TAF-M Documentation

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A. Chapter B

B. Chapter B

Terminal Area Forecast –

Modernized Platform 

(TAF-M)

Technical Documentation Set

Section B – TAF-M Database Structure

Prepared by IT WORKS! Inc. 

for the Federal Aviation Administration

Office of Aviation Policy & Plans

March 30, 2015 

Version 1.7 
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Primary Contact 

Please direct comments, questions, or revision requests to:

Damien Agostinelli

President

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(202) 455-4781, ext. 103

Damien@itworksdc.com

Alice Dobrin

Sr. Programmer Analyst

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(202) 455-4781, ext. 107

Alice@itworksdc.com
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Table of Contents

1. INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................... B-1

2. DATABASE SCHEMATIC ................................................................................................................ B-2

3. DATABASE TABLES ..................................................................................................................... B-11

3.1 Source Tables and Files ............................................................................................................................B-11

3.3 Primary Data and Input Tables .................................................................................................................B-20

3.3.1 GIData ...............................................................................................................................................B-20

3.3.2 APO_LocationPairs...........................................................................................................................B-20

3.3.3 APO_Airports_ByForecast................................................................................................................B-21

3.3.4 APO_MarketSummary_BD_ByOrigDest .........................................................................................B-21

3.3.5 APO_Scalar.......................................................................................................................................B-22

3.3.6 vw_APO_GIOrigin ...........................................................................................................................B-22

3.3.7 APO_MarketSumm_GIData .............................................................................................................B-22

3.3.8 APO_Forecast_WeightedAvg ...........................................................................................................B-23

3.4 Lookup Tables ..........................................................................................................................................B-24

3.4.1 APO_Dates........................................................................................................................................B-24

3.4.2 APO_FIPSCodes...............................................................................................................................B-24

3.4.3 APO_Airports....................................................................................................................................B-24

3.4.4 GIDataVariables................................................................................................................................B-25

3.4.5 GI_AreaCodes...................................................................................................................................B-25

3.5 Import and Update History Tables............................................................................................................B-26

3.5.1 GI_DataSets ......................................................................................................................................B-26

3.5.2 APO_Scalar_Sets ..............................................................................................................................B-26

3.5.3 APO_Forecast_WeightedAvg_Sets ..................................................................................................B-26

3.6 Temporary Tables.....................................................................................................................................B-27

3.6.1 APO_Market_Tmp............................................................................................................................B-27

3.6.2 APO_Market_Details_Tmp...............................................................................................................B-28

3.6.3 APO_Segment_Market_tmp .............................................................................................................B-28

3.6.4 APO_Segment_Cnts_tmp .................................................................................................................B-29

3.6.5 APO_Segment_Market_tmp_1 .........................................................................................................B-29

3.6.6 APO_Segment_Market_Ratio_tmp...................................................................................................B-30

3.6.7 OAIP_DB1BCoupon_tmp.................................................................................................................B-31

3.6.8 APO_M_tmp_1 ................................................................................................................................. B-32

3.6.9 APO_T100SegmentInternal ..............................................................................................................B-33

3.6.10 APO_T100SegmentForecast_tmp...................................................................................................B-33

3.6.11 APO_T100SegmentUSCarrier_Forecast_tmp ................................................................................B-34

3.7 Forecast Tables .........................................................................................................................................B-35

3.7.1 APO_Market_Forecast......................................................................................................................B-35

3.7.2 APO_Segment_Forecast ...................................................................................................................B-35

3.7.3 APO_T100SegmentUSCarrier_Forecast...........................................................................................B-36

4. STORED PROCEDURES............................................................................................................... B-37
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1. Introduction

1.1 Background

The Terminal Area Forecast (TAF) is the official Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) forecast of 

aviation activity for U.S. airports. It is comprised of the Modernized TAF (TAF-M) and the Legacy TAF 

(TAF-L). The TAF is published by the Office of Aviation Policy and Plans.1

 

TAF-M factors in economic and demographic data to derive growth across metropolitan markets, which 

in turn helps the FAA to forecast growth in passenger traffic and airport operations. This is accomplished 

by initially forecasting origin and destination passenger flows. Currently, TAF-M provides coverage for 

over 500 airports, including 465 commercial airports located in 363 metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) 

across the United States. There are between 36,000 and 40,000 origin and destination markets, a figure 

that varies based on seasonality and economic cycles. 

Understanding the evolutionary nature of the airline network is key to making informed investment 

decisions for future development and adjustments. Refining the forecast capability regarding passenger 

flow and air traffic will have positive consequences for the future of the airline network.

2

1.2 Purpose of This Document

Developed by IT WORKS for the Federal Aviation Administration, Office of Aviation Policy and Plans, 

this document intends to provide a complete and comprehensive list of tables that are actively used in 

conducting analysis and generating forecasts under the Terminal Area Forecast – Modernized program 

(TAF-M). This document is targeted towards the programmers and analysts involved in the TAF-M 

program. 

1.3 Scope of This Document

This document clearly identifies and provides details on all primary data tables, lookup tables, system 

tables, forecast tables, and intermediate processing tables used by the TAF-M program. 

The following areas are out of scope for this document: 

 Tables, views, and stored procedures associated with exception analysis for current and prior 

forecasts.

 All tables, views, logs, and stored procedures associated with the Terminal Area Forecast – 

Legacy (TAF-L) program. 

 All database assets associated with web reports or other specific reports. 

The contents of this document may need to be revised in the future as TAF evolves and changes are made 

to the database assets.

 

1 Website – http://aspm.faa.gov/main/TAf.asp, Federal Aviation Administration, January 2015. 2 “Determinants of Network: A Preliminary Analysis of US Air Transportation” (Dipasis Bhadra and Brendan 

Hogan), Proceedings of the 5th Annual ATIO/AIAA Meeting, September 2005.
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2. Database Schematic

The database schematic below shows the database tables, views, and stored procedures that are leveraged 

to generate the Terminal Area Forecast under the TAF-M program. Also shown are the key relationships 

between tables and procedures that create and populate the tables. 

The schematic follows the general Terminal Area Forecast process from economic data input through 

generating the O&D Forecasts, Routes, and Aircraft choices. Figure 1: Legend/Key

Database Source Tables and 

Files Lookup Tables Primary Data and Input Tables Temporary Tables Forecast Tables

Import and Update 

History Tables
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4. Stored Procedures

The following stored procedures are executed in TAF-M every time a forecast is run. Table 41: Stored Procedures

Stored Procedure 

Name

Significance Input Tables Resulting 

Tables

spAPO_Recocile

Airports

Consolidates airports by

forecast

OAIP_DB1BMarket

OAIP_DB1BCoupon

OAIP_T100DSegmentUSCarrierOnly

APO_Airports_By

Forecast

spAPO_Reconcile

LocationPairs

Consolidates location

pairs

OAIP_DB1BMarket

OAIP_DB1BCoupon

OAIP_T100DSegmentUSCarrierOnly

APO_Location

Pairs 

spAPO_TAF_LineUp Updates market data

based on scalar factors

for OEP35 airports

APO_Scalar APO_Market

Summary_BD_ 

ByOrigDest

spAPO_MarketSummary

_GIData

Merges market summary

and GI data to obtain GI

variable values by origin

and destination

GIData

 APO_Market_Summary_BD_ByOrig 

Dest

Vw_APO_GIOrigin

APO_Market

Summ_GIData

spAPO_MarketForecast Calculates market

forecast based on loglog-linear specification

APO_Forecast_WeightedAvg APO_Market_

Forecast

spAPO_Segment_

Forecast

Creates temporary tables

required to calculate

segment forecast.

Calculates segment

forecast

APO_Market_Details_tmp

APO_Segment_Market_tmp

APO_Segment_Cnts_tmp

APO_Segment_Market_tmp1

APO_Segment_Market_Ratio_tmp

OAIP_DB1BCoupon_tmp

APO_M_tmp_1

APO_Segment_

Forecast

spAPO_T100Segment

USCarrierOnly

Generates T-100 and

cargo forecast

APO_T100SegmentUSCarrier_

Forecast_tmp

APO_T100Seg

mentUSCarrier_

Forecast

Figure 2: Stored Procedures Legend

Source Tables and 

Files Lookup Tables Primary Data and 

Input Tables Temporary Tables Forecast Tables
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3. Database Tables

3.1 Source Tables and Files

This section provides details and definitions of the fields in the source files used by TAF-M. Most of the 

source information is obtained in an Excel format and imported into the TAF database. 

3.1.1 Global Insight Excel File

The Global Insight economic data Excel file contains economic data FIPS Codes by year and quarter, for 

several economic indicators. For the TAF-M program, however, only the following economic indicators 

are used:

Table 1: Global Insight Forecasting Variables

Global Insight Variable (Attribute) Name Description

CYRPIC Real Personal Income (Millions 2000$, SAAR)

POP Total Resident Population (Thousands)

EE Employment, Total Nonfarm [Establishment Survey]

(Thousands, SA)

QHALL Households (Thousands)

Table 2: CYRPIC Indicator Data

Table 3: POP Indicator Data

VARNAME METABBREV FIPS 1984Q1 1984Q2 1984Q3 1984Q4 1985Q1

CYRPIC ABIL 10180 3212.576 3273.013 3334.488 3374.885 3377.871

CYRPIC AKRO 10420 14643.91 14833.44 15036.74 15143.67 15196.7

CYRPIC ALBU 10740 11130.44 11351.2 11625.98 11736.77 11964.9

CYRPIC ALEX 10780 2579.215 2624.647 2675.656 2707.722 2683.619

CYRPIC ALGA 10500 2503.858 2531.037 2567.692 2587.361 2586.923

CYRPIC ALLE 10900 15119.58 15353.76 15578.29 15720.25 15869.31

CYRPIC ALNY 10580 17810.89 18171.56 18501.31 18805.14 18862.85

CYRPIC ALTO 11020 2319.982 2355.552 2391.235 2411.653 2436.302

CYRPIC AMAR 11100 4490.946 4559.598 4626.369 4664.753 4595.059

CYRPIC AMES 11180 1446.188 1467.83 1485.32 1502.883 1520.045
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Table 4: EE Indicator Data

VARNAME METABBREV FIPS 1984Q1 1984Q2 1984Q3 1984Q4 1985Q1

POP ABIL 10180 153.4213 153.587 153.5538 153.5233 153.4954

POP AKRO 10420 652.4297 651.917 651.052 650.187 649.322

POP ALBU 10740 530.7344 533.544 536.2972 539.058 541.8266

POP ALEX 10780 154.3905 154.515 154.3835 154.2519 154.1205

POP ALGA 10500 150.159 150.313 150.4936 150.6787 150.8681

POP ALLE 10900 644.041 644.843 645.6952 646.548 647.4017

POP ALNY 10580 779.2644 779.804 780.7865 781.7693 782.7525

POP ALTO 11020 133.293 132.925 132.7568 132.5888 132.4208

POP AMAR 11100 195.6463 196.434 196.5562 196.6818 196.8108

POP AMES 11180 73.38488 73.408 73.56779 73.72805 73.88878

VARNAME METABBREV FIPS 1990Q1 1990Q2 1990Q3 1990Q4 1991Q1

EE ABIL 10180 53.83333 53.76667 53.33333 53.73333 54.3

EE AKRO 10420 281.4667 283.2333 283.9 283.3333 280.9

EE ALBU 10740 270.0333 273.3 271.7333 270.2333 270.2

EE ALEX 10780 49.56667 49.23333 49.76667 50 49.93333

EE ALGA 10500 56.5 56.5 56.3 56.16667 56.2

EE ALLE 10900 287.4333 286.5667 286.6 286.1333 284.2667

EE ALNY 10580 407.9 410.4 409.4333 406.4667 404.6

EE ALTO 11020 54.4 54.23333 53.9 54.03333 53.36667

EE AMAR 11100 81.36667 82.36667 83 83.06667 83.03333

EE AMES 11180 37.63333 37.8 38.06667 38.13333 38.3

EE ANCH 11260 116.1 118 118.7333 119.5333 119.1667
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Table 5: QHALL Indicator Data

3.1.2 BTS Data – Sybase Database

Both survey and actual data is downloaded from the Bureau of Transportation Statistics (BTS) on an 

annual basis to run the forecast. This data serves as input information for the model. Market, coupon, and 

ticket information is based on the O&D Survey and only accounts for 10% of the total. The stored 

procedures implemented as part of TAF-M extrapolate the 10% of data in order to arrive at a national 

representation. 

The tables discussed in Sections 3.1.2.1 through 3.1.2.23 below constitute the BTS data download. 

3.1.2.1 OAIP_DB1BMarket (10% Market Data)

This table provides coupon-specific information for each domestic itinerary of the O&D Survey, such as 

the operating carrier, origin and destination airports, number of passengers, fare class, coupon type, trip 

break indicator, and distance. 

3.1.2.2 OAIP_DB1BCoupon (10% Coupon)

This table provides coupon-specific information for each domestic itinerary of the O&D Survey, such as 

the operating carrier, origin and destination airports, number of passengers, fare class, coupon type, trip 

break indicator, and distance. 

3.1.2.3 OAIP_DB1BTicket (10% Ticket Data)

This table contains summary characteristics of each domestic itinerary on the O&D Survey, including the 

reporting carrier, itinerary fare, number of passengers, originating airport, roundtrip indicator, and miles 

flown. 

3.1.2.4 OAIP_T100DMarketAllCarrier

This table contains domestic market data reported by both U.S. and foreign air carriers, including carrier, 

origin, destination, and service class for enplaned passengers. It also includes freight and mail when both 

origin and destination airports are located within the boundaries of the United States and its territories. 

For a uniform end date for the combined databases, the last 3 months of U.S. carrier domestic data 

released in the T-100 Domestic Market (U.S. Carriers Only) is not included.

VARNAME METABBREV FIPS 1984Q1 1984Q2 1984Q3 1984Q4 1985Q1

QHALL ABIL 10180 54.83241 54.92748 54.93403 54.94025 54.83871

QHALL AKRO 10420 236.7439 237.3268 237.7177 238.0263 238.2952

QHALL ALBU 10740 190.7211 192.1391 193.5758 195.0314 196.3843

QHALL ALEX 10780 52.43764 52.54494 52.54815 52.54891 52.54038

QHALL ALGA 10500 50.48455 50.75111 50.96824 51.17244 51.45581

QHALL ALLE 10900 236.824 237.5855 238.3337 239.0291 239.771

QHALL ALNY 10580 287.4487 288.4862 289.6134 290.6586 291.9469

QHALL ALTO 11020 49.26631 49.2676 49.33824 49.39802 49.49073

QHALL AMAR 11100 73.65603 74.01916 74.10837 74.19722 74.23609

QHALL AMES 11180 25.26054 25.32725 25.45532 25.56584 25.75587

QHALL ANCH 11260 86.13643 87.25594 88.33643 89.38699 90.83452

QHALL ANIN 11300 48.96866 49.04321 49.14062 49.21368 49.35831
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3.1.2.5 OAIP_T100DMarketUSCarrierOnly

This table contains domestic market data reported by U.S. air carriers, including carrier, origin, 

destination, and service class for enplaned passengers. It also includes freight and mail when both origin 

and destination airports are located within the boundaries of the United States and its territories. 

3.1.2.6 OAIP_T100DSegmentAllCarrier

This table contains domestic non-stop segment data reported by both U.S. and foreign air carriers, 

including carrier, origin, destination, aircraft type, and service class for transported passengers. It also 

includes freight and mail, available capacity, scheduled departures, departures performed, aircraft hours, 

and load factor when both origin and destination airports are located within the boundaries of the United 

States and its territories. For a uniform end date for the combined databases, the last 3 months of U.S. 

carrier domestic data released in the T-100 Domestic Segment (U.S. Carriers Only) is not included.

3.1.2.7 OAIP_T100DSegmentUSCarrierOnly

This table contains domestic non-stop segment data reported by U.S. air carriers, including carrier, origin, 

destination, aircraft type, and service class for transported passengers. It also includes freight and mail, 

available capacity, scheduled departures, departures performed, aircraft hours, and load factor when both 

origin and destination airports are located within the boundaries of the United States and its territories.

3.1.2.8 OAIP_T100IMarketAllCarrier

This table contains international market data reported by both U.S. and foreign air carriers, including 

carrier, origin, and destination for enplaned passengers. It also includes freight and mail when at least one 

point of service is in the United States or one of its territories. International flight data is released 3 

months after domestic data. Flights with both origin and destination in a foreign country are not included. 

3.1.2.9 OAIP_T100IMarketUSCarrierOnly

This table contains international market data by U.S. air carriers, including carrier, origin, and destination 

for enplaned passengers. It also includes freight and mail when at least one point of service is in the 

United States or one of its territories. International flight data is released 3 months after domestic data. 

Flights with both origin and destination in a foreign country are not included. 

3.1.2.10 OAIP_T100ISegmentAllCarrier

This table contains international non-stop segment data reported by both U.S. and foreign air carriers, 

including carrier, origin, destination, aircraft type, and service class for transported passengers. It also 

includes freight and mail, available capacity, scheduled departures, departures performed, aircraft hours, 

and load factor when at least one point of service is in the United States or one of its territories. 

International flight data is released 3 months after domestic data. Flights with both origin and destination 

in a foreign country are not included. 

3.1.2.11 OAIP_T100ISegmentUSCarrierOnly

This table contains international non-stop segment data reported by U.S. carriers, including carrier, origin, 

destination, aircraft type, and service class for transported passengers. It also includes freight and mail, 

available capacity, scheduled departures, departures performed, aircraft hours, and load factor when at 

least one point of service is in the United States or one of its territories. International flight data is 

released 3 months after domestic data. Flights with both origin and destination in a foreign country are not 

included. 
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3.1.2.12 OAIP_T100MarketAllCarrier

This table combines domestic and international market data reported by U.S. and foreign air carriers, 

including carrier, origin, destination, and service class for enplaned passengers. It also includes freight

and mail. For a uniform end date for the combined databases, the last 3 months of U.S. carrier domestic 

data released in the T-100 Domestic Market (U.S. Carriers Only) is not included. Flights with both origin 

and destination in a foreign country are not included. 

3.1.2.13 OAIP_T100MarketUSCarrierOnly

This table combines domestic and international market data reported by U.S. air carriers, including origin, 

destination, and service class for enplaned passengers. It also includes freight and mail. For a uniform end 

date for the combined databases, the last 3 months of U.S. carrier domestic data released in the T-100 

Domestic Market (U.S. Carriers Only) is not included. Flights with both origin and destination in a 

foreign country are not included. 

3.1.2.14 OAIP_T100SegmentAllCarrier

This table combines domestic and international T-100 segment data reported by U.S. and foreign air 

carriers, including non-stop segment data by aircraft type and service class for transported passengers. It 

also includes freight and mail, available capacity, scheduled departures, departures performed, aircraft 

hours, and load factor. For a uniform end date for the combined databases, the last 3 months of U.S. 

carrier domestic data released in the T-100 Domestic Segment (U.S. Carriers Only) is not included. 

Flights with both origin and destination in a foreign country are not included. 

3.1.2.15 OAIP_T100SegmentUSCarrierOnly

This table combines domestic and international T-100 segment data reported by U.S. air carriers, 

including non-stop segment data by aircraft type and service class for transported passengers. It also 

includes freight and mail, available capacity, scheduled departures, departures performed, aircraft hours, 

and load factor. For a uniform end date for the combined databases, the last 3 months of U.S. carrier 

domestic data released in the T-100 Domestic Segment (U.S. Carriers Only) is not included. Flights with 

both origin and destination in a foreign country are not included. 

3.1.2.16 OAIP_ScheduleT1_Summary

This table summarizes the T-100 traffic data reported by U.S. air carriers. The monthly summary is 

compiled by carrier entities (geographical regions in which a carrier operates) and service classes, and 

includes available seat miles (ASMs), available ton miles (ATMs), revenue passengers enplaned (PAX), 

revenue passenger miles (RPMs), revenue ton miles (RTMs), revenue air hours (RAHs), revenue miles 

flown (MILES), and revenue departures performed (FLIGHTS). The T1 summary includes reported 

international flights and military service that may not be available in the T-100 segment and T-100 market 

data tables released in TranStats.

3.1.2.17 OAIP_ScheduleT2_Summary

This table summarizes the T-100 traffic data reported by U.S. air carriers. The quarterly summary is 

compiled by aircraft types and configurations, carrier entities (geographical regions in which a carrier 

operates), and service classes, and includes available seat miles (ASMs), available ton miles (ATMs), 

revenue passenger miles (RPMs), revenue ton miles (RTMs), revenue air hours (RAHs), revenue miles 

flown (MILES), revenue departures performed (FLIGHTS), and aircraft fuels issued in gallons. The T2 

summary includes reported international flights and military service that may not be available in the T100 segment and T-100 market data tables released in TranStats. The T2 released after July 13, 2006 

contains all service class summary data.
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3.1.2.18 OAIP_F41_ScheduleB1

This table contains quarterly operating balance sheet statements for large certificated U.S. air carriers with 

annual operating revenues of $20 million or more. The balance sheet includes items like cash, short-term 

investments, accounts receivable, long-term debt, accounts payable, and salaries and wages. Numbers in 

B1 now follow the format of common public financial documents, such as reports filed with the Securities 

and Exchange Commission (SEC) or company financial statements. This format reverses signs from the 

accounting format prior to October 18, 2006. 

3.1.2.19 OAIR_F41ScheduleP12A

This table contains monthly reported fuel costs and gallons of fuel consumed organized by air carrier and 

category of fuel use, including scheduled and non-scheduled service for domestic and international traffic 

regions. Data since 2000 is available for major national and regional air carriers subject to reporting 

requirements.

3.1.2.20 OAIR_AircraftTypes

This table identifies the different types of aircraft reported to the DOT, organized by DOT-assigned 

aircraft type codes. The information includes the DOT-assigned aircraft code, aircraft manufacturer, and 

aircraft model name. 

3.1.2.21 OAIR_Cardecode

This table provides a list of domestic and foreign air carrier codes, organized by T-100 and OAG 

designations, charter carrier codes, carrier descriptions, entity codes, service region, and beginning and 

ending dates of service.

3.1.2.22 OAIR_MasterCoordinate

This table contains a list of domestic and foreign airport codes and their associated city codes, world area 

codes, city or airport names, state or country names, and latitude and longitude coordinates. 

3.1.2.23 OAIP_APTDist

This table contains on-time arrival data for non-stop domestic flights by major air carriers, and provides 

additional items such as departure and arrival delays, origin and destination airports, flight numbers, 

scheduled and actual departure and arrival times, cancelled or diverted flights, taxi-out and taxi-in times, 

air time, and non-stop flight distance.

3.1.3 Data Base Products (DBP)

Data Base Products provides passenger counts by locations (LOC IDs), year, and quarter. This data was 

primarily used in running forecasts under TAF-L. Going forward, however, BTS will function as the 

primary data source. A scalar factor (adjustment factor) was used to align BTS data to the DBP data for 

the prior two years of OEP 35 forecasts (2013 and 2014). The scalar factor will be required as long as 

there is a need to align BTS data to DBP data. 

Section 3.2 below provides a sample calculation of the scalar factor based on BTS and DBP data. 

Table 6 below illustrates passenger data for the Hartsfield Jackson Atlanta International Airport (ATL) as 

obtained from a DBP download. Data is downloaded and converted into .xls format by Dipasis Bhadra 

prior to using it to run forecasts. 
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Table 6: ATL Passenger Data

3.1.4 Scalar Data Excel File

The Scalar Data Excel file contains adjustments by LOC ID for OEP35 airports by year and quarter. This 

file is provided by APO annually and the data from this file is used to make adjustments to the BTS O&D 

market data. The scalar calculations are illustrated in Section 3.2 below. 

Table 7 below is an excerpt from the Scalar Data Excel file.

Table 7: Scalar Data Excel File Excerpt

DBP

LOC_ID Year-Qtr Passengers

ATL 2007-Q1 299842.00

ATL 2007-Q2 357462.00

ATL 2007-Q3 340445.00

ATL 2007-Q4 334921.00

ATL 2008-Q1 304764.00

ATL 2008-Q2 341413.00

ATL 2008-Q3 319717.00

ATL 2008-Q4 310523.00

Year Qtr LOCID GrowthRate

2010 1 ATL 0.014484435

2010 2 ATL -0.005773104

2010 3 ATL 0.001716529

2010 4 ATL -0.015720838

2011 1 ATL 0.006576267

2011 2 ATL -0.00678355

2011 3 ATL 0.000764991

2011 4 ATL -0.010787281

2012 1 ATL 0

2012 2 ATL -0.003819331

2012 3 ATL 0.005650112

2012 4 ATL -0.013737248

2013 1 ATL 0

2013 2 ATL -0.003819331

2013 3 ATL 0.005650112

2010 1 BOS -0.017020326

2010 2 BOS -0.021854223
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3.1.5 Weighted Averages Excel File 

The Weighted Averages Excel file contains fare, distance, and income elasticity factors for origin and 

destination bucketed by passenger volume. These factors are entered in the log-log-linear specification 

used to obtain the APO Market Forecast. 

Table 8 below is an excerpt from the Weighted Averages Excel file. 

Table 8: Weighted Averages Excel File Excerpt

Quarter SumPaxStart SumPaxEnd Intercept FareElasticity RouteFreqElasticity DistanceElasticity OriginIncomeElasticity DestIncomeElasticity

1 0 500 NULL -0.160808583 1.571025455 -0.53409239 0.235121714 0.238582643

1 501 999999999 NULL -1.105044295 0.570903059 -0.394070255 0.338398214 0.3364585

2 0 500 NULL -0.128441286 1.452652499 -0.589328241 0.260553808 0.264792462

2 501 999999999 NULL -1.266881556 0.528978241 -0.382966648 0.389061923 0.382148923

3 0 500 NULL -0.163348225 1.458993755 -0.583395772 0.258910808 0.261617346

3 501 999999999 NULL -1.101510775 0.518757589 -0.409156166 0.3751465 0.370390385

4 0 500 NULL -0.151750393 1.459647926 -0.59211903 0.266650077 0.272289692

4 501 999999999 NULL -1.307467575 0.533772183 -0.380132522 0.384333231 0.378779462
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3.2 Scalar Factor Calculation Example

Inputs: 

Table 9: BTS Data

Table 10: DBP Data

Calculations and Operations: 

Step 1: Determine DBP ratio for each year-quarter: 

DBP Passengers / BTS Passengers – 1 

Example: ATL Q1 2007: (299,842/295,010) – 1 = 1.64% 

Step 2: Use the calculated scalar factor in the stored procedure ‘spAPO_TAFLineUp’

MarkeForecast Original

Year Quarter LOC ID Passengers

2007 1 ATL 295010

2007 2 ATL 353400

2007 3 ATL 332442

2007 4 ATL 335141

DBP

LOC ID Year-Qtr Passengers

ATL 2007-Q1 299842.00

ATL 2007-Q2 357462.00

ATL 2007-Q3 340445.00

ATL 2007-Q4 334921.00
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3.3 Primary Data and Input Tables 

This section provides details and definitions of the fields in the primary data tables used by TAF-M 

models. 

3.3.1 GIData

This table contains economic data provided by Global Insight. 

Table 11: GIData

Name Type Description

SetID*/** Integer Primary key – Foreign key to

GIData_Sets

DateId*/** Integer Primary key – Foreign key to

APO_Dates

VariableID*/** Integer Primary key – Foreign key to

GIDataVariables

AreaCodeID*/** Integer Primary key – Foreign key to

GIAreaCodes

FIPSCodeID*/** Integer Primary key – Foreign key to

APO_FIPSCodes

Value Numeric (18,4) Value

ForecastID Integer Forecast ID

3.3.2 APO_LocationPairs

This is a lookup/input table for origin and destination LOC ID. This table is populated using the BTS data 

tables (OAIP_DB1BMarket, OAIP_DB1BCoupon, and OAIP_T100DSegmentUSCarrierOnly) by 

executing a stored procedure named ‘spAPOReconcileLocationPairs’. 

Table 12: APO_LocationPairs

Name Type Description

ID* Integer Primary key - Auto number

OriginID** Integer Foreign key – ID from 

APO_Airports

DestID** Integer Foreign key – ID from 

APO_Airports

Distance Integer Distance between origin and

destination
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3.3.3 APO_Airports_ByForecast

This table contains new and unused LOC IDS for a particular forecast. 

Table 13: APO_Airports_ByForecast

APO Airport By Type Description

Forecastid Integer Forecast ID

Tablename Varchar(20) OAIP table name to keep track of the

source airport

Locid Varchar(3) LOC ID

New Small integer ‘0’ = not used airport

‘1’ = new airport

3.3.4 APO_MarketSummary_BD_ByOrigDest

This table contains summary data created from the OAIP_DB1BMarket. 

Table 14: APO_MarketSummary_BD_ByOrigDest

Name Type Description

DateID*/** Integer Primary key – Foreign key to

APO_Dates

LocationPairID*/** Integer Primary key – Foreign key to 

APO_LocationPairs

SumPassengers Integer Number of passengers for O&D

ItnMiles Float O&D miles

NoOfRoutes Integer Number of routes between O&D

Revenue Float Revenue 

YieldPerCPM Float (O&D Revenue/(pax*miles))*100

AvgMktFare Float Average market fare

CoupMilesIn000 Float Coupon miles in thousands

PaxPerDay Float Passengers per day

AvgCoup Float Average coupon

ZeroFarePax Float Sum of passengers where 

mktFare<50

SumMktDistance Integer Total market distance

AvgMktDistance Float Average market distance

TotalMiles Float Pax* Distance

SumMilesFlown Float Total miles flown

CouponRevenue Float Coupon revenue

AvgYield Float mktFare/mktMilesFlown
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3.3.5 APO_Scalar

This table contains ratios used to bridge the gap between Data Base Products and BTS data for the OEP 

35 airports. This table is updated with every forecast run.

Table 15: APO_Scalar

Name Type Description

SetID*/** Integer Primary key – Foreign key to

APO_Scalar_Sets

DateID*/** Integer Primary key – Foreign key to

APO_Dates

 AirportID*/** Integer Primary key – Foreign key to

APO_Airport

GrowthRate Float Growth rate

ForecastID Integer Forecast ID

3.3.6 vw_APO_GIOrigin

This table is used to associate Global Insight economic data with APO_Airports LOC IDs.

Table 16: vw_APO_GIOrigin

Name Type Description

Dateid Integer Date ID – source APO_Dates

Airportid Integer Airport ID – source APO_Airports

Variableid Integer Variable ID – source 

GIDataVariables

Value Numeric(38,4) Economic data value

3.3.7 APO_MarketSumm_GIData

This table is used to associate Global Insight economic data with APO_LocationPairs. 

Table 17: APO_MarketSumm_GIData

Name Type Description

DateID*/** Integer Primary key – Foreign key to

APO_Dates

LocationPairID*/** Integer Primary key – Foreign key

APO_LocationPairs

 VariableID*/** Integer Primary key – Foreign key to

GIDataVariables

OriginValue Float Origin value from Global Insight 

data

DestValue Float Destination value from Global 

Insight 

data
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3.3.8 APO_Forecast_WeightedAvg

This table contains coefficients for the log-log-linear specification.

Table 18: APO_Forecast_WeightedAvg

Name Type Description

SetID*/** Integer Primary key – Foreign key to

APO_Forecast_WeightedAvg_Sets

Quarter* Integer Primary key – quarter

SumPaxStart* Integer Lower limit for market size

SumPaxEnd Integer Upper limit for market size

Intercept Float Intercept

FareElasticity Float Fare elasticity

RouteFreqElasticity Float Route frequency elasticity

DistanceElasticity Float Distance elasticity

OriginIncomeElasticity Float Origin income elasticity

DestIncomeElasticity Float Destination income elasticity

ForecastID Integer Forecast ID
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3.4 Lookup Tables

3.4.1 APO_Dates

This is a dynamic table that contains historical and forecast dates from 1984 through the dates provided 

by Global Insight data. Every Global Insight load adds another year (end date) to this table.

Table 19: APO_Dates

Name Type Description

ID* Integer Primary key (auto number)

Year Integer Year

Qtr Integer Quarter

NoDays Integer Number of days in quarter

FiscalYear Integer Fiscal year

3.4.2 APO_FIPSCodes

This is a lookup table for FIPS codes provided by Global Insight. The table is updated with every forecast 

run. 

Table 20: APO_FIPSCodes

Name Type Description

ID* Integer Primary key

Code Varchar(6) FIPS Codes

Imported From Char(3) Imported from

3.4.3 APO_Airports

This is the airports master table and contains all NPIAS and T-100 airports. 

Table 21: APO_Airports

Name Type Description

ID* Integer Primary key

LOCID Character (3) FAA LOCID

REGION Varchar (4) Region 

APORT_NAME Varchar(100) Airport name

CITY Varchar(100) Airport city

STATE Varchar(2) State

Longitude Numeric (16,6) Longitude

Latitude Numeric (16,6) Latitude

FIPSCodeID** Integer Foreign key (FIPSCode from Global

Insight)

FACILITY_TYPE Integer Facility type – indicator from 
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Name Type Description

OPSNET

FACILITY_LEVEL Integer Facility level – indicator from 

OPSNET

OEP35 Small Integer Indicator if the OEP35 classification

FIPSCodeID_Orig Integer Origin FIPS Code ID

DisplayOrder Integer Field used for web reports

Corridor Varchar(30) Corridor

CountryID Integer Country

WAC Integer World Area Code Group

TAFL_Locid Varchar(10) TAF LOC ID equivalent

3.4.4 GIDataVariables

This is a lookup table for Global Insight economic variables. 

Table 22: GIDataVariables

Name Type Description

ID* Integer Primary key

Name nChar(10) Economic attribute name

Description Varchar(50) Attribute description

3.4.5 GI_AreaCodes

This is a lookup table for area codes from Global Insight. The table is updated with every forecast run. 

Table 23: GI_AreaCodes

Name Type Description

ID* Integer Primary key

Value Varchar(5) Area codes
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3.5 Import and Update History Tables

3.5.1 GI_DataSets

This table contains historical information on GI Data file imports. 

Table 24: GI_DataSets

Name Type Description

ID* Integer Primary key

ImportDate DateTime GI data file import date

Description Varchar(256) Description of the imported file

FileName Varchar(256) GI data file name

FilePath Varchar(512) GI data file path

3.5.2 APO_Scalar_Sets

This table contains historical information on Scalar data file imports. The scalar data file is an Excel file 

provided by Dipasis Bhadra for each forecast run. 

Table 25: APO_Scalar_Sets

Name Type Description

ID* Integer Primary key

ImportDate DateTime Scalar data file import date

Description Varchar(256) Description of the imported file

FileName Varchar(256) Scalar data file name

FilePath Varchar(512) Scalar data file path

3.5.3 APO_Forecast_WeightedAvg_Sets

This table contains historical information on the Weighted Average file imports. The Weighted Average 

file is provided by Dipasis Bhadra based on the econometric modeling for each forecast run. 

Table 26: APO_Forecast_WeightedAvg_Sets

Name Type Description

ID* Integer Primary key

ImportDate DateTime Scalar data file import date

Description Varchar(256) Description of the imported file

FileName Varchar(256) Scalar data file name

FilePath Varchar(512) Scalar data file path
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3.6 Temporary Tables

The tables listed in this section are temporary and intermediate tables created to facilitate summarizing 

data and calculating the forecast. All the tables listed are created and then dropped when the stored 

procedure execution is complete. 

3.6.1 APO_Market_Tmp

This table is produced as a result of merging data from APO_Dates, APO_Airports, GIDataVariables, 

APO_LocationPairs tables, and vw_APO_GIOrigin view. A single record is created per year, quarter, 

origin, and destination. 

Table 27: APO_Market_Tmp

Name Type Description

Year Integer Year

Qtr Integer Quarter

Origin Varchar(4) Origin

Dest Varchar(4) Destination

Dateid* Integer Primary key component

Locationpairid* Integer Primary key component

Variableid* Integer Primary key component

Name Varchar(10) Global Insight variable name

Origin_val Numeric(18,3) Global Insight origin value

Dest_val Numeric(18,3) Global Insight destination value

Distance Integer Distance between O&D

ItnMiles Numeric(18,3) Itenarary miles between O&D

YieldPerCPM Numeric(18,3) (O&D Revenue/(pax*miles))*100

AvgCOUP Numeric(18,3) Average coupon O&D

AvgMktFare Numeric(18,3) Average market fare O&D

NoOfRoutes Integer Number of routes between O&D

SumPassengers Integer Historical and forecast passenger

count
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3.6.2 APO_Market_Details_Tmp

This table is a result of merging data from APO_Dates, APO_Airports, APO_LocationPairs, and 

APO_Market_Forecast tables. A single record per year, quarter, origin, and destination is created. 

Table 28: APO_Market_Details_Tmp

Name Type Description

Year Integer Year

Qtr Integer Quarter

Origin Varchar(4) Origin

Dest Varchar(4) Destination

sumODPax Integer Sum of historical and forecast

passengers between O&D

3.6.3 APO_Segment_Market_tmp

This table is a result of merging data from APO_Dates, APO_Airports, APO_LocationPairs, and 

APO_Market_Forecast tables. A single record is created by Airport Group for coupon information. 

Table 29: OAIP_DB1BCoupon. 

Name Type Description

Itnid Big integer Itinerary ID

MktId Big integer Market ID

Year Integer Year

Qtr Integer Quarter

SeqNum Integer Sequence number – obtained from

BTS

Origin Varchar(4) Origin

Dest Varchar(4) Destination

Segment_origin Varchar(4) Segment origin

Segment_dest Varchar(4) Segment destination

AirportGroup Varchar(100) Airport group

SegmentPax Integer Number of segment passengers

SumCouponPax Integer Number of coupon passengers
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3.6.4 APO_Segment_Cnts_tmp

This table contains Segment Market data summarized at a market and itinerary ID level.

Table 30: OAIP_DB1BCoupon.

Name Type Description

ItinID Big integer Itinerary ID

MktId Big integer Market ID

mktCoupons Integer Coupons

3.6.5 APO_Segment_Market_tmp_1

This table contains additional market coupon count by itinerary and market ID. 

Table 31: OAIP_DB1BCoupon_tmp, APO_M_tmp_1

Name Type Description

ItinID Big integer Itinerary ID

MktId Big integer Market ID

Year Integer Year

Quarter Integer Quarter

seqNum Integer Sequence number – obtained from

BTS

Origin Varchar(4) Origin

Dest Varchar(4) Destination

Segment_origin Varchar(4) Segment origin

Segment_dest Varchar(4) Segment destination

airportGroup Varchar(100) Airport group

segmentPax Integer Number of segment passengers

sumCouponPax Integer Number of coupon passengers

mktCoupons Integer Number market coupons
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3.6.6 APO_Segment_Market_Ratio_tmp

This table contains market ratio information, obtained by dividing coupon Pax by O&D Pax. 

Table 32: APO_Segment_Market_tmp_1, APO_Market_Details_tmp

Name Type Description

ItinID Big integer Itinerary ID

MktId Big integer Market ID

Year Integer Year

Quarter Integer Quarter

seqNum Integer Sequence number – obtained from

BTS

Origin Varchar(4) Origin

Dest Varchar(4) Destination

Segment_origin Varchar(4) Segment origin

Segment_dest Varchar(4) Segment destination

airportGroup Varchar(100) Airport group

segmentPax Integer Number of segment passengers

sumCouponPax Integer Number of coupon passengers

sumODPax Integer Number of O&D passengers

mktCoupons Integer Number market coupons

ratio Numeric(11,6) Coupon Pax / O&D Pax
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3.6.7 OAIP_DB1BCoupon_tmp

This table contains a single record by itinerary, market, sequence number, year, quarter, origin, and 

destination from OAIP_DB1BCoupon. 

Table 33: OAIP_DB1BCoupon

Name Type Description

ItinID Big integer Itinerary ID

MktId Big integer Market ID

SeqNum Integer Sequence number

Coupons Tiny integer Coupons

Year Small integer Year

Quarter Tiny integer Quarter

Origin Varchar(4) Origin

OriginAptInd Integer Origin airport indicator

OriginCityNum Integer Origin city number

OriginCountry Varchar(2) Origin country

OriginStateFips Varchar(2) Origin state FIPS code

OriginState Varchar(2) Origin state

OriginStateName Varchar(50) Origin state name

OriginWac Small integer Origin world area code group

Dest Varchar(4) Destination

DestAptInd Integer Destination airport indicator

DestCityNum Integer Destination city number

DestCountry Varchar(2) Destination country

DestStateFips Varchar(2) Destination state FIPS code

DestState Varchar(2) Destination state

DestStateName Varchar(50) Destination state name

DestWac Small integer Destination world area code group

Break_ Varchar(1) Trip break code

CouponType Varchar(1) Coupon type

TkCarrier Varchar(3) Ticketing carrier

OpCarrier Varchar(3) Operating carrier

RPCarrier Varchar(3) Reporting carrier

Passengers Numeric(12,2) Number passengers

FareClass Varchar(1) Fare class

Distance Numeric(12,2) Distance

DistanceGroup Small integer Distance group
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Name Type Description

Gateway Tiny integer Gateway indicator

ItinGeoType Tiny integer Itinerary geography type

CouponGeoType Tiny integer Coupon geography type

3.6.8 APO_M_tmp_1

Coupon (OAIP_DB1BCoupon) and Market (OAIP_DB1BMarket) data is merged by itinerary and airport 

group in this table. 

Table 34: OAIP_DB1BCoupon and OAIP_DB1BMarket

Name Type Description

Year Integer Year

Quarter Integer Quarter

Origin Varchar(4) Origin

Dest Varchar(4) Destination

airportGroup Varchar(100) Airport group

sumCouponPax Integer Total coupon passengers
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3.6.9 APO_T100SegmentInternal

A single T-100 record is created using AEE Aircraft Class Assignment.

Table 35: OAIP_T100DSegmentUSCarrierOnly

Name Type Description

ForecastID Integer Forecast ID

Year Integer Year

Quarter Integer Quarter

Origin Varchar(3) Origin

Dest Varchar(3) Destination

AircraftType Varchar(3) Aircraft type

DepPerformed Integer Performed departure

Seats Integer Total seats

sumPassengers Integer Total passengers

RampTime Decimal(12,2) Ram time

airtime Decimal(8,2) Air time

avgSeatsPerDeps Decimal(12,2) Average seats per departure

avgLoadFactor Decimal(12,2) Average load factor

aeeSeatClass Integer AEE seat class

sumODSeats Integer Total O&D seats

sumT100PaxByOD Integer Total T-100 passengers by O&D

3.6.10 APO_T100SegmentForecast_tmp

Coupon data is summarized by year, quarter, origin, and destination in this table.

Table 36: APO_Segment_Forecast

Name Type Description

Year Integer Year

Qtr Integer Quarter

Segment_origin Varchar(4) Segment origin

Segment_dest Varchar(4) Segment destination

SegmentPax Integer Segment passenger
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3.6.11 APO_T100SegmentUSCarrier_Forecast_tmp

This table contains both historical and forecast T100 data. Most calculations are run againast the data in 

this table. 

Table 37: APO_SegmentForecast_tmp, APO_T100SegmentInternal_tmp

Name Type Description

Year Integer Year

Quarter Integer Quarter

Origin Varchar(3) Origin

Dest Varchar(3) Destination

AircraftType Varchar(3) Aircraft type

DepPerformed Numeric(13,3) Performed departure

Seats Numeric(13,3) Total seats

sumPassengers Numeric(13,3) Total passengers

RampTime Numeric(13,3) Ramp time

airtime Numeric(13,3) Air time

avgSeatsPerDeps Numeric(13,3) Average seats per departure

avgLoadFactor Numeric(13,3) Average load factor

aeeSeatClass Numeric(13,3) AEE seat class

sumODSeats Numeric(13,3) Total O&D seats

sumT100PaxByOD Numeric(13,3) Total T100 passengers by O&D

seatsRatio Numeric(13,3)

segmentPax Numeric(13,3) Total segment passengers

scalarFactor Numeric(13,3) Scalar factor

scaledSegmentPax Numeric(13,3) Scaled segment passengers

avgLoadFactor_totalT1

00PaxSeats 

Numeric(13,3) Average load factor T100

extraPax Numeric(13,3) Extra passengers

extraSeats Numeric(13,3) Extra seats
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3.7 Forecast Tables

3.7.1 APO_Market_Forecast

This table contains historical O&D summary data and O&D forecast data. The actual and forecasted 

values of historical passenger count are used for the O&D forecast. 

Table 38: APO_Market_Forecast

Name Type Description

ForecastID* Integer Primary key component

DateID* Integer Primary key component

LocationPairID* Integer Primary key component

SumPassengers Integer Historical and forecast passenger

count

ItnMiles Float Miles between origin and destination

NoOfRoutes Integer Number of routes between origin and

destination

YieldPerCPM Float (O&D Revenue/(pax*miles))*100

AvgCOUP Float Average coupon O&D

AvgMktFare Float Average market fare O&D

FicalYear Integer Fiscal year

3.7.2 APO_Segment_Forecast

This table contains historical and forecast data for route choice. 

Table 39: APO_Segment_Forecast

Name Type Description

Forecastid Integer Forecast ID

Year Integer Year

Qtr Integer Quarter

Origin Varchar(4) Origin

Dest Varchar(4) Destination

Segment_origin Varchar(4) Segment Origin

Segment_dest Varchar(4) Segment Destination

airportGroup Varchar(100) Airport Group

segmentPax Integer Number segment passengers

sumCouponPax Integer Number coupon passengers

sumODPax Integer Sum of passenger by O&D

Ratio Numeric(11,6) Coupon passengers / O&D

passengers
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3.7.3 APO_T100SegmentUSCarrier_Forecast

This table contains historical and forecast data for aircraft choice. 

Table 40: APO_T100SegmentUSCarrier_Forecast

Name Type Description

ForecastID* Integer Forecast ID

Year Integer Year

Quarter Integer Quarter

Origin Varchar (3) Origin

Dest Varchar (3) Destination

AircraftType Varchar (3) Aircraft type

DepPerformed Numeric (13,3) Departure performed

Seats Numeric (13,3) Number of seats

forecastT100Pax Numeric (13,3) Number of passengers (historical or

forecast – based on the year)

RampTime Numeric (13,3) Aircraft ramp time

airtime Numeric (13,3) Aircraft air time

avgSeatsPerDep Numeric (13,3) Average seats per departure

performed

avgLoadFactor Numeric (13,3) Average load factor

aeeSeatClass Numeric (13,3) AEE seat classification

sumODSeats Numeric (13,3) Total O&D seats

seatsRatio Numeric (13,3) Seats / O&D seats

segmentPax Numeric (13,3) Segment passengers

sumODDeps Numeric (13,3) Total O&D departures

scaledSegmentPax Numeric (13,3) Scaled segment passengers