The Annual Compendium of 

Commercial Space Transportation: 

2012

Federal Aviation 

Administration

February 2013

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iii

Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

YEAR AT A GLANCE ..............................................2

ORBITAL LAUNCH VEHICLES ......................................5

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6-""UMBT7                                                     

6-"%FMUB*7                                                    

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BOE"FSPKFU4VQFS4USZQJ                                 

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"SJBOFTQBDF"SJBOF                                             

"SJBOFTQBDF4PZV[                                             

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$(8*$-POH.BSDI                                             

$(8*$-POH.BSDI"                                            

&VSPDLPU3PDLPU                                                 

*-41SPUPO.                                                    

*4$,PTNPUSBT%OFQS                                             

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SUBORBITAL REUSABLE VEHICLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

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#-6&03*(*//&84)&1"3%                                         

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7*3(*/("-"$5*$41"$&4)*1580                                    

9$03"&3041"$&-:/9                                             

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ON-ORBIT VEHICLES AND PLATFORMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

41"$&9%3"(0/ 

03#*5"-$:(/64                                                  

#0&*/($45                                                    

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LAUNCH SITES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

COMMERCIAL VENTURES BEYOND EARTH ORBIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

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$*4-6/"3&''0354                                                 

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REGULATION AND POLICY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

'&%&3"-"7*"5*0/"%.*/*453"5*0/                                   

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"JSXPSUIJOFTT$FSUJmDBUF                                            

$MBTTPS$MBTT8BJWFS                                           

4BGFUZ"QQSPWBM                                                  

-BVODI*OEFNOJmDBUJPO                                            

0DDVQBOU4BGFUZ                                                  

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&91035$0/530-                                                  

45"5&3&(6-"503:"$5*0/4                                         

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FUNDING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

16#-*$'6/%*/(4063$&4                                          

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1SPHSBNT                                                       

13*7"5&'6/%*/(4063$&4                                         

LAUNCH DATA AND TRENDS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

46.."3:0'COMMERCIAL SPACE TRANSPORTATION: 2012 YEAR IN REVIEW. 

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4QBDF5SBOTQPSUBUJPO5SFOET                                    

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46.."3:0'FY 2012 YEAR IN REVIEW.                                 

':8PSMEXJEF0SCJUBM-BVODI"DUJWJUZ                             

':8PSMEXJEF$PNNFSDJBM-BVODI5SFOET                         

':$PNNFSDJBM-BVODI3FWFOVFT                               
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46.."3:0'2012 COMMERCIAL SPACE TRANSPORTATION FORECASTS .... 

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46.."3:0'SUBORBITAL REUSABLE VEHICLES: A 10-YEAR FORECAST OF 

MARKET DEMAND 

4VCPSCJUBM3FVTBCMF7FIJDMF.BSLFUT                                 

.FUIPEPMPHZ                                                    

3FTVMUT                                                        

%FNBOECZ.BSLFU                                               

%FNBOECZ6TFS                                                

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.BKPS6ODFSUBJOUJFT                                              

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APPENDICES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

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%&'*/*5*0/4                                                      

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LIST OF FIGURES

'JHVSF-BVODI4JUFTJOUIF6OJUFE4UBUFT                                   

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'JHVSF-BVODI7FIJDMF6TF                                         

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'JHVSF1BZMPBE6TF5ZQF                                               

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/PO$PNNFSDJBM-BVODI&WFOUT                                  

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1SPKFDUFE-BVODI1MBOT                                        

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1SPKFDUFE-BVODI1MBOT                                        

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1SPKFDUFE-BVODI1MBOT                                        

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'JHVSF&OUFSQSJTF%FNBOECZ5ZQFPG6TFS                              

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'JHVSFZFBS437%FNBOE'PSFDBTU                                  
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5BCMF"DUJWF/0""-JDFOTFFT                                          

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PS/PO1SPmU6TF                                               

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viii
1

Introduction

INTRODUCTION

The Commercial Space Transportation CompendiumCZUIF'FEFSBM"WJBUJPO

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BGPSFDBTUPGHMPCBMMBVODIEFNBOE
BOEB

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*OBEEJUJPO
UISPVHIPVUFBDIPGUIFTFTFDUJPOTBSFCSJFGIJHIMJHIUTPGTJHOJmDBOU

FWFOUTGSPN

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JODMVEJOH

t POFQBHFGBDUTIFFUTGPSDPNNFSDJBMPSCJUBMMBVODIWFIJDMFT
437T
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t UIFNBOJGFTUPGXPSMEXJEFPSCJUBMMBVODIFT

t EFmOJUJPOTPGUFSNJOPMPHZBOE

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2

August 2012: NASA awarded Boeing, Sierra Nevada 

(Dream Chaser, above), and SpaceX agreements to 

develop capability to launch people to the ISS.

October 2012: 7HVWÀULQJRI;&25$HURVSDFHҋVOLTXLG

R[\JHQNHURVHQHHQJLQHGHVWLQHGWRSRZHUWKHFRPSDQ\ҋV

Lynx suborbital reusable vehicle.

:LWKFRPPHUFLDOFDUJRÁLJKWVWRWKH,QWHUQDWLRQDO6SDFH6WDWLRQXQGHUZD\

May 2012: 6SDFH;'UDJRQEHUWKHGWRWKH,66ÀUVWFRPPHUFLDO

FDUJRÁLJKWWRWKHVWDWLRQ

October 2012: )LUVW)$$OLFHQVHGVXERUELWDOODXQFKIURPD

FRPPHUFLDOODXQFKVLWH$UPDGLOOR$HURVSDFHҋV67,*%IURP

Spaceport America).

78

20

7RWDOZRUOGZLGHRUELWDO

launches in 2012

Russia

7 (35%)

Europe

6 (30%)

China

2 (10%)

Sea Launch 

3 (15%)

USA

2 (10%)

Atlas V

Delta IV

Falcon 9

Pegasus XL

Proton K

Proton M

Rockot

6R\X]

6R\X]

6R\X]8

Ariane 5

6R\X]

Vega

Long March 2

Long March 3

Long March 4

H-IIA

H-IIB

PSLV

6DÀU

Unha

Zenit 3SL

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

6

4

2

1 1 1 1 1 11

2 22 2

4

6

7

3 3

9 9

10

Commercial orbital 

launches in

2012

2012 ORBITAL LAUNCHES BY VEHICLE

United States

Russia

Europe

China

Japan

India

Iran

Multinational

North 

Korea
3

Year at a Glance

December 2012: NASA signs $17.8M contract with Bigelow 

$HURVSDFHWRSURYLGHDFRPPHUFLDOLQÁDWDEOHPRGXOHWRWKH,66E\

2015.

October 2012: 6XFFHVVIXOWHVWRI%OXH2ULJLQҋVFUHZFDSVXOH

HVFDSHV\VWHPZKLFKUHDFKHGDQDOWLWXGHRIPHWHUVDQG

returned by parachute.

December 2012: Antares launch pad completed at Mid-

$WODQWLF5HJLRQDO6SDFHSRUW

December 2012: 6HYHQVXFFHVVIXOJOLGHWHVWVRI6SDFH6KLS7ZR

DQGVXFFHVVIXO5RFNHW(QJLQH7ZRÀUHWHVWVVHWWKHVWDJHIRU

SRZHUHGWHVWÁLJKWVLQ

FAA-licensed launches of 

SpaceX Falcon 9 to the ISS

FAA-licensed launches of Sea 

Launch Zenit 3SL

)$$OLFHQVHGUHHQWU\HYHQWVIRU

SpaceX Dragon

2

3

2

FAA-licensed launches of Armadillo 

Aerospace STIG-B

Flights conducted under FAA Experimental 

3HUPLWVE\6SDFH;

2

2

LQFRPPHUFLDOVSDFHWUDQVSRUWDWLRQKDVHQWHUHGDQHZHUD

)$$/DXQFK6LWH/LFHQVHUHQHZDOLVVXHGWR

9LUJLQLD&RPPHULFDO6SDFH)OLJKW$XWKRULW\IRU 1 operation of the Mid-Atlantic Regional Spaceport
This page intentionally left blank.

4
5

&RPPHUFLDO6SDFH7UDQVSRUWDWLRQ&RPSHQGLXP)HEUXDU\

ORBITAL LAUNCH VEHICLES

2UELWDOODXQFKYHKLFOHVVHQGSD\ORDGVLQWRRUELWDURXQG

WKH(DUWKRU6XQLQFOXGLQJ/(2*72662DQGWRRWKHU

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ZRUOGDUHH[SHQGDEOHURFNHWV

,Q$SULO2UELWDOIXOO\HUHFWHGWKHÀUVWVWDJHRIWKH$QWDUHVURFNHW

into a vertical position at the Mid-Atlantic Regional Spaceport 

(MARS).

Image credit: NASA
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6

5IJTTFDUJPOEFTDSJCFTFYQFOEBCMFMBVODIWFIJDMFTJOEFUBJM
CFHJOOJOHXJUI64

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UFDIOJDBMEFUBJMGPSFBDIWFIJDMFTZTUFNBSFJOUIF"QQFOEJYUPUIJTSFQPSU

U.S. COMMERCIAL ORBITAL LAUNCH VEHICLES

5IFSFBSFmWFFYQFOEBCMFMBVODIWFIJDMFUZQFTBWBJMBCMFGPSDPNNFSDJBMVTF

JOUIF6OJUFE4UBUFT1FHBTVT9-
5BVSVT
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XJMMCFDPNNFSDJBMMZBWBJMBCMF
CVUUIFBWBJMBCJMJUZPG4VQFS4USZQJGPSDPNNFSDJBM

VTFJTVODFSUBJO

Operator Vehicle Year of First 

Launch

Total 

Launches

Active 

Launch Sites

Mass to GTO 

kg (lb)

Mass to LEO 

kg (lb)

Mass to SSO 

kg (lb)

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Table 1. U.S. Commercial Launch Vehicles
7

Orbital Launch Vehicles

Orbital: Antares

0SCJUBMQMBOTUPMBVODIUIF"OUBSFTWFIJDMF
BNFEJVNDMBTTPQUJPOGPS

DPNNFSDJBMDMJFOUT
JOFBSMZ*O
UIF/BUJPOBM"FSPOBVUJDTBOE4QBDF

"ENJOJTUSBUJPO	/"4"
TFMFDUFEUIF"OUBSFT	PSJHJOBMMZOBNFE5BVSVT**
UP

SFDFJWFGVOEJOHVOEFSUIF$PNNFSDJBM0SCJUBM5SBOTQPSUBUJPO4FSWJDFT	$054


QSPHSBN/"4"VMUJNBUFMZTFMFDUFE0SCJUBMBOEJUTDPNQFUJUPS4QBDF9UPQSPWJEF

DBSHPUSBOTQPSUBUJPOUPUIF*OUFSOBUJPOBM4QBDF4UBUJPO	*44
VOEFSB$PNNFSDJBM

3FTVQQMZ4FSWJDFT	$34
DPOUSBDU

5IF"OUBSFTJTUIFmSTUDSZPHFOJDBMMZGVFMFEWFIJDMFQSPEVDFECZ0SCJUBM


XIJDIVOUJMOPXIBTGPDVTFEPOTPMJEGVFMFETZTUFNTMJLF1FHBTVT
5BVSVT


BOE.JOPUBVS5IF"OUBSFTDPOTJTUTPGBmSTUTUBHFQSPEVDFECZ6LSBJOJBO

:V[IOPZF%FTJHO0GmDF	:V[IOPZF

XIJDIJTQPXFSFECZUXJO"FSPKFU"+

FOHJOFTEFSJWFEGSPNUIF3VTTJBO/,"DVTUPNFSDBOTFMFDUGSPNUXP

EJGGFSFOUTFDPOETUBHFT
UIF$BTUPS9-PSUIF$BTUPS#
CPUIGSPN"MMJBOU

5FDI4ZTUFNT	"5,
0SCJUBMBMTPPGGFSTBOPQUJPOBM#J1SPQFMMBOU5IJSE4UBHF

	#54
GPSIJHIFOFSHZQFSGPSNBODFOFFET5IFWFIJDMFJTUPQQFEPGGXJUIB

QBZMPBEBEBQUFSBOEBNFUFS	GPPU
EJBNFUFSGBJSJOH4JYWBSJBOUTPGUIF

"OUBSFTXJMMCFBWBJMBCMFUPDVTUPNFST

#FHJOOJOHJO
"OUBSFTnJHIUTXJMMUBLFQMBDFGSPN1BE"
NBOBHFECZ

7JSHJOJBT.JE"UMBOUJD3FHJPOBM4QBDFQPSU	."34
DPMPDBUFEBU/"4"T8BMMPQT

'MJHIU'BDJMJUZ	8''


Antares: 2012 Highlights

Renovation of Pad 0-A to accommodate the Antares concluded during 2012. 

Among the new facilities is a liquid propellant and fueling system, which required 

substantial testing to be approved by NASA for use. Orbital conducted a cold 

nPXUFTUJO%FDFNCFSUPWBMJEBUFMPBEJOHBOEVOMPBEJOHPGMJRVJEPYZHFO	-09
UP

BOEGSPNUIFWFIJDMF"IPUmSFUFTUPGUIF"OUBSFTWFIJDMFJTQMBOOFEJOFBSMZ

CFGPSFUIFmSTUUFTUnJHIU

NASA completed negotiations with Orbital to “on-ramp” the Antares as part of 

UIFBHFODZT-BVODI4FSWJDFT**	/-4**
QSPHSBN
BDPOUSBDUJOHNFDIBOJTNUIBU

BMMPXT/"4"UPQSPDVSFRVBMJmFEMBVODIWFIJDMFTGPSTDJFODFNJTTJPOT

Antares launch vehicle

,PDJHFUHGLW2UELWDO
)HGHUDO$YLDWLRQ$GPLQLVWUDWLRQҋV2IÀFHRI&RPPHUFLDO6SDFH7UDQVSRUWDWLRQ

8

Orbital: Pegasus XL

0SCJUBMT1FHBTVT9-JTBTNBMMDMBTT
BJSMBVODIFEWFIJDMF*UJT

OPSNBMMZDPNQPTFEPGUISFFTPMJEQSPQFMMBOUTUBHFTNBOVGBDUVSFE

CZ"5,
CVUJUNBZBMTPJODMVEFBO0SCJUBMCVJMU
MJRVJEQSPQFMMBOU

)ZESB[JOF"VYJMJBSZ1SPQVMTJPO4ZTUFN	)"14
BTBGPVSUITUBHF

EFQFOEJOHPODVTUPNFSOFFET5IFWFIJDMFVTFTBNFUFS

	GPPU
QBZMPBEGBJSJOH5IFmSTU
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BOEUIJSETUBHFTBSF

NBOVGBDUVSFECZ"5,BOEJODMVEF0SJPO49-
0SJPO9-
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0SJPONPUPST
SFTQFDUJWFMZ5IF0SJPO49-JTBMTPJOUFHSBUFE

XJUIBXJOH
FOBCMJOHBFSPEZOBNJDnJHIUEVSJOHUIFMBVODIQIBTF5IFWFIJDMFJT

BJSESPQQFEGSPNB-PDLIFFECVJMU-BJSDSBGU

4JODF
UIF1FHBTVT9-WFSTJPOIBTnPXOUJNFT
XJUIGBJMVSFT

1FHBTVTIBTnPXODPOTFDVUJWFTVDDFTTGVMNJTTJPOTTJODF*UDBOCF

MBVODIFEGSPNBWBSJFUZPGTJUFTEVFUPUIFBJSMBVODIFEDBQBCJMJUZ
JODMVEJOHUIF

$BOBSZ*TMBOET
$BQF$BOBWFSBM"JS'PSDF4UBUJPO	$$"'4

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7BOEFOCFSH"JS'PSDF#BTF	7"'#

BOE8''

Orbital: Taurus

0SCJUBMBMTPPGGFSTUIFTNBMMDMBTTWFIJDMF5BVSVT*UDPOTJTUTPGGPVSTUBHFTUIF

mSTUTUBHF
$BTUPSTFDPOETUBHF
0SJPO4(9-UIJSETUBHF
0SJPO9-

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0SJPOPS45"3"MMPGUIF5BVSVTSPDLFUNPUPSTBSF

CVJMUCZ"5,0SCJUBMPGGFSTUXPQBZMPBEGBJSJOHT
JODMVEJOHEJBNFUFSTPGFJUIFS

PSNFUFST	PSGFFU
4FWFSBMWBSJBUJPOTPGUIF5BVSVTBSFBWBJMBCMF


BMMPXJOH0SCJUBMUPNJYBOENBUDIEJGGFSFOUTUBHFTBOEGBJSJOHTUPBEESFTT

DVTUPNFSOFFET

5IF5BVSVTMBVODIFTGSPN4-$&BU7"'#GPSPSCJUBMNJTTJPOT
UIPVHIJUNBZ

BMTPMBVODIGSPN4-$BU$$"'4JOUIFGVUVSF*UDBOBMTPMBVODIGSPNUIF

DPNNFSDJBMMBVODITJUFPO4PVUI7"'#
BTXFMMBT1BE#BU8''

Pegasus XL launch 

vehicle

,PDJHFUHGLW2UELWDO

Pegasus XL: 2012 Highlights

"1FHBTVT9-TVDDFTTGVMMZMBVODIFE/"4"T/VDMFBS4QFDUSPTDPQJD5FMFTDPQF

"SSBZ	/V45"3
UP-&0PO+VOF

Taurus launch vehicle

,PDJHFUHGLW2UELWDO
9

Orbital Launch Vehicles

SpaceX: Falcon 9

4QBDF&YQMPSBUJPO5FDIOPMPHJFT	4QBDF9

GPVOEFEJO
mSTUMBVODIFE

JUT'BMDPOSPDLFUJOGSPN$$"'45IFWFIJDMFDPOTJTUTPGBmSTUTUBHF

QPXFSFECZOJOF4QBDF9.FSMJOFOHJOFT
BTFDPOETUBHFQPXFSFECZBTJOHMF

.FSMJO7BDVVNFOHJOF
BQBZMPBEBEBQUFS
BOEBMBSHFQBZMPBEGBJSJOH5IF

'BMDPOJTBMTPEFTJHOFEUPMBVODIUIFDPNQBOZT%SBHPODBQTVMF
XIJDI

EPFTOPUSFRVJSFBGBJSJOH4QBDF9JTDVSSFOUMZVQHSBEJOHUIF'BMDPOUIFOFX

WFSTJPOXJMMGFBUVSFBMPOHFSmSTUTUBHF
OFXIJHIFSUISVTUFOHJOFT	UIF.FSMJO%

JOTUFBEPGUIF.FSMJO$

BOEBOPDUBHPOBMBSSBOHFNFOUPGFOHJOFTPOUIFmSTU

TUBHF	JOTUFBEPGBiUJDUBDUPFwQBUUFSO
UPSFMJFWFMPBETPOUIFWFIJDMFEVSJOH

MBVODI

5IF'BMDPOIBTMBVODIFETVDDFTTGVMMZGPVSUJNFTTJODF*UDBOMBVODI

GSPN4-$BU$$"'4
BOETPPOGSPN4-$&BU7"'#

Falcon 9 launch vehicle

Image credit: SpaceX

Falcon 9: 2012 Highlights

4QBDF9DPOEVDUFEUXPTVDDFTTGVMnJHIUTPGUIF'BMDPOJO5IFmSTU
XIJDI

launched from CCAFS on May 22, was conducted under a 2006 COTS agreement 

with NASA to develop the ability to carry cargo to and from the ISS. The mission 

objectives included successful demonstration of the Dragon cargo module and 

berthing of the spacecraft to the ISS. The mission also demonstrated the controlled 

SFFOUSZBOESFDPWFSZPGUIFDBQTVMF"MMNJTTJPOPCKFDUJWFTXFSFGVMmMMFE
QSFQBSJOH

'BMDPOBOE%SBHPOUPVOEFSUBLFUIFmSTUNJTTJPOVOEFS/"4"T$34DPOUSBDU

later that year. 

5IFmSTU$34NJTTJPOMBVODIFEPO0DUPCFS5IF%SBHPODBQTVMFXBT

successfully delivered to orbit, but because of an engine anomaly during ascent, 

a secondary payload was deployed in a lower than intended orbit. The Dragon 

capsule was successfully recovered later that month after a controlled reentry. The 

FAA licensed the launch and reentry of both the COTS and CRS missions.

4QBDF9XBTBXBSEFETFWFSBMDPOUSBDUTGPSJUT'BMDPOWFIJDMFUIJTZFBS
JODMVEJOH

NJTTJPOTGPS"TJB4BU
"TJB#SPBEDBTU4BUFMMJUF
4&4
BOEUIF"JS'PSDF4QBDF9

and Bigelow Aerospace entered into a partnership to support commercial human 

TQBDFnJHIUNJTTJPOT

4QBDF9TVDDFTTGVMMZIPUmSFEJUTOFX.FSMJO%FOHJOF
TJNVMBUJOHBCVSOUJNF

UIBUXJMMPDDVSPOUZQJDBMMBVODIFT"MTPJO
4QBDF9TVDDFTTGVMMZDPOEVDUFE

UISFFUFTUnJHIUTPGUIF(SBTTIPQQFSGSPNUIFDPNQBOZT.D(SFHPS
5FYBTUFTUTJUF

(SBTTIPQQFSJTBnJHIUUFTUWFIJDMFUIBUTVQQPSUTUIFDPNQBOZTHPBMPGEFWFMPQJOH

BSFVTBCMF'BMDPOSPDLFU(SBTTIPQQFSTUBOETTUPSJFTUBMMBOEDPOTJTUTPGB

'BMDPOSPDLFUmSTUTUBHF
.FSMJO%FOHJOF
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dampers, and a steel support structure.
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10

ULA: Atlas V

5IF"UMBT7JTBQSPEVDUPGUIF64"JS'PSDFT&WPMWFE&YQFOEBCMF-BVODI

7FIJDMF1SPHSBN	&&-7

XIJDICFHBOJO6-"NBSLFUTUIF"UMBT7UP64

(PWFSONFOUDVTUPNFST
BOE-PDLIFFE.BSUJO$PNNFSDJBM-BVODI4FSWJDFT

	-.$-4
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6-"

CFHBOUIFQSPDFTTPGDFSUJGZJOH"UMBT7GPSIVNBONJTTJPOT
UPMBVODI/"4"

BTUSPOBVUTUPMPX&BSUIPSCJU	-&0
6-"IBTBHSFFNFOUTXJUI#PFJOHBOE4JFSSB

/FWBEB$PSQPSBUJPO	4/$
UPMBVODIUIFJSDSFXFEPSCJUBMWFIJDMFTPOBO"UMBT7

-PDLIFFE.BSUJOEFWFMPQTUIF"UMBT7
XIJDIDPOTJTUTPGUIF$PNNPO$PSF

#PPTUFS	$$#
QPXFSFECZB3VTTJBO3%FOHJOF
B$FOUBVSVQQFSTUBHF

QPXFSFECZFJUIFSPOFPSUXP1SBUU8IJUOFZ3PDLFUEZOF	183
3-"

FOHJOFT
BQBZMPBEBEBQUFS
BOEBQBZMPBEGBJSJOH5IFWFIJDMFWBSJBOUTBSF

EFTDSJCFEJOUXPHSPVQT"UMBT7TFSJFTBOE"UMBT7TFSJFT5IFmSTU

OVNCFSPGUIFUISFFEJHJUEFTJHOBUPSJOEJDBUFTUIFEJBNFUFSPGUIFGBJSJOH

JONFUFST
UIFTFDPOEOVNCFSJOEJDBUFTUIFOVNCFSPG"FSPKFUTPMJESPDLFU

CPPTUFSTVTFE	[FSPUPmWF

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3-"FOHJOFTFNQMPZFECZUIF$FOUBVSVQQFSTUBHF	POFPSUXP


4JODFJUTmSTUMBVODIJO
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5IFWFIJDMFJTMBVODIFEGSPN4-$BU$$"'4BOE4-$&BU7"'#

Atlas V: 2012 Highlights

5IF"UMBT7TVDDFTTGVMMZEFQMPZFETJYQBZMPBETJO5IFTFJODMVEFUIF64

/BWZTmSTUTBUFMMJUFJOUIF.PCJMF6TFS0CKFDUJWF4ZTUFN	.604
DPOTUFMMBUJPO


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TBUFMMJUF
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TBUFMMJUFTGPSUIF/BUJPOBM3FDPOOBJTTBODF0GmDF	/30

UIF"JS'PSDFT9#

SPCPUJDSFVTBCMFTQBDFQMBOF
BOE/"4"T3BEJBUJPO#FMU4UPSN1SPCFT	3#41


6-"DPNQMFUFEJUTmGUIBOEmOBMNJMFTUPOFVOEFSJUTVOGVOEFE4""XJUI/"4"

6OEFSUIFTFDPOEQIBTF$PNNFSDJBM$SFX%FWFMPQNFOU	$$%FW
QSPHSBN


ULA was required to complete a Hazard, System, and Safety Probablistic Risk 

Assessment to ensure crew safety during launch and ascent. ULA also established 

a Human Launch Services division and selected Hensel Phelps Construction to 

begin upgrading SLC-41 to accommodate crewed launches.

Atlas V launch vehicle

Image credit: Boeing
11

Orbital Launch Vehicles

ULA: Delta IV

$PNNFSDJBMDMJFOUTDBOQSPDVSF6-"T%FMUB*7UISPVHI#PFJOH-BVODI4FSWJDFT

	#-4
-JLFUIF"UMBT7
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QPXFSFECZB183

34"NBJOFOHJOF
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QPXFSFECZB1833-#FOHJOF
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BEBQUFS
BOEBQBZMPBEGBJSJOH5IFWFIJDMFNBZBMTPGFBUVSFCFUXFFOUXPBOE

GPVS"5,(&.NPUPST

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t 5IF%FMUB*7.FEJVNDPOTJTUTPGB$#$
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UIFBEEJUJPOBM

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BNFUFSEJBNFUFSVQQFSTUBHF


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MBVODIFTGSPN4-$BU$$"'4BOE4-$BU7"'#

Delta IV: 2012 Highlights

5IF%FMUB*7MBVODIFEGPVSTBUFMMJUFTJOUXPGPSUIF"JS'PSDF	UIFTFDPOE

TBUFMMJUFJOUIF8JEFCBOE(MPCBM4BUFMMJUFTZTUFNBOEB(14TBUFMMJUF
BOEUXPGPS

UIF/30"MUIPVHIBMMnJHIUTXFSFDPOEVDUFETVDDFTTGVMMZ
UIFnJHIUPO0DUPCFS

FYQFSJFODFEBMPXUISVTUBOPNBMZXJUIUIF3-#FOHJOFQPXFSJOHUIFVQQFS

stage. A joint investigation between ULA and PWR will assess the event. ULA 

TVDDFTTGVMMZUFTUFEUIF(&.NPUPSTPGUIF%FMUB*7

Delta IV launch vehicle

Image credit: Boeing

Commercial Space Highlights: Delta IV to Launch Orion

"%FMUB*7)FBWZJTTDIFEVMFEUPMBVODIUIFmSTUnJHIUPG/"4"T

PSCJUBMWFIJDMF
0SJPO5IFNJTTJPO
&YQMPSBUJPO'MJHIU5FTU	&'5



may qualify as a commercial launch and require an FAA license.

The Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle being 

assembled and tested at Lockheed 

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Colorado.

Image credit: Lockheed Martin
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12

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5IFSBJMMBVODIFE4VQFS4USZQJJTTDIFEVMFEUPNBLFJUTJOBVHVSBMnJHIUJO

GSPNUIF1BDJmD.JTTJMF3BOHF'BDJMJUZ	1.3'
BU#BSLJOH4BOETJO)BXBJJ5IF

UISFFTUBHFBMMTPMJENPUPSWFIJDMF
CBTFEPO4BOEJB/BUJPOBM-BCPSBUPSJFT	4/-


TFSB4USZQJUFTUNJTTJMF
JTCFJOHEFWFMPQFECZBQBSUOFSTIJQBNPOHUIF

0QFSBUJPOBMMZ3FTQPOTJWF4QBDF	034
0GmDF
4/-
"FSPKFUBOEUIF6OJWFSTJUZ

PG)BXBJJ5IF0340GmDFJTQSPWJEJOHUIFGVOEJOHBOEQSPHSBNNBOBHFNFOU

PG4/-TEFTJHOBMPOHXJUIUIFEFWFMPQNFOUPGUISFFTPMJESPDLFUNPUPSTGSPN

"FSPKFU"MBVODITJUFJTCFJOHEFWFMPQFEBU1.3'XJUIIFMQCFJOHQSPWJEFE

UPUIF0340GmDFUISPVHIUIF6OJWFSTJUZPG)BXBJJ*UJTEFTJSFEUIBUBGUFS

UIFDPNQMFUJPOPGUIFEFNPOTUSBUJPOMBVODI
UIF4VQFS4USZQJWFIJDMFXJMMCF

USBOTJUJPOFEGSPN4/-UPBDPNNFSDJBMFOUJUZUIBUXJMMQSPWJEFMBVODITFSWJDFT

UPUIF(PWFSONFOU
CPUI$JWJMBOE%FQBSUNFOUPG%FGFOTF	%P%

BTXFMMBT

DPNNFSDJBMQSPHSBNT

"FSPKFUJTEFWFMPQJOHUIFUISFFOFXTPMJESPDLFUNPUPSTUIBUTVQQPSUUIF4VQFS

4USZQJMBVODITZTUFN5IFmSTUTUBHFJTUIF-&0
TFDPOETUBHFJTUIF-&0

BOEUIFUIJSETUBHFJTUIF-&04VQFS4USZQJXJMMJOJUJBMMZMBVODIGSPN1.3'

VTJOH1BEBUUIF,BVBJ5FTU'BDJMJUZ,PLPMF1PJOU
CVUUIFWFIJDMFJTBMTP

DPNQBUJCMFXJUIPUIFSMBVODITJUFT
TVDIBT
CVUOPUMJNJUFEUP
4QBDF'MPSJEBT

$BQF$BOBWFSBM4QBDFQPSU
,PEJBL-BVODI$PNQMFYJO"MBTLB
BOE/"4"T

8''

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launch vehicle

Image credit: Aerojet

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*O"VHVTU
"FSPKFUTVDDFTTGVMMZUFTUmSFEB-&0TPMJENPUPS
XIJDIXJMMCFVTFEBT

UIFTFDPOETUBHFGPS4VQFS4USZQJ4/-DPNQMFUFEBEFMUB$%3BOEIBTmOBMJ[FE

the design of the Super Strypi launch vehicle. The rail launcher design was 

DPNQMFUFEBOENPEJmDBUJPOTUPUIF4DPVUMBVODIFSTZTUFNBTXFMMBTGBCSJDBUJPO

of new components was started. Finally, the program completed the necessary 

environmental paperwork to establish the launch site at PMRF and received a 

'JOEJOHPG/P4JHOJmDBOU*NQBDUBOEDBOCFHJOXPSLPOUIFMBVODITJUF
13

Orbital Launch Vehicles

Table 2. Other U.S. Vehicles in Development with Orbital Deployment Capability

OTHER U.S. VEHICLES IN DEVELOPMENT WITH ORBITAL DEPLOYMENT 

CAPABILITY

Vehicle Manufacturer Anticipated 

Introduction Year Description

Athena -PDLIFFE.BSUJO 

-PDLIFFE.BSUJOJTSFJOUSPEVDJOHUIF"UIFOBUPBEESFTT

TNBMMUPNFEJVNDMBTTQBZMPBET5IFWFIJDMFVTFTTPMJE

QSPQFMMBOUTUBHFT
PGGFSFEJOUISFFWFSTJPOTEFQFOEJOHPO

DVTUPNFSOFFET*OJUJBMnJHIUTPGUIFWFIJDMFBSFFYQFDUFE

UPMBVODIGSPNBOFXGBDJMJUZDVSSFOUMZVOEFSDPOTUSVDUJPOBU

,PEJBL-BVODI$PNQMFYBOEQPTTJCMZGSPNPUIFSTJUFTMJLF

$BQF$BOBWFSBM4QBDFQPSUT4-$

-ZOY.BSL*** 9$03

"FSPTQBDF 

9$03XJMMMBVODINJDSPTBUFMMJUFTVTJOHBOVQQFSTUBHF

SPDLFUDBSSJFEJOBEPSTBMQPEPOUIF-ZOY.BSL***437

.BYJNVNQBZMPBEDBQBDJUZXJMMCFLJMPHSBNT	

QPVOET
5IF-ZOY.BSL***XJMMSPMMPVUBGUFSTVDDFTTGVM

UFTUnJHIUTPGUIFQSPUPUZQF-ZOY.BSL*BOEPQFSBUJPOBM

FYQFSJFODFXJUI-ZOY.BSL**

-BVODIFS0OF 5IF4QBDFTIJQ

$PNQBOZ 

7JSHJO(BMBDUJDXJMMPGGFS-BVODIFS0OF
BTNBMMDMBTTPSCJUBM

MBVODIWFIJDMF*UXJMMVTFUIF8IJUF,OJHIU5XPDBSSJFSBJSDSBGU

BOEBOBJSMBVODIFEFYQFOEBCMFSPDLFUTUBHF	DBMMFE

-BVODIFS0OF
UPDBSSZUIFQBZMPBE5IFQBZMPBEDBQBDJUZ

XJMMCFLJMPHSBNT	QPVOET
4LZ#PY*NBHJOHBOE

(FP0QUJDTIBWFBMSFBEZTJHOFEDPOUSBDUTXJUI7JSHJO

(BMBDUJDGPSUIFMBVODIPGUIFJSTBUFMMJUFT

4USBUPMBVODI

$BSSJFS"JSDSBGU

4USBUPMBVODI

4ZTUFNT 

4USBUPMBVODIJTBOPSCJUBMMBVODITFSWJDFTWFOUVSFJOWPMWJOH

4DBMFE$PNQPTJUFT	EFTJHOBOENBOVGBDUVSFPGDBSSJFS

BJSDSBGU

0SCJUBM	EFTJHOBOENBOVGBDUVSFPGUIFSPDLFU

TUBHF

BOE%ZOFUJDT	EFTJHOBOENBOVGBDUVSFPGUIFNBUJOH

BOEJOUFHSBUJPOTZTUFN
5IFDBSSJFSBJSDSBGUJTDPNQPTFEPG

BUXJOGVTFMBHFEFTJHOJODPSQPSBUJOHUXPBJSGSBNFT

%FWFMPQNFOUDPTUGPSUIFMBVODITZTUFNJTFTUJNBUFEUPCF

BCPVUNJMMJPO
XJUINBOVGBDUVSJOHDPOEVDUFEBU.PKBWF

"JSBOE4QBDF1PSUJO$BMJGPSOJB"UFTUnJHIUJTFYQFDUFEUP

MBVODIGSPN/"4"T,FOOFEZ4QBDF$FOUFS4IVUUMF-BVODI

'BDJMJUZ

(0-BVODIFS

(FOFSBUJPO

0SCJUBOE4QBDF

1SPQVMTJPO

(SPVQ

TBD

(FOFSBUJPO0SCJUJTJOUSPEVDJOHBOBJSMBVODIDBQBCJMJUZ

VTJOHBDPOWFOUJPOBMIJHIQFSGPSNBODFKFUBJSDSBGUUIBU

DBSSJFTFJUIFSB(0SPDLFUTUBHFGPSTVCPSCJUBMNJTTJPOT

PSB(0SPDLFUTUBHFDBQBCMFPGTFOEJOHLJMPHSBNT

	QPVOET
JOUP-&0

/&156/& *OUFSPSCJUBM

4ZTUFNT	*04
 TBD

.PKBWFCBTFE*04JTEFWFMPQJOHBMJOFPG/&156/&

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/&156/&WBSJBOUTBSFDPNQPTFEPGDMVTUFSTPG$PNNPO

1SPQVMTJPO.PEVMFT	$1.T
GPSFYBNQMF
UIF/&156/&

DPOTJTUTPGmWF$1.TBOEDBOTFOEBLJMPHSBN

	QPVOE
QBZMPBEJOUP-&0*04IBTQFSGPSNFEFOHJOF

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MBVODIFTGSPN5POHB
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14

NON-U.S COMMERCIAL ORBITAL LAUNCH VEHICLES

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PVUTJEFUIF6OJUFE4UBUFT"SJBOF
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Operator Vehicle Year of First 

Launch

Total 

Launches

Active 

Launch Sites

Mass to GTO 

kg (lb)

Mass to LEO 

kg (lb)

Mass to SSO 

kg (lb)

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Table 3. Non-U.S. Commercial Launch Vehicles
15

Orbital Launch Vehicles

Arianespace: Ariane 5

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JTUIFXPSLIPSTFPG'SBODFCBTFE

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UIF"SJBOFTFSJFT
UIF"SJBOFDPOTJTUTPGBO"TUSJVNMJRVJEGVFMFEDPSFTUBHF

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UXP&VSPQSPQVMTJPOTUSBQPOTPMJE

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IFSJUBHFGSPN"SJBOF
BO"TUSJVNQBZMPBEBEBQUFSUIBUDBOBDDPNNPEBUFUXP

TBUFMMJUFT	DBMMFE4:-%"

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PQFSBUFTUIF"SJBOF&4WFSTJPOXJUIBTUPSBCMFQSPQFMMBOUVQQFSTUBHFFOHJOF

VTFEUPMBVODIUIF"VUPNBUFE5SBOTGFS7FIJDMFT	"57
UPUIF*44BOEWFSZMBSHF

TBUFMMJUFTMJLF&OWJTBU

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JODMVEJOHGBJMVSFTBOE

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BMMGSPNUIF&-"MBVODIDPNQMFYBUUIF(VJBOB4QBDF$FOUFSJO

'SFODI(VJBOB

$ULDQHVSDFH6R\X]

5IF4PZV[WFIJDMFIBTBMPOHIJTUPSZ
USBDJOHCBDLUPUIF4PWJFU3

JOUFSDPOUJOFOUBMCBMMJTUJDNJTTJMF	*$#.

XIJDIMBVODIFEUIFXPSMETmSTUTBUFMMJUF


UIFmSTUIVNBOJOTQBDF
BOEUIFmSTUNVMUJQMFDSFXTJOUPPSCJU5IFSFIBWF

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BMTPDBMMFEUIF

4PZV[455IF4PZV[JTPQFSBUFECZ"SJBOFTQBDFBUUIF(VJBOB4QBDF$FOUFS

"SJBOFTQBDFTTJTUFSDPNQBOZ
4UBSTFN
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QPXFSFECZBO4FOHJOF"QBZMPBEBEBQUFSBOETUBOEBSENFUFS	GPPU


EJBNFUFSGBJSJOHDPNQMFUFUIFWFIJDMFTZTUFN5T4,#1SPHSFTTDBOQSPEVDF

BCPVU4PZV[WFIJDMFTQFSZFBS

Ariane 5: 2012 Highlights

During 2012, Arianespace successfully launched seven Ariane 5 vehicles. The 

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XFSFEVBMMBVODIFTUPHFPTUBUJPOBSZUSBOTGFSPSCJU	(50

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*OUFMTBU"453"'BOE(4"5&VUFMTBU#BOE4UBS0OF$BOE.FYTBU

Bicentenario and Skynet 5D.

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TFDVSFENFNCFSTUBUFGVOEJOH

GPSUIFDPOUJOVFEEFWFMPQNFOUPGUIF"SJBOF.&	.JEMJGF&WPMVUJPO
GFBUVSJOH

BSFJHOJUBCMFDSZPHFOJDVQQFSTUBHFFOHJOF
BOEGPSBEFmOJUJPOTUVEZPGBOBMM

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DBQBCMFUIBOUIF"SJBOF&$"UP(50XJUIBUBSHFUnJHIUEBUFPG5IFOFX

"SJBOFJTQSPKFDUFEUPnZCZ&4"JTGVOEJOHCPUIBDUJWJUJFTGPSUXPZFBST

and will reevaluate the future of Europe’s launch capability in 2014.

Ariane 5 launch vehicle

Image credit: Arianespace

Soyuz 2 launch 

vehicle

Image credit: ILS
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16

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XIJDI

IBTnPXO
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Arianespace: Vega

5IF7FHBMBVODIWFIJDMFJTPQFSBUFECZ"SJBOFTQBDFBOEUBSHFUTTDJFOUJmDBOE

&BSUIPCTFSWJOHTBUFMMJUFTUPQPMBSBOE-&0%FWFMPQNFOUPGUIF7FHBCFHBO

JOXJUIKPJOUDPOUSJCVUJPOTGSPN&4"
UIF*UBMJBO4QBDF"HFODZ
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BOE*UBMZCBTFE"WJP5IF7FHBMBVODIFEGPSUIFmSTUUJNFJO

'FCSVBSZ

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BTFDPOETUBHF

;FmSPTPMJENPUPS
BUIJSETUBHF;FmSPTPMJENPUPS
BOEBMJRVJEGVFMFE

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5IF"76.


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5IF7FHBIBTIBEPOFTVDDFTTGVMMBVODI*UMBVODIFTGSPNUIF;-'MBVODI

DPNQMFYBUUIF(VJBOB4QBDF$FOUFS

6R\X]+LJKOLJKWV

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UXP4PZV[NJTTJPOTGSPN(VJBOB4QBDF$FOUFSEVSJOH"MMUISFFNJTTJPOTXFSF

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4PZV[NJTTJPOUPNFEJVN&BSUIPSCJU	.&0
XBT(BMJMFP*07.5IFUIJSEnJHIU

sent the French Pleiades HR-2 to LEO. 

Vega: 2012 Highlights

The Vega made its inaugural launch in 2012. It carried an assortment of payloads, 

including the ESA primary payload LARES and the secondary payloads Almsasat-1, 

F4U!S
(PMJBU
.B4BU
184BU
3PCVTUB
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Vega launch vehicle

Image credit: 

Arianespace
17

Orbital Launch Vehicles

CGWIC: Long March 2

5IF-POH.BSDIJTBTNBMMDMBTTWFIJDMFEFTJHOFEUPBEESFTT-&0BOETVO

TZODISPOPVTPSCJU	440
NJTTJPOT5IFUXPUPUISFFTUBHFWFIJDMFJTCVJMUCZUIF

4IBOHIBJ"DBEFNZPG4QBDFnJHIU5FDIOPMPHZ	4"45
BOENBSLFUFECZ$IJOB

(SFBU8BMM*OEVTUSZ$PSQPSBUJPO	$(8*$
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5IF

-POH.BSDI$JTBWBJMBCMFUPDPNNFSDJBMDMJFOUT
BOEBMUIPVHIUIF-POH.BSDI

%JTOPUNBSLFUFEDPNNFSDJBMMZ
BDPOUSBDUTJHOFEJOJOEJDBUFTJUJTBMTP

DPNNFSDJBMMZBWBJMBCMF

5IF-POH.BSDI%DPOTJTUTPGUXPTUBHFT
XIJMFUIF-POH.BSDI$GFBUVSFTBO

VQQFSTUBHF5IFmSTUTUBHFJTQPXFSFECZUIF:'$FOHJOFBOEUIFTFDPOE

TUBHFCZB:'FOHJOF5IFUIJSETUBHF
JGVTFE
JTBTPMJENPUPSEFTJHOBUFE

"QBZMPBEBEBQUFSBOEGBJSJOHDPNQMFUFUIFWFIJDMFTZTUFN

5IF-POH.BSDI$IBTTVDDFTTGVMMZnPXOUJNFTTJODFJUTJOUSPEVDUJPOJO

5IFWFIJDMFDBOMBVODIGSPNUIF+JVRVBO
5BJZVBO
BOE9JDIBOHTJUFT

5IF-POH.BSDI%IBTnPXOUJNFTTJODF
FBDIUJNFTVDDFTTGVMMZ*U

UZQJDBMMZMBVODIFTGSPNUIF+JVRVBO4BUFMMJUF-BVODI$FOUFS
CVUJO
UIF

WFIJDMFXJMMMBVODIGSPN9JDIBOHGPSUIFmSTUUJNF

CGWIC: Long March 3A

5IF-POH.BSDI"JTBNPEJmFEWFSTJPOPGUIFPSJHJOBM-POH.BSDIWFIJDMF


XIJDIXBTJOUSPEVDFEJOBOEJTOPXEJTDPOUJOVFE$(8*$NBSLFUT

UIF-POH.BSDI"WFIJDMFGBNJMZGPSDPNNFSDJBMVTF%FWFMPQNFOUBOE

NBOVGBDUVSJOHPGUIF-POH.BSDI"WFIJDMFTBSFTIBSFECFUXFFOUIF$IJOB

"DBEFNZPG-BVODI7FIJDMFT	$"-5
BOE4"45

5IFSFBSFGPVSWFSTJPOTPGUIFUISFFTUBHF-POH.BSDI"5IF-POH.BSDI

"DPOTJTUTPGBDPSFTUBHFQPXFSFECZGPVS:'$FOHJOFT
BTFDPOETUBHF

QPXFSFECZB:'&FOHJOF
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WFIJDMFJTUPQQFEXJUIBQBZMPBEBEBQUFSBOEGBJSJOH5IF-POH.BSDI#BOE

-POH.BSDI#&IBWFUIFTBNFDPSFTUBHFQPXFSFECZGPVS:'$FOHJOFT


UIFTBNFTFDPOETUBHFQPXFSFECZB:'&FOHJOF
BOEUIFTBNFUIJSETUBHF

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MJRVJESPDLFUCPPTUFSTUIFZVTF5IF-POH.BSDI$JTUIFTBNFBTUIF-POH

.BSDI#
CVUXJUIUXPMJRVJESPDLFUCPPTUFSTJOTUFBEPGGPVS"TFMFDUJPOPGGPVS

QBZMPBEGBJSJOHTJTPGGFSFEGPSBMMWBSJBOUT

Long March 2: 2012 Highlights

*O%FDFNCFS
B-POH.BSDI%TVDDFTTGVMMZMBVODIFE(PLUVSL
BO&BSUI

PCTFSWBUJPOTBUFMMJUFGPSUIF5VSLJTINJMJUBSZ*O"VHVTU
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-VOBS913*;&

Long March 2C launch 

vehicle

,PDJHFUHGLW&*:,&

/RQJ0DUFK%ODXQFK

vehicle

,PDJHFUHGLW&*:,&
)HGHUDO$YLDWLRQ$GPLQLVWUDWLRQҋV2IÀFHRI&RPPHUFLDO6SDFH7UDQVSRUWDWLRQ

18

5IF-POH.BSDI"WFIJDMFTMBVODIGSPN-$PS-$BUUIF9JDIBOH4BUFMMJUF

-BVODI$FOUFS5IF-POH.BSDI"IBTTVDDFTTGVMMZMBVODIFEUJNFTTJODF

5IF-POH.BSDI#IBTMBVODIFEUJNFT	XJUIGBJMVSFT

BOEUIF

-POH.BSDI#&IBTMBVODIFEUJNFTTVDDFTTGVMMZ5IF-POH.BSDI$IBT

MBVODIFEUJNFTTVDDFTTGVMMZTJODFJUXBTJOUSPEVDFEJO

Eurockot: Rockot

5IF3PDLPUJTBTNBMMMBVODIFSCBTFEPONJTTJMFDPNQPOFOUT
TQFDJmDBMMZUIF

3VTTJBO63/	44
*$#.5IF3VTTJBO(PWFSONFOUVTFT3PDLPUGPSJUT

MBVODIFT&VSPDLPU-BVODI4FSWJDFT(NC)
BKPJOUDPNQBOZCFUXFFO&"%4

"TUSJVN	
BOE,ISVOJDIFW4QBDF$FOUFS	

PGGFSTDPNNFSDJBMMBVODI

TFSWJDFTUPDVTUPNFSTPVUTJEFUIF3VTTJBO'FEFSBUJPO

5IF3PDLPUDPOTJTUTPGUISFFTUBHFT5IFmSTUUXPTUBHFTBSFDPNQPTFEPG

44CPPTUFSTFHNFOUT5IFmSTUTUBHFJTQPXFSFECZBO3%FOHJOFBOE

UIFTFDPOECZBO3%FOHJOF5IFUIJSETUBHFJTBOFXMZNBOVGBDUVSFE

,ISVOJDIFW#SFF[F,.VQQFSTUBHF"QBZMPBEBEBQUFSBOEGBJSJOHDPNQMFUF

UIFWFIJDMFTZTUFN

4JODF
UIFWFIJDMFIBTMBVODIFEUJNFT
XJUIGBJMVSFT5IFmSTUUISFF

MBVODIFTXFSFXJUIUIFJOJUJBMWFSTJPO
UIF3PDLPU,*O.BZ
UIFWFIJDMF

XBTVQHSBEFEUPBDDPNNPEBUFBMBSHFSQBZMPBE
JUCFDBNFUIF3PDLPU,.


XIJDIIBTMBVODIFEUJNFTXJUIGBJMVSFT5IF3PDLPU,.MBVODIFTGSPN

1MFTFUTL,PTNPESPNFJO3VTTJB

5IF3PDLPUJTQSFEPNJOBOUMZVTFEGPSTDJFOUJmD&BSUIPCTFSWBUJPOBOEDMJNBUF

SFTFBSDINJTTJPOTJO-&05FOnJHIUTIBWFCFFOQFSGPSNFECZ&VSPDLPU-BVODI

4FSWJDFTGPSJOUFSOBUJPOBMDVTUPNFST3PDLPU,.DVSSFOUMZIBTBCBDLMPHPG

DPNNFSDJBMDVTUPNFSTVOUJMBOE3VTTJBOHPWFSONFOUnJHIUTUPUIFFOEPG

UIFEFDBEF

Long March 3A: 2012 Highlights

/JOF-POH.BSDINJTTJPOTMBVODIFEJO5IFPOFDPNNFSDJBMMBVODIDBSSJFE

"Q4UBSUPBHFPTZODISPOPVTPSCJU	(&0
JO.BSDI

$(8*$TJHOFETFWFSBMDPOUSBDUTJO
JODMVEJOHUXPUIBUXJMMVTFUIF-POH

.BSDI#UPTFOE$POHP4BUBOEBO"15TBUFMMJUFUP(50

Rockot: 2012 Highlights

0OF3PDLPUNJTTJPOnFXJO5IFOPODPNNFSDJBMnJHIU
XIJDIDBSSJFEBTFSJFT

of military satellites, was successful.

5RFNRWODXQFKYHKLFOH

,PDJHFUHGLW(XURFNRW
19

Orbital Launch Vehicles

ILS: Proton M

5IF1SPUPOWFIJDMFUSBDFTJUTMJOFBHFUPUIF63TZTUFNEFWFMPQFEJO

5PEBZ
UIFWFIJDMFJTCVJMUCZUIF,ISVOJDIFW4UBUF3FTFBSDIBOE1SPEVDUJPO

4QBDF$FOUFS	,I4$
BOENBSLFUFEUPDPNNFSDJBMDVTUPNFSTCZ*OUFSOBUJPOBM

-BVODI4FSWJDFT	*-4


5IF1SPUPO.DPOTJTUTPGBmSTUTUBHFQPXFSFECZTJY3%FOHJOFT
BTFDPOE

TUBHFQPXFSFECZUISFF3%FOHJOFT
BOEBUIJSETUBHFQPXFSFECZBO

3%FOHJOF5IFGPVSUITUBHFJTB#SFF[F.QPXFSFECZPOF%FOHJOF

5IF#SFF[F.BMTPGFBUVSFTTFUUMJOHUISVTUFSTBOEBUUJUVEFDPOUSPMUISVTUFST

5IFQBZMPBEGBJSJOHDPWFSTCPUIUIFQBZMPBEBOEUIF#SFF[F.VQQFSTUBHF

EVSJOHMBVODI6OUJM%FDFNCFS
UIF3VTTJBOHPWFSONFOUVTFEBOFBSMJFS

WFSTJPOPGUIF1SPUPO
PGUFODBMMFEUIF1SPUPO,*UXJMMOPXVTFUIF1SPUPO.

XJUIFJUIFSWFSTJPOTPGUIF#MPDL%.PSUIF#SFF[F.BTUIFGPVSUITUBHFPSBTB

UISFFTUBHFWFIJDMFGPS-&0NJTTJPOT

4JODF
UIF1SPUPO.IBTIBEMBVODIFT
XJUIGBJMVSFT*UMBVODIFTGSPN

-$BOE-$BUUIF#BJLPOVS,PTNPESPNF-BVODIFTBSFNBOBHFECZB

UFBNDPOTJTUJOHPGNFNCFSTGSPN*-4
,I4$
BOEUIF$FOUFSGPS(SPVOE#BTFE

4QBDF*OGSBTUSVDUVSF'BDJMJUJFT0QFSBUJPO	5T&/,*


ISC Kosmotras: Dnepr

5IF%OFQSJTEFWFMPQFEGSPNTVSQMVT4PWJFU3	44
*$#.SFGVSCJTIFECZ

:V[IOPZF5IFUISFFTUBHF
MJRVJEGVFMFEWFIJDMFJTEFTJHOFEGPSNFEJVNDMBTT

QBZMPBETPSDMVTUFSTPGTNBMMBOENJDSPDMBTTTBUFMMJUFT5IF3VTTJBODPNQBOZ

*4$,PTNPUSBTNBSLFUTUIF%OFQS

5IF%OFQSIBTMBVODIFEUJNFT
XJUIGBJMVSF*UMBVODIFTGSPN1BE

BUUIF#BJLPOVS,PTNPESPNFBOEUIF%PNCBSPWTLZNJTTJMFCBTFJO8FTUFSO

3VTTJB

Proton M launch vehicle

Image credit: ILS

Proton M: 2012 Highlights

There were 10 Proton M missions in 2012. ILS successfully launched the Echostar 

97*
&YQSFTT.%
*OUFMTBU
*OUFMTBU
/JNJR
4&4
4&4
5FMLPN


Yahsat-1B, and Yamal-402. Due to a failure of the Breeze-M stage, the dual launch 

PG5FMLPNBOE&YQSFTT.%JO"VHVTUFOEFEXJUIUIFMPTTPGUIFTBUFMMJUFT5IF

Yamal-402 launch was compromised when the Breeze-M failed to deploy the 

satellite in the correct orbit, but the satellite’s onboard fuel enabled it to reach the 

intended destination later in the month.

Dnepr launch vehicle

Image credit: ISC 

Kosmotras
)HGHUDO$YLDWLRQ$GPLQLVWUDWLRQҋV2IÀFHRI&RPPHUFLDO6SDFH7UDQVSRUWDWLRQ

20

JAXA: Epsilon

5IF&QTJMPOWFIJDMFJTVOEFSEFWFMPQNFOUBOEFYQFDUFEUPFOUFSTFSWJDFJO

%FWFMPQFECZUIF+BQBO"FSPTQBDF&YQMPSBUJPO"HFODZ	+"9"

UIF

TZTUFNJTEFSJWFEGSPNUIF/JTTBOCVJMU.7

5IFmSTUTUBHFPGUIF4UBOEBSE$POmHVSBUJPO&QTJMPOJTBTPMJENPUPSTJNJMBSUP

UIPTFPOUIF)**""O.DTPMJENPUPSDPOTUJUVUFTUIFTFDPOETUBHF
BOEB

,.7CSFQSFTFOUTUIFUIJSETUBHF"QBZMPBEBEBQUFSBOEGBJSJOHDPNQMFUF

UIFTZTUFN"TFDPOEWFSTJPOPGUIFWFIJDMF
DBMMFEUIF0QUJPOBM$POmHVSBUJPO


GFBUVSFTBOBEEJUJPOBMDPNQBDUMJRVJEQSPQVMTJPOTZTUFNBUPQUIFUIJSETUBHF

5IFWFIJDMFXJMMMBVODIGSPN6DIJOPVSB4QBDF$FOUFS
GPSNFSMZDBMMFE

,BHPTIJNB4QBDF$FOUFS

JAXA: H-IIA/B

5IFUXPTUBHF)**"BOE)**#XFSFKPJOUMZEFWFMPQFECZUIF+BQBOFTF

&YQMPSBUJPO"HFODZ	+"9"
BOE.JUTVCJTIJ)FBWZ*OEVTUSJFT
-UE	.)*

BT

+BQBOTQSJNBSZMBVODIWFIJDMFT5IFSFBSFUXPWFSTJPOTPGUIF)**"BOEPOF

WFSTJPOPGUIF)**#5IF)**#JTBOVQHSBEFEWFSTJPOPGUIF)**"+BQBOCVJMU

UIFMBSHFSDBQBDJUZ)**#UPMBVODIUIF)**5SBOTGFS7FIJDMF	)57
UPUIF*44BOE

UPMBVODINVMUJQMFTBUFMMJUFTBUSFEVDFEDPTUT

5IF)**"WFIJDMFGFBUVSFTBDSZPHFOJDDPSFTUBHFQPXFSFECZBTJOHMF-&"

FOHJOF
UXPMBSHFMJRVJESPDLFUCPPTUFST
BOVQQFSTUBHF
BQBZMPBEBEBQUFS


BOEBQBZMPBEGBJSJOH5IFWFIJDMFNBZBMTPFNQMPZBDPNCJOBUJPOPGTPMJE

CPPTUFSTUPTVQQMFNFOUUISVTU5IF)**"VTFTUXPTPMJESPDLFUCPPTUFST


BOEUIF)**"VTFTGPVSTPMJESPDLFUCPPTUFST5IF)**#GFBUVSFTBMBSHFmSTU

TUBHFQPXFSFECZUXP-&"FOHJOFTBOETVQQMFNFOUFECZGPVSMJRVJESPDLFU

CPPTUFSTBOEBTFDPOETUBHFQPXFSFECZBO-&#FOHJOF

5IF)**"IBTMBVODIFEUJNFTTJODF
XJUIGBJMVSF5IF)**#
XIJDI

MBVODIFT)57NJTTJPOT
IBTIBEUISFFTVDDFTTGVMMBVODIFTTJODF#PUI

WFIJDMFTMBVODIGSPNUIF:PTIJOPCV-BVODI$PNQMFYBUUIF5BOFHBTIJNB4QBDF

$FOUFS5IF)**"VTFT1BE-":
BOEUIF)**#VTFT1BE-":

(SVLORQODXQFKYHKLFOH

Image credit: JAXA Epsilon: 2012 Highlights

Development of the Epsilon continued through 2012, with tests for acoustic 

measurements on a mock-up of the planned launch site and various integration 

tests for the third stage and second stage motors.

H-IIA/B: 2012 Highlights

One H-IIA and one H-IIB successfully launched in 2012. The H-IIA mission carried 

($0.8
"SJSBOH	,0.14"5

4%4
BOE)PSZV5IF)**#nJHIUDBSSJFE

)57UPUIF*44
BMPOHXJUIBOBTTPSUNFOUPGNJDSPTBUFMMJUFT *O4FQUFNCFS
+"9"

BOE.)*BHSFFEUPQSJWBUJ[FMBVODITFSWJDFTPGUIF)**#+"9"XJMMDPOUJOVFUPCF

responsible for safety operations.

H-IIA launch vehicle

Image credit: Mitsubishi 

Heavy Industries
21

Orbital Launch Vehicles

Sea Launch: Zenit 3

5IF;FOJUWFIJDMFJTNBOVGBDUVSFECZ:V[IOPZFBOEMBVODIFECZ

4FB-BVODI4FB-BVODI"(
IFBERVBSUFSFEJO4XJU[FSMBOE
JTB

DPOHMPNFSBUFFOUJUZXJUIGPVSNBKPSDPNQPOFOUQSPWJEFST3VTTJBO

	34$&OFSHJB

6LSBJOJBO	:V[IOPZF:V[INBTI

/PSXFHJBO	"LFS

4PMVUJPOT

BOE6OJUFE4UBUFT	#PFJOH


5IF;FOJU4-JTBUISFFTUBHFWFIJDMF:V[IOPZFQSPWJEFTCPUIUIFmSTU

BOETFDPOETUBHFT
XIJDIBSFQPXFSFECZUIF3%.BOEUIF

3%FOHJOFT
SFTQFDUJWFMZ"TQFDJBMMZNPEJmFE#MPDL%.UIJSE

TUBHFJTTVQQMJFECZ41,PSPMFW3PDLFUBOE4QBDF$PSQPSBUJPO&OFSHJB	3,,

&OFSHJB
#PFJOHQSPWJEFTUIFQBZMPBEGBJSJOH5IF;FOJU4-#JTBNPEFSOJ[FE

WFSTJPOPGUIFUXPTUBHF;FOJU-BOE-BVODI
BTVCTJEJBSZPG4FB-BVODI


NBSLFUTUIF;FOJU4-#
XIJDIGFBUVSFTB#MPDL%.UIJSETUBHF-BOE-BVODI

BMTPNBSLFUTUIF;FOJU4-#
UIFUXPTUBHFWFSTJPOPGUIF;FOJU4-#

4FB-BVODIT;FOJU4-IBTMBVODIFEUJNFTTJODF*UMBVODIFTGSPN

the OdysseyQMBUGPSN
BTJHOJmDBOUMZNPEJmFENPCJMFPJMQMBUGPSNQSPWJEFECZ

/PSXBZT,WBFSOFS5IFQMBUGPSNTBJMTUPUIF$FOUSBM1BDJmDXJUIUIFDPOUSPMTIJQ

Commander
XIFSFUIFFRVBUPSJBMMBUJUVEFQSPWJEFTNBYJNVNCFOFmUGPS(50

CPVOEQBZMPBET5IF-BOE-BVODI4-#IBTIBEmWFTVDDFTTGVMMBVODIFTGSPN

-$BUUIF#BJLPOVS,PTNPESPNF

Zenit 3: 2012 Highlights

4FB-BVODIDPOEVDUFEUISFFTVDDFTTGVMnJHIUTPGUIF;FOJU4-EVSJOH


MBVODIJOH*OUFMTBU
*OUFMTBU
BOE&VUFMTBU#UP(50

=HQLW6/ODXQFK

YHKLFOHRQWKH2G\VVH\

SODWIRUP

Image credit: Sea 

Launch
)HGHUDO$YLDWLRQ$GPLQLVWUDWLRQҋV2IÀFHRI&RPPHUFLDO6SDFH7UDQVSRUWDWLRQ

22

OTHER NON-U.S. ORBITAL LAUNCH VEHICLES IN DEVELOPMENT

Vehicle Manufacturer Anticipated 

Introduction Year Description

-POH.BSDI



and 7

$IJOB"DBEFNZ

PG-BVODI7FIJDMF

5FDIOPMPHZ	$"-5


BOE4IBOHIBJ

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4QBDFnJHIU

5FDIOPMPHZ	4"45




5IFOFXFTUHFOFSBUJPOPG-POH.BSDIWFIJDMFTXJMM

GFBUVSFTFWFSBMWBSJBOUTCBTFEPOJOUFSDIBOHFBCMF

MJRVJEGVFMFETUBHFT5IF-POH.BSDIJTB

IFBWZMJGUWFSTJPOGFBUVSJOHBDPSFTUBHFBOE

DPNCJOBUJPOTPGTUSBQPOCPPTUFSTCBTFEPOUIF

DPSFTPG-POH.BSDIPS*UXJMMMBVODIGSPN

UIFOFX8FODIBOH4BUFMMJUF-BVODI$FOUFSPO

)BJOBO*TMBOE5IF-POH.BSDIJTBUISFFTUBHF


TNBMMDMBTTWFIJDMF5IFmSTUTUBHFPGUIJTWFIJDMF

XJMMCFBOPQUJPOBMTUSBQPOMJRVJETUBHFGPSUIF

-POH.BSDI5IF-POH.BSDIJTBUISFFTUBHF


NFEJVNDMBTTWFIJDMFGFBUVSJOHBDPSFmSTUTUBHF

BOEPQUJPOBMTUSBQPOMJRVJECPPTUFSTCBTFEPOUIF

-POH.BSDI*UXJMMMJLFMZSFQMBDFUIF-POH.BSDI

'GPSIVNBONJTTJPOT

5TZLMPO :V[IOPZF%FTJHO

0GmDF 

5IF#SB[JMJBO4QBDF"HFODZTJHOFEBOBHSFFNFOU

XJUIUIF6LSBJOJBO4QBDF"HFODZUPTVQQPSU

EFWFMPQNFOUPGUIF5TZLMPO#BTFEPOUIF

5TZLMPO
UIF5TZLMPOJTBUISFFTUBHF
NFEJVN

DMBTTMBVODIWFIJDMF*UJTCFJOHEFWFMPQFECZ

"MDÉOUBSB$ZDMPOF4QBDF	"$4

BKPJOUFGGPSU

CFUXFFO#SB[JMBOE6LSBJOF*UXJMMMBVODIGSPN

#SB[JMT"MDÉOUBSBMBVODITJUF

"OHBSB

,ISVOJDIFW4UBUF

3FTFBSDIBOE

1SPEVDUJPO4QBDF

$FOUFS



4JODF
UIF"OHBSBIBTCFFOBOFGGPSUUP

QSPEVDFNPEVMBSMBVODIWFIJDMFTXJUIB$$#

VTJOH-09BOELFSPTFOFBTQSPQFMMBOUTBOE

QPXFSFECZBO3%FOHJOF5XPTNBMMDMBTT

"OHBSBWFSTJPOTXJMMVTFPOF$$#
BNFEJVN

DMBTT"OHBSBXJMMVTFUISFF
UIFIFBWZDMBTT

"OHBSB"XJMMVTFmWF
BOEUIFIFBWZDMBTT

"OHBSB"XJMMVTFTFWFO$$#T5IFWFIJDMFTXJMM

BMTPVTF#SFF[F,.BOE#SFF[F.VQQFSTUBHFT

"O"OHBSBJTFYQFDUFEUPnZGSPN1MFTFUTLJO


XJUISFHVMBSnJHIUTGSPNUIFSFBOE7PTUPDIOZ

TPPOBGUFS

Table 4. Other Non-U.S. Orbital Launch Vehicles in Development
23

&RPPHUFLDO6SDFH7UDQVSRUWDWLRQ&RPSHQGLXP)HEUXDU\

SUBORBITAL REUSABLE VEHICLES

6XERUELWDOUHXVDEOHYHKLFOHVFDUU\KXPDQVFDUJRRUERWKWRWKHHGJHRIVSDFH7KHVH

YHKLFOHVSULPDULO\WDUJHWPDUNHWVLQVFLHQFHDQGWHFKQRORJ\UHVHDUFKDQGVSDFHWRXULVP

2Q-XQH9LUJLQ*DODFWLFFRQGXFWHGD6SDFH6KLS7ZRJOLGH

ÁLJKWWHVWDQGURFNHWPRWRUÀULQJRQWKHVDPHGD\

Image credit: Virgin Galactic
)HGHUDO$YLDWLRQ$GPLQLVWUDWLRQҋV2IÀFHRI&RPPHUFLDO6SDFH7UDQVSRUWDWLRQ

24

4VCPSCJUBMSFVTBCMFWFIJDMFT	437T
BSFDSFBUJOHBOFXTQBDFnJHIUJOEVTUSZ

437TBSFDPNNFSDJBMMZEFWFMPQFESFVTBCMFTQBDFWFIJDMFTUIBUUSBWFMKVTU

CFZPOEUIFUISFTIPMEPGTQBDF
BCPVULJMPNFUFST	NJMFT
BCPWFUIF&BSUI

8IJMFUSBWFMJOHUISPVHITQBDF
UIFWFIJDMFTFYQFSJFODFCFUXFFOPOFUPmWF

NJOVUFTPGNJDSPHSBWJUZBOEQSPWJEFDMFBSWJFXTPGUIF&BSUIBOETUBST$VSSFOUMZ

QMBOOFEWFIJDMFTDBODBSSZ_LJMPHSBNT	_
QPVOET
PGDBSHP
TPNF

XJMMDBSSZQFPQMF
BOETPNFXJMMCFBCMFUPMBVODIWFSZTNBMMTBUFMMJUFT5IF

DPNQBOJFTEFWFMPQJOH437TUZQJDBMMZUBSHFUBIJHInJHIUSBUFBOESFMBUJWFMZMPX

DPTU$VSSFOUUJDLFUQSJDFTWBSZCFUXFFO
UP
QFSTFBU5IFTF

WFIJDMFTIBWFQSFEPNJOBOUMZQSJWBUFJOWFTUNFOUBTXFMMBTTPNFHPWFSONFOU

TVQQPSUUPFODPVSBHFUIFEFWFMPQNFOUBOENBSLFUPG437T

5IJTXBTBZFBSPGHBJOJOHNPNFOUVNGPS437T5IFUIJSEBOOVBM/FYU

(FOFSBUJPO4VCPSCJUBM3FTFBSDIFST$POGFSFODFXBTIFME'FCSVBSZ
JO

1BMP"MUP
$BMJGPSOJB
XJUIEPVCMFUIFBUUFOEFFTBOETQPOTPSTPGUIFQSFWJPVT

ZFBS0O0DUPCFS
BU/FX.FYJDPT4QBDFQPSU"NFSJDB
"SNBEJMMP"FSPTQBDFT

45*(#WFIJDMFNBEFUIFmSTU'""MJDFOTFETVCPSCJUBMMBVODIGSPN4QBDFQPSU

"NFSJDB#MVF0SJHJO
.BTUFO4QBDF4ZTUFNT
BOE61"FSPTQBDFBMMDPOEVDUFE

UFTUTPGUIFJSWFIJDMFTVOEFSBNBUFVSSPDLFUSFHVMBUJPOT4DBMFE$PNQPTJUFT

DPOEVDUFETFWFOVOQPXFSFEnJHIUUFTUTPG4QBDF4IJQ5XPVOEFSBO'""

FYQFSJNFOUBMBJSXPSUIJOFTTDFSUJmDBUF

Operator SRV Seats*

Maximum 

Cargo 

kg (lb)

Price Announced 

Operational Date

Armadillo 

"FSPTQBDF

45*(#

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 /PUBOOPVODFE /PUBOOPVODFE

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9BFSP

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/PUBOOPVODFE

/PUBOOPVODFE

/PUBOOPVODFE

61"FSPTQBDF 4QBDF-PGU9-  	
 
QFSMBVODI 	BDUVBM


7JSHJO(BMBDUJD 4QBDF4IJQ5XP  	

 
QFSTFBU 

9$03

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QFr seat


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GPSTNBMMTBU

MBVODI







Table 5. SRVs and Providers

1BTTFOHFSTPOMZTFWFSBMWFIJDMFTBSFQJMPUFE

/FUPGQBZMPBEJOGSBTUSVDUVSF
25

Suborbital Reusable Vehicles

$UPDGLOOR$HURVSDFH67,*DQG+\SHULRQ

"SNBEJMMP"FSPTQBDF
GPVOEFECZ$&0+PIO$BSNBDL
JTEFWFMPQJOHUXP437T

UIF4VCPSCJUBM5SBOTQPSU*OFSUJBMMZ(VJEFE	45*(
SPDLFU	OPUDSFXFE
BOEUIF

)ZQFSJPO	DSFXFE
5IF45*(GBNJMZPGWFIJDMFTBSFWFSUJDBMUBLFPGG
WFSUJDBM

MBOEJOH	757-
TVCPSCJUBMWFIJDMFT
XJUIQBSBDIVUFTGPSMBOEJOH5IF45*(#JT

BMBSHFSWFSTJPOPGUIF45*("WFIJDMFBOEJTDBQBCMFPGMBVODIJOHLJMPHSBNT

	QPVOE
QBZMPBETUPBOBMUJUVEFPGLJMPNFUFST	NJMFT


5IF)ZQFSJPOJTBMTPB757-WFIJDMF*UJTDBQBCMFPGDBSSZJOHQBZMPBETPG

BQQSPYJNBUFMZLJMPHSBNT	QPVOET
PSUXPQBTTFOHFSTUPBOBMUJUVEFPG

LJMPNFUFST5IFDVSSFOUBEWFSUJTFEDPTUJT
QFSTFBU
BOEPWFS

SFTFSWBUJPOTIBWFCFFONBEFUISPVHI4QBDF"EWFOUVSFT5IFWFIJDMFJTOPU

QJMPUFEJUJTGVMMZBVUPOPNPVT"SNBEJMMP"FSPTQBDFTMBVODITJUFJT4QBDFQPSU

"NFSJDB

%OXH2ULJLQ1HZ6KHSDUG

#MVF0SJHJOJTEFWFMPQJOHB757-WFIJDMFOBNFENew ShepardNew Shepard 

XJMMDBSSZBQQSPYJNBUFMZLJMPHSBNT	QPVOET
PGQBZMPBENBTTPSUISFFPS

NPSFDSFXUPBOBMUJUVEFPGLJMPNFUFST	NJMFT
4FQBSBUFQSPQVMTJPOBOE

DSFXNPEVMFTXJMMMBVODIUPHFUIFSUIFQSPQVMTJPONPEVMFXJMMTFQBSBUFBOEMBOE

BVUPOPNPVTMZXJUIBSPDLFUQPXFSFEWFSUJDBMMBOEJOH
XIJMFUIFDSFXNPEVMFXJMM

MBOEXJUIQBSBDIVUFT

5IFDPNQBOZXBTGPVOEFEJOCZ+FGG#F[PT
XIPBMTPGPVOEFE

"NB[PODPN#MVF0SJHJOJTIFBERVBSUFSFEJO8BTIJOHUPO4UBUF
BOEUIF

DPNQBOZT8FTU5FYBT-BVODI4JUFJTOFBS7BO)PSO
5FYBT

$YLGHRVWLOOIURP67,*$

ÁLJKWLQ-DQXDU\

near apogee.

Image credit: Armadillo 

Aerospace

Armadillo Aerospace: 2012 Highlights

*O+BOVBSZ
"SNBEJMMP"FSPTQBDFMBVODIFEUIF45*("SPDLFUUPCFUXFFOBOE

LJMPNFUFST	BOENJMFT
BMUJUVEF)PXFWFS
EVFUPBSFDPWFSZTZTUFNGBJMVSF

EVSJOHEFTDFOU
UIFSPDLFUXBTEFTUSPZFE*O+VMZ
UIFDPNQBOZSFDFJWFEBO'""

TVCPSCJUBMSFVTBCMFMBVODIPQFSBUPSMJDFOTFGPSJUT45*(#SPDLFU

"SNBEJMMP"FSPTQBDFMBVODIFEUIF45*(#GSPN4QBDFQPSU"NFSJDBPO0DUPCFS

5IJTXBT"SNBEJMMP"FSPTQBDFTmSTUMJDFOTFEMBVODIBOEBMTPUIFmSTUMJDFOTFE

MBVODIGSPN4QBDFQPSU"NFSJDB5IFMBVODIFYQFSJFODFEBOJOnJHIUBCPSUBOEEJE

not reach the planned altitude, but the vehicle was successfully recovered. The 

vehicle also successfully launched on November 4.

Blue Origin: 2012 Highlights

0O0DUPCFS
#MVF0SJHJOQFSGPSNFEUIFmSTUUFTUPGUIFDPNQBOZTTVCPSCJUBM

Crew Capsule escape system. The “pusher escape system” reached an altitude of 


GFFU	NFUFST
BOEUIFOMBOEFETPGUMZVTJOHBQBSBDIVUF

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Capsule escape system 

WHVWLQ2FWREHU

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26

0DVWHQ6SDFH6\VWHPV;DHURDQG;RJGRU

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MPDBUFEJO.PKBWF
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instead of 

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Max altitude LN LN

Flight Duration UPNJOVUFT TBA

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Image credit: Masten 

Space Systems

UP Aerospace: 2012 Highlights

5IFTJYUI4QBDF-PGUMBVODIXBTPO"QSJM4QBDF-PGUDBSSJFEQBZMPBETGPSUIF

0QFSBUJPOBMMZ3FTQPOTJWF4QBDFPGmDFJOUIF%P%4QBDF-PGUBMTPnFXUIF

4VCPSCJUBM'MJHIU&OWJSPONFOU.POJUPS
UIFmSTUTQBDFnPXOQBZMPBEGPS/"4"T

Flight Opportunities Program.

/DXQFKRI6SDFH/RIW

on April 5, 2012.

Image credit: NASA
27

Suborbital Reusable Vehicles

9LUJLQ*DODFWLF6SDFH6KLS7ZR

7JSHJO(BMBDUJDXBTGPVOEFEJOCZ4JS3JDIBSE

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BMMPXJOH

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Virgin Galactic: 2012 Highlights

5ISPVHIPVU
7JSHJO(BMBDUJDDPOUJOVFEEFWFMPQJOH4QBDF4IJQ5XP*O

'FCSVBSZ
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tests of RocketMotorTwo were conducted in 2012. In May, the FAA granted Scaled 

$PNQPTJUFTBOFYQFSJNFOUBMMBVODIQFSNJU*O+VOF
HMJEFUFTUTPG4QBDF4IJQ5XP

commenced after a hiatus since September 2011. According to Scaled 

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SpaceShipTwo, 

December 2012

Image credit: Scaled 

Composites

Commercial Space Highlights: NanoRacks LLC

NanoRacks offers two permanently installed research platforms on the ISS for 

commercial and educational use. In 2012, NanoRacks announced the development 

PGJUT&YUFSOBM1MBUGPSN1SPHSBN	&11

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28

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XCOR Aerospace: 2012 Highlights

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in February that it completed a Series A round of equity funding totaling $5 million. 

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w

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Memorandum of Understanding for training services. 

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DPNQPOFOUTPGUIF-ZOY"5,XJMMCFUIF-ZOY.BSL*XJOHEFUBJMFEEFTJHOCVJME

contractor, FiberDyne Advanced Composites will manufacture the wing strake 

assemblies, and AdamWorks will manufacture the cockpit.

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Lynx Mark III suborbital 

vehicle with dorsal pod 

payload.

,PDJHFUHGLW;&25

Aerospace
29

Suborbital Reusable Vehicles

Table 7. Other Suborbital Vehicles in Development

OTHER SUBORBITAL VEHICLES IN DEVELOPMENT

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#PPTUFS4QBDF*OEVTUSJFT
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Operator / Vehicle Remarks Vehicle Details

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This page intentionally left blank.

30
31

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ON-ORBIT VEHICLES AND PLATFORMS

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ZLWK1$6$

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to dock a spacecraft to the ISS.

Image credit: NASA
32

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Operator Vehicle Launch Vehicle Maximum Cargo 

kg (lb)

0D[LPXP&UHZ

6L]H First Flight

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Atlas V

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Operator Platform On-Orbit 

Vehicle

Maximum 

Volume 

m3 (ft3)

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6L]H First Flight

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  TBD

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 TBD 

Table 8. On-Orbit Vehicles and Platforms
33

On-Orbit Vehicles and Platforms

SpaceX: Dragon

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SpaceX: 2012 Highlights

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the vehicle ready for transporting cargo to and from the ISS. In October, Dragon 

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safely return ISS cargo to Earth. Dragon completed splashdown and was recovered 

on October 28. It is the only operational spacecraft in the world capable of retrieving 

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splashdown into the 

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Image credit: SpaceX

Three complete Cygnus 

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34

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Boeing: CST-100

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Sierra Nevada Corporation: Dream Chaser

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QSPQFMMBOU*UTEFTJHOEFSJWFTGSPN/"4"T)-FYQFSJNFOUBM

BJSDSBGUDPODFQU%SFBN$IBTFSXJMMMBVODIWFSUJDBMMZPOBO"UMBT7

MBVODIWFIJDMF
NBOFVWFSJO-&0
EPDLUPUIF*44
QSPWJEFBMPXH

SFFOUSZ	(T

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SVOXBZ5IFPOCPBSEQSPQVMTJPOTZTUFNJTEFSJWFEGSPN4/$T

4QBDF4IJQ0OFBOE4QBDF4IJQ5XPIZCSJESPDLFUNPUPSUFDIOPMPHZ%SFBN

$IBTFSXJMMDPNQMFUFJUTmSTUGSFFnJHIUUFTUJOFBSMZ

Boeing: 2012 Highlights

Boeing completed several major tests of CST-100 this year. In May, CST-100 

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NFUFS	


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$45QFSGPSNFEBOPUIFSQBSBDIVUF

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1SBUU

& Whitney Rocketdyne completed a series of tests on a thruster for CST-100. In 

August, Boeing completed a jettison test of CST-100’s forward heat shield, which 

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water drop tests and a safety review of CST-100’s total system design. 

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Chaser.

Image credit: Sierra 

Nevada

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Image credit: Boeing

Orbital: 2012 Highlights

Orbital conducted various tests and reviews to prepare the Cygnus module for a 

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BOFOEUPFOEUFTU


joint avionics software validation testing, and a safety hazard assessment for the 

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0SCJUBMOFBSMZmOJTIFEQSPEVDUJPO

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XBTEFMJWFSFEUPUIFMBVODITJUFBU8''
35

On-Orbit Vehicles and Platforms

Blue Origin: Space Vehicle

#MVF0SJHJOT4QBDF7FIJDMFJTBSFVTBCMF
CJDPOJDTIBQFEWFIJDMFEFTJHOFEUP

DBSSZVQUPTFWFODSFX
DBSHP
PSBDPNCJOBUJPOPGDSFXBOEDBSHPUPBOEGSPN

-&04QBDF7FIJDMFXJMMJOJUJBMMZMBVODIPOBO"UMBT7
CVU#MVF0SJHJOJTBMTP

EFWFMPQJOHBSFVTBCMFmSTUTUBHFCPPTUFSUPMPGUUIFDBQTVMFJOUIFGVUVSF4QBDF

7FIJDMFXJMMVTFQBSBDIVUFTUPMBOEPOMBOE

([FDOLEXU$OPD]$OPD]5HXVDEOH5HWXUQ9HKLFOH

&YDBMJCVS"MNB[JTEFWFMPQJOHBDBSHPNPEVMFBOETFSWJDFNPEVMFCBTFEPO

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SFVTBCMFVQUPUJNFT&YDBMJCVS"MNB[BMTPQMBOTUPEFWFMPQTQBDFTUBUJPOT


UPQSPWJEFQMBUGPSNTGPSNJDSPHSBWJUZSFTFBSDIBOEBTEFTUJOBUJPOTGPSFYQMPSBUJPO

NJTTJPOT"MUIPVHI/"4"IBTOPUBXBSEFEUIFDPNQBOZBOZGVOEJOHGPSUIF

EFWFMPQNFOUPGUIFTFWFIJDMFT
/"4"BOE&YDBMJCVS"MNB[IBWFDPMMBCPSBUFE

UISPVHIBOVOGVOEFE4""GSPNUIF$$%FWQSPHSBN

Sierra Nevada: 2012 Highlights

*O.BZ
%SFBN$IBTFSDPNQMFUFEJUTmSTUDBQUJWFDBSSZEFNPOTUSBUJPO
XIFO

an Erickson Air-Crane helicopter lifted the full-scale spacecraft to verify proper 

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%SFBN$IBTFSBMTPDPNQMFUFE

UXPPGJUTOJOF$PNNFSDJBM$SFX*OUFHSBUFE$BQBCJMJUZ	$$J$BQ
NJMFTUPOFTB

program implementation plan review detailing the system’s planned tests and 

activities, and an integrated system baseline review, which covered the Atlas V 

launch vehicle, ground and mission systems, and the Dream Chaser spacecraft.

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Crew Pressure Vessel

Image credit: Blue 

2ULJLQ

Blue Origin: 2012 Highlights

In October, Blue Origin performed a successful pad escape test of Space Vehicle, 

as part of its CCDev2 contract with NASA. Blue Origin also completed Space 

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DIBNCFSGPSJUTOFXLJMPOFXUPOT	
QPVOEGPSDF
#&-09-)FOHJOF

([FDOLEXU$OPD]+LJKOLJKWV

*O+VOF
&YDBMJCVS"MNB[CFDBNFUIFmSTU$$%FWQBSUJDJQBOUUPDPNQMFUFBMM

PGJUTNJMFTUPOFT%VSJOHUIFQBSUOFSTIJQ
&YDBMJCVS"MNB[BOE/"4"SFWJFXFEUIF

design of the new RRV, its system requirements, and its compatibility with launch 

vehicle alternatives. 

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RI([FDOLEXU$OPD]ҋV

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transportation.

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Almaz
36

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DVCJD

GFFU

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PUIFSJOnBUBCMFNPEVMFTUPDSFBUFBMBSHFSTQBDFTUBUJPOTUSVDUVSF

5IFEFTJHOPG#"EFSJWFTGSPN/"4"TJOnBUBCMFUSBOTJUIBCJUBUT

QSPKFDU
5SBOT)BC#JHFMPX"FSPTQBDFCFHBOXPSLJOHPOUIFQSPKFDU

XIFOJUXBTGPVOEFEJO*OBEEJUJPOUPMBVODIJOHBNPEVMFGPS

/"4"
#JHFMPXJOUFOETUPEFQMPZ#"TGPSQSJWBUFJOWFTUPSTXIFO

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module prototypes, 

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today.

Image credit: Bigelow 

Aerospace

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*O.BZ
#JHFMPX"FSPTQBDFBOE4QBDF9BHSFFEUPDPOEVDUBKPJOUNBSLFUJOHFGGPSU

to international customers, offering rides on the Dragon spacecraft, launched on a 

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/"4"BXBSEFEBNJMMJPODPOUSBDUUP#JHFMPX"FSPTQBDF

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UIF#JHFMPX&YQBOEBCMF"DUJWJUZ

.PEVMF	#&".

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CRS mission, currently planned for 2015, and will remain installed on the ISS for 

two years. During that time, ISS crew members, ground-based engineers, and 

instruments inside BEAM will gather data on the module’s structural integrity, leak 

rate, radiation levels, and temperature changes.

Commercial Space Highlights: Space Adventures

4JODF
UIJTDPNQBOZIBTBSSBOHFEQSJWBUFTQBDFnJHIUBOETQBDFUPVSJTN


JODMVEJOHFJHIUnJHIUTPO4PZV[WFIJDMFTUPUIF*44GPSTFWFOQSJWBUFDJUJ[FOT*O

0DUPCFS
4QBDF"EWFOUVSFTBOOPVODFEUIFOFYUTQBDFnJHIUQBSUJDJQBOUUP

visit the ISS will be Sarah Brightman, a recording artist and the world’s biggest 

selling Soprano.
37

&RPPHUFLDO6SDFH7UDQVSRUWDWLRQ&RPSHQGLXP)HEUXDU\

LAUNCH SITES

Launch sites are sites dedicated to launching orbital or suborbital vehicles into space. 

)$$$67OLFHQVHVFRPPHUFLDOODXQFKDQGUHHQWU\VLWHVLQWKH8QLWHG6WDWHV

2Q2FWREHU6SDFHSRUW$PHULFDKRVWHGLWVÀUVW)$$OLFHQVHG

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Image credit: Spaceport America
)HGHUDO$YLDWLRQ$GPLQLVWUDWLRQҋV2IÀFHRI&RPPHUFLDO6SDFH7UDQVSRUWDWLRQ

38

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DPNQPOFOUT
GVFMBOENBJOUBJOWFIJDMFT
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MBVODISBOHF
XIJDIUZQJDBMMZJODMVEFTUSBDLJOHBOEUFMFNFUSZBTTFUT5IFTF

SBOHFBTTFUTNPOJUPSUIFWFIJDMFTQFSGPSNBODFVOUJMJUTBGFMZEFMJWFSTBQBZMPBE

JOUPPSCJUPSSFUVSOTUP&BSUI5SBDLJOHBOEUFMFNFUSZBTTFUTNBZBMTPGBDJMJUBUF

SFDPWFSZPGSFVTBCMFTUBHFT

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+BOVBSZ
'"""45JTTVFEFJHIUMBVODITJUFPQFSBUPSMJDFOTFT5IFUBCMF

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PGUFODBMMFETQBDFQPSUT
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GFEFSBMBOEOPOGFEFSBMMBVODITJUFTJOUIF6OJUFE4UBUFT

Launch Site Operator State License 

First Issued Expires

$BMJGPSOJB4QBDFQPSU 4QBDFQPSU4ZTUFNT

*OUFSOBUJPOBM $BMJGPSOJB  4FQ

.JE"UMBOUJD3FHJPOBM

4QBDFQPSU 7JSHJOJB$PNNFSDJBM4QBDF'MJHIU"VUIPSJUZ 7JSHJOJB  %FD

,PEJBL-BVODI

$PNQMFY "MBTLB"FSPTQBDF $PSQPSBUJPO "MBTLB  4FQ

$BQF$BOBWFSBM

4QBDFQPSU 4QBDF'MPSJEB Florida  +VO

.PKBWF"JSBOE4QBDF

1PSU &BTU,FSO"JSQPSU%JTUSJDU $BMJGPSOJB  +VO

0LMBIPNB4QBDFQPSU 0LMBIPNB4QBDF*OEVTUSZ

%FWFMPQNFOU"VUIPSJUZ 0LMBIPNB  +VO

4QBDFQPSU"NFSJDB /FX.FYJDP4QBDFQPSU

"VUIPSJUZ /FX.FYJDP  %FD

$FDJM'JFME4QBDFQPSU +BDLTPOWJMMF"WJBUJPO

"VUIPSJUZ Florida  +BO

Table 9. FAA-licensed Commercial Launch Sites

2012 Highlights

4JHOJmDBOUFWFOUTGPS64MBVODITJUFTJOJOWPMWFEOFXGVOEJOH
OFXBOE

renewed licensing, and new construction. In September, FAA AST awarded nearly 


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(SBOUTUPUIF&BTU

,FSO"JSQPSU%JTUSJDUJO$BMJGPSOJBUIF'SPOU3BOHF"JSQPSU"VUIPSJUZJO$PMPSBEP

and the Hawaii Department of Business, Economic Development and Tourism. In 

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"SNBEJMMP"FSPTQBDFT45*(#WFIJDMFNBEFUIFmSTU'""MJDFOTFEMBVODI

GSPN/FX.FYJDPT4QBDFQPSU"NFSJDB*O%FDFNCFS
UIF7JSHJOJB$PNNFSDJBM

Space Flight Authority received a license renewal for operation of the Mid-Atlantic 

3FHJPOBM4QBDFQPSU	."34
UISPVHI$POTUSVDUJPOPGUIF"OUBSFTQBEBU

MARS was also completed in 2012. 
39

Launch Sites

'""MJDFOTFEMBVODIBOESFFOUSZTJUFTBSFPGUFODPMPDBUFEXJUIGFEFSBM

MPDBUJPOT
JODMVEJOH$$"'4JO'MPSJEB
7"'#JO$BMJGPSOJB
BOE8''JO7JSHJOJB

0GUIFBDUJWFMBVODIBOESFFOUSZTJUFT
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TUBUF

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JOEVTUSZ
BOEBVOJWFSTJUZNBOBHFT'PVSTJUFTBSFEFEJDBUFEUPPSCJUBM

MBVODIBDUJWJUZ
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UIFSFBSFUISFFTJUFTXIFSFJOEJWJEVBMDPNQBOJFT

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PXOFECZUIFDPNQBOZUIBUMBVODIFTGSPNJU5IF0EZTTFZ-BVODI1MBUGPSN

Figure 1. Launch Sites in the United States

California Spaceport

Vandenberg AFB

0RMDYH$LUDQG6SDFH3RUW

(GZDUGV$)%

Kodiak Launch Complex

White Sands 

Missile Range

Spaceport America

Cape Canaveral Spaceport

.HQQHG\6SDFH&HQWHU

Cape Canaveral AFS

Mid-Atlantic Regional Spaceport

:DOORSV)OLJKW)DFLOLW\

Oklahoma Spaceport

Van Dorn

(Blue Origin Test Site)

Sea Launch Odyssey3ODWIRUP(TXDWRULDO3DFLÀF2FHDQ

5RQDOG5HDJDQ%DOOLVWLF0LVVLOH7HVW6LWH.ZDMDOHLQ$WROO

Non-Federal Launch Site

Federal Launch Site

Sole Site Operator 

(FAA License or Permit)

Cecil Field Spaceport

KEY

3DFLÀF0LVVLOH

5DQJH)DFLOLW\
)HGHUDO$YLDWLRQ$GPLQLVWUDWLRQҋV2IÀFHRI&RPPHUFLDO6SDFH7UDQVSRUWDWLRQ

40

Table 10. U.S. Active Launch and Reentry Sites

Launch Site Operator State/

&RXQWU\ 7\SHRI Launch Site

7\SHRI

Launches 

Supported

&XUUHQWO\

Available for 

Commercial 

Operations

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$BQF$BOBWFSBM

4QBDFQPSU 4QBDF'MPSJEB Florida $PNNFSDJBM 0SCJUBM4VCPSCJUBM :FT

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,FOOFEZ4QBDF

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41

Launch Sites

FYDMVTJWFMZTVQQPSUT4FB-BVODIT;FOJU4-WFIJDMFTPOUIF$FOUSBM1BDJmD

0DFBO4QBDF9DPOEVDUTnJHIUUFTUTPGJUT(SBTTIPQQFSWFIJDMFBUJUT.D(SFHPS


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5FYBT

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TUBHFTPGEFWFMPQNFOU
TVNNBSJ[FEJOUIFUBCMFCFMPX

4QFDJmDEFUBJMTGPSMBVODIBOESFFOUSZTJUFTJOUIF64BSFMPDBUFEJOUIF

"QQFOEJYTFDUJPO

Proposed 

Launch Site/

Spaceport Operator State Status

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DPOEVDUJOHDPNNFSDJBMMBVODIFT

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'SPOU3BOHF

4QBDFQPSU 'SPOU3BOHF"JSQPSU"VUIPSJUZ $PMPSBEP

5IJTQSPQPTFETVCPSCJUBMTQBDFQPSUJTMPDBUFEKVTU

FBTUPGUIF%FOWFSNFUSPQPMJUBOBSFB'"""45

BXBSEFEUIF4UBUFPG$PMPSBEPB45*.HSBOUGPSBO

FOWJSPONFOUBMBTTFTTNFOUJOQSFQBSBUJPOGPSUIF

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4QBDFQPSU

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MBVODITJUFMJDFOTFCFDBNFMBXPO+VMZ


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UIFMBVODITJUFBQQMJDBUJPOQSPDFTT

5JUVTWJMMF$PDPB

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5JUVTWJMMF$PDPB

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8FTU5FYBT

4QBDFQPSU

1FDPT$PVOUZ

8FTU5FYBT

4QBDFQPSU

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#MVF

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1FDPT$PVOUZ8FTU5FYBT4QBDFQPSU%FWFMPQNFOU

$PSQPSBUJPOTFBUSFNBJOTBDUJWFPOUIFDPVOUZ

CPBSE

Table 11. Proposed Launch and Reentry Sites in the United States
This page intentionally left blank.

42
43

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COMMERCIAL VENTURES BEYOND EARTH 

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chamber.

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44

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46
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REGULATION AND POLICY

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Table 12. FAA AST License Activity in 2012
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Table 13. Other FAA AST Regulatory Activity in 2012

Experimental Permit

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52

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Table 14. Active NOAA Licensees

Department of State 

Directorate of Defense 

Trade Controls

Department of Commerce 

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Table 15. U.S. Export Control Regimes
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*O%FDFNCFS
64$POHSFTTQBTTFEUIF'JTDBM:FBS/BUJPOBM

%FGFOTF"VUIPSJ[BUJPO"DU	/%""

XIJDIJODMVEFTQSPWJTJPOTUPSFGPSNUIF

FYQPSUDPOUSPMGSBNFXPSLGPSTBUFMMJUFTBOESFMBUFEJUFNT5IJTBDUSFQFBMTTFDUJPO

	B
PGUIF':4USPN5IVSNPOE/BUJPOBM%FGFOTF"VUIPSJ[BUJPO"DU

5IBUBDUVOJGPSNMZSFHVMBUFETBUFMMJUFTBOESFMBUFEJUFNTBTNVOJUJPOT
DPOUSPMMFE

CZUIF%FQBSUNFOUPG4UBUFT64.-
BOEUIFSFGPSFTVCKFDUUP*OUFSOBUJPOBM5SBGmD

JO"SNT3FHVMBUJPOT	*5"3
4BUFMMJUFTBOESFMBUFEJUFNTNBZOPXSFUVSOUPUIF

$PNNFSDF$POUSPM-JTU5IF641SFTJEFOUIBTUIFBVUIPSJUZUPSFNPWFUIFTF

JUFNTGSPNUIF64.-

STATE REGULATORY ACTIONS

4FWFSBMTUBUFTIBWFQVSTVFEDPNNFSDJBMTQBDFnJHIUMJBCJMJUZJOEFNOJmDBUJPO

MBXT'MPSJEB
5FYBT
BOE7JSHJOJBIBWFQBTTFEMBXTPGGFSJOHTPNF

JOEFNOJmDBUJPOGSPNMBXTVJUTGPSDPNNFSDJBMTQBDFnJHIUQSPWJEFST/FX.FYJDP

QBTTFEUIFi/FX.FYJDP4QBDF'MJHIU*OGPSNFE$POTFOU"DUwJO
BOEJO

FBSMZ
TUBUFMFHJTMBUPSTQSFTFOUFEBSFWJTFECJMMUIBUFYUFOETJOEFNOJmDBUJPO

UPTVQQMJFST

INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION

5IF*OUFSOBUJPOBM5FMFDPNNVOJDBUJPO6OJPO	*56
JTUIF6OJUFE/BUJPOT

TQFDJBMJ[FEBHFODZGPSJOGPSNBUJPOBOEDPNNVOJDBUJPOUFDIOPMPHJFT*UBMMPDBUFT

HMPCBMSBEJPTQFDUSVN
BTTJHOTTBUFMMJUFPSCJUT
BOEBTTJTUTJOUIFEFWFMPQNFOUPG

UFDIOJDBMTUBOEBSETUIBUFOTVSFUFMFDPNNVOJDBUJPOOFUXPSLTBOEUFDIOPMPHJFT

JOUFSDPOOFDU
This page intentionally left blank.

54
55

&RPPHUFLDO6SDFH7UDQVSRUWDWLRQ&RPSHQGLXP)HEUXDU\

FUNDING

0DMRUVRXUFHVRISXEOLFIXQGLQJDQGSXEOLFO\DQQRXQFHGSULYDWHIXQGLQJIRUFRPPHUFLDO

YHKLFOHVDQGVSDFHSRUWVDUHVXPPDUL]HGLQWKLVVHFWLRQ

2Q0D\%RHLQJҋV&67FRPSOHWHG

RQHRILWV&&'HYPLOHVWRQHVZLWKD

SDUDFKXWHGURSWHVWIURPIHHW

Image credit: NASA
)HGHUDO$YLDWLRQ$GPLQLVWUDWLRQҋV2IÀFHRI&RPPHUFLDO6SDFH7UDQVSRUWDWLRQ

56

5IF64DPNNFSDJBMTQBDFUSBOTQPSUBUJPOJOEVTUSZJODMVEFTDPNQBOJFTUIBU

CVJMEBOEPQFSBUFPSCJUBMMBVODIWFIJDMFT
437T
BOEPOPSCJUWFIJDMFTBOE

QMBUGPSNT5IFTFWFIJDMFTMBVODIGSPNDPNNFSDJBMTQBDFQPSUTBOEHPWFSONFOU

MBVODITJUFT.BKPSTPVSDFTPGQVCMJDGVOEJOHBOEQVCMJDMZBOOPVODFEQSJWBUF

GVOEJOHGPSDPNNFSDJBMWFIJDMFTBOETQBDFQPSUTBSFTVNNBSJ[FECFMPX

PUBLIC FUNDING SOURCES

5IF64(PWFSONFOUJTCPUIBDVTUPNFSPGUIFTQBDFUSBOTQPSUBUJPOJOEVTUSZ

BOEBTPVSDFPGJOWFTUNFOU"TBDVTUPNFS
UIF(PWFSONFOUDBOQSPDVSFTQBDF

USBOTQPSUBUJPOTFSWJDFTGPSTBUFMMJUF
DBSHP
BOEFWFOUVBMMZIVNBOTQBDFnJHIU

NJTTJPOT5IFGPMMPXJOHJTBTVNNBSZPGNBKPSTPVSDFTGPSSFDFOUQVCMJDGVOEJOH

GPSDPNNFSDJBMPSCJUBMMBVODIWFIJDMFT
437T
POPSCJUWFIJDMFTBOEQMBUGPSNT


BOETQBDFQPSUT

Space Transportation Infrastructure Matching Grants Program

5IF45*.(SBOUT1SPHSBNXBTFTUBCMJTIFEUPFOTVSFUIFSFTJMJFODZPGUIF

TQBDFUSBOTQPSUBUJPOJOGSBTUSVDUVSFJOUIF6OJUFE4UBUFT-FHJTMBUJPOBVUIPSJ[FT

UIFEJTUSJCVUJPOPGGFEFSBMGVOEJOHJODPOKVODUJPOXJUINBUDIJOHTUBUF
MPDBM

HPWFSONFOU
BOEQSJWBUFGVOET.POFZGSPN45*.HSBOUTDBOCFVTFEGPS

UFDIOJDBMBOEFOWJSPONFOUBMTUVEJFTDPOTUSVDUJPO
JNQSPWFNFOU
BOEEFTJHO

BOEFOHJOFFSJOHPGTQBDFUSBOTQPSUBUJPOJOGSBTUSVDUVSF
JODMVEJOHGBDJMJUJFT

BOEBTTPDJBUFEFRVJQNFOUBOESFBMQSPQFSUZUPNFFUUIFOFFETPGUIF64

DPNNFSDJBMTQBDFUSBOTQPSUBUJPOJOEVTUSZ5IFQSPHSBNmSTUBQQSPQSJBUFEGVOET

JOmTDBMZFBS	':


'"""45BXBSEFEBCPVU
JO45*.HSBOUTJO4FQUFNCFS
"VHVTU


BOE4FQUFNCFS
57

Funding

/DXQFK6LWH$XWKRULW\ State Value <HDURI$ZDUG Purpose

"MBTLB"FSPTQBDF

$PSQPSBUJPO "MBTLB 
 

$POTUSVDUJPOPGBTPMJESPDLFUNPUPS

TUPSBHFGBDJMJUZBU,PEJBL-BVODI

$PNQMFY

&BTU,FSO"JSQPSU

%JTUSJDU $BMJGPSOJB 
 

"DRVJTJUJPOPGBOFNFSHFODZSFTDVF

WFIJDMFCBTFEBU.PKBWF"JSBOE

4QBDF1PSU

+BDLTPOWJMMF"WJBUJPO

"VUIPSJUZ Florida 
  %SBGU$FDJM'JFME4QBDFQPSU.BTUFS1MBO

/FX.FYJDP4QBDFQPSU

"VUIPSJUZ /FX.FYJDP 
 

*OTUBMMBUJPOPGBO"VUPNBUFE

8FBUIFS0CTFSWJOH4ZTUFN	"804


MPDBUFEBU4QBDFQPSU"NFSJDB

7JSHJOJB$PNNFSDJBM

4QBDF'MJHIU"VUIPSJUZ 7JSHJOJB 
  4FDVSJUZBOESFNPUFNPOJUPSJOHJNQSPWFNFOUTBU."34

&BTU,FSO"JSQPSU

%JTUSJDU $BMJGPSOJB 
  %FWFMPQNFOUPGB4VQQMFNFOUBM&OWJSPONFOUBM"TTFTTNFOU

/FX.FYJDP4QBDFQPSU

"VUIPSJUZ /FX.FYJDP 
 

$POTUSVDUJPOPGBNPCJMFTUSVDUVSF

UPQSPDFTTMBVODIWFIJDMFTCFGPSF

MBVODI

&BTU,FSO"JSQPSU

%JTUSJDU $BMJGPSOJB 
 

"DRVJTJUJPOPGTQFDJBMJ[FE

mSFmHIUJOHFRVJQNFOUBU.PKBWF"JS

BOE4QBDF1PSU

'SPOU3BOHF"JSQPSU

"VUIPSJUZ $PMPSBEP 
 

&OWJSPONFOUBMBTTFTTNFOUUP

QSFQBSFGPS'SPOU3BOHF4QBDFQPSU

'""MBVODITJUFBQQMJDBUJPO

)BXBJJ%FQBSUNFOUPG

#VTJOFTT
&DPOPNJD

%FWFMPQNFOUBOE

5PVSJTN

)BXBJJ 
 

&OWJSPONFOUBMBTTFTTNFOUUP

QSFQBSFGPS4QBDFQPSU,BMBFMPB'""

MBVODITJUFBQQMJDBUJPO

Table 16. FAA AST STIM Grants
)HGHUDO$YLDWLRQ$GPLQLVWUDWLRQҋV2IÀFHRI&RPPHUFLDO6SDFH7UDQVSRUWDWLRQ

58

Center of Excellence for Commercial Space Transportation 

$POHSFTTBVUIPSJ[FEUIFFTUBCMJTINFOUPG"JS5SBOTQPSUBUJPO$FOUFSTPG

&YDFMMFODF	$0&
VOEFSUIF'FEFSBM"WJBUJPO"ENJOJTUSBUJPO3FTFBSDI


&OHJOFFSJOHBOE%FWFMPQNFOU"VUIPSJ[BUJPO"DUPG$0&TBSFZFBS

QBSUOFSTIJQTXJUIBDBEFNJB
UIFJSJOEVTUSZQBSUOFST
BOEHPWFSONFOUUPDSFBUF

DPOTPSUJVNTUPDPOEVDUSFTFBSDIJOFOWJSPONFOU
BWJBUJPOTBGFUZ
BDDFTTUP

TQBDF
BOEPUIFSBDUJWJUJFTUPFOTVSFBTBGFBOEFGmDJFOUBJSUSBOTQPSUBUJPO

TZTUFN

*O"VHVTU
UIF'"""ENJOJTUSBUPSTJHOFEBNFNPBHSFFJOHUPUIFDSFBUJPO

PGB$0&GPS$PNNFSDJBM4QBDF5SBOTQPSUBUJPO	$45
UIBUXPVMECFTVQQPSUFE

BUBNJOJNVNMFWFMPGNJMMJPOQFSZFBSGPSZFBST*O"VHVTU
UIF'""

BOOPVODFEUIFFTUBCMJTINFOUPGUIF$0&$45BOEDPPQFSBUJWFBHSFFNFOUT

XFSFTJHOFEXJUIOJOFNFNCFSVOJWFSTJUJFTJO4FQUFNCFS$0&$45

QSPWJEFTHSBOUTJOGPVSEJTUJODUSFTFBSDIBSFBTTQBDFUSBGmDNBOBHFNFOU

BOEPQFSBUJPOTTQBDFUSBOTQPSUBUJPOPQFSBUJPOT
UFDIOPMPHJFT
BOEQBZMPBET

IVNBOTQBDFnJHIUBOETQBDFUSBOTQPSUBUJPOJOEVTUSZWJBCJMJUZ

"VOJRVFBUUSJCVUFPGUIF$0&QSPHSBNJTUIFPOFUPPOFNBUDIJOHSFRVJSFNFOU

GPSFWFSZGFEFSBMEPMMBSHSBOUFEUPB$0&VOJWFSTJUZ5IFNBUDIJOHSFRVJSFNFOU

DBOCFTBUJTmFEUISPVHIEJSFDUPSJOLJOEDPOUSJCVUJPOTGSPNBOZOPOGFEFSBM

GVOEJOHTPVSDF
JODMVEJOHJOEVTUSZ
VOJWFSTJUJFT
PSTUBUFBOEMPDBMHPWFSONFOU

PSHBOJ[BUJPOT

8QLYHUVLW\ $ZDUG $ZDUG $ZDUG

'MPSJEB*OTUJUVUFPG5FDIOPMPHZ 
  


'MPSJEB4UBUF6OJWFSTJUZ 
 
 


/FX.FYJDP*OTUJUVUFPG.JOJOHBOE5FDIOPMPHZ 
  


/FX.FYJDP4UBUF6OJWFSTJUZ 
  


4UBOGPSE6OJWFSTJUZ 
 
 


6OJWFSTJUZPG$FOUSBM'MPSJEB 
 
 


6OJWFSTJUZPG$PMPSBEPBU#PVMEFS 
 
 


6OJWFSTJUZPG'MPSJEB 
 
 


6OJWFSTJUZPG5FYBT.FEJDBM#SBODI 
 
 


Total   

Table 17. FAA COE CST Grants
59

Funding

)LJXUH&2(&670HPEHUDQG$IÀOLDWH8QLYHUVLW\*HRJUDSKLF'LVWULEXWLRQ

COE CST Member Universities

5IFOJOF$0&$45NFNCFSVOJWFSTJUJFTBSF

t 'MPSJEB*OTUJUVUFPG5FDIOPMPHZ

t 'MPSJEB4UBUF6OJWFSTJUZ

t /FX.FYJDP*OTUJUVUFPG.JOJOHBOE5FDIOPMPHZ

t /FX.FYJDP4UBUF6OJWFSTJUZ

t 4UBOGPSE6OJWFSTJUZ

t 6OJWFSTJUZPG$FOUSBM'MPSJEB

t 6OJWFSTJUZPG$PMPSBEPBU#PVMEFS

t 6OJWFSTJUZPG'MPSJEB

t 6OJWFSTJUZPG5FYBT.FEJDBM#SBODIBU(BMWFTUPO

5IF$0&$45NFNCFSVOJWFSTJUJFTQSPWJEFBDPNQSFIFOTJWFEJTUSJCVUJPO

PGHFPHSBQIJDBMDPWFSBHFSFQSFTFOUJOHUIFFOUJSF$PNNFSDJBM4QBDF

5SBOTQPSUBUJPO*OEVTUSZ
JODMVEJOHUIFUPQGPVSDJWJMTQBDFTUBUFT	$BMJGPSOJB


$PMPSBEP
5FYBT
BOE'MPSJEB
BOE/FX.FYJDP
UIFTUBUFMFBEJOHUIFTVCPSCJUBM

JOEVTUSZBOEXJUIBTJHOJmDBOUMFWFMPGNJMJUBSZTQBDFBDUJWJUZ$PNCJOFE


UIFVOJWFSTJUJFTCSJOHPWFSPUIFSHPWFSONFOU
JOEVTUSZ
BOEBDBEFNJD

PSHBOJ[BUJPOTBTSFTFBSDIQBSUOFST*O
.D(JMM6OJWFSTJUZPG.POUSÏBM


$BOBEB
KPJOFEUIF$0&$45BTUIFmSTU"GmMJBUF6OJWFSTJUZ
)HGHUDO$YLDWLRQ$GPLQLVWUDWLRQҋV2IÀFHRI&RPPHUFLDO6SDFH7UDQVSRUWDWLRQ

60

FAA COE CST: 2012 Highlights

The following are the major milestones for the FAA COE CST in its second year:

t Second Annual Administrative Meeting held at Florida State University in 

Tallahassee, Florida on April 25-26.

t $SFBUJPOPGUIF&YFDVUJWF$PNNJUUFF
DPOTPMJEBUJOHUIF$PPSEJOBUJOHBOE

Planning Committees into a single entity, and creation of three subcommittees: 

4FMG(PWFSOBODF
4USBUFHJD1MBOOJOH
BOE$PMMBCPSBUJPO

t First full year of operation for the COE CST Industry Advisory Committee.

t 4FDPOE"OOVBM5FDIOJDBM.FFUJOHIFMEBU/.5JO4PDPSSP
/FX.FYJDPPO

0DUPCFS/PWFNCFS

t Nine new tasks begun, 24 ongoing tasks continued from the previous year, and 

10 tasks were completed.

t $0&$45CFOFmUFEGSPNUIFTFSWJDFTPGTUVEFOUT
SFTFBSDIQBSUOFST


BOEJOEVTUSZQBSUOFST5IFDPNCJOFEFGGPSUSFTVMUFEJOUFDIOJDBMPS

programmatic papers published in journals or presented at conferences.

&RPPHUFLDO&UHZDQG&DUJR7UDQVSRUWDWLRQ'HYHORSPHQW

*O
/"4"VOWFJMFEUIF$054QSPHSBN$054GPDVTFEFYDMVTJWFMZPOUIF

EFTJHOBOEEFWFMPQNFOUPGDPNNFSDJBMDBSHPTFSWJDFTUPUIF*445PUBM4""

GVOEJOHVOEFSUIJTQSPHSBN
EJTUSJCVUFEBDDPSEJOHUPBNJMFTUPOFTDIFEVMF
XBT

NJMMJPO8PSLPO$054EJSFDUMZMFEUPUIFBXBSEJOHPG$34DPOUSBDUTJO

5IFTFDPOUSBDUTDPWFSDBSHPnJHIUTUPUIF*445IFmSTU$34NJTTJPO

nFXJO
BOEUIFmOBM$054NJTTJPOJTFYQFDUFEUPnZJO
XIFO

0SCJUBMT"OUBSFTWFIJDMFMBVODIFTUIF$ZHOVTDBQTVMF

5PTUJNVMBUFDPNNFSDJBMEFWFMPQNFOUPGBDSFXUSBOTQPSUBUJPODBQBCJMJUZ


/"4"JOJUJBUFEUIF$$%FWFGGPSUJO
XJUINJMMJPOPG"NFSJDBO

3FDPWFSZBOE3FJOWFTUNFOU"DUGVOEJOH*O
BGUFSDPNQMFUJPOPGUIFJOJUJBM

$$%FWFGGPSU
/"4"DPOUJOVFEJOWFTUJOHJODPNNFSDJBMDSFXUSBOTQPSUBUJPO

EFWFMPQNFOUXJUIUIFGPMMPXPO$$%FWQSPHSBN
UPNBUVSFUIFEFTJHOBOE

EFWFMPQNFOUPGTZTUFNTFMFNFOUTTVDIBTMBVODIWFIJDMFTBOETQBDFDSBGU5IF

UPUBMWBMVFPG$$%FWXBTNJMMJPO

*O
/"4"BOOPVODFEUIFOFYUQIBTFPGDPNNFSDJBMDSFXEFWFMPQNFOU


$$J$BQ5IJTJOJUJBUJWFJTUPGBDJMJUBUFJOEVTUSZTEFWFMPQNFOUPGBOJOUFHSBUFE

DSFXUSBOTQPSUBUJPOTZTUFN5IFUPUBMBXBSEWBMVFJTPWFSCJMMJPO
UPCF

BMMPDBUFEBTFBDINJMFTUPOFJTDPNQMFUFE
61

Funding

Program Year of 

$ZDUG

Total 

Potential 

Value (in $M)

3D\PHQWV

Through FY 

2011 (in $M)

Operator Vehicles and Technologies

$054    4QBDF9 $BSHPUSBOTQPSUBUJPOTZTUFNEFWFMPQNFOU

	%SBHPOTQBDFDSBGU


$054    3PDLFUQMBOF

,JTUMFS ,

$054    0SCJUBM $BSHPUSBOTQPSUBUJPOTZTUFNEFWFMPQNFOU

	$ZHOVTTQBDFDSBGU


$34  


/"	DPOUSBDU


not milestone 

CBTFE


4QBDF9 %SBHPO	nJHIUT


$34  


/"	DPOUSBDU


not milestone 

CBTFE


0SCJUBM $ZHOVT	nJHIUT


$$%FW    4/$ .BUVSFDPNNFSDJBMDSFXUSBOTQPSUBUJPO

TZTUFN

$$%FW    #PFJOH .BUVSFDPNNFSDJBMDSFXUSBOTQPSUBUJPO

TZTUFN

$$%FW    6OJUFE-BVODI

"MMJBODF	6-"
 .BUVSFFNFSHFODZEFUFDUJPOTZTUFN

$$%FW    #MVF0SJHJO .BUVSFQVTIFSFTDBQFTZTUFNBOE

DPNQPTJUFQSFTTVSFWFTTFM

$$%FW    1BSBHPO4QBDF .BUVSFBJSSFWJUBMJ[BUJPOTZTUFNDPODFQU

$$%FW    #PFJOH $45EFTJHONBUVSBUJPOBDSPTT

milestones

$$%FW    4/$ %SFBN$IBTFSEFTJHONBUVSBUJPOBDSPTT

milestones

$$%FW    4QBDF9

.BUVSF'BMDPO%SBHPOUSBOTQPSUBUJPO

TZTUFNGPDVTJOHPOEFWFMPQJOHBO

JOUFHSBUFE
TJEFNPVOUFEMBVODIBCPSU

TZTUFNBDSPTTNJMFTUPOFT

$$%FW    #MVF0SJHJO

.BUVSFTQBDFWFIJDMFEFTJHO
NBUVSF

QVTIFSFTDBQFTZTUFN
BOEBDDFMFSBUF

FOHJOFEFWFMPQNFOUGPS3FVTBCMF#PPTUFS

4ZTUFN	3#4
BDSPTTNJMFTUPOFT

$$%FW  6OGVOEFE /" 6-" "EWBODFNFOUPGDPNNFSDJBMDSFXTQBDF

USBOTQPSUBUJPOBDSPTTNJMFTUPOFT

$$%FW  6OGVOEFE /" "5, "EWBODFNFOUPGDPNNFSDJBMDSFXTQBDF

USBOTQPSUBUJPOTBDSPTTNJMFTUPOFT

$$%FW  6OGVOEFE /" &YDBMJCVS

"MNB[
*OD

"EWBODFNFOUPGDPNNFSDJBMDSFXTQBDF

USBOTQPSUBUJPOBDSPTTNJMFTUPOFT

$$J$BQ   TBD #PFJOH .BUVSF$45DSFXFETQBDFDSBGUBOE

JOGSBTUSVDUVSFBDSPTTNJMFTUPOFT

$$J$BQ   TBD 4QBDF9 .BUVSF%SBHPODSFXFETQBDFDSBGUBOE

JOGSBTUSVDUVSFBDSPTTNJMFTUPOFT

$$J$BQ   TBD 4/$ .BUVSF%SFBN$IBTFSDSFXFETQBDFDSBGU

BOEJOGSBTUSVDUVSFBDSPTTNJMFTUPOFT

$1$   TBD #PFJOH $SFXDFSUJmDBUJPO

$1$   TBD 4QBDF9 $SFXDFSUJmDBUJPO

$1$   TBD 4/$ $SFXDFSUJmDBUJPO

Table 18. NASA Commercial Crew and Cargo Funding
)HGHUDO$YLDWLRQ$GPLQLVWUDWLRQҋV2IÀFHRI&RPPHUFLDO6SDFH7UDQVSRUWDWLRQ

62

Other NASA funding

/"4"BOE#JHFMPX"FSPTQBDFBHSFFEUPBmYFEQSJDFDPOUSBDUXPSUI

NJMMJPOGPS#JHFMPX"FSPTQBDFUPCVJMEUIFJOnBUBCMFNPEVMF#&".%VSJOHJUT

UXPZFBSJOTUBMMBUJPOBUUIF*44
#&".XJMMCFDPNQBSFEUPUSBEJUJPOBMBMVNJOVN

NPEVMFT
JOUFSNTPGJUTTUSVDUVSBMJOUFHSJUZBOEIPXJUQSPUFDUTBHBJOTUSBEJBUJPO

BOEFYUSFNFUFNQFSBUVSFT

Flight Opportunities Program

/"4"T'MJHIU0QQPSUVOJUJFT1SPHSBNQSPWJEFTnJHIUPQQPSUVOJUJFTGPSUFDIOPMPHZ

QBZMPBET*OBEEJUJPOUPPGGFSJOHnJHIUTPOQBSBCPMJDBJSDSBGUBOEIJHIBMUJUVEF

DSBGU
UIJTQSPHSBNIFMQTGPTUFSUIFDPNNFSDJBMTVCPSCJUBMJOEVTUSZCZPGGFSJOH

nJHIUPQQPSUVOJUJFTPO437T5IF'MJHIU0QQPSUVOJUJFT1SPHSBNDVSSFOUMZIBT

NJMMJPOBWBJMBCMFGPSnJHIUQVSDIBTFT

*O
UIF'MJHIU0QQPSUVOJUJFT1SPHSBNTPMJDJUFEQSPQPTBMTGPSnJHIUBOE

QBZMPBEJOUFHSBUJPOGSPNUIFDPNNFSDJBMTVCPSCJUBMJOEVTUSZBOETFMFDUFETJY

437QSPWJEFSTJO"VHVTU

t "SNBEJMMP"FSPTQBDF

t .BTUFO4QBDF4ZTUFNT

t 61"FSPTQBDF*OD

t 7JSHJO(BMBDUJD

t 8IJUUJOHIJMM"FSPTQBDF--$

t 9$03
63

Funding

SBIR/STTR Recipient $ZDUG$PRXQW )XQGLQJ6RXUFH7\SH

Phase <HDURI$ZDUG

"SNBEJMMP"FSPTQBDF 
 64"'4#*31IBTF* 

(BSWFZ4QBDFDSBGU

$PSQPSBUJPO














64"'4#*31IBTF*

64"'4#*31IBTF*

/"4"4#*31IBTF*

64"'4#*31IBTF**









.BTUFO4QBDF

4ZTUFNT







%"31"4#*31IBTF*

/"4"4#*31IBTF*





8IJUUJOHIJMM"FSPTQBDF













/"4"4#*31IBTF*

/"4"4#*31IBTF**

/"4"4#*31IBTF*

/"4"4#*31IBTF**









9$03"FSPTQBDF






















%"31"45531IBTF**

64"'4#*31IBTF*

64"'4#*31IBTF*

%P%	04%
4#*31IBTF*

64"'4#*31IBTF*

64"'4#*31IBTF**

/"4"4#*31IBTF*















Table 19. Select SBIR/STTR Funding by Company

6PDOO%XVLQHVV,QQRYDWLRQ5HVHDUFKDQG6PDOO%XVLQHVV7HFKQRORJ\

Transfer Programs

4NBMM#VTJOFTT*OOPWBUJPO3FTFBSDI	4#*3
BOE4NBMM#VTJOFTT5FDIOPMPHZ

5SBOTGFS	4553
QSPHSBNTBSFDPNQFUJUJWFQSPHSBNTUIBUFODPVSBHF64

TNBMMCVTJOFTTFTUPFOHBHFJOSFTFBSDIBOEEFWFMPQNFOUXJUIUIFQPUFOUJBM

GPSDPNNFSDJBMJ[BUJPO5IFWBMVFPGJOEJWJEVBMDPOUSBDUTBOEHSBOUTSBOHFGSPN


UPBCPVUNJMMJPO

4#*3TBOE4553TBSFTUSVDUVSFEJOQIBTFT5IFTUSVDUVSFTFUTCVEHFUBOEUJNF

HVJEFMJOFT(VJEFMJOFTBSFTFUBU,	%P%
BOETJYNPOUITUPDPNQMFUF

QSPQPTFEXPSLGPS1IBTF*HSBOUT
BOEVQUP.	%P%
BOEUXPZFBSTUP

DPNQMFUFQSPQPTFEXPSLGPS1IBTF**BHSFFNFOUT"HFODJFTNVTUSFQPSU

BOESFDFJWFXBJWFSTGPSBMMBXBSETFYDFFEJOHUIFHVJEFMJOFBNPVOUT1IBTF

**QSPQPTBMTVCNJTTJPOTBSFVTVBMMZCZJOWJUBUJPOPOMZPSBGUFSTVDDFTTGVMMZ

DPNQMFUJOH1IBTF*
)HGHUDO$YLDWLRQ$GPLQLVWUDWLRQҋV2IÀFHRI&RPPHUFLDO6SDFH7UDQVSRUWDWLRQ

64

Operator Private Funding Comments

Suborbital

"SNBEJMMP"FSPTQBDF _.
JOWFTUFE+PIO$BSNBDL

7JSHJO(BMBDUJD

4DBMFE$PNQPTJUFT

_.
JOWFTUFECZ4JS3JDIBSE#SBOTPO

.
JOWFTUFECZ"BCBS*OWFTUNFOUT	GSPN6"&
JO

.
BEEJUJPOBMJOWFTUNFOUCZ"BCBS*OWFTUNFOUTJO

.
"OTBSJ913*;&GPSnJHIUTPG4QBDF4IJQ0OF
CZ4DBMFE$PNQPTJUFT

9$03 .
GSPNQSJWBUFJOWFTUPSTUISPVHI

.
BEEJUJPOBMJOWFTUNFOUGSPNQSJWBUFJOWFTUPSTJO

Orbital

4USBUPMBVODI4ZTUFNT 7VMDBO
*OD
GPVOEFECZ1BVM"MMFO
IBTJOWFTUFEJO4USBUPMBVODI

"MMFOFYQFDUTCVEHFUGPSQSPEVDUJPOPGmSTUWFIJDMFUPCF_.

#JHFMPX"FSPTQBDF _.
JOWFTUFECZ3PCFSU#JHFMPX
BOEDPVMEJOWFTUVQUPNJMMJPO

JOUPUIFFGGPSUCZ

&YDBMJCVS"MNB[ i5FOTPGNJMMJPOTPGEPMMBSTwJOWFTUFECZ"SU%VMBBOEQBSUOFST
BTTUBUFECZ

%VMBJOJOUFSWJFX

4QBDF9 .
JOWFTUFECZ&MPO.VTL

.
JOWFTUFECZQSJWBUFJOWFTUPSTBTPG

Table 20. Summary of Publicly Available Information on Private Funding

PRIVATE FUNDING SOURCES 

5IFMBSHFTUTPVSDFTPGQSJWBUFGVOEJOHDPNFGSPNDPSQPSBUFJOWFTUNFOU


JOEJWJEVBMDPOUSJCVUJPOTCZDPNQBOZGPVOEFST
BOEBOHFMJOWFTUPST5IFUBCMF

CFMPXTVNNBSJ[FTQVCMJDBMMZBWBJMBCMFJOGPSNBUJPOPOQSJWBUFGVOEJOHGPS

DPNNFSDJBMTQBDFUSBOTQPSUBUJPOCZDPNQBOZ*UJTMJLFMZUIFSFBSFBEEJUJPOBM

JOWFTUNFOU
DPOUSBDUT
MPBOTPSHSBOUTUIBUIBWFOPUCFFOQVCMJDBMMZBOOPVODFE
65

&RPPHUFLDO6SDFH7UDQVSRUWDWLRQ&RPSHQGLXP)HEUXDU\

2Q0D\6SDFH;ҋV)DOFRQPDGHWKHÀUVWRIWZR86FRPPHUFLDO

launches in 2012.

Image credit: SpaceX

LAUNCH DATA AND TRENDS

7KLVVHFWLRQSURYLGHVVXPPDULHVRIZRUOGZLGHODXQFKDFWLYLWLHVDQGIRUHFDVWVIRU

FRPPHUFLDOVSDFHWUDQVSRUWDWLRQODXQFKHVLQWKHQH[WWHQ\HDUV7KHVXPPDULHVDUHIURP

SUHYLRXVO\UHOHDVHG)$$$67UHSRUWVLQFOXGLQJ

 &RPPHUFLDO6SDFH7UDQVSRUWDWLRQ<HDULQ5HYLHZ

 2012 Commercial Space Transportation Forecasts

 Suborbital Reusable Vehicles: A 10-Year Forecast of Market Demand
)HGHUDO$YLDWLRQ$GPLQLVWUDWLRQҋV2IÀFHRI&RPPHUFLDO6SDFH7UDQVSRUWDWLRQ

66

WORLDWIDE ORBITAL LAUNCH ACTIVITY

-BVODIQSPWJEFSTGSPNUIF6OJUFE4UBUFT
3VTTJB
&VSPQF
$IJOB
+BQBO
*OEJB


*SBO
/PSUI,PSFB
BOEPOFNVMUJOBUJPOBMQSPWJEFSDPOEVDUFEBUPUBMPG

MBVODIFTJO
PGXIJDIXFSFDPNNFSDJBM	4FF'JHVSFTBOE
BOE

5BCMFTBOE
5IJTJTDPOTJTUFOUXJUIUIFZFBSBWFSBHFPGUPUBMMBVODIFT

BOEDPNNFSDJBMMBVODIFTQFSZFBS5IFGPMMPXJOHJTBTVNNBSZPGXPSMEXJEF

PSCJUBMDPNNFSDJBMMBVODIFTJO
CZDPVOUSZ

t 5IF6OJUFE4UBUFTIBEMBVODIFTJO
XIJDIJTmWFGFXFSMBVODIFT

UIBOJO5XPPGUIFMBVODIFTXFSFDPNNFSDJBMUIFSFXFSFOP

DPNNFSDJBM64MBVODIFTJO

t 3VTTJBDPOUJOVFTUPIBWFUIFNPTUMBVODIFTBOOVBMMZ	
BTXFMMBTNPTU

DPNNFSDJBMMBVODIFT	
3VTTJBFYQFSJFODFEUXPMBVODIGBJMVSFT
JODMVEJOH

BQBSUJBMGBJMVSFJOXIJDIUIFQBZMPBEFWFOUVBMMZSFBDIFEJUTJOUFOEFEPSCJU*O


3VTTJBIBEMBVODIFT

t &VSPQFDPOEVDUFEMBVODIFTJO
PGXIJDIXFSFDPNNFSDJBM5IF

mSTUMBVODIPGUIFOFX7FHBWFIJDMFUPPLQMBDFJO&VSPQFIBETJY

MBVODIFTJO

t $IJOBIBEUIFTBNFOVNCFSPGMBVODIFT

JODMVEJOHDPNNFSDJBMMBVODIFT

	

JOBOE

t 5IFNVMUJOBUJPOBM4FB-BVODI;FOJU4-MBVODIWFIJDMFQFSGPSNFEUISFF

DPNNFSDJBMMBVODIFT

t *OEJBBOE+BQBOFBDIIBEUXPOPODPNNFSDJBMMBVODIFT

t *SBOBUUFNQUFEUPMBVODIJUT4BmSWFIJDMFUISFFUJNFTBOEIBEUXPGBJMVSFT

t /PSUI,PSFBDPOEVDUFEUXPMBVODIBUUFNQUTPGJUT6OIBSPDLFU5IFmSTU

BUUFNQUGBJMFE
CVUUIFTFDPOEQMBDFEUIFmSTU/PSUI,PSFBOQBZMPBEJOUP

PSCJU

Russia

7 (35%)

Europe

6 (30%)

5PUBM

20 Commercial 

Launches

USA

2 (10%)

China

2 (10%)

Multinational

3 (15%)

Figure 5. 2012 Worldwide 

Commercial Launch Activity

Commercial

20

Non-Commercial 

58

5PUBM

78 launches

Figure 4. 2012 Total Worldwide 

Launch Activity

SUMMARY OF COMMERCIAL SPACE 

TRANSPORTATION: 2012 YEAR IN REVIEW
67

Launch Data and Trends

Table 22. 2012 Worldwide Commercial Launch Events

Date Vehicle

Launching 

&RXQWU\

Region

3D\ORDGV Orbit Launch 

Outcome

'FC 1SPUPO. 3VTTJB 4&4 (&0 4VDDFTT

.BS 1SPUPO. 3VTTJB *OUFMTBU (&0 4VDDFTT

.BS -POH.BSDI# $IJOB "145"3 (&0 4VDDFTT

"QS 1SPUPO. 3VTTJB :BITBU# (&0 4VDDFTT

.BZ "SJBOF &VSPQF +$4"5

7JOBTBU

(&0

(&0 4VDDFTT

.BZ 1SPUPO. 3VTTJB /JNJR (&0 4VDDFTT

.BZ 'BMDPO 64" %SBHPO$054%FNP

 -&0 4VDDFTT

+VO ;FOJU4- .VMUJOBUJPOBM *OUFMTBU (&0 4VDDFTT

+VM "SJBOF &VSPQF &DIPTUBS97**

.4(

(&0

(&0 4VDDFTT

+VM 1SPUPO. 3VTTJB 4&4 (&0 4VDDFTT

"VH "SJBOF &VSPQF ):-"4

*OUFMTBU

(&0

(&0 4VDDFTT

"VH ;FOJU4- .VMUJOBUJPOBM *OUFMTBU (&0 4VDDFTT

4FQ "SJBOF &VSPQF "TUSB'

(4"5

(&0

(&0 4VDDFTT

0DU 'BMDPO 64" %SBHPO*44%

03#$0..0(

-&0

-&0 4VDDFTT

0DU 1SPUPO. 3VTTJB *OUFMTBU (&0 4VDDFTT

/PW "SJBOF &VSPQF 4UBS0OF$

&VUFMTBU#

(&0

(&0 4VDDFTT

/PW 1SPUPO. 3VTTJB &DIPTUBS97* (&0 4VDDFTT

%FD ;FOJU4- .VMUJOBUJPOBM &VUFMTBU# (&0 4VDDFTT

%FD -POH.BSDI% $IJOB (ÚLUVSL 440 4VDDFTT

%FD "SJBOF &VSPQF 4LZ/FU%

.FY4BU

(&0

(&0 4VDDFTT

Country/Region $PNNFSDJBM

-BVODIFT

/PO$PNNFSDJBM

-BVODIFT -BVODIFT

6OJUFE4UBUFT   

3VTTJB 7  

&VSPQF   

$IJOB   

+BQBO   

*OEJB   

*SBO   

/PSUI,PSFB   

.VMUJOBUJPOBM   

TOTAL 20 58 78

Table 21. 2012 Worldwide Orbital Launch Events
)HGHUDO$YLDWLRQ$GPLQLVWUDWLRQҋV2IÀFHRI&RPPHUFLDO6SDFH7UDQVSRUWDWLRQ

68

5IFPSCJUBMMBVODIBDUJWJUZCZMBVODIWFIJDMFJTQSFTFOUFEJO'JHVSF

*OUIF"QQFOEJY
UIF8PSMEXJEF0SCJUBM-BVODIFT&WFOUTUBCMFTIPXTBMM

PSCJUBMMBVODIFTXPSMEXJEFJO
JODMVEJOHDPNNFSDJBM
DJWJM
BOENJMJUBSZ

NJTTJPOT

Figure 6. 2012 Launch Vehicle Use

Atlas V

Delta IV

Falcon 9

Pegasus XL

Proton K

Proton M

Rockot

6R\X]

6R\X]

6R\X]8

Ariane 5

6R\X]

Vega

Long March 2

Long March 3

Long March 4

H-IIA

H-IIB

PSLV

6DÀU

Unha

Zenit 3SL

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

6

4

2

11 1 1 1 1 1

2 22 2

4

6

7

3 3

9 9

10

Launches

0

United States

Russia

Europe

China

Multinational

Japan

Iran

India North 

Korea
69

Launch Data and Trends

:RUOGZLGH/DXQFK5HYHQXHV

&TUJNBUFESFWFOVFTGSPNUIFDPNNFSDJBMMBVODIFWFOUTJOBNPVOUFE

UPBQQSPYJNBUFMZCJMMJPO5IFTFSFWFOVFTBSFDPOTJTUFOUXJUIDPNNFSDJBM

MBVODISFWFOVFJOBOECVUTIPXBOFBSMZIBMGCJMMJPOEPMMBSJODSFBTF

PWFS	4FF'JHVSF
.PSFEFUBJMPOmWFZFBSSFWFOVFUSFOETDBOCFGPVOE

JOUIF4QBDF5SBOTQPSUBUJPO5SFOETTFDUJPO5IFGPMMPXJOHBSFSFWFOVFTCZ

DPVOUSZ

t $PNNFSDJBMMBVODISFWFOVFTJOUIF6OJUFE4UBUFTBNPVOUFEUPNJMMJPO

t 3VTTJBODPNNFSDJBMMBVODISFWFOVFTXFSFBQQSPYJNBUFMZNJMMJPO
EPXO

BCPVUQFSDFOUGSPNMBTUZFBS
QSJNBSJMZEVFUP1SPUPOGBJMVSFTDBVTJOH

DPNNFSDJBMMBVODIFTUPTMJQUP

t &VSPQFBOSFWFOVFTXFSFBQQSPYJNBUFMZCJMMJPO
BQFSDFOUJODSFBTF

PWFSSFWFOVFT

t $IJOFTFSFWFOVFTESPQQFEGSPNCZNJMMJPO
GPSBOFTUJNBUFEUPUBM

PGNJMMJPO

t .VMUJOBUJPOBM	4FB-BVODI
SFWFOVFTXFSFBQQSPYJNBUFMZNJMMJPO
VQ

GSPNNJMMJPOJO

1BZNFOUTGPSMBVODITFSWJDFTBSFUZQJDBMMZTQSFBEPWFSPOFUPUXPZFBSTCFGPSF

UIFMBVODI
CVUGPSUIFQVSQPTFTPGUIJTSFQPSU
SFWFOVFJTDPVOUFEJOUIFZFBSB

DVTUPNFSTQBZMPBEMBVODIFT-BVODISFWFOVFTBSFBUUSJCVUFEUPUIFDPVOUSZPS

SFHJPOXIFSFUIFQSJNBSZWFIJDMFNBOVGBDUVSFSJTCBTFE5IFTFSFWFOVFTBSF

BTTFTTFECBTFEPODPNNFSDJBMMBVODIQSJDFFTUJNBUFTGPSFBDIMBVODIWFIJDMF

VTJOHQVCMJDBMMZBWBJMBCMFJOGPSNBUJPO

.PTUMBVODIWFIJDMFTUPEBZBSFNBOVGBDUVSFE
TPME
BOEMBVODIFECZUIFTBNF

PSHBOJ[BUJPOJOPOFDPVOUSZPSXJUIJOBQBSUJDVMBSFDPOPNJDSFHJPO

4FB-BVODI

"(
IPXFWFS
JTBNVMUJOBUJPOBMMBVODITFSWJDFDPSQPSBUJPO

*OUFSOBUJPOBM-BVODI4FSWJDFT	*-4
BOE"SJBOFTQBDFDPOTUJUVUFBOFYDFQUJPO*-4JTB3VTTJBOPXOFEDPNQBOZJODPSQPSBUFE

JOUIF6OJUFE4UBUFTBOETFMMJOHMBVODIFTPGUIF3VTTJBO1SPUPOWFIJDMFT"SJBOFTQBDFNBSLFUTMBVODIFTPGB3VTTJBO

NBOVGBDUVSFE4PZV[WFIJDMFGSPNUIF,PVSPVMBVODITJUFJO'SFODI(VJBOB

Figure 7. Estimated 2012 Commercial Launch Revenues

$108 $90

$595

$300

$0

$200

$400

$600

$800





$1,320



US$ Millions

USA Russia Europe China Multinational
)HGHUDO$YLDWLRQ$GPLQLVWUDWLRQҋV2IÀFHRI&RPPHUFLDO6SDFH7UDQVSRUWDWLRQ

70

:RUOGZLGH2UELWDO3D\ORDG6XPPDU\

*O
MBVODIFTDBSSJFEBUPUBMPGQBZMPBETUPPSCJU	TFF5BCMFBOE

'JHVSFTBOE
"QQSPYJNBUFMZQFSDFOU	QBZMPBET
QSPWJEFDPNNFSDJBM

TFSWJDFT	4FF'JHVSFGPSUIFTFQBZMPBETCZMBVODIDPVOUSZ
5IFSFNBJOJOH

QFSDFOU	QBZMPBET
XFSFVTFEGPSOPODPNNFSDJBMDJWJMHPWFSONFOU


NJMJUBSZ
PSOPOQSPmUQVSQPTFT

5IFXPSMEXJEFPSCJUBMMBVODIBDUJWJUZCZQBZMPBEVTFUZQFJTQSFTFOUFEJO

'JHVSF

Table 23. Payloads Launched by Country in 2012

Country/

Region

$PNNFSDJBM

1BZMPBET

/PO

$PNNFSDJBM

1BZMPBET

Total 

1BZMPBET

6OJUFE4UBUFT   

3VTTJB   

&VSPQF 7  

$IJOB   

+BQBO   

*OEJB   

*SBO   

/PSUI,PSFB   

.VMUJOBUJPOBM   

TOTAL 27 112 139

USA Russia Europe China India Japan Iran North 

Korea

Multinational

0

Non-commercial

Commercial

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

25

24

18 27

3

10

3 2

10

3

7

3 3 1

Figure 9. 2012 Total Worldwide Launch Activity by Payload

3D\ORDGV

Figure 8. Payload Use Type

Communications

42 (30%)

Development

31 (22%)

Remote 

Sensing

21 (15%)

Navigation

9 (6%)

6FLHQWLÀF

11 (8%)

(DUO\:DUQLQJ

ISS

7 (5%)

Intelligence: 5 (4%)

Meteorological

3 (2%)

Test: 2 (1%)

8QNQRZQ &ODVVLÀHG

&UHZHG

5 (4%)

5PUBM

SD\ORDGV
71

Launch Data and Trends

&RPPHUFLDO/DXQFK3D\ORDG6XPPDU\

5XFOUZDPNNFSDJBMMBVODIFTDBSSJFEBUPUBMPGDPNNFSDJBMBOEOPO

DPNNFSDJBMQBZMPBETJOUPPSCJU'PVSPGUIFTFDPNNFSDJBMMZMBVODIFEQBZMPBET

XFSFEFQMPZFEJOOPOHFPTZODISPOPVTPSCJUT	/(40
BOEXFSFMBVODIFE

UPBHFPTUBUJPOBSZPSCJU	(&0
	TFF5BCMF
5XPPGUIF/(40QBZMPBET

XFSFMBVODIFTPGUIF%SBHPODBQTVMF
BTQBSUPG/"4"T$054BOE$34

QSPHSBN5IFPUIFSUXP/(40QBZMPBETXFSF5VSLFZT(ÚLUVSLTBUFMMJUFBOE

UIF03#$0..0(TBUFMMJUF"MMCVUPOF(&0QBZMPBE	.4(
B&VSPQFBO

NFUFPSPMPHJDBMTBUFMMJUF
XFSFDPNNVOJDBUJPOTTBUFMMJUFT

03#$0..0(
BDPNNVOJDBUJPOTTBUFMMJUF
XBTMBVODIFEBTBTFDPOEBSZ

QBZMPBEPO4QBDF9TNJTTJPOUPUIF*OUFSOBUJPOBM4QBDF4UBUJPO	*44
5IF

MBVODIXBTDPOTJEFSFEBTVDDFTTCFDBVTFJUNFUJUTQSJNBSZPCKFDUJWFPG

USBOTQPSUJOHUIF%SBHPODBQTVMFUPUIF*44
CVUJUGBJMFEUPQMBDFUIF03#$0..

TBUFMMJUFJOUPJUTJOUFOEFEPSCJUEVFUPBOBOPNBMZPOPOFPGUIF'BMDPOTmSTU

TUBHFFOHJOFT#FDBVTFPGUIFFOHJOFTIVUEPXO
BOEUPSFNBJOJODPNQMJBODF

XJUIUIFQMBOBQQSPWFEGPS%SBHPOEFMJWFSZUPUIF*44
UIFSPDLFUXBTOPU

BMMPXFEUPFYFDVUFUIFTFDPOECVSO'PSUIJTSFBTPO
UIFTBUFMMJUFXBTEFQMPZFE

JOBOPSCJUMPXFSUIBOJOUFOEFE

0GUIFDPNNFSDJBMMZMBVODIFEQBZMPBET
QSPWJEFDPNNFSDJBMTFSWJDFT

BOEBSFOPODPNNFSDJBM	DJWJMPSEFGFOTF
5IFHPWFSONFOUTPG*OEJB
.FYJDP


6OJUFE,JOHEPN
BOE7JFUOBN

MBVODIFEDPNNVOJDBUJPOT

TBUFMMJUFTDPNNFSDJBMMZ
BMMPO

"SJBOFWFIJDMFT&VSPQFT

NFUFPSPMPHJDBMBHFODZ


&VNFUTBU
MBVODIFEBXFBUIFS

TBUFMMJUFPOBO"SJBOF
BOE

5VSLFZMBVODIFEBNJMJUBSZ

TBUFMMJUFPOB-POH.BSDI$

WFIJDMF	4FF5BCMF


Launch Vehicle Payload Service Type Use

"SJBOF 7JOBTBU $JWJM $PNNVOJDBUJPOT

"SJBOF .4( $JWJM .FUFPSPMPHJDBM

"SJBOF (4"5 $JWJM $PNNVOJDBUJPOT

"SJBOF 4LZ/FU% .JMJUBSZ $PNNVOJDBUJPOT

.FY4BU $JWJM $PNNVOJDBUJPOT

-POH.BSDI% (ÚLUVSL .JMJUBSZ *OUFMMJHFODF

Table 24. Commercially Launched 

Government Civil and Military Payloads

Figure 10. Total Payloads Launched 

by Country in 2012

Russia

34 (24%)

Europe

25 (18%)

5PUBM

SD\ORDGV

launched

USA

28 (20%)

China

30 (22%)

Multinational: 3 (2%)

North Korea: 2 (1%)

India: 4 (3%)

Japan: 10 (7%)

Iran: 3 (2%)

Russia

10 (37%)

Europe

7 (26%)

5PUBM

27 commercial 

SD\ORDGV

launched

USA

3 (11%)

China

3 (11%)

Multinational

3 (11%)

India

1 (4%)

Figure 11. Commercial Payloads Launched 

by Country in 2012
)HGHUDO$YLDWLRQ$GPLQLVWUDWLRQҋV2IÀFHRI&RPPHUFLDO6SDFH7UDQVSRUWDWLRQ

72

Non-Commercial Launches

*O
UIFSFXFSFOPODPNNFSDJBMMBVODIFTDBSSZJOHBUPUBMPG

QBZMPBET'JGUZmWFQBZMPBETXFSFGPSDJWJMHPWFSONFOUQVSQPTFT
QBZMPBET

XFSFGPSNJMJUBSZVTF
BOEQBZMPBETXFSFGPSOPOQSPmUNJTTJPOT	VOJWFSTJUJFT


4JYQBZMPBETXFSFDPNNFSDJBMmWFDPNNVOJDBUJPOTTBUFMMJUFT03#$0..T

7FTTFMTBU
*OEPOFTJBT5FMLPN
"154BUFMMJUFT"14UBS#	$IJOBTBU



BOE(B[QSPN4QBDF4ZTUFNT:BNBM,BOEBOEPOFSFNPUFTFOTJOH

TBUFMMJUF
'SBODFT4105	4FF'JHVSFBOE5BCMF


*O
BMMmWFMBVODIGBJMVSFTXFSF

OPODPNNFSDJBMMBVODIFT*SBOT

4BmSWFIJDMFGBJMFEUXJDF
JO.BZBOE

4FQUFNCFS
BOE/PSUI,PSFBT6OIB

SPDLFUGBJMFEPODF5IFPUIFSUXP

GBJMVSFTXFSFXJUI3VTTJBT1SPUPO.

WFIJDMF5IF"VHVTU1SPUPOGBJMVSF

SFTVMUFEJOUIFMPTTPG*OEPOFTJBT

5FMLPNBOE3VTTJBT&YQSFTT

.%DPNNVOJDBUJPOTTBUFMMJUFT5IF

%FDFNCFSGBJMVSFXBTDPOTJEFSFE

QBSUJBMCFDBVTFUIF:BNBMTBUFMMJUF

VTFEJUTPXOQSPQVMTJPOTZTUFNUP

SFBDIJUTUBSHFUPSCJU5IF1SPUPO.BMTP

FYQFSJFODFEGBJMVSFTJOBOE

Government 

Civil 

55 (49%)

Government 

0LOLWDU\

 37 (33%)

1RQ3URÀW

14 (13%)

Commercial

6 (5%)

Figure 12. Non-commercially Launched Payloads 

by Service Type

5PUBM

112 

QRQFRPPHUFLDOO\

launched 

SD\ORDGV

&RXQWU\ 6HUYLFH7\SH 3D\ORDGV

6OJUFE

4UBUFT

$JWJM	
 "FSPDVCF"
#
BOE$/V45"30654"545"3&"BOE7BO"MMFO1SPCF"BOE#

.JMJUBSZ	
 "&)'"&/&"4.604/BWTUBS(14'/30-
-
-/044"
-

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-4.%$0/&
0/&8(4BOE9#057

/PO1SPmU	
 $*/&."$*448&$1BOE$9#/

3VTTJB

$JWJM	


#FMLB&YBDU7JFX&YQSFTT.%(POFUT.BOE.,BOPQVT#-VDI#

.FU0Q#.*31SPHSFTT..
.
.
BOE.4'&3"4PZV[5.".


.
.
BOE.5&5BOE;POE11

.JMJUBSZ	
 $PTNPT

BOE.FSJEJBO

&VSPQF

$JWJM	
 "57-"3&4(BMJMFPBOEBOE1MFJBEFT)3

/PO1SPmU	
 "-."4BU&45!3(0-*"5.B4BU184BU30#645"6/*$6#&4"5((BOE

9"5$0#&0

$IJOB

$JWJM	
 'FOHOJBP#BOE"'FOH:VO')VBO+JOH$4IFO[IPV%FDFOU.PEVMFBOE

0SCJUBM.PEVMF5JBO)VJ#5JBOMJBO$73449JOZBOBOE;J:VBO

.JMJUBSZ	
 #FJEPV$.
.
.
BOE.#FJEPV(BOE($IJOBTBU"4IJKJBO"BOE

#5JBOUVP:BPHBO

.BJO
4VCTBU
BOE4VCTBU

*OEJB

$JWJM	
 N3&4*/4BOE1SPJUFSFT

.JMJUBSZ	
 3JTBU

+BQBO $JWJM	
 ''JU4BU($0.8)57,PNQTBU4%45FDI&E4BUBOE8F8JTI

/PO1SPmU	
 )PSZVBOE3"*,0

*SBO

$JWJM	
 /BWJE&&MN04BOBU

.JMJUBSZ	
 'BKSBOE6OLOPXO*SBOJBO4BUFMMJUF

/PSUI,PSFB .JMJUBSZ	
 ,XBOHNZPOHTPOHBOE,XBOHNZPOHTPOH

7DEOH1RQFRPPHUFLDOO\/DXQFKHG3D\ORDGVIRU*RYHUQPHQW&LYLO0LOLWDU\RU1RQ3URÀW8VH
73

Launch Data and Trends

U.S. AND FAA-LICENSED ORBITAL LAUNCH AND 

REENTRY ACTIVITY

)$$/LFHQVHG2UELWDO/DXQFK6XPPDU\

5IFSFXFSFmWF'""MJDFOTFEPSCJUBMMBVODIFTJO4QBDF9T'BMDPO

WFIJDMFNBEFUXPMJDFOTFEMBVODIFTUPUIF*44*O.BZ
4QBDF9DPNQMFUFE

JUTTFDPOEnJHIUVOEFS/"4"T$054QSPHSBN
BOEJO0DUPCFS
UIFDPNQBOZ

MBVODIFEJUTmSTUnJHIUVOEFS/"4"T$34QSPHSBN4FB-BVODIT;FOJU4-

WFIJDMFQFSGPSNFEUISFFMJDFOTFEMBVODIFT
XIJDIDBSSJFE*OUFMTBU
*OUFMTBU


BOE&VUFMTBU#DPNNVOJDBUJPOTTBUFMMJUFTUP(&0	TFF5BCMF


0WFSUIFQBTUmWFZFBST
'""IBTPOBWFSBHFMJDFOTFEGPVSPSmWFMBVODIFTQFS

ZFBS)PXFWFS
JO
'""MJDFOTFEMBVODIFT
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;FOJU4-QFSGPSNFEUIFPOMZ'""MJDFOTFEMBVODIJO
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DPNNFSDJBM(&0DPNNVOJDBUJPOTTBUFMMJUF
"UMBOUJD#JSE
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Date Vehicle 3ULPDU\3D\ORDG Orbit Launch Outcome

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%FD ;FOJU4- &VUFMTBU# (&0 4VDDFTT

Table 26. 2012 FAA-Licensed Orbital Launch Events

Figure 13. FAA-licensed Orbital Launch Events, 2008-2012

2008

5

2009 2010 2011 2012

0

10

8

6

4

2

12

Launches

1

4

5

11
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United States

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Vehicle SpaceX 

Dragon

2012 Total 

Reentries 2

2012 

Licensed 

Reentries

2

Launch 

Reliability 

(2012)

2/2 100%

Reentry 

Reliability 

(Last 10 

Years)

3/3 100%

Year 

of First 

Reentry

2010

Reentry 

Sites

3DFLÀF

Ocean

Payload 

to LEO, kg 

(lbs)

6,000 

(13,228)

Payload 

from LEO, 

kg (lbs)

3,000 

(6,614)

Table 27. FAA-Licensed 

Reentry Vehicles Active 

in 2012

Figure 14. Estimated Revenue for FAA-licensed Orbital Launch Events, 2008-2012

2008 2012 2009 2010 2011

$0

$600

$500

$400

$300

$200

$100

$700

US$ Millions

$690

$398

$307

$100

$408
75

Launch Data and Trends

Table 28. U.S. and FAA-Licensed Launch Vehicles Active in 2012

Vehicle Pegasus 

XL

Delta IV 

Medium+ 

(4,2)

Delta IV 

Medium+ 

(5,2)

Delta IV 

Medium+ 

(5,4)

Delta IV 

Heavy

Atlas V 

401

Atlas V 

501

Atlas V 

531

Atlas V 

551

Falcon 9 

Dragon

Zenit 

3SL

2012 Total 

Launches 1 1 1 1 1 311 123

2012 

Licensed 

Launches

0 0 0 0 0 000 023

Launch 

Reliability 

(2012)

1/1 

100%

1/1 

100%

1/1 

100%

1/1 

100%

1/1 

100%

3/3 

100%

1/1 

100%

1/1 

100%

1/1 

100%

2/2 

100%

3/3 

100%

Launch 

Reliability 

(Last 10 

Years)

11/11 

100%

9/9 

100%

1/1 

100%

2/2 

100%

5/6 

83%

14/14 

100%

4/4 

100%

2/2 

100%

3/3 

100%

4/4 

100%

26/27 

96%

Year 

of First 

Launch

1994 2002 2012 2009 2004 2002 2010 2011 2006 2010 1999

Active 

Launch 

Sites

CCAFS, 

Kwajalein 

Island, 

VAFB

CCAFS, 

VAFB

CCAFS, 

VAFB

CCAFS, 

VAFB

CCAFS, 

VAFB

CCAFS, 

VAFB

CCAFS, 

VAFB

CCAFS, 

KSC CCAFS CCAFS

Odyssey 

3DFLÀF

Ocean 

Platform

LEO kg 

(lbs)

450 

(992)

12,477 

(27,507)

11,062 

(25,387)

13,774 

(30,365)

22,560 

(49,736)

9,797 

(21,598)

8,123 

(17,908)

15,575 

(34,337)

18,814 

(41,478)

13,150 

(28,991) --

GTO kg 

(lbs) -- 6,267 (13,817)

5,433 

(11,978)

7,434 

(16,389)

14,420 

(31,791)

4,750 

(10,470)

3,775 

(8,320)

7,475 

(16,470)

8,900 

(19,620)

4,850 

(10,692)

6,160 

(13,580)
)HGHUDO$YLDWLRQ$GPLQLVWUDWLRQҋV2IÀFHRI&RPPHUFLDO6SDFH7UDQVSRUWDWLRQ

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United Launch Alliance

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FAA-Licensed Multinational Launches: Sea Launch AG

;FOJU4-
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QFSGPSNFEVOEFS'""MJDFOTFT
77

Launch Data and Trends

NON-U.S. ORBITAL LAUNCH ACTIVITIES

5IFGPMMPXJOHTFDUJPOPGUIFSFQPSUIJHIMJHIUTOPO64MBVODIBDUJWJUZPOB

DPVOUSZCZDPVOUSZCBTJT

Russia

*O
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:BNBM

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	34$$
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78

Vehicle Rockot Soyuz Soyuz 2 Soyuz U Proton K Proton M

Country/Region Russia Russia Russia Russia Russia Russia

2012 Total Launches 1 9 2 1 1 10

Launch Reliability 

(2012)

1/1 

100%

9/9 

100%

2/2 

100%

1/1 

100%

1/1 

100%

9/10 

90%

Launch Reliability 

(Last 10 Years)

14/15 

93%

92/95 

97%

15/17 

88%

4/4 

100%

18/18 

100%

60/67 

90%

Year of First Launch 1994 1963 2004 2009 1967 2000

Active Launch Sites Baikonur, 

Plesetsk

Baikonur, 

Plesetsk

Baikonur, 

Plesetsk Plesetsk Baikonur Baikonur

LEO kg (lbs) 2,150 

(4,740)

6,708 

(14,758)

4,850 

(10,692)

6,700 

(14,740)

19,760 

(43,570)

23,000 

(50,706)

GTO kg (lbs) -- 1,350 

(2,975)

1,700 

(3,800) -- 4,430 (9,770)

6,920 

(15,256)

Table 29. Russian Launch Vehicles Active in 2012

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BOE6OJUFE"SBC&NJSBUFT:BITBU6OEFS'""T

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TFWFOPGUIFTFMBVODIFTBSFDPOTJEFSFE

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BMM3VTTJBODPNNFSDJBM1SPUPO

MBVODIFTBSFVOEFSBDPOUSBDUXJUI*-4
79

Launch Data and Trends

Europe

&VSPQFDPOEVDUFEMBVODIFTJOGSPNJUTTQBDFQPSUJO'SFODI(VJBOB

4FWFOXFSFXJUI"SJBOFWFIJDMFT
UXPXJUI4PZV[WFIJDMFT
BOEUIF7FHBSPDLFU

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PUIFSGPVS&VSPQFBOMBVODIFTXFSFOPODPNNFSDJBM
DBSSZJOHQBZMPBETGPSUIF

&VSPQFBO4QBDF"HFODZ
'SFODI4QBDF"HFODZ
BOE*UBMJBO4QBDF"HFODZ

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DBSHPUPUIF*44

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t 5IFTFDPOE4PZV[DBSSJFEUIF1MFJBEFT#SFNPUFTFOTJOHTBUFMMJUF

t 7FHBMBVODIFEOJOFTBUFMMJUFTUP-&0
JODMVEJOHPOFDJWJMBOEFJHIUOPOQSPmU

QBZMPBET

Vehicle Vega Ariane 5 ECA Ariane 5 ES-ATV Soyuz 2

Country/Region Europe Europe Europe Europe

2012 Total Launches 1 6 1 2

Launch Reliability 

(2012)

1/1 

100%

6/6 

100%

1/1 

100%

2/2 

100%

Launch Reliability 

(Last 10 Years)

1/1 

100%

38/39 

97%

3/3 

100%

4/4 

100%

Year of First Launch 2012 2002 2008 2011

Active Launch Sites Kourou Kourou Kourou Kourou

LEO kg (lbs) 1,500 

(3,307)

21,000 

(46,297)

21,000 

(46,297)

4,850 

(10,692)

GTO kg (lbs) -- 9,500 

(20,944) -- 3,250 (7,165)

Table 30. European Launch Vehicles Active in 2012
)HGHUDO$YLDWLRQ$GPLQLVWUDWLRQҋV2IÀFHRI&RPPHUFLDO6SDFH7UDQVSRUWDWLRQ

80

China

$IJOBDPOEVDUFEPSCJUBMMBVODIFT
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JO

UIFTBNFOVNCFSBTJO/JOFMBVODIFTXFSFDPOEVDUFEGSPNUIF

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mWFGSPNUIF+JVRVBO4BUFMMJUF-BVODI$FOUFS


BOEmWFGSPNUIF5BJZVBO4BUFMMJUF-BVODI$FOUFS5BCMFTVNNBSJ[FT

$IJOFTFMBVODIBDUJWJUZCZWFIJDMF.PSFEFUBJMTPO$IJOFTFMBVODIFTBSFCFMPX

t /JOFMBVODIFTXFSFGPS$IJOBTNJMJUBSZ5IFTFMBVODIFTEFQMPZFEmWF

#FJEPVOBWJHBUJPOTBUFMMJUFT
mWF:BPHBOSFNPUFTFOTJOHTBUFMMJUFT
UISFF

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$IJOBTBU"

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BOEEPDLFEGPSUIFmSTUUJNFXJUIUIF5JBOHPOH

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JODMVEJOH

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BOEPOF

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t 5XPMBVODIFTXFSFDPNNFSDJBM0OFMBVODIEFQMPZFEUIF"145"3TBUFMMJUF

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t 0OFOPODPNNFSDJBMMBVODIEFQMPZFEUIF7344TBUFMMJUFCVJMUCZ$IJOB

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BOEBOPUIFSOPODPNNFSDJBMMBVODIEFQMPZFE"145"3#


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(PWFSONFOUBOEXJMMCFPQFSBUFEBT$IJOBTBU
81

Launch Data and Trends

Japan

+BQBOIBEUXPMBVODIFTUIJTZFBSPOF)**"MBVODIPGQBZMPBETUPTVO

TZODISPOPVTPSCJU	440
BOEPOF)**#*44DBSHPSFTVQQMZNJTTJPO+BQBOBMTP

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POF)**"BOEPOF)**#*O4FQUFNCFS
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BOE.JUTVCJTIJ)FBWZ*OEVTUSJFT-5%

	.)*
BOOPVODFEBOFGGPSUUPQSJWBUJ[FUIF)**#MBVODITFSWJDF6OEFSUIFOFX

BSSBOHFNFOU
+"9"XJMMQSPDVSFUIF)**#USBOTQPSUBUJPOBOEMBVODITFSWJDFGSPN

.)*XIFOJUMBVODIFTBQBZMPBEPOUIF)**#

India

5IF*OEJBO4QBDF3FTFBSDI0SHBOJ[BUJPO	*430
QFSGPSNFEUXP14-7MBVODIFT

JO5IFQSJNBSZQBZMPBETXFSFSFNPUFTFOTJOHTBUFMMJUFTUP440*O"QSJM


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XIJDIJTJOUFOEFE

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'SBODFTSFNPUFTFOTJOHTBUFMMJUF
4105*OEJBIBEUISFF14-7MBVODIFTJO



Vehicle

Long 

March 

2C

Long 

March 

2D

Long 

March 

2F

Long 

March 

3A

Long 

March 

3B

Long 

March 

3C

Long 

March 

4B

Long 

March 

4C

Country/Region China China China China China China China China

2012 Total 

Launches 23115322

Launch 

Reliability 

(2012)

2/2 

100%

3/3 

100%

1/1 

100%

1/1 

100%

5/5 

100%

3/3 

100%

2/2 

100%

2/2 

100%

Launch 

Reliability 

(Last 10 Years)

16/17 

94%

15/15 

100%

8/8 

100%

17/17 

100%

18/18 

100%

10/10 

100%

16/16 

100%

8/8 

100%

Year of First 

Launch 1975 1992 1999 1994 1996 2008 1999 2007

Active Launch 

Sites

Jiuquan, 

Taiyuan, 

Xichang

Jiuquan Jiuquan Taiyuan, 

Xichang Xichang Xichang Taiyuan Taiyuan

LEO kg (lbs) 3,850 

(8,488)

1,300 

(2,866)

8,400 

(18,500) -- -- -- 4,200 (9,259)

4,200 

(9,259)

GTO kg (lbs) 1,250 

(2,756) -- -- 2,600 (5,732)

5,100 

(11,244)

3,800 

(8,378)

1,500 

(3,300)

1,500 

(3,300)

Table 31. Chinese Launch Vehicles Active in 2012
)HGHUDO$YLDWLRQ$GPLQLVWUDWLRQҋV2IÀFHRI&RPPHUFLDO6SDFH7UDQVSRUWDWLRQ

82

Vehicle H IIA H IIB PSLV CA PSLV XL 6DÀU Unha

Country/Region Japan Japan India India Iran North 

Korea

2012 Total 

Launches 1 1 11 3 2

Launch 

Reliability (2012)

1/1 

100%

1/1 

100%

1/1 

100%

1/1 

100%

1/3 

33%

1/2 

50%

Launch 

Reliability 

(Last 10 Years)

19/20 

95%

3/3 

100%

2/2 

100%

1/1 

100%

3/6 

50%

1/3 

33%

Year of First 

Launch 2001 2009 2009 2012 2009 2009

Active Launch 

Sites Tanegashima Tanegashima Satish Dhawan

Satish 

Dhawan

Semnan 

Providence

Musudanri

LEO kg (lbs) 10,000 

(23,046)

16,500 

(36,376)

2,100 

(4,630)

1,800 

(3,968)

27 

(60)

100 

(220)

GTO kg (lbs) 6,000 

(13,228)

8,000 

(17,600) -- 1,140 (2,513) -- --

Table 32. Japanese, Indian, Iranian, and North Korean Launch Vehicles Active in 2012

Iran

*SBOT4BmSSPDLFUBUUFNQUFEUPMBVODIUISFFUJNFT5IF'FCSVBSZMBVODI

EFQMPZFE/BWJEF&MNP4BOBU
BSFNPUFTFOTJOHTBUFMMJUF
JO-&05XPPUIFS

BUUFNQUTJO.BZBOE4FQUFNCFSSFTVMUFEJOGBJMVSFT

North Korea

5IF/PSUI,PSFBO6OIBSPDLFUNBEFUXPMBVODIBUUFNQUT5IFmSTU
JO"QSJM


GBJMFE5IFTFDPOEMBVODI
JO%FDFNCFS
BQQFBSFEUPQVUBQBZMPBEJO-&0
B

mSTUGPS/PSUI,PSFB

5BCMFTVNNBSJ[FTUIFMBVODIWFIJDMFTPG+BQBO
*OEJB
*SBO
BOE/PSUI,PSFB

UIBUXFSFBDUJWFJO
83

Launch Data and Trends

FAA SUBORBITAL FLIGHT SUMMARY

0O0DUPCFSBOE/PWFNCFS
"SNBEJMMP"FSPTQBDFDPOEVDUFEUIFmSTU

FWFSMJDFOTFEMBVODIFTPVUPG4QBDFQPSU"NFSJDBXJUIUIFJS45*(#TVCPSCJUBM

SFVTBCMFWFIJDMF	437
5IF0DUPCFS45*(#nJHIUXBTUIFmSTUMJDFOTFE

MBVODIGSPN4QBDFQPSU"NFSJDB5IFMBVODIFYQFSJFODFEBOJOnJHIUBCPSU


NFBOJOHJUEJEOPUSFBDIJUTQMBOOFEBMUJUVEF
CVUUIFWFIJDMFXBTTVDDFTTGVMMZ

SFDPWFSFEJOUBDUBOEMBUFSVTFEUPDPOEVDUMBVODIUFTUTJO/PWFNCFS"SNBEJMMP

TVDDFTTGVMMZMBVODIFEJUT45*("WFIJDMFBTBDMBTTBNBUFVSSPDLFUJO+BOVBSZ


CVUUIFWFIJDMFXBTMPTUEVSJOHSFDPWFSZ

%VFUPUIFDIBOHFTJOUIFBNBUFVSSPDLFUSFHVMBUJPOTJOUIBUSFNPWFEUIF

TFDPOECVSOUJNFMJNJU
"SNBEJMMP"FSPTQBDF
#MVF0SJHJO
4QBDF9
.BTUFO


BOE61"FSPTQBDFXFSFBMMBCMFUPDPOEVDUTPNFPGUIFJSMBVODIFTVOEFSUIF

BNBUFVSSPDLFUSFHVMBUJPOT"OBNBUFVSSPDLFUJTBOVONBOOFESPDLFUUIBUIBT

MFTTUIBO
QPVOETFDPOETPGUPUBMJNQVMTFBOEDBOOPUSFBDIBOBMUJUVEF

HSFBUFSUIBOLJMPNFUFSTBCPWFUIFFBSUITTVSGBDF5IFSFBSFUISFFEJGGFSFOU

BNBUFVSSPDLFUDMBTTFTJO$'31BSU$MBTTJTBNPEFMSPDLFUUIBUVTFT

OPNPSFUIBOPVODFTPGQSPQFMMBOUVTFTBTMPXCVSOJOHQSPQFMMBOUJTNBEF

PGQBQFS
XPPE
PSCSFBLBCMFQMBTUJDDPOUBJOTOPTVCTUBOUJBMNFUBMQBSUTBOE

XFJHITOPNPSFUIBOPVODFTJODMVEJOHUIFQSPQFMMBOU$MBTTJTBIJHI

QPXFSSPDLFU
PUIFSUIBOBNPEFMSPDLFU
UIBUJTQSPQFMMFECZBNPUPSPSNPUPST

IBWJOHBDPNCJOFEUPUBMJNQVMTFPG
QPVOETFDPOETPSMFTT$MBTTJTBO

BEWBODFEIJHIQPXFSSPDLFU
PUIFSUIBOBNPEFMSPDLFUPSIJHIQPXFSSPDLFU

4QBDF9TVDDFTTGVMMZUFTUFEJUT(SBTTIPQQFSWFIJDMFUISFFUJNFTEVSJOHBU

UIFDPNQBOZTUFTUJOHGBDJMJUJFTJO.D(SFHPS
5FYBT5IFmSTUUFTUXBTDPOEVDUFE

VOEFSUIFBNBUFVSSPDLFUSFHVMBUJPOTBOEBMMTVCTFRVFOUUFTUTXFSFDPOEVDUFE

VOEFSBO'""FYQFSJNFOUBMQFSNJUCFDBVTFPGUIFTJ[FBOEQPXFSPGUIF.FSMJO

%FOHJOF*OJUTUIJSEUFTU
PO%FDFNCFS
(SBTTIPQQFSMJGUFEPGGWFSUJDBMMZUP

BOBMUJUVEFPGNFUFST	GFFU

IPWFSFE
BOETVDDFTTGVMMZMBOEFEWFSUJDBMMZ

CBDLPOUIFQBE5IF(SBTTIPQQFSJTBnJHIUUFTUWFIJDMFUIBUTVQQPSUTUIF

DPNQBOZTQSPHSBNUPEFWFMPQBSFVTBCMF'BMDPOmSTUTUBHF

Operator 7\SHRI)$$$XWKRUL]DWLRQ Launch Date Vehicle

Armadillo 

"FSPTQBDF -BVODI0QFSBUPS-JDFOTF 0DU/PW 45*(#

4DBMFE

$PNQPTJUFT "JSXPSUIJOFTT$FSUJmDBUF

%FD

"VH

"VH

"VH

+VM

+VO

+VO

4QBDF4IJQ5XP

4QBDF9 &YQFSJNFOUBM1FSNJU %FD

/PW (SBTTIPQQFS

Table 33. FAA 2012 Suborbital License and Flight Summary
)HGHUDO$YLDWLRQ$GPLQLVWUDWLRQҋV2IÀFHRI&RPPHUFLDO6SDFH7UDQVSRUWDWLRQ

84

#MVF0SJHJOTVDDFTTGVMMZUFTUFEJUTMBVODIFTDBQFTZTUFNGPSUIF/FX4IFQBSE

437BUJUTMBVODIGBDJMJUZJO8FTU5FYBTVOEFSUIFBNBUFVSSPDLFUSFHVMBUJPOT

.BTUFO4QBDF4ZTUFNTDPOEVDUFETFWFSBMUFTUTGSPNJUTMPDBUJPOBU.PKBWF"JS

BOE4QBDF1PSU5IFDPNQBOZTVDDFTTGVMMZmSFEJUT,BUBOBFOHJOF	,"4
UIBU

XJMMCFVTFEGPSJUT9PHEPS437BOE9FVTMVOBSMBOEFSEFNPOTUSBUPS.BTUFOT

9BFSP437TVDDFFEFEJOSFBDIJOHBOBMUJUVEFPGNFUFST	
GFFU
JO

+VMZ
BOEUPQQFEPOFLJMPNFUFSJOBMUJUVEFJO4FQUFNCFS"UISPUUMFWBMWFGBJMVSF

PDDVSSFEEVSJOHUIFMBTUnJHIU
VMUJNBUFMZEFTUSPZJOHUIFWFIJDMFVQPOJNQBDUXJUI

UIFHSPVOE5IFDPNQBOZJTDPOTUSVDUJOHUIF9BFSP#
XIJDIXJMMCFQPXFSFE

CZ.BTUFOTOFX4DJNJUBSFOHJOF'JOBMMZ
.BTUFOTVDDFTTGVMMZDPOEVDUFE

BUSBOTMBUJPOnJHIUVTJOHJUT9PNCJFWFIJDMF
XIJDIMBVODIFEWFSUJDBMMZUPBO

BMUJUVEFPGNFUFST	
GFFU

USBOTMBUFEIPSJ[POUBMMZNFUFST	


GFFU

BOEMBOEFEWFSUJDBMMZPOBOPUIFSQBE4PGBS
BMM.BTUFOnJHIUTIBWF

MBVODIFEBTBNBUVFSSPDLFUT

0O"QSJM
61"FSPTQBDFDPOEVDUFEJUTUFOUIMBVODIGSPN4QBDFQPSU"NFSJDB


DBSSZJOHQBZMPBETGPS%P%
/"4"
UIF'""$FOUFSPG&YDFMMFODFGPS$PNNFSDJBM

4QBDF5SBOTQPSUBUJPO
BOEUIF6OJWFSTJUZPG5FYBT5IFDPNQBOZMBVODIFTJUT

4QBDF-PGUWFIJDMFBTBDMBTTBNBUFVSSPDLFU

4DBMFE$PNQPTJUFTDPOUJOVFTUPDPOEVDUnJHIUUFTUTPG4QBDF4IJQ5XPBOE

JUTDBSSJFSBJSDSBGU8IJUF,OJHIU5XPGSPNJUTCBTFBU.PKBWF"JSBOE4QBDF1PSU

JO$BMJGPSOJB8IJMFOPUUFDIOJDBMMZMBVODIFT
TFWFOVOQPXFSFEnJHIUUFTUT

PG4QBDF4IJQ5XPXFSFDPOEVDUFEEVSJOHVOEFSBO'""FYQFSJNFOUBM

BJSXPSUIJOFTTDFSUJmDBUF5IFmOBMHMJEFUFTUPG4QBDF4IJQ5XPJOGFBUVSFE

BGVMMZJOUFHSBUFEQSPQVMTJPOTZTUFN4DBMFE$PNQPTJUFTXBTHSBOUFEBO

&YQFSJNFOUBM1FSNJUJO.BZGPSSPDLFUQPXFSFEnJHIUT4DBMFE$PNQPTJUFT

XBTUIFmSTUDPNNFSDJBMDPNQBOZUPnZIVNBOTJOTQBDFJOBOEJTOPX

UIFmSTUUPFYFSDJTFUIFOFXIVNBOTQBDFnJHIUSFHVMBUJPOTUIBUXFSFJTTVFEJO

SFTQPOTFUPUIF$PNNFSDJBM4QBDF-BVODI"NFOENFOUT"DUPG
85

Launch Data and Trends

2012 SPACE TRANSPORTATION TRENDS

FIVE-YEAR WORLDWIDE SPACE TRANSPORTATION 

TRENDS

5IFSFXFSFPSCJUBMMBVODIFTJOUIFQBTUmWFZFBST#FUXFFOBOE


UIFSFIBTCFFOBOBWFSBHFPGPSCJUBMMBVODIFTQFSZFBSXPSMEXJEF	4FF

'JHVSF


3VTTJBBOEUIF6OJUFE4UBUFTIBWFDPOEVDUFEUIFNPTUPSCJUBMMBVODIFT


GPMMPXFECZ$IJOBBOE&VSPQF	TFF'JHVSF
3VTTJBBOE&VSPQFIBWF

DPOEVDUFEUIFNPTUDPNNFSDJBMMBVODIFT5IFSFXFSFDPNNFSDJBMPSCJUBM

MBVODIFTGSPNUP
XJUIUIFIJHIFTUOVNCFSPGMBVODIFT

PDDVSSJOH

JO
BOEUIFMPXFTUOVNCFSPGMBVODIFT

JO*O
UIFSFXFSF

DPNNFSDJBMMBVODIFT	4FF'JHVSF


Figure 15. Five-Year Summary (2008-2012) of Commercial and Non-Commercial Launch Events

Figure 16. Five-Year Worldwide Total Orbital 

Launch Market Share (2008-2012) 

Figure 17. Five-Year Worldwide Commercial 

Orbital Launch Market Share (2008-2012) 

Russia

141 (37%)

Europe

36 (9%)

5PUBM

383 launches

USA

85 (22%)

China

70 (18%)

Multinational: 15 (4%)

North Korea: 3 (1%)

India: 13 (3%)

Japan: 11 (3%)

Iran: 6 (2%)

Israel 1 (0%)

South Korea: 2 (1%)

Russia

51 (45%)

Europe

26 (23%)

USA

China 16 (14%)

5 (4%)

Multinational

15 (13%)

5PUBM

113 commercial 

launches

2008 2012 2009 2010 2011

23 18 20 24 28

58

66 51 54 41

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0

Non-commercial

Commercial

Launches
)HGHUDO$YLDWLRQ$GPLQLVWUDWLRQҋV2IÀFHRI&RPPHUFLDO6SDFH7UDQVSRUWDWLRQ

86

Figure 19. Launch Failures by Vehicle, 2008-2012

Falcon 9

Taurus XL

Proton M

Rockot

6R\X]

6R\X]

Long March 2

Long March 3

PSLV

6DÀU

Unha

KSLV

1

2

3

4

5

6

1

2

5

11 11

2 2

3

2 2

Launches

0

4FB-BVODIIBTSFFOUFSFEUIFNBSLFUQMBDFBOEBQQFBSTUPIBWFUBLFONBSLFU

TIBSFGSPN3VTTJB$PNNFSDJBMMBVODIFTPWFSBMMIBWFCFFOTUFBEZ
CVUEJQQFE

TMJHIUMZJO"GUFSIBWJOHOPDPNNFSDJBMMBVODIFTJO
UIF6OJUFE4UBUFT

IBEUXPDPNNFSDJBMMBVODIFTJO
CPUIMBVODIFTXFSFQBSUPG/"4"T

QSPHSBNUPFODPVSBHFUIFEFWFMPQNFOUPGDPNNFSDJBMDBSHPBOEDSFXTFSWJDFT

UPUIF*44

5IFSFIBWFCFFOBUMFBTUUISFFMBVODIGBJMVSFTQFSZFBSPWFSUIFMBTUmWFZFBST

	5IFEFmOJUJPOPGBMBVODIGBJMVSFJTJO"QQFOEJY
'JWFMBVODIFTGBJMFEJO


BOETJYGBJMFEJO5IFPOMZSFDFOUZFBSXJUIBIJHIFSOVNCFSPGGBJMVSFTXBT


JOXIJDIFJHIUGBJMVSFTPDDVSSFE5IFMBVODIGBJMVSFTJODMVEFEUXP

3VTTJBOMBVODIFT	JODMVEJOHPOFQBSUJBM

UXP*SBOJBO
BOEPOF/PSUI,PSFBO

MBVODIGBJMVSF0WFSUIFQBTUmWFZFBST
UIFPWFSBMMGBJMVSFSBUFGPSDPNNFSDJBM

MBVODIFTJTQFSDFOU
DPNQBSFEUPBTMJHIUMZIJHIFSGBJMVSFSBUFPGQFSDFOU

GPSBMMMBVODIFT*GPOFSFNPWFTMBVODIFTCZ/PSUI,PSFBBOE*SBO
UIFGBJMVSF

SBUFESPQTUPTMJHIUMZVOEFSQFSDFOU'JHVSFQSFTFOUTBmWFZFBSUSFOEPG

PSCJUBMMBVODITVDDFTTFTBOEGBJMVSFT-BVODIGBJMVSFTGSPNUIFMBTUmWFZFBSTBSF

CSPLFOEPXOCZMBVODIWFIJDMFJO'JHVSF

Figure 18. Five-Year Summary (2008-2012) of Commercial and 

Non-Commercial Launch Events, Successes and Failures

2008 2012 2009 2010 2011

23 17 20 24 26

53

61

47

51

40

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0

5

5

4

3

1

1

2

Successful Commercial 

Launches

Successful Noncommercial Launches

Commercial Launch 

Failures

Non-commercial 

Launch Failures

Launches

Russia

Iran

China

North 

India Korea

South 

Korea

United 

States
87

Launch Data and Trends

5BCMFMJTUTDPNNFSDJBMBOEOPODPNNFSDJBMMBVODIGBJMVSFTPGUIFNPTU

BDUJWFMZMBVODIJOHDPVOUSJFTBOESFHJPOTGSPNUP5IF6OJUFE4UBUFT


3VTTJB
BOE$IJOBFYQFSJFODFECPUIDPNNFSDJBMBOEOPODPNNFSDJBMMBVODI

GBJMVSFTJOUIJTmWFZFBSQFSJPE
XIJMF&VSPQFIBEOPOF3VTTJBIBEUIFMBSHFTU

OVNCFSPGMBVODIFT
DPNNFSDJBMBOEOPODPNNFSDJBM
BOEUIFMBSHFTUOVNCFS

PGGBJMVSFT5IF6OJUFE4UBUFTBOE$IJOBIBEPDDBTJPOBMMBVODIGBJMVSFTUIBUEJE

OPUGPMMPXBOZQBSUJDVMBSQBUUFSO

$PNNFSDJBMMBVODISFWFOVFTJODSFBTFEBMNPTUCJMMJPOCFUXFFOBOE


GSPNCJMMJPOUPBCPVUCJMMJPO3FWFOVFTESPQQFEJOUP

BQQSPYJNBUFMZCJMMJPO
EVFUPTFWFSBMDPNNFSDJBMMBVODIFTCFJOHQVTIFE

CBDL*O
SFWFOVFSFUVSOFEUPUIFCJMMJPOMFWFM	4FF'JHVSFBOE

5BCMF
8JUIUIFOVNCFSPGDPNNFSDJBMMBVODIFTSFMBUJWFMZDPOTUBOUPSTMJHIUMZ

EFDSFBTJOH
UIFDPNNFSDJBMMBVODISFWFOVFTIBWFJODSFBTFE
XJUIMFTTTNBMM

DMBTTMBVODIWFIJDMFTVTFEBOENPSFMBVODIFTQFSGPSNFECZNPSFFYQFOTJWF

MBSHFSWFIJDMFT
JODMVEJOHUIPTFQSPWJEJOHEVBMNBOJGFTUTFSWJDFTUP(&0

5IFmWFZFBSBWFSBHFPGDPNNFSDJBM(40MBVODIFTJTBOEIBTSFNBJOFE

GBJSMZDPOTJTUFOU
XIJMFUIFOVNCFSPGDPNNFSDJBM/(40MBVODIFTQFSZFBS

IBTnVDUVBUFETJHOJmDBOUMZ5IFEFNBOEGPSDPNNFSDJBM/(40MBVODIFT


XIJDIQFBLFEJOUIFMBUFT
XBTMPXVOUJMBTIBSQJODSFBTFJO



BOEBHBJOJO5IFTFIJHIMFWFMTXFSFNPTUMZESJWFOCZUIFMBVODIPG

SFQMBDFNFOUTBUFMMJUFTGPSFYJTUJOHDPOTUFMMBUJPOT
TVDIBT03#$0..BOE

(MPCBMTUBS
BOECZUIFMBVODIPGOFXDPOTUFMMBUJPOT
TVDIBT4"3-VQFBOE

$04.04LZ.FE	'JHVSFCSFBLTEPXODPNNFSDJBMMBVODIFTCZPSCJUUZQF

GPSUIFMBTUmWFZFBST
5IFEFNBOEGPSDPNNFSDJBM/(40MBVODIFTJTBMTP

BGGFDUFECZ/"4"T$PNNFSDJBM$SFXBOE$BSHP1SPHSBN
XIJDIIBTPSEFSFE

DPNNFSDJBMDBSHPnJHIUTUPUIF*44VOEFS$34DPOUSBDUTBOEXJMMFWFOUVBMMZ

DIBSUFSDSFXFEnJHIUTBTXFMM4QBDF9DPOEVDUFEJUTmSTUDBSHPnJHIUUIJTZFBS


BOE0SCJUBMQMBOTUPCFHJOnZJOHUPUIF*44OFYUZFBS5IFOVNCFSPG/(40

MBVODIFTJTFYQFDUFEUPTMJHIUMZJODSFBTFJOBT/"4"T$054BOE$34

nJHIUTDPOUJOVF
BOE(MPCBMTUBSDPOUJOVFTUPSFQMBDFJUTDPOTUFMMBUJPO

&RXQWU\

Region Launches 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

6OJUFE

4UBUFT

5PUBM'BJMFE/PODPNNFSDJBM     

5PUBM'BJMFE$PNNFSDJBM     

3VTTJB 5PUBM'BJMFE/PODPNNFSDJBM     

5PUBM'BJMFE$PNNFSDJBM     

&VSPQF 5PUBM'BJMFE/PODPNNFSDJBM     

5PUBM'BJMFE$PNNFSDJBM     

$IJOB 5PUBM'BJMFE/PODPNNFSDJBM     

5PUBM'BJMFE$PNNFSDJBM     

Table 34. Five-Year Summary of Orbital Launch Failures by Country and Launch Type, 2008-2012
)HGHUDO$YLDWLRQ$GPLQLVWUDWLRQҋV2IÀFHRI&RPPHUFLDO6SDFH7UDQVSRUWDWLRQ

88

&RXQWU\5HJLRQ 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

6OJUFE4UBUFT     

3VTTJB     

&VSPQF  
 
  


$IJOB     

.VMUJOBUJPOBM     

TOTAL $1,971 $2,410 $2,453 $1,927 $2,413

Table 35. Estimated Commercial Launch Revenues, 2008-2012 (US$ Millions) 

GEO

NGSO

Figure 21. Five-Year Global Commercial Launch Events by Orbit (2008-2012) 

NGSO

2008 2012 2009 2010 2011

10

18

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

5

19

8

15

3

15

3

17

Launches

Figure 20. Approximate Launch Revenues for Commercial Launch Events (2008-2012) 

2008 2012 2009 2010 2011

$0

$500











$215

$700

$475

$581

United States

Russia

Europe

China

Multinational

$298



$280

$742 $826

$307

$880

$200

$707 $595

$90

$300



$70

 $140

$108

US$ Millions

GEO

NGSO
89

Launch Data and Trends

Figure 22. Five-Year Global Commercial Payloads by Orbit (2008-2012) 

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

19

GEO

NGSO

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

23

4

22

12

21

14

21

5

22

3D\ORDGV

'JHVSFTIPXTUIFOVNCFSPGQBZMPBETQSPWJEJOHDPNNFSDJBMTFSWJDFT

MBVODIFEPODPNNFSDJBMBOEOPODPNNFSDJBMWFIJDMFTPWFSUIFQBTUmWF

ZFBST5IFOVNCFSPGDPNNFSDJBM/(40TBUFMMJUFTMBVODIFEQFSZFBSnVDUVBUFT

TJHOJmDBOUMZ
NPTUMZCFDBVTF/(40TBUFMMJUFTPGUFOBSFMBVODIFEPOBTJOHMF

WFIJDMF5IFMBVODIFTPG(MPCBMTUBS	JOBOEJO

03#$0..	JO


BOE3BQJE&ZFDPOTUFMMBUJPOTBUFMMJUFT	JO
BDDPVOUGPSUIFJODSFBTF

JOUIFOVNCFSPGQBZMPBETMBVODIFEJO

BOE

Commercial Satellite and Launch Trends

5IFDPNNFSDJBMTQBDFUSBOTQPSUBUJPONBSLFUJTESJWFOMBSHFMZCZUIFEFNBOEGPS

MBVODIFTPG(&0UFMFDPNNVOJDBUJPOTTBUFMMJUFTBOEUPBMFTTFS
CVUQPUFOUJBMMZ

HSPXJOH
FYUFOUCZBWBSJFUZPG/(40QBZMPBET)JTUPSJDBMMZ
UIFNBKPSJUZPG

DPNNFSDJBMMBVODIFTIBWFCFFOUP(&06TVBMMZ
(&0MBVODIFTEFQMPZMBSHFS

QBZMPBETBOESFRVJSFMBSHFSMBVODIWFIJDMFT
UIVTHFOFSBUJOHNPSFSFWFOVFUIBO

MBVODIFTUP/(40

5IFTVQQMZPGMBVODIWFIJDMFPQUJPOTDPOUJOVFTUPJODSFBTF
EFTQJUFPOMZB

NBSHJOBMJODSFBTFJOEFNBOEGPSMBVODIFT$PNQFUJUJPOSFNBJOTTUSPOHCFUXFFO

6OJUFE4UBUFT
3VTTJBO
&VSPQFBO
BOENVMUJOBUJPOBMQSPWJEFST
XIJMFOFX

FOUSBOUTBSFFOUFSJOH
SFFOUFSJOH
PSBEWBODJOHUPXBSEUIFDPNNFSDJBMNBSLFU

'PSFYBNQMF
UIF-BOE-BVODIWFSTJPOPGUIF;FOJU
UIF%OFQS
UIF4PZV[

	MBVODIFEBOENBSLFUFECZ"SJBOFTQBDF

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GPSDPNNFSDJBMMBVODIFT5IF+BQBOFTFBSFNBSLFUJOHUIF)**#DPNNFSDJBMMZ


BOE*OEJBOBOE$IJOFTFQSPWJEFST
BMUIPVHIMJNJUFECZ6OJUFE4UBUFTFYQPSU

DPOUSPMQPMJDJFT
BMTPUBSHFUDPNNFSDJBMMBVODIDVTUPNFST5IFOFXMZJOUSPEVDFE

7FHBBOE0SCJUBMT"OUBSFTWFIJDMF
XIJDIIBTZFUUPNBLFJUTmSTUnJHIU
BSFCPUI

TFUUPKPJOUIJTEJWFSTFTFUPGMBVODIWFIJDMFTPGGFSFEPOBDPNNFSDJBMCBTJT
XJUI

DPNNFSDJBMMBVODIFTQMBOOFEGPSFBDIJO
)HGHUDO$YLDWLRQ$GPLQLVWUDWLRQҋV2IÀFHRI&RPPHUFLDO6SDFH7UDQVSRUWDWLRQ

90

Small Vehicle Commercial Launch Trends

5IFDPNNFSDJBMVTFPGTNBMMMBVODIWFIJDMFTIBTEFDMJOFEJOUIFMBTUmWFZFBST

*O
UIFSFXFSFFJHIUTVDIMBVODIFTUIBUOVNCFSXBTDVUJOIBMGUPGPVS

JOBOEJO
UIFSFXBTBTJOHMFMBVODIBOEUIFSFXBTOPOFJO

)PXFWFS
JO
UXPDPNNFSDJBM%OFQSMBVODIFTGPSQSJNBSZQBZMPBET

%VCBJTBUBOE,PNQTBUBSFFYQFDUFE7FHBBMTPJOUFOETUPMBVODIDPNNFSDJBM

QBZMPBETJO5IFSFDFOUEFDSFBTFJOUIFOVNCFSPGDPNNFSDJBMMBVODIFT

POTNBMMWFIJDMFTJTEVFUPTPNFTNBMMWFIJDMFTOPMPOHFSCFJOHPGGFSFE
TVDI

BTUIF'BMDPOBOE,PTNPT.
BOEUIFJODSFBTFEPQQPSUVOJUZGPSTNBMM

QBZMPBET
FTQFDJBMMZNJDSPBOEOBOPTBUFMMJUFT	DVCFTBUT

UPnZJOFYQFOTJWFMZ

BTQJHHZCBDLQBZMPBETPOUIF"UMBT7PS'BMDPO5IF"OUBSFTJOBVHVSBMnJHIU

MBUFSUIJTZFBSXJMMBMTPnZDVCFTBUTBTTFDPOEBSZQBZMPBET

/FXWFIJDMFTBSFFYQFDUFEUPCFDPNFBWBJMBCMFXJUIJOUIFOFYUUXPUPUISFF

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&QTJMPO

	+BQBO

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5IFTFWFIJDMFTBSFEFTJHOFEUPMBVODI

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TBUFMMJUFTMBVODIJOHBTQJHHZCBDLQBZMPBETPOMBSHFSWFIJDMFT
FYJTUJOHBOE

VQDPNJOHTNBMMDMBTTMBVODIWFIJDMFTNBZCFMJNJUFEUPUIFTNBMMFSNBSLFUPG

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,QWHUQDWLRQDOO\&RPSHWHG/DXQFKHV

5IFUFSNTiDPNNFSDJBMQBZMPBEwBOEiDPNNFSDJBMMBVODIwBSFDPNQMFYBOE

PQFOUPJOUFSQSFUBUJPO	4FFUIF"QQFOEJYGPSEFmOJUJPOTPGUIFTFUFSNT
'JHVSF

TIPXTUSFOETGPSFBDIDPVOUSZXIPTFMBVODIQSPWJEFSTDPNQFUFJOUIF

JOUFSOBUJPOBMNBSLFUQMBDF5IFDIBSUSFnFDUTPOMZMBVODITFSWJDFQSPWJEFST

DPNQFUJOHJOUIFJOUFSOBUJPOBMNBSLFUQMBDFGPSPQFOCJEMBVODITFSWJDF

DPOUSBDUT'SPNUP
UIFSFXFSFJOUFSOBUJPOBMMZDPNQFUFEMBVODI

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OBUJPOBMTBUFMMJUFPQFSBUPSTJODPVOUSJFTTVDI

BT3VTTJBBOE$IJOBNPSFPGUFOUVSOEJSFDUMZUPUIFTFSWJDFTPGUIFJSEPNFTUJD

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TJODFUIPTFMBVODIFTBSFDPNQFUFE

POMZXJUIJOUIF6OJUFE4UBUFT
UIFBEEJUJPOBMMBVODIFTXJMMOPUJODSFBTFUIFUPUBM

OVNCFSPGJOUFSOBUJPOBMMZDPNQFUFEMBVODIFT

Figure 23. Five-Year Worldwide Internationally Competed Launch Events (2008-2012)

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

6

10

1 1

4

2 2

13

1

5

3 2

4

6

4

11

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

5

10

6

7

United States

Russia

Europe

China

Multinational

Launches
91

Launch Data and Trends

5IFQSFWJPVTTVNNBSZQSPWJEFEBOBOBMZTJTPGXPSMEXJEFMBVODIUSFOETGPS

DBMFOEBSZFBS5IFGPMMPXJOHTVNNBSZQSPWJEFTBMPPLCZmTDBMZFBS	':


'PSUIFGVMMFY 2012 Year in Review
QMFBTFWJTJUIUUQXXXGBBHPWBCPVUPGmDF@

PSHIFBERVBSUFST@PGmDFTBTUSFQPSUT@TUVEJFTZFBS@SFWJFX

FY 2012 WORLDWIDE ORBITAL LAUNCH ACTIVITY

*O':
UIF6OJUFE4UBUFT
3VTTJB
&VSPQF
$IJOB
*OEJB
+BQBO
/PSUI,PSFB


*SBO
BOEPOFNVMUJOBUJPOBMDPNQBOZDPOEVDUFEBUPUBMPGMBVODIFT
PG

XIJDIXFSFDPNNFSDJBM	TFF5BCMFBOE'JHVSFTBOE
5IJTOVNCFSXBT

VODIBOHFEGSPNUIFQSFWJPVTmTDBMZFBS
XIJDIBMTPTBXMBVODIFT
PGXIJDI

XFSFDPNNFSDJBM5IJTZFBSUXPMBVODIFTSFTVMUFEJOGBJMVSFT/PSUI,PSFBT

6OIBJO"QSJMBOE3VTTJBT1SPUPO.JO"VHVTU

Table 36. FY 2012 Worldwide Orbital Launch Events

Commercial 

Launches

NonCommercial 

Launches

Total 

Launches

United States   

Russia   

Europe   8

China   

India  

Japan  

North Korea  

Iran  

Multinational  

TOTAL 21 59 80

Figure 24. FY 2012 Total Worldwide 

Launch Activity

21

59

0 

5 

10 

15 

20 

25 

30 

35 

Number of Launchess 

Figure 25. FY 2012 Total Worldwide Launch Activity

USA Russia China Europe Japan India Iran North

Korea

Multinational

SUMMARY OF FY 2012 YEAR IN REVIEW

Non-Commercial Launches

Commercial Launches

Non-Commercial Launches

Commercial Launches
)HGHUDO$YLDWLRQ$GPLQLVWUDWLRQҋV2IÀFHRI&RPPHUFLDO6SDFH7UDQVSRUWDWLRQ

92

FY 2012 WORLDWIDE COMMERCIAL LAUNCH TRENDS

"QQSPYJNBUFMZPOFRVBSUFSPGUIFUPUBMMBVODIFTJO':XFSFDPNNFSDJBM

5IFGPMMPXJOHJTBTVNNBSZPGUIF':DPNNFSDJBMPSCJUBMMBVODIFTCZ

DPVOUSZ	TFF'JHVSFTBOE


t 5IF6OJUFE4UBUFTQFSGPSNFEBUPUBMPGMBVODIFT
JODMVEJOHDPNNFSDJBM

MBVODIUP*44

t 3VTTJBIBEUIFIJHIFTUUPUBMPSCJUBM	
BOEUPUBMDPNNFSDJBMMBVODIFT	


t &VSPQFDPOEVDUFEFJHIUMBVODIFTJO':
GPVSPGXIJDIXFSF

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t $IJOBIBEMBVODIFT
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t *OEJBIBEUISFFUPUBMMBVODIFT
POFPGXIJDIXBTDPNNFSDJBM

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TUFBEZ*O':
UIFSFXBTBUPUBMPGXPSMEXJEFPSCJUBMMBVODIFT
PG

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UIF6OJUFE4UBUFTDPOEVDUFEPSCJUBM

MBVODIFT
PGXIJDIXFSFDPNNFSDJBM5IFTFUXPDPNNFSDJBMMBVODIFT

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5IFEFDSFBTFPGFJHIU64MBVODIFTJO':
GSPN':
JTQSJNBSJMZ

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TJYNPSF64MBVODIFTBSFQMBOOFE

$PVOUJOHCZDBMFOEBSZFBS	$:

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BOE

MBVODIFTBSFBOUJDJQBUFEGPS$:

'PS':
JUJTBOUJDJQBUFEUIBUUIFOVNCFSPGPWFSBMM64MBVODIFTXJMMSFNBJO

SFMBUJWFMZTUFBEZ"MUIPVHI
UIFSFJTBQPTTJCJMJUZPGBTMJHIUJODSFBTFEVFUP

*44DPNNFSDJBMSFTVQQMZ
JODMVEJOHBEFNPOTUSBUJPOnJHIUPG0SCJUBM4DJFODFT

$PSQPSBUJPOT	0SCJUBM
OFX"OUBSFTWFIJDMFGSPNUIF.JE"UMBOUJD3FHJPOBM

4QBDFQPSUJO7JSHJOJB
BOESPVUJOFSFQMBDFNFOUPG(&0DPNNVOJDBUJPOTBUFMMJUFT

Figure 27. FY 2012 Worldwide Commercial Orbital 

Launch Activity 

Europe

 4 (19%)

Russia

10 (48%)

Multinational

2 (10%)

Total: 21 Launches

China

3 (14%)

USA

 1 (5%)

E

4

1

n

4

urope

4 (19%)

1

na

4%)

India

1 (5%)

Figure 26. FY 2012 Total Worldwide Orbital Launch 

Activity 

Europe

 8 (10%)

Russia

29 (36%)

Multinational

2 (3%)

Total: 80 Launches

China

21 (26%)

USA

Japan 12 (15%)

3 (4%)

India

3 (4%)

Iran

1 (1%)

N. Korea

1 (1%)
93

Launch Data and Trends

*O':
	PSQFSDFOU
PGUIFXPSMEXJEFDPNNFSDJBMMBVODIFTXFSF

GPSDPNNFSDJBMUFMFDPNNVOJDBUJPOTBUFMMJUFTMBVODIFTEFQMPZFE(&0

DPNNVOJDBUJPOTTBUFMMJUFTBOEPOFEFMJWFSFEDPNNVOJDBUJPOTTBUFMMJUFTUP/(40

	-&0
0OFMBVODI	PSmWFQFSDFOUPGUIFUPUBMMBVODIFT
XBTGPSEFWFMPQNFOU

QVSQPTFT
BOEPOF	PSmWFQFSDFOU
XBTBMBVODIPGBSFNPUFTFOTJOHTBUFMMJUF

FY 2012 COMMERCIAL LAUNCH REVENUES

3FWFOVFTGSPNDPNNFSDJBMMBVODIFT
JO':
BSFFTUJNBUFEUPUPUBM

CJMMJPO	TFF'JHVSF
0WFSQFSDFOUPGUIJTSFWFOVFXBTGPSMBVODIFT

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BOE&VSPQF	NJMMJPO
3VTTJBT

NJMMJPOJOSFWFOVFSFQSFTFOUTFJHIU1SPUPOT
POF4PZV[
BOEPOF;FOJU4-#

	-BOE-BVODI
MBVODIFT&VSPQFTSFWFOVFSFQSFTFOUTGPVS"SJBOFMBVODIFT

6OJUFE4UBUFTSFWFOVFSFQSFTFOUTB'BMDPOMBVODI

1BZNFOUTGPSMBVODITFSWJDFTBSFUZQJDBMMZTQSFBEPWFSPOFUPUXPZFBSTCFGPSF

UIFMBVODI'PSUIFQVSQPTFTPGUIJTSFQPSU
IPXFWFS
SFWFOVFJTTIPXOBT

FBSOFEJOUIFZFBSJOXIJDIUIFQBZMPBEMBVODIFT-BVODISFWFOVFTHPUPUIF

DPVOUSZPGUIFQSJNBSZWFIJDMFNBOVGBDUVSFS5IFBTTFTTNFOUPGUIFSFWFOVFT

JTCBTFEPODPNNFSDJBMMBVODIQSJDFFTUJNBUFTGPSFBDIMBVODIWFIJDMFGSPN

QVCMJDMZBWBJMBCMFJOGPSNBUJPO

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TPME
BOEMBVODIFECZUIFTBNF

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PSJOUIFDBTFPG&VSPQFBOEUIFGPSNFS

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XJUIJOBQBSUJDVMBSFDPOPNJDSFHJPO"UQSFTFOU
UIFSFJTPOFMBVODI

TFSWJDFDPSQPSBUJPO
4FB-BVODI"(
UIBUJTDIBSBDUFSJ[FEBTNVMUJOBUJPOBM

Figure 28. Approximate FY 2012 Commercial Launch 

Revenues

$0 

$100 

$200 

$300 

$400 

$500 

$600 

$700 

$800 

$900 

$1,000 

United States Russia Europe China India Multinational 

$56 

$790 $880 

$210 $25 $200 

US$ Millions 
)HGHUDO$YLDWLRQ$GPLQLVWUDWLRQҋV2IÀFHRI&RPPHUFLDO6SDFH7UDQVSRUWDWLRQ

94

FY 2012 FAA-LICENSED ORBITAL LAUNCH SUMMARY

5IFSFXFSFUISFF'""MJDFOTFEMBVODIFTEVSJOH':BTTIPXOJO5BCMF

0OFXBTGPS4QBDF9T'BMDPO$054nJHIUUP*44BOEUXPXFSFGPS*OUFMTBU

TBUFMMJUFTMBVODIFETFQBSBUFMZCZ4FB-BVODI"(
GSPNJUT2G\VVH\MBVODI

QMBUGPSNJOUIF1BDJmD0DFBO5IF'""JTTVFEPOFSFFOUSZMJDFOTF
GPSUIF

%SBHPODBQTVMFMBVODIFEJO.BZ
POUIF4QBDF9'BMDPOnJHIU

5ISFF'""MJDFOTFE64DPNNFSDJBMMBVODIFTBSFQMBOOFEGPSUIFmSTURVBSUFS

PG':5XPBSF/"4"$PNNFSDJBM3FTVQQMZ4FSWJDFT	$34
NJTTJPOTUP

*44PO4QBDF9T'BMDPO
BOEPOFJTUIFNBJEFOUFTUnJHIUPGUIFOFX"OUBSFT

MBVODIWFIJDMFCZ0SCJUBM

3FWFOVFTGPS'""MJDFOTFEnJHIUTDPOEVDUFEEVSJOH':JODMVEFPOF

'BMDPO	.
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'PS':
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MJDFOTFEnJHIUTJODMVEFEUIF'BMDPO	.

%FMUB**	.

BOEB;FOJU4-

	.


OTHER FY 2012 FAA LICENSES AND PERMITS

5IFSFXBTPOF'""MJDFOTFESFFOUSZCZ4QBDF9T%SBHPODBQTVMF
XIJDI

SFFOUFSFEBOEXBTTVDDFTTGVMMZSFDPWFSFEPO.BZ
"SFFOUSZMJDFOTF

XBTJTTVFEPO4FQUFNCFS

GPSUIFmSTU4QBDF9$34NJTTJPOUPUIF*44

QMBOOFEJO0DUPCFS4DBMFE$PNQPTJUFTXBTJTTVFEBOFYQFSJNFOUBMnJHIU

QFSNJUPO.BZ

GPSSPDLFUQPXFSFEnJHIUUFTUJOHPGJUT4QBDF4IJQ5XP

TVCPSCJUBMWFIJDMFFYQFDUFEUPMBVODIMBUFSJOUIFDBMFOEBSZFBS5IJTQFSNJUXJMM

FYQJSFPO.BZ
5IFSFXFSFOP'""QFSNJUUFEMBVODIFTQFSGPSNFEJO':



Table 37. FAA-Licensed Vehicles Launched and Reentered in FY 2012

-BVODI-JDFOTFT 3FFOUSZ-JDFOTFT

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':5PUBM-BVODIFT   ':5PUBM3FFOUSJFT 

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':-BVODI3FMJBCJMJUZ 	
 	
 ':3FFOUSZ

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UNITED

STATES

MULTINATIONAL

UNITED

STATES
95

Launch Data and Trends

*O.BZ
UIF'FEFSBM"WJBUJPO"ENJOJTUSBUJPOT0GmDFPG$PNNFSDJBM4QBDF

5SBOTQPSUBUJPO	'"""45
BOEUIF$PNNFSDJBM4QBDF5SBOTQPSUBUJPO"EWJTPSZ

$PNNJUUFF	$0.45"$
QSFQBSFEGPSFDBTUTPGHMPCBMEFNBOEGPSDPNNFSDJBM

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$0.45"$T(FPTZODISPOPVT0SCJU	(40
-BVODI%FNBOE'PSFDBTUQSPKFDUT

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DPNNFSDJBMMBVODIEFNBOEUP(405IFGPSFDBTUMPPLTBUUIFHMPCBMEFNBOE

GPSDPNNFSDJBM(40TBUFMMJUFTBOEMBVODIFTBEESFTTBCMFCZUIF64TQBDF

MBVODIJOEVTUSZoUIBUJT
MBVODITFSWJDFQSPDVSFNFOUTPQFOUPJOUFSOBUJPOBMMZ

DPNQFUJUJWFMBVODITFSWJDFQSPDVSFNFOUT

5IF'""T'PSFDBTUGPS/PO(FPTZODISPOPVT0SCJUT	/(40
QSPKFDUT

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UPUIF.PPOPSPUIFSTPMBSTZTUFNEFTUJOBUJPOT

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UIF$0.45"$BOE'""GPSFDBTUTQSPKFDUBOBWFSBHFBOOVBMEFNBOE

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XJUI

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'JHVSF
5IJTTIPXTBTMJHIUFMFWBUJPOGSPNUIFGPSFDBTUPGBOOVBM

MBVODIFT

Historical Forecast

Figure 29. Combined 2012 GSO and NGSO Historical Launches and Launch Forecasts

0 

5 

10 

15 

20 

25 

30 

35 

40 

1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019 2021 

Launches 

2012 NGSO Launch Forecast 

GSO Launch Actual 2012 GSO Launch Forecast 

NGSO Launch 

Actual 

SUMMARY OF 2012 COMMERCIAL 

SPACE TRANSPORTATION FORECASTS
)HGHUDO$YLDWLRQ$GPLQLVWUDWLRQҋV2IÀFHRI&RPPHUFLDO6SDFH7UDQVSRUWDWLRQ

96

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TBUFMMJUFTBDUVBMMZMBVODIFE-BVODIWFIJDMFTBOETBUFMMJUFQSPHSBNTBSF

DPNQMFY
BOETVTDFQUJCMFUPEFMBZT
XIJDIHFOFSBMMZNBLFTUIFGPSFDBTU

EFNBOEGPSMBVODIFTUIFVQQFSMJNJUPGBDUVBMMBVODIFTJOUIFOFBSUFSN

GPSFDBTU

Commercial GSO Launch Demand Forecast Results

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VQTMJHIUMZGSPNMBTUZFBSTQSPKFDUJPOPGTBUFMMJUFT

BOEMBVODIFTQFSZFBS5BCMFQSPWJEFTBTVNNBSZPGUIFGPSFDBTU


TIPXJOHBOOVBMQSPKFDUFETBUFMMJUFTBOEMBVODIFT
JODMVEJOHUIFQSPKFDUFE

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MFECZTVCTUBOUJBM

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XJMMBGGFDUUIFEZOBNJDTPGUIFMBVODIJOEVTUSZ

0QFSBUPSTBSFDBVUJPVTBCPVUUIFJNQBDUPGUIFFDPOPNZPOUIFJSQMBOT
CVUBSF

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Addressable vs. Unaddressable

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MBVODIEFMBZT
MBSHFSTBUFMMJUFT
HSFBUFSBWBJMBCJMJUZPGDBQUJWFJOUFSOBUJPOBMMBVODI

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BOEUIFTUBUFPGUIFmOBODJBMNBSLFUT

*O
UIFSFXBTBTJHOJmDBOUJODSFBTFJOVOBEESFTTBCMFMBVODIFToMBVODI

DPOUSBDUTUIBUXFSFOPUPQFOUPJOUFSOBUJPOBMDPNQFUJUJPOoBT$IJOFTFBOE

3VTTJBOHPWFSONFOUPXOFEBFSPTQBDFDPNQBOJFTSPVUJOFMZQBDLBHFTBUFMMJUFT


MBVODIFT
BOEmOBODJOHUPHFUIFS	TFF'JHVSF
5IJTUSFOEJTFYQFDUFEUP

DPOUJOVFBT$IJOFTF
3VTTJBO
*OEJBO
BOE+BQBOFTFTBUFMMJUFNBOVGBDUVSFST

DPOUJOVFUPQVSTVFUIFDPNQFUJUJWFBEWBOUBHFPGCFJOHBCMFUPTUSVDUVSFUIFTF

UZQFTPGDPOUSBDUTPOBTUSBUFHJD
OPODPNQFUJUJWFCBTJT

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 Total

Average 

2012 to 2021

4BUFMMJUF%FNBOE            

%VBM-BVODI

'PSFDBTU            

-BVODI%FNBOE            

Table 38. Forecast Commercial GSO Satellite and Launch Demand Data
97

Launch Data and Trends

Mass Classes

"OBQQSPQSJBUFNFUSJDGPSEFUFSNJOJOHMBVODISFRVJSFNFOUTJTTBUFMMJUFNBTT

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DVSSFOUMZVTFE
BTTIPXOJOUIFGPMMPXJOHUBCMF

5IJTZFBSTGPSFDBTUTIPXTUIBUBOBWFSBHFPGPOMZPOFTBUFMMJUFJOUIFTNBMMFTU

NBTTDMBTTXJMMCFMBVODIFEFBDIZFBSGPSUIFOFYUUFOZFBST"UUIFTBNFUJNF


UIFMBSHFTUNBTTDMBTTJTFYQFDUFEUPTFFTJHOJmDBOUHSPXUI
XJUIBOBWFSBHF

PGTBUFMMJUFTPGUIJTNBTTDMBTTFYQFDUFEUPMBVODIFBDIZFBSGPSUIFOFYU

EFDBEF
VQGSPNQFSZFBSJOUIFGPSFDBTU5BCMFTIPXTUIFUSFOETJO

TBUFMMJUFNBTTDMBTTEJTUSJCVUJPO

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Table 39. Satellite Mass Class Categorization

Figure 30. Addressable and Unaddressable Satellites since 1993

Number of Satellites

0 

5 

10 

15 

20 

25 

30 

35 

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 

"EESFTTBCMF4BUFMMJUFT

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)HGHUDO$YLDWLRQ$GPLQLVWUDWLRQҋV2IÀFHRI&RPPHUFLDO6SDFH7UDQVSRUWDWLRQ

98

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LH
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IJHIFS

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EFWFMPQNFOUPGTBUFMMJUFTVTJOHFYDMVTJWFMZFMFDUSJDQSPQVMTJPOSBUIFSUIBO

VTJOHDIFNJDBMQSPQVMTJPOGPSPSCJUSBJTJOH#ZSFEVDJOHUIFNBTTPGQSPQFMMBOU

VTFEGPSPSCJUSBJTJOH
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CZ

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Dual-Manifesting

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-POH.BSDIMBVODIWFIJDMFTIBWJOHEFNPOTUSBUFEUIFDBQBCJMJUZ
BOE'BMDPO

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(JWFOUIFNJOJNBMOVNCFSPGTBUFMMJUFTGPSFDBTUFEUPMBVODIJOUIFTNBMMFTU

NBTTDMBTT
DPNCJOFEXJUIUIFJOUSPEVDUJPOPGUIF4PZV[MBVODIWFIJDMFGSPN

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EVBM

NBOJGFTUJOHIBTUIFQPUFOUJBMUPCFQSPCMFNBUJDGPSIFBWZQBZMPBET
BTUIFSF

JTPGUFOOPWJBCMFDPQBZMPBEGPSEVBMNBOJGFTUFEMBVODIFTPOUIFIFBWJFTU

TBUFMMJUFT

'JHVSFQSFTFOUTUIFTBUFMMJUFBOEMBVODIEFNBOEGPSFDBTUUISPVHI

BTXFMMBTBDUVBMMBVODITUBUJTUJDTGPSUISPVHI                  



Total



to 



"WH



to 



PG

Total 



to 



#FMPX
LH  8  


UP
LH     7  777  7 7   


UP
LH                       

"CPWF
LH  8 7      8788  8   

Total                       

Table 40. Trends in Satellite Mass Class Distribution
99

Launch Data and Trends

Commercial NGSO Launch Demand Forecast Results

5IF/(40NBSLFUJTEJWJEFEJOUPmWFQBZMPBETFHNFOUT
EFmOFECZUIFUZQFPG

TFSWJDFUIFTQBDFDSBGUBSFEFTJHOFEUPPGGFS

t $PNNFSDJBMUFMFDPNNVOJDBUJPOT

t $PNNFSDJBMSFNPUFTFOTJOH

t 4DJFODFBOEFOHJOFFSJOH
JODMVEJOHCBTJDBOEBQQMJFESFTFBSDIBOETQBDF

UFDIOPMPHZUFTUBOEEFNPOTUSBUJPO

t $PNNFSDJBMDBSHPBOEDSFXUSBOTQPSUBUJPOTFSWJDFT
JODMVEJOHDBSHPBOE

IVNBOTQBDFnJHIUBOE

t 0UIFSQBZMPBETMBVODIFEDPNNFSDJBMMZ

*OUIFOFYUZFBST
OFBSMZ/(40QBZMPBETBSFQSPKFDUFEUPMBVODI

DPNNFSDJBMMZPOMBVODIFT
NBLJOHBOBWFSBHFEFNBOEPGMBVODIFT

QFSZFBSXPSMEXJEFQSPKFDUFEGPSUIFQFSJPEPGUISPVHI5IJTBWFSBHF

JTTMJHIUMZMFTTUIBOMBTUZFBSTBWFSBHFPGMBVODIFTQFSZFBS5IFMBVODI

EFNBOEQFBLTJO
XJUIMBVODIFT
EVFUPUIFSFQMBDFNFOUPGUIF*SJEJVN

DPOTUFMMBUJPOBOEGSFRVFOUDPNNFSDJBMDSFXBOEDBSHPMBVODIFTUPUIF*44

5IFBOOVBMMBVODISBUFEVSJOHUIFOFYUZFBSTJTDPOTJEFSBCMZIJHIFSUIBO

UIFQSFWJPVTEFDBEF	TFF'JHVSF
$PNNFSDJBMTQBDFUSBOTQPSUBUJPOBOE

UFMFDPNNVOJDBUJPOTDPOTUFMMBUJPOSFQMFOJTINFOUTESJWFUIJTJODSFBTF Number of Satellites/Launches

Figure 31. Dual Manifesting and Launch Demand

0 

5 

10 

15 

20 

25 

30 

1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 

2011 

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 

Actual Near-Term Far-Term

Dual-manifest Launches

Single-manifest Launches

2011 Forecast
)HGHUDO$YLDWLRQ$GPLQLVWUDWLRQҋV2IÀFHRI&RPPHUFLDO6SDFH7UDQVSRUWDWLRQ

100

Historical Forecast

Figure 32. Commercial NGSO Launch History and Projected Launch Plans























	

	



	

*UJTJNQPSUBOUUPOPUFUIBUMBVODIFTGPSDPNNFSDJBMDBSHPBOEDSFXTFSWJDFT

UPUIF*44BSFQSPKFDUFEGSPNUP5IFTFMBVODIFTXJMMUBLFQMBDF

POOFXWFIJDMFTXIFSFUFDIOJDBMPSmOBODJBMJTTVFTDPVMEEFMBZ*44SFTVQQMZ

MBVODIFT.PSFPWFS
JUJTTUJMMUPPFBSMZUPQSFEJDUXJUIBDDVSBDZOFXBOE

FNFSHJOHNBSLFUT*G/"4"TOFFETGPSDPNNFSDJBMDBSHPBOEDSFXUPUIF*44

HSPX
#JHFMPX"FSPTQBDFMBVODIFTJUTTQBDFTUBUJPOT
UIFTQBDFUPVSJTNNBSLFU

NBUVSFT
BOEDPNNFSDJBMDPNQBOJFTMBVODIQBZMPBETUPUIF.PPO
UIFSFDBO

CFTJHOJmDBOUHSPXUIJO/(40MBVODIFTJOBOECFZPOE

-BVODIEFNBOEJTEJWJEFEJOUPWFIJDMFTJ[FDMBTTFT
XJUIBOBWFSBHFPG

NFEJVNUPIFBWZDMBTTWFIJDMFMBVODIFTQFSZFBSBOETNBMMDMBTTWFIJDMF

MBVODIFTQFSZFBSGPSUP	TFF5BCMF
$PNQBSFEUPMBTUZFBST

GPSFDBTU
UIFOVNCFSPGTNBMMMBVODIFTEFDSFBTFETMJHIUMZ
BOEUIFOVNCFSPG

NFEJVNUPIFBWZDMBTTMBVODIFTJODSFBTFE

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 Total Avg.

3D\ORDGV

$PNNFSDJBM

5FMFDPNNVOJDBUJPOT

           

$PNNFSDJBM3FNPUF

4FOTJOH

 7      

4DJFODFBOE&OHJOFFSJOH   88777777  

$PNNFSDJBM$BSHPBOE

$SFX5SBOTQPSUBUJPO

4FSWJDFT

 88888  

0UIFS1BZMPBET

-BVODIFE$PNNFSDJBMMZ

           

Total Satellites 37 44 28 35 42 49 16 15 16 15 297 29.7

Launches

.FEJVNUP)FBWZ

7FIJDMFT

           

4NBMM7FIJDMFT  8 

Total Launches 11 13 13 15 13 17 12 11 12 11 128 12.8

Table 41. Payload and Launch Projections
101

Launch Data and Trends

Commercial Telecommunications Launch Demand

5IF/(40UFMFDPNNVOJDBUJPOTTBUFMMJUFNBSLFUJTCBTFEPOMBSHFDPOTUFMMBUJPOT

PGTNBMMUPNFEJVNTJ[FETBUFMMJUFTUIBUQSPWJEFHMPCBMPSOFBSHMPCBM

DPNNVOJDBUJPOTDPWFSBHF

5FMFDPNNVOJDBUJPOTDPNQSJTFTQFSDFOUPGUIFTBUFMMJUFNBSLFUCVUPOMZ

QFSDFOUPGUIFMBVODINBSLFUCFDBVTFPGNVMUJQMFNBOJGFTUJOH'SPN

UISPVHI
CFUXFFOPOFBOEUISFFUFMFDPNNVOJDBUJPOTMBVODIFTXJMMPDDVS

FBDIZFBS5IFSFXJMMCFBOVQUJDLJOMBVODIFTJO
BT03#$0..BOE

0CSFQMBDFUIFJSTBUFMMJUFT
BOEBHBJOJOBOEBT*SJEJVNSFQMBDFT

JUTTBUFMMJUFT3FQMBDFNFOUDPOTUFMMBUJPOTmOJTIMBVODIJOHCFGPSF
TPOP

UFMFDPNNVOJDBUJPOTMBVODIFTBSFQSPKFDUFEGPSUISPVHI

Commercial Remote Sensing Launch Demand

3FNPUFTFOTJOHSFGFSTUPBOZPSCJUBMQMBUGPSNXJUIPQUJDBMPSSBEBSTFOTPST

USBJOFEPO&BSUIUPHBUIFSEBUBGPSHFPHSBQIJDBOBMZTJT
NJMJUBSZVTF


NFUFPSPMPHZ
PSDMJNBUPMPHZ5IFDPNNFSDJBMTBUFMMJUFSFNPUFTFOTJOHNBSLFU

DPOTJTUTPGDPNQBOJFTUIBUPQFSBUFTBUFMMJUFTXJUIPQUJDBMPSSBEBSTFOTPST

USBJOFEPO&BSUIUPDBQUVSFJNBHFSZVTFEUPHFOFSBUFSFWFOVF

$PNNFSDJBMSFNPUFTFOTJOHTBUFMMJUFTBDDPVOUGPSQFSDFOUPGUIFQBZMPBE

NBSLFUBOEQFSDFOUPGUIFMBVODIEFNBOENBSLFU5IFDPNNFSDJBMSFNPUF

TFOTJOHJOEVTUSZJTDIBSBDUFSJ[FECZSFMBUJWFMZTUBCMFTBUFMMJUFSFQMBDFNFOU

TDIFEVMFT-BVODIFTPGDPNNFSDJBMSFNPUFTFOTJOHTBUFMMJUFTXJMMUBLFQMBDFBU

BOBWFSBHFPGQFSZFBSUISPVHIUIFGPSFDBTUQFSJPE"QFBLJOUIFOVNCFS

PGMBVODIFTDBOCFTFFOJO
SFnFDUJOHQSPKFDUFEEFQMPZNFOUPGTBUFMMJUFT

PQFSBUFECZ%JHJUBM(MPCF
(FP&ZF
BOE3BQJE&ZF

Historical Forecast

Figure 33. Commercial Telecommunications Launch History and Projected Launch Plans











	

	



	
)HGHUDO$YLDWLRQ$GPLQLVWUDWLRQҋV2IÀFHRI&RPPHUFLDO6SDFH7UDQVSRUWDWLRQ

102

Science and Engineering Launch Demand

4DJFODFBOEFOHJOFFSJOHJODMVEFTQBZMPBETSFMBUFEUPCBTJDBOEBQQMJFT

SFTFBSDIBOEUIPTFXJUINJTTJPOTSFMBUFEUPTQBDFUFDIOPMPHZUFTUBOE

EFNPOTUSBUJPO1BZMPBETXJUICBTJDSFTFBSDINJTTJPOTJODMVEFCJPMPHJDBMBOE

QIZTJDBMSFTFBSDI
TQBDFTDJFODF
&BSUITDJFODF
BOESFMBUFEmFMET1BZMPBET

XJUIBQQMJFESFTFBSDINJTTJPOTBSFEFTJHOFEUPTPMWFQSBDUJDBMQSPCMFNTBOE

BSFVTVBMMZESJWFOCZHPWFSONFOUPSJOEVTUSZOFFET1BZMPBETXJUINJTTJPOT

GPDVTFEPOTQBDFUFDIOPMPHZUFTUBOEEFNPOTUSBUJPOBEESFTTFOHJOFFSJOH

RVFTUJPOT

4DJFODFBOEFOHJOFFSJOHQBZMPBETDPOTUJUVUFQFSDFOUPGUIFTBUFMMJUF

NBSLFUBOEQFSDFOUPGUIFMBVODINBSLFU5IFTFJODMVEFBTUFBEZTUSFBN

PGCBTJDBOEBQQMJFESFTFBSDIQBZMPBETQSJNBSJMZGSPNDPVOUSJFTUIBUEPOPU

IBWFJOEJHFOPVTMBVODIDBQBCJMJUJFT5IFZBMTPJODMVEFGPVSMBVODIFTPGOFX

UFDIOPMPHZUFTUBOEEFNPOTUSBUJPONJTTJPOT0SCJUBM"OUBSFTWFIJDMF
4QBDF9T

'BMDPO)FBWZ
/"4"TVODSFXFEUFTUPGUIF0SJPO.1$7POB%FMUB*7
BOEB

UFTUPG#JHFMPXT#&".NPEVMF

5IFNBSLFUDIBSBDUFSJ[BUJPOPGUIFOFBSUFSN	
JODMVEFT

NBOJGFTUFECBTJDBOEBQQMJFESFTFBSDIMBVODIFTBOENBOJGFTUFETQBDF

UFDIOPMPHZUFTUBOEEFNPOTUSBUJPOMBVODIFT'PSUIFQFSJPEPGUP


CBTJDBOEBQQMJFESFTFBSDIMBVODIFTBSFQSPKFDUFE
NBLJOHBOBWFSBHFPGJO

FBDIPGUIFPVUZFBST5IFSFJTOPQVCMJDMZBWBJMBCMFNBOJGFTUFEMBVODIFTGPSUIF

UPUJNFQFSJPE5IFSFGPSF
XFFYQFDUBUPUBMPGMBVODIFTGSPN

UPHFOFSBUFECZUIFTDJFODFBOEFOHJOFFSJOHTFHNFOU

Historical Forecast

Figure 34. Commercial Remote Sensing Launch History and Projected Launch Plans











	

	



	
103

Launch Data and Trends

&RPPHUFLDO&DUJRDQG&UHZ7UDQVSRUWDWLRQ6HUYLFHV

$PNNFSDJBMDBSHPBOEDSFXUSBOTQPSUBUJPODBQBCJMJUJFTJODMVEFDPNNFSDJBM

MBVODIFTPGDBSHPBOEIVNBOTUP-&04QFDJmDBMMZ
DPNNFSDJBMDBSHPBOE

DSFXUSBOTQPSUBUJPOJODMVEFT/"4"T$054EFWFMPQNFOU
$PNNFSDJBM3FTVQQMZ

4FSWJDFT	$34
UPUIF*44
BOEDPNNFSDJBMDSFXEFWFMPQNFOUFGGPSUT

$PNNFSDJBMDBSHPBOEDSFXUSBOTQPSUBUJPOTFSWJDFTNBLFVQQFSDFOUPG

MBVODIFTJOUIJTGPSFDBTU5IJTNBSLTBTMJHIUJODSFBTFGSPNQFSDFOUQSPKFDUFE

JOUIFGPSFDBTU*GDPNNFSDJBMWFIJDMFTCFHJOMBVODIJOH#JHFMPXNPEVMFTUP

UIF*44PS#JHFMPXTQBDFTUBUJPOT
UIFOVNCFSPGMBVODIFTJOUIJTTFDUJPODPVME

HSPXJOUIFPVUZFBST)PXFWFS
UIFMBVODIFTJOUIJTTFDUJPODBSSZTJHOJmDBOU

mOBODJBMBOEUFDIOJDBMSJTL
CFDBVTFBMMPGUIFMBVODIFTBSFPOOFXMBVODI

WFIJDMFTPSOFXTQBDFDSBGUUIBUBSFCFJOHEFWFMPQFEXJUI/"4"BQQSPQSJBUFE

GVOET5IJTMBVODIQSPKFDUJPOSFQSFTFOUT/"4"TDVSSFOUQMBOTGPSDPNNFSDJBM

DBSHPBOEDSFXTFSWJDFTUPUIF*44

Historical Forecast

Figure 35. Science and Engineering Launch History and Projected Launch Plans











	








	

	



	

Historical Forecast

Figure 36. Commercial Cargo and Crew Transportation Services Launch History and 

Projected Launch Plans











	











	

	



	
)HGHUDO$YLDWLRQ$GPLQLVWUDWLRQҋV2IÀFHRI&RPPHUFLDO6SDFH7UDQVSRUWDWLRQ

104

/DXQFK9HKLFOHV7\SLFDOO\8VHGIRU1*620LVVLRQV

%VSJOHUIFGPSFDBTUQFSJPE
TFWFSBMDIBOHFTXJMMPDDVSJOUIFBWBJMBCJMJUZPG

MBVODIWFIJDMFTGPSDVTUPNFSTTFFLJOHUPMBVODIUP/(40PODPNNFSDJBMMZ

QSPDVSFEWFIJDMFT4PNFOFXWFIJDMFTXJMMCFJOUSPEVDFE
XIJMFPUIFSTXJMMSFUJSF

*OUIF64
4QBDF9CFHBOUPMBVODISFWFOVFHFOFSBUJOHnJHIUTPGUIF'BMDPO

JO0SCJUBMXJMMJOUSPEVDFJUT"OUBSFTNFEJVNDMBTTWFIJDMF
XJUI

SFWFOVFHFOFSBUJOHnJHIUTCFHJOOJOHJO*OCPUIDBTFT
UIFTFnJHIUTXJMM

CFDPOEVDUFEVOEFS/"4"T$34DPOUSBDUT*OBEEJUJPO
-PDLIFFE.BSUJO

$PNNFSDJBM-BVODI4FSWJDFTXJMMCFQSPWJEJOHVQHSBEFEWBSJBOUTPGUIF"UIFOB

MBVODIWFIJDMF
XJUIMBVODIFTFYQFDUFEFBSMZJOUIFGPSFDBTUQFSJPE

*O&VSPQF
"SJBOFTQBDFT7FHBTNBMMDMBTTMBVODIWFIJDMFQFSGPSNFEB

TVDDFTTGVMJOBVHVSBMnJHIUJO'FCSVBSZ$IJOBJTXPSLJOHPOBTNBMMDMBTT

WFIJDMFDBMMFEUIF-POH.BSDI
XIJDINBZCFPGGFSFEDPNNFSDJBMMZ5IFmSTU

MBVODIPGUIJTWFIJDMFJTFYQFDUFEFBSMZJOUIFGPSFDBTUQFSJPE+BQBOQMBOTUP

JOBVHVSBUFJUT&QTJMPOTNBMMDMBTTMBVODIWFIJDMFJO
XIJMF4PVUI,PSFB

DPOUJOVFTUPEFWFMPQJUT,PSFBO4QBDF-BVODI7FIJDMFTZTUFN
XIJDIJODMVEFT

UIFTNBMMDMBTT/BSPWFIJDMF5IF/BSP
QSFWJPVTMZLOPXOBTUIF,PSFBO

4QBDF-BVODI7FIJDMF	,4-7

IBTMBVODIFEUXJDFTJODFCPUIMBVODIFT

FOEFEJOGBJMVSFT

5IF%FQBSUNFOUPG%FGFOTF	%P%
QMBOTUPSFUJSFUIF.JOPUBVSTFSJFTPGWFIJDMFT

CZ*O3VTTJB
UIF"OHBSB
BMJHIUWFSTJPOPGUIFBOUJDJQBUFE"OHBSB

TFSJFT
XJMMSFQMBDFUIF,PTNPT.
5TZLMPO
BOE3PDLPUMBVODIWFIJDMFT

/FXWFIJDMFTFYQFDUFEUPCFDPNFBWBJMBCMFXJUIJOUIFOFYUUXPUPUISFFZFBST

JODMVEF"UIFOB	64

&QTJMPO	+BQBO

BOE-POH.BSDI	$IJOB
5IFTF

WFIJDMFTBSFEFTJHOFEUPMBVODITFWFSBMNJDSPBOETNBMMDMBTTQBZMPBETBU

BUJNF)PXFWFS
UIF(40GPSFDBTUQSPKFDUTBUSFOEUPXBSEIJHIFSNBTTDMBTT

QBZMPBET'PS/(40
UIFQFSLJMPHSBNDPTUUPPSCJUGPSBTNBMMDMBTTMBVODI

WFIJDMFUFOETUPCFIJHIFSUIBOUIBUGPSBMBSHFSDBQBDJUZWFIJDMF
XIJDINBZ

NBLFUIFTFOFXTNBMMDMBTTMBVODIWFIJDMFTUPPFYQFOTJWFGPSNBOZNJDSP

TBUFMMJUFDVTUPNFST5IFSFGPSF
NBOZTNBMM/(40TBUFMMJUFTNBZHPBTQJHHZ

CBDLQBZMPBETPOMBSHFSWFIJDMFTMFBWJOHTNBMMDMBTTMBVODIWFIJDMFTXJUIUIF

TNBMMFSNBSLFUPGUJNFDSJUJDBMEFMJWFSZPGQBZMPBETJOPSCJU
105

Launch Data and Trends

*O"VHVTU
UIF'FEFSBM"WJBUJPO"ENJOJTUSBUJPOT0GmDFPG$PNNFSDJBM

4QBDF5SBOTQPSUBUJPO	'"""45
BOE4QBDF'MPSJEBQSFQBSFEGPSFDBTUTPG

EFNBOEGPSTVCPSCJUBMSFVTBCMFWFIJDMFT	437T
GPSBZFBSQFSJPE

4VCPSCJUBMSFVTBCMFWFIJDMFT	437T
BSFDSFBUJOHBOFXTQBDFnJHIUJOEVTUSZ

437TBSFDPNNFSDJBMMZEFWFMPQFESFVTBCMFTQBDFWFIJDMFTUIBUNBZDBSSZ

IVNBOTPSDBSHP5IFDPNQBOJFTEFWFMPQJOHUIFTFWFIJDMFTUZQJDBMMZUBSHFU

IJHInJHIUSBUFTBOESFMBUJWFMZMPXDPTUT437TDBQBCMFPGDBSSZJOHIVNBOTBSF

JOEFWFMPQNFOUBOEQMBOOFEGPSPQFSBUJPOTJOUIFOFYUGFXZFBST437TUIBU

DBSSZDBSHPBSFPQFSBUJPOBMOPX
XJUINPSFQMBOOFE

5IJTTUVEZGPSFDBTUTZFBSEFNBOEGPS437T5IFHPBMPGUIJTTUVEZJTUP

QSPWJEFJOGPSNBUJPOGPSHPWFSONFOUBOEJOEVTUSZEFDJTJPONBLFSTPOUIF

FNFSHJOH437NBSLFUCZBOBMZ[JOHEZOBNJDT
USFOET
BOEBSFBTPGVODFSUBJOUZ

JOFJHIUEJTUJODUNBSLFUT437TDPVMEBEESFTT5IJTTUVEZXBTKPJOUMZGVOEFECZ

UIF'FEFSBM"WJBUJPO"ENJOJTUSBUJPO0GmDFPG$PNNFSDJBM4QBDF5SBOTQPSUBUJPO

	'"""45
BOE4QBDF'MPSJEB
BOEDPOEVDUFECZ5IF5BVSJ(SPVQ

SUBORBITAL REUSABLE VEHICLE MARKETS

5IJTTUVEZBOBMZ[FT437EFNBOEJOFJHIUNBSLFUT
XIJDIXFSFJEFOUJmFEBOE

HSPVQFECZTJNJMBSJUZPGBQQMJDBUJPOT
QVSQPTF
BDUJWJUJFT
BOEDVTUPNFST'JHVSF

TVNNBSJ[FTBOEEFmOFTUIPTFNBSLFUT

Figure 37. SRV Markets


	

	

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!)$% !#!) $"  !"

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SUMMARY OF SUBORBITAL REUSABLE 

VEHICLES: A 10-YEAR FORECAST OF 

MARKET DEMAND
)HGHUDO$YLDWLRQ$GPLQLVWUDWLRQҋV2IÀFHRI&RPPHUFLDO6SDFH7UDQVSRUWDWLRQ

106

METHODOLOGY

5IF5BVSJ(SPVQDPNCJOFEQSJNBSZSFTFBSDI	NPSFUIBOJOUFSWJFXT
B

TVSWFZPGIJHIOFUXPSUIJOEJWJEVBMT
BOEBQPMMPGTVCPSCJUBMSFTFBSDIFST
BOE

PQFOTPVSDFNBUFSJBMT	TVDIBTNBSLFUTUVEJFTBOEEBUBPOBOBMPHNBSLFUT


HPWFSONFOUCVEHFUT
BOEQFSGPSNBODF

JOGPSNBUJPOPODPNQFUJOHQMBUGPSNT
UP

CVJMEBGVMMBOEPCKFDUJWFQJDUVSFPG437

NBSLFUEZOBNJDT5IFGPSFDBTUSFTVMUT

BSFJOTFBUDBSHPFRVJWBMFOUTCBTFEPO

BWFSBHFDBQBDJUZPG437T	TFF5BCMF


%FNBOEJOFBDINBSLFUXBTGPSFDBTUGPSUISFFTDFOBSJPT

Baseline scenario437TPQFSBUFJOBQSFEJDUBCMFQPMJUJDBMBOEFDPOPNJD

FOWJSPONFOUUIBUJTSFMBUJWFMZTJNJMBSUPUPEBZT*OUIJTTDFOBSJP
FYJTUJOHUSFOET

HFOFSBUFEFNBOEGPS437T

*URZWKVFHQDULR5IJTGPSFDBTUSFnFDUTOFXEZOBNJDTFNFSHJOHGSPN

NBSLFUJOH
CSBOEJOH
BOESFTFBSDITVDDFTTFT$PNNFSDJBM)VNBO4QBDFnJHIU

IBTBUSBOTGPSNBUJWFFGGFDUPODPOTVNFSCFIBWJPS
BOENPSFDVTUPNFST

QVSDIBTF437nJHIUT437SFTFBSDISFTVMUTBSFIJHIMZQSPEVDUJWFBOEBUUSBDU

TJHOJmDBOUOFXHPWFSONFOU
JOUFSOBUJPOBM
BOEDPNNFSDJBMJOUFSFTUGPSGVUVSF

FYQFSJNFOUT

Constrained scenario437TPQFSBUFJOBOFOWJSPONFOUPGESBNBUJDSFEVDUJPO

JOTQFOEJOHDPNQBSFEUPUPEBZ
EVF
GPSFYBNQMF
UPXPSTFOFEHMPCBMFDPOPNZ

RESULTS

5PUBMQSPKFDUFEEFNBOEGPS437T
BDSPTTBMMFJHIUNBSLFUT
HSPXTGSPNBSPVOE

TFBUDBSHPFRVJWBMFOUTJO:FBSUPPWFSTFBUDBSHPFRVJWBMFOUTJOUIF

UFOUIZFBSPGUIFCBTFMJOFDBTF	:FBSSFQSFTFOUTUIFmSTUZFBSPGSFHVMBS437

PQFSBUJPOT
%FNBOEVOEFSUIFHSPXUITDFOBSJP
XIJDISFnFDUTJODSFBTFTEVF

UPGBDUPSTTVDIBTNBSLFUJOH
SFTFBSDITVDDFTTFT
BOEnJHIUPQFSBUJPOT
HSPXT

GSPNBCPVU
UPNPSFUIBO
TFBUDBSHPFRVJWBMFOUTPWFSUFOZFBST5IF

DPOTUSBJOFETDFOBSJP
XIJDISFnFDUTTJHOJmDBOUMZSFEVDFEDPOTVNFSTQFOEJOH

BOEHPWFSONFOUCVEHFUT
TIPXTEFNBOEGSPNBCPVUUPTFBUDBSHP

FRVJWBMFOUTQFSZFBS	TFF5BCMF





	

	



	


Table 42. Seat/Cargo Equivalents

Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Year 8 Year 9 Year 10 Total

Baseline 

4DFOBSJP           


(SPXUI

4DFOBSJP 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


$POTUSBJOFE

4DFOBSJP           


Table 43. Total Projected Demand for SRVs Across All Markets
107

Launch Data and Trends

DEMAND BY MARKET

"TTIPXOJO'JHVSFCFMPX
XIJDIDPNQBSFTGPSFDBTUTGPSBMMNBSLFUTCZ

TDFOBSJP
EFNBOEGPS437TJTEPNJOBUFECZ$PNNFSDJBM)VNBO4QBDFnJHIU

0VSBOBMZTJTJOEJDBUFTUIBUBCPVU
IJHIOFUXPSUIJOEJWJEVBMTGSPNBDSPTT

UIFHMPCFBSFTVGmDJFOUMZJOUFSFTUFEBOEIBWFTQFOEJOHQBUUFSOTMJLFMZUPSFTVMUJO

UIFQVSDIBTFPGBTVCPSCJUBMnJHIUPOFUIJSEGSPNUIF6OJUFE4UBUFT	CBTFEPO

HMPCBMXFBMUIEJTUSJCVUJPO
5IFJOUFSFTUFEQPQVMBUJPOXJMMHSPXBUUIFTBNFSBUF

BTUIFIJHIOFUXPSUIQPQVMBUJPO	BCPVUBOOVBMMZ
8FFTUJNBUFUIBUBCPVU

PGUIFJOUFSFTUFE
IJHIOFUXPSUIQPQVMBUJPO
PS
JOEJWJEVBMT
XJMMnZ

XJUIJOUIFZFBSGPSFDBTUQFSJPE

8FFYQFDUTQBDFFOUIVTJBTUTPVUTJEFUIFIJHIOFUXPSUIQPQVMBUJPOXJMMHFOFSBUF

BOBEEJUJPOBMEFNBOE

5IFSFTVMUJOHCBTFMJOFGPSFDBTUJTTFBUTJOUIFmSTUZFBS
HSPXJOHUPOFBSMZ

TFBUTCZZFBS
UPUBMJOHBCPVU
PWFSZFBST5IFHSPXUITDFOBSJP

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Figure 38. Total SRV Forecast by Market and Scenario

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Figure 39. Price Elasticity of Suborbital Tickets for 

Individuals with $5M in Investable Assets
109

Launch Data and Trends

DEMAND BY USER

Individuals 

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Figure 40. Enterprise Demand and Individual Demand 

in Baseline Case

Individuals

Enterprise 

(Government, 

ƵƐŝŶĞƐƐ͕EŽŶͲWƌŽĮƚͿ

20%

80%

Figure 41. Enterprise Demand by Type of Payload

Enterprise Seats

Enterprise Cargo

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72%

Figure 42. Enterprise Demand by Type of User

Government

Commercial, including 

satellite deployment

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including schools

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12%
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Figure 43. Possible Reservations Trend to Meet Forecasted Demand

Reservations

Announced Reservations to Date

Possible Reservation Trends

(To Meet Forecasted Demand)

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Constrained

Baseline

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Year 1 Year 2Year 3Year 4Year 5 Year 6 Year 7Year 8 Year 9 Year 10

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

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111

Launch Data and Trends

MAJOR UNCERTAINTIES

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112

CONCLUSION

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Figure 44. 10-year SRV Demand Forecast

$0 

$50 

$100 

$150 

$200 

 - 

 200 

 400 

 600 

 800 

1,000 

1,200 

1,400 

1,600 

1,800 

Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Year 8 Year 9 Year 10 

Growth: Multiple flights per day, $1.6B over 10 years 

 Baseline: Daily flights, nearly $600M over 10 years 

Constrained: Multiple flights per week, $300M over 10 years 

Increased demand from marketing, research 

successes, and flight operations

Today’s consumer demand and research budgets 

If there is a significant drop from today’s 

demand 

Game changing unknowns: price reductions, research discoveries, 

commercial applications, major sponsorships, others 

Additional potential demand 

(not estimated) 

Approximate Annual Flight Revenue ($M)

Seat/Cargo Equivalents

Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Year 8 Year 9 Year 10

0

1,600

1,400

1,200

1,000

800

600

400

200

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$0

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113

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APPENDICES

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Year of First Launch



Number of launches



5HOLDELOLW\



Launch Sites

$$"'4	4-$


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Atlas V





Atlas V



Atlas V



Atlas V





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Al V A l V

*Figures are for each booster.
116

DELTA IV United Launch Alliance

5IF%FMUB*7GBNJMZJTBQSPEVDUPGUIF64"JS

'PSDFT&WPMWFE&YQFOEBCMF-BVODI7FIJDMF

1SPHSBN	&&-7

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5IF%FMUB*7DBOMBVODIQBZMPBETUPBOZ

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Year of First Launch



Number of Launches



5HOLDELOLW\



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117

FALCON 9 SpaceX

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118

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120

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Number of Launches



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61"FSPTQBDFJTIFBERVBSUFSFEJO%FOWFS


$PMPSBEP
XJUIMBVODIGBDJMJUJFTBU4QBDFQPSU

"NFSJDBJO/FX.FYJDP

0DVVNJOE

	


/HQJWKPIW

	


'LDPHWHUPIW

	


Engine

Y61"$

Engine Manufacturer

$FTBSPOJ5FDIOPMPHJFT

7KUXVWN1OEI

	



Propellant

4PMJE

9HKLFOH7\SH

7FSUJDBMUBLFPGG


QBSBDIVUFSFDPWFSZ

Year Launch Operations Began



&DUJR&DSDFLW\NJOE

	


$SRJHHNPPL

	


7LPHLQ0LFURJUDYLW\

_NJOVUFT

Flight Duration

_NJOVUFT

4QBDF-PGU

3D\ORDG

accommodations /HQJWKFPLQ 'LDPHWHUFPLQ

/$ 	
 	


/$ 	
 	


/$ 	
 	


1549 	
 	


1549 	
 	

136

SPACESHIPTWO Virgin Galactic

1st Stage 2nd Stage

Stage designation 8IJUF,OJHIU5XP	&WF
 4QBDF4IJQ5XP

/HQJWKPIW 	
 	


:LQJVSDQPIW 	
 	


Manufacturer 4DBMFE$PNQPTJUFT 5IF4QBDFTIJQ$PNQBOZ

Propellant +FU"	LFSPTFOF
 /

0)51#TPMJE

7RWDOWKUXVW

kN (lbf)



	





	



Engine(s) Y18" Y3PDLFU.PUPS5XP

Engine manufacturer 1SBUU8IJUOFZ

3PDLFUEZOF 4JFSSB/FWBEB$PSQ

(QJLQHWKUXVW

kN (lbf)



	





	



Operator

7JSHJO(BMBDUJD

&RPSDQ\+HDGTXDUWHUV

64"

Manufacturer

5IF4QBDFTIJQ$PNQBOZ

Launch Site

4QBDFQPSU"NFSJDB

7JSHJO(BMBDUJDJTEFWFMPQJOH

UIFSFVTBCMFTVCPSCJUBMWFIJDMF

4QBDF4IJQ5XP4DBMFE

$PNQPTJUFTEFTJHOFE
CVJMU


BOEUFTUFE4QBDF4IJQ5XP5IF

4QBDFTIJQ$PNQBOZXJMMCVJME

GVUVSFQSPEVDUJPOWFIJDMFT

4QBDF4IJQ5XPJTUXJDFBT

MBSHF
CVUVTFTUIFTBNFCBTJD

UFDIOPMPHZ
DBSCPODPNQPTJUF

DPOTUSVDUJPO
BOEEFTJHOBT

4QBDF4IJQ0OF
XIJDIXPOUIF

"OTBSJ913*;&JOBOEXBT

UIFXPSMETmSTUQSJWBUFMZCVJMU

WFIJDMFnPXOJOUPTQBDF

5IFWFIJDMFJTBJSMBVODIFEBU

BQQSPYJNBUFMZ
NFUFST

	
GFFU
GSPNUIFDBSSJFS

BJSDSBGU8IJUF,OJHIU5XP

1PXFSFECZBIZCSJESPDLFU

NPUPS
4QBDF4IJQ5XPXJMM

GPMMPXBUZQJDBMCBMMJTUJDBSD5IF

WFIJDMFXJMMVTFBiGFBUIFSJOHw

TZTUFNGPSSFFOUSZ
GPMMPXFECZB

HMJEFSVOXBZMBOEJOH

0DVVNJOE


	

FTU

/HQJWKPIW

	


:LQJVSDQPIW

	


9HKLFOH7\SH

)PSJ[POUBMUBLFPGG


IPSJ[POUBMMBOEJOH

Year Launch Operations Begin



Seats

1JMPUT

1BSUJDJQBOUT

Price


QFSTFBU

&DUJR&DSDFLW\NJOE

	



$SRJHHNPPL

	


7LPHLQ0LFURJUDYLW\

NJOVUFT

Flight Duration

_NJOVUFT

4QBDF4IJQ5XP
137

STIG-B Armadillo Aerospace

Operator

"SNBEJMMP"FSPTQBDF

&RPSDQ\+HDGTXDUWHUV

64"

Manufacturer

"SNBEJMMP"FSPTQBDF

Launch Site

4QBDFQPSU"NFSJDB

"SNBEJMMP"FSPTQBDFJTEFWFMPQJOHUXP

TVCPSCJUBMSFVTBCMFWFIJDMFT
UIF4VCPSCJUBM

5SBOTQPSU*OFSUJBMMZ(VJEFE	45*(
	OPUDSFXFE


BOE)ZQFSJPO	DSFXFE
5IF45*(GBNJMZPG

WFIJDMFTBSFSFVTBCMF
VODSFXFE
WFSUJDBM

UBLFPGG
QBSBDIVUFSFDPWFSBCMFTVCPSCJUBM

WFIJDMFT45*(#JTBMBSHFSWFSTJPOPGUIF

DPNQBOZT45*("WFIJDMFBOEJTDBQBCMFPG

MBVODIJOHLJMPHSBN	QPVOE
QBZMPBET

UPBOBMUJUVEFPGLJMPNFUFST	NJMFT


*O0DUPCFS
45*(#QFSGPSNFEUIFmSTU

MJDFOTFEMBVODIGSPN4QBDFQPSU"NFSJDB

/HQJWKPIW

	


'LDPHWHUPIW

	


Engine Manufacturer

"SNBEJMMP"FSPTQBDF

Propellant

-09FUIBOPM

9HKLFOH7\SH

7FSUJDBMUBLFPGG


QBSBDIVUFSFDPWFSZ

Year Launch Operations Began



&DUJR&DSDFLW\NJOE

	


$SRJHHNPPL

	


7LPHLQ0LFURJUDYLW\

_NJOVUFT

Flight Duration

_NJOVUFT

45*(#
138

XAERO 0DVWHQ6SDFH6\VWHPV

Operator

.BTUFO4QBDF4ZTUFNT

&RPSDQ\+HDGTXDUWHUV

64"

Manufacturer

.BTUFO4QBDF4ZTUFNT

Launch Site

.PKBWF"JSBOE4QBDF1PSU

.BTUFODVSSFOUMZPGGFSTUIF9BFSPTVCPSCJUBM

WFIJDMFGPSQBZMPBEnJHIUT9PHEPSXJMMCFUIF

OFYUWFIJDMFBOEJTDVSSFOUMZJOEFWFMPQNFOU

.BTUFOJOUFOETUPMBUFSEFWFMPQBSFVTBCMF

TVCPSCJUBMQSPEVDUJPOWFIJDMFDBMMFEUIF

&YUSFNF"MUJUVEF	9"
.BTUFO4QBDF

4ZTUFNTJTMPDBUFEJO.PKBWF
$BMJGPSOJB

9BFSPBOE9PHEPSBSFCPUIWFSUJDBMUBLFPGG


WFSUJDBMMBOEJOH	757-

VODSFXFEWFIJDMFT

9BFSPJTEFTJHOFEUPSFBDILJMPNFUFS	

NJMF
BMUJUVEFTXJUIBLJMPHSBN	QPVOE


QBZMPBE
XIFSFBT9PHEPSXJMMCFDBQBCMFPG

SFBDIJOHLJMPNFUFST

5IFFYBDUEFTJHOBOEQFSGPSNBODFNFUSJDTGPS

UIF9"BSFTUJMMOPUJPOBM

/HQJWKPIW

	


Engine Manufacturer

.BTUFS4QBDF4ZTUFNT

Propellant

-09BMDPIPM

9HKLFOH7\SH

7FSUJDBMUBLFPGG


QBSBDIVUFSFDPWFSZ

&DUJR&DSDFLW\NJOE

	


$SRJHHNPPL

	


Flight Duration

UPNJOVUFT

9BFSP
139

CST-100 Boeing

CST-100

9HKLFOHW\SH $SFXFE
SFVTBCMF

&UHZ 7

/HQJWKPIW 	


'LDPHWHUPIW 	


Propulsion

YUISVTUFSVOJUT	TFSWJDFNPEVMF


YUISVTUFST	DPNNBOENPEVMF


Y34BCPSUFOHJOFT

Propellant -09BMDPIPM

Operator

#PFJOH

&RPSDQ\+HDGTXDUWHUV

64"

Manufacturer

#PFJOH

Launch Site

$$"'4	4-$


Launch Vehicle

Atlas V

/DQGLQJ7\SH

1BSBDIVUFTQMBTIEPXO

Year Operations Begin

_

$SFX4QBDF5SBOTQPSUBUJPO

	$45
JTBSFVTBCMFDBQTVMF

DPOTJTUJOHPGBDSFXNPEVMFBOE

TFSWJDFNPEVMF*UJTEFTJHOFEGPS

USBOTQPSUBUJPOPGVQUPTFWFODSFX

PSBDPNCJOBUJPOPGQFPQMFBOE

DBSHPUPBOEGSPNMPX&BSUIPSCJU

$45JTEFTJHOFEUPCFSFVTFE

VQUPUJNFTBOEJODMVEFTB

MBVODIFTDBQFTZTUFN

5IF$45EFTJHOVTFTQSPWFO

nJHIUDPNQPOFOUTGSPNIFSJUBHF

TZTUFNT
TVDIBTBO"QPMMP

QBSBDIVUFTZTUFNBOE0SJPOT

BJSCBHMBOEJOHTZTUFN$45

XJMMMBVODIJOJUJBMMZPOUIF"UMBT7

MBVODIWFIJDMF
CVUUIFEFTJHOJT

DPNQBUJCMFXJUIBWBSJFUZPGMBVODI

WFIJDMFT#PFJOHQMBOTUPIBWF

$45PQFSBUJPOBMJO

$45
140

CYGNUS Orbital Sciences Corp.

6WDQGDUG&\JQXV (QKDQFHG&\JQXV

9HKLFOHW\SH $BSHP
FYQFOEBCMF $BSHF
FYQFOEBCMF

/HQJWKPIW 	
 	


'LDPHWHUPIW 	
 	


8SPDVVNJOE 
	

 
	



3UHVVXUL]HGFDUJRYROXPHP3 (ft3) 	
 	


Flight duration XFFLZFBST XFFLZFBST

Propulsion YNBJOFOHJOF
YUISVTUFST YNBJOFOHJOF
YUISVTUFST

Propellant /

).0/ /).0/

3RZHUN:SHDN  

Operator

0SCJUBM4DJFODFT$PSQ

&RPSDQ\+HDGTXDUWHUV

64"

Manufacturer

0SCJUBM4DJFODFT$PSQ

5IBMFT"MFOJB4QBDF

Launch Site

."34	1BE"


Launch Vehicle

Antares

/DQGLQJ7\SH

/POSFDPWFSBCMF

Year Operations Begin



0SCJUBM4DJFODFT$PSQPSBUJPO

PGGFSTUIF$ZHOVT
BOBEWBODFE

NBOFVWFSJOHTQBDFDSBGUEFTJHOFE

UPUSBOTQPSUQSFTTVSJ[FEDBSHPUP

UIF*OUFSOBUJPOBM4QBDF4UBUJPO

/"4"TFMFDUFE0SCJUBMUPEFWFMPQ

UIF$ZHOVTVOEFSUIFBHFODZT

$PNNFSDJBM$SFXBOE$BSHP

1SPHSBN*OBEEJUJPO
/"4"BXBSEFE

0SCJUBMB$PNNFSDJBM3FTVQQMZ

4FSWJDFTDPOUSBDUUPUBMMJOH

CJMMJPOUPQSPWJEFBUMFBTUFJHIUDBSHP

SFTVQQMZNJTTJPOTUPUIF*44

5IF$ZHOVTTZTUFNDPOTJTUTPGB

TFSWJDFNPEVMFCBTFEPO0CJUBMT

-&04UBSBOE(&04UBSBOEB

QSFTTVSJ[FEDBSHPNPEVMFCBTFE

POUIFNVMUJQVSQPTFQSFTTVSJ[FE

MPHJTUJDTNPEVMFGPSUIF*44

EFWFMPQFECZ5IBMFT"MFOJB4QBDF

0ODFUIF$ZHOVTVOEPDLTGSPNUIF

*44
JUDBOTUBZJOPSCJUGPSUXPZFBST

CFGPSFJUJTQSPHSBNNFEUPSFFOUFS

$ZHOVT
141

DRAGON SpaceX

Dragon Cargo &UHZ'UDJRQ

9HKLFOHW\SH $BSHP
SFVTBCMF $SFXFE
SFVTBCMF

&UHZ  7

/HQJWKPIW 	
 	


'LDPHWHUPIW 	
 	


8SPDVVNJOE 
	

 

'RZQPDVVNJOE 
	

 

3UHVVXUL]HGFDUJRYROXPHP3 (ft3) 	
 

8QSUHVVXUL]HGFDUJRYROXPHP3 (ft3) 	
 

Flight duration XFFLZFBST 

Propulsion Y%SBDPUISVTUFST Y%SBDPUISVTUFST

Propellant /50..) /50..)

3RZHUN:SHDN  

Operator

4QBDF9

&RPSDQ\+HDGTXDUWHUV

64"

Manufacturer

4QBDF9

Launch Site

$$"'4	4-$


Launch Vehicle

'BMDPO

/DQGLQJ7\SH

1BSBDIVUFTQMBTIEPXO

Year Operations Begin

%SBHPO$BSHP

$SFX%SBHPO

%SBHPOJTBGSFFnZJOHSFVTBCMF

TQBDFDSBGUEFTJHOFEUPUBLFQSFTTVSJ[FE

DBSHP
VOQSFTTVSJ[FEDBSHP
BOEPSB

DSFXPGTFWFOUPBOEGSPNMPX&BSUIPSCJU

5IFDSFXFEWFSTJPOJTBMNPTUJEFOUJDBM

UPUIFDBSHPWFSTJPO
CVUJODMVEFTBMJGF

TVQQPSUTZTUFN
DSFXFTDBQFTZTUFN


BOEPOCPBSEDPOUSPMTGPSUIFDSFXUP

UBLFPWFSGSPNUIFnJHIUDPNQVUFSXIFO

OFFEFE4QBDF9CFHBOEFWFMPQJOH

%SBHPOJOUFSOBMMZJO*O
UIF

DPNQBOZSFDFJWFE/"4"GVOEJOHGPS

%SBHPOTEFWFMPQNFOUBOEPQFSBUJPO

VOEFSUIF$054QSPHSBN*OBEEJUJPO


/"4"BXBSEFE4QBDF9B$34DPOUSBDU

UPUBMJOHCJMMJPOUPQSPWJEFBUMFBTU

DBSHPSFTVQQMZNJTTJPOTUPUIF*44

4QBDF9IBTBMTPTFDVSFEGVOEJOHGSPN

/"4"GPSJUTFGGPSUTUPEFWFMPQ%SBHPOT

DSFXDBQBCJMJUJFT
UISPVHIUIF$$%FW

QSPHSBNJOBOEUIF$$J$BQ

QSPHSBNJO$PNCJOFE
UIFTFUXP

BXBSETBNPVOUUPNJMMJPO

%SBHPO
142

DREAM Sierra Nevada Corp. CHASER

Dream Chaser

9HKLFOHW\SH $SFXFE
SFVTBCMF

&UHZ 7

/HQJWKPIW 	


:LQJVSDQPIW 	


3UHVVXUL]HGFDUJRYROXPHP3

 (ft3) 	


Flight duration EBZT

Propulsion YIZCSJENPUPST

Propellant )5#1/

O

Operator

4JFSSB/FWBEB$PSQ

&RPSDQ\+HDGTXDUWHUV

64"

Manufacturer

4JFSSB/FWBEB$PSQ

Launch Site

$$"'4	4-$


Launch Vehicle

Atlas V

/DQGLQJ7\SH

)PSJ[POUBMMBOEJOH

Year Operations Begin

_

%SFBN$IBTFSJTBSFVTBCMF
QJMPUFE

MJGUJOHCPEZTQBDFDSBGUEFTJHOFE

UPnZVQUPTFWFODSFXBOEDBSHP

UPBOEGSPN-&0VTJOHOPOUPYJD

QSPQFMMBOU%SFBN$IBTFSXJMM

MBVODIWFSUJDBMMZPOBO"UMBT7

MBVODIWFIJDMF
DPOEVDUPQFSBUJPOT

JOMPX&BSUIPSCJU
BOEVMUJNBUFMZ

EPDLUPUIF*OUFSOBUJPOBM4QBDF

4UBUJPO'PMMPXJOHDPNQMFUJPOPGJUT

NJTTJPO
%SFBN$IBTFSXJMMEFPSCJU


FYQFSJFODFBMPXHSFFOUSZ	HT



BOEHMJEFUPBIPSJ[POUBMMBOEJOHPOB

DPOWFOUJPOBMSVOXBZ

5IFEFTJHOPG%SFBN$IBTFSEFSJWFT

GSPN/"4"T)-FYQFSJNFOUBM

BJSDSBGUDPODFQU5IFPOCPBSE

QSPQVMTJPOTZTUFNJTEFSJWFE

GSPN4JFSSB/FWBEB$PSQPSBUJPOT

4QBDF4IJQ0OFBOE4QBDF4IJQ5XP

IZCSJESPDLFUNPUPSUFDIOPMPHZ

%SFBN$IBTFSXJMMDPNQMFUFJUTmSTU

HMJEFUFTUJOFBSMZ

%SFBN$IBTFS
143

Location

$BMJGPSOJB

2ZQHU2SHUDWRU

$4144*

7"'#64"'

/DXQFK6LWH7\SH

$41'""MJDFOTFE

7"'#'FEFSBM	NJMJUBSZ


Year Established

$BMJGPSOJB4QBDFQPSU

7"'#

Number of Launch Events

$BMJGPSOJB4QBDFQPSU

7"'#

Description

"DUJWFPSCJUBMBOETVCPSCJUBMMBVODI

TJUFBOEIFBERVBSUFSTPGUIF"JS

'PSDFTth4QBDF8JOHUIBU

NBOBHFTUIF8FTUFSO3BOHF4-$

JTBDPNNFSDJBMMBVODITJUFDP

MPDBUFEBU7"'#

.H\)DFLOLWLHV

CSP:

4-$	.JOPUBVS


VAFB:

4-$&8	%FMUB**


4-$&	"UMBT7


4-$8	'BMDPO


4-$	%FMUB*7


4-$&	5BVSVT


	
NFUFSSVOXBZ


4QBDFQPSU4ZTUFNT*OUFSOBUJPOBM	44*

FTUBCMJTIFEJO


PQFSBUFT$BMJGPSOJB4QBDFQPSU	$41

XIJDIJT

MPDBUFEPO$BMJGPSOJBTDFOUSBMDPBTU5IFTQBDFQPSUJTB

DPNNFSDJBMMBVODIGBDJMJUZBOETBUFMMJUFQSPDFTTJOHGBDJMJUZ

PO7BOEFOCFSH"JS'PSDF#BTF	7"'#
*O
UIF'""

JTTVFEUIFmSTU$PNNFSDJBM4QBDF-BVODI4JUF0QFSBUPST

-JDFOTFUPUIFTQBDFQPSU44*SFDFJWFEUIJTMJDFOTFPOF

ZFBSBGUFSTJHOJOHBZFBSMFBTFXJUIUIF"JS'PSDFUP

QSPWJEFDPNNFSDJBMMBVODITFSWJDFTGSPNBBDSFQMPU

PO7"'#QSPQFSUZ5IFMFBTFBMTPJODMVEFEBQBZMPBE

QSPDFTTJOHGBDJMJUZUIBUXBTPSJHJOBMMZCVJMUGPSUIF4QBDF

4IVUUMFQSPHSBN

7"'#JTUIFPOMZMPDBUJPOJOUIF6OJUFE4UBUFTXIFSFCPUI

DPNNFSDJBMBOEHPWFSONFOUQPMBSPSCJUJOHTBUFMMJUFTBSF

MBVODIFE5IF1FHBTVT
5BVSVT
.JOPUBVS
"UMBT7
BOE

%FMUB*7WFIJDMFTMBVODIQPMBSPSCJUJOHTBUFMMJUFTGSPN7"'#

4QBDF9QMBOTUPMBVODIJUT'BMDPOWFIJDMFGSPN7"'#JO

7"'#BMTPMBVODIFTJOUFSDPOUJOFOUBMCBMMJTUJDNJTTJMFT

5IFCBTFTUBSUFEBTB64"SNZUSBJOJOHDFOUFS
$BNQ

$PPLF
JO
BOEXBTPGmDJBMMZUSBOTGFSSFEUPUIF64"JS

'PSDFJO

CALIFORNIA SPACEPORT

VANDENBERG AIR FORCE BASE

SSI

U.S. Air Force
144

4QBDF'MPSJEBNBOBHFTUXPMBVODITJUFT$BQF$BOBWFSBM

4QBDFQPSU	$$4
JTDPMPDBUFEBU$BQF$BOBWFSBM"JS'PSDF

4UBUJPO*UBMTPNBOBHFTBIBOHBSBU/"4"T,FOOFEZ4QBDF

$FOUFSGPSTVCPSCJUBMSFVTBCMFWFIJDMFT$FDJM'JFME4QBDFQPSU

	$'4
JTDPMPDBUFEBU$FDJM"JSQPSUOFBS+BDLTPOWJMMF

4QBDF'MPSJEB
VTJOHB
HSBOUGSPNUIF4UBUFPG

'MPSJEB
JTSFGVSCJTIJOH4-$
XIJDIIBTOPUCFFOVTFE

GPSMBVODIFTTJODF5IFTJUFXJMMTVQQPSUMBVODIFTPG

-PDLIFFE.BSUJOTOFX"UIFOB***BOE0SCJUBMT.JOPUBVS

BOE5BVSVT4QBDF'MPSJEBJTBMTPDPOmHVSJOH4-$GPS

TVCPSCJUBMMBVODIFTTJNJMBSUP4-$*O.BZ
.BTUFO

4QBDF4ZTUFNTBOE4QBDF'MPSJEBTJHOFEB


DPOUSBDUGPS.BTUFOUPQFSGPSNWFSUJDBMMBVODIFTGSPN

4-$"3FDFOUMZDPNQMFUFEDPOTUSVDUJPOJODMVEFTB

QSPDFTTJOHGBDJMJUZ
MBVODIDPOUSPMDFOUFS
BOEMBVODIQBE

Location

Florida

2ZQHU2SHUDWRU

4QBDF'MPSJEB

/DXQFK6LWH7\SH

$$4'""MJDFOTFE

$'4'""MJDFOTFE

Year established

$$4

$'4

Number of Orbital Launch Events

$$4

Description

$BQF$BOBWFSBM4QBDFQPSUTVQQPSUT

DPNNFSDJBMPSCJUBMBOETVCPSCJUBM

MBVODIFT$FDJM'JFME4QBDFQPSU

TVQQPSUTDPNNFSDJBMTVCPSCJUBM

BDUJWJUZ

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CCS:

#VTJOFTT*ODVCBUPS

4-$

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CFS:

-3	
NFUFSSVOXBZ

3-	
NFUFSSVOXBZ


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NFUFSSVOXBZ


3-	
NFUFSSVOXBZ


Space Florida CAPE CANAVERAL SPACEPORT

CECIL FIELD SPACEPORT

Cecil Field 

Spaceport

Cape Canaveral 

Spaceport
145

5PHFUIFS
UIF"JS'PSDFT$BQF$BOBWFSBM"JS'PSDF4UBUJPO

	$$"'4
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XIJMFIVNBOTQBDFnJHIUNJTTJPOT

NBOBHFECZ/"4"UBLFQMBDFGSPN,4$T-BVODI$PNQMFY



#PUIMBVODITJUFTJODMVEFBMBSHFWBSJFUZPGQBZMPBEBOE

WFIJDMFQSPDFTTJOHGBDJMJUJFT
IB[BSEPVTNBUFSJBMTTUPSBHF


MJRVJEGVFMJOHTZTUFNT
BOEBDDFTTUPSBJM
BJS
BOETFB

USBOTQPSUBUJPO

,4$JTQSFQBSJOHGBDJMJUJFTGPS/"4"TGPSUIDPNJOH4QBDF

-BVODI4ZTUFNBOE0SJPODSFXFEDBQTVMF*UJTBMTP

XPSLJOHXJUI4QBDF'MPSJEBUPMFBTFGBDJMJUJFTGPSDPNNFSDJBM

VTF

CAPE CANAVERAL AFS

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER

U.S. Air Force

NASA

Location

Florida

2ZQHU2SHUDWRU

$$"'464"'

,4$/"4"

/DXQFK6LWH7\SH

$$"'4'FEFSBM	NJMJUBSZ


,4$'FEFSBM	DJWJM


Year Established

$$"'4

,4$

Number of Orbital Launch Events

$$"'4

,4$

Description

.BJOPSCJUBMMBVODITJUFGPSUIF6OJUFE

4UBUFTTJODF)FBERVBSUFSTPG

UIF"JS'PSDFTth4QBDF8JOHUIBU

NBOBHFTUIF&BTUFSO3BOHFXJUI

TVQQPSUGSPN/"4"8'',4$IBT

CFFOUIFDFOUFSPG/"4"TIVNBO

TQBDFnJHIUBDUJWJUZTJODFUIFNJE

T

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CCAFS

4-$	%FMUB*7


4-$	'BMDPO


4-$	"UMBT7


	
NFUFSTLJETUSJQ


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146

,PEJBL-BVODI$PNQMFY	,-$
JTUIFmSTU'""MJDFOTFE

MBVODITJUFOPUDPMPDBUFEPOBGFEFSBMMZDPOUSPMMFEMBVODI

TJUF,PEJBLIBTPOFMBVODIQBE	-1
UIBUDBOMBVODI

JOUFSNFEJBUFDMBTTQBZMPBETUP-&0PSQPMBSPSCJUT5IF

DPNQMFYBMTPIBTBTVCPSCJUBMMBVODIQBE	-1
GPSNJTTJMF

UFTUJOH

*O
-PDLIFFE.BSUJOBOOPVODFEUIFSFWJWBMPGUIF

"UIFOBMBVODIWFIJDMFGBNJMZBOEIJHIMJHIUFE,-$BTB

MBVODITJUFGPSUIFWFIJDMFT%FWFMPQNFOUPGBOFXMBVODI

QBEGPSUIF"UIFOB***CFHBOJO*O0DUPCFS


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Description

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2012 WORLDWIDE ORBITAL LAUNCH EVENTS

2012 Launch Manifest
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Alliance Atlas V 551 launched the MUOS 1 

communications satellite into GEO.

Image credit: Lockheed Martin