Exhibit 3.1 

 

**AMENDED AND RESTATED**

 

**BY-LAWS**

 

**OF**

 

**BEARINGPOINT, INC.**

 

ARTICLE I 

 

Stockholders Meetings 

 

Section 1.1. Annual Meetings. (a) An annual meeting of stockholdersshall be held for the election of directors at such date, time and place as may be fixed by resolution of the Board of Directors from time to time. Subject to paragraph (b) of this Section 1.1, any other proper business may be transacted at anannual meeting. 

 

(b) Only such business shall be conducted atan annual meeting of stockholders as shall have been properly brought before the meeting. For business to be properly brought before the meeting, it must be: (i) authorized by the Board of Directors and specified in the notice, or a supplementalnotice, of the meeting, (ii) otherwise brought before the meeting by or at the direction of the Board of Directors or the chairman of the meeting, or (iii) otherwise properly brought before the meeting by a stockholder. For business to be properlybrought before an annual meeting by a stockholder, the stockholder must have given written notice thereof to the Secretary of the Corporation, delivered or mailed to and received at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not less than 90days nor more than 120 days prior to the anniversary date of the immediately preceding annual meeting; provided, however, that in the event that no annual meeting was held in the previous year or the annual meeting is called for a datethat is advanced or delayed by more than 30 days from the anniversary date of the preceding year’s annual meeting date, written notice by the stockholder in order to be timely must be so received not later than the close of business of thelater of (A) the day that is 90 days prior to such annual meeting or (B) the 10th day following the day on which (1) notice of the date of the annual meeting was mailed or (2) public disclosure of the date of the annual meeting was made, whicheveroccurs first. Notwithstanding the preceding sentence, for the Corporation’s 2004 annual meeting, written notice by the stockholder must be received by May 28, 2004 in order to be timely. In the event that the date by which written notice by thestockholder must be received falls on a Saturday, Sunday or federal holiday, then the notice will be timely if received on the next succeeding business day. Delivery shall be by hand or by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested. Inno event shall the public disclosure of an adjournment of an annual meeting commence a new time period for the giving of stockholder’s notice as described above. A stockholder’s notice to the Secretary shall set forth as to each item ofbusiness the stockholder proposes to bring before the meeting: (1) a description of such item and the reasons for conducting such business at the meeting, (2) the name and address, as they appear on the Corporation’s records, of the stockholderproposing such business, (3) a representation that the stockholder is a holder of record of shares of stock of the Corporation entitled to vote with respect to such business and intends to appear in person or by proxy at the meeting to move the

 

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consideration of such business, (4) the class and number of shares of stock of the Corporation which are beneficially owned by the stockholder (as definedabove under Sections 13 and 14 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended), and (5) any interest of the stockholder in such business. No business shall be conducted at any annual meeting except in accordance with the procedures set forth inthis paragraph (b). The chairman of the meeting at which any business is proposed by a stockholder shall, if the facts warrant, determine and declare to the meeting that such business was not properly brought before the meeting in accordance withthe provisions of this paragraph (b), and, in such event, the business not properly before the meeting shall not be transacted. 

 

(c) For purposes of these by-laws, “public disclosure” shall mean disclosure in a press release reported by the Dow Jones News Service,Associated Press or comparable national news service, or in a document publicly filed by the Corporation with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Section 13, 14 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. 

 

Section 1.2. Special Meetings. Special meetings of stockholders forany purpose or purposes may be called at any time only by the Chairman of the Board, if any, or pursuant to a resolution approved by a majority of the whole Board of Directors (as such term is defined in the Certificates of Incorporation of theCorporation). The business transacted at a special meeting of stockholders shall be limited solely to matters relating to the purpose or purposes stated in the Corporation’s notice of meeting. 

 

Section 1.3. Notice of Meetings. A written notice of each annual orspecial meeting of stockholders shall be given stating the place, date and time of the meeting, and, in the case of a special meeting, the purpose or purposes for which the meeting is called. Unless otherwise provided by law, the Certificate ofIncorporation or these By-laws, such notice of meeting shall be given not less than ten nor more than 60 days before the date of the meeting to each stockholder of record entitled to vote at such meeting. If mailed, such notice shall be deemed to begiven when deposited in the mail, postage prepaid, directed to the stockholder at such stockholder’s address as it appears on the records of the Corporation. 

 

Section 1.4. Adjournments. Any annual or special meeting of stockholders may be adjourned from time to time toreconvene at the same or some other place, and notice need not be given of any such adjourned meeting if the date, time and place thereof are announced at the meeting at which the adjournment is taken. At the adjourned meeting any business may betransacted which might have been transacted at the original meeting. If the adjournment is for more than 30 days, or if after the adjournment a new record date is fixed for the adjourned meeting, a notice of the adjourned meeting shall be given toeach stockholder of record entitled to vote at the adjourned meeting in accordance with Section 1.3. 

 

Section 1.5. Quorum. Except as otherwise provided by law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these By-laws, the presence in person or by proxy ofthe holders of stock having a majority of the votes which could be cast by the holders of all outstanding stock entitled to vote at the meeting shall constitute a quorum at each meeting of stockholders. In the absence of a quorum, the stockholdersso present may, by the affirmative vote of the holders of stock having a majority of the votes which could be cast by all such holders, adjourn the meeting from time to 

 

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time in the manner provided in Section 1.4 of these By-laws until a quorum is present. If a quorum is present when a meeting is convened, the subsequentwithdrawal of stockholders, even though less than a quorum remains, shall not affect the ability of the remaining stockholders lawfully to transact business. 

 

Section 1.6. Organization. Meetings of stockholders shall be presided over by the Chairman of the Board, if any, or if there is none or in his orher absence, by the President, or in his or her absence, by a chairman designated by the Board of Directors, or in the absence of such designation by a chairman chosen at the meeting. The Secretary shall act as secretary of the meeting, but in hisor her absence the chairman of the meeting may appoint any person to act as secretary of the meeting. 

 

Section 1.7. Voting. (a) Except as otherwise provided by the Certificate of Incorporation or any Preferred Stock Designation, each stockholderentitled to vote at any meeting of stockholders shall be entitled to one vote for each share of stock held by such stockholder which has voting power on the matter in question. 

 

(b) Voting at meetings of stockholders need not be by written ballot and need not be conducted by inspectors of electionunless so required by Section 1.9 of these By-laws. Directors shall be elected by a plurality of the votes cast in the election of directors. Each other question shall, unless otherwise provided by law, the Certificate of Incorporation or theseBy-laws, be decided by the vote of the holders of stock having a majority of the votes which could be cast by the holders of all stock entitled to vote on such question which are present in person or by proxy at the meeting. 

 

(c) Stock of the Corporation standing in the name of another corporation andentitled to vote may be voted by such officer, agent or proxy as the by-laws or other internal regulations of such other corporation may prescribe or, in the absence of such provision, as the board of directors or comparable body of such othercorporation may determine. 

 

(d) Stock of the Corporationstanding in the name of a deceased person, a minor, an incompetent or a debtor in a case under Title 11, United States Code, and entitled to vote may be voted by an administrator, executor, guardian, conservator, debtor-in-possession or trustee, asthe case may be, either in person or by proxy, without transfer of such shares into the name of the official or other person so voting. 

 

(e) A stockholder whose voting stock of the Corporation is pledged shall be entitled to vote such stock unless on the transfer records of the Corporationthe pledgor has expressly empowered the pledgee to vote such shares, in which case only the pledgee, or such pledgee’s proxy, may represent such shares and vote thereon. 

 

(f) If voting stock is held of record in the names of two or more persons, whether fiduciaries, members of a partnership,joint tenants, tenants in common, tenants by the entirety or otherwise, or if two or more persons have the same fiduciary relationship respecting the same shares, unless the Secretary is given written notice to the contrary and is furnished with acopy of the instrument or order appointing them or creating the relationship wherein it is so provided, their acts with respect to voting shall have the following effect: (i) if only one votes, 

 

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such act binds all; (ii) if more than one vote, the act of the majority so voting binds all; and (iii) if more than one votes, but the vote is evenly spliton any particular matter each faction may vote such stock proportionally, or any person voting the shares, or a beneficiary, if any, may apply to the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware or such other court as may have jurisdiction to appointan additional person to act with the persons so voting the stock, which shall then be voted as determined by a majority of such persons and the person appointed by the Court. If the instrument so filed shows that any such tenancy is held in unequalinterests, a majority or even split for the purpose of this subsection shall be a majority or even split in interest. 

 

(g) Stock of the Corporation belonging to the Corporation, or to another corporation a majority of the shares entitled to vote in the election ofdirectors of which are held by the Corporation, shall not be voted at any meeting of stockholders and shall not be counted in the total number of outstanding shares for the purpose of determining whether a quorum is present. Nothing in this Section1.7 shall limit the right of the Corporation to vote shares of stock of the Corporation held by it in a fiduciary capacity. 

 

Section 1.8. Proxies. (a) Each stockholder entitled to vote at a meeting of stockholders may authorize another person or persons to act for suchstockholder by proxy filed with the Secretary before or at the time of the meeting. No such proxy shall be voted or acted upon after three years from its date, unless the proxy provides for a longer period. A duly executed proxy shall be irrevocableif it states that it is irrevocable and if, and only as long as, it is coupled with an interest sufficient in law to support an irrevocable power. A stockholder may revoke any proxy which is not irrevocable by attending the meeting and voting inperson or by filing with the Secretary an instrument in writing revoking the proxy or another duly executed proxy bearing a later date. 

 

(b) A stockholder may authorize another person or persons to act for such stockholder as proxy (i) by executing a writing authorizing such person orpersons to act as such, which execution may be accomplished by such stockholder or such stockholder’s authorized officer, director, partner, employee or agent (or, if the stock is held in a trust or estate, by a trustee, executor oradministrator thereof) signing such writing or causing his or her signature to be affixed to such writing by any reasonable means, including, but not limited to, facsimile signature, or (ii) by transmitting or authorizing the transmission of atelegram, cablegram or other means of electronic transmission (a “Transmission”) to the person who will be the holder of the proxy or to a proxy solicitation firm, proxy support service organization or like agent duly authorized by theperson who will be the holder of the proxy to receive such Transmission; provided that any such Transmission must either set forth or be submitted with information from which it can be determined that such Transmission was authorized by suchstockholder. 

 

(c) Any inspector or inspectors appointedpursuant to Section 1.9 of these By-Laws shall examine Transmissions to determine if they are valid. If no inspector or inspectors are so appointed, the Secretary or such other person or persons as shall be appointed from time to time by the Boardof Directors shall examine Transmissions to determine if they are valid. If it is determined a Transmission is valid, the person or persons making that determination shall specify the information upon which such person or persons relied. Any copy,facsimile telecommunication or other reliable reproduction of such a writing or Transmission may be substituted or used in lieu of the original writing or Transmission for any 

 

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and all purposes for which the original writing or Transmission could be used; provided that such copy, facsimile telecommunication or other reproductionshall be a complete reproduction of the entire original writing or Transmission. 

 

Section 1.9. Voting Procedures and Inspectors of Elections. (a) If the Corporation has a class of voting stock that is (i) listed on a national securities exchange, (ii) authorized for quotation on aninterdealer quotation system of a registered national securities association or (iii) held of record by more than 2,000 stockholders, the Board of Directors shall, in advance of any meeting of stockholders, appoint one or more inspectors(individually an “Inspector,” and collectively the “Inspectors”) to act at such meeting and make a written report thereof. The Board of Directors may designate one or more persons as alternate Inspectors to replace any Inspectorwho shall fail to act. If no Inspector or alternate is able to act at such meeting, the chairman of the meeting shall appoint one or more other persons to act as Inspectors. Each Inspector, before entering upon the discharge of his or her duties,shall take and sign an oath faithfully to execute the duties of Inspector with strict impartiality and according to the best of his or her ability. 

 

(b) The Inspectors shall (i) ascertain the number of shares of stock of the Corporation outstanding and the voting power of each, (ii) determine thenumber of shares of stock of the Corporation present in person or by proxy at such meeting and the validity of proxies and ballots, (iii) count all votes and ballots, (iv) determine and retain for a reasonable period of time a record of thedisposition of any challenges made to any determination by the Inspectors and (v) certify their determination of the number of such shares present in person or by proxy at such meeting and their count of all votes and ballots. The Inspectors mayappoint or retain other persons or entities to assist them in the performance of their duties. 

 

(c) The date and time of the opening and the closing of the polls for each matter upon which the stockholders will vote at a meeting shall be announced at such meeting. No ballots, proxies or votes, nor anyrevocations thereof or changes thereto, shall be accepted by the Inspectors after the closing of the polls unless the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware, upon application by any stockholder, shall determine otherwise. 

 

(d) In determining the validity and counting of proxies and ballots, theInspectors shall be limited to an examination of the proxies, any envelopes submitted with such proxies, any information referred to in paragraphs (b) and (c) of Section 1.8 of these By-laws, ballots and the regular books and records of theCorporation, except that the Inspectors may consider other reliable information for the limited purpose of reconciling proxies and ballots submitted by or on behalf of banks, brokers, their nominees or similar persons which represent more votes thanthe holder of a proxy is authorized by a stockholder of record to cast or more votes than such stockholder holds of record. If the Inspectors consider other reliable information for the limited purpose permitted herein, the Inspectors, at the timethey make their certification pursuant to paragraph (b) of this Section 1.9, shall specify the precise information considered by them, including the person or persons from whom such information was obtained, when and the means by which suchinformation was obtained and the basis for the Inspectors’ belief that such information is accurate and reliable. 

 

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Section 1.10. Fixing Date of Determination of Stockholders of Record. (a) In order that theCorporation may determine the stockholders entitled (i) to notice of or to vote at any meeting of stockholders or any adjournment thereof, (ii) to receive payment of any dividend or other distribution or allotment of any rights, (iii) to exerciseany rights in respect of any change, conversion or exchange of stock or (iv) to take, receive or participate in any other action, the Board of Directors may fix a record date, which shall not be earlier than the date upon which the resolution fixingthe record date is adopted by the Board of Directors and which (1) in the case of a determination of stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at any meeting of stockholders or adjournment thereof, shall, unless otherwise required by law, be notmore than 60 nor less than ten days before the date of such meeting; and (2) in the case of any other action, shall be not more than 60 days before such action. 

 

(b) If no record date is fixed, (i) the record date for determining stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall beat the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which notice is given, or, if notice is waived, at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which the meeting is held; and (ii) the record date for determiningstockholders for any other purpose shall be at the close of business on the day on which the Board of Directors adopts the resolution relating thereto. 

 

(c) A determination of stockholders of record entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall apply to any adjournment of the meeting,but the Board of Directors may fix a new record date for the adjourned meeting. 

 

Section 1.11. List of Stockholders Entitled to Vote. The Secretary shall prepare, at least ten days before every meeting of stockholders, a complete list of the stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting,arranged in alphabetical order, and showing the address and the number of shares registered in the name of each stockholder. Such list shall be open to the examination of any stockholder, for any purpose germane to the meeting, during ordinarybusiness hours, for a period of at least ten days prior to the meeting, either at a place within the city where the meeting is to be held, which place shall be specified in the notice of meeting, or, if not so specified, at the place where themeeting is to be held. The list shall also be produced and kept at the time and place of the meeting during the whole time thereof and may be inspected by any stockholder who is present. The stock ledger shall be the only evidence as to who are thestockholders entitled to examine the stock ledger or the list of stockholders, or to vote in person or by proxy at any meeting of stockholders. 

 

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ARTICLE II 

 

Board of Directors 

 

Section 2.1. Number. The Board of Directors shall consist of one or more directors, the number thereof to be determined from time to time byresolution adopted by affirmative vote of the whole Board of Directors. 

 

Section 2.2. Election; Resignation; Vacancies. (a) At each annual meeting at which the term of office of a class of directors expires, the stockholders shall elect directors of such class each to hold office until the annual meetingat which the terms of office of such class of directors expire and the election and qualification of his or her successor, or until his or her earlier death, resignation or removal. 

 

(b) Only persons who are nominated in accordance with the procedures set forth in this paragraph (b) shall be eligible forelection as directors of the Corporation. Nominations of persons for election to the Board of Directors may be made at a meeting of stockholders by the Board of Directors or by any stockholder of the Corporation entitled to vote in the election ofdirectors at the meeting who complies with the notice procedures set forth in this paragraph (b). Any nomination by a stockholder must be made by written notice to the Secretary of the Corporation delivered or mailed to and received at the principalexecutive offices of the Corporation: (i) with respect to an election to be held at an annual meeting of stockholders, not less than 90 days nor more than 120 days prior to the anniversary date of the immediately preceding annual meeting;provided, however, that in the event that no annual meeting was held in the previous year or the annual meeting is called for a date that is advanced or delayed by more than 30 days from the anniversary date of the precedingyear’s annual meeting date, written notice by the stockholder in order to be timely must be so received not later than the close of business of the later of (A) the day that is 90 days prior to such annual meeting or (B) the 10th day followingthe day on which (1) notice of the date of the special meeting was mailed or (2) public disclosure of the date of the annual meeting was made, whichever occurs first, and (ii) with respect to an election to be held at a special meeting ofstockholders called for the purpose of electing directors, not later than the close of business the 10th day following the day on which (1) notice of the date of the special meeting was mailed or (2) public disclosure of the date of the specialmeeting was made, whichever occurs first. Notwithstanding the preceding sentence, for the Corporation’s 2004 annual meeting, written notice by the stockholders must be received by May 28, 2004 in order to be timely. In the event that the dateby which written notice by the stockholder must be received falls on a Saturday, Sunday or federal holiday, then the notice will be timely if received on the next succeeding business day. Delivery shall be by hand, or by certified or registeredmail, return receipt requested. In no event shall the public announcement of an adjournment of any annual or special meeting commence a new time period for the giving of a stockholder notice as described above. A stockholder’s notice to theSecretary shall set forth (x) as to each person whom the stockholder proposes to nominate for election or re-election as a director: (1) the name, age, business address and residence address of such person, (2) the principal occupation or employmentof such person, (3) the class and number of shares of stock of the Corporation which are beneficially owned by such person (as defined under Sections 13 and 14 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended), (4) any other information relatingto such person that would be required to be disclosed in solicitations of proxies for the election of such person as a director of the Corporation pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, had the nominee beennominated by the Board of Directors, and (5) such person’s written consent to being named in any proxy statement as a nominee and to serving as a director if elected; and (y) as to the stockholder giving notice: (1) the name and address, asthey appear on the Corporation’s records, of such stockholder, (2) the class and number of shares of stock of the Corporation which are beneficially owned by such stockholder (determined as provided in 

 

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clause (x)(3) above), (3) a representation that the stockholder is a holder of record of stock of the Corporation entitled to vote on the election ofdirectors at such meeting and that such stockholder intends to appear in person or by proxy at the meeting to nominate the person or persons specified in the notice, and (4) a description of all agreements, arrangements or understandings between thestockholder and each nominee of the stockholder and any other person or persons (naming such person or persons) pursuant to which the nomination or nominations are to be made by the stockholder. At the request of the Board of Directors any personnominated by the Board of Directors for election as a director shall furnish to the Secretary that information required to be set forth in a stockholder’s notice of nomination which pertains to the nominee. The chairman of the meeting at whicha stockholder nomination is presented shall, if the facts warrant, determine and declare to the meeting that such nomination was not made in accordance with the procedures prescribed by this paragraph (b), and, in such event, the defectivenomination shall be disregarded. 

 

(c) Any director may resignat any time by giving written notice to the Chairman of the Board, if any, the President or the Secretary. Unless otherwise stated in a notice of resignation, it shall take effect when received by the officer to whom it is directed, without any needfor its acceptance. 

 

Section 2.3. Regular Meetings.Unless otherwise determined by the Board of Directors, a regular annual meeting of the Board of Directors shall be held, without call or notice, immediately after and at the same place as the annual meeting of stockholders, for the purpose oforganizing the Board of Directors, electing officers and transacting any other business that may properly come before such meeting. Additional regular meetings of the Board of Directors may be held without call or notice at such times as shall befixed by resolution of the Board of Directors. 

 

Section 2.4.Special Meetings. Special meetings of the Board of Directors may be called by the Chairman of the Board, if any, or by any member of the Board of Directors. Notice of a special meeting of the Board of Directors shall be given by the person orpersons calling the meeting at least twenty-four hours before the special meeting. The purpose or purposes of a special meeting need not be stated in the call or notice. 

 

Section 2.5. Organization. Meetings of the Board of Directors shall be presided over by the Chairman of the Board, ifany, or if there is none or in his or her absence, by a chairman chosen at the meeting. The Secretary shall act as secretary of the meeting, but in his or her absence the chairman of the meeting may appoint any person to act as secretary of themeeting. A majority of the directors present at a meeting, whether or not they constitute a quorum, may adjourn such meeting to any other date, time or place without notice other than announcement at the meeting. 

 

Section 2.6. Quorum; Vote Required for Action. At all meetings of theBoard of Directors a majority of the whole Board of Directors shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business. Unless the Certificate of Incorporation or these By-laws otherwise provide, the vote of a majority of the directors present at ameeting at which a quorum is present shall be the act of the Board of Directors. 

 

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Section 2.7. Committees. The Board of Directors may, by resolution passed by a majority of thewhole Board of Directors, designate one or more committees, each committee to consist of one or more directors of the Corporation. The Board of Directors may designate one or more directors as alternate members of any committee, who may replace anyabsent or disqualified member at any meeting of the committee. Any such committee, to the extent permitted by law and provided in the resolution of the Board of Directors designating such committee, or an amendment to such resolution, shall have andmay exercise all the powers and authority of the Board of Directors in the management of the business and affairs of the Corporation, and may authorize the seal of the Corporation to be affixed to all papers which may require it. 

 

Section 2.8. Telephonic Meetings. Directors, or any committee ofdirectors designated by the Board of Directors, may participate in a meeting of the Board of Directors or such committee by means of conference telephone or similar communications equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meetingcan hear each other, and participation in a meeting pursuant to this Section 2.8 shall constitute presence in person at such meeting. 

 

Section 2.9. Informal Action by Directors. Unless otherwise restricted by the Certificate of Incorporation or these By-laws, any action required orpermitted to be taken at any meeting of the Board of Directors, or of any committee thereof, may be taken without a meeting if all members of the Board of Directors or such committee, as the case may be, consent thereto in writing (which may be incounterparts), and the written consent or consents are filed with the minutes of proceedings of the Board of Directors or such committee. 

 

Section 2.10. Committee Rules. Unless the Board of Directors otherwise provides, each committee designated by the Board of Directors may make,alter and repeal rules for the conduct of its business. In the absence of such rules each committee shall conduct its business in the same manner as the Board of Directors conducts its business pursuant to this Article II of these By-laws.

 

Section 2.11 Reliance upon Records. Every director, andevery member of any committee of the Board of Directors, shall, in the performance of his or her duties, be fully protected in relying in good faith upon the records of the Corporation and upon such information, opinions, reports or statementspresented to the Corporation by any of its officers or employees, or committees of the Board of Directors, or by any other person as to matters the director or member reasonably believes are within such other person’s professional or expertcompetence and who has been selected with reasonable care by or on behalf of the Corporation, including, but not limited to, such records, information, opinions, reports or statements as to the value and amount of the assets, liabilities and/or netprofits of the Corporation, or any other facts pertinent to the existence and amount of surplus or other funds from which dividends might properly be declared and paid, or with which the Corporation’s capital stock might properly be purchasedor redeemed. 

 

Section 2.12 Interested Directors. Adirector who is directly or indirectly a party to a contract or transaction with the Corporation, or is a director or officer of or has a financial interest in any other corporation, partnership, association or other organization which is a party toa contract or transaction with the Corporation, may be counted in determining whether 

 

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a quorum is present at any meeting of the Board of Directors or a committee thereof at which such contract or transaction is considered or authorized, andsuch director may participate in such meeting and vote on such authorization to the extent permitted by applicable law, including Section 144 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware. 

 

Section 2.13 Compensation. The Board of Directors shall have theauthority to fix the compensation of directors. The directors shall be paid their reasonable expenses, if any, of attendance at each meeting of the Board of Directors or a committee thereof and may be paid a fixed sum for attendance at each suchmeeting and an annual retainer or salary for services as a director or committee member. No such payment shall preclude any director from serving the Corporation in any other capacity and receiving compensation therefor. 

 

Section 2.14 Presumption of Assent. Unless otherwise provided by thelaws of the State of Delaware, a director who is present at a meeting of the Board of Directors or a committee thereof at which action is taken on any matter shall be presumed to have assented to the action taken unless his or her dissent shall beentered in the minutes of such meeting or unless he or she shall file his or her written dissent to such action with the person acting as secretary of such meeting before the adjournment thereof or shall forward such dissent by registered mail tothe Secretary immediately after the adjournment of such meeting. Such right to dissent shall not apply to a director who voted in favor of such action. 

 

ARTICLE III 

 

Officers 

 

Section 3.1. Executive Officers; Election; Qualification; Term of Office. The Board of Directors shall elect a Chief Executive Officer or Co-Chief Executive Officers and may elect, if it so determines, a Chairman or Co-Chairman ofthe Board from among its members. The Board of Directors shall also elect a President or Co-Presidents and a Secretary and may elect one or more Vice Presidents, one or more Assistant Secretaries, a Treasurer and one or more Assistant Treasurers.Any number of offices may be held by the same person. Each officer shall hold office until the first meeting of the Board of Directors after the annual meeting of stockholders next succeeding his or her election, and until his or her successor iselected and qualified or until his or her earlier death, resignation or removal. 

 

Section 3.2. Resignation; Removal; Vacancies. Any officer may resign at any time by giving written notice to the Chairman of the Board, if any, the Chief Executive Officer or the Secretary. Unless otherwisestated in a notice of resignation, it shall take effect when received by the person to whom it is directed, without any need for its acceptance. The Board of Directors may remove any officer with or without cause at any time, but such removal shallbe without prejudice to the contractual rights of such officer, if any, with the Corporation. A vacancy occurring in any office of the Corporation may be filled for the unexpired portion of the term thereof by the Board of Directors at any regularor special meeting. 

 

Section 3.3. Powers and Duties ofOfficers. The officers of the Corporation shall have such powers and duties in the management of the Corporation as may be prescribed by the 

 

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Board of Directors and, to the extent not so provided, as generally pertain to their respective offices, subject to the control of the Board of Directors.

 

Section 3.4. Chief Executive Officer. The ChiefExecutive Officer of the Corporation shall in general supervise and control all of the business affairs of the Corporation, subject to the direction of the Board of Directors. The Chief Executive Officer may execute, in the name and on behalf of theCorporation, any deeds, mortgages, bonds, contracts or other instruments which the Board of Directors or a committee thereof has authorized to be executed, except in cases where the execution shall have been expressly delegated by the Board ofDirectors or a committee thereof to some other officer or agent of the corporation. Unless otherwise designated by the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer shall also be the President of the Corporation. 

 

Section 3.5. Secretary. In addition to such other duties, if any, asmay be assigned to the Secretary by the Board of Directors, the Chairman of the Board, if any, or the Chief Executive Officer, the Secretary shall (i) keep the minutes of proceedings of the stockholders, the Board of Directors and any committee ofthe Board of Directors in one or more books provided for that purpose; (ii) see that all notices are duly given in accordance with the provisions of these By-laws or as required by law; (iii) be the custodian of the records and seal of theCorporation; (iv) affix or cause to be affixed the seal of the Corporation or a facsimile thereof, and attest the seal by his or her signature, to all certificates for shares of stock of the Corporation and to all other documents the execution ofwhich under seal is authorized by the Board of Directors; and (v) unless such duties have been delegated by the Board of Directors to a transfer agent of the Corporation, keep or cause to be kept a register of the name and address of eachstockholder, as the same shall be furnished to the Secretary by such stockholder, and have general charge of the stock transfer records of the Corporation. 

 

ARTICLE IV 

 

Stock Certificates and Transfers 

 

Section 4.1. Certificate. Every holder of stock shall be entitled to have a certificate signed by or in the name of the Corporation by the Chairman of the Board, if any, or the President or a Vice President,and by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary, of the Corporation, certifying the number of shares owned by such stockholder in the Corporation. Any or all of the signatures on the certificate may be facsimile, stamp or other imprint. In case anyofficer, transfer agent, or registrar who has signed or whose facsimile, stamp or other imprint signature has been placed upon a certificate shall have ceased to be such officer, transfer agent or registrar before such certificate is issued, it maybe issued by the Corporation with the same effect as if such officer, transfer agent, or registrar continued to be such at the date of issue. 

 

Section 4.2. Lost, Stolen or Destroyed Certificates; Issuance of New Certificates. The Corporation may issue a new certificate for stock in theplace of any certificate theretofore issued by it, alleged to have been lost, stolen or destroyed, and the Corporation may require the owner of the lost, stolen or destroyed certificate, or such stockholder’s legal representative, to give theCorporation a bond sufficient to indemnify it against any claim that may be made 

 

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against it on account of the alleged loss, theft or destruction of any such certificate or the issuance of such new certificate. 

 

4.3 Transfers of Stock. Upon surrender to the Corporation or thetransfer agent of the Corporation of a certificate for stock of the Corporation duly endorsed or accompanied by proper evidence of succession, assignment or authority to transfer or, if the relevant stock certificate is claimed to have been lost,stolen or destroyed, upon compliance with the provisions of Section 4.2 of these By-laws, and upon payment of applicable taxes with respect to such transfer, and in compliance with any restrictions on transfer applicable to such stock certificate orthe shares represented thereby of which the Corporation shall have notice and subject to such rules and regulations as the Board of Directors may from time to time deem advisable concerning the transfer and registration of stock certificates, theCorporation shall issue a new certificate or certificates for such stock to the person entitled thereto, cancel the old certificate and record the transaction upon its books. Transfers of stock shall be made only on the books of the Corporation bythe registered holder thereof or by such holder’s attorney or successor duly authorized as evidenced by documents filed with the Secretary or transfer agent of the Corporation. Whenever any transfer of stock shall be made for collateralsecurity, and not absolutely, it shall be so expressed in the entry of transfer if, when the certificate or certificates representing such stock are presented to the Corporation for transfer, both the transferor and transferee request theCorporation to do so. 

 

Section 4.4 Stockholders ofRecord. The Corporation shall be entitled to treat the holder of record of any stock of the Corporation as the holder thereof and shall not be bound to recognize any equitable or other claim to or interest in such stock on the part of any otherperson, whether or not it shall have express or other notice thereof, except as otherwise required by the laws of the State of Delaware. 

 

ARTICLE V 

 

Notices 

 

Section 5.1. Manner of Notice. Except as otherwise provided by law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these By-laws, whenever notice is required to be given to any stockholder, director or member of any committee of the Board ofDirectors, such notice may be given by (i) personal delivery, (ii) by depositing it, in a sealed envelope, in the United States mails, first class, postage prepaid, addressed, (iii) by delivering to a company for overnight or second day mail ordelivery, (iv) by delivering it to a telegraph company, charges prepaid, for transmission, or by transmitting it via telecopier, or (v) by any other reliable means (including electronic or Internet mail or transmission) to such stockholder, directoror member, either at the address of such stockholder, director or member as it appears on the records of the Corporation or, in the case of such a director or member, at his or her business address; and such notice shall be deemed to be given at thetime when it is thus personally delivered, deposited, delivered or transmitted, as the case may be. Such requirement for notice shall also be deemed satisfied, except in the case of stockholder meetings, if actual notice is received orally or byother writing by the person entitled thereto as far in advance of the event with respect to which notice is being given as the minimum notice period required by law or these By-laws. 

 

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Section 5.2. Dispensation with Notice. (a) Whenever notice is required to be given by law, theCertificate of Incorporation or these By-laws to any stockholder to whom (i) notice of two consecutive annual meetings of stockholders, and all notices of meetings of stockholders to such stockholder during the period between such two consecutiveannual meetings, or (ii) all, and at least two, payments (if sent by first class mail) of dividends or interest on securities of the Corporation during a 12-month period, have been mailed addressed to such stockholder at the address of suchstockholder as shown on the records of the Corporation and have been returned undeliverable, the giving of such notice to such stockholder shall not be required. Any action or meeting which shall be taken or held without notice to such stockholdershall have the same force and effect as if such notice had been duly given. If any such stockholder shall deliver to the Corporation a written notice setting forth the then current address of such stockholder, the requirement that notice be given tosuch stockholder shall be reinstated. 

 

(b) Whenever notice isrequired to be given by law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these By-laws to any person with whom communication is unlawful, the giving of such notice to such person shall not be required, and there shall be no duty to apply to any governmentalauthority or agency for a license or permit to give such notice to such person. Any action or meeting which shall be taken or held without notice to any such person with whom communication is unlawful shall have the same force and effect as if suchnotice had been duly given. 

 

Section 5.3. Waivers ofNotice. Any written waiver of notice, signed by the person entitled to notice, whether before or after the time stated therein, shall be deemed equivalent to notice. Attendance of a person at a meeting shall constitute a waiver of notice of suchmeeting, except when the person attends a meeting for the express purpose of objecting, at the beginning of the meeting, to the transaction of any business because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened. Neither the business to be transactedat, nor the purpose of any regular special meeting of the stockholders, directors, or members of a committee or directors need be specified in any written waiver of notice. 

 

ARTICLE VI 

 

General 

 

Section 6.1. Fiscal year. The fiscal year of the Corporation shall be determined by resolution of the Board of Directors. Absent any contraryresolution, the fiscal year shall end on December 31 of each year. 

 

Section 6.2. Seal. The corporate seal shall have the name of the Corporation inscribed thereon and shall be in such form as may be approved from time to time by the Board of Directors. 

 

Section 6.3. Form of Records. Any records maintained by theCorporation in the regular course of its business, including its stock ledger, books of account, and minute books, may be kept on, or be in the form of, punch cards, magnetic tape, photographs, microphotographs, electronic format or any otherinformation storage device, provided that the records so kept can be converted into clearly legible form within a reasonable time. The 

 

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Corporation shall so convert any records so kept upon the request of any person entitled to inspect the same. 

 

Section 6.4. Amendment of By-Laws. These By-laws may be altered orrepealed, and new By-laws made, by the majority vote of the whole Board of Directors, but the stockholders may make additional By-laws and may alter and repeal any By-laws whether adopted by them or otherwise by the affirmative vote of the holdersof at least sixty six and two-thirds percent (662/3%) of the outstanding voting power of the Corporation’scapital stock entitled to vote thereon, voting together as a single class. 

 

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