[DO NOT PUBLISH]

IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT

________________________

No. 14-13895

Non-Argument Calendar

________________________

D.C. Docket No. 1:13-cv-01011-GGB

PAUL H. OSTBORG, JR., 

 Plaintiff-Appellant,

 versus

COMMISSIONER OF SOCIAL SECURITY, 

 Defendant-Appellee.

________________________

Appeal from the United States District Court

for the Northern District of Georgia

________________________

(May 29, 2015)

Before HULL, ROSENBAUM and FAY, Circuit Judges.

PER CURIAM: 

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Paul H. Ostborg, Jr., appeals the district judge’s final order affirming denial 

of his application for disability and disability-insurance benefits under 42 U.S.C. 

§ 405(g) by the Social Security Administration (“SSA”). We affirm.

I. BACKGROUND

Ostborg, a United States military veteran, has suffered from scoliosis, flat 

feet, and a leg-length discrepancy for most of his life. In August 1996, Ostborg 

filed his first application seeking disability-insurance benefits under Title II and 

Part A of Title XVIII of the Social Security Act and represented his disability 

began on August 5, 1996. In December 1996, Ostborg suffered a head injury, 

when he slipped on ice and fell. On June 25, 1998, an administrative law judge 

(“ALJ”) denied his first application (“the 1998 Decision”). Ostborg filed his 

second and subject application for disability benefits on September 24, 2004. He 

last met the insurance requirements on December 31, 2001. 

A. Medical Evidence

1. Mental-Health Records

Dr. Fredric Rose, a neuropsychologist, evaluated Ostborg on January 15, 

1998. Ostborg complained he had experienced several impairments since his 1996 

accident, including periods of confusion, impaired short-term memory, fatigue, 

forgetting details, although he reported good recognition if cued, and language 

errors, when stressed or fatigued. While Ostborg was able to perform the activities 

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of daily life since his accident, it took effort, and he could no longer accomplish as 

much each day. Ostborg was a musician; he reported no difficulty with the 

cognitive aspects of playing music since his accident. 

After testing Ostborg, Dr. Rose concluded he showed slowed-informationprocessing speed and difficulty processing information on the first exposure, but 

substantial improvement in recall and retention after subsequent exposures. He 

opined Ostborg needed extended time and repetition to process new material, but

Ostborg could complete basic and complex tasks, if given sufficient time and 

structure.

Nearly eight months after Dr. Rose’s evaluation, Ostborg asked if he was 

“willing to write a note saying [he] can’t work.” R. at 319. Dr. Rose wrote the 

requested letter, but instead of stating Ostborg could not work, he summarized his 

findings concerning Ostborg’s limitations as follows: 

Day to day functioning, therefore, may be affected in part 

by this difficulty in processing and encoding even 

“automatic” events such as preparing to go out for the 

day. Extra time to plan and organize what must be done 

is now more of a necessity than in the past. Given 

sufficient time and structure, however, there was no 

evidence from this evaluation that you would be unable 

to complete basic or even complex tasks. Cognition and 

intelligence were otherwise sufficiently intact to allow 

the performance of most, if not all, tasks previously 

completed, though at a slowed pace requiring additional 

structure and time.

R. at 318-19. 

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On January 21 and February 2, 1998, Ostborg additionally was evaluated by 

Dr. John Stuart Currie, also a neuropsychologist. Ostborg complained to Dr. 

Currie of short-term-memory problems, lack of concentration, and becoming 

fatigued quickly. Ostborg completed an IQ test and performed below expectations, 

considering his education. But Dr. Currie attributed this to factors other than a 

natural deficit, including Ostborg’s taking Vicodin. Dr. Currie also noted Ostborg 

showed confidence in driving, homemaking, exercising, and musical performance. 

Ostborg’s next mental-health treatment occurred after December 31, 2001, 

the last date he was insured. He obtained psychological and psychiatric treatment 

in October 2002, as well as in 2005, 2009 and 2010. Records of these later 

treatments discuss his history with his impaired memory, concentration, and 

information-processing speed.

2. Physical-Health Records 

In July 1997, Ostborg’s primary-care physician, Dr. Charles Demosthenes,

noted Ostborg’s scoliosis had worsened and caused him severe pain. 

Dr. Demosthenes also discussed Ostborg’s leg-length discrepancy and explained

other doctors’ reports of the extent of the discrepancy had varied. In September 

1997, Dr. Demosthenes referred Ostborg for corrective shoes. 

In an October 2001 annual examination, Ostborg reported chronic pain of an 

unspecified degree in his neck, back, and extremities. He also reported some 

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musculoskeletal pain, but it was controlled with chiropractic treatments and 

swimming. He complained of two skin lesions and tightness on his left side after 

swimming. According to a July 2004 treatment note, Ostborg stated he never 

drank alcohol. In a June 2005 psychiatric general progress note, however, Ostborg 

reported he had stopped abusing alcohol in 1969, after being discharged from the 

military.

Ostborg has received regular chiropractic treatment from 1990; records from 

that treatment generally indicate he suffers from lower back pain, neck spasms, and 

stiff, restricted joint movement. In August 2000, chiropractor Richard Franks 

wrote a letter in support of Ostborg’s claim for disability benefits from the 

Veteran’s Administration (“VA”) and explained corrective shoes helped to 

compensate for Ostborg’s leg-length discrepancy.

B. Work History 

From 1975 through 1994, Ostborg worked for up to 32 hours per week as a 

house manager at Grady Memorial Hospital. He assisted in the relocation of 

students and interns, helped assure smooth operation of house management, 

monitored security, and sometimes typed letters. Ostborg sat for approximately six 

to eight hours per day; he had to walk, stand, and climb stairs occasionally; he did 

not lift anything weighing more than ten pounds. 

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From 1994 through 1996, Ostborg worked as a security guard. He

maintained basic order and safety of the premises and wrote some reports. He sat 

most of the time, walked and climbed stairs occasionally; he never lifted anything 

in excess of ten pounds. He also had to undergo first-aid and CPR training for that 

position. Neither of these jobs required technical knowledge; he did not supervise, 

hire, or fire employees in either position. 

C. 1998 ALJ Decision

The 1998 ALJ Decision states Ostborg had represented he was disabled 

because of scoliosis, pes planus (flat feet), and leg-length discrepancy in his 

previous application for disability benefits. He also had testified about the limiting 

effects of his December 1996 fall. The ALJ concluded Ostborg’s testimony 

concerning his impairments was incredible in view of the medical evidence and his 

description of his activities and lifestyle. The ALJ also discussed various medical 

records, including Dr. Currie’s evaluation, which identified no significant memory 

or cognitive dysfunctions. The ALJ concluded Ostborg had no more than minimalmental impairments to work-related functioning, and he retained the residual 

functional capacity (“RFC”) to perform medium work. 

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D. VA Disability Determination

On January 16, 1999, the VA determined Ostborg was disabled.1 The VA 

decision lists Ostborg’s disabilities as degenerative-disc disease of the cervical and 

lumbar spines, dextroscoliosis of the lumbar spine, degenerative changes of the 

thoracic spine, residuals from a head injury, and leg-length discrepancy. 

Medical findings of various doctors are summarized in the decision, 

including the opinion of Dr. Lee Jacobs that Ostborg could work a desk job for not 

more than four hours a day. The rating decision also briefly summarized a 

December 21, 1996, report from Cobb Hospital and Medical Center concerning 

Ostborg’s accident and stated Ostborg had suffered trauma to the back of his head. 

The VA determined Ostborg did not meet the schedular-requirements 

disability.2

 The VA rated his disabilities as (1) 20% for degenerative-disc disease 

of the lumbar spine with dextroscoliosis, (2) 10% for his leg-length discrepancy,

(3) 10% for degenerative-disc disease and osteoarthritis of the cervical spine,

(4) 10% for degenerative changes of the thoracic spine, and (5) 10% for residuals 

from a concussion. Nevertheless, the VA determined that “an extraschedular 

permanent and total disability rating [was] authorized,” based on Ostborg’s “level 

 1

 The rating decision in the record is undated; however, the exhibit list states the decision 

was issued on January 16, 1999. Additionally, a duplicate-partial copy of the VA rating decision 

has the same date handwritten on one of the pages. 

2

 The schedular requirements are (1) a single disability ratable at 60% or more, or 

(2) two or more disabilities combining to 70% with at least one ratable at 40%. 

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of disability and other factors, such as [his] age, education and occupational 

background.” R. at 192. 

E. 2008 ALJ Decision and Remand by the Appeals Council

1. 2008 Hearing

On May 28, 2008, at a hearing concerning Ostborg’s subject application for 

disability benefits, Ostborg testified that, as a security guard, he sometimes worked 

full-time and sometimes part-time, depending on what was available and what he 

could handle. He characterized his job as a house manager as a “desk job” that 

involved admitting people to the residence halls. 

Ostborg testified his grip was fair. He experienced difficulty walking, 

bending over, climbing stairs, and lifting anything over ten pounds. He became 

fatigued frequently and needed to lie down several times per day. He had 

experienced some improvement in his memory in the seven years following his 

1996 fall, but none thereafter. 

Immediately following Ostborg’s 1996 fall, he was in a great deal of pain; 

he could not drive and had difficulty concentrating. In the past three years, 

however, he had driven from Atlanta, Georgia, to Asheville, North Carolina, to 

visit his sister. Ostborg lived alone, shopped for himself, and attended church. He 

also exercised regularly, by swimming two to three times a week for about 30 

minutes, doing aerobics, and walking. At one time, Ostborg had freelanced as a 

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violin player, but he could no longer play well because of arthrosis, a degenerativejoint disease, in his hands. 

Ostborg had volunteered at his church periodically for the past year and a 

half by sitting at the front desk for about 45 minutes to greet people and make sure 

they knew where they were going. For the past three years, he has volunteered at a 

museum in Smyrna, Georgia once per week, which also involved greeting people, 

asking them to sign in, and showing them around. Asked why he could not 

perform his previous job in security in view of his exercise and volunteer activities,

Ostborg responded he volunteered only on a limited basis; his other activities were 

low stress and did not require him to be on his feet or to remember anything. 

The following exchange occurred between the ALJ and Ostborg: 

ALJ: I mean it’s kind of hard to imagine that you 

don’t have to concentrate at the museum job 

and the church job. I mean you kind of 

know a lot of stuff and where to send 

people, and you have to know your way 

around. 

. . . .

Wouldn’t that be similar to what you had to 

do at the hospital [or] when you were doing 

the security work?

OSTBORG: Well, in a way, but at the hospital I had a lot 

more to deal with. A lot more people to, a 

lot more people coming in, just a lot more to 

do. 

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R. at 755-56. 

2. 2008 ALJ Decision and Remand by the Appeals Council

In September 2008, the ALJ issued a decision denying Ostborg’s claim for 

disability benefits. The ALJ mentioned Ostborg had sought and been awarded 

disability benefits by the VA but did not discuss further the VA’s disability rating. 

Additionally, the ALJ found Ostborg’s testimony concerning his limitations to be

incredible because, in the hearing, he described only minimal volunteer work, but a 

Google search of Ostborg revealed a much wider array of activities. 

Ostborg sought review from the Appeals Council (“AC”). The AC 

remanded the case to the ALJ. The AC concluded the ALJ had failed to provide 

Ostborg with the post-hearing evidence obtained from the internet and to discuss 

adequately the VA’s disability rating or indicate the weight that the VA’s 

determination was accorded. 

F. Post-Remand Proceedings 

1. 2010 Hearing

At a hearing in November 2010, the ALJ provided Ostborg and his counsel 

with printouts from the ALJ’s Google search; Ostborg provided additional 

testimony concerning his hobbies and volunteer activities. In August 2008, 

following the 2008 hearing, but before the ALJ’s 2008 decision, Ostborg had

presented two sessions on veterans benefits at Life University, which involved 

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standing and teaching for approximately an hour each time. Ostborg’s original art

work was displayed at an exhibition at the Smyrna Library Gallery for about two 

months. Approximately 8 to 10 drawings and paintings, which Ostborg had 

produced over the past forty years, were on display. While Ostborg did not need to 

be present during the exhibition, he went approximately once a week to check in. 

Ostborg further testified he had taken numerous pictures of houses and 

properties for the Smyrna Historical and Genealogical Society (“SHGS”) in 2006. 

He did so approximately once a month for three years. Additionally, Ostborg 

volunteered at the SHGS museum three Saturdays per month, which involved 

remaining at a desk, assisting people as needed, and answering questions. He was 

a member of the Cobb County Stamp Club. He attended meetings, which occurred 

twice a month, and volunteered at shows periodically. 

Ostborg had given violin and viola instruction privately in the past, but he 

had not done so for at least the past five years. When he last taught violin, Ostborg 

had one student, with whom he met once a week for approximately one year. 

Although Ostborg was listed on the roster of private violin instructors for a middle 

school in Georgia, he did not know how his name came to be on that list. Ostborg 

was asked again why he could not have used his mind to work instead of to 

volunteer; Ostborg responded he volunteered only occasionally, and he could 

pursue his volunteer and other activities as he was inclined. 

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2. 2011 ALJ Decision and Request for Review

Although Ostborg represented his disability began on August 5, 1996, the 

ALJ concluded the June 25, 1998, denial of his previous application had the effect 

of administrative res judicata. Consequently, the relevant period began on June 26, 

1998. The ALJ followed the five-step sequential process in evaluating Ostborg’s 

disability claim.3

 At step two, the ALJ found Ostborg had the severe impairments 

of scoliosis, leg-length discrepancy, and residuals from a 1996 closed-head injury. 

In evaluating the effects from Ostborg’s 1996 fall and head injury, the ALJ 

discussed Dr. Rose’s findings and letter at length. In the analysis at step three, the 

ALJ acknowledged Ostborg had exhibited deficits on medical examinations with 

regard to concentration, persistence, or pace, but found he was only mildly 

impaired, because he was able to drive long distances and navigate to new areas 

successfully. At step four, the ALJ found Ostborg capable of performing only light 

work, because of his leg-length discrepancy. Because of his lapses in 

concentration, the ALJ also determined he could work up to 32 hours per week. 

 3

 Under the five-step sequential process to determine whether a claimant is disabled, the 

claimant must show (1) he is not currently engaged in substantial gainful activity; (2) he has a 

severe impairment; (3) his impairment meets or equals the criteria in one of the listed 

impairments in 20 C.F.R. Part 404, Subpart P, Appendix 1; and (4) his impairment prevents him 

from performing his past relevant work. 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520(a)(4)(i)-(iv). If the claimant 

shows he cannot perform his past relevant work, then, at the fifth step, the burden shifts to the 

Commissioner to show significant numbers of jobs exist in the national economy the claimant 

can perform. Id. § 404.1520(a)(4)(v). 

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The ALJ found Ostborg’s medically determinable impairments could 

reasonably be expected to produce his alleged symptoms but decided his testimony 

regarding the intensity, persistence, and limiting effects of those symptoms to be 

incredible. The ALJ explained Ostborg was engaged in a far wider variety of 

hobbies and activities than he originally had represented. While these hobbies and 

activities did not directly contradict his allegations of disability, the ALJ found

they were sufficiently inconsistent with his stated mental limitations and did not 

support his overall credibility. The ALJ noted various inconsistent statements 

Ostborg had made elsewhere in the record, including the discrepancy in his 

statements to his doctors concerning his alcohol consumption. Additionally, the 

ALJ highlighted Ostborg’s testimony he could not direct his energies toward work, 

in view of his volunteer and other activities, because he volunteered only randomly 

and pursued his hobbies, when he was so inclined. The ALJ also found the VA’s 

disability determination had “little bearing” on Ostborg’s claim for Social Security 

disability benefits, because the VA used a different standard to assess disability 

and may not have been aware of his hobbies and activities. R. at 41. 

Ostborg again requested AC review of the ALJ’s decision. This time, the 

AC denied review and adopted the ALJ’s decision as the final decision of the 

Commissioner. Through counsel, Ostborg has appealed that decision to this court.

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II. DISCUSSION

As an initial matter, the government states the relevant time period of 

disability for Ostborg’s case began on June 26, 1998, because the 1998 Decision 

had the effect of administrative res judicata. Ostborg does not discuss this issue in 

his initial brief. In his reply brief, he asserts (1) the ALJ actually considered the 

relevant period to have begun on August 28, 1996, despite the purported 

application of administrative res judicata; and (2) the application of administrative 

res judicata is immaterial to his arguments on appeal. 

“[T]he law is by now well settled in this Circuit that a legal claim or 

argument that has not been briefed before the court is deemed abandoned and its 

merits will not be addressed.” Access Now, Inc. v. Sw. Airlines Co., 385 F.3d 

1324, 1330 (11th Cir. 2004). Abandonment can occur when an appellant makes 

only passing reference to the claim. Sapuppo v. Allstate Floridian Ins. Co., 739 

F.3d 678, 681-82 (11th Cir. 2014). Moreover, we will not address arguments made 

for the first time in a reply brief. Id. at 682-83. 

Because Ostborg did not raise the issue of administrative res judicata in his 

initial brief, he has abandoned it. Access Now, Inc., 385 F.3d at 1330. His mention 

of the issue in his reply brief is both belated and insufficient to raise an argument 

of error, because (1) he first raises it in his reply brief, and (2) in the two sentences

where he discusses the issue, he maintains the application of res judicata was 

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immaterial or the ALJ did not actually apply it, not that the ALJ erred in applying 

it. Sapuppo, 739 F.3d at 681-83. Accordingly, we deem this issue abandoned. 

Our subsequent discussion clarifies Ostborg has not shown reversal is warranted, 

even if the ALJ implicitly determined he was not disabled prior to June 26, 1998. 

A. ALJ Gave Sufficient Weight to VA’s Rating Decision

Ostborg argues the ALJ failed to accord the VA’s rating decision sufficient 

weight and provided an inadequate explanation for the determination the VA’s 

decision had little bearing on Ostborg’s claim for Social Security disability

insurance benefits. He also argues the ALJ discussed the medical evidence that 

was provided in support of and summarized in the VA’s decision. 

We review the ALJ’s decision for substantial evidence but his application of 

legal principles de novo. Moore v. Barnhart, 405 F.3d 1208, 1211 (11th Cir. 

2005). The SSA regulations provide a decision by any nongovernmental or 

governmental agency concerning whether an individual is disabled, based on that 

agency’s own rules, does not constitute an SSA decision regarding whether that 

individual is disabled. 20 C.F.R. § 404.1504. A VA rating, while not binding on 

the SSA, “is evidence that should be considered and is entitled to great weight.” 

Brady v. Heckler, 724 F.2d 914, 921 (11th Cir. 1984) (internal quotation marks 

omitted); see also Rodriguez v. Schweiker, 640 F.2d 682, 686 (5th Cir. Unit A Mar. 

1981). 

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For Social Security purposes, a claimant is entitled to disability insurance 

benefits, when he proves he is under a disability, meaning he is unable “to engage 

in any substantial gainful activity by reason of any medically determinable 

physical or mental impairment.” 42 U.S.C. § 423(a)(1)(E), (d)(1)(A). In contrast, 

the VA generally will grant total disability, when “there is present any impairment 

of mind or body which is sufficient to render it impossible for the average person 

to follow a substantially gainful occupation.” 38 C.F.R. § 3.340(a)(1). 

Additionally, the VA “shall give the benefit of the doubt to the claimant,” 

whenever “there is an approximate balance of positive and negative evidence 

regarding any issue material to the determination of a matter.” 38 U.S.C. § 5107.

In Brady, the claimant received a 100% disability rating from the VA, but 

the ALJ concluded the claimant did not have a severe impairment. Brady, 724 

F.2d at 917. Based on the medical evidence, we concluded the claimant had a 

severe impairment and remanded for the ALJ to consider whether his impairments 

precluded him from performing his past work. Id. at 921. In Rodriguez, we

concluded the ALJ should have “more closely scrutinized” the VA’s disability 

rating of 100% for the claimant, where the ALJ mentioned the rating but 

“obviously refused to give it much weight.” Rodriguez, 640 F.2d at 686.

The record in this case shows the ALJ closely scrutinized the VA’s disability 

decision and gave specific reasons for determining the VA’s determination had 

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little bearing on Ostborg’s case. See Brady, 724 F.2d at 917; Rodriguez, 640 F.2d 

at 686. Substantial evidence supports the ALJ’s reasons for discounting the VA’s 

determination, because that determination makes no mention of Ostborg’s 

wide-ranging hobbies and interests. In addition, the ALJ correctly explained the 

VA and SSA use different criteria for determining disability. Compare 38 C.F.R. 

§ 3.340(a)(1), with 42 U.S.C. § 423(a)(1)(E), (d)(1)(A). 

Notably, this case is distinguishable from Brady and Rodriguez. In contrast 

to Brady, the ALJ determined Ostborg suffered from severe impairments. See 

Brady, 724 F.2d at 917. Moreover, in contrast to the claimants in Brady and 

Rodriguez, Ostborg was not given a 100% disability rating from the VA; instead, 

his maladies fell short of meeting the VA’s schedular requirements for disability, 

but he was given a permanent and total disability rating based on extraschedular

factors. See id. ; Rodriguez, 640 F.2d at 686. Moreover, the VA’s rating decision

in Ostborg’s case, provides scant explanation for applying those extraschedular 

factors to reach a determination of total disability, when the schedular factors do 

not meet the VA’s disability criteria. 

Ostborg’s argument the ALJ failed to acknowledge medical records 

provided in support of the VA’s decision is meritless. Much of the medical 

evidence summarized in the VA’s decision was not in the record before the ALJ in 

this case. The ALJ’s specific reasons for discounting the VA’s determination show 

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he considered and closely scrutinized that determination; consequently, the ALJ 

did not misapply the law in discounting it. See Moore, 405 F.3d at 1211; 

Rodriguez, 640 F.2d at 686. 

B. Substantial Evidence Supporting ALJ’s Work Finding 

Ostborg argues the ALJ’s RFC finding is unsupported by substantial 

evidence, because the finding conflicts with medical evidence underlying the VA’s 

disability rating. He also contends the ALJ failed to discuss the reasons for 

disregarding Dr. Rose’s opinion concerning his concentration and pace limitations 

or the limitations created by his leg-length discrepancy. Finally, Ostborg contends 

he was unable to perform his previous jobs. Regarding his security-guard job, he 

argues the Dictionary of Occupational Titles provides security-guard work 

involves responding quickly to unexpected circumstances. 

We review the ALJ’s decision for substantial evidence. Moore, 405 F.3d at 

1211. “Substantial evidence is less than a preponderance, but rather such relevant 

evidence as a reasonable person would accept as adequate to support a 

conclusion.” Id. The Social Security Regulations state a five-step process used to 

determine whether a claimant is disabled. See 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520(a)(4). Under 

the first four steps of that process, the claimant must show: (1) he is not currently 

engaged in substantial gainful activity; (2) he has a severe impairment; (3) his 

impairment meets or equals the criteria in one of the listings of impairments; and 

(4) his impairment prevents him from performing past relevant work, if it does not 

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meet or equal one of the impairments in the listings. Id. § 404.1520(a)(4)(i)-(iv). 

If the claimant shows he cannot perform his past relevant work, then, at the fifth 

step, the burden shifts to the Commissioner to show significant numbers of jobs 

exist in the national economy the claimant can perform. Id. § 404.1520(a)(4)(v). 

At step four, the ALJ assesses the claimant’s RFC and ability to perform 

past relevant work. Id. § 404.1520(a)(4)(iv). The RFC assessment is based on all 

relevant evidence of a claimant’s abilities to do work despite his impairments. 

Lewis v. Callahan, 125 F.3d 1436, 1440 (11th Cir. 1997) (citing 20 C.F.R. 

§ 404.1545(a)). “Light work” is defined as work involving “lifting no more than 

20 pounds at a time with frequent lifting or carrying of objects weighing up to 10 

pounds.” Id. § 404.1567(b). A job in the light-work category may require “a good 

deal of walking or standing, or . . . sitting most of the time with some pushing and 

pulling of arm or leg controls.” Id. 

The claimant bears the burden of showing he cannot perform his past 

relevant work. Lucas v. Sullivan, 918 F.2d 1567, 1571 (11th Cir. 1990). A 

claimant must show he is unable to perform his past kind of work, not merely that 

he is unable to perform a specific job held in the past. Jackson v. Bowen, 801 F.2d 

1291, 1293 (11th Cir. 1986) (citing 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520(e)). At the fourth step, 

the ALJ assesses the claimant’s RFC. Phillips v. Barnhart, 357 F.3d 1232, 1237 

(11th Cir. 2004). “[T]he regulations define RFC as that which the individual is 

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still able to do despite the limitations caused by his or her impairments.” Id. (citing 

20 C.F.R. § 404.1545(a)). The ALJ makes the RFC determination based on all 

relevant medical and other evidence in the case. Id. 

1. ALJ’s RFC Assessment

Substantial evidence supports the ALJ’s determination Ostborg could 

perform light work for 32 hours per week, despite his leg-length discrepancy. See 

Moore, 405 F.3d at 1211. Ostborg obtained corrective shoes, which according to 

his chiropractor, helped to compensate for his leg-length discrepancy. 

Additionally, Ostborg testified he frequently walked and swam. Consequently, 

substantial evidence supports the ALJ’s finding that Ostborg could perform light 

work. See id. 

Contrary to Ostborg’s contention, the ALJ gave sufficient reasons for the 

determination his leg-length discrepancy limited him to light work. The ALJ 

described Ostborg’s leg-length discrepancy in detail at step two of the analysis, 

including the treatment he had obtained. The ALJ also found, at step three, 

Ostborg was able to function normally, evidenced by his exercising regularly. 

Moreover, substantial evidence supports this conclusion because Ostborg’s 

October 2001 treatment notes show his musculoskeletal pain was well controlled 

with chiropractic treatment and regular swimming, his chiropractor opined 

Ostborg’s corrective shoes helped compensate for his leg-length discrepancy, and 

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Ostborg testified he walked, swam, and did aerobics regularly. See Moore, 405 

F.3d at 1211. 

The medical reports and RFC assessments in the record support the ALJ’s 

conclusion Ostborg was able to work on a part-time basis, despite any pace 

limitations. For instance, Dr. Rose opined (1) Ostborg was capable of performing 

most, if not all, tasks that he was previously able to perform, despite needing extra 

time and structure; (2) he could perform complex tasks with sufficient time and 

structure; and (3) his cognition and intelligence were otherwise sufficiently intact. 

The ALJ discussed Dr. Rose’s report and concluded Ostborg’s cognitive 

limitations were mild, and Dr. Rose’s assessment does not contradict that 

conclusion. Moreover, the ALJ explicitly accounted for Ostborg’s lapses in 

concentration and inability to sustain sufficient concentration for a 40-hour work 

week. Ostborg’s argument the ALJ’s RFC decision is unsupported by substantial 

evidence, because it conflicts with the evidence underlying the VA’s decision is 

meritless. The evidence underlying the VA’s decision to which Ostborg refers, Dr. 

Jacobs’s opinion Ostborg could perform only sedentary work for four hours a day,

was not in the record. Instead, the record contained only the brief summary of that 

evidence, which was recited in the VA’s decision. 

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2. Ostborg’s Ability to Perform his Past Relevant Work

Ostborg does not dispute his previous jobs as a house manager and in 

security services were past-relevant work for purposes of the Social Security 

regulations. Ostborg’s prior jobs involved mostly sitting, only occasional lifting 

objects less than ten pounds, some typing, and did not include supervising others. 

Nothing in the record shows these tasks were beyond his RFC. He described his 

house-manager job as a desk job and acknowledged it was somewhat similar to his 

volunteer roles at the church and museum. Ostborg’s testimony his work as a 

house manager involved “a lot more people” and “a lot more to do” than his 

volunteer roles, does not show that such a role was beyond his abilities, because it 

is not clear that admitting more people would tax his abilities to process new 

information. Instead, Ostborg described a greater frequency of the same task, and 

Ostborg has not shown he had difficulties repeating tasks. See Lucas, 918 F.2d at 

1571. 

Because Ostborg previously has not raised his argument concerning the 

nature of security-guard work as described in the Dictionary of Occupational 

Titles, we need not address it. See Kelley v. Apfel, 185 F.3d 1211, 1215 (11th Cir. 

1999) (declining to reach an argument not raised before the SSA or the district 

court that the ALJ should have relied on a VE’s testimony). Ostborg has not met 

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his burden of showing he could not perform his past relevant work. See Lucas, 918 

F.2d at 1571.

C. ALJ’s Credibility Determination

Ostborg contends the ALJ identified only minor discrepancies in his various 

statements, such as his allegedly inconsistent statements concerning alcohol 

consumption. He contends these discrepancies and his wide range of hobbies and 

activities were insufficient to contradict his allegations of disability. 

Credibility determinations are the province of the ALJ, and we will not 

disturb a clearly articulated credibility finding absent substantial evidence. 

Mitchell v. Comm’r, Soc. Sec. Admin., 771 F.3d 780, 782 (11th Cir. 2014). When a 

claimant attempts to show disability through his own testimony about pain or other 

subjective symptoms, the ALJ must consider that testimony if the ALJ finds 

evidence of an underlying medical condition and either (1) objective medical 

evidence to confirm the severity of the alleged symptoms arising from that 

condition, or (2) the objectively determined medical condition is of a severity that 

reasonably can be expected to give rise to the alleged symptoms. See Foote v. 

Chater, 67 F.3d 1553, 1560 (11th Cir. 1995). If the claimant establishes an 

underlying medical condition that reasonably could be expected to produce the 

symptoms, “all evidence about the intensity, persistence, and functionally limiting 

effects of pain or other symptoms must be considered in addition to the medical 

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signs and laboratory findings in deciding the issue of disability.” Id. at 1561. If 

the ALJ decides not to credit a claimant’s testimony regarding his subjective 

symptoms, the ALJ must articulate “explicit and adequate reasons for doing so.” 

Id. at 1561-62. The ALJ may consider a claimant’s daily activities in discrediting 

complaints concerning subjective conditions. See Harwell v. Heckler, 735 F.2d 

1292, 1293 (11th Cir. 1984) (concluding the ALJ properly considered a variety of 

factors, including the claimant’s daily activities, in making a finding about his 

allegations of severe pain).

In this case, the ALJ discussed Ostborg’s mental limitations earlier in his 

decision and found them to be mild based on the objective medical evidence. In 

discussing Ostborg’s credibility, the ALJ stated several specific reasons for 

discounting Ostborg’s statements concerning his symptoms, and substantial 

evidence supports those reasons. Foote, 67 F.3d at 1561-62. Specifically, the ALJ

found Ostborg was engaged in a wider array of activities than he originally had 

represented. Substantial evidence supports this determination, because Ostborg 

had failed to testify about his violin instruction, photography, art exhibition, and 

involvement in the stamp club. Moreover, the ALJ’s consideration of Ostborg’s 

wide range of activities was proper, because (1) Ostborg alleged he was unable to 

work, in part, because of his mental impairments, but (2) his wide ranging 

activities included activities the ALJ found to be similar or more mentally 

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challenging than his previous jobs. See Harwell, 735 F.2d at 1293. The ALJ’s 

discussion of other inconsistent statements, such as those concerning Ostborg’s 

alcohol consumption, even if erroneous, was harmless, since substantial evidence 

supports the ALJ’s credibility finding. See Mitchell, 771 F.3d at 782; Diorio v. 

Walker, 721 F.2d 726 728 (11th Cir. 1983) (concluding the ALJ’s 

mischaracterization of the claimant’s post-relevant work was harmless error,

because such characterization of vocational factors was irrelevant when the ALJ 

found no severe impairment). The ALJ’s credibility determination is supported by 

substantial evidence. See Mitchell, 771 F.3d at 782.

III. CONCLUSION

In summary, the ALJ did not misapply the law in determining the VA’s 

disability rating had little bearing on Ostborg’s disability benefits claim. In 

addition, substantial evidence supported the ALJ’s findings (1) Ostborg possessed 

the RFC to perform light work on a part-time basis and his past relevant work; and 

(2) his testimony concerning the persistence, severity, and limiting effects of his 

impairments was not credible. 

AFFIRMED.

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