III 

119TH CONGRESS 

1ST SESSION S. RES. 43 

Affirming the threats to world stability from a nuclear weapons-capable 

Islamic Republic of Iran. 

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES 

JANUARY 29, 2025 

Mr. GRAHAM (for himself, Mr. FETTERMAN, and Mrs. BRITT) submitted the 

following resolution; which was referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations 

RESOLUTION 

Affirming the threats to world stability from a nuclear 

weapons-capable Islamic Republic of Iran. 

Whereas numerous officials of the Islamic Republic of Iran 

have repeatedly made statements against the United 

States, Israel, and their allies and partners, including— 

(1) the Supreme Leader of the Islamic Republic of 

Iran, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, who stated— 

(A) ‘‘As long as America continues its wickedness, interference, and savagery, the Iranian nation 

will not abandon ‘Death to America’.’’; 

(B) ‘‘The Zionist regime is a deadly, cancerous 

growth and a detriment to this region. It will undoubtedly be uprooted and destroyed’’; 

(C) ‘‘We will definitely do everything necessary 

to prepare the Iranian nation for confronting the ArVerDate Sep 11 2014 02:09 Jan 30, 2025 Jkt 059200 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6300 E:\BILLS\SR43.IS SR43

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rogant Powers, whether militarily, in terms of armament, or politically. Our officials are already working 

on this’’; and 

(D) ‘‘The United States of America and the Zionist regime will definitely receive a crushing response for what they do against Iran and the Resistance Front’’; 

(2) an adviser to the Supreme Leader of the Islamic 

Republic of Iran, Kamal Kharrazi, who stated, ‘‘We have 

no decision to build a nuclear bomb but should Iran’s existence be threatened, there will be no choice but to 

change our military doctrine’’; and 

(3) former foreign ministry spokesperson of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Nasser Kanani, who stated, ‘‘This 

action of the three European countries [France, Germany 

and the United Kingdom] is the continuation of the hostile policy of the West and economic terrorism against 

the people of Iran, which will face the appropriate and 

proportionate action of the Islamic Republic of Iran’’; 

Whereas the Islamic Republic of Iran is directly responsible 

for the death and injury of United States 

servicemembers, including— 

(1) between 2005 and 2011, when the Quds Force, 

a branch of Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, 

provided explosively formed penetrators to Iranian-backed 

fighters in Iraq and killed 195 United States troops and 

wounded nearly another 900 United States troops; 

(2) since the October 7, 2023, attack on Israel, 

where Iranian-backed proxies have attacked United 

States troops in the region more than 170 times; and 

(3) on January 28, 2024, when an Iranian-backed 

proxy launched a drone that killed 3 United States troops 


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•SRES 43 IS 

and wounded nearly another 40 United States troops stationed at Tower 22 in Jordan; 

Whereas the United States Government has reported— 

(1) ‘‘Iran’s annual financial backing to Hizballah— 

which in recent years has been estimated at $700 million—accounts for the overwhelming majority of 

[Hizballah’s] annual budget’’; 

(2) ‘‘Hamas has received funding, weapons, and 

training from Iran’’; and 

(3) ‘‘Iran also provides up to $100 million annually 

in combined support to Palestinian terrorist groups, including Hamas’’; 

Whereas the Islamic Republic of Iran’s support to the 

Houthis, including through the provision of ballistic and 

cruise missiles and unmanned weapons systems, has allowed the Houthis to carry out attacks against United 

States partners; 

Whereas, since the Iranian Revolution in 1979, the Islamic 

Republic of Iran has engaged in acts of international terrorism and continuously threatened the United States, 

Israel, and their partners and allies; 

Whereas, on January 19, 1984, the United States designated 

the Islamic Republic of Iran as a state sponsor of terrorism for repeatedly providing support for acts of international terrorism; 

Whereas, on April 11, 2006, the Islamic Republic of Iran announced that it had enriched uranium for the first time 

to a level close to 3.5 percent at the Pilot Fuel Enrichment Plant in Natanz, Iran; 

Whereas, on December 23, 2006, the United Nations Security Council adopted Resolution 1737 (2006), which imVerDate Sep 11 2014 02:09 Jan 30, 2025 Jkt 059200 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6300 E:\BILLS\SR43.IS SR43

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posed sanctions with respect to the Islamic Republic of 

Iran for its failure to suspend enrichment activities; 

Whereas the United Nations Security Council subsequently 

adopted Resolutions 1747 (2007), 1803 (2008), and 

1929 (2010), all of which targeted the nuclear program 

of, and imposed additional sanctions with respect to, the 

Islamic Republic of Iran; 

Whereas, on February 3, 2009, the Islamic Republic of Iran 

announced that it had launched its first satellite, which 

raised concern over the applicability of the satellite to the 

ballistic missile program; 

Whereas, in September 2009, the United States, the United 

Kingdom, and France revealed the existence of the clandestine Fordow Fuel Enrichment Plant in the Islamic 

Republic of Iran, years after construction started on the 

plant; 

Whereas, on January 28, 2017, the Islamic Republic of Iran 

conducted a test of a medium-range ballistic missile, 

which traveled an estimated 600 miles and provides the 

Islamic Republic of Iran the capability to threaten United 

States military installations in the Middle East; 

Whereas, in 2018, Israel seized a significant portion of the 

nuclear archive of the Islamic Republic of Iran, which 

contained tens of thousands of files and compact discs relating to past efforts at nuclear weapon design, development, and manufacturing by the Islamic Republic of 

Iran; 

Whereas, on September 27, 2018, Israel revealed the existence of a secret warehouse housing radioactive material 

in the Turquz Abad district in Tehran, and an inspection 

of the warehouse by the International Atomic Energy 


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Agency (referred to in this preamble as the ‘‘IAEA’’) detected radioactive particles, which the Government of 

Iran failed to adequately explain; 

Whereas, on June 19, 2020, the IAEA adopted Resolution 

GOV/2020/34, which expressed ‘‘serious concern . . . 

that Iran has not provided access to the Agency under 

the Additional Protocol to two locations’’; 

Whereas, on April 17, 2021, the IAEA verified that the Islamic Republic of Iran had begun to enrich uranium to 

60 percent purity; 

Whereas, on August 14, 2021, the former President of the 

Islamic Republic of Iran, Hassan Rouhani, stated, 

‘‘Iran’s Atomic Energy Organization can enrich uranium 

by 20 percent and 60 percent and if . . . our reactors 

need it, it can enrich uranium to 90 percent purity’’; 

Whereas, on April 17, 2022, the Islamic Republic of Iran 

confirmed the relocation of a production facility for advanced centrifuges from an aboveground facility at Karaj, 

Iran, to the fortified underground Natanz Enrichment 

Complex; 

Whereas, on April 19, 2022, the Department of State released a report stating there are ‘‘serious concerns’’ 

about ‘‘possible undeclared nuclear material and activities 

in Iran’’; 

Whereas, on May 30, 2022, the IAEA reported that the Islamic Republic of Iran had achieved a stockpile of 43.3 

kilograms (95.5 pounds) of 60 percent highly enriched 

uranium, roughly enough material for a nuclear weapon; 

Whereas, on June 8, 2022, the Islamic Republic of Iran 

turned off surveillance cameras installed by the IAEA to 


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monitor uranium enrichment activities at nuclear sites in 

the country; 

Whereas, on July 14, 2022, in The Jerusalem U.S.-Israel 

Strategic Partnership Joint Declaration, which was 

signed between President Biden and Israel, the United 

States stressed its commitment ‘‘never to allow Iran to 

acquire a nuclear weapon, and that [the United States] 

is prepared to use all elements of its national power to 

ensure that outcome’’; 

Whereas, on July 27, 2022, the head of the Atomic Energy 

Organization of Iran, Mohammad Eslami, announced 

that the Islamic Republic of Iran is building a new nuclear reactor at the Isfahan Nuclear Technology Center, 

which will be one of the largest nuclear facilities in Iran; 

Whereas, on December 2, 2022, IAEA Director General 

Rafael Mariano Grossi stated, ‘‘Iran informed us they 

were tripling . . . their capacity to enrich uranium at 60 

percent, which is very close to military level, which is 90 

percent’’; 

Whereas, on January 25, 2023, Director General Grossi stated, ‘‘One thing is true: [the Islamic Republic of Iran has] 

amassed enough nuclear material for several nuclear 

weapons’’; 

Whereas, on February 27, 2023, the IAEA reported that the 

Islamic Republic of Iran had enriched uranium to 83.7 

percent, which is just short of the 90 percent threshold 

for weapons-grade fissile material; 

Whereas, on September 4, 2023, an IAEA report estimated 

the total uranium stockpile of the Islamic Republic of 

Iran to be 3795.5 kilograms (8367.65 pounds) and that 

the Islamic Republic of Iran has enough fissile material, 


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•SRES 43 IS 

that if further enriched, would be sufficient to produce 

several nuclear weapons; 

Whereas, on October 18, 2023, United Nations Security 

Council Resolution 2231 (2015) lapsed and many proliferation-related penalties and restrictions were lifted, allowing the Islamic Republic of Iran to test or transfer 

ballistic missiles, which may contribute to the further development of a nuclear weapon delivery system; 

Whereas, on December 28, 2023, the Governments of the 

United States, France, Germany, and the United Kingdom jointly declared, ‘‘The production of high-enriched 

uranium by Iran has no credible civilian justification. 

These decisions demonstrate Iran’s lack of good will towards de-escalation and represent reckless behavior in a 

tense regional context . . . Iran must fully cooperate 

with the IAEA to enable it to provide assurances that its 

nuclear program is exclusively peaceful.’’; 

Whereas, on February 27, 2024, a spokesperson for the Department of State stated, ‘‘We remain seriously concerned about Iran’s continued expansion of its nuclear 

program in ways that have no credible civilian purpose, 

including its continued production of highly enriched uranium’’; 

Whereas, on June 3, 2024, Director General Grossi stated, 

‘‘Many countries have said if Iran gets nuclear weapons, 

they will do the same. Adding nuclear weapons to the 

cauldron of the Middle East is a very bad idea.’’; 

Whereas, on June 5, 2024, by a vote of 20 to 2, the United 

States joined other nations in formally censuring the Islamic Republic of Iran for advances in their nuclear program and failure to cooperate with the IAEA; 


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Whereas, on June 18, 2024, it was reported that intelligence 

agencies of the United States and Israel were looking 

into information that the Islamic Republic of Iran may 

have developed a computer model that could be used for 

research and development of nuclear weapons; 

Whereas, on July 23, 2024, the Office of the Director of National Intelligence published an assessment, in accordance 

with Iran Nuclear Weapons Capability and Terrorism 

Monitoring Act of 2022 (22 U.S.C. 8701 note; Public 

Law 117–263), which stated, ‘‘Iran continues to increase 

the size of its uranium stockpile, increase its enrichment 

capacity, and develop, manufacture, and operate advanced centrifuges. Tehran has the infrastructure and experience to quickly produce weapons-grade uranium, at 

multiple facilities’’; 

Whereas, on November 28, 2024, the Islamic Republic of 

Iran informed the IAEA that it planned to start enriching uranium with thousands of advanced centrifuges at 

its Fordow and Natanz plants, while also installing more 

uranium-enriching centrifuges at those locations; 

Whereas, on December 5, 2024, the Office of the Director of 

National Intelligence published another assessment, in 

accordance with Iran Nuclear Weapons Capability and 

Terrorism Monitoring Act of 2022 (22 U.S.C. 8701 note; 

Public Law 117–263), which stated— 

(1) ‘‘Iran’s 20-percent and 60-percent enriched uranium stockpiles are far greater than needed for what it 

claims it will use the uranium for and Iran could produce 

more than a dozen nuclear weapons if its total uranium 

stockpile were further enriched’’; and 

(2) ‘‘Iran probably will consider installing or operating more advanced centrifuges, further increasing its 


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enriched uranium stockpile, enriching uranium up to 90 

percent, or threatening to withdraw from the Treaty on 

the Nonproliferation of Nuclear Weapons’’; and 

Whereas, on December 9, 2024, France, Germany, and the 

United Kingdom released a joint statement that— 

(1) condemns ‘‘Iran’s latest steps . . . to expand its 

nuclear programme to significantly increase the rate of 

production of uranium enriched up to 60 percent’’; 

(2) expresses extreme concern ‘‘to learn that Iran 

has increased the number of centrifuges in use and started preparations to install additional enrichment infrastructure’’; and 

(3) ‘‘strongly urge[s] Iran to reverse these steps, 

and to immediately halt its nuclear escalation’’: Now, 

therefore, be it 

1 Resolved, That the Senate— 

2 (1) affirms that the Islamic Republic of Iran’s 

3 continued pursuit of a nuclear weapons capability 

4 is— 

5 (A) a credible threat to the United States; 

6 and 

7 (B) an existential threat to Israel and 

8 other allies and partners in the Middle East; 

9 (2) asserts all options should be considered to 

10 address the nuclear threat the Islamic Republic of 

11 Iran poses to the United States, Israel, and our al12 lies and partners; 


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1 (3) demands the Islamic Republic of Iran to im2 mediately cease engaging in any and all activities 

3 that threaten the national security interests of the 

4 United States, Israel, and our allies and partners, 

5 including— 

6 (A) enriching uranium; 

7 (B) developing or possessing delivery vehi8 cles capable of carrying nuclear warheads; and 

9 (C) developing or possessing a nuclear 

10 warhead. 

11 SECTION 1. RULE OF CONSTRUCTION. 

12 Nothing in this resolution may be construed to au13 thorize the use of military force or the introduction of 

14 United States Armed Forces into hostilities. 

Æ 


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