NOT FOR PUBLICATION

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

ALFREDO HERNANDEZ; GRACIELA 

HERNANDEZ, 

Plaintiffs-Appellants, 

 v. 

SPECIALIZED LOAN SERVICING LLC; 

et al., 

Defendants-Appellees, 

and 

EXPERIAN INFORMATION 

SOLUTIONS, INC.; et al., 

Defendants.

No. 19-55163 

D.C. No. 

2:17-cv-04294-GW-JEM 

MEMORANDUM*

ALFREDO HERNANDEZ, 

Plaintiff-Appellant, 

 v. 

BAYVIEW LOAN SERVICING, LLC; et 

al., 

Defendants-Appellees.

No. 19-56313 

D.C. No. 

2:19-cv-01237-GW-JEM 

* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent 

except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.

FILED

NOV 17 2020

MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK

U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
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Appeal from the United States District Court

for the Central District of California

George H. Wu, District Judge, Presiding

Submitted November 13, 2020**

Pasadena, California

Before: CHRISTEN and WATFORD, Circuit Judges, and ROSENTHAL,***

District Judge.

The district court properly granted summary judgment to defendants 

Specialized Loan Servicing (SLS), Five Brothers, and Standard Field Services

(SFS) on the plaintiffs’ Fair Debt Collection Practices Act (FDCPA) claims, and to 

SLS on the plaintiffs’ Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA) claims. The district court 

also properly dismissed the claims against Bayview Loan Servicing and Bank of 

New York Mellon (BoNYM) and granted judgment on the pleadings to Equifax 

and Experian on claim and issue preclusion grounds. 

1. The district court correctly held that the plaintiffs’ FDCPA claim against 

SLS was time-barred. The FDCPA requires that a plaintiff bring his action within 

one year of the date on which the alleged violation occurred. 15 U.S.C. 

§ 1692k(d); Rotkiske v. Klemm, 140 S. Ct. 355, 358 (2019). The last time SLS 

** The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision 

without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).

*** The Honorable Lee H. Rosenthal, Chief United States District Judge 

for the Southern District of Texas, sitting by designation.
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reported the plaintiffs’ delinquent loan to the credit reporting agencies was in 

November 2013, after which point it stopped servicing the loan. Thus, the very 

latest a violation could have occurred was November 2013. The plaintiffs did not 

bring their claim until 2017. 

2. The district court also correctly held that, for purposes of all of plaintiffs’ 

FDCPA claims except their claim under § 1692f(6), Five Brothers and SFS are not 

“debt collectors.” The statute defines “debt collector” as any person whose 

“principal purpose . . . is the collection of any debts, or who regularly collects or 

attempts to collect . . . debts owed or due.” 15 U.S.C. § 1692a(6). This court has 

held that attempts to facilitate a non-judicial foreclosure do not qualify as attempts 

to collect debt. Ho v. ReconTrust Co., NA, 858 F.3d 568, 571–72 (9th Cir. 2016). 

Five Brothers is principally a property preservation company, and its posting of

door hangers asking the plaintiffs to contact Ditech cannot be construed as 

“regular[] . . . attempts to collect” debts. 15 U.S.C. § 1692a(6). And SFS simply 

uses software to broker inspections and send Five Brothers’ work orders to 

independent contractor inspectors. 

3. The FDCPA provides that, for purposes of § 1692f(6), the term “debt 

collector” also includes any person whose principal purpose is “the enforcement of 

security interests.” 15 U.S.C. § 1692a(6). It is debatable whether Five Brothers 
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and SFS qualify as debt collectors for purposes of § 1692f(6), but the district court

correctly concluded that, even if they do, they did not violate the statute. 

Under § 1692f(6), it is a violation of the Act to take or threaten to take “any 

nonjudicial action to effect dispossession or disablement of property” if there is 

“no present right to possession of the property claimed as collateral through an 

enforceable security interest.” 15 U.S.C. § 1692f(6). The district court correctly 

determined that Five Brothers and SFS did not violate this provision because 

Ditech—on whose behalf Five Brothers and SFS were working—had a “present 

right to possession of the property.” The plaintiffs argue that Ditech had no right 

to possess their home because they were current on their loan. But this argument is 

dependent on the plaintiffs’ contention that the Loan Modification Agreement they 

entered into with Bank of America capitalized their escrow balance. The plain 

language of the Agreement establishes that the escrow balance was not capitalized. 

The Agreement stated that the new principal loan amount “may include . . . escrow 

payments,” but only if the parties so agreed. There was no such agreement. Other 

portions of the Loan Modification Agreement and accompanying offer letter 

confirm that the escrow balance was not capitalized. Thus, the plaintiffs had an 

obligation to pay escrow as part of their monthly payments; they failed to do so

and became delinquent on their loan, as admitted by their own expert. Their 
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delinquency gave Ditech a “present right to possession of the property.” 15 U.S.C. 

§ 1692f(6).

4. As to the FCRA claims, plaintiffs failed to establish that SLS neglected 

its duty to conduct reasonable investigations of the dispute notices it received from 

the credit reporting agencies (CRAs). SLS had standard procedures in place—

involving review of payment history, account status, etc.—to ensure that all credit 

disputes were investigated in accordance with the requirements of the FCRA. 

Nothing in the record indicates that SLS neglected to apply those procedures to the 

plaintiffs’ disputes. The plaintiffs object that SLS should have conducted an audit 

of Bank of America’s original payment records and the Loan Modification 

Agreement. But the reasonableness of SLS’s investigations is evaluated in light of 

“what it learned about the nature of the dispute from the description in the CRA’s 

notice of dispute.” Gorman v. Wolpoff & Abramson, LLP, 584 F.3d 1147, 1157 

(9th Cir. 2009). None of the dispute notices explained the plaintiffs’ theory that 

the Loan Modification Agreement had capitalized their escrow balance—rather, 

they stated in generic terms that the plaintiffs were contesting an “incorrectly 

reported delinquent amount” or an “erroneous balance.” SLS’s investigations were

reasonable in light of these generic dispute notices.

5. Finally, with regard to Alfredo Hernandez’s second lawsuit, the district 

court properly dismissed the claims against Bayview and BoNYM on claim and
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issue preclusion grounds. It also properly granted judgment on the pleadings to 

Equifax and Experian on issue preclusion grounds. On appeal, Hernandez does not 

challenge the district court’s application of these preclusion doctrines. He merely 

argues that if this court were to reverse the district court’s judgment in the first 

case, it should do so as well in the second case because preclusion would no longer 

apply. Given that we affirm the judgment in the first action, we affirm the 

judgment in the second action as well. 

AFFIRMED.