No. DA 06-0110 

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF MONTANA 

2007 MT 15N 

 ____________________________________ 

CHRIS MAHONEY, 

 Petitioner and Appellant, 

 v. 

STATE OF MONTANA, 

 Respondent and Respondent. 

 ____________________________________ 

APPEAL FROM: District Court of the Thirteenth Judicial District, 

 In and for the County of Yellowstone, Cause No. DV 05-965, 

 The Honorable Ingrid Gustafson, Presiding Judge. 

COUNSEL OF RECORD: 

 For Appellant: 

Chris Mahoney (pro se), Deer Lodge, Montana 

For Respondent: 

Hon. Mike McGrath, Attorney General; Joslyn Hunt, Assistant Attorney 

General, Helena, Montana 

Dennis Paxinos, County Attorney; Mark Murphy, Deputy County 

Attorney, Billings, Montana 

 ____________________________________ 

Submitted on Briefs: September 26, 2006 

Decided: January 23, 2007 

Filed: 

______________________________________________ 

Clerk 
Justice John Warner delivered the Opinion of the Court. 

¶1 Pursuant to Section 1, Paragraph 3(d)(v), Montana Supreme Court 1996 Internal 

Operating Rules, as amended in 2003, the following memorandum decision shall not be 

cited as precedent. Its case title, Supreme Court cause number and disposition shall be 

included in this Court’s quarterly list of noncitable cases published in the Pacific 

Reporter and Montana Reports. 

¶2 Chris Mahoney (Mahoney) appeals an Order from the Thirteenth Judicial District 

Court, Yellowstone County, denying his petition for postconviction relief and other 

claims. We affirm. 

¶3 On October 18, 1989, Mahoney pled guilty to attempted deliberate homicide, 

attempted sexual intercourse without consent, and use of a dangerous weapon, a knife, in 

the commission of both offenses. On November 22, 1989, he was sentenced to forty 

years in the Montana State Prison for the attempted deliberate homicide charge, eighteen 

years for sexual intercourse without consent, and an additional eight years for the use of 

the knife. All of the sentences were ordered to run consecutively. In addition, Mahoney 

was designated a dangerous offender under § 46-18-404(3), MCA (1989). 

¶4 A person designated a dangerous offender was required to serve one-half of his 

sentence before becoming eligible for parole, while a person without such designation 

would be eligible for parole after serving one-fourth of his sentence. In 1995, the 

Legislature repealed those parts of § 46-18-404, MCA, which established the dangerous 

offender designation. 

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¶5 Mahoney argues that because the title to the 1995 bill which amended § 46-18-404 

contained the word “abolish,” the Legislature meant to eliminate the dangerous offender 

classification from any sentence that had been previously imposed. Thus, Mahoney now 

argues that because the dangerous offender designation was abolished, he became eligible 

for parole after serving only one-fourth of his sentence. 

¶6 We review a district court’s denial of a petition for postconviction relief to 

determine whether the findings of fact are clearly erroneous and whether the conclusions 

of law are correct. Garrett v. State, 2005 MT 197, ¶ 10, 328 Mont. 165, ¶ 10, 119 P.3d 

55, ¶ 10. A petitioner seeking to reverse a district court’s denial of a petition for 

postconviction relief bears a heavy burden. State v. Cobell, 2004 MT 46, ¶ 14, 320 Mont. 

122, ¶ 14, 86 P.3d 20, ¶ 14. 

¶7 After reviewing the record and the lower court Order, we conclude the District 

Court was correct when it found Mahoney’s claim was time-barred. Under the current 

version of § 46-21-102, MCA,1

 a petition for postconviction relief must be brought 

within one year of a defendant’s conviction becoming final. As the lower court noted, 

however, Mahoney failed to bring his petition within one year of either his 1989 

conviction or the Legislature’s repeal of § 46-18-404 in 1995. Even giving Mahoney the 

benefit of § 46-21-102 and its five-year statute of limitations that was in effect both at the 

time he committed his crime and when the Legislature repealed § 46-18-404, Mahoney 

 

1

 Section 46-21-102, MCA, was amended in 1997 to reduce the statute of limitations for filing 

petitions for postconviction relief from five years to one year. The five-year statute of 

limitations was in effect both at the time Mahoney committed the offenses and when the 

Legislature repealed the dangerous offender classification found in § 46-18-404, MCA, of which 

Mahoney now complains. 

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still failed to bring his petition within the appropriate timeframe. Mahoney’s petition 

fails because it is time-barred. 

¶8 Mahoney’s claim also fails on its merits. It is well settled that the statutes in effect 

at the time of the offense are used to determine what sentence is imposed. See State v. 

Tracy, 2005 MT 128, ¶ 16, 327 Mont. 220, ¶ 16, 113 P.3d 297, ¶ 16; Dexter v. Shields, 

2004 MT 159, ¶ 13, 322 Mont. 6, ¶ 13, 92 P.3d 1208, ¶ 13; State v. Muhammad, 2002 

MT 47, ¶ 24, 309 Mont. 1, ¶ 24, 43 P.3d 318, ¶ 24. Here, Mahoney committed and 

confessed to his crimes in 1989. Section 46-18-404(3), MCA, and its dangerous offender 

designation, was in effect at the time Mahoney committed the offenses for which he was 

sentenced. While the title to House Bill 356, 54th Legislature, 1995, did include the term 

“abolish,” the legislation itself merely repealed § 46-18-404, and deleted the 

accompanying references to the dangerous or non-dangerous offender designations in 

other sections of the Montana Code. Moreover, the title to HB 356 actually says it is 

“repealing section 46-18-404.” The 1995 change in the law did not affect Mahoney’s 

parole eligibility date. 

¶9 Finally, the District Court was correct in its determination that Mahoney’s attempt 

to bring this action as one for a declaratory judgment under the Uniform Declaratory 

Judgment Act must fail because what he attempts to do is alter his sentence and not 

challenge a statute. 

¶10 Affirmed. 

 /S/ JOHN WARNER 

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We Concur: 

/S/ KARLA M. GRAY 

/S/ JAMES C. NELSON 

/S/ PATRICIA COTTER 

/S/ W. WILLIAM LEAPHART 

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