REDAC Human Factors SubcommitteeUAS Flight Deck Program Review

Ashley Awwad

September 8, 2016

Federal Aviation

Administration

Human Factors UAS Research

TCRG research requirement areas:
| Flight Deck Human Factors Research Requirement Area                | Aviation Safety  (AVS)Principal Technical Sponsor     |
|--------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------|
| Minimum Detect and Avoid (DAA) Display and Flight Path Information | Flight Standards - Unmanned Aircraft Systems (AFS-86) |
| UAS Assessment for Enroute Contingency Operations                  | Air Traffic Procedures (AJV-8)                        |
| UAS Human Factors Consideration                                    | Flight Standards - Unmanned Aircraft Systems (AFS-86) |

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FY16 Human Factors REDAC Fall Meeting

Federal Aviation

Administration

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Minimum Detect and Avoid (DAA) Display and Flight Path Information

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FY16 Human Factors REDAC Fall Meeting

Federal Aviation

Administration

NextGen: Minimum Detect and Avoid (DAA) Display and Flight Path Information (A12C.HFNG.1)

Critical Milestones  

Sponsor  Outcome

Research Requirement Description

Research Accomplishments in FY16

Determine the minimum necessary DAA display information required for a UAS pilot to remain well clear. DAA is necessary for integration of UAS in the NAS as part of NextGen.

Sponsor: Stephen Plishka (AFS-86)

Regulatory standards for the display of detect and avoid information

Literature review and related recommendations for DAA. (FY16)

Final technical report describing the results to support minimum requirements for DAA (FY17)

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Completed quick-look report documenting the findings from initial simulations for UAS Detect and Avoid

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FY16 Human Factors REDAC Fall Meeting

Federal Aviation

Administration

Directions:

General: Much of this information should reside in prior Quad Chart exercises.  As you can see we replaced the ‘Funding’ quadrant with a ‘Research Accomplishments in FY15’ quadrant.

Research Requirement and Sponsor Outcome Quadrants: Draw information of the AVS research Requirement Input Form.

Critical Milestones Quadrant:  Draw information from the PREP and the AVS research Requirement Input Form.  It is highly recommended that you include a recent Milestone that can be clearly linked to an FY15 Accomplishment.

Accomplishments in FY15 Quadrant:  Include significant research accomplishments during FY15 for this requirement.  If you have a research accomplishment from an FY13 or FY14 requirement, create a separate Quad chart for that requirement. 

Insert an image in the upper right corner if appropriate.

4

UAS Assessment for En Route Contingency Operations

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FY16 Human Factors REDAC Fall Meeting

Federal Aviation

Administration

UAS Assessment for En Route Contingency Operations

6

Mitigation of the impact of UAS  en route contingency operations. 

A literature review and user needs analysis will be conducted and used to develop a study plan to investigate potential procedures and technological solutions to mitigate the workload and safety impact of UAS contingency operations (such as loss of control link). 

From an ATC perspective, it is critical that the UAS behaves in a predictable manner and is compatible with manned aircraft operations. However, there are unique needs of UAS operations that arise during various contingency conditions, for example, the need to reacquire a lost control link.

Sponsor:  Brett Steffey (AJV-8) 

Other stakeholders: AFS-86, AJV-7, AJC-115, NATCA

Research plan to test controller and pilot performance with procedures and technology to mitigate the effects of contingency operations in a human-in-the-loop simulation.

Delivered literature review

Site visits to Los Angeles, Minneapolis, and Chicago ARTCCs and Joshua TRACON to conduct knowledge elicitation interviews with controllers on current UAS lost link, lost comm, & other contingencies and explore procedures and technological enhancements to mitigate the impact of contingency operations

Knowledge elicitation interviews with Reaper & Global Hawk pilots regarding contingency operations and flight replanning capabilities
| Literature review and baseline of current Procedures                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       | Complete |
|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|----------|
| SME interviews (ATC and UAS pilots)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        | 12/31/16 |
| Candidate procedures and technologies for mitigating effects of contingencies                                                                                                                                                                                                                              | 4/30/17  |
| Test plan for evaluating candidate procedures/technologies                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 | 6/30/17  |
| Report documenting: 1) results of literature review and baseline of current procedures (e.g., lost link); 2) data collected from SME interviews (ATC and UAS pilots); 3) list of possible solutions (candidate procedures and technologies); 4) test plan for evaluating candidate procedures/technologies | 6/30/17  |

FY16 Human Factors REDAC Fall Meeting

Critical Milestones  

Sponsor Outcome

Research Requirement Description

Research Accomplishments in FY16

Federal Aviation

Administration

Unmanned Aircraft Systems Human Factors Considerations

7

FY16 Human Factors REDAC Fall Meeting

Federal Aviation

Administration

UAS Human Factors Control Station Design Standards

8

Develop appropriate function allocation strategy for civil UAS based on human factors principles and research

Based on the function allocation strategy, develop recommended control station standards and guidelines

Develop recommended crewmember training and certification requirements for pilots and other crewmembers

Through ethnographic research, recommend visual observer training and certification requirements

Sponsor: Stephen Plishka, AFS-86

Empirical research to support the development of the new standards needed for control station design, for operator training and certification, and for visual observer operations.

Delivered literature review on human factors research related to function allocation strategies for UAS human-automation functions

Delivered literature review on the human factors research related to UAS mission planning
| Develop recommended function allocation strategies for UAS human-machine functions                                            | Jan 2017  |
|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------|
| Develop recommended minimum standards and design guidelines for UAS control stations                                          | July 2017 |
| Develop recommended crewmember training and certification requirements, to include pilots and other crew members              | Dec 2017  |
| Develop recommended visual observer training and certification requirements to support the safe integration of UAS in the NAS | May 2017  |

FY16 Human Factors REDAC Fall  Meeting

Critical Milestones  

Sponsor Outcome

Research Requirement Description

Research Accomplishments in FY16

Federal Aviation

Administration

BACKUP/Previous

9

FY16 Human Factors REDAC Fall Meeting

Federal Aviation

Administration

Minimum Detect and Avoid (DAA) Display and Flight Path Information

10

FY16 Human Factors REDAC Fall Meeting

Federal Aviation

Administration

UAS Minimum Detect and Avoid Display & Flight Path Information

11

The FAA’s Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) Program Office requested a study that would provide scientific data to inform development of regulatory and guidance materials for Aircraft Certification of UAS control stations, specifically, to establishing the minimum requirements for approving detect and avoid (DAA) system displays that are necessary to allow a UAS pilot to remain well-clear of other aircraft.  The data support development of regulatory and guidance  material that addresses traffic Information, alerting, and flight path guidance to provide adequate UAS pilot performance. These data will be used by RTCA SC-228 for the Minimal Operational Performance Standards for DAA.

Sponsor: Stephen Plishka, AFS-86

Empirical basis for display and alerting requirements in RTCA  SC-228 minimum operational performance  standard for UAS detect and avoid systems.

Completed initial simulations for UAS Detect and Avoid – March 2016

Completed initial data analysis

Completed quick-look on initial study findings
| Run simulation for UAS Detect and Avoid (WJHTC)                                                                         | Complete   |
|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------|
| Technical Report on minimum DAA display requirements, alerting requirements, and human interface recommendations (CAMI) | 12/31/2016 |
| Run full mission simulations using recommended displays                                                                 | 09/30/2017 |
| Report documenting the results of full mission simulations                                                              | 09/30/2017 |

+16

-09

+10

-25

5 nm

+26

+09

UAL 455

075

FY16 Human Factors REDAC Fall Meeting

Critical Milestones  

Sponsor Outcome

Research Requirement Description

Research Accomplishments in FY16

Federal Aviation

Administration

UAS Assessment for En Route Contingency Operations

12

FY16 Human Factors REDAC Fall Meeting

Federal Aviation

Administration

UAS Assessment for En Route Contingency Operations

13

Mitigation of the impact of UAS  en route contingency operations. 

A literature review and user needs analysis will be conducted and used to develop a study plan to investigate potential procedures and technological solutions to mitigate the workload and safety impact of UAS contingency operations (such as loss of control link). 

From an ATC perspective, it is critical that the UAS behaves in a predictable manner and is compatible with manned aircraft operations. However, there are unique needs of UAS operations that arise during various contingency conditions, for example, the need to reacquire a lost control link.

Sponsor:  Brett Steffey (AJV-8) 

Other stakeholders: AFS-86, AJV-7, AJC-115, NATCA

Research plan to test controller and pilot performance with procedures and technology to mitigate the effects of contingency operations in a human-in-the-loop simulation.

Delivered literature review

Site visits to Los Angeles, Minneapolis, and Chicago ARTCCs and Joshua TRACON to conduct knowledge elicitation interviews with controllers on current UAS lost link, lost comm, & other contingencies and explore procedures and technological enhancements to mitigate the impact of contingency operations

Knowledge elicitation interviews with Reaper & Global Hawk pilots regarding contingency operations and flight replanning capabilities
| Literature review and baseline of current Procedures                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       | Complete |
|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|----------|
| SME interviews (ATC and UAS pilots)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        | 12/31/16 |
| Candidate procedures and technologies for mitigating effects of contingencies                                                                                                                                                                                                                              | 4/30/17  |
| Test plan for evaluating candidate procedures/technologies                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 | 6/30/17  |
| Report documenting: 1) results of literature review and baseline of current procedures (e.g., lost link); 2) data collected from SME interviews (ATC and UAS pilots); 3) list of possible solutions (candidate procedures and technologies); 4) test plan for evaluating candidate procedures/technologies | 6/30/17  |

FY16 Human Factors REDAC Fall Meeting

Critical Milestones  

Sponsor Outcome

Research Requirement Description

Research Accomplishments in FY16

Federal Aviation

Administration

Unmanned Aircraft Systems Human Factors Considerations

14

FY16 Human Factors REDAC Fall Meeting

Federal Aviation

Administration

UAS Human Factors Control Station Design Standards

15

Develop appropriate function allocation strategy for civil UAS based on human factors principles and research

Based on the function allocation strategy, develop recommended control station standards and guidelines

Develop recommended crewmember training and certification requirements for pilots and other crewmembers

Through ethnographic research, recommend visual observer training and certification requirements

Sponsor: Stephen Plishka, AFS-86

Empirical research to support the development of the new standards needed for control station design, for operator training and certification, and for visual observer operations.

Delivered literature review on human factors research related to function allocation strategies for UAS human-automation functions
| Develop recommended function allocation strategies for UAS human-machine functions                                            | Jan 2017  |
|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------|
| Develop recommended minimum standards and design guidelines for UAS control stations                                          | July 2017 |
| Develop recommended crewmember training and certification requirements, to include pilots and other crew members              | Dec 2017  |
| Develop recommended visual observer training and certification requirements to support the safe integration of UAS in the NAS | May 2017  |

FY16 Human Factors REDAC Fall  Meeting

Critical Milestones  

Sponsor Outcome

Research Requirement Description

Research Accomplishments in FY16

Federal Aviation

Administration

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