needs

of a child include love, protection, guidance, and support. See id. “A parent

must utilize all available resources to preserve the parental relationship, and

must exercise reasonable firmness in resisting obstacles placed in the path of

maintaining the parent-child relationship.” In re B.,N.M., 856 A.2d 847, 855

(Pa.Super. 2004).
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In determining whether a parent has demonstrated a settled purpose of

relinquishing parental claim to a child or failed to perform parental duties, the

trial court must engage in a three part inquiry: “(1) the parent’s explanation

for his or her conduct; (2) the post-abandonment contact between parent and

child; and (3) consideration of the effect of termination of parental rights on

the child pursuant to Section 2511(b).” Matter of Adoption of Charles

E.D.M., II, 708 A.2d at 92.

When the trial court considers termination under subsection (a)(1), “the

court shall not consider any efforts by the parent to remedy the conditions

described therein which are first initiated subsequent to the giving of notice

of the filing of the petition.” 23 Pa.C.S.A. § 2511(b). In terminating the rights

of a parent the trial court must also give consideration to “the developmental,

physical and emotional needs and welfare of the child” and determine if

termination is warranted under Section 2511(b). Id. Upon appellate review,

this Court need only agree with the trial court as to one of the subsections for

termination under Section 2511(a), along with Section 2511(b). In Re B.J.Z., 207 A.3d at 922.

Here, the trial court found that CYS proved by clear and convincing

evidence that termination of Father’s rights were warranted under subsections

2511(a)(1) and (a)(2). Conclusions of Law at 7.

This [c]ourt finds that for a period of at least (6) months

immediately preceding the filing of the Petition that the

father, . . . , has either evidenced a settled purpose of

relinquishing his parental claim to this child or has

refused or failed to perform parental duties as required
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in 23 Pa.C.S.A. § 2511(a)(1) and has evidenced a

repeated and continued incapacity that has left the child

without essential parental care, control or subsistence

necessary for her physical and mental well-being as

required by 23 Pa.C.S.A. § [2511](a)(2).

Id. at 7. We agree that CYS met its burden under subsection 2511(a)(1). That

subsection required CYS to show by clear and convincing evidence that during

the six months before the filing of the termination petition, Father either

demonstrated a settled purpose of relinquishing parental rights to Child or

failed to perform parental duties. See In re Z.S.W., 946 A.2d 726, 730

(Pa.Super. 2008) (quoting In re Adoption of Charles E.D.M., 708 A.2d at

91). Here, the evidence supports that Father failed to perform his parental

duties, in that within the six month look-back period, from March 7, 2018 until

September 7, 2018, Father failed to provide for the needs of Child. We

acknowledge that Father has made efforts to develop a relationship with Child

and has tried to contact Child. These efforts included texting Child; contacting

CYS or the foster parents several times; making sure CYS knew that he was

not dead as Child believed; writing a letter to Child; and moving back to

Pennsylvania, where Child resides. However, these efforts by Father do not

amount to actually performing his parental duties to provide for the physical

and emotional needs of Child. See In re C.M.S., 832 A.2d at 462. Father

maintained at the hearing that he searched for Child for four or five years after

Child was allegedly abducted by Mother, but did not testify regarding any other
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efforts he made between that time and the time of the termination petition.

As the trial court concluded, “[Father] has had no contact with [Child], since

she was the age of 5 . . . . Even after [Father] communicated with [Child] in

December of 2017, [Father] did not take steps to immediately assume any

parental role.” Trial Ct. Op. at 6.

The evidence was also sufficient to establish, under subsection 2511(b),

that “the developmental, physical and emotional needs and welfare of the

child” would be best met by the termination of Father’s rights. There is no

meaningful parent-child bond between Father and Child. Child, who at the

time of the termination hearing was nearly 15 years old, had not seen Father

since the age of five. Additionally, Child did not know that Father was her

biological Father until she was 11 years old. Child also believed that Father

was deceased and when she finally learned that Father in fact was alive, she

did not want to have a relationship with him. Child also expressed that it was

her desire to have Father’s rights terminated so that she could be adopted.

The trial court did not abuse its discretion in concluding that CYS presented

clear and convincing evidence to satisfy Section 2511.

Next, Father argues that the trial court “abused its discretion in

determining that [Father’s] parental rights should be terminated when failing

to adequately consider the Father’s efforts to create contact and a relationship

with the minor child and the barriers set up by [CYS] to prevent Father’s

attempts to create contact and a relationship with [Child]?” Father’s Br. at 6.

This argument is similar to the one Father makes in support of his first issue,
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in that he argues that his testimony showed that he made efforts to create a

relationship with Child.

The certified record belies Father’s claim that the trial court failed to

adequately consider his efforts or CYS’s alleged failure to help Father develop

a relationship with Child. In its findings of facts the trial court listed every

effort made by Father since the time of Child being placed in CYS’s custody.

These efforts included his first contact with Child’s foster mom in December

2017; texting Child in March 2018; contacting CYS a total of three times

between April and May 2018; and his attendance at the Permanency Review

Hearing. Findings of Facts and Conclusions of Law at 2-4. The trial court also

noted emails between CYS caseworkers showing a desire to have Child

adopted and for Father to be out of Child’s life. Id. at 2-3.

However, having recognized Father’s efforts and CYS’s position, the trial

court nevertheless concluded that Father’s actions during the six months

preceding the filing of the petition did not undermine its conclusion that Father

“failed to perform parental duties” for Child. In re Adoption of Charles

E.D.M., II, 708 A.2d at 91. This was not error. As explained above, despite

his efforts, Father has not provided for the needs of Child emotionally or

physically. We thus affirm the order of the trial court terminating Father’s

parental rights.

Order affirmed.
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Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.

Prothonotary

Date: 8/19/2020