III 

118TH CONGRESS 

2D SESSION S. RES. 591 

Reaffirming the deep and steadfast partnership between, and the ties that 

bind, the United States and Canada in support of economic and national 

security. 

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES 

MARCH 19, 2024 

Mr. CRAMER (for himself, Mr. KING, Mr. CASSIDY, Mr. CRAPO, Mr. BOOZMAN, Ms. KLOBUCHAR, Mr. CORNYN, Mr. ROUNDS, Mr. FETTERMAN, 

and Mr. RICKETTS) submitted the following resolution; which was referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations 

RESOLUTION 

Reaffirming the deep and steadfast partnership between, and 

the ties that bind, the United States and Canada in 

support of economic and national security. 

Whereas Members of the Senate understand the critical importance of further strengthening and deepening the alliances of the United States, and are called upon not only 

to protect, but to advance the partnerships of the United 

States; 

Whereas the United States enjoys the great fortune of sharing a border with Canada, the closest ally of the United 

States, while countries around the world are facing existential threats from their neighbors; 


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•SRES 591 IS 

Whereas, in June 2023, the bipartisan and bicameral American Canadian Economy and Security Caucus was established in the Senate and the House of Representatives, 

presenting an opportunity to fortify and advance the indispensable economic and security partnership between 

the United States and Canada; 

Whereas the Governments of the United States and Canada 

can reinforce shared interests in the 4 critical areas of 

economic security, sustainability, energy, and critical 

mineral security, national security, and global security; 

Whereas the prosperity of citizens of the United States and 

Canada depends on the mutually beneficial economic relationship and resilient and integrated supply chains of the 

United States and Canada; 

Whereas the Agreement between the United States of America, the United Mexican States, and Canada, done at 

Buenos Aires November 30, 2018 (commonly known as 

the ‘‘United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement’’), forms 

the foundation of the economic competitiveness of the 

United States and Canada; 

Whereas the Governments of the United States and Canada— 

(1) share one of the largest trading relationships in 

the world, with approximately $1,300,000,000,000 in bilateral trade in goods and services in 2022, supporting 

more than 7,500,000 jobs in the United States; and 

(2) understand the importance of secure and resilient supply chains, and have established formal mechanisms to further strengthen the economic integration between the United States and Canada so that the United 

States and Canada can withstand major crises; 


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Whereas Canada is the largest single export market for the 

United States and was the primary customer for 33 of 

50 States in 2022; 

Whereas, in 2022, more than 300 congressional districts in 

the United States each exported more than $250,000,000 

in goods to Canada, and more than 100 districts each exported more than $1,000,000,000 in goods to Canada; 

Whereas trade between the United States and Canada is built 

on long-standing binational supply chains, whereby 

roughly 80 percent of Canadian goods exports to the 

United States are incorporated into United States supply 

chains and Canadian goods sold to the United States 

contain on average 25 percent content produced in the 

United States; 

Whereas Canada buys more than $22,000,000,000 worth of 

automotive parts from the United States each year, and 

each assembled vehicle exported to the United States 

from Canada contains approximately 50 percent of content originating from the United States; 

Whereas the United States and Canada— 

(1) are global leaders in science, technology, and innovation, and can secure the future of North America as 

the most competitive region in the world; 

(2) are working together to deepen cooperation in 

developing and protecting emerging technologies, including artificial intelligence and quantum science; and 

(3) are founding members of the Global Partnership 

on Artificial Intelligence, with Canada hosting the inaugural plenary in December 2020; 

Whereas Canada— 


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(1) is the fourth largest petroleum producer in the 

world and is the largest foreign supplier of energy to the 

United States, including oil, uranium, natural gas, and 

electricity; and 

(2) is a reliable source of energy and resources for 

the United States, producing more than 60 minerals and 

metals, and is a leading global producer of 19 critical 

minerals on the List of Critical Minerals published by the 

United States Geological Survey; 

Whereas the United States and Canada— 

(1) have a deeply interconnected electricity sector, 

with more than 35 active electricity transmission connections between the two countries, many of which enable 

bidirectional flows of electricity, helping to ensure the security and reliability of the North American grid; 

(2) are committed to closely collaborating to achieve 

shared sustainability objectives, including advancements 

in energy efficiency and the reduction of emissions to 

support a sustainable future; 

(3) have committed to work together to protect biodiverse areas that span the shared border between the 

United States and Canada, including in collaboration 

with Indigenous and Tribal partners, benefitting shared 

species like migratory birds; 

(4) have an appreciation for environmental stewardship and abide by some of the highest production standards in the world, reducing global emissions through the 

production of goods in the United States and Canada; 

and 

(5) have jointly collaborated for more than 100 

years under the Treaty Relating to the Boundary Waters 

and Questions Arising Along the Boundary Between the 

United States and Canada, done at Washington January 


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11, 1909 (36 Stat. 2448; TS 548) (commonly known as 

the ‘Boundary Waters Treaty of 1909’) to manage and 

conserve shared waters for the benefit of both countries, 

including more than 50 years under the Agreement between Canada and the United States of America on 

Great Lakes Water Quality, done at Ottawa November 

22, 1978; 

Whereas the United States and Canada— 

(1) share 3 oceans and the longest border in the 

world; 

(2) are committed to jointly protecting the security 

of the citizens of the United States and Canada, because 

the Governments of the United States and Canada understand that a threat to the security of one country is 

a threat to the security of both countries; 

(3) recognize that collective security is a shared responsibility, and are committed to expanding cooperation 

on continental defense and in the Arctic, including by increasing investments in continental defense and modernizing the North American Aerospace Defense Command, 

the only binational military command in the world; 

(4) share the desire for a peaceful, stable, and predictable Arctic region, including for the benefit of Arctic 

and Northern peoples and communities; 

(5) cooperate to keep the border open to legitimate 

trade and travel but closed to terrorists, criminals, and 

threats to the health and safety of citizens; 

(6) work together to secure the border shared by the 

United States and Canada through the Cross-Border 

Crime Forum, Integrated Border Enforcement Teams, 

the Beyond the Border Initiative, NEXUS, the Border 

Enforcement Security Task Force, shiprider agreements, 

the Integrated Cross Border Maritime Law Enforcement 


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Operations, and United States preclearance operations 

conducted at Canadian airports, all of which enhance 

joint security efforts; 

(7) have an Integrated Border Enforcement Charter 

that allows the border enforcement agencies of the 

United States and Canada to jointly identify national security threats, disrupt organized criminal activities, seize 

drugs and weapons, and intercept criminal networks trying to smuggle people across the border; and 

(8) safely oversee the movement of more than 

400,000 people every day and more than $2,600,000,000 

worth of goods and services crossed the border each day; 

Whereas the United States and Canada— 

(1) are the only 2 countries in the world that are 

have borders along the Pacific, Atlantic, and Arctic 

oceans; 

(2) are unequivocally committed to playing a leadership role in protecting global security and promoting democracy around the world; 

(3) work together to advance democratic principles, 

human rights, and free trade policies through the G7, the 

G20, the United Nations, the Organization for Security 

and Co-operation in Europe, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, the World Trade 

Organization, and the Organization of American States; 

(4) cooperate extensively through a ‘‘Tri-Command 

Framework’’ comprised of the United States Northern 

Command, the Canadian Joint Operations Command, 

and the North American Aerospace Defense Command; 

(5) work together as the only North American members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) 

to ensure peace and security in the transatlantic region; 


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(6) support deterrence and defense efforts by NATO 

and other European Allies through roles as the Framework Nations for the NATO brigades in Latvia and Poland; and 

(7) remain steadfast in support for Ukraine, working together to provide critical military assistance and 

training to strengthen the capacity of Ukraine to withstand aggression by the Russian Federation; 

Whereas Canada has been a committed ally in upholding the 

rules-based international order by promoting peace, resilience, and security in the Indo-Pacific region through an 

augmented and diversified military presence; 

Whereas Canada has been a reliable and engaged partner of 

the United States in the Indo-Pacific by collaborating extensively with United States Indo-Pacific Command, including through bilateral and multilateral exercises, regional security cooperation and defense engagements, involvement in regional defense forums, and ultimately, 

through unwavering support of a free, open, and inclusive 

Indo-Pacific region; and 

Whereas history, geography, commerce, security, and shared 

democratic values underpin a close relationship between 

the United States and Canada: Now, therefore, be it 

1 Resolved, That the Senate— 

2 (1) recognizes that the relationship between the 

3 United States and Canada is an essential strategic 

4 asset to the United States and United States citi5 zens, and is critical to promoting peace, expanding 

6 global economic opportunity, and being prepared to 

7 respond to unforeseen events; 


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1 (2) reaffirms the commitment of the United 

2 States to maintain and grow the critical partnership 

3 between the United States and Canada; 

4 (3) recognizes that the security of one country 

5 is dependent on the security of the other, and wel6 comes greater collaboration in the areas of defense, 

7 cyber and technology security, and Arctic security; 

8 (4) reaffirms the commitment of the United 

9 States to the bilateral and international alliance be10 tween the United States and Canada, which allows 

11 the United States and Canada to face common 

12 threats together and uphold common values, includ13 ing democracy, human rights, and the rule of law; 

14 (5) recognizes the strategic importance of one 

15 the most secure borders in the world, the comanage16 ment of which facilitates trade and serves as a trust17 ed corridor for the supply chains of the United 

18 States and Canada; 

19 (6) recognizes that bolstering the supply chains 

20 of the United States and Canada will make each 

21 such country more competitive and more resilient in 

22 the face of economic aggression from hostile coun23 ties; 

24 (7) supports an increased focus on energy secu25 rity through greater cross-border energy infrastrucVerDate Sep 11 2014 22:51 Mar 19, 2024 Jkt 049200 PO 00000 Frm 00008 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\SR591.IS SR591

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1 ture, including infrastructure for oil, natural gas, 

2 nuclear and renewable energy, and resilient elec3 tricity transmission, and through diversifying critical 

4 minerals supply chains; 

5 (8) reaffirms the commitment of the United 

6 States to strengthen cooperation on shared climate 

7 and environmental and sustainability priorities; and 

8 (9) is fully committed to the creation of more 

9 well-paying jobs in the United States through con10 tinued and increased trade and investment with 

11 Canada. 

Æ 


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