III 

118TH CONGRESS 

2D SESSION S. RES. 933 

Calling on the United Nations Security Council to enforce the existing arms 

embargo on Darfur and extend it to cover all of Sudan. 

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES 

DECEMBER 18 (legislative day, DECEMBER 16), 2024 

Mr. BOOKER (for himself, Mr. ROUNDS, Mr. VAN HOLLEN, Mr. YOUNG, Mr. 

KAINE, and Mr. MURPHY) submitted the following resolution; which was 

referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations 

RESOLUTION 

Calling on the United Nations Security Council to enforce 

the existing arms embargo on Darfur and extend it to 

cover all of Sudan. 

Whereas the conflict between the Rapid Support Forces 

(RSF), led by Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo (Hemedti), and 

the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF), led by Abdel Fattah 

al-Burhan, that began on April 15, 2023, has resulted in 

tens of thousands of Sudanese civilian casualties, and 

likely more, and millions of Sudanese people exposed to 

unspeakable trauma; 

Whereas the violence taking place in Sudan against civilians 

echoes the horrors of the genocide in the country’s 

Darfur region that began in the early 2000s; 


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•SRES 933 IS 

Whereas, in July 2004, the United Nations Security Council 

adopted resolution United Nations Security Council Resolution 1556 (2004), which imposed an arms embargo 

against all non-governmental entities and individuals, including the Janjaweed, operating in Darfur, and mandated that all states shall take the necessary measures to 

prevent their nationals or entities operating from their 

respective territories or using their flag vessels or aircraft, from supplying non-governmental entities or individuals operating in Darfur arms and related materiel of 

all types, including weapons and ammunition, military vehicles and equipment, paramilitary equipment, and spare 

parts; 

Whereas, in March 2005, the United Nations Security Council arms embargo under United Nations Security Council 

Resolution 1591 (2005) was expanded to include all belligerents in Darfur, including the Government of Sudan; 

Whereas, in October 2010, United Nations Security Council 

Resolution 1945 (2010) was adopted, which strengthened 

the arms embargo by deciding that all states shall ensure 

that any sale or supply of arms and related materiel to 

Sudan not prohibited by United Nations Security Council 

Resolutions 1556 (2004) and 1591 (2005) are made conditional upon the necessary end user documentation so 

that States may ascertain that any such sale or supply 

is conducted consistent with the measures imposed by 

those resolutions; 

Whereas, on September 11, 2024, the United Nations Security Council renewed United Nations Security Council 

Resolution 1556 (2004); 

Whereas state actors and non-state actors across the Middle 

East, Africa, Asia, and Europe are providing weapons 


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and material support to the RSF and SAF for operations 

in Darfur and across Sudan; 

Whereas a September 9, 2024, report from Human Rights 

Watch noted that according to the Arms Trade Database, 

maintained by the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), weapons and equipment from 

other countries have arrived in Sudan between 2004 and 

2023; 

Whereas, on January 15, 2024, the United Nations Panel of 

Experts on Sudan presented credible reports to the 

United Nations Security Council of newly established 

supply lines to the RSF through neighboring countries; 

Whereas there are credible reports that multiple countries are 

supplying weapons and other dual-use items to the SAF; 

Whereas a 2024 report by the Department of State-affiliated 

Conflict Observatory describes regular cargo plane deliveries of weapons from foreign nations to the RSF in 

Darfur via Amdjarass, Chad, and to the SAF via Port 

Sudan, Sudan; 

Whereas two 2024 reports by Amnesty International and 

Human Rights Watch identified defense articles in 

Sudan, including 8 kinds of small arms manufactured in 

6 different foreign countries, 6 kinds of unmanned aerial 

vehicles (UAV) manufactured in 8 different foreign countries, 5 kinds of ordnances and projectiles manufactured 

in 6 different foreign countries, and several other types 

of materiel related to weapons manufactured in 7 different foreign countries, which increase the lethality of 

the conflict; 

Whereas these weapons have been observed both inside and 

outside Darfur, including Gedaref, Northern and SouthVerDate Sep 11 2014 01:09 Dec 27, 2024 Jkt 059200 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6300 E:\BILLS\SR933.IS SR933

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ern Kordofan, Khartoum, and El Gezira state, all areas 

that are under either SAF or RSF control and where the 

Fact-Finding Mission documented atrocities, child recruitment, heavy shelling, or sexual violence; 

Whereas the conflict has led to the partial or complete destruction of cities across Sudan, including El Geneina, El 

Fasher, El Obeid, Kadugli, Nyala, Wad al-Noura, 

Zalingei, and even the capital Khartoum; 

Whereas one or both parties to the conflict have participated 

in mass atrocities in all of these cities; 

Whereas the provision of armaments to the RSF and SAF 

prolongs this conflict and the needless suffering among 

civilians in Sudan; 

Whereas both the RSF and SAF have continued to use internet shutdowns as a tool of control and repression, further 

isolating and exacerbating the suffering of civilians and 

the ongoing humanitarian crisis; 

Whereas, on December 6, 2023, Secretary of State Anthony 

Blinken determined that the SAF and the RSF have 

committed war crimes and that the RSF and its allies 

have committed crimes against humanity and ethnic 

cleansing; 

Whereas, in September 2024, the Independent International 

Fact-Finding Mission for the Sudan, authorized by the 

United Nations Human Rights Council, reported that it 

had found reasonable grounds to believe that both the 

SAF and the RSF have committed war crimes and the 

RSF and allied militias have committed crimes against 

humanity; 

Whereas the Fact-Finding Mission has documented the use 

of explosives with wide area effects in densely populated 


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•SRES 933 IS 

areas, particularly in Khartoum and Darfur, that has resulted in deaths, injuries, extensive destruction of homes, 

hospitals, schools and other critical infrastructure, and 

the Fact-Finding Mission has found that the SAF and 

the RSF have failed to take sufficient measures to minimize the impact of attacks on civilians; 

Whereas the supply and provision of weapons to parties involved in crimes against humanity and other atrocities 

could implicate state and non-state actors supplying 

weapons used in such atrocities; 

Whereas, while no reliable fatality figures exist, according to 

the United States Special Envoy for Sudan, as many as 

150,000 people may have died in the first year of the 

war, and according to advanced statistical estimates from 

researchers at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, at least 60,000 people have died in Khartoum state alone; 

Whereas women and children have been subjected to torture 

and extreme sexual violence in Darfur, Northern and 

Southern Kordofan, Khartoum, and El Gezira states; 

Whereas the Fact-Finding Mission reports that children are 

being forcibly recruited, trained, and armed by the SAF 

in Khartoum, River Nile, Kassala, Gedaref, Sennar, and 

Red Sea states, and by the RSF in the Darfur, 

Kordofan, and Khartoum states; 

Whereas the draft resolution contained in document S/2024/ 

826, submitted to the United Nations Security Council 

on November 18, 2024, by Sierra Leone and the United 

Kingdom, and calling for a nationwide ceasefire, increased protection of civilians and the unhindered flow of 

humanitarian aid across Sudan and garnered support 


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•SRES 933 IS 

from 14 out of 15 United Nations Security Council members; 

Whereas only one individual has ever been sanctioned for violating the Darfur arms embargo pursuant to United Nations Security Council Resolution 1591 (2005); and 

Whereas the Fact-Finding Mission has recommended that the 

United Nations arms embargo be expanded to cover the 

entire country: Now, therefore, be it 

1 Resolved, That the Senate— 

2 (1) condemns the atrocities committed by the 

3 warring parties in Sudan, including those that may 

4 amount to genocide by the RSF and allied militias 

5 against the Masalit people and other non-Arab eth6 nic groups in Darfur; 

7 (2) calls for an immediate end to the war and 

8 all violence and atrocities in Sudan; 

9 (3) calls on the United Nations Security Coun10 cil— 

11 (A) to expand the Darfur arms embargo to 

12 apply to all territory and actors within the 

13 internationally recognized borders of Sudan; 

14 (B) to expand the Darfur arms embargo to 

15 include dual-use equipment under the list of 

16 prohibited material; 

17 (C) to establish a more stringent sanctions 

18 enforcement regime to ensure actors violating 


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1 the current Darfur arms embargo are held ac2 countable; and 

3 (D) to establish a mechanism for unfet4 tered delivery of humanitarian aid and a mech5 anism to protect civilians; 

6 (4) calls on the United Nations General Assem7 bly to pass a resolution that calls for a nationwide 

8 ceasefire, recognizes the atrocities taking place in 

9 Sudan, and calls for a more effective and inclusive 

10 arms embargo on Sudan, unfettered delivery of hu11 manitarian aid across Sudan, and a mechanism to 

12 protect civilians; and 

13 (5) calls on the United States Government— 

14 (A) to increase support for civil society and 

15 local organizations that are monitoring and doc16 umenting atrocities and weapons deliveries into 

17 Sudan as well as delivering humanitarian re18 sources to vulnerable communities; 

19 (B) to increase and develop improved 

20 mechanisms for monitoring and documenting 

21 atrocities and weapons supply chains into and 

22 across Sudan; and 

23 (C) to press the United Nations, the Afri24 can Union, and other allies and partners— 


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1 (i) to condemn the atrocities taking 

2 place in Sudan; 

3 (ii) to call for a more effective and in4 clusive arms embargo on Sudan; 

5 (iii) to work to ensure unfettered de6 livery of humanitarian aid across Sudan; 

7 (iv) to support a mechanism to pro8 tect civilians; and 

9 (v) to use their influence to pressure 

10 the SAF and RSF to end this conflict. 

Æ 


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