I 

119TH CONGRESS 

1ST SESSION H. R. 28 

To amend the Education Amendments of 1972 to provide that for purposes 

of determining compliance with title IX of such Act in athletics, sex 

shall be recognized based solely on a person’s reproductive biology and 

genetics at birth. 

IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 

JANUARY 3, 2025 

Mr. STEUBE (for himself, Mr. WALBERG, Mr. ESTES, Mrs. HOUCHIN, Mr. 

FINSTAD, Mr. HIGGINS of Louisiana, Mr. FULCHER, Ms. MACE, Mr. 

OGLES, Ms. HAGEMAN, Mr. BILIRAKIS, Mr. CRENSHAW, Mr. GOODEN, 

Mr. MEUSER, Mr. JOHNSON of South Dakota, Mr. BRECHEEN, Mr. 

STAUBER, Mr. OWENS, Mr. CISCOMANI, Ms. FOXX, Mr. EZELL, Mr. 

WEBER of Texas, Mrs. CAMMACK, Mr. SELF, Mr. BIGGS of Arizona, Mr. 

BABIN, Mr. NEHLS, Mr. FLEISCHMANN, Mr. KUSTOFF, Mr. BOST, Mr. 

FITZGERALD, Mr. MCCORMICK, Mr. ADERHOLT, Mr. GUEST, Mr. 

FEENSTRA, Mr. WEBSTER of Florida, Mr. DAVIDSON, Mr. ELLZEY, Mr. 

AUSTIN SCOTT of Georgia, Mr. BEAN of Florida, Mr. GREEN of Tennessee, Mr. ZINKE, Mr. ARRINGTON, Mr. SMITH of New Jersey, Mr. 

COMER, Mr. HUDSON, Mrs. MILLER of Illinois, Mrs. MILLER of West 

Virginia, Mr. HUIZENGA, Mr. MOORE of West Virginia, Mrs. BIGGS of 

South Carolina, Mr. CRANK, Mr. BUCHANAN, Mr. SCOTT FRANKLIN of 

Florida, Ms. DE LA CRUZ, Mr. SMITH of Missouri, and Mr. BURLISON) 

introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on 

Education and Workforce 

A BILL 

To amend the Education Amendments of 1972 to provide 

that for purposes of determining compliance with title 

IX of such Act in athletics, sex shall be recognized based 

solely on a person’s reproductive biology and genetics 

at birth. 


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•HR 28 IH

1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 

3 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 

4 This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Protection of Women 

5 and Girls in Sports Act of 2025’’. 

6 SEC. 2. AMENDMENT. 

7 Section 901 of the Education Amendments of 1972 

8 (20 U.S.C. 1681) is amended by adding at the end the 

9 following: 

10 ‘‘(d)(1) It shall be a violation of subsection (a) for 

11 a recipient of Federal financial assistance who operates, 

12 sponsors, or facilitates an athletic program or activity to 

13 permit a person whose sex is male to participate in an 

14 athletic program or activity that is designated for women 

15 or girls. 

16 ‘‘(2) For the purposes of this subsection, sex shall 

17 be recognized based solely on a person’s reproductive biol18 ogy and genetics at birth. 

19 ‘‘(3) For the purposes of this subsection, the term 

20 ‘athletic programs and activities’ includes, but is not lim21 ited to, all programs or activities that are provided condi22 tional upon participation with any athletic team. 

23 ‘‘(4) Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to 

24 prohibit a recipient from permitting males to train or 

25 practice with an athletic program or activity that is desVerDate Sep 11 2014 23:13 Jan 13, 2025 Jkt 059200 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\H28.IH H28

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1 ignated for women or girls so long as no female is deprived 

2 of a roster spot on a team or sport, opportunity to partici3 pate in a practice or competition, scholarship, admission 

4 to an educational institution, or any other benefit that ac5 companies participating in the athletic program or activ6 ity. 

7 ‘‘(5) The Comptroller General shall carry out a study 

8 to determine the meaning of the phrase ‘any other benefit’ 

9 as used in paragraph (4) by looking at benefits to women 

10 or girls of participating in single sex sports that would 

11 be lost by allowing males to participate. The study shall 

12 document the adverse psychological, developmental, 

13 participatory, and sociological results to girls of allowing 

14 males to compete, be members of a sports team, or partici15 pants in athletic programs, that are designed for girls, in16 cluding displacement or discouragement from sports par17 ticipation, deprivation of a roster spot on a team or sport, 

18 loss of the opportunity to participate in a practice or com19 petition, loss of a scholarship or scholarship opportunities, 

20 loss or displacement of admission to an educational insti21 tution, deprivation of the benefit of an environment free 

22 of hostility based on sexual assault or harassment, or loss 

23 of any other benefit that accompanies participating in the 

24 athletics program or activity. Further, the Comptroller 

25 General shall submit to the Committee on Education and 


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1 Workforce of the House of Representatives and the Com2 mittee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions of the 

3 Senate a report that contains the results of such study.’’. 

Æ 


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