Illinois Official Reports 

Appellate Court

In re L.J.S., 2018 IL App (3d) 180218

Appellate Court 

Caption

In re L.J.S., a Minor (The People of the State of Illinois, PetitionerAppellee, v. Richard S., Respondent-Appellant).

District & No. Third District

Docket No. 3-18-0218

Filed September 13, 2018

Decision Under 

Review

Appeal from the Circuit Court of Rock Island County, No. 16-JA-25; 

the Hon. Theodore G. Kutsunis, Judge, presiding.

Judgment Affirmed.

Counsel on

Appeal

Nate Nieman, of Rock Island, for appellant.

John L. McGehee, State’s Attorney, of Rock Island (Patrick Delfino, 

David J. Robinson, and Thomas D. Arado, of State’s Attorneys 

Appellate Prosecutor’s Office, of counsel), for the People.

Panel JUSTICE McDADE delivered the judgment of the court, with 

opinion.

Justices Holdridge and Schmidt concurred in the judgment and 

opinion. 
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 OPINION 

¶ 1 L.J.S. was adjudicated abused and neglected based on allegations that respondent, Richard 

S., sexually abused her. Afterward, the State filed a petition to terminate parental rights, 

claiming that Richard was an unfit parent because (1) he was depraved, (2) he failed to make 

reasonable efforts to correct the conditions that were the basis for L.J.S.’s removal, and (3) he 

failed to make reasonable progress toward the return of L.J.S. It also claimed that it was in 

L.J.S.’s best interest to terminate Richard’s parental rights. The trial court found Richard unfit 

and, subsequently, terminated Richard’s parental rights. Richard appealed the unfitness ruling. 

We affirm. 

¶ 2 FACTS 

¶ 3 The State filed a petition for adjudication of wardship, claiming that L.J.S., born August 7, 

2006, was neglected, abused, and dependent. The petition alleged that L.J.S.’s environment 

was injurious to her welfare because she was sexually abused by her father, Richard. Richard 

had been incarcerated in Rock Island County jail because he was charged with six counts of 

predatory sexual assault. L.J.S.’s mother, Dawn B., was not involved in L.J.S.’s life. The State 

also filed a petition for temporary custody. 

¶ 4 In May 2016, Dawn stipulated to the allegations in the petition. In its adjudicatory order, 

the court granted the State’s petition, finding that, based on the stipulation, there were 

sufficient facts to find L.J.S. had been abused. In June 2016, a dispositional hearing was held. 

Richard was not present; however, his attorney made his first appearance at the hearing. After 

the hearing, the court entered a dispositional order, adjudicating L.J.S. abused and neglected. It 

also granted the Department of Children and Family Services (DCFS) placement and custody 

of L.J.S. and ordered that visitation was at the discretion of DCFS and the Center for Youth and 

Family Solutions (CYFS). It stated that a service plan was appropriate and that DCFS must 

“develop and implement a new service plan in conformity of this Order.”

¶ 5 In July 2016, the court entered a nunc pro tunc finding to support an adjudicatory order and 

a supplemental dispositional order, stating that, inter alia, Richard must (1) cooperate with 

services and service providers, (2) follow the “497 Client Service Plan” and sign necessary 

releases of information, (3) obtain and maintain appropriate housing and income, 

(4) participate in sex offender treatment, (5) complete integrated assessment, and (6) not have 

visitation with L.J.S. while he is incarcerated. 

¶ 6 In December 2016, the first permanency review was held. The court found that Richard 

was not making reasonable efforts to correct the conditions that were the basis for L.J.S.’s 

removal and not making reasonable progress toward the return of L.J.S. The permanency order 

stated that the appropriate permanency goal was to return L.J.S. home within 12 months. A 

second permanency review was held in March 2017. Dawn submitted a final and irrevocable 

consent to adoption, and the trial court certified that her consent was knowing and voluntary. 

The court ruled that Richard was not making reasonable progress or reasonable efforts. In its 

written order, the court stated that the appropriate permanency goal was substitute care 

pending determination of termination of parental rights. During this time, Richard pled guilty 

to five counts of aggravated criminal sex abuse, four of which related to L.J.S., and was 

sentenced to five 48-month terms of probation, all to be served concurrently. As part of his 
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probation conditions, Richard was prohibited from having contact with L.J.S. He was released 

from jail on December 2, 2017. 

¶ 7 The State filed a supplemental petition to terminate parental rights.1 The State alleged that 

Richard was an unfit parent because (1) he was depraved under section 1(D)(i) of the Adoption 

Act (750 ILCS 50/1(D)(i) (West 2016)); (2) he failed to make reasonable efforts to correct the 

conditions that were the basis for L.J.S.’s removal during the relevant nine-month period of 

June 23, 2016, through March 23, 2017, under section 1(D)(m)(i) of the Adoption Act (id.

§ 1(D)(m)(i)); and (3) he failed to make reasonable progress toward the return of L.J.S. during 

the relevant nine-month period of June 23, 2016, through March 23, 2017, under section 

1(D)(m)(ii) of the Adoption Act (id. § 1(D)(m)(ii)). The State asserted as factual support for its 

allegations that Richard (1) pled guilty to five counts of aggravated criminal sex abuse, 

(2) failed to maintain appropriate employment or income while he was incarcerated, (3) failed 

to complete an integrated assessment, and (4) failed to communicate with DCFS about his 

participation in sex offender treatment or other services. The State also pled that it was in the 

best interest of L.J.S. that Richard’s parental rights were terminated. 

¶ 8 In August 2017, a parental fitness hearing was held. On direct examination, Kathie 

McAdams, caseworker for CYFS, testified that she had been L.J.S.’s caseworker for three 

months. She was not L.J.S.’s original caseworker but had been familiar with the earlier history 

of the case. When L.J.S. was adjudicated abused and neglected, Richard was incarcerated in 

Rock Island County jail awaiting charges for sexually abusing L.J.S. However, he was not in 

jail when McAdams was assigned to the case. While Richard was in jail, he was ordered to 

complete an integrated assessment. To her knowledge, Richard never attempted to coordinate 

and complete the integrated assessment or any other services. McAdams had no knowledge 

about the former caseworker’s communication, if any, with Richard about completing the 

assessment. McAdams’s first discussion with Richard about completing the assessment was on 

August 14, 2017. On that day, Richard told her that he had started receiving services at the 

Robert Young Center (Robert Young) after he had been released from jail. She was not able to 

verify his statement, however, because he would not sign a release. She had made two prior 

attempts to speak with him after receiving his contact information from his father, who came to 

McAdams’s office and left her Richard’s number. However, she had not made any effort to 

contact him before August 2017, and Richard never contacted her or, to her knowledge, the 

former caseworker. Richard was prohibited from visitation with L.J.S. because there had been 

a no-contact order. McAdams testified that, because of the no-contact order, he was not a 

return home option for L.J.S. Richard was living in Moline and receiving supplemental 

security income (SSI). In order for him to become a possible placement option for L.J.S., he 

would have to complete parenting classes and sex abuse classes and the no-contact order 

would need to be dismissed. 

¶ 9 On cross-examination, McAdams stated that she had not told Richard that she was the new 

caseworker although it was common to do so. In order for Richard to complete the assessment 

he would have to coordinate with McAdams. Richard’s case file stated that he was mentally 

delayed, and he told McAdams that he was delayed and “had trouble understanding some 

things.” When she spoke with Richard on August 14, she asked him if he understood 

 

1While the record refers to an original petition to terminate parental rights, we have not found such 

a petition in the record. 
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everything she told him and he did not seem confused. She took over the case at the end of May 

or beginning of June 2017. McAdams did not know if the former caseworker had been in 

contact with Richard or if she had made any attempt to coordinate the assessment with him. 

McAdams believed that Richard knew that CYFS was L.J.S.’s servicing agency because he 

would have received court documents from the agency through the jail or his attorney. 

¶ 10 The court took judicial notice of L.J.S.’s birth certificate; a 13-page document detailing 

Richard’s five-count charge of aggravated criminal sexual abuse to which he pled guilty; an 

amended order of protection; and a February 28, 2017, permanency hearing report. In the 

permanency report, Lela Donaldson, the former caseworker, stated that she had been unable to 

communicate with Richard while he was in jail “per his attorney.” As a condition of his 

probation, Richard was ordered to complete sex offender treatment. He did not cooperate with 

CYFS to participate in services or inform the agency of the services he was participating in. 

Donaldson also stated that CYFS could not pursue reunification because the no-contact order 

prohibited Richard from having any contact with L.J.S. The agency planned to seek 

termination of parental rights. Richard submitted into evidence an updated criminal docket “as 

proof that [Richard] has put his past conduct behind him. There’s no further evidence of any 

criminality from him.” 

¶ 11 On direct examination, Richard testified that he had been living in Moline, Illinois, for a 

month. He had previously lived by himself in Silvis, Illinois. He had been incarcerated for 

about 10 months in 2016 and was currently on probation for four years. He had not been in 

trouble since he was released from jail. While in jail, Richard was unable to attend parenting 

classes and sex offender treatment because the jail did not offer it. He got out of jail in 

December 2016 and started sex offender treatment in January 2017. He also had been seeing a 

doctor at the Robert Young for a “couple months now.” He never had a job and his highest 

level of education was high school. He was currently on SSI because “I can’t read and write 

that good.” He understood that he had to complete sex offender treatment, but he did not know 

who to contact. The treatment was a two-year program. When he got out of jail, he did not 

know who his caseworker was. He was planning to appeal his criminal case. 

¶ 12 On cross-examination, Richard explained that he did not contact CYFS because “I didn’t 

think it would be—I didn’t think I would have to do that.” He believed he would get his 

daughter back by doing things his attorney told him. Aside from the sex offender treatment and 

seeking psychiatric care at Robert Young, Richard did not attempt to participate in other 

services. He acknowledged that he did not sign a release to allow CYFS to review his treatment 

because “I didn’t think it’s necessary.” He never missed a sex offender class. He believed that 

he would get L.J.S. back by completing sex offender treatment, seeing his doctor, and 

completing other classes. He was willing to complete other classes he might later be assigned if 

necessary. 

¶ 13 The court requested that both parties submit written arguments with supporting precedent. 

Based on In re S.H., 284 Ill. App. 3d 392 (1996), the court determined that the four counts of 

criminal sexual abuse related to L.J.S., of which Richard was convicted, constituted four 

separate acts sufficient to support a presumption of depravity. Next, the court stated that “The 

burden shifted then to the respondent father to prove to this court by clear and convincing 

evidence that he was not depraved.” It held that Richard did not overcome the presumption of 

depravity and, thus, found him unfit. It further ruled that there was sufficient evidence to show 

that Richard did not make reasonable efforts to correct the conditions that were the basis for 
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L.J.S.’s removal and did not make reasonable progress toward the return of L.J.S. The court 

explained: 

“As to the allegation of lack of effort—reasonable effort—the court report filed by 

the former caseworker on February 28, 2017, clearly indicated that [Richard] had not 

communicated with the caseworker during his incarceration. He did not engage in any 

services, to that worker’s knowledge, including sex offender treatment as ordered in 

the felony case for criminal sexual abuse charges, as indicated above. The caseworker 

also testified that she had not heard from [Richard] until shortly before the fitness 

hearing. She further testified that [Richard] had not engaged in any services that she 

was aware of, except for [Richard’s] self report that he had begun sex offender 

treatment. When questioned about why he had not engaged in services or 

communications with the caseworker, [Richard] stated that he did not think he needed 

to communicate with the worker or provide verification for any of the services he was 

engaged in. When further questioned as to why he thought [Richard] could provide no 

answer other than to restate his belief. [Richard] clearly knew the expectations of the 

agency and frankly of this court and he constantly appeared in court while in custody 

and thereafter and had been repeatedly admonished by this court to cooperate with the 

Department of Children and Family Services, the designated agency with—and with 

the services contained in the service plan. 

 So, therefore, the court believes that the State has proven by clear and convincing 

evidence that the father failed to make reasonable efforts during the applicable time 

periods of June 23, 2016 to March 23, 2017. 

 As to the allegation of lack of reasonable progress towards the return of the child, 

the former caseworker’s report and the testimony provided by the case worker clearly 

demonstrated that [Richard], in all reality, was and is unable to make that progress. 

Certainly [Richard] could have made no reasonable progress towards returning the 

child to his care while he was incarcerated. Post incarceration [Richard] is serving 48 

months’ probation which commenced December 2, 2016. Paragraph 12 of that 

probation order specifically prohibits [Richard] from having contact with the minor. 

Because of these impediments which this court believes are of the making of the father 

himself, the court is of the opinion that the State has proven, again for the same time 

period, that [Richard] failed to make reasonable progress toward the return of the child. 

Therefore, my ruling is today that the State has proven its case and that [Richard] is 

deemed unfit by this court as supported by clear and convincing evidence on the 

record.”

¶ 14 In April 2018, a best interest hearing was held. The court found that it was in L.J.S.’s best 

interest to terminate Richard’s parental rights. Richard filed a notice of appeal on April 18, and 

the court entered its written order on April 27.2 Richard only appealed the unfitness ruling. 

 

2This court has jurisdiction to hear this case. See Ill. S. Ct. R. 303(a)(1) (eff. July 1, 2017) (“A 

notice of appeal filed after the court announces a decision, but before the entry of the judgment or order, 

is treated as filed on the date of and after the entry of the judgment or order.”). 
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¶ 15 ANALYSIS 

¶ 16 First, Richard argues that the trial court erred when it determined he was unfit based on 

depravity because (1) the State’s evidence only showed that petitioner had one conviction; 

(2) the trial court erred when it determined that petitioner had to rebut the presumption of 

depravity by clear and convincing evidence; (3) even if the State met the presumption, it was 

rebutted because (a) he had no criminal history since his release from jail and (b) he was 

currently enrolled in sex offender classes and receiving psychiatric care at Robert Young. 

¶ 17 Section 1(D) provides the grounds on which the trial court may find a parent unfit. 750 

ILCS 50/1(D) (West 2016). One ground is that the parent is depraved. Id. § 1(D)(i). Section 

1(D)(i) states, in relevant part: 

“There is a rebuttable presumption that a parent is depraved if the parent has been 

criminally convicted of at least 3 felonies under the laws of this State or any other state, 

or under federal law, or the criminal laws of any United States territory; and at least one 

of these convictions took place within 5 years of the filing of the petition or motion 

seeking termination of parental rights.” Id. 

¶ 18 In Illinois, the term “depravity” means “ ‘an inherent deficiency of moral sense and 

rectitude.’ ” In re A.M., 358 Ill. App. 3d 247, 253 (2005) (quoting Stalder v. Stone, 412 Ill. 488, 

498 (1952)). The State shows depravity by establishing that respondent has a “ ‘deficiency’ in 

moral sense and either an inability or an unwillingness to conform to accepted morality.” 

(Internal quotation marks omitted.) Id. (quoting In re J.A., 316 Ill. App. 3d 553, 561 (2000)). 

“Where the presumption of depravity is rebuttable, the ‘parent is still able to present evidence 

showing that, despite his convictions, he is not depraved.’ ” Id. (quoting J.A., 316 Ill. App. 3d 

at 562). If respondent presents evidence contradicting the presumption, the presumption is 

removed and the issue is determined based on the evidence presented. J.A., 316 Ill. App. 3d at 

562. The burden of proving by clear and convincing evidence that the respondent is depraved 

remains with the State. A.M., 358 Ill. App. 3d at 254. The trial court’s determination that a 

parent is unfit will not be reversed unless it is against the manifest weight of the evidence. In re 

Gwynne P., 215 Ill. 2d 340, 354 (2005). 

¶ 19 The parties dispute whether the State had proven Richard had at least three felony 

convictions in accordance with section 1(D)(i). Specifically, Richard claims that the four 

counts of aggravated sexual abuse were a part of one guilty plea that resulted in one conviction, 

and the State alleges that each count constituted a separate conviction. The trial court 

determined that, under S.H., the counts against Richard constituted four separate convictions. 

In S.H., the State filed a petition for termination of parental rights against respondent on the 

basis of depravity. S.H., 284 Ill. App. 3d at 393. At the hearing on the petition, the State’s only 

evidence was respondent’s conviction of two counts of aggravated criminal sexual assault, and 

the trial court held that the State presented a prima facie case that respondent was depraved. Id.

at 394-95. Affirming the trial court’s decision, the Fourth District determined that “a parent 

who commits [sexual] acts like these upon his or her own child is subject to being found unfit 

due to depravity based solely upon that conduct.” (Emphasis omitted.) Id. at 400. 

¶ 20 We find S.H. distinguishable from this case. The court in S.H. relied on a prior version of 

section 1(D)(i) that only required a showing of depravity. The prior version stated: 

“D. ‘Unfit person’ means any person whom the court shall find to be unfit to have a 

child, without regard to the likelihood that the child will be placed for adoption. The 

grounds of unfitness are any one or more of the following: 
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 * * *

(i) Depravity.” 750 ILCS 50/1(D)(i) (West 1996). 

The current version of section 1(D)(i) that this court must rely on mandates, in relevant part, 

that a rebuttable presumption is only established if the State proves the respondent was 

convicted of at least three felonies within five years of the filing of the termination petition. 

Therefore, we decline to follow the trial court’s reasoning. 

¶ 21 However, we can affirm the trial court’s decision on any basis in the record (People v. 

Campos, 349 Ill. App. 3d 172, 177 (2004)), and we believe the record shows that Richard had 

at least five felony convictions within five years of the filing of the State’s petition. A criminal 

history data sheet appearing in the record of exhibits shows there were five separate charges for 

aggravated criminal sex abuse (Class 2 felony), Richard pled guilty to each charge in 

December 2016, and he was placed on probation for each charge to be served concurrently. 

Therefore, we find that the State successfully raised the statutory rebuttable presumption that 

Richard was depraved. 

¶ 22 Both parties acknowledge that the trial court erred at the next step when it required Richard 

to rebut the presumption by proving by clear and convincing evidence that he was not 

depraved. We agree that this was error. This court has determined that, under section 1(D)(i), a 

respondent need only provide some contrary evidence to rebut the presumption. See In re P.J., 

2018 IL App (3d) 170539, ¶ 14. Richard tendered some evidence of rehabilitation, rebutting 

the presumption and requiring the State to prove depravity by clear and convincing evidence. 

The trial court did not require the State to meet that burden. The application of the appropriate 

standard of proof is fundamental for persons facing involuntary termination of their parental 

rights. Id. ¶ 15. Thus, we find the State has failed to prove that depravity is a proper basis for 

unfitness in this case. The State has, however, raised three bases for finding Richard unfit. 

Proof of any one of those grounds is sufficient to support a finding of unfitness. In re C.W., 199 

Ill. 2d 198, 210 (2002). We, therefore, consider the State’s next contention—that Richard 

failed to make reasonable efforts to correct the conditions that were the basis for L.J.S.’s 

removal under section 1(D)(m)(i). 

¶ 23 Richard counters that the trial court erred when it found him unfit on that basis. 

Specifically, Richard alleges that he made reasonable efforts because (1) he began sex offender 

treatment in January 2017, (2) he began seeing a doctor at Robert Young, (3) he had not been 

in trouble since his release from jail in December 2016, and (4) he was attending all his sex 

offender treatment classes. 

¶ 24 Section 1(D)(m)(i) states that a court may enter a finding of unfitness if a parent fails to 

“make reasonable efforts to correct the conditions that were the basis for the removal of the 

child from the parent during any 9-month period following the adjudication of neglected or 

abused minor under Section 2-3 of the Juvenile Court Act of 1987 or dependent minor under 

Section 2-4 of that Act.” 750 ILCS 50/1(D)(m)(i) (West 2016). “Reasonable efforts relate to 

the goal of correcting the conditions that caused the removal of the child from the parent 

[citation], and are judged by a subjective standard based upon the amount of effort that is 

reasonable for a particular person.” In re Daphnie E., 368 Ill. App. 3d 1052, 1066-67 (2006). 

The reviewing court must determine whether the parent has made “earnest and conscientious” 

strides toward correcting the conditions that led to the removal of the minor. In re B.S., 317 Ill. 

App. 3d 650, 658 (2000), overruled on other grounds by In re R.C., 195 Ill. 2d 291 (2001). 

“Parental deficiencies collateral to the conditions that were the basis for the child’s removal, 
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even if serious enough to prevent the return of the child, are outside the scope of this inquiry 

and are therefore not relevant.” In re C.M., 305 Ill. App. 3d 154, 164 (1999). 

¶ 25 The evidence reveals that Richard failed to make reasonable efforts to correct the 

conditions that were the basis for L.J.S.’s removal. The February 28, 2017, report shows that 

Richard did not communicate with CYFS while he was in jail. The report also stated that 

Richard had not cooperated with CYFS to participate in services. Although Richard testified 

that he had participated in sex offender treatment, the trial court relied on McAdams’s 

testimony that, to her knowledge, defendant did not engage in any services because Richard 

refused to sign any releases to allow her to verify his participation. In re T.D., 268 Ill. App. 3d 

239, 245 (1994) (“Reviewing courts accord the trial court’s findings great deference in 

recognition of its unique ability to assess the credibility of witnesses.”). The trial court 

reasonably inferred that Richard’s statement that he did not think he needed to communicate 

with the caseworker and his refusal to sign releases indicated his defiance of his obligation to 

comply with the service plan. See id. Despite Richard’s testimony that he lived by himself in 

Silvis and, later, in Moline after he was released from prison and that he was receiving SSI, 

there is also no evidence that the housing or income were “appropriate” or that any servicing 

agency was notified about this information. There is similarly no evidence that he completed 

his integrated assessment during the relevant nine-month period. Thus, we find that the trial 

court’s ruling that Richard failed to make reasonable efforts during the applicable period was 

not against the manifest weight of the evidence. Because that finding is adequate basis for the 

court’s determination that Richard was unfit, there is no need to address whether Richard made 

reasonable progress toward the return of L.J.S. See In re C.W., 199 Ill. 2d at 210. 

¶ 26 CONCLUSION 

¶ 27 The judgment of the circuit court of Will County is affirmed. 

¶ 28 Affirmed.