IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA

No. 18-0776

Filed July 5, 2018

IN THE INTEREST OF L.L.,

Minor Child,

K.M., Mother,

Appellant.

________________________________________________________________

Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Polk County, Romonda D. Belcher, 

District Associate Judge.

A mother appeals the juvenile court order adjudicating her child a child in

need of assistance. REVERSED AND REMANDED. 

Nicholas A. Bailey of Bailey Law Firm, P.L.L.C., Altoona, for appellant 

mother.

Thomas J. Miller, Attorney General, and Mary A. Triick, Assistant Attorney 

General, for appellee State.

Karl Wolle of Juvenile Public Defender’s Office, Des Moines, guardian ad 

litem for minor child.

Considered by Potterfield, P.J., and Doyle and Tabor, JJ.
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POTTERFIELD, Presiding Judge.

A mother appeals the adjudication of her child, L.L, as a child in need of 

assistance (CINA),

1 arguing there was not clear and convincing evidence under 

Iowa Code section 232.2(6)(c)(2) (2018). 

I. Background Facts and Proceedings. 

L.L. was born in February 2018. Several tests have been completed to 

determine whether the mother used methamphetamine around the time of L.L.’s 

birth. The day before the mother gave birth, she was ordered to take a drug test 

by her parole officer. The initial test was positive for methamphetamine but was 

not tested further. The mother then took another test at a treatment facility, which 

was negative. The day the mother gave birth to L.L., she took two urine drug tests

which screened positive for methamphetamine. The drug test she took at 5:25 

a.m. was not confirmed as positive. A later drug test, taken at 1:08 p.m., was 

confirmed as positive for methamphetamine. While the mother claims the later

test was a false positive because of other medications she was taking, the 

laboratory manager testified the confirmation test would not have resulted in a false 

positive for that drug. L.L.’s umbilical cord blood tested negative for drugs, and a 

hair-stat test following removal was negative for drugs. Drug tests taken by the 

mother the following week were negative for drugs. All subsequent drug tests have 

been negative.

The juvenile court allowed L.L. to go home with the mother after birth under 

a DHS safety plan requiring the mother to live with the maternal grandmother. But 

 

1 The father does not appeal. 
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six days after birth, the juvenile court removed the child from the mother based on 

the previous positive drug test. During a removal hearing on February 14, the 

juvenile court confirmed removal. In March, a contested adjudication hearing was 

held. The juvenile court adjudicated L.L. a CINA but permitted the child to live with 

the mother and maternal grandmother. The juvenile court found:

Mother has re-engaged in treatment since child’s [early] February . . 

. 2018 birth and is actively engaged. Mother has attended 16 

sessions since engaging in individual therapy since October 2017.

Mother currently has daily supervised contact with the child and is 

breast feeding. There have been no concerns during those visits 

supervised by [the family safety, risk, and permanency services 

provider] or the custodian. All of the mother’s subsequent urine drug 

screens provided to House of Mercy or parole have been negative.

Disposition was entered in April. At the time of disposition, L.L. had been living 

with the mother and maternal grandmother for over a month. There had been no 

concerns regarding the care the mother was providing L.L. The court continued 

placement of the child with the mother.

II. Standard of Review. 

“We review CINA proceedings de novo.” In re J.S., 846 N.W.2d 36, 40 

(Iowa 2014). Our primary concern is the child’s best interests. Id. “While we give 

weight to the trial courts findings of fact, we are not bound by them.” In re J.R., 

683 N.W.2d 128 (Iowa Ct. App. 2004). The State has the burden to prove the 

allegations by clear and convincing evidence. Id. 

III. Discussion. 

The mother contends the State did not prove by clear and convincing 

evidence that the requirements under Iowa Code section 232.2(6)(c)(2) were met. 

Under this section, a child can be adjudicated a CINA if the child has suffered or 
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is imminently likely to suffer harmful effects as a result of “the failure of the child’s 

parent . . . to exercise a reasonable degree of care in supervising the child.” Iowa 

Code § 232.2(6)(c)(2). Harmful effects “pertains to the physical, mental or social 

welfare of a child.” J.S., 846 N.W.2d at 41. “[W]e have found such effects 

established when there was harm to a child’s physical, mental, or social well-being 

or such harm was imminently likely to occur.” Id. at 41–42. 

The State contends adjudication as a CINA is appropriate because the 

mother has a history of methamphetamine addiction and tested positive for 

methamphetamine while in the hospital giving birth. About a year earlier, an order 

terminating her parental rights to another child based on methamphetamine 

addiction was reversed on appeal, and the mother then consented to the 

termination. In re K.M., No. 16-0795, 2016 WL 4379375 (Iowa Ct. App. Aug. 17, 

2016). 

The Iowa Supreme Court has stated that an active addiction to 

methamphetamine could be “‘imminently likely’ to result in harmful effects to the 

physical, mental, or social wellbeing of the children in the parent’s care.” J.S., 846 

N.W.2d at 37 (“We have no difficulty concluding [under subsection 232.2(6)(c)] that 

a parent’s methamphetamine addiction by itself can result in ‘harmful effects’ to 

the child, thereby justifying state intervention to protect the child.”); see also In re 

A.B., 815 N.W.2d 764, 776 (Iowa 2012) (noting “an unresolved, severe, and 

chronic drug addiction can render a parent unfit to raise children”).

Here, the mother tested positive for methamphetamine use during the 

period immediately before L.L.’s birth. The mother has drug-related felony 

convictions, has been incarcerated for drug-related crimes, and is currently on 
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parole for a 2013 conviction for possession with intent to deliver 

methamphetamine. While we may consider a parent’s past performance, we are 

not required to ignore the present circumstances. Evidence points to the mother’s 

recovery. She has been subject to regular drug tests since at least September 

2017. All but two of the drug tests, on the day before and the day of L.L.’s birth, 

have been negative. The mother has been participating in substance-abuse 

treatment and may soon be successfully discharged from the program. The 

mother has also been consistently participating in therapy since October 2017. 

The mother has had supervised interactions with L.L. since birth and there have 

been no concerns regarding her ability to parent. 

The State has not proven by clear and convincing evidence that L.L. is 

imminently likely to suffer harmful effects as a result of the mother’s failure to 

supervise the child. See In re K.K., No. 15-2110, 2016 WL 1703141, at *2 (Iowa 

Ct. App. Apr. 27, 2016) (reversing CINA determination under Iowa Code section 

232.2(6)(c)(2) when the mother used methamphetamine twice during pregnancy 

but is subsequently obtained sobriety and participated in substance-abuse 

treatment). We reverse the adjudication of L.L. as a CINA under section 

232.2(6)(c)(2) and remand for dismissal of the State’s petition. 

REVERSED AND REMANDED.