Exclusive License Agmt between U of M Med School and Co. covering ALS gene



 EXHIBIT 10.8 
  
 EXCLUSIVE LICENSE AGREEMENT 
  
 This Agreement, effective as of April 15, 2003 (the “Effective Date”), is between the University of Massachusetts Medical School (“Medical
School”), a public institution of higher education of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts having an address of 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01605, and CytRx Corporation (“Company”), a Delaware corporation having an address
of11726 San Vicente Boulevard, Suite 650, Los Angeles, California 90049. 
  
 R E C I T A L S 
  
 WHEREAS, Medical School is owner by
assignment of the invention claimed in the United States Patent Application listed in Exhibit A pertaining to the Medical School’s invention disclosure number UMMC 03-60 titled “Selective Silencing of a Dominant ALS Gene by RNAi”;

  
 WHEREAS Company desires to obtain an exclusive license in the
field of inhibition of mutant superoxide dismutase (SOD1) gene expression for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS); and 
  
 WHEREAS, Medical School is willing to grant Company an exclusive license on the terms set forth in this Agreement. 
  
 NOW, THEREFORE, Medical School and Company hereby agree as follows::

  
 1. Definitions. 
  
 1.1. “Affiliate” means any legal entity (such as a corporation, partnership, or limited liability company) that is
controlled by Company. For the purposes of this definition, the term “control” means (a) beneficial ownership of at least fifty percent (50%) of the voting securities of a corporation or other business organization with voting securities
or (b) a fifty percent (50%) or greater interest in the net assets or profits of a partnership or other business organization without voting securities. 
  
 1.2. “Biological Materials” means certain tangible biological materials that are necessary for the effective exercise of the Patent Rights,
which materials are described on Exhibit A, as well as tangible materials that are routinely produced through use of the original materials, including, for example, any progeny derived from a cell line, monoclonal antibodies produced by hybridoma
cells, DNA or RNA replicated from isolated DNA or RNA, recombinant proteins produced through use of isolated DNA or RNA, and substances routinely purified from a source material included in the original materials (such as recombinant proteins
isolated from a cell extract or supernatant by non-proprietary affinity purification methods). These Biological Materials shall be listed on Exhibit A, which will be periodically amended to include any additional Biological Materials that Medical
School may furnish to Company. 







 1.3. “Combination Product” means a product that contains a Licensed Product component and at
least one other essential functional component. 
  
 1.4.
“Confidential Information” means any confidential or proprietary information furnished by one party (the “Disclosing Party”) to the other party (the “Receiving Party”) in connection with this Agreement, provided that
such information is specifically designated as confidential. Such Confidential Information shall include, without limitation, any diligence reports furnished to Medical School under Section 3.1. and royalty reports furnished to Medical School under
Section 5.2. 
  
 1.5. “Field” means inhibition of mutant
superoxide dismutase (SOD1) gene expression for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) including therapeutics, prophylactics and diagnostics. 
  
 1.6. “Licensed Product” means any product that cannot be developed, manufactured, used, or sold without (a) infringing one or more claims under
the Patent Rights, (b) using or incorporating some portion of one or more Biological Materials, or (c) using some portion of the Related Technology. 
  
 1.7. “Net Sales” means the gross amount billed or invoiced on sales by Company and its Affiliates and Sublicensees of Licensed Products, less
the following: (a) customary trade, quantity, or cash discounts and commissions to non-affiliated brokers or agents to the extent actually allowed and taken; (b) amounts repaid or credited by reason of rejection or return; (c) to the extent
separately stated on purchase orders, invoices, or other documents of sale, any taxes or other governmental charges levied on the production, sale, transportation, delivery, or use of a Licensed Product which is paid by or on behalf of Company; (d)
outbound transportation costs prepaid or allowed and costs of insurance in transit; and (e) allowance for bad debt that is customary and reasonable for the industry and in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Notwithstanding
anything to the contrary in this Section 1.7, Net Sales does not include sales of Licensed Products at or below the fully burdened cost of manufacturing solely for research or clinical testing or for indigent or similar public support or
compassionate use programs. 
  
 In any transfers of Licensed
Products between Company and an Affiliate or Sublicensee, Net Sales shall be calculated based on the final sale of the Licensed Product to an independent third party. In the event that Company or an Affiliate or Sublicensee receives non-monetary
consideration for any Licensed Products, Net Sales shall be calculated based on the fair market value of such consideration. . 
  
 In the case of Combination Products, Net Sales means the gross amount billed or invoiced on sales of the Combination Product less the deductions set forth
above, multiplied by a proration factor that is determined as follows: 
  
 (i) If all components of the Combination Product were sold separately during the same or immediately preceding Royalty Period, the proration factor shall be determined 
  
  

 2 








 
by the formula [A / (A+B)], where A is the aggregate gross sales price of all Licensed Product components during such period when sold separately from the
other essential functional components, and B is the aggregate gross sales price of the other essential functional components during such period when sold separately from the Licensed Product Components; or 
  
 (ii) If all components of the Combination Product were not
sold separately during the same or immediately preceding Royalty Period, the proration factor shall be determined by the formula [C / (C+D)], where C is the aggregate fully absorbed cost of the Licensed Product components during the prior Royalty
Period and D is the aggregate fully absorbed cost of the other essential functional components during the prior Royalty Period, with such costs being determined in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. 
  
 1.8. “Patent Rights” means the U.S. patent applications listed on
Exhibit A, and any divisional, continuation, or continuation-in-part of such patent applications to the extent the claims are directed to subject matter specifically described therein, as well as any patent issued thereon and any reissue or
reexamination of such patent, and any foreign counterparts to such patents and patent applications. Exhibit A shall be periodically amended to include any additional Patent Rights that may arise. “Medical School Patent Rights” means Patent
Rights assigned solely to Medical School (and other academic institutions, if any). “Joint Patent Rights” means Patent Rights assigned to both Medical School and Company. 
  
 1.9. “Related Technology” means any know-how, technical information, research and development information, test
results, and data necessary for the effective exercise of the Patent Rights. 
  
 1.10. “Royalty Period” means the partial calendar quarter commencing on the date on which the first Licensed Product is sold or used and every complete or partial calendar quarter thereafter during which
either (a) this Agreement remains in effect or (b) Company has the right to complete and sell work-in-progress and inventory of Licensed Products pursuant to Section 8.5. 
  
 1.11. “Sublicense Income” means any payments that Company receives from a Sublicensee in consideration of the
sublicense of the rights granted Company under Section 2.1., including without limitation license fees, royalties, milestone payments, and license maintenance fees, but excluding the following payments: (a) payments made in consideration for the
issuance of equity or debt securities of Company at fair market value, and (b) payments specifically committed to the development of Licensed Products. 
  
 1.12. “Sublicensee” means any permitted sublicensee of the rights granted Company under this Agreement, as further described in Section 2.2.

  

 3 








 2. Grant of Rights. 
  
 2.1. License Grants. 
  
 (a) Patent Rights and Biological Materials. Subject to the terms of this Agreement, Medical School hereby grants to Company and its Affiliates an
exclusive, worldwide, royalty-bearing license (with the right to sublicense) under its commercial rights in the Patent Rights and Biological Materials to develop, make, have made, use, and sell Licensed Products in the Field. 
  
 (b) Related Technology. Subject to the terms of this Agreement, Medical
School hereby grants to Company and its Affiliates a non-exclusive, royalty-bearing license (with the right to sublicense) under its commercial rights in the Related Technology to develop, make, have made, use, and sell Licensed Products in the
Field. 
  
 (c) Subject to applicable law or the rights of research
sponsors, the Medical School shall use its best efforts to make any improvements to the Patent Rights available to Company. 
  
 2.2. Sublicenses. Company shall have the right to grant sublicenses of its rights under Section 2.1. with the consent of Medical School, which consent
shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed. All sublicense agreements executed by Company pursuant to this Article 2 shall expressly bind the Sublicensee to the terms of this. Company shall promptly furnish Medical School with a fully executed
copy of any such sublicense agreement. 
  
 2.3. Retained Rights.

  
 (a) Medical School. Medical School retains the right to make
and use Licensed Products for academic research, teaching, and non-commercial patient care, without payment of compensation to Company. Medical School may license its retained rights under this Section to research collaborators of Medical School
faculty members, post-doctoral fellows, and students. 
  
 (b)
Federal Government. To the extent that any invention claimed in the Patent Rights has been partially funded by the federal government, this Agreement and the grant of any rights in such Patent Rights are subject to and governed by federal law as set
forth in 35 U.S.C. §§ 201-211, and the regulations promulgated thereunder, as amended, or any successor statutes or regulations. Company acknowledges that these statutes and regulations reserve to the federal government a royalty-free,
non-exclusive, non-transferable license to practice any government-funded invention claimed in any Patent Rights. If any term of this Agreement fails to conform with such laws and regulations, the relevant term shall be deemed an invalid provision
and modified in accordance with Section 10.11. Upon execution of this Agreement, the Medical School shall disclose in writing to Company any funding that would be subject to this Section 2.3(b). 
  

 4 








 (c) Other Organizations. To the extent that any invention claimed in the Patent Rights has been partially
funded by a non-profit organization or state or local agency, this Agreement and the grant of any rights in such Patent Rights are subject to and governed by the terms and conditions of the applicable research grant. If any term of this Agreement
fails to conform with such terms and conditions, the relevant term shall be deemed an invalid provision and modified by the parties pursuant to Section 10.11. Upon execution of this Agreement, the Medical School shall disclose in writing to Company
any funding that would be subject to this Section 2.3(c). 
  
 3. Company
Obligations Relating to Commercialization. 
  
 3.1. Diligence
Requirements. Company shall use diligent efforts, or shall cause its Affiliates and Sublicensees to use diligent efforts, to develop Licensed Products and to introduce Licensed Products into the commercial market; thereafter, Company or its
Affiliates or Sublicensees shall make Licensed Products reasonably available to the public. Specifically, Company or Affiliate or Sublicensee shall fulfill the following obligations: 
  
 (a) Within ninety (90) days after the Effective Date, Company shall furnish Medical School with a written
research and development plan under which Company intends to develop Licensed Products. 
  
 (b) Within sixty (60) days after each anniversary of the Effective Date, Company shall furnish Medical School with a written report on the
progress of its efforts during the prior year to develop and commercialize Licensed Products, including without limitation research and development efforts, efforts to obtain regulatory approval, marketing efforts, and sales figures. The report
shall also contain a discussion of intended efforts and sales projections for the current year. 
  
 (c) Company shall endeavor to obtain all necessary governmental approvals for the manufacture, use and sale of Combination Product and
Licensed Product. Specifically, Company shall: 
  
 (i) Within eight (8) years after the Effective Date, file an Investigational New Drug Application (“IND”) or its equivalent covering at least one Combination Product or Licensed Product with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration
(“FDA”); 
  
 (ii) Within thirteen (13)
years after the Effective Date, file a New Drug Application (“NDA”) with the FDA covering at least one Combination Product or Licensed Product; 
  
 (iii) Within eighteen (18) months after receiving FDA approval of the NDA for a Combination Product or Licensed Product, market at least
one Combination Product or Licensed Product in the U.S. ; and 
  

 5 








 (iv) reasonably fill the market demand for any Combination Product or Licensed Product
following commencement of marketing of such product at any time during the exclusive period of this Agreement. 
  
 (d) Within eighteen (18) months after the Effective Date, Company shall successfully undertake a public or private offering of raising ten million dollars
($10,000,000). 
  
 Company shall have the responsibility to finance its
obligations in this Section 3.1, and the Medical School shall provide reasonable cooperation to Company in this regard. In the event that Medical School determines that Company (or an Affiliate or Sublicensee) has not fulfilled its obligations under
this Section 3.1., Medical School shall furnish Company with written notice of such determination. Within sixty (60) days after receipt of such notice, Company shall either (i) fulfill the relevant obligation or (ii) negotiate with Medical School a
mutually acceptable schedule of revised diligence obligations, failing which Medical School shall have the right, immediately upon written notice to Company, to terminate this Agreement or to grant additional licenses to third parties to the Patent
Rights and Biological Materials in the Field. The Medical School may not unreasonably withhold acceptance of Company’s revised diligence obligations. 
  
 3.2. Indemnification. 
  
 (a) Indemnity. Company shall indemnify, defend, and hold harmless Medical School and its trustees, officers, faculty, students, employees, and agents and
their respective successors, heirs and assigns (the “Indemnitees”), against any liability, damage, loss, or expense (including reasonable attorneys fees and expenses of litigation) incurred by or imposed upon any of the Indemnitees in
connection with any claims, suits, actions, demands or judgments arising out of any theory of liability (including without limitation actions in the form of tort, warranty, or strict liability and regardless of whether such action has any factual
basis) concerning any product, process, or service that is made, used, or sold pursuant to any right or license granted under this Agreement; provided, however, that such indemnification shall not apply to any liability, damage, loss, or expense to
the extent directly attributable to (i) the negligent activities or intentional misconduct of the Indemnitees or (ii) the settlement of a claim, suit, action, or demand by Indemnitees without the prior written approval of Company. 
  
 (b) Procedures. The Indemnitees agree to provide Company with prompt written
notice of any claim, suit, action, demand, or judgment for which indemnification is sought under this Agreement. Company agrees, at its own expense, to provide attorneys reasonably acceptable to Medical School to defend against any such claim. The
Indemnitees shall cooperate fully with Company in such defense and will permit Company to conduct and control such defense and the disposition of such claim, suit, or action (including all decisions relative to litigation, appeal, and settlement);
provided, however, that any Indemnitee shall have the right to retain its own counsel, at the expense of Company, if representation of such Indemnitee by the counsel retained by Company would be inappropriate because of actual or potential
differences in the interests of such Indemnitee and any other party represented by such counsel. Company agrees to keep Medical School informed of the progress in the defense and disposition of such claim and to consult with Medical School with
regard to any proposed settlement. 
  

 6 








 (c) Insurance. Company shall maintain insurance or self-insurance that is reasonably adequate to fulfill
any potential obligation to the Indemnitees, but in any event not less than one million dollars ($1,000,000) for injuries to any one person arising out of a single occurrence and five million dollars ($5,000,000) for injuries to all persons arising
out of a single occurrence. Company shall provide Medical School, upon request, with written evidence of such insurance or self-insurance. Company shall continue to maintain such insurance or self-insurance after the expiration or termination of
this Agreement during any period in which Company or any Affiliate or Sublicensee continues to make, use, or sell a product that was a Licensed Product under this Agreement and thereafter for a period of two (2) years. 
  
 3.3. Use of Medical School Name. In accordance with Section 7.3., Company and
its Affiliates and Sublicensees shall not use the name “University of Massachusetts Medical School” or any variation of that name in connection with the marketing or sale of any Licensed Products. 
  
 3.4. Marking of Licensed Products. To the extent commercially feasible and
consistent with prevailing business practices, Company shall mark, and shall cause its Affiliates and Sublicensees to mark, all Licensed Products that are manufactured or sold under this Agreement with the number of each issued patent under the
Patent Rights that applies to such Licensed Product. 
  
 3.5.
Compliance with Law. Company shall comply with, and shall ensure that its Affiliates and Sublicensees (to the extent commercially feasible) comply with, all local, state, federal, and international laws and regulations relating to the development,
manufacture, use, and sale of Licensed Products. Company expressly agrees to comply with the following: 
  
 (a) Company or its Affiliates or Sublicensees shall obtain all necessary approvals from the United States Food & Drug Administration
and any similar governmental authorities of any foreign jurisdiction in which Company or an Affiliate or Sublicensee intends to make, use, or sell Licensed Products. 
  
 (b) Company and its Affiliates and Sublicensees shall comply with all United States laws and regulations
controlling the export of certain commodities and technical data, including without limitation all Export Administration Regulations of the United States Department of Commerce. Among other things, these laws and regulations prohibit, or require a
license for, the export of certain types of commodities and technical data to specified countries. Company hereby gives written assurance that it will comply with, and will cause its Affiliates and Sublicensees to comply with, all United States
export control laws and regulations, that it bears sole responsibility for any violation of such laws and regulations by itself or its Affiliates or Sublicensees, and that it will indemnify, defend, and hold Medical School harmless (in accordance
with Section 3.2.) for the consequences of any such violation. 
  
 (c) To the extent that any invention claimed in the Patent Rights has been partially funded by the United States government, and only to the extent required by applicable laws and regulations, Company agrees that any
Licensed Products used or sold in the United States will be manufactured substantially in the United States or its territories. 
  

 7 








 
Current law provides that if domestic manufacture is not commercially feasible under the circumstances, Medical School may seek a waiver of this requirement
from the relevant federal agency on behalf of Company. 
  
 4. Consideration for
Grant of Rights. 
  
 4.1. License Fee. In partial consideration
of the rights granted Company under this Agreement, Company shall pay to Medical School on the Effective Date (a) a license fee of {***}, and (b) a payment in the amount of {***} to reimburse Medical School for its actual expenses incurred as of
January 31, 2003 in connection with obtaining the Patent Rights. These license fee payments are nonrefundable and are not creditable against any other payments due to Medical School under this Agreement. 
  
 4.2. Equity. In partial consideration of the license granted to Company under
this Agreement, on or about April 18, 2003, Company shall issue to Medical School a total number of shares of Common Stock of Company, ($.01 par value per share) equal to {***} of the outstanding shares of Company. Company shall register the shares
that are issued to the Medical School within ninety (90) days after their issuance and those shares will then be unrestricted. 
  
 4.3. License Maintenance Fee. Beginning on the first anniversary of the Effective Date, and on each anniversary of the Effective Date thereafter during
the term of the Agreement, Company shall pay to Medical School {***}. This annual license maintenance fee is nonrefundable and is not creditable against any other payments due to Medical School under this Agreement. 
  
 4.4. Milestone Payments. Company shall pay Medical School the following
milestone payments within thirty (30) days after the occurrence of each event: 
  

	 Milestone

	  	 Payment


	 Filing of IND or equivalent for each product
	  	${***}
		
	Entry into Phase I Clinical trial or equivalent for each Licensed Product	  	${***} for first product and ${***} for each subsequent product
		
	Entry into Phase II clinical trial or equivalent for each Licensed Product	  	${***} for first product and ${***} for each subsequent product
		
	Entry into Phase III clinical trial or equivalent for each Licensed Product	  	${***} for first product and ${***} for each subsequent product
		
	Filing for market approval (NDA or equivalent) in any country besides the United States	  	${***} for first product and ${***} for each subsequent product
		
	 Commencement of product marketing in the United States
	  	${***}
		
	 First market approval for first three European countries in total
	  	${***}

  

 8 








 These milestone payments are nonrefundable and are not creditable against any other payments due to University under this
Agreement. 
  
 Company shall pay Medical School a one-time bonus in the amount of
{***} in the event that cumulative gross sales of Licensed Products by Company and its Affiliates or Sublicense Income exceed {***} in one calendar year in the United States. Company shall pay Medical School a one-time bonus in the amount of {***}
in the event that cumulative gross sales of Licensed Products by Company and its Affiliates or Sublicense Income exceed {***} in one calendar year in Japan and Europe. 
  
 4.5. Royalties. 
  
 (a) Base Royalty. In partial consideration of the rights granted Company under this Agreement, Company shall pay to Medical School a royalty of {***} of
Net Sales of Licensed Products by Company and its Affiliates (but not Sublicensees). 
  
 (i) If a particular Licensed Product is within the definition of “Licensed Product” solely because it uses or incorporates Related Technology, the royalty rate applicable to such Licensed Product shall be
reduced by {***}. 
  
 (ii) If there is a competing product in the
marketplace, no royalties are due for a Licensed Product that is within the definition of “Licensed Product” because it uses or incorporates only Related Technology or Biological Materials. 
  
 (iii) If during the Royalty Period, patents under the Patent Rights have
expired or have been abandoned in a particular country, (I) no royalty is payable by Company, if there is a competing product in that country, and (II) if Company reduces its prices for Licensed Products in that country, even if there is no
competing product in that country, Company and Medical School shall negotiate in good faith a reduction in the royalty rate to reflect the reduction in Company’s gross margins caused by the price reduction. 
  
 (iv) Company shall pay Medical School {***} of Net Sales of commercial
clinical laboratory services by Company and its Affiliates 
  
 (b)
Royalty Reduction. If Medical School grants additional licenses to third parties pursuant to Section 3.1., the royalty rates set forth in Subsection 4.5.(a) shall be adjusted, if necessary, so as not to exceed the royalty rates charged any other
licensee of the Patent Rights during the term of the non-exclusive license. 
  
 4.6. Minimum Royalty. At the beginning of each calendar year during the term of this Agreement, beginning January 1, 2016, Company shall pay to Medical School a minimum royalty of {***}. If the actual royalty payments
to Medical School in any calendar year are less than the minimum royalty payment required for that year, Company shall have the right to pay Medical School the difference between the actual royalty payment and the minimum royalty payment in full
satisfaction of its obligations under this Section, provided such minimum 
  

 9 








 
payment is made to Medical School within sixty (60) days after the conclusion of the calendar year. Waiver of any minimum royalty payment by Medical School
shall not be construed as a waiver of any subsequent minimum royalty payment. If Company fails to make any minimum royalty payment within the sixty-day period, such failure shall constitute a material breach of its obligations under this Agreement,
and Medical School shall have the right to terminate this Agreement in accordance with Section 8.3. 
  
 4.7. Sublicense Income. Company shall pay Medical School {***} of all Sublicense Income. Such amounts shall be due and payable within sixty (60) days
after Company receives the relevant payment from the Sublicensee. 
  
 4.8. Third-Party Royalties. In the event that Company is legally required to make royalty payments to Medical School under any agreement other than this Agreement or to one or more third parties in order to make, use, or sell Licensed
Products or have its Sublicensees make, use or sell Licensed Products or have its Sublicensee make, use or sell Licensed Products, Company may offset a total of fifty percent (50%) of such other Medical School and third-party payments against any
royalty payments that are due to Medical School in the same Royalty Period under this Agreement, provided that in no event shall the royalty payments under Sections 4.5. and 4.7., when aggregated with any other offsets and credits allowed under this
Agreement, be reduced by more than fifty percent (50%) in any Royalty Period. 
  
 5. Royalty Reports; Payments; Records. 
  
 5.1. First
Sale. Company shall report to Medical School the date of first commercial sale of each Licensed Product within thirty (30) days of occurrence in each country. 
  

5.2. Reports and Payments. Within sixty (60) days after the conclusion of each Royalty Period, Company shall deliver to Medical School a report
containing the following information: 
  
 (a) the
number of Licensed Products sold to independent third parties in each country; 
  
 (b) the gross sales price for each Licensed Product sold by Company and its Affiliates during the applicable Royalty Period in each
country; 
  
 (c) calculation of Net Sales for the
applicable Royalty Period in each country, including a listing of applicable deductions; 
  
 (d) total royalty payable on Net Sales in U.S. dollars, together with the exchange rates used for conversion; and 
  
 (e) the portion of royalty-based Sublicense Income due to
Medical School for the applicable Royalty Period from each Sublicensee. 
  

 10 








 All such reports shall be considered Company Confidential Information. If no royalties are due to Medical School for any
Royalty Period, the report shall so state. Concurrent with this report, Company shall remit to Medical School any payment due for the applicable Royalty Period. 
  

5.3. Payments in U.S. Dollars. All payments due under this Agreement shall be payable in United States dollars. Conversion of foreign currency to U.S.
dollars shall be made at the conversion rate existing in the United States (as reported in the Wall Street Journal) on the last working day of the calendar quarter preceding the applicable Royalty Period. Such payments shall be without deduction of
exchange, collection, or other charges. 
  
 5.4. Payments in Other
Currencies. If by law, regulation, or fiscal policy of a particular country, conversion into United States dollars or transfer of funds of a convertible currency to the United States is restricted or forbidden, Company shall give Medical School
prompt written notice of such restriction, which notice shall satisfy the sixty-day payment deadline described in Section 5.2. Company shall pay any amounts due Medical School through whatever lawful methods Medical School reasonably designates;
provided, however, that if Medical School fails to designate such payment method within thirty (30) days after Medical School is notified of the restriction, Company may deposit such payment in local currency to the credit of Medical School in a
recognized banking institution selected by Company and identified by written notice to Medical School, and such deposit shall fulfill all obligations of Company to Medical School with respect to such payment. 
  
 5.5. Records. Company shall maintain, and shall cause its Affiliates and
Sublicensees to maintain, complete and accurate records of Licensed Products that are made, used, sold, or performed under this Agreement and any amounts payable to Medical School in relation to such Licensed Products, which records shall contain
sufficient information to permit Medical School to confirm the accuracy of any reports delivered to Medical School under Section 5.2. The relevant party shall retain such records relating to a given Royalty Period for at least three (3) years after
the conclusion of that Royalty Period, during which time Medical School shall have the right, at its expense, to cause its internal accountants or an independent, certified public accountant to inspect such records during normal business hours for
the sole purpose of verifying any reports and payments delivered under this Agreement. Such accountant shall not disclose to Medical School any information other than information relating to accuracy of reports and payments delivered under this
Agreement. The parties shall reconcile any underpayment or overpayment within thirty (30) days after the accountant delivers the results of the audit. In the event that any audit performed under this Section reveals an underpayment in excess of the
greater of (a) five thousand dollars ($5,000) or (b) ten percent (10%) in any Royalty Period, Company shall bear the full cost of such audit. Medical School may exercise its rights under this Section only once every year and only with reasonable
prior notice to Company. 
  
 5.6. Late Payments. Any payments by
Company that are not paid on or before the date such payments are due under this Agreement shall bear interest, to the extent permitted by law, at two percentage points above the Prime Rate of interest as reported in the Wall Street Journal on the
date payment is due, with interest calculated based on the number of days that payment is delinquent. 
  

 11 








 5.7. Method of Payment. All payments under this Agreement should be made in the name of the
“University of Massachusetts Medical School” and sent to the address identified below. Each payment should reference this Agreement and identify the obligation under this Agreement that the payment satisfies. 
  
 5.8. Withholding and Similar Taxes. Royalty payments and other payments due
to Medical School under this Agreement shall be reduced by reason of any withholding or similar taxes applicable to such payments to Medical School, which shall be paid by Company as required by applicable law and reported by Company to the Medical
School. 
  
 6. Patents and Infringement. 
  
 6.1. Responsibility for Medical School Patent Rights. Medical School shall
have primary responsibility, at the expense of Company, for the preparation, filing, prosecution, and maintenance of all Medical School Patent Rights, using patent counsel reasonably acceptable to Company. Medical School shall consult with Company
as to the preparation, filing, prosecution, and maintenance of all such Patent Rights reasonably prior to any deadline or action with the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office or any foreign patent office and shall furnish Company with copies of all
relevant documents reasonably in advance of such consultation. 
  
 6.2. Responsibility for Joint Patent Rights. Company shall have primary responsibility, at its expense, for the preparation, filing, prosecution, and maintenance of all Joint Patent Rights, using patent counsel reasonably acceptable to
Medical School. Company shall consult with Medical School as to the preparation, filing, prosecution, and maintenance of all such Patent Rights reasonably prior to any deadline or action with the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office or any foreign
patent office and shall furnish Medical School with copies of all relevant documents reasonably in advance of such consultation. 
  
 6.3. Cooperation. Medical School and Company shall cooperate fully in the preparation, filing, prosecution, and maintenance of all Patent Rights. Such
cooperation includes, without limitation, (a) promptly executing all papers and instruments or requiring employees of Medical School or Company to execute such papers and instruments as reasonable and appropriate so as to enable Medical School or
Company to file, prosecute, and maintain such Patent Rights in any country; and (b) promptly informing the other party of matters that may affect the preparation, filing, prosecution, or maintenance of any such Patent Rights (such as becoming aware
of an additional inventor who is not listed as an inventor in a patent application). 
  
 6.4. Payment of Expenses. Within thirty (30) days after Medical School invoices Company, Company shall reimburse Medical School for all reasonable patent-related expenses incurred by Medical School pursuant to Section
6.1. Company may elect, upon sixty (60) days written notice to Medical School, to cease payment of the expenses associated with obtaining or maintaining patent protection for one or more Patent Rights in one or more countries. In such event, Company
shall lose all rights under this Agreement with respect to such Patent Rights in such countries for which it has elected not to pay. 
  

 12 








 6.5. Abandonment. In the event that a party desires to abandon any patent or patent application within
the Patent Rights for which it has primary responsibility, such party shall provide the other party with reasonable prior written notice of such intended abandonment or decline of responsibility, and the other party shall have the right, at its
expense, to prepare, file, prosecute, and maintain the relevant Patent Rights. 
  
 6.6. Grant back: The Company agrees that for any patent rights, as defined in the sponsored research agreement that implements Company’s obligation in Section 3.1(e) that it has not licensed, the Company grants
back to the Medical School, without limiting in any way its rights under this Agreement, a license to the Patent Rights in order that the Medical School may license the patent rights from the sponsored research to third parties. Medical School shall
pay Company {***} of any revenues or other consideration received by Medical School with respect to any patent rights granted back by Company pursuant to this Section 6.6. 
  
 6.7. Infringement. 
  
 (a) Notification of Infringement. Each party agrees to provide written notice to the other party promptly after becoming aware of any infringement of the
Patent Rights. 
  
 (b) Company Right to Prosecute. So long as
Company remains the only licensee of the Patent Rights and Biological Materials in the Field, Company shall have the right, under its own control and at its own expense, to prosecute any third party infringement of the Patent Rights in the Field or,
together with licensees of the Patent Rights in other fields (if any), to defend the Patent Rights in any declaratory judgment action brought by a third party which alleges invalidity, unenforceability, or non-infringement of the Patent Rights.
Prior to commencing any such action, Company shall consult with Medical School and shall consider the views of Medical School regarding the advisability of the proposed action and its effect on the public interest. Company shall not enter into any
settlement, consent judgment, or other voluntary final disposition of any infringement action under this Subsection without the prior written consent of Medical School, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed. Any recovery
obtained in an action under this Subsection shall be distributed as follows: (i) each party shall be reimbursed for any expenses incurred in the action (including the amount of any royalty payments withheld from Medical School as described below),
(ii) as to ordinary damages, Company shall receive an amount equal to its lost profits or a reasonable royalty on the infringing sales (whichever measure of damages the court shall have applied), less a reasonable approximation of the royalties that
Company would have paid to Medical School if Company had sold the infringing products and services rather than the infringer, and (iii) as to special or punitive damages, the parties shall share equally in any award. Company may offset a total of
fifty percent (50%) of any expenses incurred under this Subsection against any royalty payments due to Medical School under this Agreement, provided that in no event shall the royalty payments under Section 4.5. and 4.7., when aggregated with any
other offsets and credits allowed under this Agreement, be reduced by more than fifty percent (50%) in any Royalty Period. 
  
 (c) Medical School as Indispensable Party. Medical School shall permit any action under this Section to be brought in its name if required by law,
provided that Company 
  

 13 








 
shall hold Medical School harmless from, and if necessary indemnify Medical School against, any costs, expenses, or liability that Medical School may incur
in connection with such action. 
  
 (d) Medical School Right to
Prosecute. In the event that Company fails to initiate an infringement action within a reasonable time after it first becomes aware of the basis for such action, or to answer a declaratory judgment action within a reasonable time after such action
is filed, Medical School shall have the right to prosecute such infringement or answer such declaratory judgment action, under its sole control and at its sole expense, and any recovery obtained shall be given to Medical School. 
  
 (e) Cooperation. Each party agrees to cooperate fully in any action under
this Section 6.7. which is controlled by the other party, provided that the controlling party reimburses the cooperating party promptly for any costs and expenses incurred by the cooperating party in connection with providing such assistance.

  
 7. Confidential Information; Publications; Publicity. 
  
 7.1. Confidential Information. 
  
 (a) Designation. Confidential Information that is disclosed in writing shall
be marked with a legend indicating its confidential status (such as “Confidential” or “Proprietary”). Confidential Information that is disclosed orally or visually shall be documented in a written notice prepared by the
Disclosing Party and delivered to the Receiving Party within thirty (30) days of the date of disclosure; such notice shall summarize the Confidential Information disclosed to the Receiving Party and reference the time and place of disclosure.

  
 (b) Obligations. For a period of five (5) years after
disclosure of any portion of Confidential Information, the Receiving Party shall (i) maintain such Confidential Information in strict confidence, except that the Receiving Party may disclose or permit the disclosure of any Confidential Information
to its directors, officers, employees, consultants, and advisors who are obligated to maintain the confidential nature of such Confidential Information and who need to know such Confidential Information for the purposes of this Agreement; (ii) use
such Confidential Information solely for the purposes of this Agreement; and (iii) allow its trustees or directors, officers, employees, consultants, and advisors to reproduce the Confidential Information only to the extent necessary for the
purposes of this Agreement, with all such reproductions being considered Confidential Information. 
  
 (c) Exceptions. The obligations of the Receiving Party under Subsection 7.1.(b) above shall not apply to the extent that the Receiving Party can
demonstrate that certain Confidential Information (i) was in the public domain prior to the time of its disclosure under this Agreement; (ii) entered the public domain after the time of its disclosure under this Agreement through means other than an
unauthorized disclosure resulting from an act or omission by the Receiving Party; (iii) was independently developed or discovered by the Receiving Party without use of the Confidential Information; (iv) is or was disclosed to the Receiving Party at
any time, whether prior to or after the time of its disclosure under this Agreement, by a third party having no fiduciary relationship with the Disclosing Party and 
  

 14 








 
having no obligation of confidentiality with respect to such Confidential Information; or (v) is required to be disclosed to comply with applicable laws or
regulations, or with a court or administrative order, provided that the Disclosing Party receives reasonable prior written notice of such disclosure. 
  
 (d) Ownership and Return. The Receiving Party acknowledges that the Disclosing Party (or any third party entrusting its own information to the Disclosing
Party) claims ownership of its Confidential Information in the possession of the Receiving Party. Upon the expiration or termination of this Agreement, and at the request of the Disclosing Party, the Receiving Party shall return to the Disclosing
Party all originals, copies, and summaries of documents, materials, and other tangible manifestations of Confidential Information in the possession or control of the Receiving Party, except that the Receiving Party may retain one copy of the
Confidential Information in the possession of its legal counsel solely for the purpose of monitoring its obligations under this Agreement. 
  
 7.2. Publications. Medical School and its employees will be free to publicly disclose (through journals, lectures, or otherwise) the results of any
research in the Field or relating to the subject matter of the Patent Rights, except as otherwise provided by written agreement between Medical School and Company (e.g., a sponsored research agreement). 
  
 7.3. Publicity Restrictions. Company shall not use the name of Medical School
or any of its trustees, officers, faculty, students, employees, or agents, or any adaptation of such names, or any terms of this Agreement in any promotional material or other public announcement or disclosure without the prior written consent of
Medical School. The foregoing notwithstanding, Company shall have the right to disclose such information without the consent of Medical School in any prospectus, offering memorandum, or other document or filing required by applicable securities laws
or other applicable law or regulation, provided that Company shall have given Medical School at least ten (10) days (or such prior shorter period in order to enable Company to make a timely announcement, while affording the Medical School the
maximum feasible time to review the announcement) prior written notice of the proposed text for the purpose of giving Medical School the opportunity to comment on such text. 
  
 8. Term and Termination. 
  
 8.1. Term. This Agreement shall commence on the Effective Date and shall remain in effect until (a) the expiration of all issued patents within the Patent
Rights or (b) for a period of ten (10) years after the Effective Date if no such patents have issued within that ten-year period, unless earlier terminated in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement. 
  
 8.2. Termination for Default. In the event that either party commits a
material breach of its obligations under this Agreement and fails to cure that breach within sixty (60) days after receiving written notice thereof, the other party may terminate this Agreement immediately upon written notice to the party in breach.
If the alleged breach involves nonpayment of any amounts due Medical School under this Agreement, Company shall have only one opportunity to cure a material breach for which it receives notice as described above; any subsequent material breach

  

 15 








 
by Company will entitle Medical School to terminate this Agreement immediately upon written notice to Company, without the sixty-day cure period. 

 
 8.3. Force Majeure. Neither party will be responsible for delays resulting
from causes beyond the reasonable control of such party, including without limitation fire, explosion, flood, war, strike, or riot, provided that the nonperforming party uses commercially reasonable efforts to avoid or remove such causes of
nonperformance and continues performance under this Agreement with reasonable dispatch whenever such causes are removed. 
  
 8.4. Effect of Termination. The following provisions shall survive the expiration or termination of this Agreement: Articles 1 and 9; Sections 3.2., 3.5.,
5.2. (obligation to provide final report and payment), 5.5., 6.4., 7.1., 7.3., 8.4., and 10.9. Upon the early termination of this Agreement, Company and its Affiliates and Sublicensees may complete and sell any work-in-progress and inventory of
Licensed Products that exist as of the effective date of termination, provided that (a) Company is current in payment of all amounts due Medical School under this Agreement, (b) Company pays Medical School the applicable royalty on such sales of
Licensed Products in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Agreement, and (c) Company and its Affiliates and Sublicensees shall complete and sell all work-in-progress and inventory of Licensed Products within six (6) months after the
effective date of termination. 
  
 9. Dispute Resolution. 
  
 9.1. Procedures Mandatory. The parties agree that any dispute arising out of
or relating to this Agreement shall be resolved solely by means of the procedures set forth in this Article, and that such procedures constitute legally binding obligations that are an essential provision of this Agreement; provided, however, that
all procedures and deadlines specified in this Article may be modified by written agreement of the parties. If either party fails to observe the procedures of this Article, as modified by their written agreement, the other party may bring an action
for specific performance in any court of competent jurisdiction. 
  
 9.2. Dispute Resolution Procedures. 
  
 (a) Negotiation.
In the event of any dispute arising out of or relating to this Agreement, the affected party shall notify the other party, and the parties shall attempt in good faith to resolve the matter within ten (10) days after the date of such notice (the
“Notice Date”). Any disputes not resolved by good faith discussions shall be referred to senior executives of each party, who shall meet at a mutually acceptable time and location within thirty (30) days after the Notice Date and attempt
to negotiate a settlement. 
  
 (b) Mediation. If the matter
remains unresolved within sixty (60) days after the Notice Date, or if the senior executives fail to meet within thirty (30) days after the Notice Date, either party may initiate mediation upon written notice to the other party, whereupon both
parties shall be obligated to engage in a mediation proceeding under the then current Center for Public Resources (“CPR”) Model Procedure for Mediation of Business Disputes, except that specific provisions of this Section shall override
inconsistent provisions of the CPR Model Procedure. The mediator will be selected from the CPR Panels of Neutrals. If the parties cannot agree upon 
  

 16 








 
the selection of a mediator within ninety (90) days after the Notice Date, then upon the request of either party, the CPR shall appoint the mediator. The
parties shall attempt to resolve the dispute through mediation until one of the following occurs: (i) the parties reach a written settlement; (ii) the mediator notifies the parties in writing that they have reached an impasse; (iii) the parties
agree in writing that they have reached an impasse; or (iv) the parties have not reached a settlement within one hundred and twenty (120) days after the Notice Date. 
  
 (c) Trial Without Jury. If the parties fail to resolve the dispute through mediation, or if neither party elects to initiate
mediation, each party shall have the right to pursue any other remedies legally available to resolve the dispute, provided, however, that the parties expressly waive any right to a jury trial in any legal proceeding under this Section. 

 
 9.3. Preservation of Rights Pending Resolution. 
  
 (a) Performance to Continue. Each party shall continue to perform its
obligations under this Agreement pending final resolution of any dispute arising out or relating to this Agreement; provided, however, that a party may suspend performance of its obligations during any period in which the other party fails or
refuses to perform its obligations. 
  
 (b) Provisional Remedies.
Although the procedures specified in this Article are the sole and exclusive procedures for the resolution of disputes arising out of relating to this Agreement, either party may seek a preliminary injunction or other provisional equitable relief
if, in its reasonable judgment, such action is necessary to avoid irreparable harm to itself or to preserve its rights under this Agreement. 
  
 (c) Statute of Limitations. The parties agree that all applicable statutes of limitation and time-based defenses (such as estoppel and laches) shall be
tolled while the procedures set forth in Subsections 9.2.(a) and 9.2(b) are pending. The parties shall take any actions necessary to effectuate this result. 
  
 10. Miscellaneous. 
  
 10.1. Representations and Warranties. Medical School represents and warrants that its employees have assigned to Medical School their entire right, title,
and interest in the Patent Rights, that it has authority to grant the rights and licenses set forth in this Agreement, and that, to its best knowledge, Medical School does not hold any other intellectual property rights that would be infringed by
the exploitation of the Patent Rights. MEDICAL SCHOOL MAKES NO OTHER WARRANTIES CONCERNING THE PATENT RIGHTS, RELATED TECHNOLOGY, AND BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS
FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Specifically, Medical School makes no warranty or representation (a) regarding the validity or scope of the Patent Rights, (b) that the exploitation the Patent Rights or any Licensed Product will not infringe any patents or
other intellectual property rights of a third party, and (c) that any third party is not currently infringing or will not infringe the Patent Rights. 
  

 17 








 10.2. Compliance with Law and Policies. Company agrees to comply with applicable law and the policies of
Medical School in the area of technology transfer and shall promptly notify Medical School of any violation that Company knows or has reason to believe has occurred or is likely to occur. The Medical School policies currently in effect at the
Worcester campus are listed on the http://www.umassmed.edu web site. 
  
 10.3. Tax-Exempt Status. Company acknowledges that Medical School, as a public institution of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, holds the status of an exempt organization under the United States Internal Revenue
Code. Company also acknowledges that certain facilities in which the licensed inventions were developed may have been financed through offerings of tax-exempt bonds. If the Internal Revenue Service determines, or if counsel to Medical School
reasonably determines, that any term of this Agreement jeopardizes the tax-exempt status of Medical School or the bonds used to finance Medical School facilities, the relevant term shall be deemed an invalid provision and modified in accordance with
Section 10.11. 
  
 10.4. Counterparts. This Agreement may be
executed in one or more counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, and all of which together shall be deemed to be one and the same instrument. 
  
 10.5. Headings. All headings are for convenience only and shall not affect the meaning of any provision of this Agreement. 
  
 10.6. Binding Effect. This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the
benefit of the parties and their respective permitted successors and assigns. 
  
 10.7. Assignment. This Agreement may not be assigned by either party without the prior written consent of the other party, except that Company may assign this Agreement to an Affiliate or to a successor in connection
with the merger, consolidation, or sale of all or substantially all of its assets or that portion of its business to which this Agreement relates. 
  
 10.8. Amendment and Waiver. This Agreement may be amended, supplemented, or otherwise modified only by means of a written instrument signed by both
parties. Any waiver of any rights or failure to act in a specific instance shall relate only to such instance and shall not be construed as an agreement to waive any rights or fail to act in any other instance, whether or not similar. 
  
 10.9. Governing Law. This Agreement shall be governed by and construed in
accordance with the laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts irrespective of any conflicts of law principles. 
  
 10.10. Notice. Any notices required or permitted under this Agreement shall be in writing, shall specifically refer to this Agreement, and shall be sent
by hand, recognized national overnight courier, confirmed facsimile transmission, confirmed electronic mail, or registered or certified mail, postage prepaid, return receipt requested, to the following addresses or facsimile numbers of the parties:

  

 18 









	 If to Medical School:
  
 Office of Technology Management
 University of Massachusetts Medical
School
 365 Plantation Street, Suite 130
 Worcester, MA
01605

	Attention:	 	 Joseph F.X. McGuirl

	 	 	 Executive Director

	
	 Tel: (508) 856-1626
 Fax: (508)
856-5004
  
 If to Company:
  
 CytRx Corporation
 11726 San Vicente Boulevard, Suite 650
 Los Angeles, California 90049

	Attention:	 	 Steven A. Kriegsman

	Invoices to:	 	 Steven A. Kriegsman



    
 All notices under this
Agreement shall be deemed effective upon receipt. A party may change its contact information immediately upon written notice to the other party in the manner provided in this Section. 
  
 10.11. Severability. In the event that any provision of this Agreement shall be held invalid or unenforceable for any
reason, such invalidity or unenforceability shall not affect any other provision of this Agreement, and the parties shall negotiate in good faith to modify the Agreement to preserve (to the extent possible) their original intent. If the parties fail
to reach a modified agreement within sixty (60) days after the relevant provision is held invalid or unenforceable, then the dispute shall be resolved in accordance with the procedures set forth in Article 9. While the dispute is pending resolution,
this Agreement shall be construed as if such provision were deleted by agreement of the parties. 
  
 10.12. Entire Agreement. Except for the Common Stock Purchase Agreement, this Agreement constitutes the entire agreement between the parties with respect
to its subject matter and supersedes all prior agreements or understandings between the parties relating to its subject matter. 
  

 19 








 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have caused this Agreement to be executed by their duly authorized
representatives as of the Effective Date. 
  

	 UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS
 MEDICAL SCHOOL
	 	CYTRX CORPORATION
				
	 By:
	 	 /s/ Joseph F. X. McGuirl

	 	By:	 	 /s/ Steven A. Kriegsman


	 	 	Joseph F.X. McGuirl	 	Steven A. Kriegsman
	 	 	Executive Director, Office of	 	Chief Executive Officer
	 	 	Technology Management	 	 	 	 

  

 20 








 EXHIBIT A 
  
 List of Patent Rights 
  
 Patent Rights 
  
 Docket number: UMMC 03-60 Title: “Selective Silencing of a Dominant ALS Gene by RNAi” 
  
 Patent Application Serial number: 60/423,507, filed on November 4, 2002 
  
 Inventors: Zuoshang Xu et al