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Proclamation 10882 of January 14, 2025 

Establishment of the Sa ́ttı ́tla Highlands National Monument 

By the President of the United States of America 

A Proclamation 

In northern California, the awe-inspiring geological wonders collectively 

described here as the Sa ́ttı ́tla Highlands have framed the homelands of 

Indigenous communities and cultures for millennia, and today this area 

continues to cradle historic and scientific treasures of our Nation. At this 

area’s core rests a sleeping giant: the Medicine Lake Volcano. This massive 

volcano—one of the two largest volcanos in the Cascades Volcanic Arc— 

covers an expanse roughly 10 times that of Mount St. Helens, Washington. 

‘‘Medicine Lake,’’ as labeled in English on some maps since approximately 

1890, is found within the summit caldera of the volcano for which it 

is named. Far earlier and through the present day, however, these stunning 

and unusual lands have been known as ‘‘Sa ́ttı ́tla’’ in the Ajumawi language, 

which translates to ‘‘obsidian place.’’ Sa ́ttı ́tla’s obsidian deposits formed 

by the volcano have long been important to Indigenous peoples, as shown 

by obsidian tools and sites they left here from their lives and travels. 

The Sa ́ttı ́tla Highlands area as described here includes parts of the Modoc, 

Shasta-Trinity, and Klamath National Forests, and stretches from Sharp 

Mountain, Wild Horse Mountain, and Little Horse Peak in the west, to 

Cougar Butte, Glass Mountain, and Border Mountain in the east, and to 

encompass the cinder cones known as Porcupine Butte, Timber Hill, Snag 

Hill, and Powder Hill in the south. 

Sa ́ttı ́tla includes portions of the ancestral homelands of the Pit River 

(Ajumawi—Atsugewi) and Modoc Peoples (Mo Wat Knii—Mo Docknii). For 

them and many other Indigenous peoples—including the Karuk, Klamath, 

Shasta, Siletz, Wintu, and Yana and individual Tribes that are members 

of these groups—the volcanic landscape holds and reflects exceptional power 

and is central to their spiritual beliefs and cultural practices. The Modoc 

believe Medicine Lake is a place of healing and have referred to the lake 

and its banks as ‘‘Lani’shwi.’’ Plants and animals found within Sa ́ttı ́tla’s 

habitats include many that are rare or vulnerable and have long been important to the Indigenous peoples of the area for food, medicine, and ceremonies. 

Sa ́ttı ́tla’s remarkable geologic formations and the ecosystems cultivated within and around them have shaped the history and cultures of generations 

of Indigenous peoples. 

This area contains evidence of human occupancy dating back at least 5,000 

years. For members of the Pit River Tribe, Sa ́ttı ́tla, as part of the broader 

landscape within which it sits, is central to their creation stories and core 

to their physical, mental, spiritual, and cultural health. Their cultural and 

spiritual connections to Sa ́ttı ́tla reach across time and space, linking a web 

of heritage sites near and far and underscoring the importance of this land 

to the Indigenous people who have lived here throughout history. They 

believe that the people and the land are one in the same, not only that 

one cannot be separated from the other, but that one cannot exist without 

the other. Sa ́ttı ́tla’s deep silence, local plants and animals, unobstructed 

views across the landscape, and pure water sources are necessary to carry 

out customs, traditions, and ceremonies of the Indigenous peoples connected 

to this area. This area has long provided a place for vision quests, gathering 

of medicinal plants, spiritual training and purification ceremonies, obsidian 


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gathering, and religious activities that demand privacy, solitude, and 

unobscured access to both day and night skies. The night skies of Sa ́ttı ́tla, 

where distant galaxies and stars are visible, are renowned for being among 

the darkest in the United States. 

Located at the southern reaches of the Modoc Peoples’ ancestral homelands, 

Sa ́ttı ́tla could be seen from across Modoc territory. The volcano and surrounding highlands were central to ceremonial life of the Modoc, and the 

area is an enduring place of historic and cultural significance. The area 

continues to serve as a place of gathering, healing, and spiritual importance 

for surrounding Indigenous peoples—including the Karuk, Klamath, Shasta, 

Siletz, Wintu, and Yana. Tribal Nations collaborate in some of these activities, 

including ceremonies in and around Medicine Lake. 

At least 85 plant species found in Sa ́ttı ́tla are used by Indigenous peoples 

for healing, medicine, food, tools, building materials, and as ceremonial 

objects and are considered to have powerful medicinal and ceremonial uses. 

For example, Indigenous people used lichen from this area to dye materials 

used to adorn clothes and ornaments. 

Evidence of Indigenous peoples can be found throughout Sa ́ttı ́tla. Sites in 

various parts of the area exhibit evidence of obsidian quarrying and use 

by Indigenous peoples, with some containing unique assemblages of flaked 

stone and obsidian tools, waste materials from tool manufacture, and blades 

and cutting implements. Larger obsidian blades, including those quarried 

and found in Sa ́ttı ́tla, were highly prized as items of wealth and prestige 

in Indigenous cultures throughout the region. Obsidian quarried within 

Sa ́ttı ́tla was an important resource in a broad Indigenous trade network 

throughout northern California and the California Coast, and within southern 

Oregon. The Indigenous peoples of the region believe that distinct sources 

of Sa ́ttı ́tla obsidian—such as obsidian deposits in the central part of this 

area—retain special roles and significance in different uses. In various locations, evidence of precontact hunting blinds and groundstone implements 

also highlight that Indigenous peoples have lived and hunted across Sa ́ttı ́tla. 

In view of the importance of these lands to Indigenous peoples and the 

rich cultural resources found here, in 1999, the National Register of Historic 

Places determined approximately 33,000 acres of the Sa ́ttı ́tla area centered 

on Medicine Lake to be eligible as a Traditional Cultural Property District. 

Further, in 2007, the U.S. Forest Service and the Bureau of Land Management 

developed the Medicine Lake Highlands Historic Property Management Program, which extended this district to encompass approximately 73,000 acres. 

Indigenous peoples would likely have witnessed some of the more recent 

eruptions of the Medicine Lake Volcano—which have occurred multiple 

times in the past 12,500 years and as recently as 950 years ago—reshaping 

their sacred lands as they watched, and creating geologic formations and 

other objects still visible today. Future volcanic activity will likely continue 

to shape these highlands. As a result of its dynamic geology and millennia 

of human occupation, Sa ́ttı ́tla contains numerous objects of historic and 

scientific interest—some formed by the volcano and surrounding ecosystems 

and others, like obsidian tools and ceremonial sites, created by Indigenous 

peoples—and is integrally connected to the Indigenous Knowledge amassed 

by the Tribal Nations and Indigenous peoples in the area over countless 

generations. Some of the objects in this area are sacred to Tribal Nations, 

are sensitive, rare, or vulnerable to vandalism and theft, or are unsafe to 

visit. Therefore, revealing their specific names or locations could pose a 

danger to the objects or to the public. 

The lava flows emanating off the flanks of Medicine Lake Volcano extend 

in every direction for more than 30 miles, through and, in some places, 

even beyond Sa ́ttı ́tla. Eons of historic geological activity provide visitors 

with vast panoramas of stark, unvegetated lava fields exemplified by the 

Burnt Lava Flow Geologic Special Interest Area in the southeast and the 

Callahan Flow in the north, and extending into Lava Beds National Monument along the northeast corner. The area’s concentration of lava flows 


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that are fewer than 13,000 years old makes Sa ́ttı ́tla one of the premier 

places to view geologically young lava flows in California—and in the United 

States. 

In addition to volcanologists who have come to Sa ́ttı ́tla to study and understand the depths of the earth’s core, astronauts have also learned from 

the area. Between 1965 and 1967, the area’s Pumice Crater—located in 

the central portion of Sa ́ttı ́tla—was used by the National Aeronautics and 

Space Administration for Apollo program astronauts who trained in the 

collection and identification of lunar-like geologic features to be prepared 

for observation and sampling on the moon. Multiple groups of astronauts 

traveled to the Pumice Crater area, and four of those astronauts flew Apollo 

missions, making this crater an important piece of space exploration history. 

Many of the lava flows within Sa ́ttı ́tla created islands of remnant forests 

that were elevated enough to escape the deluge of lava. In the north central 

area of Sa ́ttı ́tla, one such island is Black Lava Butte, which is dominated 

by shrubs, grasses, and old-growth ponderosa pine. Isolated from historical 

logging and development, these islands of forest provide valuable laboratories 

for future study of enduring and unaltered ecosystems. 

The southern portion of Sa ́ttı ́tla is home to miniature volcanoes known 

as spatter cones, a well-preserved and accessible handful of which appear 

adjacent to the Giant Crater Lava Flow located in the south-central portion 

of the area. Sa ́ttı ́tla’s more than 100 cinder cones—which are formed when 

lava cools mid-air and falls as fragments creating mounds, including Pumice 

Stone Mountain, Paint Pot Crater, and Porcupine Butte—are intact, making 

them of particular scientific interest. 

The Fourmile Hill Tree Molds Geologic Area, situated on the north flank 

of the Medicine Lake volcano, contains dozens of molds formed over 12,000 

years ago when molten lava flowed through a conifer forest leaving behind 

casts of the ancient tree trunks. These trace fossils can help improve scientists’ understanding of the complex geologic history of the region. 

Sa ́ttı ́tla also contains hundreds of cave-like lava tubes, which were formed 

over time when molten basaltic lava flows cooled. Many of these formations 

are relatively unexplored, with more likely yet to be discovered through 

future scientific inquiry. The Giant Crater lava tube originates just south 

of Medicine Lake, extends southward within Sa ́ttı ́tla, and ultimately forms 

the longest known lava tube system in the world. 

Sa ́ttı ́tla is nearly devoid of surface water drainages, but its surface waters 

only hint at what is stored underground, as most of the precipitation that 

falls in this area filters down through the porous volcanic rock filling underground aquifers. These aquifers supply water to spring systems in northern 

California—and ultimately to the Sacramento River to the south and the 

Lower Klamath and Tule Lake National Wildlife Refuges to the north. 

The first known Euro-American reports of Sa ́ttı ́tla emerged in 1826–27, 

with settler-driven development appearing in the region in the 1870s. The 

Tickner Road, constructed in 1871, served as one of the earliest routes 

across Siskiyou County, and remnants of two tracks are still visible in 

isolated sections in the northeast portion of the area. 

As Euro-Americans settled in the traditional homelands of the area’s Indigenous peoples, many Tribal Nations suffered dispossession and, often, forced 

removal. The brutalities against them by Euro-Americans were systemic, 

as evidenced by California’s first Governor declaring a ‘‘war of extermination’’ 

against the Indigenous peoples, and the California State Legislature appropriating a half-million dollars to pay for militia campaigns to kill them. 

By 1872, hostilities between the U.S. Army and the Modoc Peoples exploded 

into the Modoc War. Tickner Road was used by the U.S. military during 

the Modoc War as a supply route, and its remnants serve as a physical 

marker of this war. While battles took place in lava fields outside and 

to the north of the area, some Modoc people sought refuge in Sa ́ttı ́tla, 

where they successfully avoided relocation after the war and ultimately 


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integrated with the Klamath Tribes. For these members of the Modoc, their 

connection to and knowledge of the Sa ́ttı ́tla area proved life-saving. Other 

members were less fortunate; following the war several Modoc leaders were 

captured and hanged, and the remaining approximately 150 survivors were 

forcibly relocated to Oklahoma. In view of these atrocities and the resulting 

loss of homelands, Sa ́ttı ́tla and the objects it contains remain particularly 

significant both to the Modoc and to our Nation’s history. 

The area’s verdant forests and exceptional geology together have supported 

and still illustrate important parts of the region’s history. For example, 

Sa ́ttı ́tla’s high quality and accessible stands of ponderosa pine attracted 

the development of railroad logging operations, which came to this area 

at the end of the 19th century. Today, within the western and northern 

part of this area, visitors can see the remains of hundreds of miles of 

railroad grades, relics of logging camps, maintenance stations, loading and 

switchyards, and other traces from the railroad logging era. 

Near the center of Sa ́ttı ́tla, Little Mt. Hoffman Lookout Tower provides 

panoramic views across and outside of the area to distant Mt. Shasta, Mt. 

Lassen, and the Tule Lake Basin. Constructed in the 1920s, and eligible 

for listing on the National Register of Historic Places, the tower was actively 

used as a wildfire lookout until 1978 and today it provides a chance to 

see much of the Sa ́ttı ́tla Highlands from the edge of the volcano’s caldera. 

Sa ́ttı ́tla’s exceptionally varied habitats also support high levels of biodiversity, 

including a variety of sensitive and endemic species. For example, the 

Federally listed northern spotted owl relies on mature forest habitat, which 

is scattered throughout the southern and western portions of Sa ́ttı ́tla. The 

area also partially overlaps the historic range of the Federally listed Franklin’s 

bumblebee, which has one of the most limited geographic distributions 

of any bumblebee in the world. The Townsend’s big-eared bat, a State 

of California Species of Concern, uses the region’s lava tube caves for roosting. 

The Swainson’s hawk returns from South America in the spring to breed 

in the low-elevation juniper forests, sagebrush, and bitterbrush habitats found 

along the northwestern edge of area. In the northern portion of Sa ́ttı ́tla, 

the Three Sisters Bald Eagle Winter Roost Area provides habitat for bald 

eagles, endangered in California. Scattered aquatic and riparian habitats 

in the western portion of the area support two State of California Species 

of Special Concern, the Cascades frog and long-toed salamander. Other species known to be north and south of Sa ́ttı ́tla, such as the Federally listed 

gray wolf, likely migrate through this area, with Sa ́ttı ́tla providing transitory 

habitat. 

Sa ́ttı ́tla supports the survival of at least 16 plants considered threatened, 

endangered, or rare in California, including the Federally listed whitebark 

pine growing near Garner Mountain in the western portion of the area, 

as well as a diverse community of fungi, with 20 species considered rare 

or sparsely distributed. Amongst host trees is the Pacific fuzzwort, a rare 

liverwort that is at the southern end of its habitat in northern California, 

and the sugarstick, a parasitic plant associated with the roots of old-growth 

conifers. As the climate continues to warm, high-elevation habitats within 

Sa ́ttı ́tla will remain critical refugia for species including the gray-headed 

pika and the Sierra Nevada red fox, a State of California threatened species. 

Sa ́ttı ́tla continues to provide traditional cultural resources used by Tribal 

and Indigenous communities, including food staples like sugar pine seeds 

and berries from gooseberry, currant, and manzanita, as well as plants collected for their medicinal properties, such as bitter cherry and Prince’s 

pine. Various plants found in Sa ́ttı ́tla were historically used by Indigenous 

peoples for hunting, such as the blue elderberry whose pithy stem-wood 

was fashioned into elk whistles and is still collected today. 

Sa ́ttı ́tla’s soils, formed from lava over time, are home to several sensitive 

plants, including the sensitive talus collomia, the snow fleabane daisy, little 

hulsea, and pyrola-leaved buckwheat, all of which are restricted to fewer 

than four counties in Northern California. 


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At the lower elevations along the northwestern portion of Sa ́ttı ́tla, western 

juniper and ponderosa pine occur above a collection of Great Basin-type 

shrubs, including curl-leaf mountain-mahogany, bitterbrush, rubber 

rabbitbrush, and big sage. The leaves, bark, flowers, and seeds from these 

shrubs were used by Indigenous peoples to make dye and medicines, and 

the dense wood of mountain-mahogany was used to make digging sticks, 

fire drills, bows, arrow shafts, and throwing sticks. Two species uncommon 

in California are found in the dry, volcanic soils near the northern boundary 

of Sa ́ttı ́tla: the tiny annual doublet and the cushion-like squarestem phlox. 

Wet meadows and fens are infrequent within the landscape, but where 

they occur, they provide habitat for wetland plant species such as the 

California-endangered Boggs Lake hedge-hyssop and the three-ranked hump 

moss. Traditional cultural plants found in these wetter habitats, including 

clover, yarrow, mountain strawberry, Baltic rush, and several grasses, were 

historically gathered for food, basket materials, and for their medicinal properties. Further, sensitive vernal pools are situated southeast of Medicine 

Lake, supporting species including Oregon sedge. 

Protection of Sa ́ttı ́tla will conserve the diverse array of cultural, precontact, 

historic, natural, and scientific resources—that the volcano at its core has 

shaped—for the benefit of all Americans. It is vital to preserve this unique 

geologic landscape that holds sites and objects of historical, traditional, 

cultural, and spiritual significance for Tribal Nations and Indigenous peoples 

who have gathered Indigenous Knowledge and practiced and shaped their 

cultures linked integrally to this area over countless generations. In addition 

to containing numerous objects of historic and scientific interest as described 

above, this area also provides exceptional outdoor recreational opportunities, 

including hiking, biking, snowmobiling, camping, hunting, scenic driving, 

and canoeing. 

WHEREAS, section 320301 of title 54, United States Code (the ‘‘Antiquities 

Act’’), authorizes the President, in the President’s discretion, to declare 

by public proclamation historic landmarks, historic and prehistoric structures, and other objects of historic or scientific interest that are situated 

upon the lands owned or controlled by the Federal Government to be national 

monuments, and to reserve as a part thereof parcels of land, the limits 

of which shall be confined to the smallest area compatible with the proper 

care and management of the objects to be protected; and 

WHEREAS, Sa ́ttı ́tla has long been profoundly sacred to Tribal Nations and 

Indigenous peoples with ties to these highlands; and 

WHEREAS, I find that all the objects identified above, and objects of the 

type identified above within the area described herein, are objects of historic 

or scientific interest in need of protection under section 320301 of title 

54, United States Code, regardless of whether they are expressly identified 

as objects of historic or scientific interest in the text of this proclamation; 

and 

WHEREAS, I find that there are threats to the objects identified in this 

proclamation, and in the absence of a reservation under the Antiquities 

Act, these objects are not adequately protected by applicable law or administrative designations, thus making a national monument designation and reservation necessary to protect the objects of historic and scientific interest 

identified above for current and future generations; and 

WHEREAS, I find that the boundaries of the monument reserved by this 

proclamation represent the smallest area compatible with the proper care 

and management of the objects of scientific or historic interest identified 

above, as required by the Antiquities Act; and 

WHEREAS, it is in the public interest to ensure the preservation, restoration, 

and protection of the objects of scientific and historic interest identified 

above; 

NOW, THEREFORE, I, JOSEPH R. BIDEN JR., President of the United States 

of America, by the authority vested in me by section 320301 of title 54, 


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United States Code, hereby proclaim the objects identified above that are 

situated upon lands and interests in lands owned or controlled by the 

Federal Government to be the Sa ́ttı ́tla Highlands National Monument (monument) and, for the purpose of protecting those objects, reserve as part thereof 

all lands and interests in lands that are owned or controlled by the Federal 

Government within the boundaries described on the accompanying map, 

which is attached hereto and forms a part of this proclamation. These 

reserved Federal lands and interests in lands encompass approximately 

224,676 acres. As a result of the distribution of the objects across the 

Sa ́ttı ́tla Highlands, the boundaries described on the accompanying map are 

confined to the smallest area compatible with the proper care and management of the objects of historic or scientific interest identified above. 

All Federal lands and interests in lands within the boundaries described 

of the monument are hereby appropriated and withdrawn from all forms 

of entry, location, selection, sale, or other disposition under the public 

land laws or laws applicable to the Forest Service other than by exchange 

that furthers the protective purposes of the monument; from location, entry, 

and patent under the mining laws; and from disposition under all laws 

relating to mineral and geothermal leasing. 

The establishment of the monument is subject to valid existing rights. If 

the Federal Government subsequently acquires any lands or interests in 

lands not currently owned or controlled by the Federal Government within 

the boundaries described on the accompanying map, such lands and interests 

in lands shall be reserved as a part of the monument, and objects of the 

type identified above that are situated upon those lands and interests in 

lands shall be part of the monument, upon acquisition of ownership or 

control by the Federal Government. 

Nothing in this proclamation shall be construed to alter the valid existing 

water rights of any party, including the United States. This proclamation 

does not reserve water as a matter of Federal law. 

The Secretary of Agriculture (Secretary), through the Forest Service, shall 

manage the monument pursuant to applicable legal authorities, as part of 

the Modoc, Shasta-Trinity, and Klamath National Forests, and in accordance 

with the terms, conditions, and management direction provided by this 

proclamation. 

For purposes of protecting and restoring the objects identified above, the 

Secretary shall prepare, in consultation with the Secretary of the Interior, 

within 3 years from the date of this proclamation, a management plan 

for the monument, which shall include provisions for continuing outdoor 

recreational opportunities consistent with the proper care and management 

of the objects identified above, and shall promulgate such rules and regulations for the management of the monument as the Secretary shall deem 

appropriate. The Secretary, through the Forest Service, shall consult with 

other Federal land management agencies or agency components in the local 

area, including the Bureau of Land Management, the Fish and Wildlife 

Service, the Department of Defense, and the National Park Service, in developing the management plan. 

The Secretary shall provide for maximum public involvement in the development of the management plan, as well as consultation with federally recognized Tribal Nations with cultural or historical connections to the monument, 

and conferral with State and local governments. In preparing the management 

plan, the Secretary shall take into account, to the maximum extent practicable, maintaining the undeveloped character of the lands within the monument; minimizing impacts from surface-disturbing activities; providing appropriate and, where consistent with the proper care and management of the 

objects of historic or scientific interest identified above, improving access 

for recreation, hunting, fishing, wildfire risk reduction, wildlife management, 

and scientific research; and emphasizing the retention of natural quiet, dark 

night skies, and scenic values. In the development and implementation 


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of the management plan, the Secretary shall maximize opportunities, pursuant to applicable legal authorities, for shared resources, operational efficiency, 

and cooperation, and shall, to the maximum extent practicable, provide 

for the careful and full incorporation of the Indigenous Knowledge and 

special expertise of Tribal Nations. 

The Secretary shall consider appropriate mechanisms to provide for temporary closures to the general public of specific portions of the monument 

to protect the privacy of cultural, religious, and gathering activities by members of Tribal Nations. 

The Secretary, through the Forest Service, shall establish an advisory committee under chapter 10 of title 5, United States Code (commonly known 

as the Federal Advisory Committee Act), to provide advice or recommendations regarding the development of the management plan and, as appropriate, 

management of the monument. The advisory committee shall consist of 

a fair and balanced representation of interested stakeholders, including State 

agencies and local governments; Tribal Nations; recreational users; conservation organizations; wildlife, hunting and fishing organizations; the scientific 

community; business owners; the forestry community; and the general public 

in the region. 

In recognition of the value of collaboration with Tribal Nations for the 

proper care and management of the objects identified above, and to ensure 

that management of the monument is informed by, integrates, and reflects 

Tribal expertise and Indigenous Knowledge (including in regard to the practice of cultural burning), as appropriate, the Secretary shall meaningfully 

engage with Tribal Nations with cultural or historic affiliation to the Sa ́ttı ́tla 

region including by seeking opportunities for co-stewardship of the monument. 

If Tribal Nations with cultural or historic affiliation to the Sa ́ttı ́tla region 

independently establish a commission or other similar entity (commission) 

comprised of elected officers or official designees from each participating 

Tribal Nation to engage in co-stewardship of the monument with the Federal 

Government through shared responsibilities or administration, then the Secretary shall meaningfully engage the commission in the development, revision, or amendment of the management plan and the management of the 

monument, including by considering and, as appropriate, integrating the 

Indigenous Knowledge and special expertise of the members of the commission in the planning and management of the monument. The management 

plan for the monument shall also set forth parameters for continued meaningful engagement with the commission, if established, in the implementation 

of the management plan and, as appropriate, incorporate public education 

on and interpretation of traditional place names and the cultural significance 

of land within the monument into the management plan. The Secretary 

shall explore opportunities to provide support to the commission, if established, to enable participation in the planning and management of the monument. 

The Secretary shall also explore entering into cooperative agreements or 

contracts, pursuant to the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act, 25 U.S.C. 5301 et seq., or other applicable authorities, with Tribes 

or Tribal organizations to perform administrative or management functions 

within the monument and providing technical and financial assistance to 

improve the capacity of Tribal Nations to develop, enter into, and carry 

out activities under such cooperative agreements or contracts. The Secretary 

also shall explore opportunities for funding agreements with Tribal Nations 

relating to the management and protection of traditional cultural properties 

and other culturally significant programming associated with the monument. 

Nothing in this proclamation shall be deemed to alter, modify, abrogate, 

enlarge, or diminish the rights or jurisdiction of any Tribal Nation, including 

off-reservation reserved rights. The Secretary shall, to the maximum extent 

permitted by law and in consultation with Tribal Nations, ensure the protection of sacred sites and cultural properties and sites in the monument 


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and shall provide access to Tribal members for traditional cultural, spiritual, 

and customary uses, consistent with the American Indian Religious Freedom 

Act (42 U.S.C. 1996), the Religious Freedom Restoration Act (42 U.S.C. 

2000bb et seq.), Executive Order 13007 of May 24, 1996 (Indian Sacred 

Sites), and the November 10, 2021, Memorandum of Understanding Regarding 

Interagency Coordination and Collaboration for the Protection of Indigenous 

Sacred Sites. Such uses shall include but are not limited to, traditional 

hunting activities and the traditional collection of waters, medicines, berries 

and other vegetation, obsidian and other mineral products, forest products, 

and firewood for ceremonial practices, so long as each use is carried out 

consistent with applicable law and in a manner consistent with the proper 

care and management of the objects identified above. 

The Secretary shall explore mechanisms, consistent with applicable law, 

to enable the protection of Indigenous Knowledge or other information relating to the nature and specific location of cultural resources within the 

monument and, to the extent practicable, shall explain to the holders of 

such knowledge or information any limitations on the ability to protect 

such information from disclosure before it is shared with the Department. 

Consistent with the care and management of the objects identified above, 

the Secretary shall manage livestock grazing as authorized under existing 

permits and allotments, and subject to appropriate terms and conditions 

in accordance with existing laws and regulations. The Secretary shall not 

issue new grazing permits and shall not designate new allotments on Federal 

lands within the monument where livestock grazing is not currently allowed. 

Nothing in this proclamation shall be construed to preclude the renewal 

or assignment of, or interfere with the operation, maintenance, replacement, 

modification, upgrade, or access to, existing or previously approved flood 

control, utility, pipeline, and telecommunications sites or facilities; roads 

or highway corridors; seismic monitoring facilities; or water infrastructure, 

including wildlife water developments or water district facilities, within 

the boundaries of existing or previously approved authorizations within 

the monument. Existing or previously approved flood control, utility, pipeline, telecommunications, and seismic monitoring facilities, roads or highway 

corridors, and water infrastructure, including wildlife water developments 

or water district facilities, may be expanded, and new facilities of such 

kind may be constructed, to the extent consistent with the proper care 

and management of the objects identified above and subject to the Secretary’s 

authorities and other applicable law. 

For purposes of protecting and restoring the objects identified above, the 

Secretary shall prepare a transportation plan that designates the roads and 

trails on which motorized and non-motorized mechanized vehicle use will 

be allowed. The transportation plan shall include management decisions, 

including road closures and travel restrictions, necessary to protect the objects 

identified in this proclamation. Except for emergency purposes and authorized administrative purposes, motorized vehicle use in the monument may 

be permitted only on roads and trails documented as existing in USDA 

Forest Service route inventories that exist as of the date of this proclamation. 

Any additional roads or trails designated for motorized vehicle use by the 

general public must be designated only for the purposes of public safety 

needs or if necessary for the protection of the objects identified above. 

Nothing in this proclamation shall affect the ability of the Forest Service 

or the Bureau of Land Management, after consultation with the Forest Service, 

to provide access to or to remediate or monitor contaminated lands within 

the monument, including to provide ancillary road and utility access or 

water control developments, or access for remediation of geothermal, mine, 

mill, or tailing sites, for the restoration of natural resources, or for the 

plugging and abandonment of wells. 

Nothing in this proclamation shall preclude low-level overflights of military 

aircraft, military flight testing or evaluation, the designation of new units 

of special use airspace, or the use or establishment of military flight training 


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routes after appropriate coordination between the Department of Defense 

and the Department of Agriculture. 

Nothing in this proclamation shall be deemed to enlarge or diminish the 

jurisdiction of the State of California with respect to fish and wildlife management, including hunting and fishing, on the lands reserved by this proclamation. 

The Secretary may carry out vegetative management treatments within the 

monument to the extent consistent with the proper care and management 

of the objects identified above, including addressing ecological restoration, 

wildlife connectivity or the risk of wildfire, insect infestation, or disease 

that would endanger the objects identified in this proclamation or imperil 

public safety. Nothing in this proclamation shall be deemed to affect the 

use of prescribed fire within the monument. The Secretary shall evaluate 

opportunities to enter into one or more agreements with governments, including State, local, and Tribal, regarding the protection of the objects identified 

above during wildland fire prevention and response efforts. 

Nothing in this proclamation shall be construed to alter the authority or 

responsibility of any party with respect to emergency response activities 

within the monument, including wildland fire response and search and 

rescue. 

Nothing in this proclamation shall be deemed to revoke any existing withdrawal, reservation, or appropriation; however, the monument shall be the 

dominant reservation. 

Warning is hereby given to all unauthorized persons not to appropriate, 

injure, destroy, or remove any feature of the monument and not to locate 

or settle upon any of the lands thereof. 

If any provision of this proclamation, including its application to a particular 

parcel of land, is held to be invalid, the remainder of this proclamation 

and its application to other parcels of land shall not be affected thereby. 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this fourteenth day 

of January, in the year of our Lord two thousand twenty-five, and of the 

Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and fortyninth. 

Billing code 3395–F4–P 


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6736 Federal Register / Vol. 90, No. 11 / Friday, January 17, 2025 / Presidential Documents 

[FR Doc. 2025–01443 

Filed 1–16–25; 11:15 a.m.] 

Billing code 3410–10–C 


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