#### UNITED STATES v. ONE STUDEBAKER CAR.

First Division. Juneau.

August 22, 1924.

No. 2323-A.

Intoxicating Liquors <&wkey;439, 250 — New Trial — Forfeiture of Liquor in Car Not Necessarily Forfeiture of the Car — Evidence.

Where an automobile is used by tbe occupant to carry liquor, and no defense is interposed by him or by any owner of tbe liquor, it is forfeited for violation of tbe law. Tbe owner claimed tbe car and denied the allegations of tbe libel against tbe car. On trial tbe court instructed tbe jury that, since no question was made about tbe liquor in tbe car being tjbere in violation of tbe law, tbe car was also necessarily forfeited, and tbe jury was instructed to return a verdict of forfeiture against tbe car. On motion for a new trial for error in that ruling, *held,*tbe mere possession of spirituous liquor, whether tax-paid or not, in this jurisdiction, is a violation of tbe Prohibition Act; but wbetber tbe owner of tbe car was guilty of removing, concealing, or depositing tbe liquor with intent to evade tbe provisions of tbe Prohibition Act was a question of fact for tbe jury, and no presumption should have been indulged in as to tbe intent of tbe owner of tbe ear; new trial granted.

This action, was brought upon a libel of information for the condemnation of one Studebaker touring car, serial No. 3005797, and accessories, and a certain lot of moonshine whisky seized for violation of section 3450, R. S. U. S. (26 USCA §§ 1181, 1182 [TJ. S. Comp. St. § 6352]), in that the internal revenue tax on the whisky had not been paid, and that the same was removed, deposited, and concealed in the car with intent to evade payment of the tax. A monition was duly issued on August 15, 1923, specially requiring Jack Holmes, Gus Peterson, and the Marshall & Newman Company, as owners of the. property seized, to appear and interpose their cláims, if any they had, and show cause why condemnation should not be had. Within the time prescribed, the Marshall ,& Newman Company appeared and interposed a claim for the touring car and accessories, and thereafter filed an answer, denying all the allegations of the libel of information. Jack Holmes and Gus Peterson interposed no claim on their own behalf, and made default, and no claim was made by any person for the whisky, seized.

*237A. G. Shoup, of San Jose, Cal., for the United States.

'Hellenthal & Hellenthal, of Juneau, for.claimant.

REED, District Judge.

The pleadings were settled early in May, 1924, and on the 19th of that month the case came on for trial before a jury. At the conclusion of the evidence, the jury were instructed by the court to bring in a verdict for the libelant, condemning the car in question. The evidence in the case clearly showed that the liquor was moonshine whisky, and one of the containers was a five-gallon keg filled with moonshine whisky; that no tax stamp was on the container, as required by law, and there was no issue ma,de, by any claimant of the whisky, that the same was manufactured in accordance with the provisions of the revenue law. Under section 3333 of the Revised Statutes (26 USCA § 327 [U. S. Comp. St. § 6130]), the burden was on the claimant of the whisky to show that the provisions of the law, in relation to distilled spirits, had been fully complied with, and, there being a default of any testimony on that behalf, a condemnation naturally followed.

The question before the court, at the conclusion of the trial, was whether the Studebaker automobile was to be condemned for being a vehicle in which the liquor aforesaid had been deposited, concealed, or removed with intent to evade payment of the tax. The court at that time was under the impression that, as the whisky had been condemned and forfeited to the United States for violation of section 3450, R. S., through the default of any claimant, the car in which the liquor had been deposited was to be presumed to be also forfeited, as being a vehicle in which said liquor was deposited, removed, or concealed with intent to evade payment of the tax.

I am convinced now that it was error to so instruct the jury when an issue had been made by the pleadings in the case. The fact that there was condemnation of the liquor under section 3450, R. S., through the default of the owner or claimant of the liquor, is not presumptive evidence as to other parties appearing on their own behalf, denying that the liquor was deposited, concealed, or removed in the car, with intent to evade payment of the tax. The Marshall & Newman Company, claiming the touring car, presented, by their answer, a direct issue on all the allegations of the information, and, as *238to the thing itself, the touring car, the issues were: First, was the tax due on the whisky? Second, was the whisky removed, concealed, or deposited with intent to evade payment of the tax? And, third, was the touring car used as a means to deposit, conceal, or remove the whisky with such intent? The testimony showed conclusively that the tax was due and unpaid, and that the whisky was forfeited for that reason; but the further questions, as to whether the whisky was removed, concealed, or deposited with intent to evade payment- of the tax, and whether the vehicle mentioned was used as a means of so doing, with intent to evade payment of the tax, were questions of fact, to be determined from the evidence.

The question, then, before the court, was: Could intent be presumed from the fact that the uncontradicted testimony showed that the whisky was placed in the car by Peterson, the presumable owner of the whisky? A careful consideration of the matter leads' me to the conclusion that in this class of cases no presumption of intent can be presumed. The mere possession of spirituous liquor, whether tax-paid or not, in this jurisdiction, is a violation of the prohibition law. In fact, in this case, the defendant Holmes was convicted for a violation of the National Prohibition Law by having transported the liquor forfeited herein. Whether, then, although the tax had not been paid on the liquor, such liquor was removed, concealed, or deposited with intent to evade payment of the tax, or to evade the provisions of the Prohibition Act, was a question of fact for the jury, and no presumption should have been indulged in as to the intent of the owner of the liquor. It is a question to be determined by the jury from all the facts and circumstances in the case.

There was no direct testimony as to the intent of the owner of the liquor, Peterson. He simply made default, and the liquor was condemned under section 3333, R. S. The difficulty running through all this class of cases has been the application of the revenue statute, taxing liquor, in the face of the prohibition against the manufacture and possession thereof, and to indulge in the presumption of intent to evade the tax, in the fact of the prohibition law denying the right .of possession of liquor, through default of the owner of the liquor as against a third party, is not in accordance with the law.

It seems to me, therefore, that the motion for a new trial should be granted;' and it will be so ordered.

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