2009 Decisions

Opinions of the United

States Court of Appeals

for the Third Circuit

4-20-2009

Mouhamadou Fall v. Atty Gen USA

Precedential or Non-Precedential: Non-Precedential

Docket No. 08-4292

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NOT PRECEDENTIAL

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT

___________

No. 08-4292

___________

MOUHAMADOU MOUSTAPHA FALL,

Petitioner

v.

ATTORNEY GENERAL OF THE UNITED STATES

____________________________________

On Petition for Review of an Order of the

Board of Immigration Appeals

(Agency No. A073-536-067)

Immigration Judge: Honorable Andrew R. Arthur

____________________________________

Submitted Pursuant to Third Circuit LAR 34.1(a)

April 17, 2009

Before: RENDELL, FUENTES AND ALDISERT, Circuit Judges

(Opinion filed: April 20, 2009 )

___________

OPINION

___________

PER CURIAM

Mouhamadou Moustapha Fall petitions for review of the BIA’s decision denying

his applications for suspension of deportation, asylum, withholding of removal and relief
 The record indicates that Fall falsely stated that his place of birth was Jackson, 1

Mississippi. (A.R. 568.)

2

under the Convention Against Torture (“CAT”). For the following reasons, we will deny

the petition for review. 

Fall, a native and citizen of Senegal, was born in Dakar. He entered the United

States on January 17, 1993, on an F-1 student visa, which authorized him to attend the

University of Nevada in Reno, Nevada. Fall never attended that university. Fall filed an

initial application for asylum on October 30, 1994, with the help of a friend. On July 25,

1995, the government issued an Order to Show Cause (“OSC”) and Notice of Hearing

charging Fall as being a nonimmigrant who failed to maintain or comply with the

conditions of the nonimmigrant status under which he was admitted under INA §

241(a)(1)(C)(i) (1995). Fall never received the OSC, and the case was administratively

closed. He was not ordered removed in absentia. 

On March 30, 2007, Fall was convicted of making false statements in an

application for a passport and was sentenced to time served. (A.R. 573.) Fall states that 1

he received a re-issued OSC on July 17, 2007, while in ICE custody. Fall conceded

removability and applied for suspension from deportation, asylum, withholding and

protection under CAT. 

At his merits hearing, Fall testified that he is of Jola ethnicity. In the 1980s, he

attended a university in Senegal to study medicine. Students often went on strike to
3

protest the low stipends and overall inadequate conditions. Fall testified that he was

arrested three times during student demonstrations in 1985, 1988, and 1990. 

On the first occasion, Fall was arrested along with other students, held in a prison

for a week, and questioned. On the second occasion, he was again arrested and detained

for about a week in filthy conditions. The Criminal Investigations Division (DIC),

charged with investigating student strike leaders, questioned Fall about his ethnic

background and whether he belonged to the MFDC, a Casamance separatist group led by

Jolas. Fall told them that if all Jolas were deemed supportive of MFDC, then he was, too. 

On the third occasion, Fall was again arrested along with ten to twenty other students

engaged in a strike. He was jailed for two weeks and occasionally blindfolded and beaten

with a rubber club. His captors questioned him about his motives for striking, but Fall

refused to answer.

In 1988, Fall was expelled from his medical studies, after which he completed a

degree in English literature. Fall testified that two of his sisters applied for asylum in

Italy, but his mother remains in Dakar. He testified that his mother has not experienced

any problems since his last arrest in 1990. His father passed away in 1994.

Fall stated that he fears that the Senegalese government will punish him for his

past involvement in the student movement and his affiliation with the MFDC separatist

group. He also fears “splinter groups” within the MFDC that may target him due to his

western education and his desire not to participate in their activism. 
4

The IJ denied all relief. The IJ determined that Fall was ineligible for suspension

of deportation because his conviction for making a false statement in a passport

application was a crime involving moral turpitude. The IJ also determined that Fall had

not testified credibly in support of his asylum, withholding and CAT application, but that

even if he had, Fall had failed to meet his burden of proof of past persecution. The IJ

concluded that Fall had similarly failed to demonstrate a well-founded fear of future

persecution, because his mother remained in Senegal unharmed, and splinter groups

within the MFDC were no longer at odds. 

The BIA rejected his due process arguments and his challenge to the IJ’s denial of

suspension of deportation. The BIA also adopted and affirmed the IJ’s decision with

respect to asylum, withholding and CAT relief and dismissed his appeal. Fall petitioned

for review. 

We have jurisdiction to review a final order of removal of the BIA under 8 U.S.C.

§ 1252(a)(1). Abdulai v. Ashcroft, 239 F.3d 542, 547 (3d Cir. 2001). “[W]e review the

IJ’s opinion to the extent the BIA relied upon it.” Lin v. Att’y Gen., 543 F.3d 114, 119

(3d Cir. 2008). We review the BIA’s and IJ’s factual findings for substantial evidence. 

Briseno-Flores v. Att’y Gen., 492 F.3d 226, 228 (3d Cir. 2007). On appeal, Fall raises

three principal arguments: (1) the government improperly re-issued a 1995 OSC in 2007,

in violation of due process; (2) he is entitled to suspension of deportation because the IJ

implicitly determined that he was of good moral character; and (3) the BIA erroneously
5

denied his applications for asylum, withholding and CAT relief. 

Fall’s due process claim lacks merit. To prevail on a due process claim, a

petitioner must show “substantial prejudice.” Jarbough v. Att’y Gen., 483 F.3d 184, 191

(3d Cir. 2007). The initial charging document contained one charge: violation of the

conditions of non-immigrant status under INA § 241(a)(1)(C)(i) (1995). Although Fall

never received the initial charging document at the time it was issued, no action was taken

at that time, and his case was administratively closed. The government re-issued the OSC

in July 2007, at which time it again charged Fall with noncompliance with the terms of

his non-immigrant visa. Although Fall argues that this delayed re-issuance was improper,

he does not contest that he had failed to comply with the terms of his non-immigrant visa

nor does he suggest that the fact of his noncompliance had changed in the intervening

years. The BIA declined to address Fall’s concerns regarding the charging document on

the basis that the government has prosecutorial discretion, not reviewable by the IJ or the

BIA, to issue an OSC. We conclude that the government has the authority to pursue

removal on grounds previously charged, even though the proceedings against the

petitioner had been administratively closed. See Arca-Pineda v. Att’y Gen., 527 F.3d

101, 104-05 (3d Cir. 2008) (administrative closure does not terminate immigration

proceedings, but merely removes the case from the immigration judge’s calendar). As

Fall was neither ordered removed in absentia, nor suffered any prejudice as a result of the

delay, he has failed to raise a meritorious due process claim. 
 Fall contends that the IJ implicitly determined that he was of good moral character 2

because he offered him voluntary departure, a requirement of which is that the petitioner

be of good moral character. However, the transcripts reveal that the IJ did not actually

consider petitioner’s moral character in determining his eligibility for voluntary departure. 

The IJ, however, did explicitly consider moral character when evaluating petitioner’s

claim for cancellation of removal and determined that petitioner’s conviction tainted his

character. Therefore, we find no contradiction between the IJ’s grant of voluntary

departure and his finding that Fall was ineligible for cancellation of removal. 

6

We similarly conclude that Fall’s claim for suspension of deportation must fail. 

The BIA determined that Fall was ineligible for “suspension of deportation,” a form of

relief that was repealed by the passage of IIRIRA and that was replaced by cancellation of

removal under INA § 240A, effective April 1, 1997. See Hernandez v. Gonzales, 437

F.3d 341, 345 (3d Cir. 2006) (comparing suspension of deportation and cancellation of

removal). Suspension of deportation required, in part, that the alien demonstrate that he

has been of good moral character during a requisite period of continuous stay in the

United States. Hernandez, 437 F.3d at 345. The BIA determined that Fall had not

satisfied this requirement because he had been convicted of making a false statement in a

passport application, in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 1542, and that this was a crime involving

moral turpitude. Matter of Correa-Garces, 20 I. & N. Dec. 451, 454 (BIA 1992); see also

Rodriguez v. Gonzales, 451 F.3d 60, 61 (2d Cir. 2006) (holding that 18 U.S.C. § 1542 is a

crime involving moral turpitude). As this Court lacks jurisdiction over an IJ’s

discretionary determination regarding moral character, we will dismiss Fall’s petition as

to the BIA’s ruling on suspension of deportation. 8 U.S.C. § 1252(a)(2)(B)(i); see 2
7

Mendez-Moranchel v. Ashcroft, 338 F.3d 176, 178 (3d Cir. 2003). 

We also determine that substantial evidence supports the BIA’s decision to deny

Fall asylum, withholding of removal or relief under CAT. The BIA agreed with the IJ

that Fall lacked credibility because of inconsistencies between his 1994 asylum

application and his testimony at the hearing, but that even if Fall had testified credibly, he

had failed to meet his burden of proof. In particular, Fall did not testify that he suffered

any extreme harm that would constitute persecution. See Wong v. Att’y Gen., 539 F.3d

225, 232 (3d Cir. 2008)(discussing definition of persecution). He did not testify that he

suffered any serious injuries, nor that he ever sought medical help as a result of his

detentions. Accordingly, we may not disturb the BIA’s conclusion regarding past

persecution. 

We also agree with the IJ and BIA that Fall lacked a well-founded fear of future

persecution. Fall’s own testimony indicated that he had not experienced any trouble with

the Senagalese government during his last three years in the country (1990-1993), nor has

his mother, who remains in Dakar, experienced trouble in recent years. See Lie v.

Ashcroft, 396 F.3d 530, 537 (3d Cir. 2005) (“[W]hen family members remain in

petitioner’s native country without meeting harm, and there is no individualized showing

that petitioner would be singled out for persecution, the reasonableness of a petitioner’s

well-founded fear of future persecution is diminished.”). Although Fall states that his

sisters have received asylum in Italy, he does not state the bases of their claims nor
8

contend that the standards for asylum in Italy and the United States are comparable. In

light of his mother’s continued existence in Dakar, unharmed, as well as his ability to live

in Senegal for several years unharmed, we conclude that substantial evidence supports the

BIA’s decision regarding future persecution.

 Finally, we find no error in the BIA’s decision denying withholding of removal

and CAT relief. A denial of asylum necessarily requires that Fall’s claim for withholding

be rejected as well. Yu v. Att’y Gen., 513 F.3d 346, 349 (3d Cir. 2008). Similarly, the

record does not compel the conclusion that it is more likely than not that Fall will suffer

torture if he is not granted relief. Substantial evidence supports the BIA’s decision to

deny Fall’s CAT claim. Accordingly, to the extent that we have jurisdiction, we will deny

Fall’s petition for review.