# Patent

## Title
Pneumatic projectile launching apparatus with partition-loading apparatus

## Abstract

An improved pneumatic launching apparatus is disclosed having both a partition apparatus for enabling a projectile, such as filled capsules used in paintball, marking devices or crowd control, to be loaded and readied for expulsion and a venting-pressure regulator. When the partition apparatus is in an open position, an aperture is exposed allowing a projectile of complimentary size and shape to transfer to the receiving chamber. The shape of the partition is such that a next projectile is gently cradled and separated from the receiving chamber during a closing movement. Further, the partition facilitates the projectile reaching a containing area and it creates a seal that on the chamber that significantly inhibits the escape of pressurized gas during a firing operation and facilitates the projectile loading into a containing area. The venting-pressure regulator utilizes opposed pistons with an escape mechanism to allow venting to occur without requiring a separate adjustment.

## Background
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
This is a continuation-in-part of patent application Ser. No. 10/067,228,, filed Feb. 7, 2002, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,520,171. I hereby claim the benefit under Title 35,, United States, §120, of the prior, co-pending United States application listed below and, insofar as the subject matter of each of the claims of this application is not disclosed in the manner provided by the first paragraph of Title 35,, United States Code §112,, I acknowledge the duty to disclose material information as defined in Title 37,, Code of Federal Regulations, §1.56(a), which occurred between the filing date of this application and the national or PCT international filing date of this application Ser. No. 10/067,228,, filed Feb. 7, 2002.


BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to compressed gas powered guns or projectile launching apparatuses that propel projectiles, and more specifically to an improved method for loading and propelling projectiles.
2. Description of Prior Art
Numerous types of compressed gas powered guns have been developed for use in areas such as marking stock animals, non-lethal crowd control, and the tactical sport of paintball. Marking guns typically use compressed gas to fire a projectile, a gelatinous capsule containing a marking material, which breaks on impact with a target.
Compressed gas guns have attained widespread use in the recreational sport of paintball, an activity in which teams compete against each other. When the opposing team marks a player with a gelatinous capsule or pellet, commonly called a paintball, the player is eliminated from the game.
These guns, commonly called paintball markers, generally use a compressed gas cartridge or cylinder as the power source. A paintball pellet, the gelatinous capsule, is propelled from the marker. The projectiles break on impact with the target, dispersing the material to mark the target.
In general, the prior art compressed gas guns, such as those used for paintball, include a typical firearm-type loading mechanism called a bolt to push the projectile into and seal on a barrel before firing and a firing mechanism involving a spring loaded, large mass, hammer is used to strike an exhaust valve. There are several distinct disadvantages to these designs:
a.) the bolt configuration is not conductive to loading the paintball pellets because the geometry of a bolt and a falling sphere are conductive to trapping a projectile as the bolt moves forward;
b.) the bolt is predisposed to jamming when capsules are broken while entering the firing chamber;
c.) the bolt and hammer both require extensive maintenance in the form of lubrication and cleaning; and
d.) the bolt and hammer have a great amount of reciprocating mass, the momentum of which inhibits accuracy.
The disadvantages of the prior art are described in more detail in the following paragraphs:


    a.) In standard bolt design, as a projectile is readied to be loaded, a front view looks like a figure eight with the bottom circle being the firing chamber and the top circle being the projectile to be loaded. As the projectile begins to load, the point of overlap of the ball and the bolt increases. The bolt has no natural lifting or lowering geometry and therefore, cuts, chops, or squashes the projectile.
    b.) The bolt-type mechanism's geometry and movement break the gelatinous capsules. Ideally, a projectile will fall completely into an area known as a breech, the area the ball rests in before being forced into the barrel, by the bolt moving forward. One common problem occurs when the bolt moves forward before the pellet is entirely in the breech, and the bolt crushes the paintball. Once the pellet is crushed, the shell and the gelatinous fill are squirted up into the feed conduit, possibly destroying other pellets, into the breech of the gun, and on the bolt itself, possibly impairing function of the gun. The bolt-type mechanism can also lead to jamming the gun. In some cases, the shell of a broken paintball can become trapped between the bolt and the breech wall and prevent the movement of the bolt, effectively preventing the gun from functioning until it is dismantled and cleaned. Original compressed gas guns had the same problem. However, because they used a hand pump method to move the bolt, reset the hammer, and load pellets more slowly, the problem was not as acute. The development of semi-automatic firing increased the rate of fire and augmented the problem of damaging pellets as they load.
    c.) Typical compressed air guns which use bolts, shuttles, or breech blocks—all of which usually have large mass and move far and fast—require constant maintenance to ensure the bolt and breech are free of debris that may inhibit their movement as well as requiring extensive lubrication to ensure proper operation.
    d.) The large-mass bolt must be moved back and forth to allow feeding of the next projectile. This action creates a source of movement in the gun. A second source of movement in the gun occurs as the large-mass hammer is slammed against the valve to create the exhaust cycle. These motions create a jerky movement before and during the firing cycle that greatly impairs the accuracy.
    e.) Bolt mechanism designs use a small amount of gas to reset the bolt and/or hammer or to cycle a secondary valve to reset the bolt and hammer. That gas is exhausted externally and is not used to propel the projectile.


Therefore, it is desirable to provide an improved pneumatic gun or launching apparatus design which eliminates the bolt and hammer, thus eliminating pellet breakage and jams caused by breakage, reducing part ware, and maintenance while improving accuracy.
Prior art has failed to solve this problem because no design to date has effectively eliminated heavy moving parts and effectively employed an alternate means to load the projectiles and activate the exhaust cycle.
In addition, prior art compressed gas guns, such as those used for paintball, include a standard regulator which has several disadvantages:
a.) They employ face seals which commonly trap debris;
b.) The sealing point of the regulator is inconsistent. Because the face of the sealing surface compresses the seal, over time, the point at which the regulator is set changes.
c.) The output is a diaphragm which has no relief mechanism for venting over pressure;
d.) If the regulator has a vent in the system, it requires a separate adjustment which is usually independent of the regulator adjustment.
SUMMARY
The present invention overcomes the problems of prior loading apparatus designs by providing an improved loading system that uses a moveable partition to separate a projectile in a receiving chamber from a next projectile in a feed conduit and move it to a containing area for propulsion and a single adjustment, opposed-piston, venting regulator. In accordance with one embodiment, the pneumatic launching apparatus includes a compressed gas source, a feed conduit, a receiving chamber, a containing area, a movable partition, an activation means for the partition, an opposed-piston regulator, and a firing means.
In this improved design, the moveable partition, which in the preferred embodiment is a small, generally thin plate with low mass, requires only a light actuating force. The actuating force is far less than that required to damage a projectile, even those as fragile as capsules such as those used as paintballs or pepper balls. This design eliminates mechanical damage to projectiles as they load into the launching device and, in turn, eliminates jams related to broken projectile debris.
In addition, using low-mass parts that are actuated with low force creates increased accuracy due to greater stability while allowing for lower maintenance.
The design is efficient because all of the gas supplied into the system is used to propel the projectile. In addition, consistency of the launching apparatus is improved by using a single adjustment, opposed-piston regulator that vents overpressure and acts as a failsafe if an input seal fails.
These and other features and advantages of the invention will be more readily apparent upon reading the following description of a preferred embodiment of the invention and upon reference to the accompanying drawings.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
In the drawings, each related figure is identified by the figure number and an alphabetic suffix. Individual components within the figures are identified according to the number of the related figure and the number of the individual component.
FIG. 1 illustrates a pneumatic launching apparatus with attached barrel, compressed gas system, and projectile storage device.
FIG. 2 illustrates external components of the pneumatic launching apparatus.
FIG. 3A illustrates passages and cavities within the main body of the pneumatic launching apparatus.
FIG. 3B illustrates passages and cavities within the grip frame of the pneumatic launching apparatus.
FIG. 3C illustrates passages and cavities within the gas system adaptor.
FIG. 4A illustrates the assembled partition activation components in the discharged position.
FIG. 4B illustrates the assembled partition activation components in the charged position.
FIG. 4C illustrates the partition activation components in an exploded view.
FIG. 5A illustrates the assembled exhaust valve components in the charged position.
FIG. 5B illustrates the assembled exhaust valve components in the exhaust position.
FIG. 5C illustrates the exhaust valve components in an exploded view.
FIG. 6A illustrates the assembled transfer valve components in the open position.
FIG. 6B illustrates the assembled transfer valve components in the closed position.
FIG. 6C illustrates the transfer valve components in an exploded view.
FIG. 7A illustrates the assembled regulator components.
FIG. 7B illustrates the input assembly of the regulator in a detailed view.
FIG. 7C illustrates the heart assembly of the regulator in a detailed view.
FIG. 7D illustrates the output assembly of the regulator in a detailed view.
FIG. 7E illustrates the regulator components in an exploded view.
FIG. 8A illustrates the assembled safety and actuator components.
FIG. 8B illustrates the safety assembly parts in an exploded view.
FIG. 8C illustrates the actuator assembly parts in an exploded view.
FIG. 9A illustrates the partition and activating means in a charged position from a top view.
FIG. 9B illustrates the partition and activating means in a discharged position and feed conduit attaching holes.
FIG. 9C illustrates the partition and activating means in a charged position from a side view.
FIG. 9D illustrates the partition and activating means in a discharged position from a side view.
FIG. 10A illustrates gas flow into the regulator past the input piston and the regulated pressure chamber.
FIG. 10B illustrates the unregulated inlet gas being sealed from entering the regulated pressure chamber.
FIG. 10C illustrates gas in the regulated pressure chamber venting excess pressure from the regulated pressure chamber.
FIG. 11 illustrates flow of regulated gas in the pneumatic launching device and relative position of affected components, actuator released, assembly charged.
FIG. 12 illustrates gas in the storage chamber being isolated as the actuator is partially pulled and the transfer valve rod enters its seal.
FIG. 13 illustrates the gas in the storage chamber being exhausted and propelling the projectile as the actuator is fully pulled.
FIG. 14 illustrates the relative position of affected components after exhaust of gas from the storage chamber as the actuator is fully pulled.
FIGS. 15A, C, E, and G are shown in side views illustrating the sequence of a projectile entering the receiving chamber as the partition transitions from open to closed and separates the projectile in the receiving chamber from the others in the feed conduit.
FIGS. 15B, D, F, and H are shown in orthogonal views illustrating the sequence of a projectile entering the receiving chamber as the partition transitions from open to closed and separates the projectile in the receiving chamber from the others in the feed conduit.
FIGS. 16A, C, E, and G are shown in side views illustrating the sequence of a projectile that has not fully entered the receiving chamber as it is cradled and lifted back into the feed conduit and as the partition transitions from open to closed isolating the projectiles in the feed conduit from the receiving chamber.
FIGS. 16B, F, F, and H are shown in orthogonal views illustrating the sequence of a projectile that has not fully entered the receiving chamber as it is cradled and lifted back into the feed conduit and as the partition transitions from open to closed isolating the projectiles in the feed conduit from the receiving chamber.
FIGS. 17A, C, E, and G are shown in side views illustrating the sequence of a projectile entering the receiving chamber as the partition transitions from open to closed and separating the projectile in the receiving chamber from the other in the feed conduit and moving the projectile to the containing area.
FIGS. 17B, D, F, and H are shown in orthogonal views illustrating the sequence of a projectile entering the receiving chamber as the partition transitions from open to closed and separating the projectile in the receiving chamber from the other in the feed conduit and moving the projectile to the containing area.
FIGS. 18A, C, and E illustrate the top view of the feed conduit using different shaped projectiles.
FIGS. 18B, D, and F illustrate the feed conduit and receiving chamber using different shaped projectiles
FIGS. 19A through E illustrate the partition and actuation components in a sequence moving from closed to open to closed encountering the momentum control means and the latching means.
FIGS. 20A, B, C, D, illustrate the top view of the sequence of the partition blocking the aperture using a pivoting movement.
FIGS. 20E, F, G, H, illustrate the top view of the sequence of the partition blocking the aperture by closing inside of the perimeter of the aperture.
FIGS. 20I, J, K, L, illustrate the front view of the sequence of the partition blocking the aperture using a rotational movement following the contour of the receiving chamber perimeter.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Features and Advantages
Accordingly, several features and advantages of this invention are related to the elimination of both the bolt and the hammer, which are large-mass moving parts. By using a small, low-mass, low-force activated partition to separate projectiles as they load into the receiving/firing chamber of the launching apparatus, projectiles cannot be damaged, and therefore, this type of possible jam is eliminated.

    
    
        a.) The geometry of the movable partition takes advantage of complementary geometry which is conducive to lifting or lowering a projectile which has not fully transferred from the loading aperture to the receiving chamber. The movable partition is formed so that it cradles and aids in lifting or lowering the projectile rather than trapping or crushing it.
        b.) The light, moveable partition moves forward with less force than required to crush a gelatinous capsule. Thus, the capsule, which is often used as the projectile, if trapped by the partition remains intact. In the rare case that the partition closes directly on the projectile, it will be held by the partition, the result being that the launching apparatus will exhaust without a projectile one cycle. The next cycle will release the projectile and allow it to load into the receiving/receiving chamber.
        c.) Since the moveable partition will not crush the projectile, debris from broken projectiles is eliminated and, therefore, will not jam the launching apparatus.
        d.) Since the movable partition seals the receiving/firing independent of the projectile, the projectile needs only to be pushed to the barrel, not down it, creating less movement of the projectile and in the marker. In a regular bolt design, the bolt pushes the projectile completely into and usually down the barrel to attain a seal on the chamber.
        e.) Another feature and advantage of this design is reduced maintenance of the launching apparatus. There are fewer moving parts which have less mass and are activated with less force than a standard bolt-operated gun design; thus, there is reduced maintenance and replacement of parts.
        f.) Because there is not bolt or hammer, there is less reciprocating mass which, in turn, creates less motion as the launching apparatus cycles. This results in improved accuracy of the launching apparatus.
        g.) The design is efficient because all of the gas supplied into the system is used to propel the projectile.
        h.) Consistency of the launching apparatus is improved by using an opposed piston regulator that vents overpressure.
    
    


A further advantage over prior art is the opposed-piston regulator design.

    
    
        a.) Because the opposed piston regulator uses circumferential seals rather than face seals, there is less area to trap debris. Any debris which may enter the sealing area will simply be blown out in the next cycle.
        b.) The opposed-piston regulator uses circumferential seals; thus, pressure is not applied to the seal in a way which would change the set operating point. The seal maintains its position, and the set point remains consistent.
        c.) Unlike standard regulators, the opposed-piston regulator provides for an automatic venting mechanism for over pressure. If gas within the regulator expands or exceeds the set pressure for any reason, the pressure of the gas will continue to move the output piston to a point where the piston leaves its seal and vents overpressure until pressure normalizes and the piston returns to its seal, thus creating a failsafe mechanism.
        d.) The opposed-piston design requires only one adjustment. Once the pressure within the regulator is set, any over-pressure within the regulator will automatically move the second piston and provide a venting mechanism without the need for a second adjustment.
    
    


These and other features and advantages of the invention will be more readily apparent upon reading the following description of a preferred embodiment of the invention and upon reference to the accompanying drawings.
Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiment
FIG. 1 illustrates a projectile launching apparatus according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention which is compressed gas powered semi-automatic action apparatus capable of expelling projectiles of like size out of an attached barrel 102. The common use of this apparatus is as a marker or gun to propel gelatinous capsules known as paintballs; however, the projectiles should not be limited to this specific application. A projectile-storage chamber 101, such as a paintball loader, is preferably attached to a feed conduit 202. A compressed gas source 103 is preferably attached to a gas system adapter 235 by means of the threaded cavity 342 to provide a power source to operate the apparatus and propel the projectile.
A gas system adapter 235 attaches to the bottom of a grip frame 220 and directs inlet gas to flow from an external gas source 103 through a filter 233 located in the grip frame 220. A passage 330 extends past the filter 233 and directs the gas into a pressure regulator, which regulates the pressure by means of a spring and piston combination which has its operating pressure determined by the preset on the spring 723 created by pressure adjusting screw 231.
The regulated gas is the directed to a transfer valve assembly FIG. 6A, which controls the flow of gas to storage chamber 307.
The grip frame 220 houses a regulator assembly FIG. 7A. The regulator assembly as shown in FIG. 7A consists of a regulator-input assembly as shown in FIG. 7B, a regulator-heart assembly as shown in FIG. 7C, and a regulator-output assembly as shown in FIG. 7D. An exploded view of the entire regulator FIG. 7A is shown in FIG. 7E.
Regulator-input Assembly as Shown in FIG. 7B
A regulator-input assembly as shown in FIG. 7B is located in cavity 328 of the grip frame 220. FIG. 7B includes of a regulator-input housing 714 with a passage from the input to the output. The output passage is a gland 703, with radial flow passages, which supports a regulator-input seal 716. An input shaft 713 sits within housing 714 axially concentric and extending through seal 716. A return spring 712 sits atop input shaft 713, and a retaining clip 711 sits atop return spring 712 in a groove 701. A seal 715 is located in a groove 702 on the outside of the housing 714.
Regulator-heart Assembly as Shown in FIG. 7C
The regulator-heart assembly as shown in FIG. 7C is located in a cavity 329 of grip frame 220. FIG. 7C includes of a regulator-heart housing 718 which contains concentric input passage 704, output passage 708, and radial passages 705. Passages 705 run from the regulated pressure chamber 727 of the regulator heart 718. Input passage 704 is a gland that supports input seal 716. Output passage 708 is a gland that supports regulator-output seal 719. Regulator-input shaft 713 extends through input passage 704. A seal 717 is located in a groove 706 on the outside of housing 718.
Regulator-output Assembly as Shown in FIG. 7D
The regulator-output assembly FIG. 7D is located in cavity 329 of grip frame 220. FIG. 7D includes a regulator-output housing 720 which contains concentric input passage 709 and output passage 710. Input passage 709 is a gland with radial flow passages that support regulator-output seal 719. Regulator-output housing 720 contains the output shaft 722, which has radial flow passages 721. Output shaft 722 extends through output seal 719 and joins axially to input shaft 713. Main-spring cap 724 sits on the opposite side of and partially contains a main spring 723. The main spring 723 sits partially within output shaft 722. A main-spring cap 724 contains a passage 725. Main-spring cap 724 fits into regulator-output housing 720.
Transfer-valve Assembly as Shown in FIG. 6A
A transfer valve assembly as shown in FIG. 6A is located in a cavity 326 of grip frame 220. FIG. 6C is an exploded view of the components of FIG. 6A. A seal 601 is located at the bottom of cavity 326. The front of a shaft 602 extends through seal 601 and rests against a metal slide 808 in cavity 322. A spring 603 acts against the shaft 602. The opposite side of spring 603 is seated against a plate 604. Plate 604 retains a seal 605 in transfer valve plug 611. A seal 605 is inset into the end of transfer valve plug 611. A passage extends through seal 605 and connects to radial passages 608 located in transfer valve plug 611. Seal 606 is located in groove 607 on the outside of transfer valve plug 611. Seal 609 is located in groove 610 on the outside of transfer valve plug 611.
Partition and Partition-Activation Assembly as Shown in FIG. 4A
The partition-activation assembly as shown in FIG. 4A is located in a cavity 306 in the main body 207. FIG. 4A illustrates components in the discharged position, and FIG. 4B illustrates components in the charged position. FIG. 4C is an exploded view of the components of FIG. 4A. At the bottom of the cavity 306, a seal 401 sits concentrically within the seal 402. A tube 403 is located in cavity 306 and retains the seal 401 and seal 402 in position. A spring 404 is located within tube 403. A rod 405 sits concentrically within spring 404. The notched end of rod 405 extends through the end of tube 403, through seal 401, and into a cavity 343. Plate 406 sits within cavity 313 and retains tube 403 and assembled components contained within cavity 306. Plate 406 is retained with screw 407 which threads into hole 312.
Partition 203 is located in cavity 343. Partition 203 attaches to rod 405 by means of a tab which hooks onto the notched end of rod 405. Rod 405 extends into cavity 343 from the cavity 306. Extension 1701 of partition 203 extends into cavity 302.
The Exhaust-valve Assembly as Shown in FIG. 5A
The exhaust-valve assembly as shown in FIG. 5A is located above metal slide 808 between the main body 207 and the grip frame 220 with the lower portion in cavity 317 and the upper portion in cavity 310. FIG. 5A illustrates exhaust valve assembly in the charged position. FIG. 5B illustrates the exhaust valve assembly in the discharged position. FIG. 5C is an exploded view of the components of FIG. 5A. A bumper 509 sits within an exhaust-valve body 510. A spring 508 sits concentrically within the bumper 509. An exhaust-piston cup 507 attached to an exhaust piston 506 contains spring 508 and sits concentrically within exhaust-valve body 510. The bottom of exhaust piston 506 aligns with a passage 511 located in the bottom of exhaust-valve body 510. An exhaust-valve cap 505 is attached to exhaust-valve body 510 and contains components 506, 507, 508, and 509. The top of exhaust piston 506 extends through exhaust-valve cap 505. A spring 504 with an alignment tab on each end indexes atop cap 505, concentric with the exhaust piston 506. A jet 503 sits atop spring 504 and is indexed by means of a tab on spring 504. Exhaust piston 506 extends through jet 503 and into a seal 501. Seal 501 sits atop jet 503 in cavity 310 in main body 207. Passage 502 in jet 503 directs the exhaust gas to passage 305 in main body 207.
Actuator as Shown in FIG. 8A
An actuator assembly as shown in FIG. 8A is located in cavity 322 of grip frame 220. FIG. 8C is an exploded view of the actuator components. FIG. 8B is an exploded view of the safety components. A pivoting lever 805 is located in front of a metal slide 808. An actuator-movement-limiting screw 807 is located in the top of pivoting lever 805. The pivoting lever 805 is attached to grip frame 220 in cavity 322 by means of a pin 810, located in a hole 315. Pin 810 also retains bearing 806 and supports the front of metal slide 808. A pin 811, located in a hole 318 of grip frame 220, retains bearing 809 and supports the rear of metal slide 808.
A safety assembly FIG. 8B is located behind the front portion of the metal slide 808. The shaft 804 is contained in a hole 316 in grip frame 220. A ball 803 located in a hole 346 sits in one of two grooves in the safety shaft 804. A spring 802 is located atop ball 803 and is retained by a safety screw 801.
An actuator-stop screw 225 is located in a threaded hole 323 in grip frame 220.
Gas-source Adapter as Shown in FIG. 3C
The gas source adaptor 235 as shown in FIG. 3C illustrates passages, cavities, and holes. The gas source adaptor 235 attaches to the bottom of grip frame 220 by means of screw 229 and screw 236. Screw 229 extends through hole 333 of grip frame 220 and attaches at hole 334. Screw 236 extends through hole 336 and attaches at hole 325 of grip frame 220. One end of the gas-source adapter 235 has a threaded cavity 342. A passage 335 extends from the threaded cavity 342 to the top of the gas-source adapter 235. A screw 231 threads into cavity 332 in gas-source adapter 235. A passage 337 runs from the top to the bottom of gas-source adapter 235. Two accessory-attaching holes 339 and 341 are located in the bottom of the gas-source adapter 235. Vent hole 340 runs from threaded cavity 342 to the outside of gas-source adapter 235. Variations in the form of the adapter can be made to accommodate different connection fittings. Different manufacturers' gas sources and related fittings dictate an associated complementary gas source adapter.
Grip Frame as Shown in FIG. 3B
FIG. 3C illustrates passages, cavities, and holes. Grip frame 220 has a cavity 347 which contains a seal 234 that retains a filter 233. A seal 232 is located on the opposite side of a filter 233. A passage 330 leads from the cavity 347 to passage 327 to cavity 328. Cavity 328 contains a regulator input housing assembly FIG. 7B. Cavity 329 attaches to a cavity 328. The cavity 329 contains a regulator heart assembly FIG. 7C and a regulator output assembly FIG. 7D. A passage 324 leads to a cavity 326 that contains a transfer valve assembly FIG. 6A. A passage 320 leads from the cavity 326 to the top of the grip frame 220. At the top of the grip frame 220 is a cavity 319, which retains a seal 219. The cavity 317 retains the bottom portion of an exhaust-valve assembly FIG. 5A.
A screw 224 extends through hole 314 in grip frame 220 and into threaded hole 334 of main body 207. A screw 226 extends through hole 321 in grip frame 220 through hole 346 in the main body 207 and into hole 211 in rear cap 210.
Main Body as Shown in FIG. 3A
FIG. 3A illustrates passages, cavities and holes within a main body 207. The cavity 307 is attached to cavity 313 which contains partition retaining plate 406. The cavity 307 attaches to a cavity 306 which partition-activation assembly FIG. 4A. The cavity 307 attaches to passage 305. Passage 305 intersects with a passage 311 and leads to cavity 310. The passage 311 leads to the bottom of the main body 207 and aligns with passage 320 in grip frame 220. The cavity 310 contains the top portion of an exhaust-valve assembly FIG. 5A. A passage 304 extends from the cavity 310 to a cavity 302 through a diffuser 237 contained in cavity 303. A screw 216 in a hole 309 retains the diffuser 237. The cavity 301 is threaded to allow a barrel 102 to attach coaxially. A first ball positioner 217 extends into the cavity 302 through a hole 345. A screw 218 retains Ball positioner 217. A second ball positioner 212 extends into the cavity 302 through a hole 344. A spring 213 is located below the ball positioner 212 and is retained by a screw 214.
Rear Cap as Shown in FIG. 2
Seal 209 is located in groove 208 of rear cap 210. The rear cap 210 extends into a cavity 307 of the main body 207.
Fore Grip as Shown in FIG. 2
The fore grip 221 attaches to main body 207 by means of washer 222 and screw 223 threaded into hole 308.
Loader Plate as Shown in FIG. 2
The loader plate 202 attaches to main body 207 by means of screw 200 which threads into hole 901 and screw 201 which threads into hole 902.
Description of the Operation of the Invention
Operation of Regulator
A high-pressure gas source 103 is attached to air system adapter 235. The high-pressure gas 726 flows through a passage 335 to a filter 233 in cavity 347 which limits debris from entering the system.
The high-pressure gas flows to the regulator input assembly FIG. 7B. The gas flows past piston 713 and through the input seal 716 to a chamber 727 which contains the regulator output piston 722. As pressure increases, the output piston 722 moves against the regulator main spring 723. The regulator-input piston 713, which is returned by a spring 712, tracks with the output piston 722 to the point where the input piston 713 enters the input seal 716. This action creates a regulated gas pressure chamber determined by the preset on the main spring 723 which is set by the adjuster screw 231 in the air system adapter 235.
Input piston 713, once in the seal 716, rests on a mechanical stop to restrict further movement. The output piston 722 is capable of continued movement on its own against the main spring 723. If there is an increase in pressure in the regulated gas pressure chamber, the output piston 722 will continue to compress the main spring 723 and move out of its seal 719 venting the over-pressure externally through a passage 337 in the air system adapter 235. When pressure drops sufficiently to allow the output piston 722 to re-enter its seal 719, the chamber will maintain regulated pressure.
Operation of the Transfer Valve
The regulated gas in chamber 727 then flows to the transfer valve FIG. 6A. In the open position, the transfer valve piston 602 is held forward by a spring 603 and gas pressure on seal 601 which seals the forward most portion of the piston 602. While the transfer-valve piston 602 remains in the open position, it allows gas to pass through the seal 605 to the radial passages 608 in the transfer valve plug 611.
When the transfer valve piston 602 is moved rearward, it enters a seal 605 which is contained in the end of the transfer valve plug 611. This action effectively seals off the regulated gas pressure from passing through the seal 605.
Operation of Actuator
The pivoting lever 805 is used to provide mechanical advantage against the slide 808 to create movement in it and transfer valve piston 602. The metal slide 808 also contains a cavity 812 in which the bottom portion of exhaust-valve piston 506 can enter and move to its exhaust position.
Operation of the Movable Partition
The partition rod assembly FIG. 4A is sealed within the cavity 306 by a seal stack consisting of a first seal 401 within a second seal 402. A plate 406 and a screw 407 contain the assembly, including the tube 403, spring 404, rod 405, and seals 401 and 402. The partition 203 is contained in cavity 343 by the loader plate 202. Partition 203 is attached to rod 405 by means of a tab in partition 203 and a notch in the partition rod 405. Regulated gas acts against partition rod 405 to moves it to the charged position. Rod 405 with attached partition 203 encounters momentum control means 1901 where its momentum can be altered before its movement is limited by partition 203's closing against a stop. As partition 203 moves to the closed position, it slides between two adjacent projectiles, separating them and lifting the second projectile slightly, sealing the receiving chamber 302, and facilitating the movement of the projectile to containing area 1703 using extension 1701 of partition 203. While gas pressure is present, partition rod 405 is held in the charged position against the compressed spring 404. While not under pressure, partition rod 405 is held in the discharged position by spring 404. While moving to the discharged position rod 405 with attached partition 203 encounters momentum control means 1901 where its momentum can be altered before its movement is limited by partition 203's opening against a stop.
Operation of the Exhaust Valve
The exhaust-valve assembly FIG. 5A is contained within grip frame cavity 317 and supports the exhaust jet 503 and seal 501. A seal 501 with concentric exhaust piston 506 seals gas from escaping from storage chamber 307, FIG. 12. Charged, with metal slide 808 in the forward position, the exhaust valve piston 506 rests on the metal slide 808 as seen in FIG. 11. Gas pressure moves the seal 501 and exhaust jet 503 to the charged position. The regulated gas guides the seal 501 over the exhaust piston 50,6 and it seals both internally on piston 506 and externally in cavity 301. The exhaust jet 503, which rests atop the exhaust valve body cap 505, maintains the seal's position.
When the metal slide 808 is moved rearward, a cavity 812 is exposed below the exhaust piston 506, as seen in FIG. 13. The exhaust piston 506 is opened by the gas in 307, exiting through passage 502 in jet 503. As the gas pressure in cavity 307 dissipates, the exhaust jet 503 is moved to its exhaust position by a spring 504, which in turn moves the seal 501 to its upper-most position, as seen in FIG. 14. Once the gas pressure is exhausted, the exhaust piston 506 returns to its up position by means of the exhaust valve spring 508. The assemblies will maintain this up position until chamber 307 is charged.
Description of Operation—One Semi-Automatic Cycle
The preferred embodiment of one semi-automatic cycle involves supplying compressed gas to the regulator where the output piston 722, under pressure, moves against the main spring 723, as seen in FIG. 10A. The output piston 722 continues its movement until the input piston 713 enters its seal 716 effectively sealing off any further gas from entering the chamber 727, as seen in FIG. 10B. The regulated gas flows through seal 605 of the transfer valve then to storage chamber 307, as seen in FIG. 11. The regulated gas acts to move the partition rod 405 and partition 203 to the closed or charged position. The regulated gas also acts to seal the exhaust-valve seal 501 against exhaust-valve piston 506.
When the pivoting lever 805 is engaged, it in turn moves slide 808 against the transfer valve piston 602, which moves into its seal 605, as seen in FIG. 12A. This action separates the regulated pressure in the regulated pressure chamber from the pressure in the storage chamber 307. The lever 805, slide 808, and transfer valve piston 602 continue to move rearward to the point where cavity 812 is exposed to the exhaust-valve piston 506, as seen in FIG. 13A. The piston 506 is then able to move to its exhaust position and expel the gas held in the storage chamber 307 through a gas diffuser 237. The gas diffuser 237 controls the gas flow to the receiving chamber. The force of the gas causes a projectile to be ejected from the receiving chamber, as seen in FIG. 14A. The pressure exhausted, the exhaust-valve piston 506 returns to the set position. Partition rod 405 and partition 203 move to the open or discharged position. When pivoting lever 805 is disengaged, it allows metal slide 808 to move forward which, in turn, moves cavity 812 from under the exhaust-valve piston 506 and blocks it from moving. This action also allows transfer-valve piston 602 to move out of seal 605 in reaction to force supplied by spring 603, which, in turn, allows gas to flow to the storage chamber 307.
As the regulated gas flows to the storage chamber 307, the pressure in the regulated-pressure chamber 727 decreases. The decrease in pressure causes output shaft 722 to be moved by the compressed spring 723, which in turn moves the input shaft 713 out of its seal 716 allowing the compressed gas to flow into the regulator, as seen in FIG. 10A. This action completes one semi-automatic activation and prepares it for the next cycle.
Alternative Embodiments
Modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in light of the above description. Alternative embodiments may include but should not be limited to the following:

    
    
        The metal slide can become the actuator itself in which a pivoting lever is not used for mechanical advantage.
        Movement means used in the regulator, valving, actuators, partition, momentum control means, latching means, and/or containing area can be selected from the group comprising, but not limited to, mechanical, electro-mechanical, pneumatic, electromagnetic, magnetic, electronic, piezo-electric, sound pressure, foam or activated foam.
        The containing area can be dynamic in that it is adjusted before, during, or after a loading or firing cycle.
        The size or shape of the containing area can be adjusted through use of sleeves.
        Movement of the partition can be selected from, but not limited to, the group comprising sliding, rotating, pivoting, rolling, pushing, dragging, pulling, vibrating, wedging, constricting, contracting, conforming, or orbiting.
        The movable partition apparatus may have an extension such as a lever or pin, which helps the projectile load to the containing area.
        The aperture may be blocked by a partition using more than one element in such a way that the elements meet somewhere within the perimeter of the aperture similar to elevator doors or a camera shutter.
        The partition element may be thin but not generally flat in that it may conform to the perimeter of the receiving chamber to reveal or block the aperture.
        The volume between the exhaust port and the projectile can be varied either statically, such as through the use of spacers, or dynamically during the load/fire cycle to control efficiency, operating pressure or pressure wave applied to the projectile.
        A momentum control means may be used to vary the momentum of the movable partition apparatus.
        Sensors can be used to determine conditions of the process such as projectile loading status or partition location and adjust the cycle rate to those conditions.
        The feed conduit, aperture, receiving chamber and barrel can be changed to accommodate projectiles of different shapes and sizes.
        Different forms of diffusers or control orifices, such as single or multiple holes of various sizes and placement can be used to control the exhaust gas and/or pressure wave that is applied to the projectile.
        A secondary valve can be incorporated behind the projectile possibly into the air diffuser to pneumatically or mechanically help accelerate the projectile from rest prior to or during the first part of the exhaust cycle.
        Transfer-valve seals and pistons can be altered in size to change the balance of pressure on the actuator mechanism thereby altering the performance of the actuator pull and return.
        The exhaust seal and piston can be altered in size to change performance of the exhaust-valve system.
        Other projectile retaining devices such as formed springs, ramps or constriction devices can be incorporated in place of the ball stops.
        Electronic, piezo-electric, magnetic, mechanical, or pneumatic devices may be incorporated as part of the actuating mechanism to enhance performance. This may be done to either lighten the activating force necessary to cycle the apparatus, make it cycle faster (more rapidly), or be used in an automatic mode where one cycle of actuator will result in one or more cycles of the launching apparatus.
    
    


Although the above contains many specificities, these should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention but as merely providing illustrations of some of the alternate embodiments of this invention. For example, the movable partition can have other shapes, such as circular, oval, trapezoidal, triangular, etc., based on the projectile it must accommodate; the compressed gas source could be generated or contained in a variety of ways; and the mechanical movement of the springs in the regulator, actuator or partition can be duplicated with magnetism or other forces.
Thus, the scope of the invention should be determined by the claims and their legal equivalents, rather than by the examples given:

## Claims

1. An apparatus for loading projectiles, comprising:
a projectile feed conduit able to supply at least a single projectile;
a main body to which the projectile feed conduit is coupled;
a receiving chamber formed in the main body for accepting at least a first projectile;
a containing area formed in the main body to control the projectile before propulsion;
a partitioning means that is generally planar and is interposed between the receiving chamber and the projectile feed conduit wherein the partition means is positioned in the main body above the containing area and is movable in between a first and a second position characterized in that
in the first position, an aperture is exposed, such that a first projectile can pass from the feed conduit into the receiving chamber; and
in the second position, the aperture is blocked, and the first projectile in the receiving chamber is positioned in the receiving area and is urged into the containing area by the generally planar partition means and is separated from a second projectile by the generally planar partitioning means located in the projectile feed conduit while the receiving chamber is sealed by the partition means wherein the partitioning means has an element extending into the receiving chamber which affects gas flow to the receiving chamber;

an actuation means for alternatively moving the partitioning means between the first and second positions; and
a biasing means that biases the partition means in the first position wherein the actuation means urges the partition means against the biasing of the biasing means into the second position.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the apparatus is selected from the group consisting of a gun, a marker, or a launching device.

3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the partitioning means' movement is selected from the group consisting of sliding, rotating, constricting, or pivoting.

4. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the partitioning means has an element extending into the receiving chamber which affects gas flow to the receiving chamber.

5. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the receiving chamber defines a perimeter and the partitioning means contours to the receiving chamber's perimeter.

6. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the partitioning means closes at a location within the perimeter of the aperture.

7. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the containing area is at least a portion of the attached barrel.

8. An apparatus for loading projectiles, comprising:
a feed conduit that is able to supply one or more projectiles;
a firing chamber assembly that defines a firing chamber and an aperture substantially above the firing chamber, such that the aperture allows movement, along a first direction having a downward component when the apparatus is in a first orientation, of a projectile from the feed conduit to the firing chamber so as to allow the projectile to be propelled from the firing chamber;
a partition that is generally planar that is movable, along a second direction having a horizontal component when the apparatus is in the first orientation, between first and second positions at a level that is substantially above the firing chamber, such that the partition in the first position allows the projectile to move along the first direction through the aperture from the feed conduit and separates the projectile in the firing chamber from projectiles in the feed conduit to the firing chamber, and the partition in the second position substantially blocks the aperture to substantially seal the firing chamber from the feed conduit and further urges the projectile in the second direction for firing wherein the upper surface of the partition defines a first concave depression that is dimensioned to cradle the projectile and substantially align the projectile with respect to the aperture, while the projectile is in the feed conduit;
an actuator having a compressed gas source coupled to the partition to allow the partition to move between the first and second positions wherein the actuator supplies compressed gas to the firing chamber which can then be used to propel the projectile out of the firing chamber; and
a spring biasing mechanism that engages with the partition so as to bias the partition into the first position wherein the compressed gas of the actuator moves the partition into the second position against the biasing of the spring biasing mechanism to move the partition into the second position.

9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the apparatus is part of a paintball gun.

10. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the partition comprises a generally rectangular shaped member having a first end and a substantially opposite second end, and also having an upper surface and a lower surface, wherein the first end leads the second end when the partition moves from the first position to the second position.

11. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the first concave depression extends from the first end towards the second end, and gradually disappears before reaching the second end.

12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the lower surface defines a second concave depression that has a substantially similar shape as the first concave depression.

13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the shape and locations of the first and second concave depressions allow the partition to urge the projectile either back into the feed conduit or into the firing chamber if the projectile has not completed its movement from the feed conduit to the firing chamber when the partition is in a transition from the first position to the second position, thereby reducing the likelihood that the projectile will be crushed by the partition.

14. A paintball gun, comprising:
a feeding device having capacity to hold a plurality of paintballs;
a firing chamber assembly coupled to the feeding device, wherein the firing chamber assembly defines a firing chamber and an aperture substantially above the firing chamber, such that the aperture allows movement, along a first direction having a downward component when the paintball gun is in a first orientation, of a paintball from the feeding device to the firing chamber so as to allow the paintball to be propelled from the firing chamber;
a partition that is generally planar and movable, along a second direction having a horizontal component when the paintball gun is in the first orientation, between first and second positions at a level that is substantially above the firing chamber, such that the partition in the first position allows the paintball to move along the first direction through the aperture from the feeding device to the firing chamber, and the partition in the second position substantially blocks the aperture to substantially seal the firing chamber from the feeding device and separates the projectile in the firing chamber from partitions in the feeding device wherein the upper surface of the partition defines a first concave depression that is dimensioned to cradle the paintball and substantially align the paintball with respect to the aperture, while the paintball is in the feeding device;
an actuator coupled to the partition to allow the partition to move between the first and second positions;
a barrel couple to the firing chamber;
a biasing spring that engages with the partition so as to bias the partition towards the first position;
a pressurized gas-source that provides energy to propel the paintball from the firing chamber through the barrel wherein the pressurized gas source retains the partition in the second position when under pressure and when pressure is released upon firing the paintball gun, the biasing spring moves the partition to the first position thereby allowing a second projectile to enter the firing chamber.

15. The paintball gun of claim 14, wherein the partition comprises a generally rectangular shaped member having a first end and a substantially opposite second end, and also having an upper surface and a lower surface, wherein the first end leads the second end when the partition moves from the first position to the second position.

16. The paintball gun of claim 14, wherein the first concave depression extends from the first end towards the second end, and gradually disappears before reaching the second end.

17. The paintball gun of claim 16, wherein the lower surface defines a second concave depression that has a substantially similar shape as the first concave depression.

18. The paintball gun of claim 17, wherein the shape and locations of the first and second concave depressions allow the partition to urge the paintball either back into the feeding device or into the firing chamber if the paintball has not completed its movement from the feeding device to the firing chamber when the partition is in a transition from the first position to the second position, thereby reducing the likelihood that the paintball will be crushed by the partition.