# Patent

## Title
Memory devices configured to identify an operating mode

## Abstract

Memory devices having a memory module, an interface, identification circuitry and a controller coupled to the memory module and the identification circuitry. The identification circuitry is configured to identify a selected operating mode from a plurality of signals sensed at the interface in response to a plurality of signals previously applied to the interface by the identification circuitry. The controller is operable to configure the memory device to the selected operating mode responsive to the identification circuitry.

## Background
RELATED APPLICATIONS
This Patent Application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/199,269, filed Aug. 27, 2008 now U.S. Pat. No. 7,721,017, entitled “METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR IDENTIFYING OPERATING MODES FOR PERIPHERAL DEVICES,” (allowed), which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/292,496, filed Dec. 1, 2005, entitled “Flash Memory Card With Enhanced Operating Mode Detection and User-Friendly Interfacing System,” now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 7,421,523, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/940,972, filed Aug. 28, 2001, entitled “Flash Memory Card With Enhanced Operating Mode Detection and User-Friendly Interfacing System,” now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 6,721,819, which is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/234,430, filed Jan. 20, 1999, entitled “System For Configuring a Flash Memory Card With Enhanced Operating Mode Detection and User-Friendly Interfacing System,” now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 6,385,667, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/034,173, filed Mar. 2, 1998, entitled “Improved Compact Flash Memory Card and Interface,” now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 6,182,162, all of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety.


TECHNICAL FIELD
This disclosure relates to the field of apparatus facilitating connectivity between a host, e.g., a computer system, and a peripheral device, e.g., a memory device. More particularly, this disclosure relates to the field of flash memory cards capable of identifying the operating mode of an interface apparatus or host computer system's peripheral port to which the flash memory cards are coupled and of automatically configuring themselves to operate in the identified operating mode.
BACKGROUND
The continual penetration of computer systems into additional markets has been fueled by the emphasis on cost effective user-friendly adaptations for the computer system and on minimizing the amount of resources the user expends configuring the computer system rather than productively utilizing the computer system. Concomitant with the explosion in the popularity of computer systems has seen the proliferation of available externally attachable/detachable peripheral devices for use with the computer system to meet the application demands of the user. One such peripheral is the flash memory card.
A flash memory card is a nonvolatile memory device with a compact housing that does not require a power source in order to retain its memory contents. A typical flash memory card stores charge on a floating gate to represent a first logic state of the binary state system, while the lack of stored charge represents a second logic state of the binary state system. Additionally, the typical flash memory card is capable of performing a write operation, a read operation, and an erase operation.
Flash memory cards can provide “plug and play” capability, low power consumption, portability, and high density storage. Flash memory cards are well suited for digital applications such as digital camera storage, digital audio applications, and wherever rewritable, digital data storage in a portable housing is needed.
The input/output terminal of the flash memory card is configured to observe one of the prevailing industry standards. This standard requires the input/output terminal to be a fifty pin connector. The flash memory card with its fifty pin connector is designed to fit within either a fifty pin flash socket or, with the addition of a passive adapter, a sixty-eight pin PCMCIA socket. However, most host computer systems do not have either the fifty pin flash socket or the sixty-eight pin PCMCIA socket. If a user wishes to utilize the flash memory card with the host computer system, the user must purchase an expensive PCMCIA socket to connect with the host computer system.
Another deficiency in the current flash memory card market is the inability of the flash memory card to be conveniently configured for operating in the universal serial bus (USB) mode, the PCMCIA mode, the ATA IDE mode, or any other protocol for coupling peripheral devices to host computer systems and accessing the peripheral devices. There is a need for a flash memory card that automatically detects and configures itself to the operating mode being utilized by the interface apparatus or host computer system's peripheral port to which the flash memory card is coupled.
Applicant previously proposed a flash memory card and interfacing system to address the current unavailability of automatically configurable flash memory cards. That flash memory card and interfacing system is disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/034,173, filed Mar. 2, 1998, entitled “Improved Compact Flash Memory Card and Interface.” That application is incorporated herein by reference.
Applicant's previous flash memory card and interfacing system is shown in FIG. 1A. The interfacing system 10 includes a flash memory card interface device 100 and a flash memory card 90 with a fifty pin connector. The flash memory card interface device 100 employs the universal serial bus architecture. The flash memory card interface device 100 includes the following components: a housing 20, a card slot 30, a cable 40, a cable connector 45, and a plug 50. For one embodiment, the cable 40 is a standard universal serial bus cable. The plug 50 is configured to easily couple with a universal serial bus port on a host computer system.
FIG. 1B illustrates a bottom cutaway view of the housing 20 in the flash memory card interface device 100. FIG. 1C illustrates a perspective cutaways view of the flash memory card interface device 100. A card receiver housing 130 is attached to the bottom plate 110. Additionally, a plurality of contact pins 160 are coupled to the card receiver housing 130, e.g., fifty contact pins. The card receiver housing 130 is configured to couple and hold the flash memory card 90 as the flash memory card 90 is inserted through the slot opening 30 in the housing 20 as shown in FIG. 1A. Further, the plurality of contact pins 160 are configured to electrically couple with the corresponding pins (not shown) on the flash memory card 90.
In operation, one end of flash memory card interface device 100 is coupled to a host computer system (not shown) via the plug 50 and the other end of the flash memory card interface device 100 is coupled to the flash memory card 90 via the card receiver housing 130, a fifty pin connection.
Applicant's previous flash memory card 90 detected the operating mode of the interface device 100 to which the previous flash memory card was coupled and configured itself to the appropriate operating mode by using an internal controller and a sensing means coupled to the internal controller. FIG. 2 illustrates a flowchart diagram which represents the procedure the internal controller of the previous flash memory card 90 could follow in detecting the operating mode of the interface device 100 to which the previous flash memory card 90 was coupled. The fundamental mechanism utilized by the internal controller for detecting the operating mode consists solely of sensing signals at the fifty pin connector of the previous flash memory card 90. At the fifty pin connector, the internal controller does not alter or add signals, but simply senses the signals.
The operating mode detection sequence begins with the previous flash memory card 90 being coupled to the flash memory card interface device 100, which is coupled to the host computer system, then proceeding to the BLOCK 200 routine of powering up the previous flash memory card 90. After the power up sequence in BLOCK 200, the signal at the HOE_pin terminal of the previous flash memory card 90 is sensed in BLOCK 210. If the signal at the HOE_pin terminal is a logic HIGH, then proceeding to BLOCK 220 the internal controller configures the previous flash memory card 90 into the PCMCIA mode. However, if the signal at the HOE_pin terminal is logic LOW, then proceeding to BLOCK 230 the signal at the HOSTRESET_pin terminal is sensed. If the signal at the HOSTRESET_pin terminal is logic LOW, then the operating mode detection sequence returns to BLOCK 230 and senses the signal at the HOSTRESET_pin terminal again. If the signal at the HOSTRESET_pin terminal remains logic LOW, then the operating mode detection sequence continues to loop back to BLOCK 230 until the HOSTRESET_pin terminal switches to logic HIGH. If the signal at the HOSTRESET_pin terminal is logic HIGH, then proceeding to BLOCK 240 the signals at pin terminals IOW_, IOR_, HCE1_, and HCE2— are sensed. If all of these signals are logic LOW, then proceeding to BLOCK 250 the internal controller configures the previous flash memory card 90 into the universal serial bus mode. If any of these signals are logic HIGH, then proceeding to BLOCK 260 the internal controller configures the previous flash memory card 90 into the ATA IDE mode.
Unfortunately, since the previous flash memory card 90 relies solely on sensing particular signals at particular pin terminals, the previous flash memory card 90 is limited as to the number of different operating modes it is capable of detecting. In addition, reliance on sensing a few pin terminals is susceptible to detecting an incorrect operating mode because a single missensed signal could cause the previous flash memory card 90 to be configured to the incorrect operating mode.
What is needed is a flash memory card capable of detecting a large number of different operating modes. What is further needed is a flash memory card capable of accurately and automatically detecting the operating mode of the interface device or host computer system's peripheral port to which the flash memory card is coupled and of configuring itself to the detected operating mode. What is further needed is an interfacing system which simplifies both the attachment to host computer systems and configuration of flash memory cards from the end-user perspective.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1A illustrates a perspective view of an embodiment of the disclosure.
FIG. 1B illustrates a bottom cutaway view of an embodiment of the disclosure.
FIG. 1C illustrates a perspective inside view of an embodiment of the disclosure.
FIG. 2 shows a flowchart diagram of an embodiment of the disclosure.
FIG. 3 illustrates a schematic block diagram of an embodiment of the disclosure coupled to a host computer system.
FIG. 4 shows a flowchart diagram of an embodiment of the disclosure.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The present disclosure includes a flash memory card interfacing system for connecting in a selected operating mode a flash memory card to a host computer system. The flash memory card interfacing system represents a low cost user friendly adaptation for coupling and configuring flash memory cards as peripheral devices to host computer systems while simplifying the end user's involvement in this coupling and configuration process. In addition to simplifying the connection of flash memory cards to host computer systems, the flash memory card interfacing system's features include: significantly expanded operating mode detection capability within the flash memory card and marked reduction in the incorrect detection of operating modes. The flash memory card interfacing system has an interface device and a flash memory card. The flash memory card has a fifty pin connecting terminal for coupling to the computer system through the interface device. In addition, the flash memory card comprises: a flash memory module, a controller, an encoding circuitry, and a sensing circuitry.
The flash memory card is functionally ready to conduct data storage operations for the host computer system within a short period of being coupled to the computer system through the interface device. Attaining this quick operational readiness is achieved by having the flash memory card execute, immediately after initial communication with the interface device, a sequential procedure for identifying the selected operating mode of the interface device. After identifying the selected operating mode, the flash memory card automatically configures itself to the selected operating mode without receiving configuration data from an external source. Interface devices employing operating modes such as the universal serial bus mode, the PCMCIA mode, and the ATA IDE mode can functionally operate with the flash memory card. In addition, interface devices utilizing other protocols for attaching and accessing peripheral devices can also functionally operate with the flash memory card without much difficulty.
The expanded operating mode detection capability of the flash memory card, once coupled in a selected operating mode to the host computer system through the interface device, is accomplished by dedicating a plurality of signals originating from the host computer system to an encoding procedure formulated to identify an increased number of operating modes. By encoding the plurality of signals with a predetermined code and then sensing the applied predetermined code, the flash memory card can identify the selected operating mode by observing changes between the predetermined code applied to the plurality of signals and the code actually sensed from the plurality of signals. Since each operating mode is assigned a unique code, discrepancy between the predetermined code and the sensed code indicates the selected operating mode differs from the operating mode assigned to the predetermined code applied to the plurality of signals. The flash memory card applies a different predetermined code until the selected operating code is identified.
The flash memory card interfacing system of the present disclosure simplifies from the end user's perspective the process of coupling and configuring in a selected operating mode a flash memory card to a host computer system as a peripheral device. This process of coupling and configuring the flash memory card is reduced to steps easily understandable to both the novice end user and the technically proficient end user. Initially, a first end of an interface device is coupled to the host computer system, while the flash memory card is coupled to a second end of the interface device. The flash memory card is then powered by the host computer system or a different power source. Finally, the flash memory card automatically detects the selected operating mode of the interface device and configures itself to function in the selected operating mode. The identification of the selected operating mode involves sequentially processing signals originating from the host computer system until the selected operating mode is identified. From the end user's perspective, the configuration of the flash memory card proceeds without the end user sending configuration instructions to the flash memory card or manipulating computer hardware settings.
A schematic block diagram of an embodiment of the disclosure coupled to a host computer system is illustrated in FIG. 3. This flash memory card interfacing system 300 includes an interface device 310 and a flash memory card 320.
For one embodiment, the interface device 310 includes a first end 314 and a second end 315. The first end 314 is configured for coupling to the host computer system 330. The second end 315 is configured for coupling to the flash memory card 320. In addition, for more efficient communication between the flash memory card 320 and the host computer system 330, the second end 315 is configured to support a fifty pin connection. The first end 314 and the second end 315 support communication in a selected operating mode which is also supported by the host computer system's peripheral port 335. Each selected operating mode is associated with a unique protocol for coupling and accessing peripheral devices. The interface device 310 can be implemented in a variety of protocols that are known to those skilled in the art. The protocols: universal serial bus, PCMCIA, and ATA IDE, are only a few examples of the available protocols for attaching and accessing peripheral devices to the host computer system 330. To maximize the low cost user-friendliness feature of the flash memory card interfacing system 300, the interface device 310 of one embodiment employs the universal serial bus protocol. The universal serial bus protocol provides a fast bi-directional isochronous transfer of data between external peripheral devices and the host computer system 330 at very low cost.
In practice, the interface device 310 of one embodiment couples to the host computer system 330 via the first end 314, while the second end 315 is coupled to the flash memory card 320. Eliminating and/or combining certain elements shown in the interface device 310 would be apparent to a person skilled in the art and would not depart from the scope of the present disclosure.
The flash memory card of one embodiment includes a flash memory module 326, a controller 327, an encoding circuitry 328, and a sensing circuitry 329. The flash memory module 326 is capable of executing a write operation, a read operation, and an erase operation. The controller 327 is electrically coupled to the flash memory module 326. In addition, the controller 327 configures the flash memory card 320 to the selected operating mode of the interface device 310. The encoding circuitry 328 and the sensing circuitry 329 are electrically coupled to the controller 327. Both the encoding circuitry 328 and the sensing circuitry 329 perform the task of identifying the selected operating mode of the interface device 310. This identification circuitry can be physically formed on the flash memory card 320 or in an adapter module coupled between the flash memory card 320 and the second end 315 of the interface device 310.
The flash memory card 320 of one embodiment includes a fifty pin connector end 325 as illustrated in FIG. 3. The fifty pins serve as input/output and control terminals for the flash memory card 320 and carry signals. However, the extent that a pin is utilized in communicating with the host computer system 330 depends on the selected operating mode to which the flash memory card 320 is configured. For example, in the ATA IDE operating mode, the pin terminals labeled HA0, HA1 and HA2 are actively transmitting signals from the host computer system 320, but the pin terminals labeled HA3, HA4, HA5, HA6, HA7, HA8, HA9, and HA10 are inactive. For identifying the selected operating mode, the flash memory card 320 implements a sequential procedure that utilizes the signals at inactive pins for detection of the selected operating mode. This sequential procedure allows the flash memory card 320 to accurately detect a large variety of operating modes and gives the flash memory card 320 the versatility to detect operating modes yet to be developed.
FIG. 4 illustrates a flowchart diagram which represents a sample sequence of steps the controller 327 of the flash memory card 320 executes in determining the selected operating mode of the interface device 310. The operating mode detection sequence begins with the flash memory card 320 being coupled to the interface device 310, which is coupled to the host computer system 330, then proceeding to the BLOCK 400 routine of powering up the flash memory card 320. After the power up sequence in BLOCK 400, the signal at the HOE_pin terminal of the flash memory card 320 is sensed in BLOCK 410. The signal at the HOE_pin terminal originates from the host computer system 330. If the signal at the HOE_pin terminal is a logic HIGH, then proceeding to BLOCK 420 the controller 327 configures the flash memory card 320 into the PCMCIA mode. However, if the signal at the HOE_pin terminal is a logic LOW, then proceeding to BLOCK 430 preencoded signals at pin terminals labeled HA3, HA4, HA5, HA6, HA7, HA8, HA9, and HA10 are encoded with a predetermined code which uniquely identifies an operating mode. The preencoded signals are encoded on the flash memory card 320. This encoding process transforms the preencoded signals into encoded signals. Continuing to BLOCK 440, the encoded signals are sensed. If the encoded signals retain the predetermined code, proceeding to BLOCK 450 the controller 327 configures the flash memory card 320 to the operating mode corresponding to the predetermined code. However, if the encoded signals do not retain the predetermined code, then the operating mode detection sequence proceeds to BLOCK 460 where the controller 327 configures the flash memory card 320 into the ATA IDE mode.
These specifically named operating modes are merely exemplary. The flash memory card 320 can be configured to automatically detect and operate in additional operating modes.
To facilitate the detection of the selected operating mode, the controller 327 of one embodiment configures the flash memory card 320 into a preliminary operating mode before proceeding to the encoding sequence of BLOCK 430. For one embodiment, the preliminary operating mode is the ATA IDE mode. Configuring the flash memory card 320 into the preliminary operating mode assists the encoding process, but does not affect the operating mode detection procedure.
The predetermined code that uniquely identifies an operating mode is chosen such that to minimize the detection of an incorrect operating mode. Each predetermined code is different from every other predetermined code. The length of the predetermined code may correspond to the number of signals that are scheduled for encoding. The controller 327 of the flash memory card 320 may be programmed with the finite set of predetermined codes. Alternatively, the finite set of predetermined codes can be programmed in an adapter module coupled between the flash memory card 320 and the second end 315 of the interface device 310.
Although the example embodiment employs signals at pin terminals labeled HA3, HA4, HA5, JHA6, HA7, HA8, HA9, and HA10 of the ATA IDE operating mode for encoding purposes, employing different signals at different pin terminals of a variety of other operating modes would not depart from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. Additionally, reducing or enlarging the number of signals utilized for detecting the operating mode would not depart from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.
Embodiments of the present disclosure have been described in terms of specific embodiments incorporating details to facilitate the understanding of the principles of their construction and operation. Such reference herein to specific embodiments and details thereof is not intended to limit the scope of the claims appended hereto. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made in the embodiments chosen for illustration, and this application is intended to cover any adaptations or variations of the disclosure.
Specifically, it will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that the device of the present disclosure could be implemented in several different ways and the apparatus disclosed above is only illustrative of an embodiment of the disclosure and is in no way a limitation. For instance, the flash memory card interfacing system could be implemented with a variety of peripheral devices other than the flash memory card.

## Claims

1. A memory device, comprising:
a memory module;
an interface;
identification circuitry configured to identify a selected operating mode from a plurality of signals sensed at the interface in response to a plurality of signals previously applied to the interface; and
a controller coupled to the memory module and the identification circuitry, wherein the controller is operable to configure the memory device to the selected operating mode responsive to the identification circuitry.

2. The memory device of claim 1, wherein the memory module is a flash memory module.

3. The memory device of claim 1, wherein the controller is a flash memory controller.

4. The memory device of claim 1, wherein the identification circuitry comprises encoding circuitry and sensing circuitry.

5. The memory device of claim 1, wherein the memory device comprises a flash memory card.

6. The memory device of claim 5, wherein the identification circuitry is physically formed on the flash memory card.

7. The memory device of claim 1, wherein the identification circuitry is configured to receive a signal originating from a host coupled to the interface that identifies the selected operating mode.

8. The memory device of claim 7, wherein the signal comprises an unencoded signal.

9. The memory device of claim 1, wherein the controller is operable to configure the memory device to a preliminary operating mode before the identification circuitry identifies the selected operating mode.

10. The memory device of claim 1, wherein the interface comprises a connector having a plurality of terminals.

11. A memory device, comprising:
a memory module;
an interface comprising a plurality of terminals for communication with a host coupled to the memory device;
identification circuitry configured to generate and to decode one or more defined sets of signals where each set of signals corresponds to a particular operating mode; and
a controller coupled to the memory module and the interface wherein the controller is operable to apply a generated set of signals to the plurality of terminals of the interface, and to configure the memory device to a particular operating mode in response to a decoded set of signals sensed at the interface after the generated set of signals are applied.

12. A memory device, comprising:
a memory module;
a first interface device comprising a plurality of terminals;
identification circuitry wherein the identification circuitry is configured to generate a first set of signals to be applied to the first interface device and to sense a second set of signals at the first interface device after the application of the first set of signals; and
a controller wherein the controller is operable to configure the memory device to a particular operating mode when the second set of signals match the first set of signals.

13. The memory device of claim 12, wherein the identification circuitry comprises encoding circuitry and sensing circuitry.

14. The memory device of claim 12, wherein the first set of signals corresponds to a particular predetermined code of a plurality of predetermined codes, each predetermined code corresponding to a particular operating mode of the memory device.

15. The memory device of claim 12, wherein the memory device comprises a flash memory card and an adapter module configured to be coupled between the flash memory card and a second interface device, and where the identification circuitry is physically formed in the adapter module.

16. The memory device of claim 15, wherein the particular operating mode is a particular operating mode of the second interface device configured to couple the memory device to a port of a host.

17. The memory device of claim 12, wherein the first interface device comprises a plurality of input/output terminals.

18. The memory device of claim 12, wherein the first interface device comprises a connector.

19. The memory device of claim 12, wherein the identification circuitry is further configured to receive preencoded signals, encode the preencoded signals with the first set of signals to transform the preencoded signals to encoded signals, and sense the encoded signals as the second set of signals.

20. The memory device of claim 19, wherein the controller is operable to configure the memory device to a preliminary operating mode before the identification circuitry encodes the preencoded signals.

21. A memory device, comprising:
a memory module;
an interface comprising a plurality of terminals;
identification circuitry comprising encoding circuitry and sensing circuitry wherein the encoding circuitry is configured to generate a first set of signals to be applied to the interface and where the sensing circuitry is configured to decode a second set of signals at the interface after the application of the first set of signals; and
a controller wherein the controller is operable to configure the memory device to a particular operating mode when the first set of signals and the second set of signals are the same.

22. The memory device of claim 21, wherein the first set of signals corresponds to one of a set of predetermined codes where each predetermined code corresponds to a particular operating mode of the memory device.

23. The memory device of claim 21, wherein the identification circuitry is further configured to apply and to sense a set of signals from less than all of the plurality of terminals of the interface.