FY 2019 Environment and Energy Program Proposal

To:	REDAC E&E Subcommittee

By: 	Dr. Jim Hileman	Chief Scientific & Technical 	Advisor for Environment and Energy

		Office of Environment and Energy 	

Date:	February 28, 2017

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Presentation Outline

Environment and Energy Portfolio Overview

Financial Summary

PPT Financial Summary Table

PPT 5-Year Financial Plan Table

Quad Charts

Summary

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             NOISE                        AIR QUALITY             WATER QUALITY               ENERGY                GLOBAL CLIMATE

Aviation impacts community noise, air quality, water quality, energy usage, and climate change

Environmental impacts from aviation could pose a critical constraint on capacity growth

FAA are pursuing aircraft technology, alternative jet fuels, operations, and policy measures to address the environmental challenges facing aviation

Aviation Environmental Challenges

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AIR QUALITY

Reduce significant air quality impacts attributable to aviation

NOISE

Reduce the number of people exposed to significant noise around U.S. airports

CLIMATE

Achieve carbon neutral growth by 2020 relative to a 2005 baseline

ENERGY

Develop and deploy sustainable alternative aviation fuels

ENVIRONMENT AND ENERGY GOALS

Environmental Protection that Allows Sustained Aviation Growth

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Technology

Alternative Fuels

Operations

Policy

IMPLEMENT

ADVANCE SCIENCE AND INTEGRATED MODELING

Aviation Environmental Tool Suite

Source characterization

Health and welfare impacts

Propagation and dispersion

IMPROVE

Adapt roadmaps

Fill research pipeline

EVALUATE

Progress toward goals

Mitigation opportunities

PLAN

Environment and energy policy statement 1

U.S. climate action plan 2

Research roadmaps 3

GOALS

Noise

Air Quality

Climate

Energy

FAA VISION

Reach the next level of safety, efficiency, environmental responsibility and global leadership

Environmental & Energy Strategy

Notes:

Aviation E&E Policy Statement (Federal Register 77-141, 2012): http://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/apl/environ_policy_guidance/policy/media/FAA_EE_Policy_Statement.pdf

U.S. Aviation GHG Emissions Reduction Plan: http://www.icao.int/environmental-protection/Pages/ClimateChange_ActionPlan.aspx

Environment and Energy Website: http://www.faa.gov/go/environment

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PILLAR 1: Improved Scientific Knowledge and Integrated Modeling

Decision-making based on solid scientific understanding

Work with research community through the Aviation Sustainability Center (ASCENT)

Understand public health and welfare impacts

Incorporate this knowledge within the Aviation Environmental Tool Suite

Science and Tools

PILLAR 2: New Aircraft Technologies

Offer the greatest opportunity to reduce environmental impacts 

Partner with industry, research community, NASA, and Department of Defense 

Mature new engine and airframe technologies through the Continuous Lower Energy, Emissions and Noise (CLEEN) Program 

Technology

PILLAR 3: Sustainable Alternative Aviation Fuels

Reduce environmental impacts, enhance energy security, and provide economic benefits

Collaborate with stakeholders through the Commercial Aviation Alternative Fuels Initiative (CAAFI)

Test alternative jet fuels to ensure they are safe for use through ASCENT and CLEEN

Analyze their potential for reducing the environmental impacts of aviation

Alternative Fuels

PILLAR 4: Air Traffic Management Modernization and Operational Improvements

Increase efficiency of aircraft operations through the Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen)

Engage with industry, research community, NASA, and Department of Defense 

Develop advanced operational procedures to optimize gate-to-gate operations

Integrate infrastructure enhancements to the National Airspace System (NAS), improving environmental performance

Operations

PILLAR 5: Policies, Environmental Standards, and Market Based Measures

Implement domestic policies, programs, and mechanisms to support technology and operational innovation

Develop and implement aircraft emissions and noise standards

Work within the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) to pursue a basket of measures to address emissions that affect climate, including a global market based measure as a gap filler

Seek international partners to further our environmental and energy strategy

Policy

http://www.faa.gov/nextgen 

http://www.caafi.org

http://www.faa.gov/go/cleen 

http://ascent.aero

The Five Pillar Approach

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Research Programs

Continuous Lower Energy, Emissions and Noise (CLEEN) 

Reduce aircraft fuel burn, emissions and noise through technology & advance alternative jet fuels

Cost share partnership with industry

CLEEN I: 2010-2015 & CLEEN II: 2015-2020

ASCENT Center of Excellence (COE)

COE for Alternative Jet Fuel and Environment

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Additional Efforts

Commercial Aviation Alternative Fuels Initiative (CAAFI)

Contract mechanisms (e.g., SEMRS, PEARS, PEARS-II)

Volpe Transportation Center

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COE Technical Areas – Alt Jet Fuels

Feedstock Development, Processing and Conversion Research

Regional Supply and Refining Infrastructure

Environmental Benefits Analysis

Aircraft Component Deterioration and Wear Assessment

Fuel Performance Testing

Technical Areas – Environment

Aircraft Noise and Impacts

Aviation Emissions and Impacts

Aviation Modeling and Analysis

Aircraft Technology Assessment

Environmentally and Energy Efficient Gate-to-Gate Aircraft Operations

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ASCENT COE Update	

New Research Projects (new NFOs)

Due to current budget uncertainty, we are not committing to new ASCENT Projects

Will make decision after CR is lifted

Intend to share NFOs with E&E Subcommittee

ASCENT Leadership

Mike Wolcott of WSU is the new Director

John Hansman of MIT continues as the Co-Director

Ralph Cavalieri has retired, but he is continuing to help with ASCENT

Joint ASCENT-ANERS Meeting in Alexandria VA

ASCENT Meeting – April 18-19

ANERS Meeting – April 20-21

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R&D Developments

Considerable emphasis on noise:

Research on noise impacts and tool development efforts continue

Utilizing FAA-Massport MOU to explore low noise operational procedures in collaboration with ATO

Presented noise R&D needs to joint APL-NASA meeting

Above target requests for UAS noise certification and development of low noise operational procedures for commercial aircraft

Particulate Matter efforts in CAEP continue

Growing efforts on supersonic aircraft

Developing long term vision for AEDT

Alternative jet fuels: CAAFI, ASTM, and CAEP

Technology maturation in CLEEN II continues and we are setting stage for CLEEN III

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Environment & Energy Portfolio

Core RE&D (A13.a) Environment & Energy

Improve scientific understanding of environment & energy constraints 

Incorporate scientific knowledge into an integrated analytical tool suite

Analyze mitigation options for reducing environmental impacts including policy measures and environmental standards

NextGen RE&D (A13.b) Environmental Research

Mature airframe and engine technologies

Advance sustainable alternative jet fuels

Mature noise mitigation techniques for new arrival and departure concepts that could reduce community noise exposure

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Aviation E&E Policy Statement (Federal Register 77-141, 2012): http://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/apl/environ_policy_guidance/policy/media/FAA_EE_Policy_Statement.pdf

NEW

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Airport Technology Research (ATR)

ATR Overview:

Three Research Programs Areas (RPA): Airport Safety, Pavement and Airport Environment

All three RPAs presented to Airports Subcommittee

Two ATR programs related to environment:

Airport Noise Program (started in FY12)

Airport Environmental Research (started in FY16)

These two programs are collaborative efforts among Tech Center, Office of Airports, and Office of Environment and Energy 

Further details given tomorrow by Tom Cuddy

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2017 NARP Milestones - RE&D A13.a
| Year | Milestone                                                                                                                                                             | Status      |
|------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------|
| 2016 | Advance the understanding of noise impacts on social welfare and health                                                                                               | Completed   |
| 2016 | Develop new standard for aircraft carbon dioxide emissions                                                                                                            | Completed   |
| 2016 | Develop methodologies to quantify and assess the impacts of aviation emissions                                                                                        | Completed   |
| 2017 | Refine methods for estimation of aircraft contribution to climate change and implement them in analytical tools                                                       | On schedule |
| 2017 | Advance the understanding of noise impacts on social welfare and health                                                                                               | On schedule |
| 2018 | Advance air quality modeling capabilities to capture global impacts of aviation emissions to inform decision-making and enable solution development                   | On schedule |
| 2018 | Release Aviation Environmental Design Tool (AEDT) Version 3 with improved noise, emissions, and fuel burn estimation methodologies                                    | On schedule |
| 2018 | Provide quantitative analysis to support 2018 U.S. Aviation Green House Gas Emissions Reduction Plan (for submission to ICAO)                                         | On schedule |
| 2019 | Complete analyses to support the development of a new engine exhaust particulate matter standard in ICAO CAEP                                                         | On schedule |
| 2019 | Explore metrics for community exposure to aircraft noise                                                                                                              | On schedule |
| 2019 | Develop improved analytical tools and methodologies for cost-benefit analysis of both domestic and international policy options and scenarios                         | On schedule |
| 2019 | Complete analyses to inform the development of a global market based measure for international aviation                                                               | On schedule |
| 2020 | Develop enhanced methodology for estimation of aviation contribution to climate change                                                                                | On schedule |
| 2020 | Advance understanding of the public reaction to advanced supersonic airplanes to support the development of en-route noise standards for airplanes that exceed Mach 1 | On schedule |
| 2021 | Improve analytical capabilities of aviation environmental analysis tools                                                                                              | On schedule |
| 2022 | Develop new noise and emissions standards                                                                                                                             | On schedule |

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2017 NARP Milestones - RE&D A13.b
| Year | Milestone                                                                                                                                                               | Status      |
|------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------|
| 2016 | Refine the environmental and economic sustainability assessment of renewable alternative turbine engine fuels using the latest methods and knowledge                    | Completed   |
| 2016 | Develop methodology to estimate global lifecycle emissions of alternative jet fuels                                                                                     | Completed   |
| 2016 | Demonstrate technologies that can reduce energy use, emissions, and noise in year two of the second phase of the Continuous Lower Energy, Emissions and Noise Program   | Completed   |
| 2017 | Demonstrate Continuous Lower Energy, Emissions and Noise Advanced Turbine Components                                                                                    | On schedule |
| 2017 | Demonstrate technologies that can reduce energy use, emissions, and noise in year three of the second phase of the Continuous Lower Energy, Emissions and Noise Program | On schedule |
| 2018 | Develop methods to streamline the ASTM approval process for alternative jet fuels                                                                                       | On schedule |
| 2018 | Demonstrate technologies that can reduce energy use, emissions, and noise in year four of the second phase of the Continuous Lower Energy, Emissions and Noise Program  | On schedule |
| 2019 | Advance the understanding of alternative jet fuel composition to enable fuels with lower emissions                                                                      | On schedule |
| 2019 | Develop lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions values for alternative jet fuels for use by ICAO CAEP                                                                        | On schedule |
| 2019 | Demonstrate technologies that can reduce energy use, emissions, and noise in year five of the second phase of the Continuous Lower Energy, Emissions and Noise Program  | On schedule |
| 2020 | Demonstrate certifiable aircraft and engine technologies via CLEEN II                                                                                                   | On schedule |
| 2020 | Initiate Continuous Lower Energy, Emissions and Noise Phase III activities to demonstrate technologies that can reduce energy use, emissions, and noise                 | On schedule |
| 2020 | Support testing to ensure the approval of at least one alternative jet fuel type per year                                                                               | On schedule |
| 2021 | Demonstrate technologies that can reduce energy use emissions and noise via the third phase of the Continuous Lower Energy Emissions and Noise Program                  | On schedule |
| 2022 | Demonstrate technologies that can reduce energy use, emissions and noise in year 3 of the third phase of the CLEEN Program                                              | On schedule |

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|                                                                                     | FY 17 Request |            | FY 18 Request |            | FY 19 Target |            |
|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------|------------|---------------|------------|--------------|------------|
| Program Title                                                                       | In-House      | Contracts  | In-House      | Contracts  | In-House     | Contracts  |
|                                                                                     |               |            |               |            |              |            |
| Base Program (Funding Appropriation)                                                |               |            |               |            |              |            |
| A13.a. Environment & Energy                                                     | 2,362,923     | 12,397,075 | 2,400,498     | 12,796,502 | 2,467,487    | 12,697,163 |
| Above Target Request                                                                |               |            |               |            |              | 1,500,000  |
|                                                                                     |               |            |               |            |              |            |
| Base Subtotal                                                                       | 2,362,923     | 12,397,075 | 2,400,498     | 12,796,502 | 2,467,487    | 12,697,163 |
| With Above Target Request                                                           |               |            |               |            |              | 14,197,163 |
|                                                                                     |               |            |               |            |              |            |
| NextGen Program (Funding Appropriation)                                             |               |            |               |            |              |            |
| A13.b. NextGen Environment & Energy-Aircraft Technologies and Fuels (R,E&D) | 714,208       | 24,950,596 | 722,563       | 25,962,437 | 743,292      | 25,883,860 |
| Above Target Request                                                                |               |            |               |            |              | 3,000,000  |
|                                                                                     |               |            |               |            |              |            |
| NextGen Subtotal                                                                    | 714,208       | 24,950,596 | 722,563       | 25,962,437 | 743,292      | 25,883,860 |
| With Above Target Request                                                           |               |            |               |            |              | 28,883,860 |
|                                                                                     |               |            |               |            |              |            |
| PPT Total                                                                           | 3,077,131     | 37,347,671 | 3,123,061     | 38,758,939 | 3,210,779    | 38,581,023 |
| With Above Target Request                                                           |               |            |               |            |              | 43,081,023 |

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PPT Financial Summary

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Not shown on graph:

Airports Cooperative Research Program (ACRP) provides ~$5M/year for environment projects

FY14-19 Financial Summary

FAA FY 2017 President’s Budget Highlightshttps://www.transportation.gov/mission/budget/fiscal-year-2017-budget-highlights-book

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PPT 5-Year Financial Plan
| Program                                                                             | Out-Year Contract Dollars |            |            |            |            |
|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------|------------|------------|------------|------------|
|                                                                                     | FY 2019                   | FY 2020    | FY 2021    | FY 2022    | FY 2023    |
|                                                                                     |                           |            |            |            |            |
| Base Program (Funding Appropriation)                                                |                           |            |            |            |            |
| A13.a. Environment & Energy                                                     | 12,697,163                | 12,834,191 | 13,078,444 | 13,203,677 | 13,435,794 |
| Above Target Request                                                                | 1,500,000                 | 1,500,000  | 0          | 0          | 0          |
|                                                                                     |                           |            |            |            |            |
| Base Subtotal                                                                       | 12,697,163                | 12,834,191 | 13,078,444 | 13,203,677 | 13,435,794 |
| With Above Target Request                                                           | 14,197,163                | 14,334,191 | 13,078,444 | 13,203,677 | 13,435,794 |
|                                                                                     |                           |            |            |            |            |
| NextGen Program (Funding Appropriation)                                             |                           |            |            |            |            |
| A13.b. NextGen Environment & Energy-Aircraft Technologies and Fuels (R,E&D) | 25,883,860                | 26,302,921 | 26,881,306 | 27,296,658 | 27,871,228 |
| Above Target Request                                                                | 3,000,000                 | 3,000,000  | 3,000,000  | 3,000,000  | 3,000,000  |
|                                                                                     |                           |            |            |            |            |
| NextGen Subtotal                                                                    | 25,883,860                | 26,302,921 | 26,881,306 | 27,296,658 | 27,871,228 |
| With Above Target Request                                                           | 28,883,860                | 29,302,921 | 29,881,306 | 30,296,658 | 30,871,228 |
|                                                                                     |                           |            |            |            |            |
| PPT Total                                                                           | 38,581,023                | 39,137,111 | 39,959,750 | 40,500,335 | 41,307,023 |
| With Above Target Request                                                           | 43,081,023                | 43,637,111 | 42,959,750 | 43,500,335 | 44,307,023 |

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Core RE&D Program (A13.a) - Environment & Energy

FY 2019 Milestones

Advance the understanding of noise impacts on social welfare and health.

Improve ability to model the air quality and climate impacts of aviation emissions.

Enhance the aviation environmental tool suite to improve our ability to calculate environmental consequences and impacts of aviation.

Analyze mitigation options for reducing environmental impacts including policy measures and standards.

Develop improved certification methods

Research Goals

Need

Characterize environmental and energy challenges

Develop and implement mitigation solutions

Enhance international leadership on environment and energy matters

FAA Strategic Plan

Deliver benefits through technology and Infrastructure

Enhance global leadership

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Out Year Funding Requirements 
|                       | FY 2019 | FY 2020 | FY 2021 | FY 2022 | FY 2023 |
|-----------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------|---------|
| Funding Target ($000) | 12,697  | 12,834  | 13,078  | 13,204  | 13,436  |
| Above Target Request  | 1,500   | 1,500   | 0       | 0       | 0       |

This above target request would enable the development of a more robust understanding of potential environmental impacts, particularly noise, of UAS vehicles and develop an appropriate noise certification scheme. 

By 2019, explore appropriate metric for community exposure to aircraft noise.

By 2019, develop improved analytical tool and methodologies for cost-benefit analysis of both domestic and international policy options and scenarios.

By 2019, complete analyses to support the development of policy measures and standards in ICAO CAEP.

By 2020, advance understanding of the public reaction to advanced supersonic airplanes to support the development of en-route noise standards for supersonic airplanes

By 2021, release AEDT Version 4 with high fidelity noise characterization.

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First three accomplishments are from NARP for FY14-FY16

Research goals are from Section 912 briefing, previous year PPT, and my thoughts

By 2019, advance the understanding of alternative jet fuel composition to enable fuels with lower emissions.

By 2019, develop lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions values for alternative jet fuels for use by ICAO CAEP.

By 2021, mature noise mitigation techniques for new arrival and departure concepts that could reduce community noise exposure.

Through 2021, support testing to ensure the approval of at least one alternative jet fuel type per year.

Through 2021, demonstrate certifiable aircraft and engine technologies via CLEEN.

NextGen RE&D Program (A13.b) - Environmental Research - Aircraft Technologies and Fuels

FY 2019 Milestones

Out Year Funding Requirements 

Continue CLEEN II activities to assess and demonstrate aircraft and engine technologies that can reduce energy use, emissions, and noise. Initiate CLEEN III activities. 

Develop operational procedure concepts that could reduce community noise exposure.

Support the approval of additional alternative jet fuel pathways via ASTM International. 

Evaluate regional alternative jet fuel supply chains to identify the key barriers to the development and deployment of ‘drop-in’ alternative jet fuels.

Quantify the economic and environmental benefits of alternative jet fuels at local, regional and global levels.
|                       | FY 2019 | FY 2020 | FY 2021 | FY 2022 | FY 2023 |
|-----------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------|---------|
| Funding Target ($000) | 25,884  | 26,303  | 26,881  | 27,297  | 27,871  |
| Above Target Request  | 3,000   | 3,000   | 3,000   | 3,000   | 3,000   |

Research Goals

Need

Characterize environmental and energy challenges

Develop and implement mitigation solutions

Enhance international leadership on environment and energy matters

FAA Strategic Plan

Deliver benefits through technology and Infrastructure

Enhance global leadership

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This above target request would accelerate the maturation of low noise aircraft technologies and noise mitigation techniques for new arrival and departure concepts that could reduce community noise exposure.

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First three accomplishments are from NARP for FY14-FY16

Research goals are from Section 912 briefing, previous year PPT, and my thoughts

Environment and Energy Funding

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Includes: RE&D, F&E, ATR, Operations, and non-FAA funds (e.g., other US Government and Transport Canada) 

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Recent Successescapabilities and solutions that are helping today

Noise impacts work is starting to deliver results. Community noise survey is complete.  Published report on pilot phase of aircraft noise sleep impacts study.

Provided critical analytical support to development of Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA)

Emissions measurements providing foundation for ICAO CAEP PM standard

Integrated tool suite and analyses provided the scientific data used to support the decision making for the ICAO CAEP CO2 standard 

Alternative fuels scenarios adopted by ICAO CAEP for future trends assessment and research efforts instrumental for alternative fuel inclusion within CORSIA

Federal Alternative Jet Fuel Strategy has been released showing coordinated plan for federal government R&D investments

ASCENT CLEEN aircraft and engine technologies appearing in next generation of aircraft with FMS technologies retrofitted into today’s fleet - reduces noise, emissions and fuel use for many years to come

Certification of five alternative jet fuel pathways – certification enabled United Airlines to buy and use biofuel at LAX as well as purchases by Gulfstream

Aviation Environmental Design Tool being used extensively

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