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MEMORANDUM OPINION

No. 04-07-00455-CR

Armando G. CONSTANTE,

Appellant

v.

The STATE of Texas,

Appellee

From 187th Judicial District Court, Bexar County, Texas

Trial Court No. 2006-CR-0505

Honorable Raymond Angelini, Judge Presiding

Opinion by: Rebecca Simmons, Justice

Sitting: Alma L. López, Chief Justice

Phylis J. Speedlin, Justice

Rebecca Simmons, Justice

Delivered and Filed: July 23, 2008

AFFIRMED

Appellant Armando G. Constante was charged with the felony offense of driving while

intoxicated, enhanced with six prior driving while intoxicated convictions. After his motion to

quash the indictment and his motion to dismiss the enhancement allegation were denied by the trial

court, Constante entered a plea of no contest. Pursuant to a plea bargain, the trial court sentenced

Constante to five years confinement in the Institutional Division of the Texas Department of

Criminal Justice. Because the trial court properly applied Texas Penal Code section 49.09(e), in

effect at the time of Constante’s arrest, we affirm the judgment of the trial court.
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FACTUAL BACKGROUND

Constante was arrested for driving while intoxicated (“DWI”) on August 30, 2005. In its

indictment, the State alleged six prior convictions for purposes of elevating Constante’s offense

from a misdemeanor to a felony and reserved a June 4, 1988 felony conviction to enhance

Constante’s punishment as a habitual offender for punishment purposes. Trial counsel subsequently

filed a “Motion to Quash and Exception to Substance of Indictment and in the Alternative, Motion

to Dismiss Enhancement Allegation.” Constante argued that the previous convictions could not be

used for enhancement because Texas Penal Code section 49.09(e), in effect at the time of the

offense, prohibited the same. Constante’s sole issue on appeal is that the trial court lacked

jurisdiction to hear the case because the prior convictions were too remote for felony enhancement

purposes. 

STANDARD OF REVIEW

Constante’s assertion that the trial court misapplied Texas Penal Code section 49.09 is a

matter of statutory construction, which is a legal question that we review de novo. Ceballos v. State,

246 S.W.3d 369, 371 (Tex. App.—Austin 2008, pet. ref’d); Jones v. State, 175 S.W.3d 927, 930

(Tex. App.—Dallas 2005, no pet.). In construing a statute, an appellate court’s primary objective

is to ascertain and give effect to the Legislature’s intent. Boykin v. State, 818 S.W.2d 782, 785

(Tex. Crim. App. 1991). In doing so, we look first to the plain and common meaning of the

language of the statute, “because the text is the only definitive evidence of what the legislators . . .

had in mind.” Id. (emphasis in original); TEX. GOV’T CODE ANN. § 311.011(a) (Vernon 2005)

(“Words and phrases shall be read in context and construed according to the rules of grammar and

common usage.”). 
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TEXAS PENAL CODE ANN. § 49.09(e)

The Court of Criminal Appeals opinion in Getts v. State, 155 S.W.3d 153, 155-56

(Tex. Crim. App. 2005), is dispositive of this issue. Getts was charged with a felony DWI based on

two prior DWI convictions from 1997 and 1984. On appeal, Getts argued the prior convictions were

too remote in time to elevate the offense to a third degree felony. Id. at 154. The Getts Court

analyzed section 49.09(e) which prior to its September 1, 2005 revision provided: 

Except as provided by Subsection (f), a conviction may not be used for

purposes of enhancement under this section if:

(1) the conviction was a final conviction under Subsection (d);

(2) the offense for which the person is being tried was committed more than

 10 years after the latest of:

 (A) the date on which the judgment was entered for the previous

 conviction;

 (B) the date on which the person was discharged from any period of

community supervision on which the person was placed for the

previous conviction;

 (C) the date on which the person successfully completed any period

of parole on which the person was released after serving a

 portion of the term to which the person was sentenced for the

 previous conviction; or

 (D) the date on which the person completed serving any term for

 which the person was confined or imprisoned for the previous

 conviction; . . . .

Id. at 155. Act of Sept. 1, 2003, 78th Leg., R.S., ch. 1275, § 2(117), 2003 Tex. Gen. Laws 4147,

4147, repealed by Act of Sept. 1, 2005, 79th Leg., R.S., ch. 996, § 3 (effective September 1, 2005).

First and foremost, the Getts Court explained that because subsection (e) states “a conviction

may not be used,” the subsection applies to prior convictions individually, and not collectively.

Getts, 155 S.W.3d at 155-56. Thus, an appellate court must consider one prior conviction at a time.

Id.
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Accordingly, we look to the allegations set forth in the State’s indictment. Under Getts, we

first consider whether the current 2005 offense was more than ten years after the 1987 DWI alleged

in Constante’s indictment. Because we answer in the affirmative, we calculate the time period

between the 1987 final conviction and the current allegation. Since this time period is greater than

ten years, Constante must have been convicted of a DWI offense within ten years of the 1987

conviction. On April 7, 1993, in cause number 91-CR-4362, Constante was convicted of felony

DWI and sentenced to four years confinement in the Institutional Division of the Texas Department

of Criminal Justice. Thus, because all three conditions are met:

(1) The 1987 conviction is a final conviction;

(2) The 2005 offense was committed more than ten years after the 1987 offense; and

(3) Constante was convicted of another alcohol related offense within ten years of the 1987

 conviction, that being the 1993 conviction;

the 1987 and the 1993 convictions are available for enhancement purposes. Getts, 155 S.W.3d at

156-57. 

Constante urges that this leads to an absurd result and we should decline to follow Getts. We

must, however, make note of the Court of Criminal Appeals acknowledgment that, under its

interpretation, “a 100-year-old conviction could be used if the defendant also had a 90-year-old

conviction, but a 12-year-old conviction cannot be used if the other conviction was just 1-year-old.”

Id. at 157. Importantly, the Court explains that there is nothing inherently absurd in a statute

providing that certain prior convictions are available for enhancement purposes but not others. Id.

We are bound by the Court of Criminal Appeals’ interpretation of section 49.09(e) as set forth in

Getts. See Act of Sept. 1, 2003, 78th Leg., R.S., ch. 1275, § 2(117), 2003 Tex. Gen. Laws 4147,

4147, repealed by Act of Sept. 1, 2005, 79th Leg., R.S., ch. 996, § 3 (effective September 1, 2005);

Getts, 155 S.W.3d at 156-57.
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Because the trial court properly applied section 49.09(e), as it was in effect at the time of

Constante’s arrest, we affirm the judgment of the trial court.

Rebecca Simmons, Justice

DO NOT PUBLISH