FAA Alternative Jet Fuels R&D Update

To:	FAA E&E REDAC	

By: 	Nate Brown	Alternative Jet Fuel Project 	Manager, FAA Office of 	Environment and Energy 

Date:	March 17, 2015

Federal Aviation

Administration

Federal Aviation

Administration

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Overview of the program

Alternative jet fuels are a key component of U.S. strategy for meeting aviation environmental goals

FAA efforts are directed to overcoming key challenges via testing, analysis and coordination

Multiple programs and activities focus on different aspects of the challenge

Partnerships across technical areas, and with partners with very different expertise across the supply chain are a key focus

Strong domestic and international coordination necessary for success

Alternative Fuels Principles – FAA Vision

Alternative Jet Fuels must be drop in, have equivalent safety and better environmental performance than petroleum Jet fuel

Enable all possible fuels that meet criteria 

Government role to address key barriers 

Work through Public-Private Partnerships

Address the whole supply chain

Leverage expertise and resources of other government agencies and other countries

Aviation should be a lead user of alternative fuels

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Federal Aviation

Administration

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FAA Programs supporting Alternative Jet Fuels

Continuous Lower Energy, Emissions and Noise (CLEEN)

Reduce aircraft fuel burn, emissions and noise through technology & advance alternative jet fuels

CLEEN I: 2010-2015 ($125M with 1:1 minimum cost share)

CLEEN II: 2015-2020 ($100M with 1:1 minimum cost share)

Aviation Sustainability Center (ASCENT)

Center of Excellence for Alternative Jet Fuels and Environment

University team led by WSU and MIT

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Commercial Aviation Alternative Fuels Initiative (CAAFI)

Public-Private coalition for commercial aviation to engage the emerging alternative fuels industry

Federal Aviation

Administration

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Three FAA sponsored programs are supporting the exploration and development alternative jet fuels.

ASCENT is a University based research center of excellence (COE). Headquartered at Washington State University (WSU) and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) it inlcudes 15 Universities that conduct analysis on alternative jet fuel and aviation environment topics inlcuding environmental and economic analysis and performance and emissions testing of alternative jet fuels

The CLEEN program is an FAA technology development program focusing on environmentall friendly aviation technologies to reduce aircraft fuel burn, emissions, noise and facilitate evaluation and use of alternative jet fuels. Through the CLEEN program FAA and industry have conducted crucial testing that has lead to existing alternative jet fuel approvals. CLEEN is currently evaluating proposals for a new round of the program to begin later this year.

CAAFI is a public-Private Coalition focused on coordinating and enabling alternative jet fuel development and deployment. CAAFI was formed by the FAA and industry in  2006 as a forum for information exchange and coordination. CAAFI supports research, environmental, fuel certification and business development efforts to enable alternative jet fuel development and use. 

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FAA Alternative Jet Fuel Activities

Testing

Support Cert/Qual testing

Improve Cert/Qual process

Emissions measurements

Analysis 

Environmental sustainability

Techno-economic analysis

Future scenarios

Coordination

Interagency

Public-Private

State & Regional

International

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Federal Aviation

Administration

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R&D portfolio is to advance our understanding and play our role as a facilitator of the process

Loosely grouped into three categories:

Performance and emissions Testing of Alternative fuels to support ASTM Internaional approval and emission benefits measurement

Support evaluation of fuels for ASTM approval

Reduce test cost and time for qualification

2. Analysis on impacts, economics and availability to:

Improve understanding of environmental and economic sustainability of alternative jet fuel pathways 

Improve understanding of the potential availability of alternative jet fuels

3. Coordination and Leveraging efforts across...interagency, public-private, regional level and with international partners

Complement and leverage work of other U.S. agencies 

Complement and leverage work of private sector

Support deployment through state/regional supply chain development

Complement and leverage work of international partners

Our means of conducting the work on the right side 

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FAA Alternative Jet Fuel Activities

Testing

Support Cert/Qual testing

Improve Cert/Qual process

Emissions measurements

Analysis 

Environmental sustainability

Techno-economic analysis

Future scenarios

Coordination

Interagency

Public-Private

State & Regional

International

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Federal Aviation

Administration

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Fuel Qualification Support

Support ASTM Intl evaluation of alternative jet fuels

Support ASTM D4054 testing activities to develop data for approvals

     (CLEEN; Volpe BAA; ASCENT 

     Project 31)

Research Report Review 

    (CLEEN)

Streamline approval process via the National Jet Fuel Combustion Program (ASCENT)

Federal Aviation

Administration

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1) Near term effort to Support ASTM D4054 testing activities to enable development of data for approvals

CLEEN Testing of novel fuels

RR lab, rig and apu testing of 4 novel fuels

PW615F turbofan testing of 3 fuels completed

Honeywell HEFA testing and exploration of 100% biofuel & Cooperative testing of Alcohol-to-Jet fuel with USAF 

BAA

Honeywell HEFA endurance testing

Honeywell APU testing of 7 fuels underway

ASCENT Project 31

TBD testing

2) Support for Research Report Review & Coordination

Via CLEEN

Support organized approach to fuels in ASTM pipeline

Boeing, GE, Honeywell, P&W, RR and SWRi

3) Mid term effort to streamline ASTM International jet fuels approval process

Develop generic fuel composition/chemistry evaluation methodology

Standardized rig/lab tests

Chemical kinetic/combustion modeling

Collaborative OEM/university/federal effort

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ASCENT C/Q Projects (FY14)

P31 Alternative Jet Fuel Test and Evaluation

P33 Alternative Jet Fuel test data library

P25 NJFCP Area 1- Chemical Kinetic Combustion

P26 NJFCP Area 2 -Chemical Kinetic Modeling

P27 NJFCP Area 3 - Advanced Combustion Test

P28 NJFCP Area 4 - Combustion Modeling

P29 NJFCP Area 5 - Atomization Testing

P30 NJFCP Area 6 - Referee Swirl Stabilized Combustor Evaluation

P34 NJFCP Area 7 - Overall Program Integration and Analysis

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Federal Aviation

Administration

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With FY14 fund

National program on combustion of jet fuel

ASTM support (P31) 

8 projects 

2.25 Million for NPCJF

400 K for P31

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FAA Alternative Jet Fuel Activities

Testing

Support Cert/Qual testing

Improve Cert/Qual process

Emissions measurements

Analysis 

Environmental sustainability

Techno-economic analysis

Future scenarios

Coordination

Interagency

Public-Private

State & Regional

International

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Federal Aviation

Administration

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Alternative Fuels Analysis

*http://web.mit.edu/aeroastro/partner/reports/proj28/partner-proj28-2010-001.pdf

Environmental Analysis

Well-to-tank GHG and combustion CO2  & influential aspects of fuel production on GHG emissions

Economic Analysis

TEA Multiple pathways & focus on reducing production cost. 

Emissions Analysis

examine test data to understand how fuel composition effects emissions

Future Supply

Regional supply chain assessment

Federal Aviation

Administration

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Environment

Continuing work at PARTNER and now ASCENT has done comparative analysis of more than a dozen JET fuels to analyze the potential greenhouse gas footprints of the fuels.

Results have been incorporated into the DOE (Argonne NL) GREET LCA model (Greenhouse gas and regulated emissions in Transportation model) – which is a widely used U.S. model for calculating GHG results

There are many factors that influence overall GHG footprint, analysis is helping us to identify the levers so that we can reduce these.

Results of this work are also helping to support the work of the ICAO CAEP Alternative Fuels Task Force (AFTF)

Economic

Supporting teams at Stanford and ARI to examine ACCESS results as well as MIT and PSU to examine test data to understand how fuel composition effects emissions

Continuing work at our COE is looking at the potential costs of production for different alternative jet fuel pathways.

There are many factors that influence overall cost of production, analysis is helping us to identify the levers so that we can reduce these.

Results also help to inform us about the circumstances and drivers to allow us to see significant commercial production of these fuels. 

Feedstocks; production slate; brownfields

Emissions

COE developing relationship for black carbon emissions based on engine thrust and fuel aromatic content1

Expanding knowledge to include alt jet fuels that have aromatic content (e.g., HDCJ)

Ongoing analysis effort via ASCENT Project 24

Future Supply

ASCENT Project on regional supply chains now underway

objectives:

Develop information on regional supply chains for use in creating scenarios of future alternative jet fuel production 

Identify the key barriers in regional supply chains that must be overcome to produce 1 billion gallons of alternative jet fuel by 2018 and more in the longer term

Useful for understanding the deployment picture and strategy

Supports efforts to develop scenarios and to incorporate sustainability concerns

Complements CAAFI and Farm to Fly 2.0 activities0

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ASCENT Analysis Projects (FY14)

P1 Alternative Jet Fuel Supply Chain Analysis

P13 ACCESS 2 Micro Physical Modeling with NASA

P24 Emissions Data Analysis for CLEEN, ACCESS, and Other Recent Tests

P32 Worldwide Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions from Petroleum Jet Fuel

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Federal Aviation

Administration

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Range of additional projects

$2.05M total

$1.6M for P1

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FAA Alternative Jet Fuel Activities

Testing

Support Cert/Qual testing

Improve Cert/Qual process

Emissions measurements

Analysis 

Environmental sustainability

Techno-economic analysis

Future scenarios

Coordination

Interagency

Public-Private

State & Regional

International

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Federal Aviation

Administration

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Interagency Coordination across supply chain & National Alternative Jet Fuel R&D Strategy

Commercial Aviation Alternative Fuel

    Initiative (CAAFI)

Farm to Fly 2.0

CAAFI State & Regional Deployment

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Domestic Coordination

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FAA efforts are part of a broader government and private sector effort that requires coordination across supply chain. 

We are depending on the programs, policies and expertise of 8 different agencies.

NAJFS - To identify opportunities and strategically address challenges associated with Research, Development, Demonstration, and Deployment (RD3) along the development path of alternative jet fuels. 

An undertaking by Aeronautical Science and Technology Subcommittee of the OSTP/NSTC with input from stakeholder community.

Interagency working group of 8 participating Departments & Agencies: USDA, DOC, DOD, NASA, FAA, DOE, EPA, NSF, DOS

CAAFI

Public – private partnership – coordination, information exchange, direction and support

F2F2

Farm to Fly 2.0 is an agreement to cooperate to develop the supply of alternative jet fuel in the United States.

Signatories: USDA, FAA, DOE and Industry associations Airlines for America (A4A), Aerospace Industries Assoc. (AIA), Airports Council International-North America (ACI-NA), General Aviation Manufacturers Association (GAMA) and the National Business Aviation Association (NBAA) = Entire civil jet-aviation enterprise now represented and engaged

Purpose: 

To focus government and aviation industry resources towards jet fuel supply chain development.

Endorsed and adopted FAA goal of 1 billion gallons by 2018.

Supporting feasability studies for fuel production in various U.S. states.

CAAFI state & regional deployment

Supporting “grassroots” supply chain development and fuel production.

Identifying local lead organizations/POCs/stakeholders in states and regions.

Provide context, advice, strategy, benchmarking

Facilitate networks & links between stakeholders (e.g. airlines/airports w/ state bioenergy authorities)

Rural Bioenergy Enterprise Grants (RBEG) and Value Added Producer Grants (VAPG) 

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International Coordination

SWAFEA/Alfabird

ABRABA/SABB

Sky NRG

Aireg

Australia / AISAF

IFP Energy Nouvelle

CAAFI

Formal and informal coordination

International Events

Bilateral Cooperation Agreements

Coordination with R&D organizations

Global Exchange meeting

ICAO as forum for exchange

SENASA/ITAKA

ICAO

Federal Aviation

Administration

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Effort for alternative jet fuels is truly a global one

Many different initiatives emerging – 

	public-private partnerships, public R&D initiatives, Supply chain efforts 

FAA & CAAFI have been working to coordinate formally and informally

Inlcuding:

Support for AJF visibility at Airshows, IATA fuel forum

Govt. to govt. agreements – non-binding cooperative – umbrella for private sector activity – mutual strengthening at policy making level

Cooperation with other R&D organizations e.g. EC DG Energy; DLR etc.

We also support and participate with[UN organization] ICAO in it’s role for exchange of best practices among member States.

Alt Fuels Focus in 2015

Continue support to ASTM approval of additional fuel pathways; additional approval(s)

Continue engine tests of new fuels to support for approvals 

Improve testing methods to reduce cost and time 

ASCENT analysis projects established, results will begin to be seen in next year

Continued domestic and international engagement

CLEEN II

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Federal Aviation

Administration

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Key issues remain

Bridging valley of death

Supply-chain development

FY15 budget  limits ($3M????)

Continue support to ASTM approval of additional fuel pathways

Continue work to improve testing methods to reduce cost and time of Certification / Qualification over longer term

Continue Analysis in support of deployment:

Supply chain analysis 

Environmental and economic sustainability analyses

Emissions research to relate measured changes in emissions and fuel performance to fuel composition

Continued domestic and international engagement

CAAFI

Farm to Fly 2.0 working group

ICAO Alternative Fuels Task Force (AFTF) is advancing

CLEEN II is an active solicitation – in the process of proposal review and evaluation.

Covers four areas:

A&B - Continued capability for testing and evaluation of TBD or specific fuels

C - Development of improved methods to reduce cost and time – support to NJFCP efforts

D - Support for the ASTM process – improved time/effort/coordination and work flow.

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Summary

Alternative jet fuels are a key component of FAA strategy in meeting environmental goals

R&D efforts making progress on overcoming key challenges via testing, analysis and coordination

Multiple programs and activities:

Commercial Aviation Alternative Fuels Initiative (CAAFI)

Continuous Lower Energy, Emissions and Noise(CLEEN) Program

Aviation Sustainability Center (ASCENT)

Farm to Fly 2.0

Strong domestic and international coordination

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Federal Aviation

Administration

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Alternative jet fuels are a key component of U.S. strategy for meeting aviation environmental goals

FAA efforts are directed to overcoming key challenges via testing, analysis and coordination

Multiple programs and activities focus on different aspects of the challenge

Coordination among stakeholders

Certification/Qualification

Environmental analysis

Supply chain analysis

Improving processes

Developing domestic fuel supply

Partnerships across technical areas, and with partners with very different expertise across the supply chain are a key focus

Strong domestic and international coordination necessary for success

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Nate Brown

Alternative Jet Fuel Project Manager

Federal Aviation Administration Office of Environment and Energy

Email: nathan.brown@faa.gov

Federal Aviation

Administration

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