T hi s di s pos i t i on i s notappr opr i a t e f orpubl i c a t i on and i s notpr e c e de nt * e xc e pta s pr ovi de d by9th C i r . R . 36- 3.

T he pa ne l una ni m ous l yc onc l ude s thi s c a s e i s s ui t abl e f orde c i s i on ** w ith o u t o r a l a r g u m e n t. See F ed. R . A pp . P . 34 (a )( 2). NOT F OR P UB L I CAT I ON UN I TE D STATE S C OU RT OF APPE ALS FOR T HE NI NTH CI RC UI T STEV E K A SSA B, P la in tif

f - A p p e lla n t, v. S A N D I E G O P O L I C E D E P A R T M E N T , a m u n ic ip a l c o rp o r a tio n ; e t a l., D efen d an t s - A p p el l ees. N o. 09- 56653 D. C . No . 3 : 0 7 - c v - 0 1 0 7 1 - MM AWMC ME MOR AN DU M *

A pp ea l fr om the U ni t ed S t at es D i stri ctC ou rt f o rth e S o u th e rn D is tr ic t o f C a lif o rn ia M i c ha e l M . A ne l l o, D i s tr i c tJ udge , P r e s i di ng S ubm i tt e d S e pt e m be r27, 2011 ** B e f o r e : S I L V E R M A N , W . F L E T C H E R , a n dM U R G U I A , C ir c u it Ju d g e s . S te v e K a s s ab ap p e a ls p r o s e f r o m th e d is tr ic t c o u rt’s s u m m a ryju d g m e n t in h is 4 2 U .S .C . § 1 9 8 3 a c tio n a lle g in g u n la w f u l s e a r c h a n ds e iz u r e , f

a ls e a rr e s t, e x c e s s iv e f

o r c e , a n do th e rc la im s . W e h a v e ju r is d ic tio n u n d e r2 8 U .S .C . § 1 2 9 1 . 

# FI LED OC T 13 2011 M OLLY C. DW Y ER, CLERK U . S. C O U R T OF APPE ALS09- 56653 2 W e r e vi e w de novo. W h ita ke rv . G a r c e tti , 4 8 6 F .3 d5 7 2 , 5 7 9 ( 9 th C ir . 2 0 0 7 ) . W e a f f i rm i n pa rt , r e ve r s e i n pa rt , a nd r e m a nd. T he di s tr i c tc ourtpr ope r l ygr a nt e d s um m a ryj udgm e nton K a s s ab’ s § 1983 cl ai m s co n cern i n g th e search es o f h i s st o re, h i s arrest , an dh i s p ro secu t i o n b ecau se these cl ai m s are H

ec k- b a rr e d . See H

ec k v . H um ph re y , 512 U . S . 477, 486- 87 ( 1994) (apl ai nt i ff

cann otbri ng a § 19 83 cl ai m thatnece ss ar i l y i m pl i es the i nv al i di ty of a c o n v ic tio n u n le s s th e c o n v ic tio n h a s b e e n in v a lid a te d ) ; se e al so G uerr er o v. G ates , 4 4 2 F .3 d6 9 7 , 7 0 4 -0 5 (9 th C ir. 2 0 0 6 ) ( claim s im p lyin g th e in v alid ity o f p lain ti ff’s conv i ct i on s w er e H

ec k- barr ed even tho ug h p l ai nt i ff w as no l on ger i n cust od y) . T h e d istrict co u rt p ro p er ly g ra n tedsu m m ary ju d g m en t o n K as sab ’s e x c e s s iv e f

o r c e c la im a lle g in g th a t d e f e n d a n t N u n e z s la m m e dac a rd o o ro n h is k n e e b e c au s e K a s s ab f

a ile dto c r e a te ag e n u in e d is p u te o f m a te r ia l f

a c t a s to w h e th e rN u n e z a c te din te n tio n a lly . See B row erv. C ou nt y of Inyo , 489 U . S . 593, 5 9 6 - 9 7 ( 1 9 8 9 ) ( o n lyin te n tio n a l c o n d u c t c a n f o rm th e b a s is o f

aF o u rth A m e n d m e n t v io la tio n ) . T he di s tr i c tc ourta l s o gr a nt e d s um m a ryj udgm e nton K a s s ab’ s e xc e s s i ve f o r c e c la im a g a in s t th e in d iv id u a l o f f ic e r s a lle g in g th a t h e w a s s u b je c te dto exce ss i ve heat . T he di stri ctcourtconcl ud ed thatqu al i fi ed i m m un i ty app l i ed because the force used w as de m i ni m us and b ec ause i tw as no tcl earl y e st abl i shed09- 56653 3 th a t th e o f

f ic e r s ’ c o n d u c t v io la te dth e F o u rth A m e n d m e n t. H o w e v e r , in h is veri fi ed am ended com pl ai ntand h i s dec l ar at i on i n o pp osi t i on t o sum m ary j udgm e nt , K a s s ab s t a t e d tha the w a s de t a i ne d i n apol i c e c a rf orm or e tha n f

our ho urs, w i th the w i nd ow s r ol l ed up , no ai r c on di t i on i ng , and an i nt er i or t em pera ture of 11 5 d egre es . A cc ordi ng t o h i s s w orn st at em ent s, K as sab suffe re d from heat stro k e, h ad d i ffi cu l ty b reath i n g , an dal m o stp assed o u tsev eral t i m es. T h ese facts, vi ew ed i n the l i gh tm ostfavo rabl e t o K as sab, cr ea t e atri abl e di sput e a s t o w hether defe nd ant s use d exces si ve force . Se e B o y d v . B e n to n C o u n ty , 374 F . 3d 773, 781 ( 9th C i r . 2004) ( “ [ W ] he n a n of f i c e r ’ s c onduc ti s s o pa t e nt l yvi ol a t i ve of the c ons t i tut i ona l r i ghttha tr e a s onabl e of f i c i a l s w oul d know w i thoutgui da nc e f r om th e co u rt s th atth e act i o n w as u n co n st i tu t i o n al , cl o sel y an al o g o u s p re-ex i st i n g case l a w i s notr e qui r e d t o s how tha tthe l a w i s c l e a r l ye s t abl i s he d. ” ( c i t a t i on a nd i nt ernal qu ot at i on m arks om i tt ed)) ; J ac k s on v . C i t

yof B r e m e r ton , 268 F . 3d 646, 65 1 & n. 1 (9th C i r. 20 01 ) ( di sc ussi ng fa ct ors f or det erm i ni ng w hether the force used w as exce ss i ve, and st at i ng thatthe t es tfor r ea sonabl enes s i s oft en a j ury que s t i on) . A c c or di ngl y , w e r e ve r s e s um m a ryj udgm e nton K a s s ab’ s c l a i m a s t o the i n d i v i d u al o ffi cers an drem an dfo r fu rth er p ro ceed i n g s. T h e d istrict co u rt p ro p er ly g ra n tedsu m m ary ju d g m en t o n K as sab ’s exce ss i ve force cl ai m s a gai nstthe C i ty of S an D i ego d ef endant s bec ause there w as09- 56653 4 n o u n d e r ly in g c o n s titu tio n a l v io la tio n a s to th e c a rd o o rin c id e n t, se e Scot t v. H enri ch , 3 9 F .3 d9 1 2 , 9 1 6 ( 9 th C ir . 1 9 9 4 ) , a n dK a s s ab f a ile dto c r e a te atr iab le d is p u te to a s to w h e th e rth e e x p o s u r e to e x c e s s iv e h e a t w a s th e p r o d u c t o f ac ity c u s to m o rp r a c tic e o raf a ilu r e to tr a in , see Mo n el l v. D ep ’t o f So c. Servs. , 4 3 6 U . S. 6 5 8 , 6 9 0 - 9 1 ( 1 9 7 8 ) . K a s s ab ’s r e m a in in g c o n te n tio n s a r e u n p e r s u a s iv e . W e do notc ons i de ra r gum e nt s orc l a i m s tha tw e r e notr a i s e d be f or e the d is tr ic t c o u rt. See Sm i th v. M a rsh , 19 4 F . 3d 10 45 , 10 52 (9th C i r. 19 99 ). A l l pe ndi ng m ot i on ar e de ni e d. E a c h p a rtys h a ll b e a rth e iro w n c o s ts o n ap p e a l. AF F I RME D i n p a r t , RE V E RS E D i n p a r t , a n d RE MAND E D.