# Patent

## Title
Flash memory module

## Abstract

An embedded processor system including a flash process semiconductor die and a digital process semiconductor die. The flash process semiconductor die includes i) first cache memory configured to cache information associated with an embedded processor, and ii) a first cache controller configured to control the first cache memory. The digital process semiconductor die includes i) a translator configured to translate the information between the flash process semiconductor die and the digital process semiconductor die, and ii) the embedded processor. The embedded processor is configured to process the information.

## Background
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/330,939, filed Dec. 9, 2008, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/070,622 (now U.S. Pat. No. 7,483,284), filed Mar. 2, 2005, which is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/348,091 (now U.S. Pat. No. 6,972,977), filed Jan. 21, 2003, which incorporates by reference the entire contents of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/205,795, filed May 17, 2000, and the entire contents of U.S. Pat. No. 6,859,399, issued Feb. 22, 2005. The disclosures of the above applications are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.


TECHNICAL FIELD
An aspect of this invention relates to non-volatile semiconductor memory devices.
BACKGROUND
Many electronic devices include embedded systems having central processor units (CPUs) to control the operation of the device providing greatly enhanced functionality and operational flexibility. Typically, non-volatile memory is included as a portion of the embedded system to store operating system program code and data for operating the embedded system. Recently, embedded systems have begun to use flash memory for the non-volatile memory. Flash memory may advantageously be reprogrammed while also providing non-volatile storage of information.
FIG. 1 shows a one chip type of conventional embedded system 10 that employs flash memory. The embedded system 10 includes an embedded CPU 12 with system logic 14 and static RAM (SRAM) 16 for caching operations. Flash memory 18 provides non-volatile storage for information such as program code and data. A Flash process is used to fabricate the embedded system 10 on a single semiconductor die so that a block of Flash memory may be formed directly on the same semiconductor die. The one chip type of conventional embedded system advantageously does not require interface circuits between the Flash memory 18 and the CPU 12. However, using a Flash process for the entire embedded system 10 increases the cost of the system, decreases the speed performance, and increases the power consumption.
FIG. 2 shows a two chip type of conventional embedded system 20 that uses Flash memory. The embedded system 20 is fabricated using a digital process semiconductor die 22 and a Flash process semiconductor die 24. The digital process semiconductor die 22 may include an embedded CPU 26, system logic 28, SRAM 30, cache 32, and a cache controller 34. The Flash process semiconductor die 24 includes Flash memory 36 for providing non-volatile storage of information. The Flash memory may be connected to the digital process semiconductor die 22 through a standard interface 38 such as a serial interface or a parallel interface. The two chip type of conventional embedded system 20 may cost less and use less power than the one chip type due to using the lower cost digital process for a portion of the system. The speed performance of the two chip system may be increased by using the digital process for the embedded CPU 26, but decreased due to the standard interface 38 that connects the two semiconductor dies 22 and 24.
SUMMARY
A device fabricated on a flash process semiconductor die. The device including main memory to store processor information. A cache memory to cache a portion of the processor information. A cache controller to control the cache memory. A device interface to communicate the processor information to another semiconductor die. Control logic to control the device interface.
The details of one or more embodiments of the invention are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features, objects, and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the description and drawings, and from the claims.



DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a conventional embedded system.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of another conventional embedded system.
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an aspect of a flash memory module.
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of an aspect of a hybrid interface.
FIGS. 5-8 are graphical illustrations of waveforms associated with an aspect of a hybrid interface.
FIG. 9 is a block diagram of an aspect of an embedded processor system in accordance with the principles of the invention.
FIGS. 10A and 10B are two-dimensional views of aspects of packaging configurations for an aspect of an embedded system.
FIG. 11 is a flow diagram of an aspect of a flash memory module.



Like reference symbols in the various drawings indicate like elements.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
FIG. 3 shows an aspect of a flash memory module 50 for providing non-volatile storage of information. The flash memory module 50 is constructed using a flash process and may be implemented in a single semiconductor die. Each of the components within the flash memory module 50 is formed using a flash process. The flash memory module 50 is most suitable for providing non-volatile storage for an embedded processor system. Cache memory 52 and a cache controller 54 may be included in the flash memory module 50 to provide temporary storage of information such as pages of program code and program data to enhance processing speed. One or more pages of information may be stored in the cache memory 52. In one instance, one page may store a portion of program code, another page may store interrupt information, and a third page may store a portion of program data. Any type of cache configuration may be used such as predictive and prefetch including all forms of set associative caching. The cache may be automatically selectable as well as programmable.
Main memory 56 provides non-volatile storage for the program code and data for operating a processor such as in an embedded system. The main memory 56 may arranged in any form of architecture including a page architecture and a heap architecture. In one example, the main memory 56 may include 3 MBits arranged in 32 KByte pages with a cache memory 52 of 64 Bytes.
Control logic 58 may include the cache controller 54 and control accesses to the main memory 56. The control logic 58 is formed using a flash process.
An error correction module 60 may detect and correct errors in the information flowing between the flash memory module and the embedded processor. Any error correction scheme may be used including cyclic redundancy check (CRC), parity, and forward error correction (FEC).
The flash memory module 50 may include one or more interfaces (I/F) 62 to communicate information between the flash memory module 50 and external components such as an embedded processor. The interface 62 may include a serial interface, a hybrid interface, a parallel interface, and combinations of these interfaces. In one aspect, the flash memory module 50 may include a hybrid interface in combination with a serial interface. An aspect of the hybrid interface is described in U.S. provisional application 60/205,795 filed May 17, 2000, and U.S. non-provisional application Ser. No. 09/620,545 filed Jul. 20, 2000, which are each incorporated by reference in their entirety.
FIG. 4 shows an aspect of a hybrid I/F 70 in accordance with the principles of the invention. The hybrid I/F 70 includes a hybrid bus 72 for communicating address and data information. The hybrid bus 72 includes one set of lines that are used to communicate both address and data information. Control logic 74 may generate a multiplex signal 76 to indicate whether address or data information is communicated over the hybrid bus 72. Using a single set of lines to transfer address and data information may reduce the quantity of lines used to transfer information by a factor of two or more in comparison to a parallel I/F while retaining most of the speed advantage of a parallel I/F over a serial I/F. In one aspect, the hybrid bus 72 may include 8 lines which may be used to alternately transfer 8 bits of address and 8 bits of data.
A burst signal 78 may control a burst mode in which multiple bytes of data may be transferred sequentially over the hybrid bus 72. The burst signal 78 may comprise one or more digital signals to indicate multiple burst levels. In one aspect, a single line may be used to indicate two burst levels including a low burst level such as 4 Bytes and a high burst level such as 8 Bytes.
A sync signal, P_SYNC_N, 80, may in combination with higher order bits of the hybrid bus 72 control the transmission of READ or instructions over the hybrid bus 72.
A clock reference signal, REF_CLK, and clock output signal, P_CLK_OUT, 82 may be generated from an I/F clock 84. The clock output signal 82 may be used to send READ data on the hybrid bus 72.
FIGS. 5-8 show waveforms associated with aspects of the hybrid I/F 70. In FIGS. 5-9, the address/data lines of the hybrid bus 72 are represented as EAD(9:0). FIG. 5 shows a READ operation without error correction and with a 4 Byte burst. FIG. 6 shows a READ operation with error correction and with an 8 Byte burst. FIG. 7 shows a cached READ operation with error correction and a 4 Byte burst. FIG. 8 shows a continuous READ operation by the P_SYNC_N signal without error correction and with a 4 Byte burst.
Although FIGS. 5, 6, and 8 each show access time as a fixed duration being illustrated as 5T, 9T, and 5T in FIGS. 5, 6 and 8 respectively, the access time may also be varied such as by selecting or programming the access time as a function of the access time of the Flash memory and the frequency of the REF_CLK. For example, the duration may be selected to be 5T REF_CLK for a flash memory access time of 30-40 nsec with a REF_CLK frequency of about 100 MHz and be changed to be 3T REF_CLK for a flash memory access time of 30-40 nsec with a REF_CLK frequency of about 60 MHz.
FIG. 9 shows an embedded processor system 100 for controlling an electronic device. The embedded processor system 100 includes a flash memory module 102 fabricated using a Flash process, and a system on a chip (SOC) 104 fabricated using a digital process. The flash memory module 102 is similar in operation and composition to flash memory module 70. The embedded processor system 100 may advantageously cost less, have faster performance, and consume less than power than conventional embedded processor systems due to the unique arrangement of functions between the flash memory module 102 and the SOC 104.
The SOC 104 may include an embedded CPU 106, SRAM 108, system logic 110, cache memory 112, and a cache controller 114 for processing program code and data. The embedded processor system 100 may include any type of SOC fabricated with a digital process and having an embedded CPU. The program code and data associated with the embedded CPU 106 are stored in the flash memory module 102 and communicated to the SOC 104 through an interface (I/F) 116. The flash memory module 102 provides non-volatile storage for the program code and data. A translator 118 may translate the information flowing between the interface 116 and the internal bus structure of the SOC 104. Generally, control signals flow from the SOC 104 to the flash memory module 102; while during READ operations, instructions and data flow from the flash memory module 102 to the SOC 104. However, instructions and data may also flow towards the flash memory module 102 such as when the main memory in the flash memory module is being rewritten.
FIGS. 10A and 10B show two exemplary types of assembled embedded processor systems in accordance with the teachings of this specification. The scope of the invention is not limited in any manner by the means with which a flash memory module is mechanically connected to a SOC.
FIG. 10A shows a stackable embedded processor system 130. A flash memory module 132 is stacked on a SOC 134 and electrically connected with bond wires 136.
FIG. 10B shows a multi-chip module embedded processor system 150. A flash memory module 152 may be electrically connected to a SOC 154 through a substrate 156 on which the flash memory module 152 and the SOC 154 are flip chip mounted.
FIG. 11 shows a flow diagram of an operation for processing information in an embedded system. Starting at block 200, program code and data associated with an embedded CPU are stored in main memory on a flash process semiconductor die. Continuing to block 202, error correction techniques may be applied to program code and data that is communicated. At block 204, portions of the program code and data may be cached on the flash process semiconductor die. Continuing to block 206, program code and data may be communicated through a hybrid interface with the embedded CPU. At block 208, on a digital process semiconductor die, translate the communicated program code and data between the hybrid I/F and the internal bus of the embedded CPU. Continuing to block 210, operate an embedded CPU as a function of the program code and data.
A number of embodiments of the invention have been described. Nevertheless, it will be understood that various modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, other embodiments are within the scope of the following claims.

## Claims

1. An embedded processor system, comprising:
a flash process semiconductor die, including:
a first cache memory configured to cache information associated with an embedded processor; and
a first cache controller configured to control the first cache memory; and

a digital process semiconductor die, including:
a translator configured to translate the information between the flash process semiconductor die and the digital process semiconductor die; and
the embedded processor, wherein the embedded processor is configured to process the information.

2. The embedded processor system of claim 1, wherein the translator is configured to translate the information between the flash process semiconductor die and an internal bus of the digital process semiconductor die.

3. The embedded processor system of claim 1, wherein the flash process semiconductor die includes main memory configured to store the information.

4. The embedded processor system of claim 1, wherein the information includes at least one of program code, interrupt routines, and data.

5. The embedded processor system of claim 1, wherein the digital process semiconductor die includes:
second cache memory configured to cache the information; and
a second cache controller configured to control the second cache memory.

6. The embedded processor system of claim 1, wherein the flash process semiconductor die includes an error correction module configured to detect and correct errors in the information.

7. The embedded processor system of claim 1, wherein the flash process semiconductor die includes an interface configured to communicate the information from the flash process semiconductor die to the digital process semiconductor die.

8. The embedded processor system of claim 7, wherein the interface is a hybrid interface.

9. The embedded processor of claim 1, wherein the flash process semiconductor die is i) stacked on the digital process semiconductor die, and ii) electrically connected to the digital process semiconductor die using bond wires.

10. The embedded processor of claim 1, wherein the flash process semiconductor die and the digital process semiconductor die are mounted on a substrate, and the flash process semiconductor die is electrically connected to the digital process semiconductor die through the substrate.

11. A method of operating an embedded processor system, the method comprising:
on a flash process semiconductor die:
caching information associated with an embedded processor using first cache memory; and
controlling the first cache memory using a first cache controller; and on a digital process semiconductor die:
translating the information between the flash process semiconductor die and the digital process semiconductor die; and
processing the information using the embedded processor.

12. The method of claim 11, further comprising translating the information between the flash process semiconductor die and an internal bus of the digital process semiconductor die.

13. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
on the flash process semiconductor die, storing the information in main memory.

14. The method of claim 11, wherein the information includes at least one of program code, interrupt routines, and data.

15. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
on the digital process semiconductor die:
caching the information using second cache memory; and
controlling the second cache memory using a second cache controller.

16. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
on the flash process semiconductor die, detecting and correcting errors in the information.