United States Court of Appeals

FOR THE EIGHTH CIRCUIT

___________

No. 98-1388

___________

Anthony Wilson Kingsberry, *

*

Appellant, *

* Appeal from the United States

v. * District Court for the 

* Western District of Missouri.

United States of America, *

*

Appellee. *

___________

Submitted: September 16, 1999

Filed: January 31, 2000

___________

Before RICHARD S. ARNOLD, FLOYD R. GIBSON, and LOKEN, Circuit Judges.

___________

FLOYD R. GIBSON, Circuit Judge.

A jury convicted Anthony Wilson Kingsberry of five drug and firearm offenses.

Kingsberry was sentenced as a career offender and received three concurrent terms of

life imprisonment, a concurrent two hundred and forty month sentence and a mandatory

consecutive sixty month sentence. Kingsberry filed a motion pursuant to 28 U.S.C. §

2255 (Supp. III 1997) to vacate, set aside or correct his sentence. Kingsberry argues

that his trial counsel was ineffective regarding an alleged plea offer by advising him
1The Honorable Scott O. Wright, United States District Judge for the Western

District of Missouri.

2The district court properly granted the government's motion for expansion of the

record, to include these affidavits. See 28 U.S.C. § 2255, Rule 7 (1994) (stating in

pertinent part that "[a]ffidavits may be submitted and considered as a part of the

record").

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inaccurately as to his sentencing exposure and potential classification as a career

offender. The district court1 denied relief without an evidentiary hearing. Kingsberry

appeals, and we affirm. 

I. BACKGROUND

This appeal revolves around an alleged plea agreement offer, the substance

and, indeed, existence of which is disputed. The parties agree that prior to trial, in

an effort to initiate plea agreement negotiations, Kingsberry made a proffer of

information regarding related criminal activity. The government accepted the proffer

and undertook investigation. 

The district court received contradictory affidavits regarding the success of

this proffer.2 Kingsberry alleges that a plea agreement offer was subsequently made

and communicated to him by his trial counsel, Mr. Price. Kingsberry submitted his

own affidavit, as well as the affidavit of his wife, Tara Kingsberry, as evidence of

the plea agreement offer and its terms. See Appellant's Ex. App. at 13-15. 

Conversely, the government contends that upon conducting the proffer it determined

that Kingsberry was being uncooperative and untruthful. As such, the government
3The record on appeal contains no affidavit by the government reciting that it

never offered Kingsberry's trial counsel a formal plea agreement. Yet, the government's

appellate counsel, who also tried the case, argues as though such an affidavit was

submitted to the district court. We assume that the omission of this affidavit resulted

from a technical oversight, rather than dissembling, on the part of the government. If,

however, government counsel who dealt with Kingsberry's trial counsel at the time of

the proffer is unable to state under oath that no such plea agreement was offered, then

we expect the government to file a petition for rehearing admitting that fact and urging

us to remand for an evidentiary hearing. 

4Section 4A1.2(2) states in relevant part that "[p]rior sentences imposed in

related cases are to be treated as one sentence . . . ." Application Note 3 states that

"[p]rior sentences are not considered related if they were for offenses that were

separated by an intervening arrest (i.e., the defendant is arrested for the first offense

prior to committing the second offense). Otherwise, prior sentences are considered

related if they resulted from offenses that . . . were consolidated for trial or sentencing."

Section 4A1.2 is relevant by virtue of Application Note 3 to § 4B1.2.

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claims that a formal plea agreement offer never materialized.3 The government

submitted the affidavit of Kingsberry's trial counsel, Mr. S. Dean Price, to

corroborate its version of the events. See Appellee's Ex. App. at 16-20. 

In any event, Kingsberry proceeded to trial and was convicted. Because the

instant offenses involved a controlled substance and he had been convicted

previously of three separate violent felonies, Kingsberry's Presentence Investigation

Report recommended that he be sentenced as a career offender pursuant to § 4B1.1

of the Sentencing Guidelines. At the sentencing hearing, Mr. Price asserted that

Kingberry did not qualify as a career offender. He opined that because the three

previous offenses had been consolidated for sentencing they were "related" and

therefore, considered appropriately as only one offense under Application Note 3 to

§ 4A1.2.4 The district court rejected this argument, finding that the offenses
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occurred on three different dates and resulted in two separate arrests, thereby

constituting an "intervening arrest" under that same application note. As a result,

Kingsberry fell within the purview of § 4B1.1 and was sentenced as a career

offender. 

I. DISCUSSION

Kingsberry seeks post-conviction relief, claiming that his trial counsel was

constitutionally ineffective during the plea process. Kingberry contends that Mr.

Price misunderstood the term "intervening arrest" and concomitantly the career

offender requirements as they applied to him. Consequently, Kingsberry alleges, he

was not advised of his potential status as a career offender and, perceiving only a

minor variance in potential sentencing exposure, he proceeded erroneously to trial. 

He argues that the district court erred in denying him an evidentiary hearing. We

review the district court's denial of an evidentiary hearing for an abuse of discretion. 

See Widgery v. United States, 796 F.2d 223, 224 (8th Cir. 1986). 

An evidentiary hearing on a § 2255 motion must be granted unless the

motion, files and records of the case establish conclusively that the petitioner is not

entitled to relief. See 28 U.S.C. § 2255 (Supp. III 1997); Voytik v. United States,

778 F.2d 1306, 1308 (8th Cir. 1985). To obtain relief for ineffective assistance of

trial counsel under Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668 (1984), a petitioner must

show that "counsel's representation fell below an objective standard of

reasonableness"and that this "deficient performance prejudiced the defense." Id. at
5As we noted, see supra note 3, our opinion assumes that the omission of a

sworn government affidavit formally denying this was inadvertent. 

6The Advisory Committee Note to 28 U.S.C. § 2254, Rule 7 is made applicable

by reference from the Advisory Committee Note to 28 U.S.C. § 2255, Rule 7. "When

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687-88. If the petitioner makes an insufficient showing on one component, the

court need not address both components. See id. at 697.

We address the prejudice component, assuming arguendo that the

performance of Kingsberry's trial counsel fell below an objective standard of

reasonableness. We begin by noting that prejudice is possible, notwithstanding a

subsequent fair trial, where counsel failed to provide accurate advice regarding a

plea agreement offer. See Engelen v. United States, 68 F.3d 238, 241 (8th Cir.

1995) (citation omitted). See also United States v. Rodriguez, 929 F.2d 747, 753 n.

1 (1st Cir. 1991); United States v. Day, 969 F.2d 39, 44 (3rd Cir. 1992). Logic

dictates therefore, that to establish such prejudice, the petitioner must begin by

proving that a plea agreement was formally offered by the government. Kingsberry

argues that the contradictory affidavits submitted on this issue create a fact dispute,

mandating an evidentiary hearing. We disagree.

The record before this Court is sufficient to show conclusively that a formal

plea offer never materialized. The two parties necessarily privy to a plea offer and

fundamental to resolution of this issue both deny the existence of a plea agreement

offer.5 Kingsberry argues nonetheless, that this type of trial by affidavit is

proscribed by Rule 7 of the Rules Governing § 2254 where the outcome of the

proceeding rests upon the credibility of the affiant.6 While we agree with the
the issue is one of credibility, resolution on the basis of affidavits can rarely be

conclusive, but that is not to say they may not be helpful." See 28 U.S.C. § 2254, Rule

7 advisory committee's note (1994) (quoting Raines v. United states, 423 F.2d 526, 530

(4th Cir. 1970).

7

 Mrs. Kingsberry avers that Mr. Price communicated a plea agreement offer

reducing Kingsberry's sentence from approximately twenty-two years to approximately

five. See Appellant's Ex. App. at 14-15. By contrast, Kingsberry's affidavit stated that

he believed the plea offer would reduce his base offense level from 34 to 32 (equivalent

approximately to fifteen years reduced from twenty). See Appellant's Ex. App. at 13.

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principle enunciated by Kingsberry, we note that an evidentiary hearing is necessary

only where "the court is presented with some reason to question the evidence's

credibility." 1 Liebman and Hertz, Federal Habeas Corpus Practice and Procedure §

19.5, at 723 (3rd ed. 1998). No facts casting genuine doubt upon the veracity of

Mr. Price's affidavit were presented.

 

By contrast however, the veracity of Kingsberry's own supporting affidavits

can be challenged as they recite inconsistent facts regarding the substance of the

alleged plea agreement offer.7 It is well settled in this Circuit that "a single, selfserving, self-contradicting statement is insufficient to render the motion, files, and

records of [the] case inconclusive . . . ." Holloway v. United States, 960 F.2d 1348,

1358 (8th Cir. 1992). See also Smith v. United States, 618 F.2d 507, 510 (8th Cir.

1980) (stating that the mere recitation of unsupported conclusions will not suffice to

necessitate an evidentiary hearing). Accordingly, we cannot say that the district

court abused its discretion in denying Kingsberry's motion without an evidentiary

hearing. 
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Kingberry argues alternatively that even in the absence of a plea agreement

offer, Mr. Price was constitutionally ineffective in not advising him to plead guilty. 

Kingsberry contends that because of Mr. Price's erroneous calculations regarding his

classification as a career offender he forwent the opportunity to plead guilty and

possibly receive a downward adjustment for acceptance of responsibility. 

Kingsberry asserts that an evidentiary hearing is necessary to determine the

substance of Mr. Price's recommendations. We have carefully reviewed this claim

and the affidavits submitted in support and in opposition, and applying similar

reasoning, we conclude that the district court did not abuse its discretion in denying

relief without an evidentiary hearing. 

Accordingly, we affirm the judgment of the district court.

RICHARD S. ARNOLD, Circuit Judge, dissenting.

Petitioner's claim is that his trial counsel was ineffective in not properly advising

him with respect to a plea offer that the government had made. The Court today rejects

this claim on the ground that the affidavits in the record do not create a genuine issue

of material fact with respect to the existence of any such offer. I believe that an

evidentiary hearing should have been held on this issue, and therefore I respectfully

dissent.

In support of his petition, Mr. Kingsberry filed an affidavit swearing that his

lawyer had informed him of a plea offer from the United States "which would result in

a base offense level of 32 at sentencing." Appellant's Add. at A-13. The United States

countered with an affidavit from petitioner's trial counsel, stating that there was never

any formal plea offer. Id. at A-18. On the face of it, these warring affidavits create a
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classic issue of fact. An evidentiary hearing ought to have been held, at which the trier

of fact, having heard and observed live testimony from Mr. Kingsberry and his trial

counsel, could have decided whom to believe. 

The Court avoids this conclusion by citing the affidavit of petitioner's wife, Tara

Kingsberry, which petitioner submitted in support of his claim. According to the Court,

see ante at 6 n.7, Mrs. Kingsberry averred that the lawyer had communicated a plea

agreement in which petitioner's sentence would have been reduced to five years. By

contrast, as I have noted, petitioner's own affidavit refers to a plea offer that would

have reduced his base offense level to 32, producing a sentence of approximately 15

years. The Court today holds that the contradiction which it sees between

Mr. Kingsberry's affidavit and that of his wife operates to avoid the necessity of an

evidentiary hearing.

I disagree with this conclusion for two reasons. First of all, there is no

contradiction between the affidavits of Mr. and Mrs. Kingsberry. Mrs. Kingsberry's

reference to a five-year sentence assumed that her husband would cooperate with the

government, as a co-defendant had done. Mrs. Kingsberry went on to say that

"Mr. Price [petitioner's trial lawyer] stated that if Anthony did not cooperate and pled

guilty he would be sentenced to approximately 15 years in jail." Appellant's Add. at

A-14. Thus, there is no material difference between the two affidavits. Both of them

recount a plea offer that would have produced a sentence of about 15 years. 

Furthermore, even if the two affidavits presented in support of the claim differed

in some material respect, it does not follow that an evidentiary hearing was properly

dispensed with. The Court invokes the rule of Holloway v. United States, 960 F.2d

1348, 1358 (8th Cir. 1992), that "a single, self-serving, self-contradicting statement is

insufficient to render the motion, files, and records of [the] case inconclusive . . .."

With this statement of the law I have no quarrel. The problem is that there is in the

instant case no "single, self-serving, self-contradicting statement" (emphasis supplied).
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There are, instead, two separate statements differing in detail, but agreeing on the

crucial issue, whether the government had made a plea offer to petitioner. Apparently

Mrs. Kingsberry's discussion with the lawyer (if her affidavit is to be believed, which

it must be at the present stage of the case) had been more detailed than that of her

husband. These discussions may well have taken place at different times. There is

nothing at all strange about a lawyer's discussing a husband's case with the wife. 

So the District Court had three affidavits before it: two on the petitioner's side,

both stating that a plea offer that would have resulted in a 15-year sentence had been

made, and one on the government's side, stating that no "formal" offer was ever made.

The odd thing about this case is that we have no affidavit from counsel for the United

States. One would think, in a case like this, that the Assistant United States Attorney

who handled the case against Mr. Kingsberry would file an affidavit of his own backing

up the current recollection of petitioner's trial counsel. If such an affidavit existed, it

perhaps would have been proper to deny an evidentiary hearing, on the ground that

both persons competent to testify of their own knowledge whether a plea offer had been

made had sworn that there had been no offer.

The Court acknowledges that counsel for the United States has supplied no

affidavit. The Court appears to believe that this omission is important, if not crucial.

It speculates, however, that the omission "resulted from a technical oversight . . .."

Ante, at 3 n.3. I question the use of the term "technical." If the central issue of fact is

whether a plea offer was made, and if this fact is within the personal knowledge of

counsel for the United States, it is hard to understand why the omission of an affidavit

to that effect should be excused, at the appellate level, as a "technical oversight." The

government has not told us that an oversight has occurred, neither has it sought leave

to supply an affidavit at this stage of the case. And yet, the Court today decides the

case in favor of the government, subject to the curious condition subsequent that the

government will lose (so far as the holding of an evidentiary hearing is concerned) if

it files a petition for rehearing admitting that it should lose. This is indeed a
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jurisprudential curiosity, and grants an extraordinary indulgence to the most powerful

and best-funded litigant in the world. 

Anthony Kingsberry is serving a life term. Perhaps this is just, but on the present

record I do not think we can be sure. The judgment should be reversed, and the cause

remanded for an evidentiary hearing.

A true copy.

Attest:

CLERK, U.S. COURT OF APPEALS, EIGHTH CIRCUIT.