FAA-S-ACS-10B 

U.S. Department 

of Transportation 

Federal Aviation 

Administration 

Remote Pilot ‒ Small Unmanned Aircraft 

Systems 

Airman Certification Standards 

April 2021

Flight Standards Service 

Washington, DC 20591 
 

 

 

Acknowledgments 

The U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), Office of Safety Standards, Regulatory Support 

Division, Airman Testing Branch, P.O. Box 25082, Oklahoma City, OK 73125 developed this Airman Certification Standards (ACS) 

document with the assistance of the subject matter experts in the area related to small Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS). 

Availability 

This ACS is available for download from www.faa.gov. Please send comments regarding this document using the following link 

to the Airman Testing Branch mailbox: AFS630Comments@faa.gov. 

Material in FAA-S-ACS-10B is effective April 6, 2021.

i
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Foreword

The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) publishes the Remote Pilot – small Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) 

Airman Certification Standards (ACS) document to communicate a means to evaluate the aeronautical knowledge

standards for certification knowledge testing for a Remote Pilot Certificate with a small UAS rating.

The FAA views the ACS as the foundation of its transition to a more integrated and systematic approach to airman certification. 

The ACS is part of the Safety Management System (SMS) framework that the FAA uses to mitigate risks associated with airman 

certification training and testing. Specifically, the ACS, associated guidance, and test question components of the airman 

certification system are constructed around the four functional components of an SMS: 

⦁ Safety Policy that defines and describes aeronautical knowledge, risk management, and flight proficiency 

as integrated components of the airman certification system; 

⦁ Safety Risk Management processes through which both internal and external stakeholders identify 

changes in regulations, safety recommendations, or other factors. These changes are then evaluated to 

determine whether they require modification of airman testing and training materials; 

⦁ Safety Assurance processes to ensure the prompt and appropriate incorporation of changes arising from 

new regulations and safety recommendations; and 

⦁ Safety Promotion in the form of ongoing engagement with both external stakeholders (e.g., the aviation 

training community) and FAA policy divisions. 

Rick Domingo 

Executive Director, Flight Standards Service 

ii
 

 

 

 

Revision History 

Document Description 

FAA-S-ACS-10 Remote Pilot – Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems Airman 

Certification Standards 

Revision Date 

July 2016 

FAA-S-ACS-10A Remote Pilot – Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems (Certification 

and Recurrent Knowledge Testing) Airman Certification Standards 

June 2018 

FAA-S-ACS-10B Remote Pilot – Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems Airman 

Certification Standards 

April 2021

iii
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Major Enhancements to Version FAA-S-ACS-10B 

Section Action

Introduction Updated 

Description

“Airman Certification Standards Concept” subsection

Updated Using the ACS subsection 

References Updated Task references, as necessary 

Area of Operation I, Regulations Added Knowledge elements K6, K7, and K8 to Task A, General 

Added Knowledge elements K23, K24, K25, K26, K27, and K28 to Task B, 

Operating Rules 

Added Task E, Operations Over People 

Added Task F, Remote Identification (RID) 

Area of Operation II, Airspace Added Knowledge elements K6, K7, K8, K9, and K10 to Task B, Airspace 

Classification and Operating Operational Requirements 

Requirements 

Area of Operation V, Operations Added Knowledge element K8 to Task B, Airport Operations 

Added Knowledge elements K6 and K7 to Task C, Emergency Procedures 

Added Knowledge elements K8 and K9 to Task E, Physiology 

Added Knowledge elements K6 and K7 to Task F, Maintenance and 

Inspection Procedures 

Appendices Updated Appendix 1: Certification Knowledge Test, Eligibility, and Testing 

Centers 

Updated Appendix 3: Airman Knowledge Test Report for Certification 

Updated Appendix 4: References 

iv
 

 

Table of Contents 

Introduction 

Airman Certification Standards Concept 1 

Using the ACS 1 

I. Regulations

A. General 2 

B. Operating Rules 3 

C. Remote Pilot Certification with an sUAS Rating 5 

D. Waivers 6 

E. Operations Over People 7 

F. Remote Identification (RID) 8 

II. Airspace Classification and Operating Requirements

A. Airspace Classification 9 

B. Airspace Operational Requirements 10 

III. Weather

A. Sources of Weather 11 

B. Effects of Weather on Performance 12 

IV. Loading and Performance

A. Loading and Performance 13 

V. Operations

A. Radio Communications Procedures 14 

B. Airport Operations 15 

C. Emergency Procedures 16 

D. Aeronautical Decision-Making 17 

E. Physiology 18 

F. Maintenance and Inspection Procedures 19 

Appendices 

Table of Contents 20 

v
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Introduction 

Airman Certification Standards Concept 

The goal of the airman certification process is to ensure the applicant possesses knowledge consistent with the privileges of the 

Remote Pilot Certificate with a small Unmanned Aircraft Systems (sUAS) rating, as well as the ability to manage the risks of flight 

in order to act as a remote pilot-in-command (PIC). 

In fulfilling its responsibilities for the airman certification process, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Flight Standards 

Service (AFS) plans, develops, and maintains materials related to airman certification testing. These materials include several 

components. The FAA knowledge test measures mastery of the aeronautical knowledge areas listed in Title 14 of the Code of 

Federal Regulations (14 CFR) parts 89 and 107. Other materials, such as airman knowledge testing supplements in the FAACT-8080 series and FAA online training, provide guidance to applicants on aeronautical knowledge and risk 

management. 

The FAA recognizes that safe operations in today's complex National Airspace System (NAS) require a more systematic 

integration of aeronautical knowledge and risk management. The FAA further recognizes the need to more clearly calibrate 

knowledge and risk management to the level of the Remote Pilot Certificate with an sUAS rating. 

The ACS integrates the elements of knowledge and risk management in 14 CFR parts 89 and 107 for a Remote Pilot Certificate 

with an sUAS rating. It thus forms the comprehensive standard for what an applicant knows and considers to successfully 

complete each Task tested on the knowledge test. 

In keeping with this integrated and systematic approach, the knowledge Task elements of each Task identify what the applicant 

should know and understand for sUAS operations conducted under 14 CFR parts 89 and 107. The applicant 

demonstrates this understanding by passing the knowledge test. 

Using the ACS 

This Remote Pilot ACS includes Areas of Operation and Tasks for the issuance of a Remote Pilot Certificate with an sUAS rating in 

accordance with 14 CFR part 107, section 107.65. 

Element codes in the ACS divide into four components. For example: 

UA.I.B.K10: 

UA = ACS (Unmanned Aircraft Systems) 

I = Area of Operation (Regulations) 

B = Task (Operating Rules) 

K10 = Knowledge Element (Visual line of sight (VLOS) aircraft operations.) 

At the conclusion of a knowledge test, an applicant is given their Knowledge Test Report (KTR). The KTR lists the applicant's name, 

date of the test, the type of test, a unique test identification number, the score and ACS Codes for questions that were answered 

incorrectly. The printed ACS Codes guides the applicant to the area(s) that were found to be deficient in the test. The codes are 

found in this Airman Certification Standards document. 

The FAA encourages applicants to use this ACS as a reference while preparing for the certification airman knowledge test. The 

FAA revises this ACS as circumstances require. 

For those applicants who do not pass the knowledge test for certification, remedial instruction and an endorsement from an 

instructor is not required for retesting. See Appendix 1: Certification Knowledge Tests, Eligibility, and Testing Centers for details 

on passing the Unmanned Aircraft General – Small (UAG) certification airman knowledge test. 

1 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

I. Regulations

Task A. General 

References 14 CFR parts 89 and 107, subpart A; AC 107-2; FAA-H-8083-25; FAA-G-8082-22

Objective To determine that the applicant is knowledgeable in the general regulatory requirements of 14 CFR parts 89 

and 107. 

Knowledge The applicant demonstrates understanding of: 

UA.I.A.K1 Applicability of 14 CFR part 107 to small unmanned aircraft operations. 

UA.I.A.K2 Definitions used in 14 CFR part 107. 

UA.I.A.K3 The ramifications of falsification, reproduction, or alteration of a certificate, rating, authorization, 

record, or report. 

UA.I.A.K4 Accident reporting. 

UA.I.A.K5 Inspection, testing, and demonstration of compliance. 

UA.I.A.K6 Multiple category sUAS. 

UA.I.A.K7 Record retention. 

UA.I.A.K8 Previously manufactured sUAS. 

Risk Management [Reserved] 

Skills [Not Applicable] 

2 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

I. Regulations

Task B. Operating Rules 

References 14 CFR parts 47, 48, 89, and 107, subpart B; AC 107-2; FAA-H-8083-25; FAA-G-8082-22

Objective To determine that the applicant is knowledgeable of the operating rules of 14 CFR parts 89 and 107, the 

registration rules of 14 CFR parts 47 and 48, and other associated operating requirements. 

Knowledge The applicant demonstrates understanding of: 

UA.I.B.K1 Registration requirements for sUAS. 

UA.I.B.K2 Requirement for the sUAS to be in a condition for safe operation. 

UA.I.B.K3 Medical condition(s) that would interfere with safe operation of an sUAS. 

UA.I.B.K4 Responsibility and authority of the remote PIC. 

UA.I.B.K4a a. Allowing a person other than the remote PIC to manipulate the flight controls

UA.I.B.K5 Regulatory deviation and reporting requirements for in-flight emergencies. 

UA.I.B.K6 Hazardous operations. 

UA.I.B.K6a a. Careless or reckless

UA.I.B.K6b b. Dropping an object

UA.I.B.K7 Operating from a moving aircraft or moving land- or water-borne vehicle. 

UA.I.B.K8 Alcohol or drugs and the provisions on prohibition of use. 

UA.I.B.K9 Daylight operations. 

UA.I.B.K10 Visual line of sight (VLOS) aircraft operations. 

UA.I.B.K11 Requirements when a visual observer is used. 

UA.I.B.K12 Prohibition of operating multiple sUAS. 

UA.I.B.K13 Prohibition of carrying hazardous material. 

UA.I.B.K14 Staying safely away from other aircraft and right-of-way rules. 

UA.I.B.K14a a. See and avoid other aircraft and other potential hazard considerations of the remote PIC

UA.I.B.K15 Operations over human beings (Refer to Area of Operation I, Task E). 

UA.I.B.K16 Prior authorization required for operation in certain airspace. 

UA.I.B.K17 Operating in the vicinity of airports. 

UA.I.B.K18 Operating in prohibited or restricted areas. 

UA.I.B.K19 Flight restrictions in the proximity of certain areas designated by notice to airmen (NOTAM). 

UA.I.B.K20 Preflight familiarization, inspection, and actions for aircraft operations. 

UA.I.B.K21 Operating limitations for sUAS. 

UA.I.B.K21a a. Maximum groundspeed

UA.I.B.K21b b. Altitude limitations

UA.I.B.K21c c. Minimum visibility

UA.I.B.K21d d. Cloud clearance requirements

UA.I.B.K22 Requirements for a Remote Pilot Certificate with an sUAS rating. 

UA.I.B.K23 Automated operations. 

3 
 

 

 

 

 

UA.I.B.K24 Civil twilight operations. 

UA.I.B.K25 Night operations. 

UA.I.B.K26 Transportation of property. 

UA.I.B.K27 ATC transponder equipment prohibition. 

UA.I.B.K28 ADS-B Out prohibition. 

Risk Management [Reserved] 

Skills [Not Applicable] 

4 
 

 

 

 

 

I. Regulations

Task C. Remote Pilot Certification with an sUAS Rating 

References 14 CFR part 107, subpart C; AC 107-2; FAA-H-8083-25; FAA-G-8082-22

Objective To determine that the applicant is knowledgeable in the requirements associated with remote pilot 

certification with an sUAS rating. 

Knowledge The applicant demonstrates understanding of: 

UA.I.C.K1 Offenses involving alcohol or drugs. 

UA.I.C.K2 The consequences of refusing to submit to a drug or alcohol test or to furnish test results. 

UA.I.C.K3 The eligibility requirements for a Remote Pilot Certificate with an sUAS rating. 

UA.I.C.K4 Aeronautical knowledge recency. 

Risk Management [Reserved] 

Skills [Not Applicable] 

5 
 

 

I. Regulations

Task D. Waivers 

References 14 CFR part 107, subpart D; AC 107-2; FAA-H-8083-25; FAA-G-8082-22

Objective To determine that the applicant is knowledgeable of the FAA waiver policy and requirements. 

Knowledge The applicant demonstrates understanding of: 

UA.I.D.K1 Waiver policy and requirements. 

Risk Management [Reserved] 

Skills [Not Applicable] 

6 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

I. Regulations

Task E. Operations Over People 

References 14 CFR parts 89 and 107; AC 107-2; FAA-H-8083-25; FAA-G-8082-22

Objective To determine that the applicant is knowledgeable of the operating rules of 14 CFR parts 89 and 107, and the 

associated operating requirements when operating over people. 

Knowledge The applicant demonstrates understanding of: 

UA.I.E.K1 Remote pilot responsibilities when operating over people. 

UA.I.E.K2 Operations over people at night. 

UA.I.E.K3 Category of operations, including: 

UA.I.E.K3a a. Category 1

UA.I.E.K3b b. Category 2

UA.I.E.K3c c. Category 3

UA.I.E.K3d d. Category 4

UA.I.E.K4 Selecting an operational area. 

UA.I.E.K5 Minimum distances from a person. 

UA.I.E.K6 Operations over moving vehicles. 

UA.I.E.K7 Modifications to an sUAS. 

UA.I.E.K8 Closed and restricted access sites. 

UA.I.E.K9 Remote Pilot operating instructions. 

UA.I.E.K10 Required components and Category declaration. 

UA.I.E.K11 Optional components. 

UA.I.E.K12 Applicant produced, designed, or modified sUAS for operations over people. 

UA.I.E.K13 Declaration of Compliance (DoC). 

UA.I.E.K14 Maintenance of an sUAS that is eligible for operations over people. 

UA.I.E.K15 Means of Compliance (MoC). 

UA.I.E.K16 Impact kinetic energy. 

UA.I.E.K17 Exposed rotating parts. 

Risk Management [Reserved] 

Skills [Not Applicable] 

7 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

I. Regulations

Task F. Remote Identification (RID) 

References 14 CFR part 89; AC 107-2; FAA-H-8083-25; FAA-G-8082-22

Objective To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge associated with operating rules of 14 CFR part 89 

and their associated operating requirements. 

Knowledge The applicant demonstrates understanding of: 

UA.I.F.K1 Standard remote identification. 

UA.I.F.K2 Alternative remote identification. 

UA.I.F.K3 Operations for aeronautical research. 

UA.I.F.K4 ADS-B Out. 

UA.I.F.K5 Confirmation of identification.

UA.I.F.K6 Minimum message elements broadcast for remote identification. 

UA.I.F.K7 Product labeling. 

Risk Management [Reserved] 

Skills [Not Applicable] 

8 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

II. Airspace Classification and Operating Requirements

Task A. Airspace Classification 

References 14 CFR part 71; AC 107-2; AIM; FAA-H-8083-25; FAA-G-8082-22

Objective To determine that the applicant is knowledgeable in airspace classification. 

Knowledge The applicant demonstrates understanding of: 

UA.II.A.K1 General airspace: 

UA.II.A.K1a a. Class B controlled airspace

UA.II.A.K1b b. Class C controlled airspace

UA.II.A.K1c c. Class D controlled airspace

UA.II.A.K1d d. Class E controlled airspace

UA.II.A.K1e e. Class G uncontrolled airspace

UA.II.A.K2 Special-use airspace, such as prohibited, restricted, warning areas, military operation areas, alert 

areas, and controlled firing areas. 

UA.II.A.K3 Other airspace areas, such as Airport Advisory Services, Military Training Routes (MTRs), Temporary 

Flight Restrictions (TFRs), Parachute Jump Operations, Terminal Radar Service Areas (TRSAs), 

National Security Areas (NSA) and Visual Flight Rules (VFR) routes. 

UA.II.A.K4 Air Traffic Control (ATC) and the NAS. 

Risk Management [Reserved] 

Skills [Not Applicable] 

9 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

II. Airspace Classification and Operating Requirements

Task B. Airspace Operational Requirements 

References 14 CFR part 71; AC 107-2; AIM; FAA-H-8083-25; FAA-G-8082-22; SAFO 10015 

Objective To determine that the applicant is knowledgeable of airspace operational requirements. 

Knowledge The applicant demonstrates understanding of: 

UA.II.B.K1 Basic weather minimums. 

UA.II.B.K2 ATC authorizations and related operating limitations. 

UA.II.B.K3 Operations near airports. 

UA.II.B.K4 Potential flight hazards. 

UA.II.B.K4a a. Common aircraft accident causal factors

UA.II.B.K4b b. Avoid flight beneath unmanned balloons

UA.II.B.K4c c. Emergency airborne inspection of other aircraft

UA.II.B.K4d d. Precipitation static

UA.II.B.K4e e. Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation (laser) operations and reporting illumination

of aircraft

UA.II.B.K4f f. Avoiding flight in the vicinity of thermal plumes such as smoke stacks and cooling towers

UA.II.B.K4g g. Flying in the wire environment

UA.II.B.K5 The NOTAM system, including how to obtain an established NOTAM through Flight Service. 

UA.II.B.K6 Operator equipment for night flight. 

UA.II.B.K7 Ground structures and ground structure lighting. 

UA.II.B.K8 Hazards on the ground that do not have lighting. 

UA.II.B.K9 Manned aircraft lighting. 

UA.II.B.K10 sUAS lighting requirements. 

Risk Management [Reserved] 

Skills [Not Applicable] 

10 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

III. Weather

Task A. Sources of Weather 

References AC 107-2; AIM; FAA-H-8083-25; FAA-G-8082-22

Objective To determine that the applicant is knowledgeable in sources of weather information. 

Knowledge The applicant demonstrates understanding of: 

UA.III.A.K1 Internet weather briefing and sources of weather available for flight planning purposes. 

UA.III.A.K2 Aviation routine weather reports (METAR). 

UA.III.A.K3 Terminal aerodrome forecasts (TAF). 

UA.III.A.K4 Weather charts. 

UA.III.A.K5 Automated surface observing systems (ASOS) and automated weather observing systems (AWOS). 

Risk Management [Reserved] 

Skills [Not Applicable] 

11 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

III. Weather

Task B. Effects of Weather on Performance 

References AC 107-2; AIM; FAA-H-8083-25; FAA-G-8082-22

Objective To determine that the applicant is knowledgeable of the effects of weather on performance. 

Knowledge The applicant demonstrates understanding of: 

UA.III.B.K1 Weather factors and their effects on performance. 

UA.III.B.K1a a. Density altitude

UA.III.B.K1b b. Wind and currents

UA.III.B.K1c c. Atmospheric stability, pressure, and temperature

UA.III.B.K1d d. Air masses and fronts

UA.III.B.K1e e. Thunderstorms and microbursts

UA.III.B.K1f f. Tornadoes

UA.III.B.K1g g. Icing

UA.III.B.K1h h. Hail

UA.III.B.K1i i. Fog

UA.III.B.K1j j. Ceiling and visibility

UA.III.B.K1k k. Lightning

Risk Management [Reserved] 

Skills [Not Applicable] 

12 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

IV. Loading and Performance

Task A. Loading and Performance 

References AC 107-2; FAA-H-8083-25; FAA-G-8082-22

Objective To determine that the applicant is knowledgeable in the loading and performance of an sUAS. 

Knowledge The applicant demonstrates understanding of: 

UA.IV.A.K1 General loading and performance, including: 

UA.IV.A.K1a a. Effects of loading changes

UA.IV.A.K1b b. Balance, stability, and center of gravity

UA.IV.A.K2 Importance and use of performance data to calculate the effect on the aircraft’s performance of an

sUAS. 

Risk Management [Reserved] 

Skills [Not Applicable] 

13 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

V. Operations

Task A. Radio Communications Procedures 

References AC 107-2; AIM; FAA-H-8083-25; FAA-G-8082-22

Objective To determine that the applicant is knowledgeable in radio communication procedures. 

Knowledge The applicant demonstrates understanding of: 

UA.V.A.K1 Airport operations with and without an operating control tower. 

UA.V.A.K2 The description and use of a Common Traffic Advisory Frequency (CTAF) to monitor manned 

aircraft communications. 

UA.V.A.K3 Recommended traffic advisory procedures used by manned aircraft pilots such as self-announcing of 

position and intentions. 

UA.V.A.K4 Aeronautical advisory communication station (UNICOM) and associated communication 

procedures used by manned aircraft pilots. 

UA.V.A.K5 Automatic Terminal Information Service (ATIS). 

UA.V.A.K6 Aircraft call signs and registration numbers. 

UA.V.A.K7 The phonetic alphabet. 

UA.V.A.K8 Phraseology: altitudes, directions, speed, and time. 

Risk Management [Reserved] 

Skills [Not Applicable] 

14 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

V. Operations

Task B. Airport Operations 

References AC 107-2, 150/5200-32; AIM; FAA-H-8083-25; FAA-G-8082-22

Objective To determine that the applicant is knowledgeable in airport operations. 

Knowledge The applicant demonstrates understanding of: 

UA.V.B.K1 Types of airports such as towered, uncontrolled towered, heliport, and seaplane bases. 

UA.V.B.K2 ATC towers, such as ensuring the remote pilot can monitor and interpret ATC communications 

to improve situational awareness. 

UA.V.B.K3 Runway markings and signage. 

UA.V.B.K4 Traffic patterns used by manned aircraft pilots. 

UA.V.B.K5 Security Identification Display Areas (SIDA). 

UA.V.B.K6 Sources for airport data. 

UA.V.B.K6a a. Aeronautical charts

UA.V.B.K6b b. Chart Supplements

UA.V.B.K7 Avoiding bird and wildlife hazards and reporting collisions between aircraft and wildlife. 

UA.V.B.K8 Airport and seaplane base lighting. 

Risk Management [Reserved] 

Skills [Not Applicable] 

15 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

V. Operations

Task C. Emergency Procedures 

References AC 107-2; FAA-H-8083-25; FAA-G-8082-22; SAFOs 09013, 10017, 15010 

Objective To determine that the applicant is knowledgeable in sUAS emergency procedures. 

Knowledge The applicant demonstrates understanding of: 

UA.V.C.K1 Emergency planning and communication. 

UA.V.C.K2 Characteristics and potential hazards of lithium batteries. 

UA.V.C.K2a a. Safe transportation such as proper inspection and handling

UA.V.C.K2b b. Safe charging

UA.V.C.K2c c. Safe usage

UA.V.C.K2d d. Risks of fires involving lithium batteries

UA.V.C.K3 Loss of aircraft control link and fly-aways. 

UA.V.C.K4 Loss of Global Positioning System (GPS) signal during flight and potential consequences. 

UA.V.C.K5 Frequency spectrums and associated limitations. 

UA.V.C.K6 Procedures for operations over people. 

UA.V.C.K7 Procedures for operations at night. 

Risk Management [Reserved] 

Skills [Not Applicable] 

16 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

V. Operations

Task D. Aeronautical Decision-Making 

References AC 107-2; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-25; FAA-G-8082-22

Objective To determine that the applicant is knowledgeable in aeronautical decision-making. 

Knowledge The applicant demonstrates understanding of: 

UA.V.D.K1 Aeronautical decision-making (ADM). 

UA.V.D.K1a a. Effective team communication

UA.V.D.K1b b. Task management

UA.V.D.K2 Crew Resource Management (CRM). 

UA.V.D.K3 Situational awareness. 

UA.V.D.K4 Hazardous attitudes. 

UA.V.D.K5 Hazard identification and risk assessment. 

Risk Management [Reserved] 

Skills [Not Applicable] 

17 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

V. Operations

Task E. Physiology 

References AC 107-2; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-25; FAA-G-8082-22

Objective To determine that the applicant is knowledgeable in the physiological factors affecting remote pilot 

performance. 

Knowledge The applicant demonstrates understanding of: 

UA.V.E.K1 Physiological considerations and their effects on safety such as dehydration and heatstroke. 

UA.V.E.K2 Drug and alcohol use. 

UA.V.E.K3 Prescription and over-the-counter medication. 

UA.V.E.K4 Hyperventilation. 

UA.V.E.K5 Stress and fatigue. 

UA.V.E.K6 Factors affecting vision. 

UA.V.E.K7 Fitness for flight. 

UA.V.E.K8 Physiological aspects of night operation. 

UA.V.E.K9 Night illusions. 

Risk Management [Reserved] 

Skills [Not Applicable] 

18 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

V. Operations

Task F. Maintenance and Inspection Procedures 

References AC 107-2; FAA-H-8083-25; FAA-G-8082-22

Objective To determine that the applicant is knowledgeable in sUAS maintenance and inspection procedures. 

Knowledge The applicant demonstrates understanding of: 

UA.V.F.K1 Basic maintenance. 

UA.V.F.K2 Preflight inspection. 

UA.V.F.K3 Techniques to mitigate mechanical failures of all elements used in sUAS operations such as the battery 

and any device(s) used to operate the sUAS. 

UA.V.F.K4 Appropriate record keeping. 

UA.V.F.K5 Persons that may perform maintenance on an sUAS. 

UA.V.F.K6 Preflight inspection for night operations. 

UA.V.F.K7 Manufacturer's Declaration of Compliance for Category 2 and 3 operations. 

Risk Management [Reserved] 

Skills [Not Applicable] 

19 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Appendix Table of Contents 

Appendix 1: Certification Knowledge Test, Eligibility, and Testing Centers 

Certification Knowledge Test Description A-1 

Aviation English Language Standard A-2 

Knowledge Test Requirements A-2 

Knowledge Test Centers A-2 

Knowledge Test Registration A-2 

Appendix 2: Knowledge Test Procedures and Tips 

Acceptable Materials Table A-3 

Test Tips A-4 

Cheating or Other Unauthorized Conduct A-4 

Testing Procedures for Applicants Requesting Special Accommodations A-4 

Appendix 3: Airman Knowledge Test Report for Certification 

Applying for a Remote Pilot Certificate with an sUAS Rating A-5 

FAA Knowledge Test Question Coding A-5 

How to Obtain the Remote Pilot Certificate A-5 

Remote Pilot Certificate Paths Table A-6 

Appendix 4: References 

References A-7 

Appendix 5: Abbreviations and Acronyms 

Abbreviations and Acronyms A-8 

20
Appendix 1: Certification Knowledge Test, Eligibility, and Testing Centers 

Certification Knowledge Test Description 

The certification knowledge test is an important part of the airman certification process. Applicants who do not meet the 

requirements in 14 CFR part 107, section 107.61(d)(2) must pass the knowledge test before applying for a Remote Pilot Certificate 

with an sUAS rating. 

The certification knowledge test consists of objective, multiple-choice questions. There is a single correct response for each test 

question. Each test question is independent of other questions. A correct response to one question does not depend upon, or 

influence, the correct response to another. The knowledge test applicant has up to two hours to complete the test. 

UAS Topics Percentage of Items on Test 

I. Regulations 15-25%

II. Airspace & Requirements 15-25%

III. Weather 11-16%

IV. Loading & Performance 7-11%

V. Operations 35-45%

Total Number of Questions 60 

A-1
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Appendix 1: Certification Knowledge Test, Eligibility, and Testing Centers 

Aviation English Language Standard 

In accordance with the requirements of 14 CFR part 107, section 107.61(b) and the FAA English Language Standard for an FAA 

Certificate Issued Under 14 CFR parts 61, 63, 65, and 107 (AC 60-28, as amended), throughout the application and testing 

process, the applicant must demonstrate the ability to read, write, speak, and understand the English language. However, the 

FAA may make an exception if the person is unable to meet one of these requirements due to medical reasons, such as a hearing 

impairment. 

Knowledge Test Requirements 

To verify your eligibility to take the certification knowledge test, you must meet the following in accordance with 14 CFR part 

107, section 107.67:

⦁ In order for an applicant to take the certification knowledge test, they must be at least 14 years of age; and 

⦁ Proper identification is provided, which contains the applicant's:

- Photograph; 

- Signature; 

- Date of birth; and 

- If the permanent mailing address is a post office box number, then the applicant must provide a 

current residential address. 

To register for any Airman Knowledge Test, an applicant needs to obtain an FAA Tracking Number (FTN). Applicants create an 

account on the Integrated Airman Certification and Rating Application (IACRA) web page in order to obtain an FTN. Reference this 

video for instructions about creating an IACRA account: 

A list of acceptable documents used to provide proper identification can be found in Advisory Circular (AC) 61-65, Certification: 

Pilots and Flight and Ground Instructors (as amended). 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ETLsH8BruBM.

For the most current Airman Knowledge Testing General Requirements, refer to the FAA Knowledge Testing Applicant 

Identification, Information Verification, & Authorization Requirements Matrix: 

https://www.faa.gov/training_testing/testing/media/testing_matrix.pdf.

Achieving a score of 70% or better is required to be considered as satisfactory for passing the certification knowledge test for 

a Remote Pilot Certificate with an sUAS rating. 

Retaking the sUAS certification knowledge test after a failure involves the following: 

⦁ 14 CFR part 107, section 107.71 specifies that an applicant who fails the knowledge test may not retake 

that knowledge test for 14 calendar days from the date of the previous failure. 

⦁ An applicant retesting after failure is required to submit the applicable AKTR indicating failure to the 

airman knowledge testing center prior to retesting. 

⦁ No instructor endorsement or other form of written authorization is required to retest after failure. 

Airman Knowledge Testing Centers 

The FAA’s testing vendor, PSI Services, LLC, operates hundreds of testing centers that offer a full range of airman knowledge

tests. For information on authorized airman knowledge testing centers and to register, schedule, and pay for the knowledge 

test, visit https://faa.psiexams.com/faa/login. 

Knowledge Test Registration 

You may complete registration online, or you may use the link provided above to obtain the contact number for PSI, LLC 

customer service and register over the phone. In either case, you choose a testing center, and make financial arrangements for 

test payment. You may register for test(s) several weeks in advance, and you may cancel in accordance with the testing center’s

cancellation policy. 

A-2
 

 

 

 

Appendix 2: Knowledge Test Procedures and Tips 

Before starting the actual test, the testing center provides an opportunity to practice navigating through the test. This 

practice or tutorial session may include sample questions to familiarize the applicant with the look and feel of the software 

(e.g., selecting an answer, marking a question for later review, monitoring time remaining for the test, and other features of 

the testing software). 

The applicant may use certain aids, reference materials, and test materials, 

following criteria and does not include actual test questions or answers: 

Acceptable Materials 

Supplement book provided by 

proctor 

All models of aviation-oriented 

calculators or small electronic 

calculators that perform only 

arithmetic functions 

Calculators with simple 

programmable memories, which 

allow addition to, subtraction 

from, or retrieval of one number 

from the memory; or simple 

functions, such as square root and 

percentages 

Scales, straightedges, protractors, 

plotters, navigation computers, 

blank log sheets, holding pattern 

entry aids, and electronic or 

mechanical calculators that are 

directly related to the test 

Manufacturer’s permanently

inscribed instructions on the front 

and back of such aids, e.g., 

formulas, conversions, regulations, 

signals, weather data, holding 

pattern diagrams, frequencies, 

weight and balance formulas, and 

air traffic control procedures 

Unacceptable Materials 

Written materials that are 

handwritten, printed, or electronic 

Electronic calculators 

incorporating permanent or 

continuous type memory circuits 

without erasure capability 

Magnetic Cards, magnetic tapes, 

modules, computer chips, or any 

other device upon which 

prewritten programs or 

information related to the test can 

be stored and retrieved 

Dictionaries 

Any booklet or manual containing 

instructions related to use of test 

aids 

as long as the material conforms to the 

Notes 

Testing centers may provide 

calculators and/or deny the use of 

personal calculators. 

The proctor may prohibit the use 

of any calculator if he or she is 

unable to determine the 

calculator’s erasure capability

Applicants surrender printouts of 

data at the completion of the test 

if the calculator incorporates this 

design feature 

Before, and upon completion of 

the test, while in the presence of 

the Unit Member, actuate the 

ON/OFF switch or RESET button, 

and perform any other function 

that ensures erasure of any data 

stored in memory circuits 

The proctor makes the final 

determination regarding aids, 

reference materials, and test 

materials 

A-3
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Appendix 2: Knowledge Test Procedures and Tips 

Test Tips 

When taking a knowledge test, please keep the following points in mind: 

1. Carefully read the instructions provided with the test. 

2. Answer each question in accordance with the latest regulations and guidance publications. 

3. Read each question carefully before looking at the answer options. You should clearly understand the 

problem before trying to solve it. 

4. After formulating a response, determine which answer option corresponds with your answer. The 

answer you choose should completely solve the problem. 

5. Remember that only one answer is complete and correct. The other possible answers are either 

incomplete or erroneous. 

6. If a certain question is difficult for you, mark it for review and return to it after you have answered the 

less difficult questions. This procedure enables you to use the available time to maximum advantage. 

7. When solving a calculation problem, be sure to read all the associated notes. 

8. For questions involving use of a graph, you may request a printed copy that you can mark in computing 

your answer. This copy and all other notes and paperwork are given to the testing center upon 

completion of the test. 

Cheating or Other Unauthorized Conduct 

To avoid test compromise, computer testing centers follow security procedures described in FAA Order 8080.6 (as amended), 

Conduct of Airman Knowledge Tests. Testing centers terminate a test at any time a test unit member suspects cheating or 

unauthorized conduct as described in 14 CFR section 61.37. 

The FAA investigates and, if the agency determines that cheating or unauthorized conduct has occurred, any airman certificate or 

rating you hold may be revoked. You are also prohibited from applying for or taking any test for a certificate or rating under 14 

CFR part 107, section 107.69 for a period of one year. 

Requests for Special Accommodations 

An applicant may request approval to take an airman knowledge test with special accommodations. Reasonable 

accommodations, for testing applicants with disabilities, may be provided, in compliance with applicable law, including the 

Rehabilitation Act of 1973, and the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (additional information is available at: 

www.section508.gov). 

The applicant’s request should include:

⦁ a copy of medical documentation, including the diagnosing physician’s name and contact information,

verifying the applicant has a learning or reading disability; and 

⦁ the requested method of test administration. 

Exemptions from 14 CFR 

The following applies to requests for special accommodations if the applicant is unable to meet the eligibility requirements of 14 

CFR: 

⦁ An applicant not meeting regulatory requirements may submit a petition for exemption, from any 14 

CFR regulation, in accordance with 14 CFR part 11. 

⦁ FAA field offices do not issue exemptions. Applicants should follow the instructions regarding the 

process for filing a petition, as described in 14 CFR part 11, section 11.63, found here: 

https://www.faa.gov/regulations_policies/rulemaking/petition/. 

A-4
 

 

 

 

Appendix 3: Airman Knowledge Test Report for Certification 

Applying for a Remote Pilot Certificate with an sUAS Rating 

Immediately upon completion of the certification knowledge test, the applicant receives a printed Airman Knowledge Test Report 

(AKTR) documenting the score. The applicant should retain the original AKTR. 

When applying for a Remote Pilot Certificate with an sUAS rating, the AKTR with passing results is valid for 24 calendar 

months. 

For tests taken prior to January 13, 2020, to obtain a replacement AKTR, the applicant should include a check or money order 

payable to the FAA in the amount of $12.00 and mail the request to: 

Federal Aviation Administration 

Airmen Certification Branch, AFB-720 

P.O. Box 25082 

Oklahoma City, OK 73125 

To obtain a copy of the application form or a list of the information required, please see the Airmen Certification Branch webpage 

at https://www.faa.gov/licenses_certificates/airmen_certification/test_results_replacement/.

For tests taken on or after January 13, 2020, AKTRs may be reprinted from https://faa.psiexams.com/faa/login. 

FAA Knowledge Test Question Coding 

Each Task in the ACS includes an ACS code. ACS codes are displayed on the AKTR to indicate what Task element was proven 

deficient on the knowledge test. 

Element codes in the ACS divide into four components. For example: 

UA.I.B.K10: 

UA = ACS (Unmanned Aircraft Systems) 

I = Area of Operation (Regulations) 

B = Task (Operating Rules) 

K10 = Knowledge Element (Visual line of sight (VLOS) aircraft operations.) 

How to Obtain the Remote Pilot Certificate 

To obtain a Remote Pilot Certificate with an sUAS rating, choose one of the processes described below (from 14 CFR part 107). 

⦁ Part 61 pilot certificate holders with a current flight review may follow any process. 

⦁ If you are not a part 61 certificated pilot that has completed a flight review in the preceding 24 calendar months, 

then choose from the two columns on the left. 

Visit the References chapter in AC 107-2, Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems (sUAS) (as amended) to review more 

information about each process. 

A-5
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Appendix 3: Airman Knowledge Test Report for Certification 

AC 107-2 sUAS Part 61 Pilot Certificate Holders with a Current 

Flight Review 

Online Application After 

Knowledge Test [1] 

Submit an online application 

using Integrated Airman 

Certification and/or Rating 

Application (IACRA.) 

Receive email notification to 

print and sign a temporary 

certificate through IACRA. 

Receive a permanent 

certificate by mail. 

Notes:

Paper Application [2] 

After Knowledge Test [1] 

Complete FAA Form 8710-13 

and mail it with the original 

copy of your Knowledge Test 

Report to: 

DOT/FAA 

Airmen Certification Branch 

PO Box 25082 

Oklahoma City, OK 73125 

Do not receive a temporary 

certificate. 

Receive a permanent 

certificate by mail. 

Online Application After 

Online Course 

Submit an online application 

using IACRA. Meet with an 

FAA-authorized individual [3] 

to 

validate your: 

⦁ IACRA application ID 

number 

⦁ FAA Tracking Number 

(FTN) 

⦁ Identification 

⦁ Online course 

completion certificate 

⦁ Pilot certificate 

⦁ Flight review 

documentation 

Receive a temporary 

certificate in person (or if 

meeting with a Certificated 

Flight Instructor (CFI), 

receive email notification to 

print and sign a temporary 

certificate through IACRA). 

[4] 

Receive a permanent 

certificate by mail. 

Paper Application [2] 

After Online Course 

Complete FAA Form 

8710-13. 

Meet with an FAAauthorized individual [3] to 

validate your: 

⦁ FAA Form 8710-13 

⦁ Identification 

⦁ Online course 

completion certificate 

⦁ Pilot certificate 

⦁ Flight review 

documentation 

Receive a temporary 

certificate in person (except 

when meeting with a CFI) 

[4] 

Receive a permanent 

certificate by mail. 

[1] If you successfully complete the FAA UAG Knowledge Test, you are not required to meet with an FAA-authorized individual 

because your identity is established at an AKTC. 

[2] Paper applications delay issuance of a permanent certificate because the application is verified and processed by the FAAauthorized individual, FSDO, and Airman Registry. 

[3] An FAA-authorized individual may be a Certificated Flight Instructor (CFI), an Airman Certification Representative (ACR) for 

a pilot school, a person designated by a FSDO, or a Remote Pilot Examiner (RPE). 

[4] CFIs can assist in the processing of applications and can facilitate issuance of a temporary certificate through IACRA, but 

cannot directly issue a temporary certificate when IACRA is not used. 

A-6
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Appendix 4: References

This ACS is based on the following 14 CFR parts, FAA guidance documents, and other documents. 

Reference Title

14 CFR part 47 Aircraft Registration 

14 CFR part 48 Registration and Marking Requirements for Small Unmanned Aircraft 

14 CFR part 61 Certification: Pilots, Flight Instructors, and Ground Instructors

14 CFR part 71 Designation of Class A, B, C, D, and E Airspace Areas; Air Traffic Service Routes; 

and Reporting Points 

14 CFR part 89 Remote Identification (RID) 

14 CFR part 107 Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems (sUAS)

AC 00-6 Aviation Weather 

AC 60-28 FAA English Language Standard for an FAA Certificate Issued Under 14 CFR 

Parts 61, 63, 65, and 107 

AC 107-2 Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems (sUAS) 

AC 150/5200-32 Reporting Wildlife Aircraft Strikes 

AIM Aeronautical Information Manual 

FAA-H-8083-2 Risk Management Handbook 

FAA-H-8083-25 Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge

FAA-G-8082-22 Remote Pilot – Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems Study Guide

SAFO 09013 Fighting Fires Caused by Lithium Type Batteries in Portable Electronic Devices 

SAFO 10015 Flying in the Wire Environment 

SAFO 10017 Risks in Transporting Lithium Batteries in Cargo by Aircraft 

SAFO 15010 Carriage of Spare Lithium Batteries in Carry-on and Checked Baggage 

Note:Users should reference the current edition of the reference documents listed above. Safety Alerts for Operators 

(SAFOs) and the current edition of all FAA publications is located at www.faa.gov.

A-7
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Appendix 5: Abbreviations and Acronyms 

Abbreviation or Acronym Definition 

14 CFR Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations 

AC Advisory Circular 

ACR Airman Certification Representative 

ACS Airman Certification Standards 

ADM Aeronautical Decision-Making 

AELS Aviation English Language Standard 

AFS Flight Standards Service 

AIM Aeronautical Information Manual 

AKTC Airman Knowledge Testing Center 

AKTR Airman Knowledge Test Report 

ASOS Automated Surface Observation System 

ATC Air Traffic Control 

ATIS Automatic Terminal Information Service 

AWOS Automated Weather Observation System 

CFI Certificated Flight Instructor 

CRM Crew Resource Management 

CTAF Common Traffic Advisory Frequency 

DOT Department of Transportation 

FAA Federal Aviation Administration 

FSDO Flight Standards District Office 

FTN FAA Tracking Number 

GPS Global Positioning System 

IACRA Integrated Airman Certification and Rating Application 

METAR Aviation Routine Weather Reports (Meteorological Aerodrome Report) 

MTR Military Training Routes 

NAS National Airspace System 

NOTAM Notice to Airmen 

NSA National Security Areas 

ODA Organization Designation Authorization 

PIC Pilot-in-Command 

RPE Remote Pilot Examiner 

A-8
 

 

 

 

 

Appendix 5: Abbreviations and Acronyms 

Abbreviation or Acronym Definition 

SAFO Safety Alert for Operators 

SIDA Security Identification Display Area 

SMS Safety Management System 

sUAS Small Unmanned Aircraft System 

TAF Terminal Area Forecast 

TFR Temporary Flight Restrictions 

TRSA Terminal Radar Service Area 

UAS Unmanned Aircraft Systems 

UNICOM Aeronautical Advisory Communication Station 

VFR Visual Flight Rules 

VLOS Visual Line of Sight 

A-9