# Patent

## Title
Self-adapting millimeter-wave network

## Abstract

System and methods to adapt a network of millimeter-wave communication nodes to a changing condition. The system detects a changing condition and concludes that the network needs to be adjusted. As a result, the system transitions, substantially instantaneously, between a current network topology to a new network topology, by instructing each of several millimeter-wave communication nodes to electronically steer the respective millimeter-wave beam away from current destination node and toward another destination node. The end result is that several of the beams change direction during a short period of time, thereby transitioning to the new network topology without impacting ongoing communication. In some embodiments, the transition between network topologies is done multiple times in a systematic fashion so as to generally find an optimal network topology and not as a response to a changing condition. In some embodiments, the transition between network topologies is a normal ongoing mode of operation.

## Background
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This Application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/317,566, filed Apr. 3, 2016, which is hereby incorporated by reference.


TECHNICAL FIELD
Some of the disclosed embodiments relate to communication systems and networking, and more specifically to millimeter-wave communication systems and wireless networking.
BACKGROUND
Millimeter-wave mesh and backhaul networks are types of wireless communication networks made up of millimeter-wave nodes arranged in a mesh or a tree topology. Each millimeter-wave node transmits a narrow millimeter-wave beam to the precise location of another millimeter-wave node, typically an adjacent node, for the purpose of propagating data at relatively high rates. Such millimeter-wave transmissions are easily disrupted by changing atmospheric conditions or other factors affecting the system, both static and dynamic. Some disruptions could require a substantial corrective action in order to keep the network operational.
SUMMARY
One embodiment is a system (FIG. 6A-H) operative to adapt a network of millimeter-wave communication nodes in response to a changing condition. The system includes: (i) a plurality of millimeter-wave communication nodes located respectively at a plurality of different location, and (ii) a plurality of millimeter-wave links, in which each of the millimeter-wave links communicatively connects specific two of the plurality of millimeter-wave communication nodes, thereby forming a communication network having a certain current network topology, in which each of the millimeter-wave links is formed by at least one of the millimeter-wave communication nodes electronically steering a millimeter-wave beam toward another of the millimeter-wave communication nodes. Further, the system is configured to: (i) detect a change in a condition associated with the communication network, in which said change requires a transition from the certain current network topology to a new network topology, (ii) select the new network topology, and (iii) perform said transition, by instructing each of at least two of the millimeter-wave communication nodes to: disengage the respective millimeter-wave link, electronically steer the respective millimeter-wave beam away from current bearing and toward one of the millimeter-wave communication nodes specifically identified, and engage a new millimeter-wave link therewith.
One embodiment is a method (FIG. 7) for adapting a network of millimeter-wave communication nodes. The method includes: (i) establishing, in conjunction with a plurality of millimeter-wave communication nodes located respectively at a plurality of different location, a plurality of millimeter-wave links, in which each of the millimeter-wave links communicatively connects specific two of the plurality of millimeter-wave communication nodes, thereby forming a communication network having a certain network topology, in which each of the millimeter-wave links is formed by at least one of the millimeter-wave communication nodes electronically steering a millimeter-wave beam toward another of the millimeter-wave communication nodes, (ii) performing, in conjunction with the communication network, a series of synchronous transitions between different network topologies comprising the certain network topology, in which each of the synchronous transitions comprises instructing at least some of the millimeter-wave communication nodes to disengage the respective millimeter-wave link and establish a new millimeter-wave link instead, (iii) measuring network performance of each of the different network topologies, and (iv) favoring specific network topologies, out of the different network topologies, based on the measurements, thereby adapting the communication network to better perform.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The embodiments are herein described by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings. No attempt is made to show structural details of the embodiments in more detail than is necessary for a fundamental understanding of the embodiments. In the drawings:
FIG. 1A illustrates one embodiment of an embedded millimeter-wave communication component, in which the embedded millimeter-wave communication component is mechanically fixed to another components and is therefore oriented in a certain direction that is not necessarily aligned with a target node;
FIG. 1B illustrates one embodiment of the embedded millimeter-wave communication component, in which the embedded millimeter-wave communication component compensates for said orientation by steering, electronically, a millimeter-wave beam toward the target node;
FIG. 1C illustrates one embodiment of the embedded millimeter-wave communication component, in which the embedded millimeter-wave communication component compensates, again, for said orientation by steering, again, the millimeter-wave beam, or another millimeter-wave beam, toward yet another target node;
FIG. 2A illustrates one embodiment of a millimeter-wave communication component to be embedded in another component, using a built-in connector;
FIG. 2B illustrates one embodiment of the millimeter-wave communication component, now embedded in the other component via the built-in connector;
FIG. 3 illustrates one embodiment of a method for communicatively connecting a mechanically fixed system to a millimeter-wave network;
FIG. 4A illustrates one embodiment of a system operative to facilitate simultaneous millimeter-wave transmissions, in which a plurality of millimeter-wave communication nodes are arranged in a mesh topology or a tree topology, thereby forming a wireless mesh network, a wireless backhaul, or any kind of a wireless network operative to propagate data along or among the plurality of millimeter-wave communication nodes;
FIG. 4B illustrates one embodiment of the system operative to facilitate simultaneous millimeter-wave transmissions, in which millimeter-wave beams are electronically steered from at least some of the millimeter-wave communication nodes toward adjacent millimeter-wave communication nodes, thereby facilitating creation of communication links;
FIG. 4C illustrates one embodiment of some millimeter-wave communication nodes arranged in a given spatial configuration, thereby forming certain angular positions between some of the millimeter-wave communication nodes relative to a reference millimeter-wave communication node;
FIG. 4D illustrates one embodiment of a first millimeter-wave communication node electronically steering a millimeter-wave beam toward a second millimeter-wave communication node, in which the millimeter-wave beam in narrow enough so as to miss a third millimeter-wave communication node;
FIG. 4E illustrated one embodiment of a millimeter-wave communication node having an antenna configuration with an antenna aperture;
FIG. 5 illustrates one embodiment of a method for facilitating simultaneous millimeter-wave transmissions;
FIG. 6A illustrates one embodiment of a network of millimeter-wave communication nodes currently arranged according to a first network topology;
FIG. 6B illustrates one embodiment of the first network topology;
FIG. 6C illustrates one embodiment of a second network topology;
FIG. 6D illustrates one embodiment of the network of millimeter-wave communication nodes now arranged according to the second network topology;
FIG. 6E illustrates one embodiment of a management component associated with the network of millimeter-wave communication nodes;
FIG. 6F illustrates one embodiment of the network of millimeter-wave communication nodes, in which a new millimeter-wave communication node has been added;
FIG. 6G illustrates one embodiment of a network topology corresponding to the network of millimeter-wave communication nodes now including the newly added millimeter-wave communication node;
FIG. 6H illustrates one embodiment of a millimeter-wave communication node; and
FIG. 7 illustrates one embodiment of a method for adapting a network of millimeter-wave communication nodes.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION
FIG. 1A illustrates one embodiment of a millimeter-wave communication component 9-mmv comprising an antenna configuration 9-ant, in which the millimeter-wave communication component is mechanically fixed to another components 9-cmp via a rigid mechanical element 8-mcn, and is therefore oriented, together with the antenna configuration 9-ant, in a certain direction that is not necessarily aligned with a target node 5-mmn-1, 5-mmn-2. A system 4-sys comprising the millimeter-wave communication component 9-mmv, is fixed to a rigid item 1-sp(e.g., a street pole) which is already fixed at a first spatial location 1-SL (in this example, the end of the street pole is fixed at a certain elevation above a certain point in the street), thereby causing the first antenna configuration 9-ant to be fixed at the certain spatial location 1-SL and in a certain orientation 9-DR-1 that are determined by the rigid item 1-sp and by the fixing of system 4-sys to the rigid item. A beam 9-BM-1 generated by the antenna configuration 9-ant in direction 9-DR-1, or in a direction associated with direction 9-DR-1, would not necessarily cover the target node 5-mmn-1 located at spatial location 2-SL, or the target node 5-mmn-2 located at spatial location 3-SL, thereby preventing system 4-sys from establishing a millimeter-wave communication link with any of the target nodes 5-mmn-1, 5-mmn-2.
FIG. 1B illustrates one embodiment of the millimeter-wave communication component 9-mmv, in which the millimeter-wave communication component compensates for said orientation 9-DR-1 (FIG. 1A) by steering, electronically, a millimeter-wave beam 9-BM-2 in direction of 9-DR-2 the target node 5-mmn-1. The system 4-sys then establishes, via the millimeter-wave beam 9-BM-2, a first communication link 9-lnk-1 with the target node 5-mmn-1, thereby forming a millimeter wave network 4-sys, 9-lnk-1, 5-mmn-1.
FIG. 1C illustrates one embodiment of the millimeter-wave communication component 9-mmv, in which the millimeter-wave communication component compensates, again, for said orientation 9-DR-1 (FIG. 1A) by steering, again, the millimeter-wave beam, or another millimeter-wave beam 9-BM-3, in direction of 9-DR-3 yet another target node 5-mmn-2. The system 4-sys then establishes, via the millimeter-wave beam 9-BM-3, a second communication link 9-lnk-2 with the target node 5-mmn-2, thereby forming a larger millimeter-wave network 4-sys, 9-lnk-1, 5-mmn-1, 9-lnk-2, 5-mmn-2.
FIG. 2A illustrates one embodiment of a millimeter-wave communication component 9-mmv comprising an antenna configuration 9-ant, to be embedded in or with another component, using a built-in connector 8-con operative to (i) mechanically fix the millimeter-wave communication component to the other component or to an enclosure of the other component, and (ii) electrically connect 8-el the millimeter-wave communication component with the other component. The millimeter-wave communication component 9-mmv comprising an antenna configuration 9-ant and the built-in connector 8-con together constitute a millimeter-wave sub-system 4-sub. 
FIG. 2B illustrates one embodiment of the millimeter-wave communication component 9-mmv, now embedded with the other component 9-cmp via the built-in connector 8-con in an enclosure 8-mcn of the other component 9-cmp, thereby constituting together a complete and rigid system 4-sys which is fixed at a first spatial location 1-SL to a rigid item 1-sp, in which the connector 8-con electrically connects 8-el the millimeter-wave communication component 9-mmv with the other component 9-cmp. 
One embodiment is a system 4-sys operative to facilitate an embedded millimeter-wave communication component. The system includes: (i) a first component 9-cmp operative to perform a certain function, in which the certain function is performed in conjunction with a first spatial location 1-SL, (ii) a millimeter-wave communication component 9-mmv configured to steer 9-DR-1, 9-DR-2 a millimeter-wave beam 9-BM-1, 9-BM-2, and (iii) a mechanical component 8-mcn operative to mechanically fix the first component 9-cmp and the millimeter-wave communication component 9-mmv together, thereby associating said millimeter-wave communication component with the first spatial location 1-SL. The millimeter-wave communication component 9-mmv is further configured to automatically steer (e.g., from direction 9-DR-1 to direction 9-DR-2) the millimeter-wave beam 9-BM-1, 9-BM-2 toward a first millimeter-wave node 5-mmn-1 located in a second spatial location 2-SL, thereby establishing a first communication link 9-lnk-1 between the first spatial location 1-SL and the second spatial location 2-SL, and thereby facilitating communication in conjunction with the certain function and the first spatial location.
In one embodiment, the first millimeter-wave node 5-mmn-1 comprises at least one of: (i) a network gateway, (ii) an access point belonging to a radio-access-network, (iii) a millimeter-wave enabled mobile device, and (iv) a communication element in a wired network.
In one embodiment, the first component 9-cmp is a backhaul communication component, the certain function is backhaul communication, the mechanical component 8-mcn is a mechanical enclosure, the first spatial location 1-SL is an elevated position in a street, the second spatial location 2-SL is another position in the street, the first millimeter-wave node 5-mmn-1 is a millimeter-wave enabled mobile device, and said communication is operative to facilitate data transport between the backhaul communication component and the millimeter-wave enabled mobile device.
In one embodiment, the first component 9-cmp is a street light, the certain function is outdoor illumination, the mechanical component 8-mcn is a street light enclosure, the first spatial location 1-SL is a certain position on a street pole 1-sp, and said communication is operative to facilitate control of the outdoor illumination via the second spatial location 2-SL.
In one embodiment, the first component 9-cmp is a traffic light or a traffic sign, the certain function is traffic control, the mechanical component 8-mcn is a rigid construction, the first spatial location 1-SL is a certain position on a street pole 1-sp which is a traffic pole, and said communication is operative to facilitate control of the traffic light or the traffic sign.
In one embodiment, said first communication link 9-lnk-1 is operative to facilitate broadband communication between the first spatial location 1-SL and the second spatial location 2-SL. In one embodiment, the millimeter-wave communication component 9-mmv is further configured to automatically steer the millimeter-wave beam 9-BM-2 or a different millimeter-wave beam 9-BM-3 toward a second millimeter-wave node 5-mmn-2 located in a third spatial location 3-SL, thereby establishing a second communication link 9-lnk-2 between the first spatial location 1-SL and the third spatial location 3-SL. In one embodiment, the system 4-sys is operative to relay said broadband communication between the first millimeter-wave node 5-mmn-1 and the second millimeter-wave node 5-mmn-2, using the first communication link 9-lnk-1 and the second communication link 9-lnk-2.
In one embodiment, the mechanical component 8-mcn holds or contains the first component 9-cmp and the millimeter-wave communication component 9-mmv, such as to make the entire system 4-sys a single mechanically rigid item. In one embodiment, the system 4-sys further comprising a first antenna configuration 9-ant belonging to the millimeter-wave communication component 9-mmv and operative to facilitate creation of the millimeter-wave beam 9-BM-1, 9-BM-2, wherein said antenna configuration 9-ant is mechanically fixed to the millimeter-wave communication component 9-mmv, and is therefore lacking any mechanical degrees of freedom in respect to the spatial orientation of the system 4-sys which is determined solely in conjunction with the certain function, and therefore said steering 9-DR-1, 9-DR-2 of the millimeter-wave beam 9-BM-1, 9-BM-2 is operative to circumvent said lacking of mechanical degrees of freedom, and consequently allow said establishing of the first communication link 9-lnk-1 between the first spatial location 1-SL and the second spatial location 2-SL.
In one embodiment, the mechanical component 8-mcn is an enclosure, and both the first component 9-cmp and the millimeter-wave communication component 9-mmv are enclosed by said enclosure, thereby embedding the millimeter-wave communication component 9-mmv in the system 4-sys. 
In one embodiment, the mechanical component 8-mcn is an enclosure, the first component 9-cmp is enclosed by said enclosure, and the millimeter-wave communication component 9-mmv is mechanically fixed to an outer surface of said enclosure, thereby embedding the millimeter-wave communication component 9-mmv in the system 4-sys. 
FIG. 3 illustrates one embodiment of a method for communicatively connecting a mechanically fixed system to a millimeter-wave network. The method includes: In step 1011, fixing, to a rigid item 1-sp which is already fixed at a first spatial location 1-SL, a system 4-sys comprising a millimeter-wave communication component 9-mmv comprising a first antenna configuration 9-ant, thereby causing the first antenna configuration to be fixed in a certain orientation 9-DR-1 that is determined by said rigid item 1-sp and said fixing. In step 1012, compensating, by the millimeter-wave communication component 9-mmv, for said certain orientation 9-DR-1 in which the first antenna configuration 9-ant is fixed, by generating, via the first antenna configuration, a millimeter-wave beam 9-BM-1, 9-BM-2, and steering electronically (e.g., from direction 9-DR-1 to direction 9-DR-2) said millimeter-wave beam toward a second spatial location 2-SL. In step 1013, establishing, via the millimeter-wave beam 9-BM-2, a first communication link 9-lnk-1 between the system 4-sys located at the first spatial location 1-SL and a first millimeter-wave node 5-mmn-1 located at the second spatial location 2-SL, thereby forming a millimeter wave network 4-sys, 9-lnk-1, 5-mmn-1 in conjunction with the system.
In one embodiment, said steering electronically of the millimeter-wave beam 9-BM-1, 9-BM-2 toward the second spatial location 2-SL, is achieved using a beam steering technique comprising at least one of: (i) phased array beam steering, (ii) beam switching, and (iii) a combination of phased array beam steering and beam switching.
One embodiment is a millimeter-wave sub-system 4-sub operative to convert a first component into a node of a millimeter-wave network. The system includes: (i) a millimeter-wave communication component 9-mmv, (ii) a first antenna configuration 9-ant belonging to the millimeter-wave communication component 9-mmv, in which the millimeter-wave communication component is operative to steer a millimeter-wave beam 9-BM-1, 9-BM-2 via the first antenna configuration 9-ant, and (iii) a connector 8-con embedded in the millimeter-wave communication component 9-mmv, in which the connector is operative to mechanically fix the millimeter-wave communication component 9-mmv into a first enclosure 8-mcn housing a first component 9-cmp, and to electrically connect 8-el the millimeter-wave communication component 9-mmv to the first component 9-cmp. The millimeter-wave communication component 9-mmv is configured to receive, via the connector 8-con, electrical power from the first component 9-cmp. The millimeter-wave communication component 9-mmv, once receiving electrical power from the first component 9-cmp, is further configured to automatically steer (e.g., from direction 9-DR-1 to direction 9-DR-2) the millimeter-wave beam 9-BM-1, 9-BM-2 toward a first millimeter-wave node 5-mmn-1, thereby establishing a first communication link 9-lnk-1 between the millimeter-wave communication component 9-mmv and the first millimeter-wave node 5-mmn-1, in which said first communication link 9-lnk-1 belongs to a millimeter-wave network 9-mmv, 9-lnk-1, 5-mmn-1, and the millimeter-wave communication component 9-mmv is further configured to relay data, via the connector 8-con, between the millimeter-wave network and the first component 9-cmp, thereby making the first component an additional node of said millimeter-wave network.
In one embodiment, the first component 9-cmp is a street light operative to provide outdoor illumination, and said first communication link 9-lnk-1 is operative to facilitate control of the outdoor illumination.
In one embodiment, the first component 9-cmp is a traffic light or a traffic sign operative to provide traffic control, and said first communication link 9-lnk-1 is operative to facilitate control of the traffic light or the traffic sign.
In one embodiment, said first communication link 9-lnk-1 is operative to facilitate broadband communication between the first millimeter-wave node 5-mmn-1 and the millimeter-wave communication component 9-mmv. In one embodiment, the millimeter-wave communication component 9-mmv is further configured to automatically steer (e.g., from direction 9-DR-2 to direction 9-DR-3) the millimeter-wave beam 9-BM-2 or a different millimeter-wave beam 9-BM-3 toward a second millimeter-wave node 5-mmn-2, thereby establishing a second communication link 9-lnk-2 between the millimeter-wave communication component 9-mmv and the second millimeter-wave node 5-mmn-2. In one embodiment, the millimeter-wave communication component 9-mmv is further configured to relay said broadband communication between the first millimeter-wave node 5-mmn-1 and the second millimeter-wave node 5-mmn-2, using the first communication link 9-lnk-1 and the second communication link 9-lnk-2.
FIG. 4A illustrates one embodiment of a system 5-sys operative to facilitate simultaneous millimeter-wave transmissions, in which a plurality of millimeter-wave communication nodes 1-mmv, 2-mmv, 3-mmv, 4-mmv, 5-mmv, 6-mmv are arranged in a mesh topology or a tree topology, thereby forming a wireless mesh network, a wireless backhaul, or any kind of a wireless network operative to propagate data along or among the plurality of millimeter-wave communication nodes. The plurality of millimeter-wave communication nodes 1-mmv, 2-mmv, 3-mmv, 4-mmv, 5-mmv, 6-mmv are located respectively at a plurality of different locations 11-SL, 12-SL, 13-SL, 14-SL, 15-SL, 16-SL. Imaginary geometrical lines 12-L, 23-L, 34-L, 15-L, 56-L are shown, in which each imaginary geometrical line stretches between two of the millimeter-wave communication nodes. A management component 1-mng is shown as well. It is noted that a first non-straight path is formed 12-L, 23-L, 34-L by the combination of imaginary line 12-L, imaginary line 23-L, and imaginary line 34-L, and a second non-straight path is formed 15-L, 56-L by the combination of imaginary line 15-L and imaginary line 56-L.
FIG. 4B illustrates one embodiment of the system 5-sys operative to facilitate simultaneous millimeter-wave transmissions 1-LK-1, 1-LK-2, 2-LK1, 2-LK-2, in which millimeter-wave beams 12-BM, 23-BM, 15-BM, 56-BM are electronically steered from at least some of the millimeter-wave communication nodes toward adjacent millimeter-wave communication nodes, thereby facilitating creation of communication links such as communication link 1-LK-1+1-LK-2 comprising millimeter-wave transmission 1-LK-1 and millimeter-wave transmission 1-LK-2, and communication link 2-LK-1+2-LK-2 comprising millimeter-wave transmission 2-LK-1 and millimeter-wave transmission 2-LK-2. As an example, millimeter-wave beams 12-BM is electronically steered from millimeter-wave communication node 1-mmv toward adjacent millimeter-wave communication node 2-mmv, millimeter-wave beam 23-BM is electronically steered from millimeter-wave communication node 2-mmv toward adjacent millimeter-wave communication node 3-mmv, millimeter-wave beam 15-BM is electronically steered from millimeter-wave communication node 1-mmv toward adjacent millimeter-wave communication node 5-mmv, and millimeter-wave beam 56-BM is electronically steered from millimeter-wave communication node 5-mmv toward adjacent millimeter-wave communication node 6-mmv. It is noted that millimeter-wave beam 12-BM from 1-mmv reaches 2-mmv, but misses the non-adjacent millimeter-wave communication node 3-mmv; this is done by design, and is possible because millimeter-wave beam 12-BM is narrow enough to miss 3-mmv and because, by design, nodes 1-mmv, 2-mmv, and 3-mmv may be selected from the plurality of nodes, or are otherwise placed in a specific way, so as to form the first non-straight path 12-L, 23-L, 34-L. The first non-straight path 12-L, 23-L, 34-L is “non-straight” in the sense that millimeter-wave beam 12-BM will miss 3-mmv when aimed at 2-mmv. Similarly, millimeter-wave beam 15-BM from 1-mmv reaches 5-mmv, but misses the non-adjacent millimeter-wave communication node 6-mmv. It is further noted that millimeter-wave communication node 1-mmv may electronically steers two different millimeter-wave beams 12-BM, 15-BM; this can be facilitated by millimeter-wave communication node 1-mmv actually being two separate nodes (not shown) located both at 11-SL, or by millimeter-wave communication node 1-mmv having two separate radios (not shown), or by millimeter-wave communication node 1-mmv performing a time division multiple access using the two different millimeter-wave beams 12-BM, 15-BM during different time slots.
FIG. 4C illustrates one embodiment of some millimeter-wave communication nodes 1-mmv, 2-mmv, 3-mmv arranged in a given spatial configuration defined by the respective different locations 11-SL, 12-SL, 13-SL, thereby forming certain angular positions 12-ang, 13-ang between some of the millimeter-wave communication nodes 2-mmv, 3-mmv relative to a reference millimeter-wave communication node 1-mmv. Millimeter-wave communication node 2-mmv is located at a certain angular position 12-ang relative to Millimeter-wave communication node 1-mmv, which means that an angle 12-ang is formed between the imaginary geometrical line 12-L connecting the two nodes and another imaginary axis line 11-axis stretching from location 11-SL of node 1-mmv and acting as a reference axis for defining angular positions. Similarly, Millimeter-wave communication node 3-mmv is located at a certain different angular position 13-ang relative to Millimeter-wave communication node 1-mmv, which means that a different angle 13-ang is formed between the imaginary geometrical line 13-L (stretching from 1-mmv to 3-mmv) and imaginary axis line 11-axis. A particular angular difference 12-13-diff is measured between the certain angular position 12-ang and the certain different angular position 13-ang. The particular angular difference 12-13-diff exists by design, and is a direct consequence of the first non-straight path 12-L, 23-L, 34-L being “non-straight” by design.
FIG. 4D illustrates one embodiment of a first millimeter-wave communication node 1-mmv electronically steering a millimeter-wave beam 12-BM toward a second millimeter-wave communication node 2-mmv, in which the millimeter-wave beam 12-BM in narrow enough 12-BM-ang so as to miss a third millimeter-wave communication node 3-mmv. Millimeter-wave beam 12-BM has a specific angular width 12-BM-ang which is narrower than the particular angular difference 12-13-diff, which means that millimeter-wave beam 12-BM is guaranteed to miss node 3-mmv when aimed at node 2-mmv, thereby qualifying millimeter-wave beam 12-BM as being “narrow enough”. A typical millimeter-wave beam 12-BM has a specific angular width 12-BM-ang that is narrower than 4 (four) degrees, sometimes even narrower than 2 (two) degrees, but in most cases narrower than 6 (six) degrees, which qualifies the millimeter-wave beam 12-BM as being a “pencil beam”—a term associated particularly with millimeter-wave technology. Millimeter-wave beams are readily made “pencil beams” owing to the fact that millimeter-wave beams are typically associated with frequencies above 30 GHz, thus requiring a relatively small antenna size to produce narrow beams. The particular angular difference 12-13-diff must be wider than the specific angular width 12-BM-ang as explained above, but if the specific angular width 12-BM-ang is a “pencil beam”, say narrower than four degrees, then the particular angular difference 12-13-diff is not required to be wider than four degrees, which means that although first non-straight path 12-L, 23-L, 34-L is required to be “non-straight”, it could be made “almost straight” and still allow millimeter-wave beam 12-BM to hit node 2-mmv but miss node 3-mmv, and therefore allow certain deployments which would otherwise be essentially impossible. As an example, referring back to FIG. 1C, if we assume that target node 5-mmn-2 is millimeter-wave communication node 1-mmv, millimeter-wave communication component 9-mmv is millimeter-wave communication node 2-mmv, and target node 5-mmn-1 is millimeter-wave communication node 3-mmv, then it could be entirely possible for 5-mmn-2 to aim a pencil beam toward 9-mmv and still miss 5-mmn-1, since 5-mmn-1 is located 2-SL on a pole slightly below 5-mmn-2 which is located 3-SL on another pole and slightly below 9-mmv which is located 1-SL on yet another pole, even if all of the poles follow a straight contour of a typical street.
FIG. 4E illustrates one embodiment of a millimeter-wave communication node 1-mmv having an antenna configuration 1-ant with an antenna aperture 1-ant-aperture. The antenna configuration 1-ant is used to generate and electronically steer the millimeter-wave beam 12-BM. There is an immediate and reverse correlation between the specific angular width 12-BM-ang of the millimeter-wave beam 12-BM and the antenna aperture 1-ant-aperture: the larger the antenna aperture, the narrower the resulting specific angular width 12-BM-ang. Therefore, in order to produce a “pencil beam”, the antenna aperture 1-ant-aperture would have to be larger than a certain size. Assuming that the millimeter-wave beam 12-BM is at frequency band between 50 GHz and 70 GHz, then a pencil beam could be generated by a circular-shaped antenna configuration 1-ant provided that antenna aperture 1-ant-aperture is larger than 100 millimeters in diameter. Other antenna shapes are possible, such as rectangular-shaped antenna. It is noted that a millimeter-wave communication node 1-mmv could maintain compact dimensions and weight when the antenna aperture 1-ant-aperture has a diameter of between 100 millimeter and 200 millimeter. Typically, such compact dimensions would involve volumes below 5 liters and weights below 5 kilograms. Highly compact dimensions would involve volumes below 2 liters and weights below 2 kilograms, but would result in slightly wider specific angular width 12-BM-ang such as six degrees. A global-navigation-satellite-system (GNSS) receiver 1-GNSS, such as a global-positioning-system (GPS) receiver, is shown and is used to determined location 11-SL.
One embodiment is a system 5-sys operative to facilitate simultaneous millimeter-wave transmissions. The system 5-sys includes: (i) a first millimeter-wave communication node 1-mmv located at a first location 11-SL and operative to electronically steer a millimeter-wave beam 12-BM having a specific angular width 12-BM-ang, (ii) a second millimeter-wave communication node 2-mmv located at a second location 12-SL and operative to generate a millimeter-wave emission 23-BM, in which the second location 12-SL is situated at a certain angular position 12-ang relative to the first location 11-SL, and (iii) a third millimeter-wave communication node 3-mmv located at a third location 13-SL, in which the third location 13-SL is situated at a certain different angular position 13-ang relative to the first location 11-SL, such that a particular angular difference 12-13-diff is formed between the certain angular position 12-ang and the certain different angular position 13-ang. 
In one embodiment of system 5-sys: (i) the first millimeter-wave communication node 1-mmv is configured to electronically steer the millimeter-wave beam 12-BM toward the second millimeter-wave communication node 2-mmv, thereby facilitating a first data transmission 1-LK-1 between the first millimeter-wave communication node 1-mmv and the second millimeter-wave communication node 2-mmv via the millimeter-wave beam 12-BM, and (ii) the specific angular width 12-BM-ang is smaller than the particular angular difference 12-13-diff, thereby significantly reducing presence of the millimeter-wave beam 12-BM at the third location 13-SL, thereby allowing the second millimeter-wave communication node 2-mmv, simultaneously with the first data transmission 1-LK-1, to send a second data transmission 1-LK-2 to the third millimeter-wave communication node 3-mmv via the millimeter-wave emission 23-BM.
In one embodiment, the millimeter-wave beam 12-BM and the millimeter-wave emission 23-BM at least partially overlap in frequency and share a common polarization or at least a common polarization component.
In one embodiment, the millimeter-wave beam 12-BM is at a frequency above 30 GHz, and the specific angular width 12-BM-ang is therefore capable of reaching below five degrees.
In one embodiment, the millimeter-wave beam 12-BM is at frequency band between 50 GHz and 70 GHz, the first millimeter-wave communication node 1-mmv comprises an antenna configuration 1-ant operative to generate and electronically steer the millimeter-wave beam 12-BM, and said antenna configuration 1-ant has an antenna aperture 1-ant-aperture having a diameter of between 100 millimeter and 200 millimeter, or any equivalently sized antenna aperture, thereby: (i) resulting, in conjunction with the frequency band, in the specific angular width 12-BM-ang being below four degrees, (ii) allowing the first millimeter-wave communication node 1-mmv to maintain compact dimensions associated with and dictated by the antenna aperture 1-ant-aperture, and (iii) allowing the particular angular difference 12-13-diff to be as narrow as four degrees, thereby contributing to added flexibility in selecting the first, second, and third millimeter-wave communication nodes 1-mmv, 2-mmv, 3-mmv out of a plurality of millimeter-wave communication nodes 1-mmv, 2-mmv, 3-mmv, 4-mmv, 5-mmv, 6-mmv while still maintaining the compact dimensions.
In one embodiment, the millimeter-wave beam 12-BM is at frequency band between 50 GHz and 70 GHz, the first millimeter-wave communication node 1-mmv comprises an antenna configuration 1-ant operative to generate and electronically steer the millimeter-wave beam 12-BM, and said antenna configuration 1-ant has an antenna aperture 1-ant-aperture having a diameter of between 60 millimeter and 100 millimeter, or any equivalently sized antenna aperture, thereby: (i) resulting, in conjunction with the frequency band, in the specific angular width 12-BM-ang being below six degrees, (ii) allowing the first millimeter-wave communication node 1-mmv to maintain highly compact dimensions associated with and dictated by the antenna aperture 1-ant-aperture, and (iii) allowing the particular angular difference 12-13-diff to be as narrow as six degrees, thereby contributing to flexibility in selecting the first, second, and third millimeter-wave communication nodes 1-mmv, 2-mmv, 3-mmv out of a plurality of millimeter-wave communication nodes 1-mmv, 2-mmv, 3-mmv, 4-mmv, 5-mmv, 6-mmv while still maintaining the highly compact dimensions.
FIG. 5 illustrates one embodiment of method for facilitating simultaneous millimeter-wave transmissions. the method includes: In step 1111, identifying, by a management component 1-mng, out of a plurality of millimeter-wave communication nodes 1-mmv, 2-mmv, 3-mmv, 4-mmv, 5-mmv, 6-mmv located respectively at a plurality of different locations 11-SL, 12-SL, 13-SL, 14-SL, 15-SL, 16-SL, a first group of at least three millimeter-wave communication nodes 1-mmv, 2-mmv, 3-mmv, 4-mmv, such that when geometrically interconnecting the locations 11-SL, 12-SL, 13-SL, 14-SL of the at least three 1-mmv, 2-mmv, 3-mmv, 4-mmv millimeter-wave communication nodes, a first non-straight path is formed 12-L, 23-L, 34-L. In step 1112, creating, by the management component 1-mng, a first communication link 1-LK-1+1-LK-2 having a first frequency in conjunction with the first group, by instructing each of the at least three millimeter-wave communication nodes 1-mmv, 2-mmv, 3-mmv, 4-mmv to electronically steer a millimeter-wave beam 12-BM, 23-BM toward adjacent millimeter-wave communication nodes in the first non-straight path 12-L, 23-L, 34-L. In step 1113, maintaining a state in which non-adjacent millimeter-wave communication nodes 1-mmv, 3-mmv in the first non-straight path do not interfere with one another as a result of the first non-straight path being “non-straight”, even though operating in the same first frequency. It is noted that the term “adjacent millimeter-wave communication nodes” means nodes that are neighbors in the context of traversing the non-straight path 12-L, 23-L, 34-L. For example, when traversing the first non-straight path 12-L, 23-L, 34-L from right to left, node 1-mmv is encountered first, then node 2-mmv, then node 3-mmv, and finally node 4-mmv is encountered, which means that: node 1-mmv is adjacent to node 2-mmv, node 2-mmv is adjacent to both nodes 1-mmv and node 3-mmv, node 3-mmv is adjacent to both nodes 2-mmv and node 4-mmv, and node 4-mmv is adjacent to node 3-mmv. It is noted that the term “non-adjacent millimeter-wave communication nodes” means nodes that are not neighbors in the context of traversing the non-straight path 12-L, 23-L, 34-L. For example, in the context of non-straight path 12-L, 23-L, 34-L, node 1-mmv is non-adjacent to nodes 3-mmv and 4-mmv, node 2-mmv is non-adjacent to node 4-mmv, node 3-mmv is non-adjacent to node 1-mmv, and node 4-mmv is non-adjacent to nodes 1-mmv and 2-mmv. Stating that two nodes are “adjacent” does not necessarily imply any particular distance between the two, and it could very well be that a distance between adjacent nodes is greater than a distance between non-adjacent nodes, which can typically happen when the non-straight path 12-L, 23-L, 34-L is characterized by steep angles.
In one embodiment, the method for facilitating simultaneous millimeter-wave transmissions further includes: operating a second group of millimeter-wave communication nodes 1-mmv, 5-mmv, 6-mmv, using a second frequency, such that the first communication link 1-LK-1+1-LK-2 does not interfere with the millimeter-wave communication nodes of the second group.
in one embodiment, said operating the second group of millimeter-wave communication nodes comprises:
identifying, by the management component 1-mng, out of the plurality of millimeter-wave communication nodes 1-mmv, 2-mmv, 3-mmv, 4-mmv, 5-mmv, 6-mmv, the second group of at least three millimeter-wave communication nodes 1-mmv, 5-mmv, 6-mmv, such that when geometrically interconnecting the locations 11-SL, 15-SL, 16-SL of the at least three millimeter-wave communication nodes of the second group, a second non-straight path is formed 15-L, 56-L; and
creating, by the management component 1-mng, a second communication link 2-LK-1+2-LK-2 having a second frequency in conjunction with the second group, by instructing each of the at least three millimeter-wave communication nodes 1-mmv, 5-mmv, 6-mmv of the second group to electronically steer a millimeter-wave beam 15-BM, 56-BM toward adjacent millimeter-wave communication nodes in the second non-straight path 15-L, 56-L, such that non-adjacent millimeter-wave communication nodes 1-mmv, 6-mmv in the second non-straight path do not interfere with one another even though operating in the same second frequency.
In one embodiment, said identification is achieved by analyzing relative angular positions 12-ang, 13-ang between different pairs of locations in the plurality of different locations 11-SL, 12-SL, 13-SL, 14-SL, 15-SL, 16-SL, thereby reaching said conclusion that when geometrically interconnecting the locations of the at least three millimeter-wave communication nodes 1-mmv, 2-mmv, 3-mmv, 4-mmv, a first non-straight path 12-L, 23-L, 34-L is formed.
In one embodiment, the plurality of different locations 11-SL, 12-SL, 13-SL, 14-SL, 15-SL, 16-SL is determined by a procedure in which each of the millimeter-wave communication nodes 1-mmv, 2-mmv, 3-mmv, 4-mmv, 5-mmv, 6-mmv reports to the management component 1-mng the respective different location.
In one embodiment, the plurality of different locations 11-SL, 12-SL, 13-SL, 14-SL, 15-SL, 16-SL is measured respectively in the plurality of millimeter-wave communication nodes 1-mmv, 2-mmv, 3-mmv, 4-mmv, 5-mmv, 6-mmv using respectively a plurality of global-navigation-satellite-system (GNSS) receivers 1-GNSS.
In one embodiment, said identification is achieved by executing, in the management component 1-mng, a directional scanning procedure in conjunction with the plurality of millimeter-wave communication nodes, in which the directional scanning procedure comprises:
selecting, out of a plurality of millimeter-wave communication nodes 1-mmv, 2-mmv, 3-mmv, 4-mmv, 5-mmv, 6-mmv, a potential group of at least three millimeter-wave communication nodes 1-mmv, 2-mmv, 3-mmv, 4-mmv; 
commanding the first of the three millimeter-wave communication nodes selected 1-mmv to electronically steer a test millimeter-wave beam 12-BM toward a second of the three millimeter-wave communication nodes selected 2-mmv; and
commanding the third of the three millimeter-wave communication nodes selected 3-mmv to try and receive the test millimeter-wave beam 12-BM, in which a failure to receive the test millimeter-wave beam is an indication that when geometrically interconnecting the locations of the at least three millimeter-wave communication nodes selected 1-mmv, 2-mmv, 3-mmv, 4-mmv, a non-straight path 12-L, 23-L, 34-L will be formed, and thereby concluding that the potential group of at least three millimeter-wave communication nodes 1-mmv, 2-mmv, 3-mmv, 4-mmv is to become the first group.
In one embodiment, said non-adjacent millimeter-wave communication nodes 1-mmv, 3-mmv in the first non-straight path 12-L, 23-L, 34-L do not interfere with one another as a result of the millimeter-wave beams 12-BM having a specific angular width 12-BM-ang which is sufficiently narrow such as to cause a transmission (e.g., 1-LK-1), made by any of the millimeter-wave communication nodes (e.g., 1-mmv) and directed to any adjacent millimeter-wave communication node (e.g., 2-mmv), to miss all non-adjacent millimeter-wave communication nodes (e.g., miss 3-mmv).
In one embodiment, said specific angular width 12-BM-ang is smaller than an angular difference 12-13-diff between (i) a line 12-L connecting the location 11-SL of a first of the millimeter-wave communication nodes 1-mmv to a location 12-SL of an adjacent millimeter-wave communication node 2-mmv and (ii) another line 13-L connecting the location 11-SL of this first millimeter-wave communication node 1-mmv to the location 13-SL of a non-adjacent millimeter-wave communication node 3-mmv, and therefore said specific angular width 12-BM-ang is qualified as being sufficiently narrow.
FIG. 6A illustrates one embodiment of a network of millimeter-wave communication nodes currently arranged according to a first network topology. The network 9-net of millimeter-wave communication nodes 1-mmv, 2-mmv, 3-mmv, 5-mmv, 6-mmv may be connected in many ways to form many network topologies. One such possible way of connecting the network is described here. Each of the nodes connects to at least one of the other nodes during formation of the network: Millimeter-wave node 6-mmv electronically steers a millimeter-wave beam 65-BM toward Millimeter-wave node 5-mmv, and then a communication link 65-LNK is established between the nodes 6-mmv, 5-mmv via beam 65-BM, through which data is transported between the nodes. Millimeter-wave node 3-mmv electronically steers a millimeter-wave beam 35-BM toward Millimeter-wave node 5-mmv, and then a communication link 35-LNK is established between the nodes 3-mmv, 5-mmv via beam 35-BM, through which data is transported between the nodes. Millimeter-wave node 5-mmv electronically steers a millimeter-wave beam 51-BM toward Millimeter-wave node 1-mmv, and then a communication link 51-LNK is established between the nodes 5-mmv, 1-mmv via beam 51-BM, through which data is transported between the nodes. Millimeter-wave node 2-mmv electronically steers a millimeter-wave beam 21-BM toward Millimeter-wave node 1-mmv, and then a communication link 21-LNK is established between the nodes 2-mmv, 1-mmv via beam 21-BM, through which data is transported between the nodes.
After the network 9-net is established as described, data can now flow along the communication links. Data may be originated at mode 6-mmv, sent over link 65-LNK via beam 65-BM to node 5-mmv, and then sent by node 5-mmv over link 51-LNK via beam 51-BM to node 1-mmv. Data may be originated at mode 3-mmv, sent over link 35-LNK via beam 35-BM to node 5-mmv, and then sent by node 5-mmv over link 51-LNK via beam 51-BM to node 1-mmv. Data may also be originated at mode 2-mmv, and sent over link 21-LNK via beam 21-BM to node 1-mmv. Data may also flow from node 1-mmv toward the other nodes, and this requires a reverse set of beams not illustrated here, i.e., a beam electronically steered from node 1-mmv to node 5-mmv, and beams electronically steered from node 5-mmv to nodes 3-mmv and 6-mmv. 
Electronically steering each of the millimeter-wave beams may be achieved using different techniques such as beam switching and by means of phased arrays, all of which can be applied in millimeter-wave frequencies of between 30 GHz and 300 GHz. It is noted that due to the high frequencies associated with millimeter-waves, one must use narrow beams in order to facilitate useful communication between the nodes 1-mmv, 2-mmv, 3-mmv, 5-mmv, 6-mmv, so that aiming the different beams to the correct location of the destination nodes must be done somehow. Aiming of the beams could be done mechanically by manually rotating a directional antenna to the right direction, but this is incompatible with the various embodiments described next, at least because a fast and synchronous beam steering is required from the different millimeter-wave nodes, and such fast and synchronous beam steering can only be achieved by means of electronically steering the beams.
FIG. 6B illustrates one embodiment of the first network topology 9-top-1 according to which network 9-net is arranged. Graph nodes 1-node, 2-node, 3-node, 5-node, 6-node correspond respectively to millimeter wave nodes 1-mmv, 2-mmv, 3-mmv, 5-mmv, 6-mmv, and graph edges 35-edge, 65-edge, 51-edge, 21-edge correspond respectively to millimeter-wave links 35-LNK, 65-LNK, 51-LNK, 21-LNK.
FIG. 6C illustrates one embodiment of a second network topology 9-top-2 according to which network 9-net could be arranged when the first network topology 9-top-1 is no longer capable of supporting data flow among the nodes. According to the second network topology 9-top-2, the same graph nodes 1-node, 2-node, 3-node, 5-node, 6-node still appear and still correspond respectively to the same millimeter wave nodes 1-mmv, 2-mmv, 3-mmv, 5-mmv, 6-mmv, but the connectivity of the nodes is different now: 5-node is now connected with 2-node via 52-edge, 6-node is now connected with 2-node via 62-edge, 3-node is now connected with 2-node via 32-edge, and 2-node is now connected with 1-node via edge 21-edge. When comparing the second network topology 9-top-2 with the first network topology 9-top-1, it is noted that 5-node is no longer directly connected to 1-node, and it is now only 2-node that is directly connect to 1-node, so that 5-node has to connect with 2-node in order to reach 1-node. It is also noted that although 6-node and 3-node could have stayed connected to 5-node and then reach 1-node via 2-node, they are now connected directly to 2-node instead, perhaps because reaching 1-node directly via 2-node is shorter (two hops) than reaching 1-node via 5-node and 2-node (three hops). The reason for switching between the first network topology 9-top-1 and the second network topology 9-top-2 may be related to some kind or a problem preventing proper operation of link 51-LNK, which requires a different, but still efficient, connectivity of the nodes without involving link 51-LNK (corresponding to the elimination of graph edge 51-edge).
FIG. 6D illustrates one embodiment of the network 9-net of millimeter-wave communication nodes now arranged according to the second network topology 9-top-2. Millimeter-wave node 3-mmv, acting to realize the new graph edge 32-edge, electronically steers a millimeter-wave beam 32-BM toward Millimeter-wave node 2-mmv, and then a communication link 32-LNK is established between the nodes 3-mmv, 2-mmv via beam 32-BM. Millimeter-wave node 6-mmv, acting to realize the new graph edge 62-edge, electronically steers a millimeter-wave beam 62-BM toward Millimeter-wave node 2-mmv, and then a communication link 62-LNK is established between the nodes 6-mmv, 2-mmv via beam 62-BM. Millimeter-wave node 5-mmv, acting to realize the new graph edge 52-edge, electronically steers a millimeter-wave beam 52-BM toward Millimeter-wave node 2-mmv, and then a communication link 52-LNK is established between the nodes 5-mmv, 2-mmv via beam 52-BM. Millimeter-wave node 2-mmv does not need to change link 21-LNK and beam 21-BM, since the graph edge 21-edge is common to both network topologies 9-top-1 and 9-top-2. The transition between network topology 9-top-1 and network topology 9-top-2, as described above, which includes many actions including the electronically steering of many millimeter-wave beams, is done during a period of time that is sufficiently short so as to not adversely affect ongoing communication. Such short period of time can be engineered to be shorter than the time needed for a single packet of data to be transported over one of the links, or can be engineered to be shorter than the average time between two successive packets of data, or can be engineered to be shorter than the time it takes for a Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) session to tear down. In most cases, the short period of time can be as long as 100 milliseconds and still not adversely affect real-time protocols such as Voice Over IP (VoW), and could sometimes be as long as one second if hard real-time requirement are not needed. In any case, it is clear that the only way such short periods of time could be achieved is by synchronizing all of the above actions and using fast responding electronically steered millimeter-wave beams.
FIG. 6E illustrates one embodiment of a management component 9-MNG associated with the network 9-net of millimeter-wave communication nodes. The management component 9-MNG can have several functions, which include the identification of a need to switch between two network topologies, the determination of a new network topology that could resolve a given problem, and the control over millimeter-wave communication nodes in the network 9-net. The management component 9-MNG is in communicative contact with the millimeter-wave communication nodes in the network 9-net, possibly via the network itself, and is capable of receiving telemetry from the different nodes regarding various parameters related to the communication links and millimeter-wave beams. Further, the management component 9-MNG may decide to switch between two network topologies as a result of the telemetry received, and based on said decision, to command and synchronize the various nodes before and during the switching process.
FIG. 6F illustrates one embodiment of the network 9-net of millimeter-wave communication nodes, in which a new millimeter-wave communication node 4-mmv has been added. When a new millimeter-wave communication node 4-mmv is made available for inclusion in the original network 9-net of FIG. 6A, a decision has to be made, possibly by the management component 9-MNG, as to the new topology that accommodates such inclusion. In the above example of adding node 4-mmv, the new network topology is selected to be the network topology 9-top-3 illustrated in FIG. 6G, in which 9-top-3 replaces 9-top-1, and in which the new millimeter-wave communication node 4-mmv, corresponding to graph node 4-node in 9-top-3, is inserted between 1-node and 2-node (corresponding to 1-mmv and 2-mmv respectively). After selection of network topology 9-top-3, the following process takes place in conjunction with a synchronized and fast transition between network topology 9-top-1 and network topology 9-top-3: 1-mmv is instructed to disengage 21-LNK, electronically steer the respective millimeter-wave beam 21-BM away from 1-mmv and toward 4-mmv (thereby becoming 24-BM), and engage a new millimeter-wave link 24-LNK with 4-mmv; 1-mmv is instructed to disengage 21-LNK, electronically steer the respective millimeter-wave beam (not shown) away from 2-mmv and toward 4-mmv (thereby becoming 14-BM), and engage a new millimeter-wave link 14-LNK with 4-mmv. Node 4-mmv may also be instructed to electronically steer millimeter-wave beams (not shown) toward 2-mmv and 1-mmv. The transition between network topology 9-top-1 and network topology 9-top-3, as described above, which includes many actions including the electronically steering of many millimeter-wave beams, is done during a period of time that is sufficiently short so as to not adversely affect ongoing communication, in accordance with some embodiments.
FIG. 6G illustrates one embodiment of a network topology 9-top-3 corresponding to the network 9-net of millimeter-wave communication nodes now including the newly added millimeter-wave communication node 4-mmv. Graph nodes 1-node, 2-node, 3-node, 4-node, 5-node, 6-node correspond respectively to millimeter wave nodes 1-mmv, 2-mmv, 3-mmv, 4-mmv, 5-mmv, 6-mmv, and graph edges 35-edge, 65-edge, 51-edge, 24-edge, 14-edge correspond respectively to millimeter-wave links 35-LNK, 65-LNK, 51-LNK, 24-LNK, 14-LNK.
FIG. 6H illustrates one embodiment of a millimeter-wave communication node. Millimeter-wave communication node 1-mmv is illustrated as an example, but this example may be extended to all of the nodes of network 9-net. Millimeter-wave communication node 1-mmv includes an antenna configuration 1-ant, in which the antenna configuration is any combination of any type of antenna/s and related circuitry operative to facilitate electronically steering of millimeter-wave beams. For example, antenna configuration 1-ant may be a phased array sub-system including a matrix of many wide-angle millimeter-wave antennas controlled by a phase shifting mechanism operative to electronically steer a millimeter-wave beam by controlling phase differences between different signals feeding the matrix of wide-angle antennas, or 1-ant may possibly be a beam switching sub-system including many directional millimeter-wave antennas directed in many different direction and a related circuitry operative to activate one or more of the directional millimeter-wave antennas at any given time, or 1-ant may even be a millimeter-wave lens sub-system including many millimeter-wave radiating sources placed on different locations on a focal plane of the millimeter-wave lens and operative to be electronically switched according to desired direction of the beam. Millimeter-wave communication node 1-mmv further includes a data record 1-REC operative to store information needed by the antenna configuration 1-ant to electronically steer a millimeter-wave beam toward a specific set of directions. For example, data record 1-REC may store several sets of phase differences, in which each of the sets of phase differences is operative to cause a phased array sub-system (1-ant) to transmit a millimeter-wave beam toward a specific direction which may be the direction of one of the neighboring millimeter-wave communication node. Millimeter-wave communication node 1-mmv may construct the data record 1-REC in several ways. One of the ways for constructing data record 1-REC may be by electronically steering a test millimeter-wave beam 1-T-BM toward different directions until reaching one specific neighboring nodes, in which the parameters associated with the test beam at the time of reaching the specific neighboring node are recorded in data record 1-REC for future use, in which the future use may be associated with a future instruction to direct a beam toward this specific neighboring node in conjunction with a switch between two network topologies in accordance with some embodiments. Another way for constructing data record 1-REC may be by using a global-navigation-satellite-system (GNSS), such as a global-positioning-system (GPS), in which a GNSS receiver 1-GNSS on each of the nodes determines the position of the node, so that relative directions between all pairs of nodes can be established and then used to calculate, rather than test and find, the parameters needed by data records such as 1-REC.
One embodiment is a system operative to adapt a network of millimeter-wave communication nodes in response to a changing condition. The system includes: (i) a plurality of millimeter-wave communication nodes 1-mmv, 2-mmv, 3-mmv, 5-mmv, 6-mmv located respectively at a plurality of different location, and (ii) a plurality of millimeter-wave links 35-LNK, 65-LNK, 51-LNK, 21-LNK, in which each of the millimeter-wave links communicatively connects specific two of the plurality of millimeter-wave communication nodes (e.g., 35-LNK connects 3-mmv and 5-mmv, 65-LNK connects 6-mmv and 5-mmv, 51-LNK connects 5-mmv and 1-mmv, and 21-LNK connects 2-mmv and 1-mmv), thereby forming a communication network 9-net having a certain current network topology 9-top-1, in which each of the millimeter-wave links is formed by at least one of the millimeter-wave communication nodes electronically steering a millimeter-wave beam toward another of the millimeter-wave communication nodes (e.g., millimeter-wave beam 65-BM is steered by 6-mmv toward 5-mmv thereby forming 65-LNK, millimeter-wave beam 35-BM is steered by 3-mmv toward 5-mmv thereby forming 35-LNK, millimeter-wave beam 51-BM is steered by 5-mmv toward 1-mmv thereby forming 51-LNK, and millimeter-wave beam 21-BM is steered by 2-mmv toward 1-mmv thereby forming 21-LNK).
In one embodiment, the system is configured to: (i) detect a change in a condition associated with the communication network 9-net, in which said change requires a transition from the certain current network topology 9-top-1 to a new network topology 9-top-2, (ii) select the new network topology 9-top-2, and (iii) perform said transition, by instructing each of at least two of the millimeter-wave communication nodes (e.g., 5-mmv, 6-mmv, 3-mmv) to: disengage the respective millimeter-wave link, electronically steer the respective millimeter-wave beam away from current bearing and toward one of the millimeter-wave communication nodes specifically identified, and engage a new millimeter-wave link therewith. For example, as a result of a problem in millimeter-wave link 51-LNK, the following takes place in conjunction with a transition from 9-top-1 to 9-top-2: (i) 5-mmv is instructed to: disengage 51-LNK, electronically steer the respective millimeter-wave beam 51-BM away from 1-mmv and toward 2-mmv (thereby becoming 52-BM), and engage a new millimeter-wave link 52-LNK with 2-mmv, (ii) 6-mmv is instructed to: disengage 65-LNK, electronically steer the respective millimeter-wave beam 65-BM away from 5-mmv and toward 2-mmv (thereby becoming 62-BM), and engage a new millimeter-wave link 62-LNK with 2-mmv, and (iii) 3-mmv is instructed to: disengage 35-LNK, electronically steer the respective millimeter-wave beam 35-BM away from 5-mmv and toward 2-mmv (thereby becoming 32-BM), and engage a new millimeter-wave link 32-LNK with 2-mmv. 
In one embodiment, the system further includes a management component 9-MNG operative to: (i) determine, based on the new network topology 9-top-2, which of the plurality of millimeter-wave communication nodes 1-mmv, 2-mmv, 3-mmv, 5-mmv, 6-mmv are the at least two of the millimeter-wave communication nodes (e.g., 5-mmv, 6-mmv, 3-mmv) to be involved in said transition, and (ii) issue said instruction to each of at least two of the millimeter-wave communication nodes determined.
In one embodiment, the management component 9-MNG is further operative to determine which specific two of the plurality of millimeter-wave communication nodes 1-mmv, 2-mmv, 3-mmv, 5-mmv, 6-mmv forms a particular one of the millimeter-wave links 35-LNK, 65-LNK, 51-LNK, 21-LNK, thereby establishing said certain current network topology 9-top-1 prior to said transition.
In one embodiment, said detection of a change in a condition associated with the communication network is a detection of a communication problem associated with at least one of the millimeter-wave links in the certain current network topology (e.g., a problem associated with millimeter-wave link 51-LNK in 9-top-1), in which the new network topology 9-top-2 does not include said at least one millimeter-wave link (e.g., link 51-LNK) having the communication problem.
In one embodiment, the communication problem comprises at least one of: (i) fading of the millimeter-wave link (e.g., link 51-LNK), in which the fading is associated with a weather condition such as rain, (ii) fading of the millimeter-wave link, in which the fading is associated with a physical obstruction such as an object currently blocking the millimeter-wave link, (iii) a malfunction in one of the millimeter-wave communication nodes associated with the millimeter-wave link (e.g., a malfunction in 5-mmv associated with link 51-LNK), and (iv) an electromagnetic interference affecting the millimeter-wave link.
In one embodiment, said detection of a change in a condition associated with the communication network is a detection of a communication performance issue associated with the certain current network topology 9-top-1, in which the new network topology 9-top-2 at least partially resolves said communication performance issue.
In one embodiment, the communication performance issue comprises at least one of: (i) a latency issue associated with transporting data sets across the certain current network topology 9-top-1 or among the millimeter-wave communication nodes thereof, (ii) a throughput issue associated with transporting data sets across the certain current network topology 9-top-1 or among the millimeter-wave communication nodes thereof, and (iii) a packet loss issue associated with transporting data sets across the certain current network topology 9-top-1 or among the millimeter-wave communication nodes thereof.
In one embodiment, said transition from the certain current network topology 9-top-1 to a new network topology 9-top-2 is done synchronously in conjunction with the at least two millimeter-wave communication nodes (e.g., 5-mmv, 6-mmv, 3-mmv).
In one embodiment, said synchronicity is achieved in conjunction with said transition being completed in less than a certain period of time, such that said transition from the certain current network topology 9-top-1 to the new network topology 9-top-2 appears to be instantaneous.
In one embodiment, the certain period of time is 100 (one hundred) milliseconds.
In one embodiment, the certain period of time is the time needed to transport a single packet of data over one of the millimeter-wave links.
In one embodiment, the certain period of time is the time it takes for a transmission-control-protocol (TCP) session to tear down.
In one embodiment, said synchronicity is achieved in conjunction with each of said instructions being sent to the respective millimeter-wave communication node essentially instantaneously, such that all the instructions are sent within a certain period of time.
In one embodiment, said synchronicity is achieved by ordering all of the relevant millimeter-wave communication nodes (e.g., 5-mmv, 6-mmv, 3-mmv) to start the transition at a predetermined time, in which the millimeter-wave communication nodes are time-synchronized using a global-navigation-satellite-system (GNSS) 1-GNSS such as a global-positioning-system (GPS), or using a time-synchronizing network protocol such as Network Time Protocol (NTP) or IEEE 1588 Precision Time Protocol (PTP), or using any other means to synchronize time among different nodes.
In one embodiment, said electronically steering, of each of the millimeter-wave beams, toward the respective one of the millimeter-wave communication nodes specifically identified, is achieved by using a data record (e.g., 1-REC) operative to inform the respective millimeter-wave communication node (e.g., 1-mmv) regarding a state, of an associated antenna configuration (e.g., 1-ant), which is needed to achieve said steering and cause the millimeter-wave beam (e.g., 14-BM) to reach the respective millimeter-wave communication node specifically identified (e.g., 4-mmv).
In one embodiment, said state, which is needed to achieve said steering and said reach, is determined using a spatial analysis of the different location that are gathered in conjunction with the millimeter-wave communication nodes 1-mmv, 2-mmv, 3-mmv, 5-mmv, 6-mmv using a global-navigation-satellite-system (GNSS) (e.g., 1-GNSS) such as a global-positioning-system (GPS).
In one embodiment, said state, which is needed to achieve said steering and said reach, is determined using a procedure, which is carried out prior to said detection, in which said procedure comprises steering a test millimeter-wave beam 1-T-BM toward different directions, until reaching a neighbor millimeter-wave communication node.
FIG. 7 illustrates one embodiment of a method for adapting a network of millimeter-wave communication nodes. The method includes:
In step 1121, establishing, in conjunction with a plurality of millimeter-wave communication nodes 1-mmv, 2-mmv, 3-mmv, 5-mmv, 6-mmv located respectively at a plurality of different location, a plurality of millimeter-wave links 35-LNK, 65-LNK, 51-LNK, 21-LNK, in which each of the millimeter-wave links communicatively connects specific two of the plurality of millimeter-wave communication nodes (e.g., 35-LNK connects 3-mmv and 5-mmv, 65-LNK connects 6-mmv and 5-mmv, 51-LNK connects 5-mmv and 1-mmv, and 21-LNK connects 2-mmv and 1-mmv), thereby forming a communication network 9-net having a certain network topology 9-top-1, in which each of the millimeter-wave links is formed by at least one of the millimeter-wave communication nodes electronically steering a millimeter-wave beam toward another of the millimeter-wave communication nodes (e.g., millimeter-wave beam 65-BM is steered by 6-mmv toward 5-mmv thereby forming 65-LNK, millimeter-wave beam 35-BM is steered by 3-mmv toward 5-mmv thereby forming 35-LNK, millimeter-wave beam 51-BM is steered by 5-mmv toward 1-mmv thereby forming 51-LNK, and millimeter-wave beam 21-BM is steered by 2-mmv toward 1-mmv thereby forming 21-LNK).
In step 1122, performing, in conjunction with the communication network, a series of synchronous transitions between different network topologies 9-top-1, 9-top-2 comprising the certain network topology 9-top-1, in which each of the synchronous transitions comprises instructing at least some of the millimeter-wave communication nodes to disengage the respective millimeter-wave link and establish a new millimeter-wave link instead. For example, the following takes place in conjunction with a synchronous transition from 9-top-1 to 9-top-2: 5-mmv is instructed to disengage 51-LNK, electronically steer the respective millimeter-wave beam 51-BM away from 1-mmv and toward 2-mmv (thereby becoming 52-BM), and engage a new millimeter-wave link 52-LNK with 2-mmv; 6-mmv is instructed to disengage 65-LNK, electronically steer the respective millimeter-wave beam 65-BM away from 5-mmv and toward 2-mmv (thereby becoming 62-BM), and engage a new millimeter-wave link 62-LNK with 2-mmv; and 3-mmv is instructed to disengage 35-LNK, electronically steer the respective millimeter-wave beam 35-BM away from 5-mmv and toward 2-mmv (thereby becoming 32-BM), and engage a new millimeter-wave link 32-LNK with 2-mmv. 
In step 1123, measuring network performance of each of the different network topologies 9-top-1, 9-top-2.
In step 1124, favoring specific network topologies, out of the different network topologies, based on the measurements, thereby adapting the communication network 9-net to better perform.
In one embodiment, at least some of the transitions into the respective network topologies are done for a short period of time that is just long enough to carry out the respective measurements before transitioning back or forth into another of the network topologies.
In one embodiment, at least some of the synchronous transitions are done periodically and for the purpose of transporting data sets across the communication network.
One embodiment is a system operative to adapt a network of millimeter-wave communication nodes in response to a changing condition. The system includes: (i) a plurality of millimeter-wave communication nodes 1-mmv, 2-mmv, 3-mmv, 5-mmv, 6-mmv located respectively at a plurality of different location, (ii) a plurality of millimeter-wave links 35-LNK, 65-LNK, 51-LNK, 21-LNK, in which each of the millimeter-wave links communicatively connects specific two of the plurality of millimeter-wave communication nodes (e.g., 35-LNK connects 3-mmv and 5-mmv, 65-LNK connects 6-mmv and 5-mmv, 51-LNK connects 5-mmv and 1-mmv, and 21-LNK connects 2-mmv and 1-mmv), thereby forming a communication network 9-net having a certain current network topology 9-top-1, in which each of the millimeter-wave links is formed by at least one of the millimeter-wave communication nodes electronically steering a millimeter-wave beam toward another of the millimeter-wave communication nodes (e.g., millimeter-wave beam 65-BM is steered by 6-mmv toward 5-mmv thereby forming 65-LNK, millimeter-wave beam 35-BM is steered by 3-mmv toward 5-mmv thereby forming 35-LNK, millimeter-wave beam 51-BM is steered by 5-mmv toward 1-mmv thereby forming 51-LNK, and millimeter-wave beam 21-BM is steered by 2-mmv toward 1-mmv thereby forming 21-LNK). Further, the system is configured to: (i) detect a change in a condition associated with the communication network 9-net, in which said change requires a transition from the certain current network topology 9-top-1 to a new network topology 9-top-3 (FIG. 6G), (ii) select the new network topology 9-top-3, and (iii) perform said transition, by instructing each of at least two of the millimeter-wave communication nodes (e.g., 1-mmv, 2-mmv) to: disengage the respective millimeter-wave link, electronically steer the respective millimeter-wave beam away from current bearing and toward one of the millimeter-wave communication nodes specifically identified, and engage a new millimeter-wave link therewith. For example, as a result of adding a new node 4-mmv (FIG. 6F) to the system, the following takes place in conjunction with a transition from 9-top-1 to 9-top-3: 1-mmv is instructed to disengage 21-LNK, electronically steer the respective millimeter-wave beam 21-BM away from 1-mmv and toward 4-mmv (thereby becoming 24-BM), and engage a new millimeter-wave link 24-LNK with 4-mmv; 1-mmv is instructed to disengage 21-LNK, electronically steer the respective millimeter-wave beam (not shown) away from 2-mmv and toward 4-mmv (thereby becoming 14-BM), and engage a new millimeter-wave link 14-LNK with 4-mmv. 
In one embodiment, said detection of a change in a condition associated with the communication network is a detection of a condition in which one of the millimeter-wave communication nodes (4-mmv, FIG. 6F) is a new millimeter-wave communication node that has been just made available to the system, and is to be incorporated in the system as a functioning millimeter-wave communication node, in which the new millimeter-wave communication node 4-mmv is the millimeter-wave communication node that was specifically identified.
In one embodiment, said selection of the new network topology (referring now to 9-top-3, FIG. 6G as the new network topology to replace 9-top-1) is made such that the new network topology 9-top-3 incorporates the new millimeter-wave communication node 4-mmv, in which the new millimeter-wave communication node 4-mmv is now connected via two of the new millimeter-wave links 24-LNK, 14-LNK respectively to two of the millimeter-wave communication nodes 2-mmv, 1-mmv that were previously connected directly by a link 21-LNK (FIG. 6A) that was disengaged during said transition.
In this description, numerous specific details are set forth. However, the embodiments/cases of the invention may be practiced without some of these specific details. In other instances, well-known hardware, materials, structures and techniques have not been shown in detail in order not to obscure the understanding of this description. In this description, references to “one embodiment” and “one case” mean that the feature being referred to may be included in at least one embodiment/case of the invention. Moreover, separate references to “one embodiment”, “some embodiments”, “one case”, or “some cases” in this description do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment/case. Illustrated embodiments/cases are not mutually exclusive, unless so stated and except as will be readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. Thus, the invention may include any variety of combinations and/or integrations of the features of the embodiments/cases described herein. Also herein, flow diagrams illustrate non-limiting embodiment/case examples of the methods, and block diagrams illustrate non-limiting embodiment/case examples of the devices. Some operations in the flow diagrams may be described with reference to the embodiments/cases illustrated by the block diagrams. However, the methods of the flow diagrams could be performed by embodiments/cases of the invention other than those discussed with reference to the block diagrams, and embodiments/cases discussed with reference to the block diagrams could perform operations different from those discussed with reference to the flow diagrams. Moreover, although the flow diagrams may depict serial operations, certain embodiments/cases could perform certain operations in parallel and/or in different orders from those depicted. Moreover, the use of repeated reference numerals and/or letters in the text and/or drawings is for the purpose of simplicity and clarity and does not in itself dictate a relationship between the various embodiments/cases and/or configurations discussed. Furthermore, methods and mechanisms of the embodiments/cases will sometimes be described in singular form for clarity. However, some embodiments/cases may include multiple iterations of a method or multiple instantiations of a mechanism unless noted otherwise. For example, when a controller or an interface are disclosed in an embodiment/case, the scope of the embodiment/case is intended to also cover the use of multiple controllers or interfaces.
Certain features of the embodiments/cases, which may have been, for clarity, described in the context of separate embodiments/cases, may also be provided in various combinations in a single embodiment/case. Conversely, various features of the embodiments/cases, which may have been, for brevity, described in the context of a single embodiment/case, may also be provided separately or in any suitable sub-combination. The embodiments/cases are not limited in their applications to the details of the order or sequence of steps of operation of methods, or to details of implementation of devices, set in the description, drawings, or examples. In addition, individual blocks illustrated in the figures may be functional in nature and do not necessarily correspond to discrete hardware elements. While the methods disclosed herein have been described and shown with reference to particular steps performed in a particular order, it is understood that these steps may be combined, sub-divided, or reordered to form an equivalent method without departing from the teachings of the embodiments/cases. Accordingly, unless specifically indicated herein, the order and grouping of the steps is not a limitation of the embodiments/cases. Embodiments/cases described in conjunction with specific examples are presented by way of example, and not limitation. Moreover, it is evident that many alternatives, modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Accordingly, it is intended to embrace all such alternatives, modifications and variations that fall within the spirit and scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.

## Claims

1. A system operative to adapt a network of millimeter-wave communication nodes in response to a changing condition, comprising:
a plurality of millimeter-wave communication nodes located respectively at a plurality of different location;
a plurality of millimeter-wave links, in which each of the millimeter-wave links communicatively connects specific two of the plurality of millimeter-wave communication nodes, thereby forming a communication network having a certain current network topology, in which each of the millimeter-wave links is formed by at least one of the millimeter-wave communication nodes electronically steering a millimeter-wave beam toward another of the millimeter-wave communication nodes; and
a management component;
wherein the system is configured to:
detect a change in a condition associated with the communication network, in which said change requires a transition from the certain current network topology to a new network topology;
select the new network topology; and
perform said transition, by instructing each of at least two of the millimeter-wave communication nodes to: disengage the respective millimeter-wave link, electronically steer the respective millimeter-wave beam away from current bearing and toward one of the millimeter-wave communication nodes specifically identified, and engage a new millimeter-wave link therewith;
wherein the management component is configured to:
determine, based on the new network topology, which of the plurality of millimeter-wave communication nodes are the at least two of the millimeter-wave communication nodes to be involved in said transition; and
issue said instruction to each of at least two of the millimeter-wave communication nodes determined.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein the management component is further operative to determine which specific two of the plurality of millimeter-wave communication nodes forms a particular one of the millimeter-wave links, thereby establishing said certain current network topology prior to said transition.

3. The system of claim 1, wherein said transition is done synchronously in conjunction with the at least two millimeter-wave communication nodes.

4. The system of claim 3, wherein said synchronicity is achieved in conjunction with said transition being completed in less than a certain period of time, such that said transition from the certain current network topology to the new network topology appears to be instantaneous.

5. The system of claim 4, wherein the certain period of time is 100 (one hundred) milliseconds.

6. The system of claim 4, wherein the certain period of time is the time needed to transport a single packet of data over one of the millimeter-wave links.

7. The system of claim 4, wherein the certain period of time is the time it takes for a transmission-control-protocol (TCP) session to tear down.

8. The system of claim 3, wherein said synchronicity is achieved in conjunction with each of said instructions being sent to the respective millimeter-wave communication node essentially instantaneously, such that all the instructions are sent within a certain period of time.

9. The system of claim 3, wherein said synchronicity is achieved by ordering all of the relevant millimeter-wave communication nodes to start the transition at a predetermined time, in which the millimeter-wave communication nodes are time-synchronized using at least a global-navigation-satellite-system (GNSS) such as a global-positioning-system (GPS), or a time-synchronizing network protocol such as Network Time Protocol (NTP) or TFEF 1588 Precision Time Protocol (PTP).

10. The system of claim 1, wherein said electronically steering, of each of the millimeter-wave beams, toward the respective one of the millimeter-wave communication nodes specifically identified, is achieved by using a data record operative to inform the respective millimeter-wave communication node regarding a state, of an associated antenna configuration, which is needed to achieve said steering and cause the millimeter-wave beam to reach the respective millimeter-wave communication node specifically identified.

11. The system of claim 10, wherein said state, which is needed to achieve said steering and said reach, is determined using a spatial analysis of the different location that are gathered in conjunction with the millimeter-wave communication nodes using a global-navigation-satellite-system (GNSS) such as a global-positioning-system (GPS).

12. The system of claim 10, wherein said state, which is needed to achieve said steering and said reach, is determined using a procedure, which is carried out prior to said detection, in which said procedure comprises steering a test millimeter-wave beam toward different directions, until reaching a neighbor millimeter-wave communication node.

13. A system operative to adapt a network of millimeter-wave communication nodes in response to a changing condition, comprising:
a plurality of millimeter-wave communication nodes located respectively at a plurality of different location; and
a plurality of millimeter-wave links, in which each of the millimeter-wave links communicatively connects specific two of the plurality of millimeter-wave communication nodes, thereby forming a communication network having a certain current network topology, in which each of the millimeter-wave links is formed by at least one of the millimeter-wave communication nodes electronically steering a millimeter-wave beam toward another of the millimeter-wave communication nodes:
wherein the system is configured to:
detect a change in a condition associated with the communication network, in which said change requires a transition from the certain current network topology to a new network topology;
select the new network topology; and
perform said transition, by instructing each of at least two of the millimeter-wave communication nodes to: disengage the respective millimeter-wave link, electronically steer the respective millimeter-wave beam away from current bearing and toward one of the millimeter-wave communication nodes specifically identified, and engage a new millimeter-wave link therewith;
wherein said detection is a detection of a communication problem associated with at least one of the millimeter-wave links in the certain current network topology, in which the new network topology does not include said at least one millimeter-wave link having the communication problem.

14. The system of claim 13, wherein the communication problem comprises at least one of (i) fading of the millimeter-wave link, in which the fading is associated with a weather condition such as rain, (ii) fading of the millimeter-wave link, in which the fading is associated with a physical obstruction such as an object currently blocking the millimeter-wave link, (iii) a malfunction in one of the millimeter-wave communication nodes associated with the millimeter-wave link, and (iv) an electromagnetic interference affecting the millimeter-wave link.

15. A system operative to adapt a network of millimeter-wave communication nodes in response to a changing condition, comprising:
a plurality of millimeter-wave communication nodes located respectively at a plurality of different location, and
a plurality of millimeter-wave links, in which each of the millimeter-wave links communicatively connects specific two of the plurality of millimeter-wave communication nodes, thereby forming a communication network having a certain current network topology, in which each of the millimeter-wave links is formed by at least one of the millimeter-wave communication nodes electronically steering a millimeter-wave beam toward another of the millimeter-wave communication nodes;
wherein the system is configured to:
detect a change in a condition associated with the communication network, in which said change requires a transition from the certain current network topology to a new network topology;
select the new network topology; and
perform said transition, by instructing each of at least two of the millimeter-wave communication nodes to: disengage the respective millimeter-wave link, electronically steer the respective millimeter-wave beam away from current bearing and toward one of the millimeter-wave communication nodes specifically identified, and engage a new millimeter-wave link therewith;
wherein said detection is a detection of a communication performance issue associated with the certain current network topology, in which the new network topology at least partially resolves said communication performance issue.

16. The system of claim 15, wherein the communication performance issue comprises at least one of (i) a latency issue associated with transporting data sets across the certain current network topology or among the millimeter-wave communication nodes thereof (ii) a throughput issue associated with transporting data sets across the certain current network topology or among the millimeter-wave communication nodes thereof and (iii) a packet loss issue associated with transporting data sets across the certain current network topology or among the millimeter-wave communication nodes thereof.

17. A system operative to adapt a network of millimeter-wave communication nodes in response to a changing condition, comprising:
a plurality of millimeter-wave communication nodes located respectively at a plurality of different location, and
a plurality of millimeter-wave links, in which each of the millimeter-wave links communicatively connects specific two of the plurality of millimeter-wave communication nodes, thereby forming a communication network having a certain current network topology, in which each of the millimeter-wave links is formed by at least one of the millimeter-wave communication nodes electronically steering a millimeter-wave beam toward another of the millimeter-wave communication nodes:
wherein the system is configured to:
detect a change in a condition associated with the communication network, in which said change requires a transition from the certain current network topology to a new network topology;
select the new network topology; and
perform said transition, by instructing each of at least two of the millimeter-wave communication nodes to: disengage the respective millimeter-wave link, electronically steer the respective millimeter-wave beam away from current bearing and toward one of the millimeter-wave communication nodes specifically identified, and engage a new millimeter-wave link therewith;
wherein said detection is a detection of a condition in which one of the millimeter-wave communication nodes is a new millimeter-wave communication node that has been just made available to the system, and is to be incorporated in the system as a functioning millimeter-wave communication node, in which the new millimeter-wave communication node is the millimeter-wave communication node that was specifically identified.

18. The system of claim 17, wherein said selection of the new network topology is made such that the new network topology incorporates the new millimeter-wave communication node, in which the new millimeter-wave communication node is now connected via two of the new millimeter-wave links respectively to two of the millimeter-wave communication nodes that were previously connected directly by a link that was disengaged during said transition.

19. A method for adapting a network of millimeter-wave communication nodes, comprising:
establishing, in conjunction with a plurality of millimeter-wave communication nodes located respectively at a plurality of different location, a plurality of millimeter-wave links, in which each of the millimeter-wave links communicatively connects specific two of the plurality of millimeter-wave communication nodes, thereby forming a communication network having a certain network topology, in which each of the millimeter-wave links is formed by at least one of the millimeter-wave communication nodes electronically steering a millimeter-wave beam toward another of the millimeter-wave communication nodes;
performing, in conjunction with the communication network, a series of synchronous transitions between different network topologies comprising the certain network topology, in which each of the synchronous transitions comprises instructing at least some of the millimeter-wave communication nodes to disengage the respective millimeter-wave link and establish a new millimeter-wave link instead;
measuring network performance of each of the different network topologies; and
favoring specific network topologies, out of the different network topologies, based on the measurements, thereby adapting the communication network to better perform.

20. The method of claim 19, wherein at least some of the transitions into the respective network topologies are done for a short period of time that is just long enough to carry out the respective measurements before transitioning back or forth into another of the network topologies.

21. The method of claim 19, wherein at least some of the synchronous transitions are done periodically and for the purpose of transporting data sets across the communication network.