11-5279-bk

In re Old CarCo LLC

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT

SUMMARY ORDER

RULINGS BY SUMMARY ORDER DO NOT HAVE PRECEDENTIAL EFFECT. CITATION TO A SUMMARY

ORDER FILED ON OR AFTER JANUARY 1, 2007 IS PERMITTED AND IS GOVERNED BY FEDERAL

RULE OF APPELLATE PROCEDURE 32.1 AND THIS COURT’S LOCAL RULE 32.1.1. WHEN

CITING A SUMMARY ORDER IN A DOCUMENT FILED WITH THIS COURT, A PARTY MUST CITE

EITHER THE FEDERAL APPENDIX OR AN ELECTRONIC DATABASE (WITH THE NOTATION

"SUMMARY ORDER"). A PARTY CITING A SUMMARY ORDER MUST SERVE A COPY OF IT ON ANY

PARTY NOT REPRESENTED BY COUNSEL.

At a stated term of the United States Court of Appeals

for the Second Circuit, held at the Thurgood Marshall United

States Courthouse, 40 Foley Square, in the City of New York, on

the 30th day of January, two thousand thirteen.

PRESENT: CHESTER J. STRAUB,

ROBERT D. SACK,

 DENNY CHIN,

Circuit Judges.

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IN RE: OLD CARCO LLC,

Debtor.

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LIQUIDATION TRUST, 

Appellant,

 -v.- 11-5279-bk

DAIMLER AG,

Appellee. 

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FOR APPELLANT: STEPHEN D. SUSMAN (Suyash Agrawal,

Susman Godfrey LLP, New York, New

York, Edgar Sargent, Susman Godfrey

LLP, Seattle, Washington, Sander L.

Esserman, Robert T. Brousseau,

Peter C. D'Apice, Stutzman,

Bromberg, Esserman & Plifka, P.C.,

Dallas, Texas, on the brief),

Susman Godfrey LLP, New York, New

York.
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FOR APPELLEE: ALAN S. GOUDISS (Jaculin Aaron,

Paula H. Anderson, Shearman &

Sterling, LLP, New York, New York,

Jonathan D. Schiller, Boies,

Schiller & Flexner LLP, New York,

New York, on the brief), Shearman &

Sterling, LLP, New York, New York.

Appeal from the United States District Court for the

Southern District of New York (Cote, J.).

UPON DUE CONSIDERATION, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED, ADJUDGED,

AND DECREED that the judgment of the district court is AFFIRMED. 

Appellant Liquidation Trust (the "Trust") appeals from

the district court's judgment entered pursuant to its opinion and

order filed November 22, 2011, affirming the bankruptcy court's

dismissal of the Trust's second amended complaint (the "SAC").

By opinion entered May 12, 2011, the bankruptcy court (Gonzalez,

C. Bankr. J.) granted appellee Daimler AG's motion to dismiss the

SAC, which had asserted claims of fraudulent conveyance and

unjust enrichment pursuant to §§ 544, 548, and 550 of the

Bankruptcy Code, and §§ 273-75 of the New York Debtor and

Creditor Law. The bankruptcy court entered a final order of

dismissal on May 17, 2011. We assume the parties' familiarity

with the underlying facts, the procedural history of the case,

and the issues on appeal.

Our review of a district court's decision on appeal

from a bankruptcy court decision is "independent and plenary." 

In re Ades & Berg Grp. Investors, 550 F.3d 240, 243 n.4 (2d Cir.

2008) (per curiam) (citation omitted). We review the bankruptcy
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court's factual findings for clear error and its legal

conclusions de novo. Id. (citation omitted). 

Under the Bankruptcy Code, "a transfer or obligation is

or is deemed to be a fraudulent conveyance -- and therefore

avoidable -- if the debtor received less than a reasonably

equivalent value in exchange for such a transfer or obligation." 

In re NextWave Pers. Commc'ns, Inc., 200 F.3d 43, 56 (2d Cir.

1999) (per curiam) (citation and internal quotation marks

omitted). "[T]he question of reasonably equivalent value is

determined by the value of the consideration exchanged between

the parties at the time of the conveyance or incurrence of debt

which is challenged." Id. (emphasis, internal quotation marks,

and citations omitted). In determining whether the value

received by one party is so disproportionately small as to

constitute a lack of fair consideration, the "court need not

strive for mathematical precision" but must "keep the equitable

purposes of the statute firmly in mind, recognizing that any

significant disparity between the value received and the

obligation assumed . . . will have significantly harmed the

innocent creditors of that [party]." Rubin v. Mfrs. Hanover

Trust Co., 661 F.2d 979, 994 (2d Cir. 1981) (discussing § 67(d)

of the Bankruptcy Act of 1898, predecessor to § 548 of the

Bankruptcy Code).

While the determination of whether reasonably

equivalent value was exchanged is ordinarily a factual matter,

Klein v. Tabatchnick, 610 F.2d 1043, 1047 (2d Cir. 1979), here,

substantially for the reasons set forth by the bankruptcy court
1

 Although the Trust contends that the consideration gap is

between $1.695 billion and $4.715 billion, it has waived any

argument that the consideration gap is as much as $4.715 billion. 

The SAC alleged that the consideration gap is $1.695 billion, and

the district court, relying on that allegation, repeatedly

referred to a consideration gap of $1.695 billion in its opinion

and order. See Dir. Gen. of India Supply Mission ex rel.

President of Union of India v. S.S. Maru, 459 F.2d 1370, 1377 (2d

Cir. 1972).

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and the district court in their thorough and carefully considered

opinions, we conclude as a matter of law that the Trust failed to

plausibly allege that the debtor (CarCo) received less than

reasonably equivalent value.1

 We add only the following: 

As both the bankruptcy court and district court

concluded, the SAC failed to sufficiently allege that CarCo

received less than reasonably equivalent value because the Trust

continued to apply implausible values to certain assets and to

omit other key assets.

First, the Trust alleged that Motors -- which Daimler

AG valued at $5.5 billion -- was worth only $450 million. We

agree with the district court that it is implausible that CarCo

would terminate a key sales and distribution agreement with

Motors six months after the transaction -- as the Trust alleged 

-- when CarCo owed an $11.6 billion debt to Motors. In reaching

this conclusion, we reject the Trust's contention that the courts

below improperly relied on matters outside of the pleadings, as

the lower courts were permitted to take judicial notice of the

$11.6 billion intercompany debt noted in the bankruptcy filings. 

See Staehr v. Hartford Fin. Servs. Grp., Inc., 547 F.3d 406, 425

(2d Cir. 2008) (courts may take judicial notice of court filings
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to establish that certain matters have been publicly asserted,

not for the truth of the matters asserted therein); see, e.g., In

re F.C.C., 208 F.3d 137, 138 (2d Cir. 2000) (per curiam). 

Second, the Trust's assertion that a $12 billion credit

facility had no value is implausible, as "[t]he ability to borrow

money has considerable value in the commercial world." Mellon

Bank, N.A. v. Metro Commc'ns, Inc., 945 F.2d 635, 647 (3d Cir.

1991). 

Finally, the Trust omitted certain other assets that

clearly had value: Daimler AG's cash repayment of a $920 million

debt, and its conveyance of the National Sales Companies, valued

at $47 million. 

We have considered all of the Trust's remaining

arguments and conclude they are without merit. Accordingly, we

AFFIRM the judgment of the district court. 

FOR THE COURT:

Catherine O'Hagan Wolfe, Clerk