`[Federal Register Volume 90, Number 11 (Friday, January 17, 2025)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 5697-5718]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2025-00436]


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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

40 CFR Part 59

[EPA-HQ-OAR-2006-0971; FRL-7966-03-OAR]
RIN 2060-AU94


National Volatile Organic Compound Emission Standards for Aerosol 
Coatings Amendments

AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

ACTION: Final rule.

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SUMMARY: The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is finalizing 
amendments to the National Volatile Organic Compound Emission Standards 
for Aerosol Coatings. This action revises national emission standards 
for the aerosol coatings (aerosol spray paints) category under the 
Clean Air Act (CAA), which requires control of volatile organic 
compound (VOC) emissions from certain categories of consumer and 
commercial products for purposes of reducing VOC emissions contributing 
to ozone formation and ozone nonattainment. The regulation employs a 
relative reactivity-based approach to control aerosol coating products' 
contribution to ozone formation by encouraging the use of less reactive 
VOC ingredients in formulations. In this final rule, the EPA is 
updating coating category product-weighted reactivity (PWR) limits, 
adding new compounds and reactivity factors, updating existing 
reactivity factors, revising the rule's default reactivity factor, 
amending thresholds for VOC regulated by the rule, amending reporting 
requirements, updating test methods to reflect more recent versions, 
adding a new compliance date, and making clarifying edits.

DATES: Effective date. The effective date of this final rule is January 
17, 2025. The incorporation by reference of certain material listed in 
this rule is approved by the Director of the Federal Register as of 
January 17, 2025. The incorporation by reference of certain other 
material listed in this rule was approved by the Director of the 
Federal Register as of March 24, 2008.

ADDRESSES: The EPA has established a docket for this action under 
Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OAR-2006-0971. All documents in the dockets are 
listed on the www.regulations.gov website. Although listed, some 
information is not publicly available, e.g., Confidential Business 
Information (CBI) or other information whose disclosure is restricted 
by statute. Certain other material, such as copyrighted material, is 
not placed on the internet and will be publicly available only in hard 
copy form. Publicly available docket materials are available either 
electronically through www.regulations.gov, or in hard copy at the EPA 
Docket Center, WJC West Building, Room Number 3334, 1301 Constitution 
Ave. NW, Washington, DC. The Public Reading Room hours of operation are 
8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. Eastern Standard Time (EST), Monday through 
Friday. The telephone number for the Public Reading Room is (202) 566-
1744, and the telephone number for the EPA Docket Center is (202) 566-
1742.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: For information about the National 
Volatile Organic Compound Emission Standards for Aerosol Coatings, 
contact Kaye Whitfield, U.S. EPA, Office of Air Quality Planning and 
Standards, Sector Policies and Programs Division, Minerals and 
Manufacturing Group (D243-02), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 
27711; telephone number: (919) 541-2509; fax number (919) 541-4991; and 
email address: [email protected]. For questions related to 
enforcement, contact John Cox, Office of Enforcement and Compliance 
Assurance, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. EPA WJC South 
Building (2221A), Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20460; 
telephone number: (202) 564-1395 and email address: [email protected]. 
For questions related to reporting, contact the EPA Regional Office 
where the regulated entity is located. For a complete list, see 
Addresses of EPA regional offices in 40 CFR 59.512.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: 
    Preamble acronyms and abbreviations. Throughout this document the 
use of ``we,'' ``us,'' or ``our'' is intended to refer to the EPA. We 
use multiple acronyms and terms in this preamble. While this list may 
not be exhaustive, to ease the reading of this preamble and for 
reference purposes, the EPA defines the following terms and acronyms 
here:

ACA American Coatings Association
ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials
CARB California Air Resources Board
CAA Clean Air Act
CBI Confidential Business Information
CDX Central Data Exchange
CEDRI Compliance and Emissions Data Reporting Interface
CFR Code of Federal Regulations
CRA Congressional Review Act
EJ Environmental Justice
EPA Environmental Protection Agency

[[Page 5698]]

FR Federal Register
g 03/g product grams of ozone per grams of product
IBR incorporation by reference
ICR Information Collection Request
MIR maximum incremental reactivity
NTTAA National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act
OMB Office of Management and Budget
PRA Paperwork Reduction Act
PWR product-weighted reactivity
RF reactivity factor
RFA Regulatory Flexibility Act
UMRA Unfunded Mandates Reform Act
VOC volatile organic compound

    Background information. The EPA promulgated ``The National Volatile 
Organic Compound Emission Standards for Aerosol Coatings,'' on March 
24, 2008 (73 FR 15604) and codified the action at 40 CFR part 59, 
subpart E (Sec. Sec.  59.500 through 59.516). The rule establishes 
nationwide VOC reactivity-based standards for the aerosol coatings 
source category under the statutory authority of section 183(e) of the 
CAA (42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq.). Section 183(e) requires the EPA to 
control VOC emissions from certain categories of consumer and 
commercial products for purposes of reducing VOC emissions that 
contribute to ozone formation and nonattainment of the ozone national 
ambient air quality standards (NAAQS).
    The EPA has amended the original aerosol coatings rule several 
times to respond to petitions and to make rule clarifications. Many of 
the amendments were in accordance with a provision in 40 CFR 59.511(j) 
that allows regulated entities who elect not to use the default 
reactivity factors (RF) to calculate PWR to ``. . . petition the 
Administrator to add a compound to table 2A, 2B, or 2C of this subpart. 
Petitions must include the chemical name, [Chemical Abstract Services] 
(CAS) number, a statement certifying the intent to use the compound in 
an aerosol coatings product, and adequate information for the 
Administrator to evaluate the reactivity of the compound and assign a 
RF . . .'' Accordingly, the EPA has amended the aerosol coatings rule 
to add 131 compounds, corresponding RFs, and CAS numbers for each 
compound or class of compounds listed in 40 CFR part 59, table 2 (79 FR 
29604). As for rule clarifications, the EPA has made revisions that 
clarify which VOC are to be quantified in compliance determinations (79 
FR 29604); to inform regulated entities that VOC normally exempt by 
definition under 40 CFR 51.100(s)(1) and (s)(5) must be counted as VOC 
for the purposes determining compliance with the aerosol coatings rule 
(74 FR 29595); and, to ensure that both the certifying entity and the 
regulated entity have full knowledge of responsibilities assumed by the 
certifying entity (74 FR 29595).
    More recently, on September 17, 2021, in response to petitions from 
American Coatings Association (ACA), the EPA proposed amendments to the 
aerosol coatings rule that promote consistency and uniformity between 
the California Air Resources Board (CARB) aerosol coating product 
regulation and the national aerosol coatings emission limitations, 
where appropriate (86 FR 51851).
    This action finalizes the Agency's response to the ACA petitions 
and makes additional revisions based on public comments the EPA 
received on the proposed action. For more information, see the docket 
for this action, Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OAR-2006-0971, and section IV. of 
this preamble.
    Organization of this document. The information in this preamble is 
organized as follows:

I. General Information
    A. Entities Potentially Affected by This Action
    B. Where can I get a copy of this document and other related 
information?
    C. Judicial Review and Administrative Reconsideration
II. Background
    A. What amendments have been made since promulgation of the 
original rule?
    B. What changes did we propose for the National Volatile Organic 
Compound Emission Standards for Aerosol Coatings source category on 
September 21, 2021?
III. Summary of the Final Standards and Changes Since Proposal
    A. Table 1 to Subpart E of Part 59: Product-Weighted Reactivity 
Limits by Coatings Category
    B. Table 2A, 2B, and 2C to Subpart E of Part 59: Reactivity 
Factors, Aliphatic Hydrocarbon Solvent Mixtures, and Aromatic 
Hydrocarbon Solvent Mixtures
    C. The Default Reactivity Factor
    D. VOC Regulated by the Rule
    E. Electronic Reporting of Notifications and Reports
    F. Test Methods
IV. Response to Significant Comments
    A. Compliance Date of the Rule
    B. Effective Date of the Rule
    C. Definitions
    D. VOC Regulated by the Rule
    E. Default Reactivity Factor
V. Summary of Impacts
    A. Environmental Impacts
    B. Energy Impacts
    C. Cost and Economic Impacts
VI. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews
    A. Executive Order 12866: Regulatory Planning and Review and 
Executive Order 14094: Modernizing Regulatory Review
    B. Paperwork Reduction Act (PRA)
    C. Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA)
    D. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (UMRA)
    E. Executive Order 13132: Federalism
    F. Executive Order 13175: Consultation and Coordination With 
Indian Tribal Governments
    G. Executive Order 13045: Protection of Children From 
Environmental Health Risks and Safety Risks
    H. Executive Order 13211: Actions Concerning Regulations That 
Significantly Affect Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use
    I. National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act (NTTAA) and 
1 CFR Part 51
    J. Executive Order 12898: Federal Actions To Address 
Environmental Justice in Minority Populations and Low-Income 
Populations and Executive Order 14096: Revitalizing Our Nation's 
Commitment to Environmental Justice for All
    K. Congressional Review Act (CRA)

I. General Information

A. Entities Potentially Affected by This Action

    The entities potentially affected by this regulation encompass 
those engaged in many aspects of the manufacture and sale of aerosol 
coatings. This includes manufacturers, processors, wholesale 
distributors, or importers of aerosol coating products for sale or 
distribution in interstate commerce in the United States, or 
manufacturers, processors, wholesale distributors, or importers who 
supply the entities listed above with aerosol coatings for sale or 
distribution in interstate commerce in the United States. In addition, 
affected entities include those listed in the North American Industry 
Classification System codes 32551 and 325998. This list is not intended 
to be exhaustive, but rather provides a guide for entities likely to be 
affected by this action. If you have any questions regarding the 
applicability of this action to a particular entity, consult the 
appropriate EPA contact listed in the FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT 
section of this preamble.

B. Where can I get a copy of this document and other related 
information?

    The EPA has established a docket for this rulemaking under Docket 
ID No. EPA-HQ-OAR-2006-0971. All documents in the dockets are listed in 
www.regulations.gov. In addition to being available in the docket, an 
electronic copy of this final action will also be available on the 
internet. Following signature by the EPA Administrator, the EPA will 
post a copy of this final action at www.epa.gov/stationary-sources-air-pollution/aerosol-coatings-national-volatile-organic-compound-emission. 
Following publication in the Federal Register, the

[[Page 5699]]

EPA will post the Federal Register version of the final rule and key 
technical documents at this same website.

C. Judicial Review and Administrative Reconsideration

    Under CAA section 307(b)(1), judicial review of this final action 
is available only by filing a petition for review in the United States 
Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit by March 18, 
2025. Under CAA section 307(b)(2), the requirements established by this 
final rule may not be challenged separately in any civil or criminal 
proceedings brought by the EPA to enforce the requirements. Section 
307(d)(7)(B) of the CAA further provides that only an objection to a 
rule or procedure which was raised with reasonable specificity during 
the period for public comment (including any public hearing) may be 
raised during judicial review. This section also provides a mechanism 
for the EPA to reconsider the rule if the person raising an objection 
can demonstrate to the Administrator that it was impracticable to raise 
such objection within the period for public comment or if the grounds 
for such objection arose after the period for public comment (but 
within the time specified for judicial review) and if such objection is 
of central relevance to the outcome of the rule. Any person seeking to 
make such a demonstration should submit a Petition for Reconsideration 
to the Office of the Administrator, U.S. EPA, Room 3000, WJC South 
Building, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave. NW, Washington, DC 20460, with a copy 
to both the person(s) listed in the preceding FOR FURTHER INFORMATION 
CONTACT section, and the Associate General Counsel for the Air and 
Radiation Law Office, Office of General Counsel (Mail Code 2344A), U.S. 
EPA, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave. NW, Washington, DC 20460.

II. Background

A. What amendments have been made since promulgation of the original 
rule?

    The EPA has amended the original aerosol coatings rule several 
times to respond to petitions and to make rule clarifications. Many of 
the amendments were in accordance with a provision in 40 CFR 59.511(j) 
that allows regulated entities who elect not to use the default RF to 
calculate PWR to ``. . . petition the Administrator to add a compound 
to table 2A, 2B, or 2C of this subpart. Petitions must include the 
chemical name, [Chemical Abstract Services] (CAS) number, a statement 
certifying the intent to use the compound in an aerosol coatings 
product, and adequate information for the Administrator to evaluate the 
reactivity of the compound and assign a RF . . .'' As such, the EPA has 
amended the rule to add 131 compounds, corresponding reactivity 
factors, and CAS numbers for each compound or class of compounds listed 
in 40 CFR part 59 table 2 (79 FR 29604). As for rule clarifications, 
the EPA has made revisions to clarify which volatile organic compounds 
must be quantified in compliance determinations (79 FR 29604); to 
inform regulated entities that VOC normally exempt by definition under 
40 CFR 51.100(s)(1) and (s)(5) are to be counted as VOC for the 
purposes determining compliance with this rule (74 FR 29595); and to 
ensure that both the certifying entity and the regulated entity have 
full knowledge of responsibilities assumed by the certifying entity (74 
FR 29595).

B. What changes did we propose for the National Volatile Organic 
Compound Emission Standards for Aerosol Coatings source category on 
September 21, 2021?

    On September 17, 2021, in response to petitions from ACA, the EPA 
proposed amendments to the standards that promote consistency and 
uniformity between the CARB aerosol coating product regulation and the 
EPA aerosol coatings rule emission limitations, where appropriate (86 
FR 51851). This action finalizes the Agency's response to the ACA 
petitions and makes additional revisions based on public comments 
received on the proposal. For more information, see the docket for this 
action, Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OAR-2006-0971, and section IV. of this 
preamble.

III. Summary of the Final Standards and Changes Since Proposal

A. Table 1 to Subpart E of Part 59: Product-Weighted Reactivity Limits 
by Coatings Category

    This final rule updates the PWR limits for the coating categories 
listed in table 1 of 40 CFR part 59, subpart E. The changes, which are 
based on updates to the relative reactivity scale that underlies both 
the reactivity factors and limits, will further decrease the 
contribution of aerosol coatings to ozone formation.
    In addition, the EPA is adopting identical category names and 
limits as those in CARB's aerosol coating product regulation and, where 
possible, including them in the EPA's national aerosol coatings rule in 
table 1 of 40 CFR part 59, subpart E. This amendment also led to the 
Agency combining two sets of coatings subcategories into two main 
categories and adding corresponding limits for those categories, as 
follows:
     The subcategories ``enamel,'' ``lacquer,'' and ``clear or 
metallic'' coatings are now subsumed under the category heading, 
``Hobby/Model/Craft Coatings,'' with a category limit of 1.6 grams of 
ozone per gram of VOC (g O3/g VOC); and
     The subcategories ``clear'' and ``pigmented'' coatings are 
now subsumed under the category heading, ``Shellac Sealers,'' with a 
category limit of1.00 g O3/g VOC.
    The EPA also is adding six new specialty coating categories and 
imposing corresponding emission limitations for consistency with CARB's 
aerosol coating product regulation, as follows:
     ``Electrical/Electronic/Conformal Coatings,'' with a 
category limit of 2.00 O3/g VOC;
     ``Flexible Coatings,'' with a category limit of 1.60 
O3/g VOC;
     ``Mold Release Coatings,'' with a category limit of 1.10 
O3/g VOC;
     ``Rust Converter,'' with a category limit of 1.10 
O3/g VOC;
     ``Two Component Coating,'' with a category of 1.20 
O3/g VOC; and
     ``Uniform Finish Coating,'' with a category limit of 1.30 
O3/g VOC.

B. Table 2A, 2B, and 2C to Subpart E of Part 59: Reactivity Factors, 
Aliphatic Hydrocarbon Solvent Mixtures, and Aromatic Hydrocarbon 
Solvent Mixtures

    The EPA is finalizing amendments to 40 CFR part 59 subpart E, 
tables 2A, 2B, and 2C by adding 17 new compounds and corresponding RF 
to table 2A, and by updating the RF of one existing compound mixture to 
table 2B. Of the 17 new compound additions to table 2A, 15 have an 
assigned maximum incremental reactivity (MIR) value in CARB's aerosol 
coatings regulation, which the Agency is adopting as RF values in this 
final action. The EPA is also finalizing the addition of two remaining 
compounds to table 2A: trans-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (HFO-
1233zdE), CAS 102687-65-0, and diethyl carbonate, CAS 105-58-8, with 
RFs of 0.04 g O3/g VOC and 0.71 g O3/g VOC, 
respectively. The RFs that the EPA has assigned to these two compounds 
are based on MIR values

[[Page 5700]]

derived by Venecek \1\ and Carter,\2\ respectively.
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    \1\ Venecek, Melissa (2020). Estimating Maximum Incremental 
Reactivity for Diethyl Carbonate. Final Report. Sacramento, 
California: Technical Development Section, Consumer Products and Air 
Quality Assessment Branch, Air Quality Planning and Science 
Division, California Air Resources Board.
    \2\ Carter, William (2009). Investigation of Atmospheric Ozone 
Impacts of Trans 1-Chloro-3,3,3--Trifluoropropene, Final Report. 
Riverside, California: Center for Environmental Research and 
Technology, University of California.
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    One of the compounds the EPA is adding, dipropylene glycol 
monomethyl ether, CAS 34590-94-8, is a mixture of isomers. Another 
compound, 2-[2-methoxypropoxy]-1-propanol, CAS 13588-28-8, is an isomer 
of dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, which is already on table 2A; 
and the EPA is assigning both of those compounds an RF of 2.58 g 
O3/g VOC.
    In addition to adding the new compounds listed above, the EPA is 
updating reactivity factors in tables 2A, 2B, and 2C for other 
compounds already addressed in the EPA's aerosol coatings rule to align 
with the MIR values in the current CARB aerosol coating product 
regulation.\3\ This will maintain the internal consistency of the 
relative reactivity scale and changes to the limits finalized in 40 CFR 
part 59 subpart E, table 1. The updates to the existing RFs listed in 
tables 2A, 2B, and 2C will take effect on January 17, 2025. Regulated 
entities who are already formulating their products to meet CARB's 
aerosol coating product regulation may elect to use the new RFs and 
meet the new category emission limitations of the EPA's aerosol 
coatings rule upon the effective date of this action. However, 
regulated entities must use the new RFs and meet the new emission 
limitations by the compliance date. All regulated entities must come 
into compliance with all provisions in this final rule by July 17, 
2025.
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    \3\ Title 17, CCR, Sections 94700-94701.
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C. The Default Reactivity Factor

    In the EPA's original national aerosol coatings rule, if a 
regulated entity used a VOC in an aerosol coating formulation that was 
not listed in tables 2A, 2B, or 2C, it was assigned a default RF of 
22.04 g O3/g VOC (see 40 CFR 59.505(e)(4) and 59.511(j)). In 
this final action, we reset the default RF for VOCs of unknown 
reactivity consistent with the methodology used in the original aerosol 
coatings rule, whereby we identified the VOC with the maximum RF value 
in table 2A, and then assigned that value as the default RF for any VOC 
that is not listed with a specific RF (73 FR 15610). Therefore, the EPA 
is resetting the default RF to 18.50 g O3/g VOC, the highest 
value in table 2A of this final action. Furthermore, the EPA is 
finalizing two additional requirements related to the default RF. 
First, regulated entities shall include the name and CAS number of all 
VOCs for which they are using the default RF, as specified in the 
reporting requirements in 40 CFR 59.511. Second, if a regulated entity 
uses a VOC in a product that is not listed in table 2A, but its isomer 
is listed in table 2A, then the regulated entity shall use the RF of 
the isomer. If more than one isomer of that VOC, or mixtures of the 
isomers of that VOC, is listed in table 2A, then the regulated entity 
shall use the highest RF associated with the listed isomers or isomer 
mixtures.

D. VOC Regulated by the Rule

    The EPA is not making changes to the current definition of VOC in 
40 CFR 51.100(s)(7) in this final action. However, it is important to 
note that in the original aerosol coatings rule, the EPA amended the 
regulatory definition of VOC to remove the exemption of specific 
organic compounds identified in 40 CFR 51.100(s)(1) and (s)(5) for 
purposes of determining compliance with the reactivity-based emission 
limitations in the aerosol coatings rule. Thus, 40 CFR 51.100(s)(7) 
provides that ``any organic compound in the volatile portion of an 
aerosol coating is counted towards the product's reactivity-based 
limit, as provided in part 59, subpart E. Therefore, the compounds that 
are used in aerosol coating products and that are identified in 
paragraph (s) of this section as negligibly reactive and excluded from 
the EPA's definition of VOC are to be counted towards a product's 
reactivity limit for the purposes of determining compliance with the 
EPA's aerosol coatings reactivity-based national regulation, as 
provided in part 59, subpart E.'' To eliminate consideration of VOC 
that make de minimis contributions to a product's overall reactivity in 
the original aerosol coatings rule, the EPA also excluded from the 
applicable emission limitations those compounds that: (a) contribute 
less than 0.1 percent of the product weight (regardless of their RF); 
and (b) have reactivities less than ethane and comprise less than 7.3 
percent of product weight. We explained the basis for the derivation of 
the 7.3 percent threshold and its relationship to the RF for ethane and 
the default RF in the original rulemaking (see 73 FR 15604). In this 
action, the EPA is finalizing amendments to the aerosol coatings rule 
to retain part (a), where compounds that comprise less than 0.1 percent 
of the product weight are excluded from the product's mass-weighted 
reactivity, but eliminate part (b), the exclusion of low reactivity 
compounds that comprise more than 0.3 percent but less than 7.3 percent 
of the product weight.

E. Electronic Reporting of Notifications and Reports

    The EPA is also finalizing the revision to the aerosol coatings 
rule to require that regulated entities submit electronic copies of 
required notifications and reports in template format through the EPA's 
Central Data Exchange (CDX) using the Compliance and Emissions Data 
Reporting Interface (CEDRI), instead of the current hard copy 
submission requirement. A description of the electronic data submission 
process is provided in the memorandum Electronic Reporting Requirements 
for New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) and National Emission 
Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP) Rules, available in the 
docket for this action. For the nine notifications and reports in the 
aerosol coatings rule, (i.e., Temporary Variances, Initial 
Notification, Change to Information in Initial Notification, Response 
to Written Notification, Exemption Claim Initial Notification, 
Exemption Claim Annual Report, Notice of Certifying Entity to Maintain 
Records, Notice Rescinding Certification and Triennial Report), this 
final rule requires that regulated entities use the appropriate 
spreadsheet template to submit information to CEDRI. A final version of 
the spreadsheet template for these notifications and reports is 
included in the docket and on the CEDRI web page.\4\ The EPA has also 
updated the spreadsheet in response to the comments received on the 
proposal.
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    \4\ www.epa.gov/electronic-reporting-air-emissions/cedri.
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    Furthermore, the EPA is finalizing revisions to the aerosol 
coatings rule that provide owners and operators the ability to seek 
extensions for submitting electronic reports for circumstances beyond 
the control of the facility, i.e., for a possible outage in the CDX or 
CEDRI or for a force majeure event, in the time just prior to a 
report's due date, as well as the process to assert such a claim.

F. Test Methods

    Regulated entities may use formulation data to demonstrate 
compliance with the emission limitations in the aerosol coatings rule. 
However, it is also necessary to have test methods in place that can be 
used

[[Page 5701]]

by regulated entities, the EPA, or others to verify the accuracy of 
formulation data and determine compliance with the reactivity limits. 
In this final action, we are not requiring new test methods; instead, 
the EPA is amending the aerosol coatings rule to require use of the 
updated version of CARB Method 310, ``Determination of Volatile Organic 
Compounds (VOC) in Consumer Products and Reactive Organic Compounds in 
Aerosol Coating Products,'' May 25, 2018, when verifying compliance 
using test methods. For measurement of specular gloss, the EPA will 
continue to require regulated entities to use, ``Standard Test Method 
for Specular Gloss,'' ASTM Method D523-08 (2008), formerly ASTM D523-89 
(1999). As noted in section IV.A. of this preamble, regulated entities 
may elect to use the updated RFs and meet the revised emission 
limitations in this final rule in advance of the compliance date, but 
if they do so they must use the updated test methods.

IV. Response to Significant Comments

    The EPA received a total of eight letters commenting on the 
September 17, 2021, proposed rule. Significant comments and the EPA's 
responses appear in this preamble; however, a summary of all public 
comments and the EPA's responses are contained in the document titled, 
``Summary of Public Comments and Responses for the National Volatile 
Organic Compound Emissions for Aerosol Coatings--Amendments,'' located 
in the docket for this action, Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OAR-2006-0971. 
Copies of all the comment letters are available at the EPA docket 
Center Public Reading Room and electronically through 
www.regulations.gov by searching Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OAR-2006-0971.

A. Compliance Date of the Rule

    Four commenters requested that the EPA establish a 2-year 
compliance date for the revisions being made to the aerosol coatings 
rule in this final action. The commenters argue that sufficient time 
will be needed for manufacturers to comply with the new VOC MIR 
emission limitations if they do not already manufacture aerosol coating 
products for sale in California. In addition, one of the commenters 
asserts that a two-year compliance date will ensure that industry has 
sufficient time to reformulate their products and adapt their 
distribution methods to implement the amended rule's requirements 
effectively and efficiently. According to the commenter, when a rule is 
amended, industry requires a reasonable amount of lead time to adjust 
formulations and supply chain processes to ensure compliance with VOC 
limits, labeling, and reporting requirements. Additionally, commenters 
state that manufacturers will need sufficient time to properly 
communicate these changes to their distributors and retail customers to 
ensure compliance with amended VOC emission limitations. Therefore, the 
commenters assert, a compliance date of two years after publication of 
a final rule would give industry enough time to reformulate with the 
updated/added compounds and ensure compliance with the new coatings 
category limits.
    The EPA agrees that, especially for regulated entities that do not 
manufacture or sell products in California, additional time may be 
needed to come into compliance with the amendments to the aerosol 
coatings rule. However, the EPA has determined that the two-year 
compliance period requested by commenters is not warranted, because 
based upon information available to the agency most, if not all, 
manufacturers of aerosol coatings already manufacture products that 
meet the CARB emission limitations, either for themselves or for 
others. Commenters did not identify any specific manufacturers of 
aerosol coatings who do not do so. Nevertheless, in this final action, 
the EPA is providing additional time for manufactures to make any 
necessary adjustments by finalizing a six-month compliance date for the 
revised aerosol coatings rule requirements.
    It is important to note that the effective date of this rule is the 
date of publication in the Federal Register, or January 17, 2025. In 
the intervening six months, all regulated entities are subject to the 
aerosol coatings rule in its current form but may elect to start 
complying with the amended aerosol coatings rule. This means that 
regulated entities, including those that are currently in compliance 
with the CARB aerosol coating product regulation on the effective date 
of this rule, may elect to begin complying immediately. However, all 
regulated entities shall come into compliance with all the provisions 
in this final action by July 17, 2025. The original tables with values 
for the PWR emission limits by coatings category and the reactivity 
factors are in appendix A--table 1 and tables 2A, 2B and 2C of this 
final action.

B. Effective Date of the Final Rule

    Several commenters recommend that the EPA allow industry to use the 
new and updated RF values immediately, once they are finalized and 
published in the Federal Register. The commenters assert that this 
would allow industry to use the new and updated reactivity values in 
their formulations to come into compliance with the new coatings 
category limits in table 1 sooner.
    The EPA agrees that this is appropriate. We note that the effective 
date of this rule indicates when regulated entities may elect to begin 
meeting the new aerosol coatings product-weighted coating category 
emission limitations in 40 CFR part 59, subpart E--table 1 using the 
corresponding reactivity factors in 40 CFR part 59, subpart E--table 2. 
The Agency directs the commenters to 40 CFR 59.502 and the DATES 
section of this preamble, where the effective date of the rule is the 
date of publication in the Federal Register, or January 17, 2025. 
Therefore, regulated entities may begin meeting the new emission 
limitations and using corresponding reactivity factors immediately upon 
publication of this final rule. The EPA emphasizes that all regulated 
entities must do so by the compliance date. Also note that, although 
regulated entities may elect to begin to use the new RF values 
immediately on January 17, 2025, the EPA is granting a six-month 
compliance date.
    In summary, the EPA has added a provision to 40 CFR 59.502 to 
clarify that regulated entities may elect to begin meeting the new 
coating category product-weighted limits in 40 CFR part 59, subpart E--
table 1 and use the corresponding reactivity factors in 40 CFR part 59, 
subpart E--table 2 upon the effective date of the rule, or January 17, 
2025. However, all regulated entities must come into compliance with 
all the revised provisions in the amended aerosol coatings rule by July 
17, 2025.
    For the reasons discussed above, this final rule is effective 
immediately upon publication. Section 553(d)(3) of the Administrative 
Procedure Act (``APA''), 5 U.S.C. 553(d), provides that final rules 
shall not become effective until 30 days after publication in the 
Federal Register ``except . . . as otherwise provided by the agency for 
good cause.'' The purpose of this provision is to ``give affected 
parties a reasonable time to adjust their behavior before the final 
rule takes effect.'' Omnipoint Corp. v. Fed. Commc'n Comm'n, 78 F.3d 
620, 630 (D.C. Cir. 1996). Thus, in determining whether good cause 
exists to waive the 30-day delay, an agency should ``balance the 
necessity for immediate implementation against principles of 
fundamental fairness which require that all affected persons be 
afforded a reasonable amount of time to prepare for

[[Page 5702]]

the effective date of its ruling.'' Gavrilovic, 551 F.2d at 1105. The 
EPA has determined that there is good cause for making this final rule 
effective immediately because, as noted above, regulated entities do 
not need to come into compliance with the revised provisions for 
another 181 days--that is, by July 17, 2025.

C. Definitions

    Several commenters requested changes, additions, or deletions to 
the list of definitions included in the aerosol coatings rule. When 
CARB amended its aerosol coating product regulation in 2013, one 
commenter stated that they worked diligently with CARB staff to update 
the definitions so that they correctly characterized industry's 
products. The commenter noted that further alignment with the 
definitions in CARB's aerosol coatings regulation is critical and will 
assist with industry compliance.
    The EPA evaluated the commenters' suggestions and has revised some 
definitions in the updated aerosol coatings rule. Where appropriate, we 
have amended definitions in the EPA aerosol coatings rule to be 
consistent with the CARB's definitions. For example, for consistency, 
we have eliminated the use of the word ``paint'' in both category names 
and in definitions and replaced it with the more correct term 
``coating.'' We have removed words from definitions that needlessly 
limited a definition, as suggested by commenters. The EPA has removed 
the term ``synthetic'' from the definition of slip-resistant coatings 
because it is possible that such a product could use non-synthetic 
material. We have also removed the term ``elemental'' from the 
definition of metallic coating, as recommended by a commenter.
    In several cases, we are unable to make the changes suggested by 
the commenters. The EPA does not agree that a claim made by a regulated 
entity on a label, or on a ``principal display panel'' as specified in 
CARB's rule, is sufficient to define a category. Our definitions are 
based solely on the function of the coating and not on the printed 
claims. Therefore, we will not add a sentence to coatings that defer to 
a ``principal display panel,'' nor will we include a definition of that 
term in this final rule. In addition, we will not include definitions 
of several terms recommended by the commenter but are not used in the 
EPA's aerosol coatings rule. For example, the term ``Reactivity Limit'' 
is the term used by CARB in its aerosol coating product regulation, 
while ``Product-Weighted Reactivity (PWR) limit'' is the term that the 
EPA uses in the national aerosol coatings rule. The EPA is not adding a 
definition for the term ``Reactivity Limit'' to the list of definitions 
because the Agency does not use this term in the aerosol coatings rule.
    A more complete discussion of the individual changes to definitions 
is included in the ``Summary of Public Comments and Responses for the 
National Volatile Organic Compound Emissions for Aerosol Coatings--
Amendments,'' Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OAR-2006-0971.

D. VOC Regulated by the Rule

    The EPA proposed to retain a provision that excludes from the 
applicable limits those compounds that contribute less than 0.1 percent 
of the product weight (regardless of their RF) and eliminate a 
provision from 40 CFR 59.505 that excludes low reactivity compounds 
that comprise more than 0.1 percent but less than 7.3 percent of the 
product weight. The EPA received several comments supporting this 
revision and one that opposed it, based upon concerns that the 
exclusion of compounds could have unintended adverse impacts. The EPA 
has concluded that it is appropriate to make the proposed revisions and 
thus, we are amending 40 CFR 59.505 of this final rule, accordingly. We 
respond to the adverse comment in more detail in response to comment 
document titled, ``Summary of Public Comments and Responses for the 
National Volatile Organic Compound Emissions for Aerosol Coatings--
Amendments,'' Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OAR-2006-0971.

E. Default Reactivity Factor

    Five commenters suggested that the EPA adopt a default RF of 11.97 
g O3/g VOC to align with CARB's default MIR value.
    The EPA considered whether to adopt CARB's default MIR value as the 
EPA's default RF in the amended national aerosol coatings rule but is 
declining to do so. The EPA's methodology for setting a default RF 
value in the original aerosol coatings rule was to require regulated 
entities to use the maximum RF value for the compounds specified in 
table 2. The EPA has used this conservative methodology for setting the 
default RF to help to ensure the protection of public health by 
reducing ozone that may result from new and/or previously unstudied 
VOCs. Consistent with this preferred methodology and considering the 
updates to RF values in table 2, the EPA is resetting the default RF to 
18.50 g O3/g VOC in this final action.

V. Summary of Impacts

A. Environmental Impacts

    There are no anticipated environmental impacts from compliance with 
this final rule. The revisions to the aerosol coatings rule in this 
final action are minor and not expected to result in net changes to an 
aerosol coating product's potential to form ozone because the overall 
average changes to the values used to measure reactivity of a given 
regulated product, i.e., category emission limitations and RFs, are 
small compared to the values in the original rule. The final action is, 
however, expected to improve upon the original aerosol coatings rule by 
making updates (e.g., adding new compounds, updating reactivity 
factors, and adding electronic reporting) that promote consistency and 
uniformity between State and national regulations. The EPA anticipates 
that this final action will maintain the level of environmental 
protection to populations in affected ozone nonattainment areas without 
having any disproportionately high and adverse human health or 
environmental effects on any populations, including communities with 
environmental justice (EJ) concerns.

B. Energy Impacts

    There are no adverse energy impacts anticipated from compliance 
with this final rule.

C. Cost and Economic Impacts

    There are no adverse economic impacts anticipated from compliance 
with this final rule. This action primarily updates reactivity tables 
and factors and adds electronic reporting provisions.

VI. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews

    Additional information about these statutes and Executive Orders 
can be found at www.epa.gov/laws-regulations/laws-and-executive-orders.

A. Executive Order 12866: Regulatory Planning and Review and Executive 
Order 14094: Modernizing Regulatory Review

    This action is not a significant regulatory action as defined in 
Executive Order 12866, as amended by Executive Order 14094, and was 
therefore not subject to a requirement for Executive Order 12866 
review.

B. Paperwork Reduction Act (PRA)

    The information collection requirements in this final rule have 
been

[[Page 5703]]

submitted for approval to OMB under the PRA. The information collection 
request (ICR) document that the EPA prepared for this action has been 
assigned OMB control number 2060-0617, EPA ICR Number 2289.06. You can 
find a copy of the ICR in the docket for this rule, and it is briefly 
summarized here. The information collection requirements are not 
enforceable until OMB approves them. There is no increase in burden 
associated with this action because the rule primarily adds compounds 
and reactivity factors, updates category limits and reactivity factors, 
and adds electronic reporting provisions. The burden associated with 
the change from paper to electronic reporting in this final action will 
not increase significantly because of this action, and results in a 
slight decrease in the annual average burden for reporters. In the 
short term, regulated entities will need time to become familiar with 
the new reporting scheme and template. In the long term, however, the 
Agency anticipates that electronic reporting will reduce the burden as 
regulated entities become more familiar with the electronic reporting 
process. Additionally, there is a decrease in burden due to a decrease 
in respondents, which is due to updated information on the number of 
sources.
    Respondents/affected entities: Manufacturers, distributors, and 
importers of aerosol coatings.
    Respondent's obligation to respond: Mandatory (40 CFR part 59, 
subpart E).
    Estimated number of respondents: 47.
    Frequency of response: Initially, triennially, and occasionally.
    Total estimated burden: 9,562 hours (per year). Burden is defined 
at 5 CFR 1320.3(b).
    Total estimated cost: $740,520 (per year), includes no annualized 
capital or operation and maintenance costs.
    An agency may not conduct or sponsor, and a person is not required 
to respond to, a collection of information unless it displays a 
currently valid OMB control number. The OMB control numbers for the 
EPA's regulations in 40 CFR are listed in 40 CFR part 9. When OMB 
approves this ICR, the Agency will announce that approval in the 
Federal Register and publish a technical amendment to 40 CFR part 9 to 
display the OMB control number for the approved information collection 
activities contained in this final rule.

C. Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA)

    I certify that this action will not have a significant economic 
impact on a substantial number of small entities under the RFA. In 
making this determination, the EPA concludes that the impact of concern 
for this rule is any significant adverse economic impact on small 
entities and that the Agency is certifying that this rule will not have 
a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities 
because the rule has no net increase in burden on the small entities 
subject to the rule. The EPA has determined that small entities will 
incur a reduction in burden over the long term because the primary 
revisions to the aerosol coatings rule include updating coating 
categories in table 1, adding compounds to table 2, and adding an 
electronic reporting provision, where the method of reporting from 
paper to electronic is the only change. The burden associated with the 
change from paper to electronic reporting will not increase 
significantly because of this action, at least in the long term. Small 
entities will need time to become familiar with the new reporting 
scheme and template. However, in the long term, the Agency anticipates 
that, because electronic reporting is more efficient than paper 
reporting, the burden will be reduced as small entities become more 
familiar with the electronic reporting process. We have therefore 
concluded that this action will have no net regulatory burden for all 
directly regulated small entities.

D. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (UMRA)

    This final action does not contain an unfunded mandate of $100 
million (adjusted annually for inflation) or more (in 1995 dollars) as 
described in UMRA, 2 U.S.C. 1531-1538, and does not significantly or 
uniquely affect small governments. The costs involved in this action 
are estimated not to exceed $183 million in 2023 dollars ($100 million 
in 1995 dollars adjusted for inflation using the GDP implicit price 
deflator) or more in any one year.

E. Executive Order 13132: Federalism

    This action does not have federalism implications. It will not have 
substantial direct effects on the States, on the relationship between 
the national government and the States, or on the distribution of power 
and responsibilities among the various levels of government.

F. Executive Order 13175: Consultation and Coordination With Indian 
Tribal Governments

    This action does not have Tribal implications as specified in 
Executive Order 13175. The final regulatory action does not have a 
substantial direct effect on one or more Indian Tribes, in that this 
action imposes no regulatory burdens on Tribes. Thus, Executive Order 
13175 does not apply to this action.

G. Executive Order 13045: Protection of Children From Environmental 
Health Risks and Safety Risks

    The EPA interprets Executive Order 13045 as applying only to those 
regulatory actions that concern environmental health or safety risks 
that the EPA has reason to believe may disproportionately affect 
children, per the definition of ``covered regulatory action'' in 
section 2-202 of the Executive Order. Therefore, this final action is 
not subject to Executive Order 13045 because it does not concern an 
increase in an adverse or environmental health risk or safety risk. 
Since this action does not concern human health, the EPA's Policy on 
Children's Health does not apply.

H. Executive Order 13211 Actions Concerning Regulations That 
Significantly Affect Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use

    This action is not subject to Executive Order 13211 because it is 
not a significant regulatory action under Executive Order 12866.

I. National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act (NTTAA) and 1 CFR 
Part 51

    The national VOC emission standards for aerosol coatings involves 
technical standards; however, no new technical standards are being 
finalized in this action. Instead, the EPA is amending this final rule 
to require that regulated entities use an updated version of an 
existing test method. As such, we conducted searches for the national 
VOC standards for aerosol coatings through the Enhanced NSSN Database 
managed by the American National Standards Institute. We also contacted 
VCS organizations and accessed and searched their databases. Searches 
were conducted for EPA Method 311 of 40 CFR part 63, appendix A. During 
the search, if the title or abstract (if provided) of the VCS described 
technical sampling and analytical procedures that are like the EPA's 
reference method, the EPA considered it as a potential equivalent 
method. All potential standards were reviewed to determine the 
practicality of the VCS for this final rule. This review requires 
significant method validation data which meets the requirements of EPA 
Method 301 for accepting alternative methods or scientific, engineering 
and policy equivalence to procedures in EPA reference methods. The EPA 
may

[[Page 5704]]

reconsider determinations of impracticality when additional information 
is available for particular VCS. One voluntary consensus standard was 
identified as an acceptable alternative to the EPA test method for the 
purposes of this rule. The voluntary consensus standard, CARB Method 
310, ``Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds in Consumer Products 
and Reactive Organic Compounds in Aerosol Coating Products'' amended 
May 25, 2018 is an acceptable alternative to EPA Method 311 for 
determining speciated ingredients and weight percentage of each 
ingredient of each aerosol coating product. This method is used to 
determine the weight percent of VOC in consumer products and reactive 
organic compounds in aerosol coating products and is available from the 
California Air Resources Board (CARB), 1001 I Street, Sacramento, CA 
95814. See ww2.arb.ca.gov. In addition, the EPA is incorporating by 
reference the ASTM D523-08, Standard Test Method for Specular Gloss. 
This test method is used to measure light reflectiveness of paints, 
coatings and smooth surface materials and is referenced in CARB Method 
310. It covers the measurement of the specular gloss of nonmetallic 
specimens for glossmeter geometries of 60, 20 and 85 degrees and is 
available at ASTM, International, 1850 M Street NW, Suite 1030, 
Washington, DC 20036. See www.astm.org.

J. Executive Order 12898: Federal Actions To Address Environmental 
Justice in Minority Populations and Low-Income Populations and 
Executive Order 14096: Revitalizing Our Nation's Commitment to 
Environmental Justice for All

    The EPA believes that the human health and environmental conditions 
that existed prior to this action do not result in disproportionate and 
adverse effects on communities with environmental justice concerns. As 
stated in section V.A. of the preamble of this action, there are no 
anticipated adverse environmental impacts and no adverse economic 
impacts anticipated from compliance with this final rule.
    The EPA believes that this action is not likely to result in new 
disproportionate and adverse effects on communities with environmental 
justice concerns. As stated in section I. of this action, section 
183(e) of the CAA requires the control of VOC emissions from certain 
categories of consumer and commercial products for purposes of reducing 
VOC emissions contributing to ozone formation and nonattainment of the 
ozone NAAQS. The health and environmental risks associated with ozone 
were considered in the establishment of the ozone NAAQS. The level is 
designed to be protective of the public with an adequate margin of 
safety. Accordingly, these actions would help increase the level of 
environmental protection to populations in affected ozone nonattainment 
areas without having any disproportionately high and adverse human 
health or environmental effects on any populations, including 
communities with environmental justice concerns.

K. Congressional Review Act (CRA)

    This action is subject to the CRA, and the EPA will submit a rule 
report to each House of the Congress and to the Comptroller General of 
the United States. This action is not a ``major rule'' as defined by 5 
U.S.C. 804(2).

List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 59

    Environmental protection, Administrative practice and procedure, 
Aerosol coatings, Air pollution control, Coatings, Incorporation by 
reference, Reactivity.

Jane Nishida,
Acting Administrator.

    For the reasons stated in the preamble, the Environmental 
Protection Agency is amending part 59 of title 40, chapter I, of the 
Code of Federal Regulations as follows:

PART 59--NATIONAL VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUND EMISSION STANDARDS FOR 
CONSUMER AND COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS

0
1. The authority citation for part 59 continues to read as follows:

    Authority:  42 U.S.C. 7414 and 7511b(e).

Subpart E--National Volatile Organic Compound Emission Standards 
for Aerosol Coatings

0
2. Amend Sec.  59.502 by revising paragraph (a) and adding paragraph 
(d) to read as follows:


Sec.  59.502  When do I have to comply with this subpart?

    (a) Except as provided in Sec.  59.509 and paragraphs (b) and (c) 
of this section, you must be in compliance with all provisions of this 
subpart by July 17, 2025.
* * * * *
    (d) Until July 17, 2025 appendix A--table 1, appendix A--table 2A, 
appendix A--table 2B, appendix A--table 2C and the test methods listed 
in appendix A table 3 to subpart E of part 59 are applicable to this 
subpart. Prior to July 17, 2025 regulated entities may elect to use 
tables 1, 2A, 2B, and 2C. If a regulated entity elects to do so, it 
shall use the test methods specified in Sec.  59.508 of this subpart. 
After July 17, 2025 tables 1, 2A, 2B, and 2C, and the test methods 
specified in Sec.  59.508 of this subpart are applicable.

0
3. Revise Sec.  59.503 to read as follows:


Sec.  59.503  What definitions apply to this subpart?

    The following terms are defined for the purposes of this subpart 
only.
    Administrator means the Administrator of the United States 
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) or an authorized representative.
    Aerosol coating product means a pressurized coating product 
containing pigments or resins that is dispensed by means of a 
propellant and is packaged in a disposable container for hand-held 
application, or for use in specialized equipment for ground traffic/
marking applications. For this regulation, applicable aerosol coatings 
categories are listed in table 1 of this subpart.
    Art fixative or sealant means a clear coating, including art 
varnish, workable art fixative and ceramic coating, which is designed 
and labeled exclusively for application to paintings, pencil, chalk, or 
pastel drawings, ceramic art pieces or other closely related art uses, 
in order to provide a final protective coating or to fix preliminary 
stages of artwork while providing a workable surface for subsequent 
revisions.
    ASTM means ASTM International.
    Autobody primer means an automotive primer or primer surfacer 
coating designed and labeled exclusively to be applied to a vehicle 
body substrate for the purposes of corrosion resistance, increased 
intercoat adhesion, or building a repair area to a condition in which, 
after drying, it can be sanded to a smooth surface.
    Automotive bumper and trim product means a product, including 
adhesion promoters and chip sealants, designed, and labeled exclusively 
to repair and refinish automotive bumpers and plastic trim parts.
    Aviation or marine primer means a coating designed and labeled 
exclusively to meet federal specification TT-P-1757.
    Aviation propeller coating means a coating designed and labeled 
exclusively to provide abrasion resistance and corrosion protection for 
aircraft propellers.
    Clear coating means a coating which is colorless or transparent, 
containing resins but no pigments except flatting agents, and is 
designed and labeled to form a transparent or translucent solid film.

[[Page 5705]]

    Coating means a material applied onto or impregnated into a 
substrate for protective, decorative, or functional purposes.
    Coating solids means the nonvolatile portion of an aerosol coating 
product, consisting of the film-forming ingredients, including pigments 
and resins.
    Commercial application means the use of aerosol coating products in 
the production of goods, or the providing of services for profit, 
including touch-up and repair.
    Corrosion resistant brass, bronze, or copper coating means a clear 
coating designed and labeled exclusively to prevent tarnish and 
corrosion of uncoated brass, bronze, or copper metal surfaces.
    Distributor means any person who purchases or is supplied aerosol 
coating product for the purposes of resale or distribution in commerce. 
Retailers who fall within this definition are distributors. Importers 
are not distributors.
    Electrical/electronic/conformal coating means a coating designed 
and labeled exclusively to coat electrical or electronic components or 
devices.
    Enamel means a coating which cures by chemical cross-linking of its 
base resin and is not resoluble in its original solvent.
    Engine paint means a coating designed and labeled exclusively to 
coat engines and their components.
    Exact match finish, automotive means a topcoat which meets all of 
the following criteria:
    (1) The product is designed and labeled exclusively to exactly 
match the color of an original, factory-applied automotive coating 
during the touch-up of automobile finishes;
    (2) The product is labeled with the manufacturer's name for which 
it is formulated; and
    (3) The product is labeled with one of the following:
    (i) The original equipment manufacturer's (O.E.M.) color code 
number;
    (ii) The color name; or
    (iii) Other designation identifying the specific O.E.M. color to 
the purchaser.
    Notwithstanding the foregoing, automotive clear coatings designed 
and labeled exclusively for use over automotive exact match finishes to 
replicate the original factory-applied finish shall be considered to be 
automotive exact match finishes.
    Exact match finish, engine enamel coating means an enamel coating 
which meets all of the following criteria:
    (1) The product is designed and labeled exclusively to exactly 
match the color of an original, factory-applied engine paint;
    (2) The product is labeled with the manufacturer's name for which 
it is formulated; and
    (3) The product is labeled with one of the following:
    (i) The O.E.M. color code number;
    (ii) The color name; or
    (iii) Other designation identifying the specific O.E.M. color to 
the purchaser.
    Exact match finish, industrial means a coating which meets all of 
the following criteria:
    (1) The product is designed and labeled exclusively to exactly 
match the color of an original, factory-applied industrial coating 
during the touch-up of manufactured products;
    (2) The product is labeled with the manufacturer's name for which 
it is formulated;
    and
    (3) The product is labeled with one of the following:
    (i) O.E.M. color code number;
    (ii) The color name; or
    (iii) Other designation identifying the specific O.E.M. color to 
the purchaser.
    Extender means an ingredient added to an ``Aerosol Coating 
Product'' to increase coating solids.
    Flat coating means a coating which, when fully dry, registers 
specular gloss less than or equal to 15 on an 85[deg] gloss meter, or 
less than or equal to 5 on a 60[deg] gloss meter, or which is labeled 
as a flat coating.
    Flatting agent means a compound added to a coating to reduce the 
gloss of the coating without adding color to the coating.
    Flexible coating means a coating including, but not limited to, 
rubberized, mastic, or asphaltic products designed and labeled 
exclusively to protect surfaces.
    Floral spray means a coating designed and labeled exclusively for 
use on fresh flowers, dried flowers, or other items in a floral 
arrangement for the purpose of coloring, preserving, or protecting 
their appearance.
    Fluorescent coating means a coating labeled as such, which converts 
absorbed incident light energy into emitted light of a different hue.
    Formulation data, unless otherwise specified, means the recipe used 
to formulate or manufacture a coating product in terms of the weight 
fraction (g compound/g product) of each individual VOC in the product.
    General coating means the following aerosol coating products: 
``Clear Coating,'' ``Flat Coating,'' ``Fluorescent Coating,'' 
``Metallic Coating,'' ``Non-flat Coating,'' or ``Primer.''
    Glass coating means a coating designed and labeled exclusively for 
use on glass or other transparent material to create a soft, 
translucent light effect, or to create a tinted or darkened color while 
retaining transparency.
    Ground traffic/marking coating means a coating designed and labeled 
exclusively to be applied to dirt, gravel, grass, concrete, asphalt, 
warehouse floors, or parking lots. Such coatings must be in a container 
equipped with a valve and spray head designed to direct the spray 
toward the surface when the can is held in an inverted vertical 
position.
    High temperature coating means a coating, excluding engine coating, 
which is designed and labeled exclusively for use on substrates which 
will, in normal use, be subjected to temperatures in excess of 400 
[deg]F.
    Hobby/model/craft coating means a coating which is designed and 
labeled exclusively for hobby applications and is sold in aerosol 
containers of 6 ounces by weight or less.
    Importer means any person who brings an aerosol coating product 
that was manufactured, filled, or packaged at a location outside of the 
United States into the United States for sale or distribution in the 
United States.
    Impurity means an individual chemical compound present in a raw 
material which is incorporated in the final aerosol coatings 
formulation, if the compound is present in amounts below the following 
in the raw material:
    (1) For individual compounds that are carcinogens, each compound 
must be present in an amount less than 0.1 percent by weight;
    (2) For all other compounds present in a raw material, a compound 
must be present in an amount less than 1 percent by weight.
    Ingredient means a component of an aerosol coating product.
    Label means any written, printed, or graphic matter affixed to, 
applied to, attached to, blown into, formed, molded into, embossed on, 
or appearing upon any consumer product or consumer product package, for 
purposes of branding, identifying, or giving information with respect 
to the product or to the contents of the package.
    Manufacturer means any person who manufactures or processes an 
aerosol coating product for sale or distribution within the United 
States. Manufacturers include:
    (1) Processors who blend and mix aerosol coatings;
    (2) Contract fillers who develop formulas and package these 
formulations under a distributor's name; and

[[Page 5706]]

    (3) Contract fillers who manufacture products using formulations 
provided by a distributor.
    Marine spar varnish means a coating designed and labeled 
exclusively to provide a protective sealant for marine wood products.
    Metallic coating means a topcoat which contains at least 0.5 
percent by weight metallic pigment in the formulation, including 
propellant, and is labeled as ``metallic,'' or with the name of a 
specific metallic finish such as ``gold,'' ``silver,'' or ``bronze.''
    Mold release coating means a coating designed and labeled 
exclusively to be applied to molds to prevent products from sticking to 
the surfaces of the mold.
    Multi-component kit means an aerosol spray paint system that 
requires the application of more than one component, e.g., foundation 
coat and topcoat, where both components are sold together in one 
package.
    Non-flat coating means a coating that, when fully dry, registers a 
specular gloss greater than 15 on an 85[deg] gloss meter or greater 
than five on a 60[deg] gloss meter.
    Ozone means a colorless gas with a pungent odor, having the 
molecular form O3.
    Person means an individual, corporation, partnership, association, 
State, any agency, department, or instrumentality of the United States, 
and any officer, agent, or employee thereof.
    Photographic coating means a coating designed and labeled 
exclusively to be applied to finished photographs to allow corrective 
retouching, protection of the image, changes in gloss level, or to 
cover fingerprints.
    Pigment means either a natural or synthetic insoluble material 
added to a coating to provide color, opacity, or corrosion inhibition 
to a coating film.
    Plasticizer means an ingredient added to an aerosol coating product 
to aid in flexibility.
    Pleasure craft means privately owned vessels used for noncommercial 
purposes.
    Pleasure craft finish primer/surfacer/undercoater means a coating 
designed and labeled exclusively to be applied prior to the application 
of a pleasure craft topcoat for the purpose of corrosion resistance and 
adhesion of the topcoat, and which promotes a uniform surface by 
filling in surface imperfections.
    Pleasure craft topcoat means a coating designed and labeled 
exclusively to be applied to a pleasure craft as a final coat above the 
waterline, and below the waterline when stored out of water. This 
category does not include clear coatings.
    Polyolefin adhesion promoter means a coating designed and labeled 
exclusively to be applied to a polyolefin or polyolefin copolymer 
surface of vehicular body parts, bumpers, or trim parts to provide a 
bond between the surface and subsequent coats.
    Primer means a coating labeled as such, which is designed to be 
applied to a surface to provide a bond between that surface and 
subsequent coats.
    Product-Weighted Reactivity (PWR) Limit means the maximum allowed 
``product- weighted reactivity,'' as calculated in Sec.  59.505, of an 
aerosol coating product that is subject to the limits specified in 
Sec.  59.504 for a specific category, expressed as grams of ozone per 
gram of product (g O3/g product).
    Propellant means a liquefied or compressed gas that is used in 
whole or in part to expel a liquid or any other material from the same 
self-pressurized container or from a separate container.
    Reactivity Factor (RF) is a measure of the change in mass of ozone 
formed by adding a gram of a VOC to the ambient atmosphere, expressed 
to hundredths of a gram of ozone per gram of VOC (g O3/g VOC). The RF 
values for individual compounds and hydrocarbon solvent mixtures are 
specified in tables 2A, 2B, and 2C to this subpart.
    Resin means a substance that comprises the film-forming ingredients 
in an aerosol coating product. Examples of resin ingredients include 
acrylic, alkyd, enamel, epoxy, lacquer, polyurethane, polyvinyl 
chloride, shellac, silicone, and polystyrene.
    Retailer means any person who sells, supplies, or offers aerosol 
coating products for sale directly to consumers. Retailers who fall 
within the definition of ``distributor'' in this section are 
distributors.
    Retail outlet means any establishment where consumer products are 
sold, supplied, or offered for sale, directly to consumers.
    Rust converter means a coating designed and labeled exclusively to 
convert rust to an inert material and which contains a minimum acid 
content of 1.0 percent by weight, and a maximum coating solids content 
of 6.0 percent by weight.
    Shellac sealer means a clear or pigmented coating formulated solely 
with the resinous secretion of the lac beetle (Laccifer lacca), thinned 
with alcohol, and formulated to dry by evaporation without a chemical 
reaction.
    Slip-resistant coating means a coating designed and labeled 
exclusively as such, which is formulated with grit and used as a safety 
coating.
    Small quantity manufacturer means a manufacturer whose total VOC by 
mass included in all aerosol coatings manufactured at all facilities in 
a given calendar year, in the aggregate, is less than 7,500 kilograms.
    Spatter coating/multicolor coating/stucco coating means a coating 
labeled exclusively as such, wherein spots, globules, or spatters of 
contrasting colors appear on or within the surface of a contrasting or 
similar background.
    Specialty coating means any aerosol coating product that is not a 
``General Coating'' unless specifically exempted. An aerosol coating 
that does not meet all the criteria for a specific ``Specialty 
Coating'' or an aerosol coating that is not defined in this section is 
a ``General Coating.''
    Stain means a coating which is designed and labeled to change the 
color of a surface but not conceal the surface.
    Two-component coating means a coating packaged in an aerosol 
container with a separate integrated chamber for a hardener or 
activator.
    Uniform finish coating means a coating designed and labeled 
exclusively for application to the area adjacent to a spot repair for 
the purpose of blending the spot repair's color or clear coating to 
match the appearance of an adjacent area's existing coating. For the 
purpose of this rule, ``spot repair'' means repair of an area of less 
than 1 square foot (929 square centimeters).
    United States means the United States of America, including the 
District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Virgin 
Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and the Commonwealth of the Northern 
Mariana Islands.
    Vinyl/fabric/leather/polycarbonate coating means a coating designed 
and labeled exclusively to coat vinyl, fabric, leather, or plastic 
substrates or to coat flexible substrates including rubber or 
thermoplastic substrates.
    Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) means any organic compound as 
defined in Sec.  51.100(s) of this chapter. As provided in 40 CFR 
51.100(s)(7), exemptions from the definition of VOC in 40 CFR 51.100(s) 
for certain compounds that are used in aerosol coatings are 
inapplicable for purposes of this subpart.
    Webbing/veiling coating means a coating designed and labeled 
exclusively to provide a stranded or spider webbed appearance when 
applied.
    Weight fraction means the weight of an ingredient divided by the 
total net

[[Page 5707]]

weight of the product, expressed to thousandths of a gram of ingredient 
per gram of product (excluding container and packaging).
    Weld-through primer means a coating designed and labeled 
exclusively to provide a bridging or conducting effect for corrosion 
protection following welding.
    Wood stain means a coating which is designed and labeled 
exclusively as a wood stain and is used to change the color of a wood 
surface but not conceal the grain pattern or texture.
    Wood touch-up/repair/restoration means a coating designed and 
labeled exclusively to provide an exact color or sheen match on 
finished wood products.
    Working day means any day from Monday through Friday, inclusive, 
except for days that are Federal holidays.

0
4. Amend Sec.  59.505 by revising paragraphs (c) through (e) and adding 
paragraph (h) to read as follows:


Sec.  59.505  How do I demonstrate compliance with the reactivity 
limits?

* * * * *
    (c) You may use either formulation data (including information for 
both the liquid and propellant phases), CARB Method 310 (2018) 
(incorporated by reference, see Sec.  59.515), or EPA's Method 311 (40 
CFR part 63, appendix A), to calculate the PWR. However, if there are 
inconsistencies between the formulation data and the CARB Method 310 
(2018) or EPA Method 311 results, the CARB Method 310 (2018) or EPA 
Method 311 results will govern.
    (d) If you manufacture a coating containing either an aromatic or 
aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent mixture, you must use the appropriate RF 
for that mixture provided in table 2B or 2C to this subpart when 
calculating the PWR using formulation data. However, when calculating 
the PWR for a coating containing these mixtures using data from CARB 
Method 310 (2018) (incorporated by reference, see Sec.  59.515), or EPA 
Method 311--(40 CFR part 63, appendix A), you must identify the 
individual compounds that are present in the solvent mixture and use 
the weight fraction of those individual compounds and their RF from 
table 2A to this subpart in the calculation.
    (e) The Reactivity Factor (RF) is assigned according to paragraphs 
(e)(1) through (4):
    (1) If a VOC is used in a product and listed in table 2A, 2B, or 2C 
to this subpart, then the assigned RF shall be used;
    (2) If a product contains a mixture and/or multiple isomers of a 
VOC, the highest RF of the mixture or multiple isomers from table 2A to 
this subpart shall be used;
    (3) If a VOC is used in a product but not listed in table 2A to 
this subpart, but more than one isomer or mixtures of isomers of the 
VOC is listed in table 2A to this subpart, then the highest RF 
associated with the listed isomers or isomer mixtures shall be used; 
and
    (4) If a VOC is used in a product but not listed in table 2A to 
this subpart, the assigned default RF of 18.50 g O3 /g VOC 
shall be used.
* * * * *
    (h) Until July 17, 2025 the test methods listed in table 3 of 
appendix A to subpart E of part 59 are applicable to this subpart.

0
5. Revise Sec.  59.508 to read as follows:


Sec.  59.508  What test methods must I use?

    (a) Except as provided in Sec.  59.505(c), you must use the 
procedures in CARB Method 310 (2018) (incorporated by reference, see 
Sec.  59.515) or EPA's Method 311 (40 CFR part 63, appendix A) to 
determine the speciated ingredients and weight percentage of each 
ingredient of each aerosol coating product. EPA Method 311 (40 CFR part 
63, appendix A) must be used in conjunction with ASTM Method D3063-94 
or D3074-94 for analysis of the propellant portion of the coating. 
Those choosing to use CARB Method 310 (2018) must follow the procedures 
specified in section 5.0 of that method with the exception of section 
5.3.1, which requires the analysis of the VOC content of the coating. 
For the purposes of this subpart, you are not required to determine the 
VOC content of the aerosol coating. For both CARB Method 310 (2018) and 
EPA Method 311 (40 CFR part 63, appendix A), you must have a listing of 
the VOC ingredients in the coating before conducting the analysis.
    (b) To determine the metal content of metallic aerosol coating 
products, you must use SCAQMD Method 318-95 (incorporated by reference, 
see Sec.  59.515).
    (c) To determine the specular gloss of flat and non-flat coatings, 
you must use ASTM Method D523-08 (incorporated by reference, see Sec.  
59.515).

0
6. Amend Sec.  59.509 by revising paragraph (a) introductory text and 
adding paragraphs (a)(6) and (g) to read as follows:


Sec.  59.509  Can I get a variance?

    (a) Any regulated entity that cannot comply with the requirements 
of this subpart because of circumstances beyond its reasonable control 
may apply in writing to the Administrator for a temporary variance. The 
variance application must include the information specified in 
paragraphs (a)(1) through (6) of this section.
* * * * *
    (6) All identification information included in Sec.  59.511(b)(1) 
and (2).
* * * * *
    (g) Beginning on July 17, 2025, or once the notification/report 
template for this subpart has been available on the CEDRI website for 
six months, whichever date is later, submit the request for a variance 
with the information in paragraphs (a)(1) through (6) following the 
procedure specified in Sec.  59.511(1).

0
7. Amend Sec.  59.511 by:
0
a. Removing and reserving paragraph (b)(8);
0
b. Revising paragraphs (b)(9), (c), (d) introductory text, and (d)(5);
0
c. Adding paragraph (d)(6);
0
d. Revising paragraphs (i)(2) and (j); and
0
e. Adding paragraphs (k), (l), (m), and (n).
    The revisions and additions read as follows:


Sec.  59.511  What notifications and reports must I submit?

* * * * *
    (b) * * *
    (8) [Reserved]
    (9) For each product category, VOC formulation data for each 
formulation that you anticipate manufacturing, importing, or 
distributing for calendar year 2009 or for the first year that includes 
your compliance date, if different than 2009. If a regulated entity can 
certify that the reporting is being completed by another regulated 
entity for any product, no second report is required. The formulation 
data must include the weight fraction (g compound/g product) for each 
VOC ingredient used in the product in an amount greater than or equal 
to 0.1 percent. For each VOC ingredient reported, the formulation data 
must also include the information in either paragraph (b)(9)(i), (ii), 
or (iii) of this section.
    (i) For compounds listed in table 2A to this subpart, the chemical 
name, CAS number, and the applicable reactivity factor;
    (ii) For the hydrocarbon solvent mixtures listed in either table 2B 
or 2C to this subpart, the trade name, solvent mixture manufacturer, 
bin number, and the applicable reactivity factor; or
    (iii) For compounds not listed in table 2A to this subpart, the 
chemical name,

[[Page 5708]]

CAS number, and the default RF in Sec.  59.505(e).
* * * * *
    (c) If you change any information included in the initial 
notification required by paragraph (b) of this section, including the 
list of aerosol categories, contact information, records location, the 
category or date coding system, you must notify the Administrator of 
such changes within 30 days following the change. You are not required 
to notify the Administrator within 30 days of changes to the 
information provided as required by paragraph (b)(9) of this section. 
Changes in formulation are to be reported in the triennial reporting 
required by paragraph (i) of this section.
    (d) Upon 60 days written notice, you must submit to the 
Administrator a written report with all the information in paragraphs 
(d)(1) through (6) of this section for each product you manufacture, 
distribute, or import under your name or another company's name.
* * * * *
    (5) For each product, formulation data for each formulation that 
manufactured, imported, or distributed in the requested time period. 
The formulation data must include the weight fraction (g compound/g 
product) for each VOC ingredient used in the product in an amount 
greater than or equal to 0.1 percent, plus the weight fraction of all 
other ingredients, including: Water, total solids, and any other 
compounds assigned an RF of zero. The formulation data must also 
include the information in either paragraph (d)(5)(i), (ii), or (iii) 
of this section.
    (i) For compounds listed in table 2A to this subpart, the chemical 
name, CAS number, and the applicable reactivity factor;
    (ii) For the hydrocarbon solvent mixtures listed in either table 2B 
or 2C to this subpart, the trade name, solvent mixture manufacturer, 
bin number, and the applicable reactivity factor; or
    (iii) For compounds not listed in table 2A to this subpart, the 
chemical name, CAS number, and the default RF in Sec.  59.505(e).
    (6) All identification information included in paragraphs (b)(1) 
and (2) of this section.
* * * * *
    (i) * * *
    (2) For each product category, VOC formulation data for each 
formulation that was manufactured, imported, or distributed in the 
reporting year. If a regulated entity can certify that the reporting is 
being completed by another regulated entity for any product, no second 
report is required. The formulation data must include the weight 
fraction (g compound/g product) for each VOC ingredient used in the 
product in an amount greater than or equal to 0.1 percent. For each VOC 
ingredient reported, the formulation data must include the information 
in paragraph (i)(2)(i), (ii), or (iii) of this section.
    (i) For compounds listed in table 2A to this subpart, the chemical 
name, CAS number, and the applicable reactivity factor;
    (ii) For the hydrocarbon solvent mixtures listed in either table 2B 
or 2C to this subpart, the trade name, solvent mixture manufacturer, 
bin number, and the applicable reactivity factor; or
    (iii) For compounds not listed in table 2A to this subpart, the 
chemical name, CAS number, and the default RF in Sec.  59.505(e).
* * * * *
    (j) If a regulated entity identifies a VOC that is needed for an 
aerosol formulation that is not listed in table 2A to this subpart, it 
is assigned a default RF of 18.50 g O3/g VOC. Regulated 
entities may petition the Administrator to add a compound to table 2A, 
2B, or 2C to this subpart. Petitions must include the chemical name, 
CAS number, a statement certifying the intent to use the compound in an 
aerosol coatings product, and adequate information for the 
Administrator to evaluate the reactivity of the compound and assign an 
RF consistent with the values for the other compounds listed in table 
2A to this subpart. Any requests submitted to EPA on or before June 1, 
2008, will be considered and, if appropriate, incorporated into table 
2A, 2B, or 2C to this subpart on or before January 1, 2009.
    (k) Beginning on July 17, 2025, or once the notification/report 
template for this subpart has been available on the CEDRI website for 
six months, whichever date is later, regulated entities shall submit 
all notifications, reports, and other information required in Sec.  
59.511 (b) through (j) following the procedure specified in paragraph 
(l) of this section.
    (l) If you are required to submit notifications or reports 
following the procedure specified in this paragraph (l), you must 
submit reports to the EPA via CEDRI, which can be accessed through the 
EPA's Central Data Exchange (CDX) (https://cdx.epa.gov/). The EPA will 
make all the information submitted through CEDRI available to the 
public without further notice to you. Do not use CEDRI to submit 
information you claim as confidential business information (CBI). 
Anything submitted using CEDRI cannot later be claimed CBI. You must 
use the appropriate electronic report template on the CEDRI website 
(www.epa.gov/electronic-reporting-air-emissions/cedri) for this 
subpart. The date in which the report template becomes available will 
be listed on the CEDRI website. Unless the Administrator or delegated 
State agency or other authority has approved a different schedule for 
submission of reports, the report must be submitted by the deadline 
specified in this subpart, regardless of the method in which the report 
is submitted. Although we do not expect persons to assert a claim of 
CBI, if you wish to assert a CBI claim, submit a complete report, 
including information claimed to be CBI, to the EPA. The report must be 
generated using the appropriate template on the CEDRI website. The 
preferred method for CBI submittal is for it to be transmitted 
electronically using email attachments, File Transfer Protocol (FTP), 
or other online file sharing services. Electronic submissions must be 
transmitted directly to the OAQPS CBI Office at the email address: 
[email protected] and should include clear CBI markings and be flagged 
to the attention of the Group Leader, Measurement Policy Group. If 
assistance is needed with submitting large electronic files that exceed 
the file size limit for email attachments, and if you do not have your 
own file sharing service, please email [email protected] to request a 
file transfer link. If you cannot transmit the file electronically, you 
may mail the electronic medium to U.S. EPA/OAQPS/CORE CBI Office, 
Attention: Aerosol Coatings Sector Lead, (C404-02), Research Triangle 
Park, North Carolina 27711. The same file with the CBI omitted must be 
submitted to the EPA via the EPA's CDX as described earlier in this 
paragraph (l). All CBI claims must be asserted at the time of 
submission. Furthermore, under CAA section 114(c), emissions data is 
not entitled to confidential treatment, and the EPA is required to make 
emissions data available to the public. Thus, emissions data will not 
be protected as CBI and will be made publicly available.
    (m) If you are required to electronically submit a report through 
CEDRI in the EPA's CDX, you may assert a claim of EPA system outage for 
failure to timely comply with that reporting requirement. To assert a 
claim of EPA system outage, you must meet the requirements outlined in 
paragraphs (m)(1) through (7) of this section.
    (1) You must have been or will be precluded from accessing CEDRI 
and submitting a required report within the

[[Page 5709]]

time prescribed due to an outage of either the EPA's CEDRI or CDX 
systems.
    (2) The outage must have occurred within the period of time 
beginning five business days prior to the date that the submission is 
due.
    (3) The outage may be planned or unplanned.
    (4) You must submit notification to the Administrator in writing as 
soon as possible following the date you first knew, or through due 
diligence should have known, that the event may cause or has caused a 
delay in reporting.
    (5) You must provide to the Administrator a written description 
identifying:
    (i) The date(s) and time(s) when CDX or CEDRI was accessed, and the 
system was unavailable;
    (ii) A rationale for attributing the delay in reporting beyond the 
regulatory deadline to EPA system outage;
    (iii) A description of measures taken or to be taken to minimize 
the delay in reporting; and
    (iv) The date by which you propose to report, or if you have 
already met the reporting requirement at the time of the notification, 
the date you reported.
    (6) The decision to accept the claim of EPA system outage and allow 
an extension to the reporting deadline is solely within the discretion 
of the Administrator.
    (7) In any circumstance, the report must be submitted 
electronically as soon as possible after the outage is resolved.
    (n) If you are required to electronically submit a report through 
CEDRI in the EPA's CDX, you may assert a claim of force majeure for 
failure to timely comply with that reporting requirement. To assert a 
claim of force majeure, you must meet the requirements outlined in 
paragraphs (n)(1) through (5) of this section.
    (1) You may submit a claim if a force majeure event is about to 
occur, occurs, or has occurred or there are lingering effects from such 
an event within the period of time beginning five business days prior 
to the date the submission is due. For the purposes of this section, a 
force majeure event is defined as an event that will be or has been 
caused by circumstances beyond the control of the regulated entity, its 
contractors, or any entity controlled by the regulated entity that 
prevents you from complying with the requirement to submit a report 
electronically within the time period prescribed. Examples of such 
events are acts of nature (e.g., hurricanes, earthquakes, or floods), 
acts of war or terrorism, or equipment failure or safety hazard beyond 
the control of the regulated entity (e.g., large scale power outage).
    (2) You must submit notification to the Administrator in writing as 
soon as possible following the date you first knew, or through due 
diligence should have known, that the event may cause or has caused a 
delay in reporting.
    (3) You must provide to the Administrator:
    (i) A written description of the force majeure event;
    (ii) A rationale for attributing the delay in reporting beyond the 
regulatory deadline to the force majeure event;
    (iii) A description of measures taken or to be taken to minimize 
the delay in reporting; and
    (iv) The date by which you propose to report, or if you have 
already met the reporting requirement at the time of the notification, 
the date you reported.
    (4) The decision to accept the claim of force majeure and allow an 
extension to the reporting deadline is solely within the discretion of 
the Administrator.
    (5) In any circumstance, the reporting must occur as soon as 
possible after the force majeure event occurs.

0
8. Revise Sec.  59.512 to read as follows:


Sec.  59.512  Addresses of EPA Regional Offices.

    (a) All requests (including variance requests), reports, 
submittals, and other communications to the Administrator pursuant to 
this regulation shall be submitted to the Regional Office of the EPA 
through CEDRI which serves the State or territory for the address that 
is listed on the aerosol coating product in question. These areas are 
indicated in the following list of EPA Regional Offices:
    (1) EPA Region I (Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, 
Rhode Island, Vermont) Director, Enforcement and Compliance Assurance 
Division, U.S. EPA Region I, 5 Post Office Square--Suite 100 (04-2), 
Boston, MA 02109-3912, Attn: Air Compliance Clerk.
    (2) EPA Region II (New Jersey, New York, Puerto Rico, Virgin 
Islands), Director, Division of Enforcement and Compliance Assistance, 
290 Broadway, New York, NY 10007-1866.
    (3) EPA Region III (Delaware, District of Columbia, Maryland, 
Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia), Chief, Air Section, Enforcement 
& Compliance Assurance Division, Air, RCRA and Toxics Branch, U.S. EPA 
Region 3, 1650 Arch Street--3ED21, Philadelphia, PA 19103.
    (4) EPA Region IV (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, 
Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee), Director, Air 
and Radiation Division, 61 Forsyth Street SW, Atlanta, GA 30303-3104.
    (5) EPA Region V (Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio, 
Wisconsin), Director, Air and Radiation Division, 77 West Jackson 
Blvd., Chicago, IL 60604-3507.
    (6) EPA Region VI (Arkansas, Louisiana, New Mexico, Oklahoma, 
Texas), Chief, Air Enforcement Branch, Enforcement and Compliance 
Assurance Division, Mail Code ECDA, 1201 Elm Street, Suite 500, Dallas, 
Texas 75270-2102.
    (7) EPA Region VII (Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska), Director, 
Air and Waste Management Division, 11201 Renner Boulevard, Lenexa, 
Kansas 66219.
    (8) EPA Region VIII (Colorado, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, 
Utah, Wyoming), Chief, Air and Toxics Enforcement Branch, 1595 Wynkoop 
Street, Denver, CO 80202-1129.
    (9) EPA Region IX (American Samoa, Arizona, California, Guam, 
Hawaii, Nevada), Chief, Air Division, 75 Hawthorne Street, San 
Francisco, CA 94105.
    (10) EPA Region X (Alaska, Oregon, Idaho, Washington), Chief, Air 
Permits and Toxics Branch, Air and Radiation Division, 1200 Sixth 
Avenue, Suite 155, Seattle, WA 98101.
    (b) Beginning on July 17, 2025, or once the notification/report 
template for this subpart has been available on the CEDRI website for 
six months, whichever date is later, regulated entities shall submit 
all notifications, reports, and other information required in Sec.  
59.511(b) through (j) following the procedure specified in Sec.  
59.511(l).


0
9. Revise Sec.  59.515 to read as follows:


Sec.  59.515  Incorporations by reference.

    Certain material is incorporated by reference into this subpart 
with the approval of the Director of the Federal Register under 5 
U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. All approved incorporation by 
reference (IBR) material is available for inspection at the U.S. 
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and at the National Archives and 
Records Administration (NARA). Contact the EPA at: EPA Docket Center, 
Public Reading Room, EPA WJC West, Room 3334, 1301 Constitution Ave. 
NW, Washington, DC; phone: (202) 566-1744. For information on the 
availability of this material at NARA, visit www.archives.gov/federal-register/cfr/ibr-locations or email [email protected]. The 
material may be obtained from the following sources:
    (a) ASTM, International (ASTM), 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box 
CB700,

[[Page 5710]]

West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania 19428-2959; phone: (800) 262-1373; 
website: www.astm.org.
    (1) ASTM Method D523-08, Standard Test Method for Specular Gloss 
(June 1, 2008), IBR approved for Sec.  59.508(c).
    (2) ASTM Method D523-89 (Reapproved 1999), Standard Test Method for 
Specular Gloss (May 10, 1999), IBR approved for table 3 of appendix A 
to subpart E of part 59.
    (b) California Air Resources Board (CARB), 1001 I Street, P.O. Box 
2815, Sacramento, CA 95812-2815, Telephone (916) 327-0900, 
www.arb.ca.gov.
    (1) California Air Resources Board Method 310--Determination of 
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in Consumer Products and Reactive 
Organic Compounds in Aerosol Coating Products (May 25, 2018) (CARB 
Method 310 (2018)), IBR approved for Sec. Sec.  59.505(c) and 
59.508(a).
    (2) California Air Resources Board Method 310--Determination of 
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in Consumer Products and Reactive 
Organic Compounds in Aerosol Coating Products (May 5, 2005) (CARB 
Method 310 (2005)), IBR approved for table 3 of appendix A to subpart E 
of part 59.
    (c) South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD), 21865 
Copley Dr, Diamond Bar, CA 91765, Telephone (909-396-2000), 
www.aqmd.gov.
    (1) South Coast Air Quality Management District Test Method 318-95, 
Determination of Weight Percent Elemental Metal in Coatings by X-ray 
Diffraction, (July, 1996) (SCAQMD Test Method 318-95), IBR approved for 
Sec.  59.508(b) and table 3 of appendix A to subpart E of part 59.
    (2) [Reserved]
* * * * *


0
10. Revise tables 1, 2A, 2B, and 2C to subpart E of part 59 to read as 
follows:

             Table 1 to Subpart E of Part 59--Product-Weighted Reactivity Limits by Coating Category
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                               Reactivity limit
                     Coating category                              Category code \a\           (g O3/g product)
 
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Art Fixatives or Sealants................................  AFS                                              1.75
Auto Body Primers........................................  ABP                                              0.95
Automotive Bumper and Trim Products......................  ABT                                              1.70
Aviation or Marine Primers...............................  AMP                                              1.25
Aviation Propeller Coatings..............................  APC                                              1.40
Clear Coatings...........................................  CCP                                              0.85
Corrosion Resistant Brass, Bronze, or Copper Coatings....  CRB                                              1.80
Electrical/Electronic/Conformal Coatings.................  ECC                                              2.00
Exact Match Finish--Automotive...........................  EFA                                              0.95
Exact Match Finish--Engine Enamel........................  EEE                                              0.95
Exact Match Finish--Industrial...........................  EFI                                              1.20
Flat Coatings............................................  FCP                                              0.80
Flexible Coatings........................................  FCC                                              1.60
Floral Sprays............................................  FSP                                              0.85
Fluorescent Coatings.....................................  FLP                                              1.30
Glass Coatings...........................................  GCP                                              1.35
Ground Traffic/Marking...................................  GTM                                              0.85
High Temperature Coatings................................  HTC                                              1.85
Hobby/Model/Craft Coatings...............................  HMC                                              1.60
Marine Spar Varnishes....................................  MSV                                              0.90
Metallic Coatings........................................  MCP                                              1.25
Mold Release Coating.....................................  MRC                                              1.10
Non-Flat Coatings........................................  NFP                                              0.95
Photograph Coatings......................................  PHC                                              0.75
Pleasure Craft Primers, Surfacers or Undercoaters........  PCS                                              0.90
Pleasure Craft Topcoats..................................  PCT                                              0.60
Polyolefin Adhesion Promoters............................  PAP                                              2.50
Primers..................................................  PCP                                              0.70
Rust Converter Coating...................................  RCC                                              1.10
Shellac Sealers..........................................  SSC                                              1.00
Slip-Resistant Coatings..................................  SRC                                              2.10
Spatter/Multicolor Coatings..............................  SMC                                              1.05
Two Component Coating....................................  TWC                                              1.20
Uniform Finish Coating...................................  UFC                                              1.30
Vinyl/Fabric/Leather/Polycarbonate Coatings..............  VFL                                              1.45
Webbing/Veiling Coatings.................................  WFC                                              0.75
Weld-Through Primers.....................................  WTP                                              1.00
Wood Stains..............................................  WSP                                              0.90
Wood Touch-up/Repair or Restoration Coatings.............  WTR                                              1.45
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a\ Regulated entities may use these category codes or define their own in accordance with Sec.   59.511(b)(6).


                              Table 2A to Subpart E of Part 59--Reactivity Factors
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                               Reactivity factor
                                Compound                                        CAS No.          (g O3/g VOC)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Formaldehyde............................................................             50-00-0                9.46
Glycerol (1,2,3-Propanetriol)...........................................             56-81-5                3.15
Propylene Glycol........................................................             57-55-6                2.58
Ethanol.................................................................             64-17-5                1.53
Formic Acid.............................................................             64-18-6                0.06

[[Page 5711]]

 
Acetic Acid.............................................................             64-19-7                0.68
Methanol................................................................             67-56-1                0.67
Isopropyl Alcohol (2-Propanol)..........................................             67-63-0                0.61
Acetone (Propanone).....................................................             67-64-1                0.36
n-Propanol (n-Propyl Alcohol)...........................................             71-23-8                2.50
n-Butyl Alcohol (Butanol)...............................................             71-36-3                2.88
n-Pentanol (Amyl Alcohol)...............................................             71-41-0                2.83
Benzene.................................................................             71-43-2                0.72
1,1,1-Trichloroethane...................................................             71-55-6                0.01
Propane.................................................................             74-98-6                0.49
Vinyl Chloride..........................................................             75-01-4                2.83
Acetaldehyde............................................................             75-07-0                6.54
Methylene Chloride (Dichloromethane)....................................             75-09-2                0.04
Ethylene Oxide..........................................................             75-21-8                0.03
Isobutane...............................................................             75-28-5                1.23
HFC-152A (1,1-Difluoroethane)...........................................             75-37-6                0.02
Propylene Oxide.........................................................             75-56-9                0.29
t-Butyl Alcohol.........................................................             75-65-0                0.41
Methyl t-Butyl Ketone...................................................             75-97-8                0.65
Isophorone (3,5,5-Trimethyl-2-Cyclohexenone)............................             78-59-1                4.63
Isopentane..............................................................             78-78-4                1.45
Isobutanol..............................................................             78-83-1                2.51
2-Butanol (s-butyl alcohol).............................................             78-92-2                1.36
Methyl Ethyl Ketone (2-Butanone)........................................             78-93-3                1.48
Monoisopropanol Amine (1-Amino-2-Propanol)..............................             78-96-6                5.42
Trichloroethylene.......................................................             79-01-6                0.64
Propionic Acid..........................................................             79-09-4                1.22
Acrylic Acid............................................................             79-10-7               11.38
Methyl Acetate..........................................................             79-20-9                0.07
Nitroethane.............................................................             79-24-3                0.06
Methacrylic Acid........................................................             79-41-4               18.50
2-Nitropropane..........................................................             79-46-9                0.11
a-Pinene (Pine Oil).....................................................             80-56-8                4.51
Methyl Methacrylate.....................................................             80-62-6               15.61
Diethyl Phthalate.......................................................             84-66-2                1.62
Dibutyl Phthalate.......................................................             84-74-2                1.25
Naphthalene.............................................................             91-20-3                3.34
2-Ethyl-1,3-hexanediol..................................................             94-96-2                2.05
Xylene, ortho-..........................................................             95-47-6                7.64
o-Cresol................................................................             95-48-7                2.40
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene..................................................             95-63-6                8.87
3-Pentanone.............................................................             96-22-0                1.24
Methyl Ethyl Ketoxime (Ethyl Methyl Ketone Oxime).......................             96-29-7                1.58
gamma-Butyrolactone.....................................................             96-48-0                0.96
Ethyl Lactate...........................................................             97-64-3                2.48
Isobutyl Isobutyrate....................................................             97-85-8                0.60
Isobutyl Methacrylate...................................................             97-86-9                8.62
Butyl Methacrylate......................................................             97-88-1                8.70
Tert-butyl benzene......................................................             98-06-6                1.95
Benzotrifluoride........................................................             98-08-8                0.29
PCBTF (p-Trifluoromethyl-Cl-Benzene)....................................             98-56-6                0.13
Cumene (Isopropyl Benzene)..............................................             98-82-8                2.52
a-Methyl Styrene........................................................             98-83-9                1.53
Ethyl Benzene...........................................................            100-41-4                3.04
Styrene.................................................................            100-42-5                1.73
Benzyl Alcohol..........................................................            100-51-6                5.11
Benzaldehyde............................................................            100-52-7                0.00
Triethanolamine.........................................................            102-71-6                4.21
2-Ethyl-Hexyl Acetate...................................................            103-09-3                0.66
2-Ethyl-Hexyl Acrylate..................................................            103-11-7                2.52
2-Ethyl-1-Hexanol (Ethyl Hexyl Alcohol).................................            104-76-7                2.00
Ethyl Propionate........................................................            105-37-3                0.77
s-Butyl Acetate.........................................................            105-46-4                1.32
Diethyl Carbonate.......................................................            105-58-8                0.71
n-Propyl Propionate.....................................................            106-36-5                0.84
Xylene, para-...........................................................            106-42-3                5.84
p-Dichlorobenzene.......................................................            106-46-7                0.18
Dimethyl Succinate......................................................            106-65-0                0.23
1,2-Epoxybutane (Ethyl Oxirane).........................................            106-88-7                0.91
n-Propyl Bromide........................................................            106-94-5                0.42
Butane..................................................................            106-97-8                1.15

[[Page 5712]]

 
1,3-Butadiene...........................................................            106-99-0               12.61
Ethylene Glycol.........................................................            107-21-1                3.13
2-Methyl-2,4-Pentanediol................................................            107-41-5                1.45
Hexamethyldisiloxane....................................................            107-46-0                0.00
Isohexane Isomers.......................................................            107-83-5                1.50
Methyl n-Propyl Ketone (2-Pentanone)....................................            107-87-9                2.81
Propylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether (1-Methoxy-2-Propanol)................            107-98-2                2.44
n,n-Dimethylethanolamine................................................            108-01-0                5.62
1-Nitropropane..........................................................            108-03-2                0.22
Vinyl Acetate...........................................................            108-05-4                3.20
Methyl Isobutyl Ketone..................................................            108-10-1                3.88
Isopropyl Acetate.......................................................            108-21-4                1.07
Propylene Carbonate (4-Methyl-1,3-Dioxolan-2one)........................            108-32-7                0.28
Xylene, meta-...........................................................            108-38-3                9.75
Propylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether Acetate (1-Methoxy-2-Propyl Acetate)..            108-65-6                1.70
1,3,5-Trimethyl Benzene.................................................            108-67-8               11.76
Di-Isobutyl Ketone (2,6-Dimethyl-4-Heptanone)...........................            108-83-8                2.68
Methylcyclohexane.......................................................            108-87-2                1.70
Toluene.................................................................            108-88-3                4.00
Monochlorobenzene.......................................................            108-90-7                0.32
Cyclohexanol............................................................            108-93-0                1.95
Cyclohexanone...........................................................            108-94-1                1.35
n-Butyl Butyrate........................................................            109-21-7                1.08
Propyl Acetate..........................................................            109-60-4                0.78
Pentane.................................................................            109-66-0                1.31
Ethylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether (2-Methoxyethanol).....................            109-86-4                2.93
Dimethoxy Methane.......................................................            109-87-5                0.94
Tetrahydrofuran.........................................................            109-99-9                4.31
Methyl Isoamyl Ketone (5-Methyl-2-Hexanone).............................            110-12-3                2.41
Isobutyl Acetate........................................................            110-19-0                0.62
Methyl Amyl Ketone......................................................            110-43-0                2.36
Hexane..................................................................            110-54-3                1.24
n-Propyl Formate........................................................            110-74-7                0.78
2-Ethoxyethanol.........................................................            110-80-5                3.71
Cyclohexane.............................................................            110-82-7                1.25
Morpholine..............................................................            110-91-8                1.98
Dipropylene Glycol......................................................            110-98-5                2.31
Ethylene Glycol Monoethyl Ether Acetate (2-Ethoxyethyl Acetate).........            111-15-9                1.84
Diethylenetriamine......................................................            111-40-0               15.53
Diethanolamine..........................................................            111-42-2                2.47
Diethylene Glycol.......................................................            111-46-6                3.35
n-Octane................................................................            111-65-9                0.90
2-Butoxy-1-Ethanol (Ethylene Glycol Monobutyl Ether)....................            111-76-2                2.90
Diethylene Glycol Methyl Ether (2-(2-Methoxyethoxy) Ethanol)............            111-77-3                2.66
n-Nonane................................................................            111-84-2                0.78
2-(2-Ethoxyethoxy) Ethanol..............................................            111-90-0                3.26
Ethylene Glycol Monobutyl Ether Acetate (2-Butoxyethyl Acetate).........            112-07-2                1.62
2-(2-Ethoxyethoxy) Ethyl Acetate........................................            112-15-2                1.48
2-(2-Butoxyethoxy)-Ethanol..............................................            112-34-5                2.39
Dimethyl Ether..........................................................            115-10-6                0.81
Triethylamine...........................................................            121-44-8                3.84
2-Phenoxyethanol; Ethylene Glycol Phenyl Ether..........................            122-99-6                4.49
Diacetone Alcohol.......................................................            123-42-2                0.60
2,4-Pentanedione........................................................            123-54-6                1.01
Butanal.................................................................            123-72-8                5.97
Butyl Acetate, n........................................................            123-86-4                0.83
3-Methyl-Butyl Acetate..................................................            123-92-2                1.09
2-(2-Butoxyethoxy) Ethyl Acetate........................................            124-17-4                1.38
2-Amino-2-Methyl-1-Propanol.............................................            124-68-5                0.25
Perchloroethylene.......................................................            127-18-4                0.03
Ethanolamine............................................................            141-43-5                6.81
Ethyl acetate...........................................................            141-78-6                0.63
Heptane.................................................................            142-82-5                1.07
n-Hexyl Acetate (Hexyl Acetate).........................................            142-92-7                0.69
2-Ethyl Hexanoic Acid...................................................            149-57-5                3.32
trans-1,2-Dichloroethene................................................            156-60-5                1.70
1,2,3-Trimethyl Benzene.................................................            526-73-8               11.97
t-Butyl Acetate.........................................................            540-88-5                0.18
Methyl Isobutyrate......................................................            547-63-7                0.61
Methyl Lactate..........................................................            547-64-8                2.67
Methyl Propionate.......................................................            554-12-1                0.66

[[Page 5713]]

 
1,2-Butanediol..........................................................            584-03-2                2.52
n-Butyl Propionate......................................................            590-01-2                0.84
Methyl n-Butyl Ketone (2-Hexanone)......................................            591-78-6                3.14
Dimethyl carbonate......................................................            616-38-6                0.06
2-Methyl-1-Butyl Acetate................................................            624-41-9                1.08
n-Pentyl Propionate.....................................................            624-54-4                0.71
Ethyl Isopropyl Ether...................................................            625-54-7                3.74
Dimethyl Adipate........................................................            627-93-0                1.80
Methyl n-Butyl Ether....................................................            628-28-4                3.15
Amyl Acetate (Pentyl Ethanoate, Pentyl Acetate).........................            628-63-7                0.84
Ethyl n-Butyl Ether.....................................................            628-81-9                3.48
Ethyl t-Butyl Ether.....................................................            637-92-3                2.01
1,3-Dioxolane...........................................................            646-06-0                4.96
Ethyl-3-Ethoxypropionate................................................            763-69-9                3.58
Methyl Pyrrolidone (n-Methyl-2-Pyrrolidone).............................            872-50-4                2.41
Dimethyl Gluterate......................................................           1119-40-0                0.42
C8 Disubstituted Benzenes...............................................           1330-20-7                7.76
Ethylene Glycol 2-Ethylhexyl Ether [2-(2-Ethylhexyloxy) Ethanol]........           1559-35-9                1.55
Propylene Glycol Monopropyl Ether (1-Propoxy-2-Propanol)................           1569-01-3                2.68
Propylene Glycol Monoethyl Ether (1-Ethoxy-2-Propanol)..................           1569-02-4                3.09
2-Methoxy-1-Propanol....................................................           1589-47-5                3.01
Methyl t-Butyl Ether....................................................           1634-04-4                0.73
trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234ze)...........................           1645-83-6                0.10
Ethylcyclohexane........................................................           1678-91-7                1.47
Isoamyl Isobutyrate.....................................................           2050-01-3                0.82
2-Propoxy-ethanol (Ethylene Glycol Monopropyl Ether)....................           2807-30-9                3.30
n-Butoxy-2-Propanol.....................................................           5131-66-8                2.72
d-Limonene (Dipentene or Orange Terpene)................................           5989-27-5                4.55
2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol diisobutyrate...........................           6846-50-0                0.38
Dipropylene Glycol Methyl Ether Isomer (2-[2Methoxypropoxy]-1-Propanol).          13588-28-8                2.58
C9 Styrenes.............................................................          25013-15-4                1.53
Texanol (1,3 Pentanediol, 2,2,4-Trimethyl, 1-Isobutyrate)...............          25265-77-4                0.81
Isodecyl Alcohol (8-Methyl-1-Nonanol)...................................          25339-17-7                1.06
Tripropylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether....................................          25498-49-1                1.92
Glycol Ether DPNB (1-(2-Butoxy-1-Methylethoxy) 2-Propanol)..............          29911-28-2                1.83
Dipropylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether (mixture of isomers)................          34590-94-8                2.58
Propylene Glycol t-Butyl Ether (1-tert-Butoxy-2-Propanol)...............          57018-52-7                1.61
2-Methoxy-1-Propyl Acetate..............................................          70657-70-4                1.12
Dipropylene Glycol Methyl Ether Acetate Isomers.........................          88917-22-0                1.45
Oxo-Heptyl Acetate......................................................          90438-79-2                0.83
2-tert-Butoxy-1-Propanol................................................          94023-15-1                1.81
trans-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (HFO-1233zdE).....................         102687-65-0                0.04
Oxo-Octyl Acetate.......................................................         108419-32-5                0.81
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


         Table 2B to Subpart E of Part 59--Reactivity Factors for Aliphatic Hydrocarbon Solvent Mixtures
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                                    Reactivity
                 Bin                  Average boiling point *               Criteria              factor (g O3/g
                                            (degrees F)                                                VOC)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1...................................  80-205                   Alkanes (<2% Aromatics)..........            1.42
2...................................  80-205                   N- & Iso-Alkanes (>=90% and <2%              1.31
                                                                Aromatics).
3...................................  80-205                   Cyclo-Alkanes (>=90% and <2%                 1.63
                                                                Aromatics).
4...................................  80-205                   Alkanes (2 to <8% Aromatics).....            1.47
5...................................  80-205                   Alkanes (8 to 22% Aromatics).....            1.56
6...................................  >205-340                 Alkanes (<2% Aromatics)..........            1.17
7...................................  >205-340                 N- & Iso-Alkanes (>=90% and <2%              1.03
                                                                Aromatics).
8...................................  >205-340                 Cyclo-Alkanes (>=90% and <2%                 1.44
                                                                Aromatics).
9...................................  >205-340                 Alkanes (2 to <8% Aromatics).....            1.44
10..................................  >205-340                 Alkanes (8 to 22% Aromatics).....            1.98
11..................................  >340-460                 Alkanes (<2% Aromatics)..........            0.70
12..................................  >340-460                 N- & Iso-Alkanes (>=90% and <2%              0.62
                                                                Aromatics.
13..................................  >340-460                 Cyclo-Alkanes (>=90% and <2%                 0.86
                                                                Aromatics).
14..................................  >340-460                 Alkanes (2 to <8% Aromatics).....            0.99
15..................................  >340-460                 Alkanes (8 to 22% Aromatics).....            1.57
16..................................  >460-580                 Alkanes (<2% Aromatics)..........            0.52
17..................................  >460-580                 N- & Iso-Alkanes (>=90% and <2%              0.48
                                                                Aromatics).
18..................................  >460-580                 Cyclo-Alkanes (>=90% and <2%                 0.60
                                                                Aromatics).
19..................................  >460-580                 Alkanes (2 to <8% Aromatics).....            0.66

[[Page 5714]]

 
20..................................  >460-580                 Alkanes (8 to 22% Aromatics).....            0.95
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


         Table 2C to Subpart E of Part 59--Reactivity Factors for Aromatic Hydrocarbon Solvent Mixtures
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                                    Reactivity
                 Bin                   Boiling range (degrees               Criteria              factor (g O3/g
                                                 F)                                                     VOC
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
21..................................  280-290                  Aromatic Content (>=98%).........            7.64
22..................................  320-350                  Aromatic Content (>=98%).........            7.60
23..................................  355-420                  Aromatic Content (>=98%).........            6.85
24..................................  450-535                  Aromatic Content (>=98%).........            3.82
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------



0
11. Add appendix A to subpart E of part 59 to read as follows:

Appendix A to Subpart E of Part 59--In compliance with 40 CFR Part 59, 
Subpart E, the following standards will remain applicable prior to July 
17, 2025.

I. Appendix A--Table 1 Under 40 CFR Part 59, Subpart E

 Appendix A--Table 1 to Subpart E of Part 59--Product-Weighted Reactivity Limits by Coating Category--Applicable
                                             Prior to July 17, 2025
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                               Reactivity limit
                     Coating category                              Category code \a\           (g O3/g product)
 
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Clear Coatings...........................................  CCP                                              1.50
Flat Coatings............................................  FCP                                              1.20
Fluorescent Coatings.....................................  FLP                                              1.75
Metallic Coatings........................................  MCP                                              1.90
Non-Flat Coatings........................................  NFP                                              1.40
Primers..................................................  PCP                                              1.20
Ground Traffic/Marking...................................  GTM                                              1.20
Art Fixatives or Sealants................................  AFS                                              1.80
Auto Body Primers........................................  ABP                                              1.55
Automotive Bumper and Trim Products......................  ABT                                              1.75
Aviation or Marine Primers...............................  AMP                                              2.00
Aviation Propellor Coatings..............................  APC                                              2.50
Corrosion Resistant Brass, Bronze, or Copper Coatings....  CRB                                              1.80
Exact Match Finish--Engine Enamel........................  EEE                                              1.70
Exact Match Finish--Automotive...........................  EFA                                              1.50
Exact Match Finish--Industrial...........................  EFI                                              2.05
Floral Sprays............................................  FSP                                              1.70
Glass Coatings...........................................  GCP                                              1.40
High Temperature Coatings................................  HTC                                              1.85
Hobby/Model/Craft Coatings, Enamel.......................  HME                                              1.45
Hobby/Model/Craft Coatings, Lacquer......................  HML                                              2.70
Hobby/Model/Craft Coatings, Clear or Metallic............  HMC                                              1.60
Marine Spar Varnishes....................................  MSV                                              0.90
Photograph Coatings......................................  PHC                                              1.00
Pleasure Craft Primers, Surfacers or Undercoaters........  PCS                                              1.05
Pleasure Craft Topcoats..................................  PCT                                              0.60
Polyolefin Adhesion Promoters............................  PAP                                              2.50
Shellac Sealers, Clear...................................  SSC                                              1.00
Shellac Sealers, Pigmented...............................  SSP                                              0.95
Slip-Resistant Coatings..................................  SRC                                              2.45
Spatter/Multicolor Coatings..............................  SMC                                              1.05
Vinyl/Fabric/Leather/Polycarbonate Coatings..............  VFL                                              1.55
Webbing/Veiling Coatings.................................  WFC                                              0.85
Weld-Through Primers.....................................  WTP                                              1.00
Wood Stains..............................................  WSP                                              1.40
Wood Touch-up/Repair or Restoration Coatings.............  WTR                                              1.50
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a\ Regulated entities may use these category codes or define their own in accordance with Sec.   59.511(b)(6).


[[Page 5715]]

II. Appendix A--Table 2A Under 40 CFR Part 59, Subpart E

       Appendix A--Table 2A to Subpart E of Part 59--Reactivity Factors--Applicable Prior to July 17, 2025
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                               Reactivity factor
                                Compound                                        CAS No.          (g O3/g VOC)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Formaldehyde............................................................             50-00-0                8.97
Glycerol (1,2,3-Propanetriol)...........................................             56-81-5                3.27
Propylene Glycol........................................................             57-55-6                2.75
Ethanol.................................................................             64-17-5                1.69
Formic Acid.............................................................             64-18-6                0.08
Acetic Acid.............................................................             64-19-7                0.71
Methanol................................................................             67-56-1                0.71
Isopropyl Alcohol (2-Propanol)..........................................             67-63-0                0.71
Acetone (Propanone).....................................................             67-64-1                0.43
n-Propanol (n-Propyl Alcohol)...........................................             71-23-8                2.74
n-Butyl Alcohol (Butanol)...............................................             71-36-3                3.34
n-Pentanol (Amyl Alcohol)...............................................             71-41-0                3.35
Benzene.................................................................             71-43-2                0.81
1,1,1-Trichloroethane...................................................             71-55-6                0.00
Propane.................................................................             74-98-6                0.56
Vinyl Chloride..........................................................             75-01-4                2.92
Acetaldehyde............................................................             75-07-0                6.84
Methylene Chloride (Dichloromethane)....................................             75-09-2                0.07
Ethylene Oxide..........................................................             75-21-8                0.05
Isobutane...............................................................             75-28-5                1.35
HFC-152A (1,1-Difluoroethane)...........................................             75-37-6                0.00
Propylene Oxide.........................................................             75-56-9                0.32
t-Butyl Alcohol.........................................................             75-65-0                0.45
Methyl t-Butyl Ketone...................................................             75-97-8                0.78
Isophorone (3,5,5-Trimethyl-2-Cyclohexenone)............................             78-59-1               10.58
Isopentane..............................................................             78-78-4                1.68
Isobutanol..............................................................             78-83-1                2.24
2-Butanol (s-Butyl Alcohol).............................................             78-92-2                1.60
Methyl Ethyl Ketone (2-Butanone)........................................             78-93-3                1.49
Monoisopropanol Amine (1-Amino-2-Propanol)..............................             78-96-6               13.42
Trichloroethylene.......................................................             79-01-6                0.60
Propionic Acid..........................................................             79-09-4                1.16
Acrylic Acid............................................................             79-10-7               11.66
Methyl Acetate..........................................................             79-20-9                0.07
Nitroethane.............................................................             79-24-3               12.79
Methacrylic Acid........................................................             79-41-4               18.78
a-Pinene (Pine Oil).....................................................             80-56-8                4.29
Methyl Methacrylate.....................................................             80-62-6               15.84
Naphthalene.............................................................             91-20-3                3.26
Xylene, ortho-..........................................................             95-47-6                7.49
o-Cresol................................................................             95-48-7                2.34
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene..................................................             95-63-6                7.18
3-Pentanone.............................................................             96-22-0                1.45
Methyl Ethyl Ketoxime (Ethyl Methyl Ketone Oxime).......................             96-29-7               22.04
gamma-Butyrolactone.....................................................             96-48-0                1.15
Ethyl Lactate...........................................................             97-64-3                2.71
Isobutyl Isobutyrate....................................................             97-85-8                0.61
Isobutyl Methacrylate...................................................             97-86-9                8.99
Butyl Methacrylate......................................................             97-88-1                9.09
Benzotrifluoride........................................................             98-08-8                0.26
PCBTF (p-Trifluoromethyl-Cl-Benzene)....................................             98-56-6                0.11
Cumene (Isopropyl Benzene)..............................................             98-82-8                2.32
a-Methyl Styrene........................................................             98-83-9                1.72
Ethyl Benzene...........................................................            100-41-4                2.79
Styrene.................................................................            100-42-5                1.95
Benzaldehyde............................................................            100-52-7                0.00
Triethanolamine.........................................................            102-71-6                2.76
2-Ethyl-Hexyl Acetate...................................................            103-09-3                0.79
2-Ethyl-Hexyl Acrylate..................................................            103-11-7                2.42
2-Ethyl-1-Hexanol (Ethyl Hexyl Alcohol).................................            104-76-7                2.20
Ethyl Propionate........................................................            105-37-3                0.79
s-Butyl Acetate.........................................................            105-46-4                1.43
n-Propyl Propionate.....................................................            106-36-5                0.93
Xylene, para-...........................................................            106-42-3                4.25
p-Dichlorobenzene.......................................................            106-46-7                0.20
Dimethyl Succinate......................................................            106-65-0                0.23
1,2-Epoxybutane (Ethyl Oxirane).........................................            106-88-7                1.02
n-Propyl Bromide........................................................            106-94-5                0.35

[[Page 5716]]

 
Butane..................................................................            106-97-8                1.33
1,3-Butadiene...........................................................            106-99-0               13.58
Ethylene Glycol.........................................................            107-21-1                3.36
2-Methyl-2,4-Pentanediol................................................            107-41-5                1.04
Hexamethyldisiloxane....................................................            107-46-0                0.00
Isohexane Isomers.......................................................            107-83-5                1.80
Methyl n-Propyl Ketone (2-Pentanone)....................................            107-87-9                3.07
Propylene Glycol Monmethyl Ether (1-Methoxy-2-Propanol).................            107-98-2                2.62
n,n-Dimethylethanolamine................................................            108-01-0                4.76
1-Nitropropane..........................................................            108-03-2               16.16
Vinyl Acetate...........................................................            108-05-4                3.26
Methyl Isobutyl Ketone..................................................            108-10-1                4.31
Isopropyl Acetate.......................................................            108-21-4                1.12
Propylene Carbonate.....................................................            107-46-0                0.00
(4-Methyl-1,3-Dioxolan-2one)............................................            108-32-7                0.25
Xylene, meta-...........................................................            108-38-3               10.61
Propylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether Acetate (1-Methoxy-2-Propyl Acetate)..            108-65-6                1.71
1,3,5-Trimethyl Benzene.................................................            108-67-8               11.22
Di-Isobutyl Ketone (2,6-Dimethyl-4-Heptanone)...........................            108-83-8                2.94
Methylcyclohexane.......................................................            108-87-2                1.99
Toluene.................................................................            108-88-3                3.97
Monochlorobenzene.......................................................            108-90-7                0.36
Cyclohexanol............................................................            108-93-0                2.25
Cyclohexanone...........................................................            108-94-1                1.61
n-Butyl Butyrate........................................................            109-21-7                1.12
Propyl Acetate..........................................................            109-60-4                0.87
Pentane.................................................................            109-66-0                1.54
Ethylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether (2-Methoxyethanol).....................            109-86-4                2.98
Tetrahydrofuran.........................................................            109-99-9                4.95
Methyl Isoamyl Ketone (5-Methyl-2-Hexanone).............................            110-12-3                2.10
Isobutyl Acetate........................................................            110-19-0                0.67
Methyl Amyl Ketone......................................................            110-43-0                2.80
Hexane..................................................................            110-54-3                1.45
n-Propyl Formate........................................................            110-74-7                0.93
2-Ethoxyethanol.........................................................            110-80-5                3.78
Cyclohexane.............................................................            110-82-7                1.46
Morpholine..............................................................            110-91-8               15.43
Dipropylene Glycol......................................................            110-98-5                2.48
Ethylene Glycol Monoethyl Ether Acetate (2-Ethoxyethyl Acetate).........            111-15-9                1.90
Diethylenetriamine......................................................            111-40-0               13.03
Diethanolamine..........................................................            111-42-2                4.05
Diethylene Glycol.......................................................            111-46-6                3.55
n-Octane................................................................            111-65-9                1.11
2-Butoxy-1-Ethanol (Ethylene Glycol Monobutyl Ether)....................            111-76-2                2.90
Diethylene Glycol Methyl Ether (2-(2-Methoxyethoxy) Ethanol)............            111-77-3                2.90
n-Nonane................................................................            111-84-2                0.95
2-(2-Ethoxyethoxy) Ethanol..............................................            111-90-0                3.19
Ethylene Glycol Monobutyl Ether Acetate (2-Butoxyethyl Acetate).........            112-07-2                1.67
2-(2-Ethoxyethoxy) Ethyl Acetate........................................            112-15-2                1.50
2-(2-Butoxyethoxy)-Ethanol..............................................            112-34-5                2.70
Dimethyl Ether..........................................................            115-10-6                0.93
Triethylamine...........................................................            121-44-8               16.60
2-Phenoxyethanol; Ethylene Glycol Phenyl Ether..........................            122-99-6                3.61
Diacetone Alcohol.......................................................            123-42-2                0.68
2,4-Pentanedione........................................................            123-54-6                1.02
Butanal.................................................................            123-72-8                6.74
Butyl Acetate, n........................................................            123-86-4                0.89
2-(2-Butoxyethoxy) Ethyl Acetate........................................            124-17-4                1.38
2-Amino-2-Methyl-1-Propanol.............................................            124-68-5               15.08
Perchloroethylene.......................................................            127-18-4                0.04
Ethanolamine............................................................            141-43-5                5.97
Ethyl acetate...........................................................            141-78-6                0.64
Heptane.................................................................            142-82-5                1.28
n-Hexyl Acetate (Hexyl Acetate).........................................            142-92-7                0.87
2-Ethyl Hexanoic Acid...................................................            149-57-5                4.41
1,2,3-Trimethyl Benzene.................................................            526-73-8               11.26
t-Butyl Acetate.........................................................            540-88-5                0.20
Methyl Isobutyrate......................................................            547-63-7                0.70
Methyl Lactate..........................................................            547-64-8                2.75
Methyl Propionate.......................................................            554-12-1                0.71

[[Page 5717]]

 
1,2 Butanediol..........................................................            584-03-2                2.21
n-Butyl Propionate......................................................            590-01-2                0.89
Methyl n-Butyl Ketone (2-Hexanone)......................................            591-78-6                3.55
Dimethyl carbonate......................................................            616-38-6                0.06
Ethyl Isopropyl Ether...................................................            625-54-7                3.86
Dimethyl Adipate........................................................            627-93-0                1.95
Methy n-Butyl Ether.....................................................            628-28-4                3.66
Amyl Acetate (Pentyl Ethanoate, Pentyl Acetate).........................            628-63-7                0.96
Ethyl n-Butyl Ether.....................................................            628-81-9                3.86
Ethyl t-Butyl Ether.....................................................            637-92-3                2.11
1,3-Dioxolane...........................................................            646-06-0                5.47
Ethyl-3-Ethoxypropionate................................................            763-69-9                3.61
Methyl Pyrrolidone (n-Methyl-2-Pyrrolidone).............................            872-50-4                2.56
Dimethyl Gluterate......................................................           1119-40-0                0.51
Ethylene Glycol 2-Ethylhexyl Ether [2-(2-Ethylhexyloxy) Ethanol]........           1559-35-9                1.71
Propylene Glycol Monopropyl Ether (1-Propoxy-2-Propanol)................           1569-01-3                2.86
Propylene Glycol Monoethyl Ether (1-Ethoxy-2-Propanol)..................           1569-02-4                3.25
2-Methoxy-1-Propanol....................................................           1589-47-5                3.01
Methyl t-Butyl Ether....................................................           1634-04-4                0.78
Ethylcyclohexane........................................................           1678-91-7                1.75
Isoamyl Isobutyrate.....................................................           2050-01-3                0.89
2-Propoxyethanol (Ethylene Glycol Monopropyl Ether).....................           2807-30-9                3.52
n-Butoxy-2-Propanol.....................................................           5131-66-8                2.70
d-Limonene (Dipentene or Orange Terpene)................................           5989-27-5                3.99
Dipropylene Glycol Methyl Ether Isomer (2-[2Methoxypropoxy]-1-Propanol).          13588-28-8                3.02
Texanol (1,3 Pentanediol, 2,2,4-Trimethyl, 1-Isobutyrate)...............          25265-77-4                0.89
Isodecyl Alcohol (8-Methyl-1-Nonanol)...................................          25339-17-7                1.23
Tripropylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether....................................          25498-49-1                1.90
Glycol Ether DPNB (1-(2-Butoxy-1-Methylethoxy) 2-Propanol)..............          29911-28-2                1.96
Propylene Glycol t-Butyl Ether (1-tert-Butoxy-2-Propanol)...............          57018-52-7                1.71
2-Methoxy-1-Propyl Acetate..............................................          70657-70-4                1.12
Oxo-Heptyl Acetate......................................................          90438-79-2                0.97
2-tert-Butoxy-1-Propanol................................................          94023-15-1                1.81
Oxo-Octyl Acetate.......................................................         108419-32-5                0.96
C8 Disubstituted Benzenes...............................................                  na                7.48
C9 Styrenes.............................................................                  na                1.72
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

III. Appendix A--Table 2B Under 40 CFR Part 59, Subpart E

  Appendix A--Table 2B to Subpart E of Part 59--Reactivity Factors for Aliphatic Hydrocarbon Solvent Mixtures--
                                        Applicable Prior to July 17, 2025
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                                    Reactivity
                 Bin                  Average boiling point *               Criteria              factor (g O3/g
                                            (degrees F)                                                VOC)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1...................................  80-205                   Alkanes (<2% Aromatics)..........            2.08
2...................................  80-205                   N- & Iso-Alkanes (>=90% and <2%              1.59
                                                                Aromatics).
3...................................  80-205                   Cyclo-Alkanes (>=90% and <2%                 2.52
                                                                Aromatics).
4...................................  80-205                   Alkanes (2 to <8% Aromatics).....            2.24
5...................................  80-205                   Alkanes (8 to 22% Aromatics).....            2.56
6...................................  >205-340                 Alkanes (<2% Aromatics)..........            1.41
7...................................  >205-340                 N- & Iso-Alkanes (>=90% and <2%              1.17
                                                                Aromatics).
8...................................  >205-340                 Cyclo-Alkanes (>=90% and <2%                 1.65
                                                                Aromatics).
9...................................  >205-340                 Alkanes (2 to <8% Aromatics).....            1.62
10..................................  >205-340                 Alkanes (8 to 22% Aromatics).....            2.03
11..................................  >340-460                 Alkanes (<2% Aromatics)..........            0.91
12..................................  >340-460                 N- & Iso-Alkanes (>=90% and <2%              0.81
                                                                Aromatics).
13..................................  >340-460                 Cyclo-Alkanes (>=90% and <2%                 1.01
                                                                Aromatics).
14..................................  >340-460                 Alkanes (2 to <8% Aromatics).....            1.21
15..................................  >340-460                 Alkanes (8 to 22% Aromatics).....            1.82
16..................................  >460-580                 Alkanes (<2% Aromatics)..........            0.57
17..................................  >460-580                 N- & Iso-Alkanes (>=90% and <2%              0.51
                                                                Aromatics).
18..................................  >460-580                 Cyclo-Alkanes (>=90% and <2%                 0.63
                                                                Aromatics).
19..................................  >460-580                 Alkanes (2 to <8% Aromatics).....            0.88

[[Page 5718]]

 
20..................................  >460-580                 Alkanes (8 to 22% Aromatics).....            1.49
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* Average Boiling Point = (Initial Boiling Point + Dry Point)/2(b) Aromatic Hydrocarbon Solvents.

IV. Appendix A--Table 2C Under 40 CFR Part 59, Subpart E

  Appendix A--Table 2C to Subpart E of Part 59--Reactivity Factors for Aromatic Hydrocarbon Solvent Mixtures--
                                        Applicable Prior to July 17, 2025
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                                    Reactivity
                 Bin                   Boiling range (degrees               Criteria              factor (g O3/g
                                                 F)                                                    VOC)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
21..................................  280-290                  Aromatic Content (>=98%).........            7.37
22..................................  320-350                  Aromatic Content (>=98%).........            7.51
23..................................  355-420                  Aromatic Content (>=98%).........            8.07
24..................................  450-535                  Aromatic Content (>=98%).........            5.00
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

V. Appendix A--Table 3 Under 40 CFR Part 59, Subpart E

 Appendix A--Table 3 to Subpart E of Part 59--Methods--Applicable Prior
                            to July 17, 2025
------------------------------------------------------------------------
         Method name                          Description
------------------------------------------------------------------------
CARB 310 (2005) or...........  Determination of Volatile Organic
                                Compounds (VOC) in Consumer Products and
                                Reactive Organic Compounds in Aerosol
                                Coating Products (May 5, 2005),
                                (incorporated by reference, see Sec.
                                59.515) or
Method EPA 311...............  Analysis of Hazardous Air Pollutant
                                Compounds in Paints and Coatings by
                                Direct Injection into a Gas
                                Chromatograph;
SCAQMD Method 318-95.........  Determination of Weight Percent Elemental
                                Metal in Coatings by X-ray Diffraction,
                                July, 1996, (incorporated by reference,
                                see Sec.   59.515).
ASTM Method D523-89            Standard Test Method for Specular Gloss,
 (Reapproved 1999).             (incorporated by reference, see Sec.
                                59.515).
------------------------------------------------------------------------


[FR Doc. 2025-00436 Filed 1-16-25; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6560-50-P`