### F I LE D U. S . COURT OF AP PE ALS E LEVE NTH CI RCUI T Au gus t 30, 2005 T HOM AS K. KAHN C L E RK [ DO NO T P UB L I S H] I N THE UN I TE D STATE S C OU RT OF APPE ALS F O R T H E E L E V E N T H C IR C U IT

________________________ N o. 05- 10379 N on -A rgum entC al endar

________________________ D . C . D o ck etN o . 0 1 -0 6 0 2 5 -C R -W JZ U N I T E D S T A T E S O F A M E R I C A , P la in tif f - A p p e lle e , v ersu s N E E S H A N P E T E R S , D e f e n d a n t- A p p e lla n t.

________________________ A pp ea l fr om the U ni t ed S t at es D i stri ctC ou rt f orthe S outhe rn D i s tr i c tof F l or i da

_________________________ ( A u gu s t 30, 2005) B efo re T JO F L A T , D U B IN A an d B L A C K , C i rcu i tJu d g es. P E R C U R I A M:2

N e e s ha n P e t e r s appe a l s hi s s e nt e nc e of 24 m onths ’ i m pr i s onm e nta nd 12 m on ths’ supervi se d rel ea se , i m po se d aft erhe vi ol at ed the t erm s of hi s s up ervi se d r e l e a s e . W e va c a t e a nd r e m a nd f orr e s e nt e nc i ng. P et er s a rgues the se nt ence vi ol at es the ex p o s t fa c to c l a u s e o f th e U . S. C ons t i tut i on. H e m a i nt a i ns the di s tr i c tc our tw a s r e qui r e d t o appl y the ve r s i on of 18 U . S . C . § 3 58 3(h) i n eff ec tatthe t i m e of hi s und er l yi ng cr i m i nal cond uct , w hi ch p e r m itte d a s e n te n c in g c o u r t to im p o s e a n e w te r m o f s u p e r v is e d r e le a s e d o n ly w he n the t e r m of

i m pr i s onm e nti m pos e d w a s l e s s tha n the a uthor i z e d m a xi m um te r m o f im p r is o n m e n t. B ec ause P et er s obj ec t s t o the di stri ctcourt ’ s app l i ca t i on of the am ended v e r s io n o f

§ 3 5 8 3 f o rth e f ir s t tim e o n ap p e a l, w e ap p ly p la in - e rr o rr e v ie w . See U ni t e d Stat e s v . G r e s ham , 325 F . 3d 1262, 1265 ( 11th C i r . 2003) . T o s a t i s f y the pl a i n- e rr ors t a nda r d, w e m us tf i nd ( 1) the di s tr i c tc our tc om m i tt e d “ e rr or , ” ( 2) the e rr orw a s pl a i n orobvi ous , a nd ( 3) the e rr or“ a f f e c t e d s ubs t a nt i a l r i ght s ” i n tha tthe e rr o rw a s p r e

ju d ic ia l a n d n o t h a r m le s s . U ni t e d Stat e s v . O lano , 113 S . C t . 1770, 1777–78 ( 1993) . I f

the s e c r i t e r i a a r e m e t , w e m a y , i n ourdi s c r e t i on, c orr e c tthe pl a i n e rr ori f

i t“ ‘ s e r i ous l y a f

f e c t [ s ] the f

a i rne s s , i nt e gr i ty , orpubl i c r e put a t i on of j ud i ci al proceedi ng s. ’ ” I d. a t 1 7 7 9 ( c ita tio n o m itte d ) .3

T he ex p o s t fa c to c l a us e “ ba r s appl i c a t i on of a l a w ‘ tha tc ha nge s the pu ni shm ent , and i nfl i ct s agrea t erpu ni shm ent , than t he l aw annexed t o the cr i m e, w hen com m i tt ed. ’ ” John son v. U ni t ed Stat es , 120 S . C t . 1795, 1800 ( 2000) (c i t at i on om i tt ed). T o p re vai l on the type of ex p o s t fa c to c l a i m r a i s e d by P e t e r s , he “m u s t s h o w b o th th a t th e la w h e c h a lle n g e s o p e r a te s r e tr o a c tiv e ly ( th a t it ap p lie s to c onduc tc om pl e t e d be f

or e i t s e na c tm e nt ) a nd tha ti tr a i s e s the pe na l ty f r om w hat everthe l aw prov i ded w hen h e a ct ed. ” I d. F i na l l y , be c a us e pos tr e voc a t i on pe na l t i e s r e l a t e t o the or i gi na l of f e ns e , s e nt e nc i ng a de f

e nda ntunde ra ve r s i on of § 3583 a m e nde d a f

t e rthe or i gi na l of

f e ns e w oul d c ons t i tut e r e tr oa c t i ve appl i c a t i on o f th a t s e c tio n . Se e i d. a t 1 8 0 1 . A tthe t i m e of

P e t e r s ’ s unde r l y i ng of

f e ns e , § 3583( h) pr ovi de d: ( h) S upe r vi s e d r e l e a s e f ol l ow i ng r e voc a t i on. W he n a t e r m of supervi se d rel ea se i s r evok ed and t he defendanti s r equi re d t o serve a te r m o f im p r is o n m e n t that

is l e s s than the m ax i m um t e r m of i m pr is onm e nt

author i z e d unde rs ubs e c t i on (

e ) ( 3) , the courtm ay i nc l ude ar e qui r e m e nttha tthe de f e nda ntbe pl a c e d on a t e r m of s upe r vi s e d r e l e a s e a f

t e ri m pr i s onm e nt . T he l e ngth of s uc h a t e r m of su p erv i sed rel ease sh al l n o tex ceed th e t erm o f su p erv i sed rel ease autho ri ze d b y s t atut e f

or the offens e thatre sul t ed i n the ori gi nal t erm of supervi se d rel ea se , l es s a ny t erm of i m pri sonm entthatw as i m po se d up on re vo ca t i on of supervi se d rel ea se . 18 U . S . C . § 3583( h) ( 2001) ( e m pha s i s a dde d) . T hi s s e c t i on w a s a m e nde d i n 2003 b y s tr ik in g th e e m p h a s iz e d la n g u a g e . See 18 U . S . C . § 3583 ( a s a m e nde d by the4

P rose cut ori al R em edi es and T oo l s A gai nstthe E xp l oi t at i on of C hi l dren T od ay A ct of 20 03 (P R O T E C T A ct ), P ub . L . N o. 10 8-21 § 1 01 (1), 11 7 S t at . 65 0). T he G ove rnm e ntc onc e de s the di s tr i c tc our tc om m i tt e d e rr orby vi ol a t i ng the ex p o s t fa c to cl ause because ( 1) i tappl i ed the am ended v er si on of § 3 58 3(h) w here P e t e r s ’ unde r l y i ng of

f e ns e w a s c om pl e t e d be f or e the pr ovi s i on w a s a m e nde d; a nd (2) the appl i ca t i on of the am ended v er si on ra i se d the penal ty by a l l ow i ng the court t o i m pos e a t e r m of

s upe r vi s e d r e l e a s e w he r e the m a xi m um t e r m of i m pr i s onm e nt w as i m po se d. T he G ov ernm entac kn ow l edges thi s e rr or w as pl ai n and af fe ct ed P e t e r s ’ s ubs t a nt i a l r i ght s buta r gue s the s e nt e nc e doe s not“ s e r i ous l y a f f e c tthe f a irn e s s , in te g r ity , o rp u b lic r e p u ta tio n o f ju d ic ia l p r o c e e d in g s .” W e d is a g r e e . B ec ause the di stri ctcourti m po se d a se nt ence thatexce eded the se nt ence perm i tt ed unde rthe appl i c a bl e s t a tut e , w e c onc l ude the c our t ’ s e rr ors e r i ous l y a f f e c t e d the f a i rn e s s , i n t e g r i ty , o rp u b l i c r e p u t a t i o n o f j u d i c i a l p r o c e e d i n g s . Ac c o r d i n g l y , we vaca t e a nd re m and for res ent enci ng un der the approp ri at e ver si on of § 3 58 3(h). VA C AT E D A ND R E MAND E D.