[Cite as State v. Sutherly, 2016-Ohio-1574.]

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO 

THIRD APPELLATE DISTRICT 

ALLEN COUNTY 

 

STATE OF OHIO, 

 PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE, CASE NO. 1-15-34 

 v. 

CODY J. SUTHERLY, O P I N I O N 

 DEFENDANT-APPELLANT. 

 

Appeal from Lima Municipal Court 

Trial Court No. 14CRB3763 

Judgment Reversed 

Date of Decision: April 18, 2016 

 

APPEARANCES: 

 

Joseph A. Benavidez for Appellant 

 John R. Payne for Appellee 
Case No. 1-15-34 

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ROGERS, J. 

{¶1} Defendant-Appellant, Cody Sutherly, appeals the judgment of the 

Lima Municipal Court convicting him of one count of public indecency and 

sentencing him to 180 days in jail, 90 of which were suspended, and imposing a 

fine and court costs. On appeal, Sutherly argues that the verdict was not supported 

by sufficient evidence. Further, he argues that the verdict was against the manifest 

weight of the evidence. For the reasons that follow, we reverse the judgment of 

the trial court. 

{¶2} On October 27, 2014, a criminal complaint was filed in the Lima 

Municipal Court charging Sutherly with one count of public indecency in violation 

of R.C. 2907.09(A)(3), a misdemeanor of the first degree. An amended complaint 

was filed on November 14, 2014, charging Sutherly with the same crime, but 

omitted reference to the degree of misdemeanor being charged. 

{¶3} On December 10, 2014, the case was dismissed without prejudice 

because the State had failed to serve Sutherly with the Summons. This dismissal 

was vacated, purportedly due to a clerical error, on December 16, 2014. 

{¶4} Sutherly entered a plea of not guilty on December 26, 2014. 

{¶5} The matter proceeded to a jury trial held on August 7, 2015. After 

deliberating, the jury found Sutherly guilty of public indecency. The case 

proceeded immediately to sentencing. The trial court sentenced Sutherly to 180 
Case No. 1-15-34 

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days in jail, 90 of which were suspended, and imposed a fine of $250 and court 

costs. 

{¶6} Sutherly filed this timely appeal, presenting the following assignment 

of error for our review. 

Assignment of Error

THE JURY ERRED IN FINDING APPELLANT GUILTY AS 

THE VERDICT WAS AGAINST THE MANIFEST WEIGHT 

OF [SIC] EVIDENCE AND THERE WAS INSUFFICIENT 

EVIDENCE TO HAVE FOUND ALL ESSENTIAL 

ELEMENTS OF THE OFFENSE BEYOND A REASONABLE 

DOUBT. 

{¶7} Before we can address the merits of Sutherly’s appeal, we must first 

determine if the trial court possessed jurisdiction to vacate its dismissal of the 

amended complaint. Although jurisdiction was not raised by anyone in this case, 

this court is “bound to raise any jurisdictional questions not raised by the parties.” 

Levinsky v. Boardman Twp. Civ. Serv. Comm., 7th Dist. Mahoning No. 04 MA 36, 

2004-Ohio-5931, ¶ 26. Accordingly, on February 17, 2016, this court issued an 

entry ordering the parties to brief the following two issues: (1) whether the “error,” 

which served as the trial court’s basis for vacating the dismissal, was in fact 

clerical; and (2) whether the trial court retained jurisdiction to vacate its previous 

order. 

{¶8} On February 29, 2016, the State filed a motion to supplement the 

appellate record pursuant to App.R. 9(D). In its motion, the State sought to 
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include a copy of the original summons, which included a file stamp performed by 

the officer charged with servicing the summons, that it argued would clarify the 

State’s position. Specifically, the State argued that the “clerical error” was when 

the officer file stamped and returned the summons to the clerk’s office for the 

reason of being expired on December 1, 2014. The summons was filed in the 

clerk’s office on December 2, 2014. However, the time had not expired as of 

December 1, 2014. Thus, the State seeks to supplement the record to include a 

copy of the original summons to the amended complaint, which shows the file 

stamp prepared by the officer. Upon review, the State’s motion to supplement the 

record is granted. 

{¶9} The same day, the State filed its supplemental brief addressing the 

questions posed by this court.1

{¶10} “It is well-settled that trial courts lack authority to reconsider their 

own valid judgments in criminal cases, with two exceptions: (1) when a void 

sentence has been imposed, and (2) when the judgment contains a clerical error.” 

State v. Roehrig, 3d Dist. Defiance No. 4-15-15, 2015-Ohio-5187, ¶ 9, citing State 

v. Miller, 127 Ohio St.3d 407, 2010-Ohio-5705, ¶ 14 and State v. Burton, 12th 

Dist. Clermont No. CA2013-09-071, 2014-Ohio-1692, ¶13. 

 

1

 Sutherly did not file a supplemental brief addressing the questions contained in this court’s February 17, 

2016 order. 
Case No. 1-15-34 

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{¶11} Crim.R. 36 grants trial courts the power to correct clerical mistakes 

in a judgment sua sponte. A clerical error or mistake has been defined as “a 

mistake or omission, mechanical in nature and apparent on the record, which does 

not involve a legal decision or judgment.” State v. Lester, 130 Ohio St.3d 303, 

2011-Ohio-5204, ¶ 18. Importantly, “While courts have inherent authority to 

correct clerical errors in judgment entries so that the record speaks the truth, nunc 

pro tunc entries are limited in proper use to reflecting what the court actually 

decided, and not what the court might or should have decided or what the court 

intended to decide.” (Emphasis sic) State v. Waltz, 12th Dist. Clermont No. 

CA2013-10-077, 2014-Ohio-2474, ¶ 16, citing Lester at ¶ 18. 

{¶12} Clerical errors are not limited to mistakes made by a clerk. Rather, 

“[t]he phrase merely describes the type of error identified with mistakes in 

transcription, alteration or omission of any papers and documents which are 

traditionally or customarily handled or controlled by clerks but which papers or 

documents may be handled by others.” Oliva v. Maurer, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 

60298, 1991 WL 68857, *1 (May 2, 1991). “A decision as to whether the file 

stamp date on a document is incorrect would certainly fall under Civ.R. 60(A).” 

State v. Miller, 4th Dist. Ross Nos. 99CA2506, 00CA2539, 2000 WL 1273467, *2 

(Aug. 31, 2000) (analyzing whether the incorrect date on the file stamp constituted 

a clerical error). 
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{¶13} The December 10, 2014 dismissal, in this case, was a valid judgment. 

It did not involve Sutherly’s sentence. Therefore, the only way the trial court 

could reconsider its decision was if there was a clerical error contained in the 

dismissal. The State argues that the officer’s return of the summons as being 

expired constituted a clerical error. We are not persuaded. 

{¶14} Although the officer may have made a mistake by returning the 

summons as expired when, in reality, it was not expired, there is no possible way 

to interpret this mistake as a clerical error for the purposes of Crim.R. 36. 

Corrections made under either Crim.R. 36 or Civ.R. 60(A) are appropriate so that 

the record speaks the truth. Therefore, in one case, a nunc pro tunc entry was 

appropriate to correct the filing date of a petition for post-conviction relief 

originally found to have been untimely filed. See Miller at *2. In Miller, the 

petition was received by the clerk’s office on August 2, but was file stamped on 

August 3. Id. at *1. This caused the defendant’s petition to be untimely, and 

therefore his Civ.R. 60(A) motion should have been granted. Id. at *3. 

{¶15} On the date the officer file stamped the summons as being “returned 

unserved,” Sutherly had yet to be served with the summons. There was no 

inaccuracy in that respect. In regard to clerical errors, courts are most concerned 

with having the record accurately reflect what actually occurred. Here, there is 

nothing in the record to suggest that the officer inadvertently returned the 
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summons for failure to serve Sutherly when he or she had, in fact, served Sutherly. 

Rather, the face of the summons clearly shows that Sutherly was not served at the 

time the summons was returned. Although the servicing officer was incorrect with 

his or her conclusion that the time for service had expired, this does not change the 

fact that the summons was returned as being unserved. Nunc pro tunc entries are 

only appropriate to correct the record so that it speaks the truth. In this case, the 

summons speaks the truth because Sutherly had not been served when it was 

returned. 

{¶16} Irrespective of our finding that the mistake in this case did not 

constitute a clerical error, the State argues that the trial court retained jurisdiction 

because the court’s original dismissal was a voidable judgment. Assuming, 

arguendo, that the State is correct in its opinion that the original dismissal was 

voidable, this does not change the outcome of this case. A voidable judgment 

remains a binding legal judgment unless the party seeking to invalidate the 

judgment takes the proper steps to do so. See State v. Holcomb, 184 Ohio App.3d 

577, 2009-Ohio-3187, ¶ 7 (9th Dist.), quoting Tari v. State, 117 Ohio St. 481, 493-

494 (1927). In this case, no motion or appeal was filed by the State attacking the 

validity of the dismissal. Rather, the trial court, sua sponte, vacated its earlier 

dismissal. Thus, we find that the dismissal remains a final judgment in this case. 
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{¶17} Further, this court has recently found that a trial court lacks 

jurisdiction to reopen a case, sua sponte, which was previously dismissed. See 

E.H v. T.S., 3d Dist. Hardin No. 6-15-07, 2015-Ohio-5444, ¶ 5. We see no reason 

to find otherwise in this case. Thus, the trial court lacked jurisdiction to vacate its 

previous dismissal. As a result, Sutherly’s conviction and sentence are rendered 

void. 

{¶18} Given our resolution of the case, Sutherly’s assignment of error is 

rendered moot. App.R. 12(A)(1)(c). 

{¶19} Having found error prejudicial to Sutherly, we reverse Sutherly’s 

conviction and sentence. 

Judgment Reversed 

WILLAMOWSKI, J., concurs in judgment only. 

SHAW, P.J., dissents. 

/jlr