I 

119TH CONGRESS 

1ST SESSION H. R. 222 

To establish a national commission on fiscal responsibility and reform, and 

for other purposes. 

IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 

JANUARY 7, 2025 

Mr. CASE (for himself, Mr. WOMACK, Mr. PETERS, and Mr. NUNN of Iowa) 

introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on the 

Budget, and in addition to the Committee on Rules, for a period to be 

subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration 

of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned 

A BILL 

To establish a national commission on fiscal responsibility 

and reform, and for other purposes. 

1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 

3 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 

4 This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Sustainable Budget 

5 Act of 2025’’. 

6 SEC. 2. ESTABLISHMENT OF COMMISSION. 

7 (a) ESTABLISHMENT.—Not later than 30 days after 

8 the date of the enactment of this Act, there shall be estabVerDate Sep 11 2014 23:45 Jan 30, 2025 Jkt 059200 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\H222.IH H222

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1 lished within the legislative branch a commission to be 

2 known as the National Commission on Fiscal Responsi3 bility and Reform (referred to in this Act as the ‘‘Commis4 sion’’). 

5 (b) MEMBERSHIP.— 

6 (1) COMPOSITION OF COMMISSION.—A Commis7 sion shall be composed of 18 members of whom— 

8 (A) six members shall be appointed by the 

9 President, of whom not more than 4 shall be 

10 from the same political party; 

11 (B) three members shall be appointed by 

12 the majority leader of the Senate, from among 

13 current Members of the Senate; 

14 (C) three members shall be appointed by 

15 the Speaker of the House of Representatives, 

16 from among current Members of the House of 

17 Representatives; 

18 (D) three members shall be appointed by 

19 the minority leader of the Senate, from among 

20 current Members of the Senate; and 

21 (E) three members shall be appointed by 

22 the minority leader of the House of Representa23 tives, from among current Members of the 

24 House of Representatives. 


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1 (2) INITIAL APPOINTMENTS.—Initial appoint2 ments to the Commission shall be made not later 

3 than 60 days after the establishment of the Commis4 sion. 

5 (3) VACANCY.—A vacancy on the Commission 

6 shall be filled in the same manner as the initial ap7 pointment. 

8 (c) CO-CHAIRPERSONS.—From among the members 

9 appointed under paragraph (1), the President shall des10 ignate 2 members, who shall not be of the same political 

11 party, to serve as Co-Chairpersons of the Commission. 

12 (d) QUALIFICATIONS.—Members appointed to the 

13 Commission shall have significant depth of experience and 

14 responsibilities in matters relating to government service, 

15 fiscal policy, economics, Federal agency management or 

16 private sector management, public administration, and 

17 law. 

18 (e) DUTIES.— 

19 (1) IN GENERAL.—The Commission shall iden20 tify policies to improve the fiscal situation in the me21 dium term and to achieve fiscal sustainability over 

22 the long term. 

23 (2) REQUIREMENTS.—In carrying out para24 graph (1), the Commission shall— 


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1 (A) propose recommendations designed to 

2 balance the budget, excluding interest payments 

3 on the debt, by the end of the 10-year period 

4 beginning on the date on which the Commission 

5 is established, in order to stabilize the debt-to6 GDP ratio at an acceptable level; and 

7 (B) propose recommendations that mean8 ingfully improve the long-term fiscal outlook, 

9 including changes to address the growth of enti10 tlement spending and the gap between the pro11 jected revenues and expenditures of the Federal 

12 Government. 

13 (f) REPORTS.— 

14 (1) IN GENERAL.— 

15 (A) FINAL REPORT.—Not later than 1 

16 year after the date on which members are ap17 pointed to the Commission under subsection 

18 (b), the Commission shall vote on the approval 

19 of a final report containing the recommenda20 tions required under subsection (e). 

21 (B) INTERIM REPORTS.—At any time after 

22 the date on which members are appointed and 

23 prior to voting on the approval of a final report 

24 under subparagraph (A), the Commission may 

25 vote on the approval of an interim report conVerDate Sep 11 2014 23:45 Jan 30, 2025 Jkt 059200 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\H222.IH H222

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1 taining such recommendations described in sub2 section (e) as the Commission may provide. 

3 (2) APPROVAL OF REPORT.—The Commission 

4 may only issue a report under this subsection if— 

5 (A) the report is approved by not less than 

6 12 members of the Commission; and 

7 (B) of the members approving the report, 

8 at least 4 are members of the same political 

9 party to which the Speaker of the House of 

10 Representatives belongs and at least 4 are 

11 members of the same political party to which 

12 the minority leader of the House of Representa13 tives belongs. 

14 (3) SUBMISSION OF REPORT TO CONGRESS.— 

15 Each report approved under this subsection shall be 

16 submitted to Congress and made available to the 

17 public. 

18 (g) POWERS OF THE COMMISSION.— 

19 (1) HEARINGS.—The Commission may hold 

20 such hearings, sit and act at such times and places, 

21 take such testimony, and receive such evidence as 

22 the Commission considers advisable to carry out the 

23 duties of the Commission described in subsection (e). 

24 (2) INFORMATION FROM FEDERAL AGENCIES.— 

25 The Commission may secure directly from any FedVerDate Sep 11 2014 23:45 Jan 30, 2025 Jkt 059200 PO 00000 Frm 00005 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\H222.IH H222

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1 eral agency such information as the Commission 

2 considers necessary to carry out the duties of the 

3 Commission described in subsection (e). Upon re4 quest from the Co-Chairpersons of the Commission, 

5 the head of the Federal agency shall provide the in6 formation requested to the Commission. 

7 (3) POSTAL SERVICES.—The Commission may 

8 use the United States mail in the same manner and 

9 under the same conditions as other departments and 

10 agencies of the Federal Government. 

11 (4) WEBSITE.— 

12 (A) CONTENTS.—The Commission shall es13 tablish a website that shall contain— 

14 (i) the recommendations required 

15 under subsection (e); and 

16 (ii) the records of attendance of the 

17 members of the Commission for each meet18 ing of the Commission. 

19 (B) DATE OF PUBLICATION.—The Com20 mission shall publish a recommendation or 

21 record of attendance described under subpara22 graph (A) on the website established under 

23 such subparagraph not later than 72 hours 

24 after the conclusion of the meeting at which 


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1 such recommendation is made or at which such 

2 record of attendance is taken. 

3 (h) ASSISTANCE OF OTHER LEGISLATIVE BRANCH

4 ENTITIES.— 

5 (1) GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY OFFICE.— 

6 The Comptroller General shall provide technical as7 sistance to the Commission, as the Commission con8 ducts the work of the Commission, on the findings 

9 and recommendations of the Government Account10 ability Office. 

11 (2) CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE.—The 

12 Director of the Congressional Budget Office shall 

13 provide technical assistance to the Commission, as 

14 the Commission conducts the work of the Commis15 sion, on the findings and recommendations of the 

16 Congressional Budget Office. 

17 (3) JOINT COMMITTEE ON TAXATION.—The 

18 chair of the Joint Committee on Taxation shall pro19 vide technical assistance to the Commission, as the 

20 Commission conducts the work of the Commission, 

21 on the findings and recommendations of the Joint 

22 Committee on Taxation. 

23 (i) PERSONNEL MATTERS.— 

24 (1) IN GENERAL.—Members of the Commission 

25 shall serve without any additional compensation. 


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1 (2) TRAVEL EXPENSES.—Members of the Com2 mission shall be allowed travel expenses, including 

3 per diem in lieu of subsistence, at rates authorized 

4 for employees of agencies under subchapter I of 

5 chapter 57 of title 5, United States Code, while 

6 away from their homes or regular places of business 

7 in the performance of services for the Commission. 

8 (3) STAFF.— 

9 (A) IN GENERAL.—The Co-Chairpersons of 

10 the Commission, may without regard to the civil 

11 service laws and regulations, appoint and termi12 nate an executive director and such other addi13 tional personnel as may be necessary to enable 

14 the Commission to perform its duties. The em15 ployment of an executive director shall be sub16 ject to confirmation by the Commission. 

17 (B) COMPENSATION.—The Co-Chairper18 sons of the Commission may fix the compensa19 tion of the executive director and other per20 sonnel without regard to the provisions of chap21 ter 51 and subchapter III of chapter 53 of title 

22 5, United States Code, relating to the classifica23 tion of positions and General Schedule pay 

24 rates, except that the rate of pay for the execu25 tive director and other personnel may not exVerDate Sep 11 2014 23:45 Jan 30, 2025 Jkt 059200 PO 00000 Frm 00008 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\H222.IH H222

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1 ceed the rate payable for level V of the Execu2 tive Schedule under section 5613 of such title. 

3 (4) DETAIL OF GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEES.— 

4 Any Federal Government employee may be detailed 

5 to the Commission without reimbursement, and such 

6 detail shall be without interruption or loss of civil 

7 service status or privilege. 

8 (5) PROCUREMENT OF TEMPORARY AND INTER9 MITTENT SERVICES.—The Co-Chairpersons of each 

10 Commission may procure temporary and intermit11 tent services under section 3109(b) of title 5, United 

12 States Code, at rates for individuals which do not 

13 exceed the daily equivalent of the annual rate of 

14 basic pay prescribed for level V of the Executive 

15 Schedule under section 5316 of such title. 

16 (j) TERMINATION OF THE COMMISSION.—The Com17 mission established shall terminate 30 days after the date 

18 on which the Commission submits the final report of the 

19 Commission under subsection (f). 

20 (k) RULES OF CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in this Act 

21 shall be construed to— 

22 (1) impair or otherwise affect— 

23 (A) authority granted by law to an execu24 tive department, agency, or the head thereof; or 


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1 (B) functions of the Director of the Office 

2 of Management and Budget relating to budg3 etary, administrative, or legislative proposals; or 

4 (2) create any right or benefit, substantive or 

5 procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any 

6 party against the United States, its departments, 

7 agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or 

8 agents, or any other person. 

9 (l) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.— 

10 (1) IN GENERAL.—There are authorized to be 

11 appropriated to the Commission such sums as may 

12 be necessary to carry out this Act. 

13 (2) AVAILABILITY.—Any sums appropriated 

14 under paragraph (1) shall remain available, without 

15 fiscal year limitation, until expended. 

16 (m) FEDERAL AGENCY DEFINED.—The term ‘‘Fed17 eral agency’’ means an establishment in the executive, leg18 islative, or judicial branch of the Federal Government. 

19 SEC. 3. CONSIDERATION OF COMMISSION RECOMMENDA20 TIONS. 

21 (a) SUBMISSION OF PROPOSED JOINT RESOLU22 TION.—Not later than 60 days after the date on which 

23 the Commission submits a report to Congress under sec24 tion 2(f)(3), the President shall transmit to Congress a 

25 special message on the report, accompanied by a proposed 


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1 joint resolution consisting of legislative language to imple2 ment the recommendations contained in such report. 

3 (b) REQUIREMENTS FOR PREPARATION OF PRO4 POSED JOINT RESOLUTION.— 

5 (1) CONSULTATION WITH CONGRESS.— 

6 (A) IN GENERAL.—The President may not 

7 transmit a proposed joint resolution under sub8 section (a) until after the President completes 

9 consultation with Congress in accordance with 

10 this paragraph. 

11 (B) CONSULTATION WITH COMMITTEES.— 

12 The President shall consult with the chairman 

13 and ranking minority member of each relevant 

14 committee of the Senate or of the House of 

15 Representatives regarding the contents of a 

16 proposed joint resolution. 

17 (C) REQUIREMENTS FOR CONSULTA18 TION.—The consultation required under sub19 paragraph (B) shall provide the opportunity for 

20 the chairman and ranking member of each rel21 evant committee of the Senate or of the House 

22 of Representatives to provide— 

23 (i) recommendations for alternative 

24 means of addressing the recommendations 

25 contained in the Commission report; and 


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1 (ii) recommendations regarding which 

2 recommendations contained in the Com3 mission report should not be addressed in 

4 the proposed joint resolution. 

5 (D) RELEVANT COMMITTEES.—The rel6 evant committees of the Senate and the House 

7 of Representatives for purposes of this para8 graph shall be— 

9 (i) determined by the President; and 

10 (ii) based on the content of the pro11 posed joint resolution. 

12 (2) CONSULTATION WITH GAO AND CBO.—The 

13 President shall prepare a proposed joint resolution 

14 transmitted under subsection (a) in consultation 

15 with the Comptroller General of the United States 

16 and the Director of the Congressional Budget Office. 

17 (c) CONTENTS OF SPECIAL MESSAGE.—A special 

18 message transmitted under subsection (a) shall— 

19 (1) specify recommendations outlined in the 

20 Commission report that are excluded from the pro21 posed joint resolution; 

22 (2) detail why the recommendations described 

23 in paragraph (1) were excluded from the proposed 

24 joint resolution; 


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1 (3) specify recommendations outlined in the 

2 Commission report that are included in the proposed 

3 joint resolution; and 

4 (4) identify programs included in the Commis5 sion report that should be eliminated or consoli6 dated. 

7 (d) TRANSMITTAL.—The President shall submit the 

8 special message to the Secretary of the Senate if the Sen9 ate is not in session and to the Clerk of the House of 

10 Representatives if the House is not in session. 

11 (e) PUBLIC AVAILABILITY.—The President shall 

12 make a copy of the special message and the proposed joint 

13 resolution publicly available, including publicly available 

14 on a website of the President, and shall publish in the 

15 Federal Register a notice of the message and information 

16 on how it can be obtained. 

17 SEC. 4. EXPEDITED CONSIDERATION OF PROPOSED JOINT 

18 RESOLUTION. 

19 (a) QUALIFYING LEGISLATION.— 

20 (1) IN GENERAL.—Only a Commission joint 

21 resolution shall be entitled to expedited consideration 

22 under this section. 

23 (2) DEFINITION.—In this section, the term 

24 ‘‘Commission joint resolution’’ means a joint resolu25 tion which consists solely of the text of the proposed 


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1 joint resolution submitted by the President under 

2 section 3(a). 

3 (b) CONSIDERATION IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENT4 ATIVES.— 

5 (1) INTRODUCTION.—A Commission joint reso6 lution may be introduced in the House of Represent7 atives (by request)— 

8 (A) by the majority leader of the House of 

9 Representatives, or by a Member of the House 

10 of Representatives designated by the majority 

11 leader of the House of Representatives, on the 

12 next legislative day after the date on which the 

13 President submits the proposed joint resolution 

14 under section 3(a); or 

15 (B) if the Commission joint resolution is 

16 not introduced under subparagraph (A), by any 

17 Member of the House of Representatives on any 

18 legislative day beginning on the legislative day 

19 after the legislative day described in subpara20 graph (A). 

21 (2) REFERRAL AND REPORTING.—Any com22 mittee of the House of Representatives to which a 

23 Commission joint resolution is referred shall report 

24 the Commission joint resolution to the House of 

25 Representatives without amendment not later than 


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1 10 legislative days after the date on which the Com2 mission joint resolution was so referred. If a com3 mittee of the House of Representatives fails to re4 port a Commission joint resolution within that pe5 riod, it shall be in order to move that the House of 

6 Representatives discharge the committee from fur7 ther consideration of the Commission joint resolu8 tion. Such a motion shall not be in order after the 

9 last committee authorized to consider the Commis10 sion joint resolution reports it to the House of Rep11 resentatives or after the House of Representatives 

12 has disposed of a motion to discharge the Commis13 sion joint resolution. The previous question shall be 

14 considered as ordered on the motion to its adoption 

15 without intervening motion except 20 minutes of de16 bate equally divided and controlled by the proponent 

17 and an opponent. If such a motion is adopted, the 

18 House of Representatives shall proceed immediately 

19 to consider the Commission joint resolution in ac20 cordance with paragraphs (3) and (4). A motion to 

21 reconsider the vote by which the motion is disposed 

22 of shall not be in order. 

23 (3) PROCEEDING TO CONSIDERATION.—After 

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1 resentatives or has been discharged (other than by 

2 motion) from its consideration, it shall be in order 

3 to move to proceed to consider the Commission joint 

4 resolution in the House of Representatives. Such a 

5 motion shall not be in order after the House of Rep6 resentatives has disposed of a motion to proceed 

7 with respect to the Commission joint resolution. The 

8 previous question shall be considered as ordered on 

9 the motion to its adoption without intervening mo10 tion. A motion to reconsider the vote by which the 

11 motion is disposed of shall not be in order. 

12 (4) CONSIDERATION.—The Commission joint 

13 resolution shall be considered as read. All points of 

14 order against the Commission joint resolution and 

15 against its consideration are waived. The previous 

16 question shall be considered as ordered on the Com17 mission joint resolution to its passage without inter18 vening motion except 2 hours of debate equally di19 vided and controlled by the proponent and an oppo20 nent and 1 motion to limit debate on the Commis21 sion joint resolution. A motion to reconsider the vote 

22 on passage of the Commission joint resolution shall 

23 not be in order. 

24 (5) VOTE ON PASSAGE.—The vote on passage 

25 of the Commission joint resolution shall occur not 


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1 later than 3 legislative days after the date on which 

2 the last committee authorized to consider the Com3 mission joint resolution reports it to the House of 

4 Representatives or is discharged. 

5 (c) EXPEDITED PROCEDURE IN THE SENATE.— 

6 (1) INTRODUCTION IN THE SENATE.—A Com7 mission joint resolution may be introduced in the 

8 Senate (by request)— 

9 (A) by the majority leader of the Senate, 

10 or by a Member of the Senate designated by the 

11 majority leader of the Senate, on the next legis12 lative day after the date on which the President 

13 submits the proposed joint resolution under sec14 tion 3(a); or 

15 (B) if the Commission joint resolution is 

16 not introduced under subparagraph (A), by any 

17 Member of the Senate on any day on which the 

18 Senate is in session beginning on the day after 

19 the day described in subparagraph (A). 

20 (2) COMMITTEE CONSIDERATION.—A Commis21 sion joint resolution introduced in the Senate under 

22 paragraph (1) shall be jointly referred to the com23 mittee or committees of jurisdiction, which commit24 tees shall report the Commission joint resolution 

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1 ommendation, an unfavorable recommendation, or 

2 without recommendation, not later than 10 session 

3 days after the date on which the Commission joint 

4 resolution was so referred. If any committee to 

5 which a Commission joint resolution is referred fails 

6 to report the Commission joint resolution within that 

7 period, that committee shall be automatically dis8 charged from consideration of the Commission joint 

9 resolution, and the Commission joint resolution shall 

10 be placed on the appropriate calendar. 

11 (3) PROCEEDING.—Notwithstanding rule XXII 

12 of the Standing Rules of the Senate, it is in order, 

13 not later than 2 days of session after the date on 

14 which a Commission joint resolution is reported or 

15 discharged from all committees to which the Com16 mission joint resolution was referred, for the major17 ity leader of the Senate or the designee of the major18 ity leader to move to proceed to the consideration of 

19 the Commission joint resolution. It shall also be in 

20 order for any Member of the Senate to move to pro21 ceed to the consideration of the Commission joint 

22 resolution at any time after the conclusion of such 

23 2-day period. A motion to proceed is in order even 

24 though a previous motion to the same effect has 

25 been disagreed to. All points of order against the 


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1 motion to proceed to the Commission joint resolution 

2 are waived. The motion to proceed is not debatable. 

3 The motion is not subject to a motion to postpone. 

4 A motion to reconsider the vote by which the motion 

5 is agreed to or disagreed to shall not be in order. If 

6 a motion to proceed to the consideration of the Com7 mission joint resolution is agreed to, the Commission 

8 joint resolution shall remain the unfinished business 

9 until disposed of. All points of order against a Com10 mission joint resolution and against consideration of 

11 the Commission joint resolution are waived. 

12 (4) NO AMENDMENTS.—An amendment to a 

13 Commission joint resolution, or a motion to post14 pone, or a motion to proceed to the consideration of 

15 other business, or a motion to recommit the Com16 mission joint resolution, is not in order. 

17 (5) RULINGS OF THE CHAIR ON PROCEDURE.— 

18 Appeals from the decisions of the Chair relating to 

19 the application of the rules of the Senate, as the 

20 case may be, to the procedure relating to a Commis21 sion joint resolution shall be decided without debate. 

22 (d) AMENDMENT.—A Commission joint resolution 

23 shall not be subject to amendment in either the Senate 

24 or the House of Representatives. 

25 (e) CONSIDERATION BY THE OTHER HOUSE.— 


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1 (1) IN GENERAL.—If, before passing a Commis2 sion joint resolution, a House receives from the 

3 other House a Commission joint resolution of the 

4 other House— 

5 (A) the Commission joint resolution of the 

6 other House shall not be referred to a com7 mittee; and 

8 (B) the procedure in the receiving House 

9 shall be the same as if no Commission joint res10 olution had been received from the other House 

11 until the vote on passage, when the Commission 

12 joint resolution received from the other House 

13 shall supplant the Commission joint resolution 

14 of the receiving House. 

15 (2) REVENUE MEASURES.—This subsection 

16 shall not apply to the House of Representatives if a 

17 Commission joint resolution received from the Sen18 ate is a revenue measure. 

19 (f) RULES TO COORDINATE ACTION WITH OTHER

20 HOUSE.— 

21 (1) TREATMENT OF COMMISSION JOINT RESO22 LUTION OF OTHER HOUSE.—If a Commission joint 

23 resolution is not introduced in the Senate or the 

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1 tion of the House of Representatives shall be entitled 

2 to expedited floor procedures under this section. 

3 (2) TREATMENT OF COMPANION MEASURES IN

4 THE SENATE.—If, following passage of a Commis5 sion joint resolution in the Senate, the Senate then 

6 receives from the House of Representatives a Com7 mission joint resolution, the House-passed Commis8 sion joint resolution shall not be debatable. The vote 

9 on passage of the Commission joint resolution in the 

10 Senate shall be considered to be the vote on passage 

11 of the Commission joint resolution received from the 

12 House of Representatives. 

13 (3) VETOES.—If the President vetoes a Com14 mission joint resolution, consideration of a veto mes15 sage in the Senate under this paragraph shall be 10 

16 hours equally divided between the majority and mi17 nority leaders of the Senate or the designees of the 

18 majority and minority leaders of the Senate. 

19 (g) EXERCISE OF RULEMAKING POWER.—This sec20 tion is enacted by Congress— 

21 (1) as an exercise of the rulemaking power of 

22 the Senate and House of Representatives, respec23 tively, and as such it is deemed a part of the rules 

24 of each House, respectively, but applicable only with 

25 respect to the procedure to be followed in that 


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1 House in the case of a Commission joint resolution, 

2 and it supersedes other rules only to the extent that 

3 it is inconsistent with such rules; and 

4 (2) with full recognition of the constitutional 

5 right of either House to change the rules (so far as 

6 relating to the procedure of that House) at any time, 

7 in the same manner, and to the same extent as in 

8 the case of any other rule of that House. 

Æ 


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