FILED

July 31, 1997

Cecil Crowson, Jr.

Appellate Court Clerk

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF TENNESSEE

WESTERN SECTION AT JACKSON

 ______________________________________________

ANDREA Y. JOHNSON, 

Plaintiff-Appellee,

Shelby Circuit No. 127514 R.D.

Vs. C.A. No. 02A01-9608-CH-00194

CLINISSON A. JOHNSON, 

Defendant-Appellant.

____________________________________________________________________________

THE HONORABLE JOE C. MORRIS, CHANCELLOR

Sitting By Designation

Mimi Phillips; Phillips, Howard & Grubb of Memphis

For Appellee

A. C. Wharton, Jr.; Wharton & Wharton & Associates of Memphis

For Appellant

AFFIRMED

Opinion filed: 

W. FRANK CRAWFORD,

PRESIDING JUDGE, W.S.

CONCUR:

ALAN E. HIGHERS, JUDGE

DAVID R. FARMER, JUDGE

This appeal involves a post-divorce petition. Defendant, Clinisson A. Johnson

(Husband), appeals from the judgment of the trial court ordering the immediate payment of
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Husband’s pension awarded in the trial court’s prior distribution of the marital property and

awarding attorney’s fees to plaintiff, Andrea Y. Johnson (Wife).

The parties were divorced by final decree entered April 17, 1990, ending a marriage of

sixteen years. The divorce was granted to both parties on the grounds of irreconcilable

differences. The parties entered into a marital dissolution agreement, which was approved and

incorporated into the final decree by the trial court.

During the marriage, the parties owned a residence valued at $75,000.00, household

furnishings worth approximately $2,000.00, and two cars with an undisclosed value. Pursuant

to the martial dissolution agreement, Wife was entitled to purchase Husband’s equity in the

residence, and after consummation of the sale, Wife was to become the sole owner of the

residence. She was also responsible for both mortgages. Wife was awarded one of the

automobiles and the household furnishings in the residence. Husband was awarded his personal

property in his separate residence and the other automobile. 

Husband is employed by the Shelby County Government. It appears from the record that

Husband’s monthly take home salary is $4,795.35. Wife’s net monthly income is $1,520.00.

Wife has custody of the parties’ three minor children.

The parties each filed multiple petitions for contempt against the other at various stages

of the divorce proceedings. The parties appeared before the trial court numerous times, both

before and after the entry of the final decree of divorce. Finally, on June 26, 1995, Wife filed

a petition titled “Petition to Reduce Claim to Final Judgment for Breach of Contract.” In the

petition, Wife alleges that Husband failed to pay her the one-half of his pension that she was

awarded pursuant to the marital dissolution agreement. She claims that she is entitled to

$4,424.06 from Husband’s pension and that she is owed interest on that amount at the rate of

$1.21 per day.

The marital dissolution agreement states in pertinent part:

The Second Party (Husband) is the owner of a pension vested by

way of his employment with the City of Memphis and Shelby

County Government. It is agreed that the party of the first party

[sic] (Wife) is entitled to 1⁄2 the value of this pension as of April

11, 1990 and that said entitlement shall be based upon the period
1

 The trial court heard arguments concerning other petitions, as well as Wife’s June

26, 1995 petition. The only issues relevant to this appeal concern Husband’s pension and the

award of attorney’s fees. 

3

of marriage of the parties May 5, 1973 to April 10, 1990, with

said benefits being based only on those that accrued during the

term of the marriage. First Party waives and relinquishes any

claim or rights of any type to the other 1⁄2 of the Second Party’s

interest in his pension.

After a hearing on January 26, 1996,1

 the trial court entered an order in favor of Wife.

In its order, the trial court found, inter alia, that Wife was entitled to $4,424.06 of Husband’s

Shelby County Government Pension that was awarded originally in the marital dissolution

agreement. The trial court also awarded interest in the amount of $1.21 per day. In the order,

the trial court stated in pertinent part:

[T]he Court specifically finds that the Plaintiff became entitled to

receive the portion of Defendant’s pension awarded to her at the

time the Final Decree of Divorce was entered, and, accordingly,

that she is also entitled to interest on the principal amount from

and after April 17, 1990, the date on which the Final Decree of

Divorce was entered, as is more specifically set. The Court

specifically finds that simple interest on the principal amount has

accrued at the rate of $1.21 a day, and that as of January 26, 1996

judgment has accrued in the amount of $2,493.12, for a total

judgment of principal and interest of $6,917.18.

The trial court also awarded attorney’s fees, incurred from February 1994 until the date of the

hearing in the amount of $7,010.29, to Wife that she paid “to secure the Defendant’s compliance

with Orders of this Court.”

Husband appeals the judgment of the trial court and presents two issues for 

review: 1) whether the trial court erred by ordering the immediate payment of Husband’s

pension benefits to Wife, and 2) whether the trial court erred in awarding attorney’s fees to Wife.

Since this case was tried by the court sitting without a jury, we review the case de novo

upon the record with a presumption of correctness of the findings of fact by the trial court.
4

Unless the evidence preponderates against the findings, we must affirm, absent error of law.

T.R.A.P. 13(d).

In his first issue, Husband does not dispute that Wife is entitled to one-half of his pension

pursuant to the marital dissolution agreement, and he concedes that pension benefits are marital

property. See T.C.A. § 36-4-121(b)(1)(B) (1996); Cohen v. Cohen, 937 S.W.2d 823, 830

(Tenn. 1996). However, Husband argues that Wife is not entitled to an immediate distribution

of one-half of his pension benefits. First, Husband argues that Tennessee courts recognize two

methods of valuing and distributing pensions and that the trial court in this case used the wrong

method. In Cohen, the Tennessee Supreme Court discussed the valuation and distribution of

pension benefits:

 The difficulty in dividing future benefits is aided by the use of

elastic, equitable approaches. Most courts use one of two

techniques. The first approach, known as the present cash value

method, requires the trial court to place a present value on the

retirement benefit as of the date of the final decree. To determine

the present cash value, the anticipated number of months the

employee spouse will collect the benefits (based on life

expectancy) is multiplied by the current retirement benefit

payable under the plan. This gross benefit figure is then

discounted to present value allowing for various factors such as

mortality, interest, inflation, and any applicable taxes. Once the

present cash value is calculated, the court may award the

retirement benefits to the employee-spouse and offset that award

by distributing to the other spouse some portion of the marital

estate that is equivalent to the spouse’s share of the retirement

interest. The present cash value method is preferable if the

employee-spouse’s retirement benefits can be accurately valued,

if retirement is likely to occur in the near future, and if the marital

estate includes sufficient assets to offset the award.

 In other circumstances in which the vesting or maturation is

uncertain or in which the retirement benefit is the parties’ greatest

or only economic asset, courts have used the “deferred

distribution” or “retained jurisdiction” method to distribute

unvested retirement benefits. This method has distinct

advantages when the risk of forfeiture is great. Under such an

approach, it is unnecessary to determine the present value of the

retirement benefit. Rather, the court may determine the formula

for dividing the monthly benefit at the time of the decree, but

delay the actual distribution until the benefits become payable.

The marital property interest is often expressed as a fraction or a

percentage of the employee spouse’s monthly benefit. The

percentage may be derived by dividing the number of months of

the marriage during which the benefits accrued by the total

number of months during which the retirement benefits

accumulate before being paid. 

 One advantage to the deferred distribution method is that it

allows an equitable division without requiring present payment

for a benefit not yet realized and potentially never obtained.

Another advantage to the approach is that it equally apportions
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any risk of forfeiture. While a disadvantage may be that the

approach requires a trial court to retain jurisdiction to oversee the

payment, the entry of an order awarding a certain percentage of

the benefits at the time of payment should lessen the

administrative burden of the court. Courts routinely retain

jurisdiction to supervise payments of alimony and child support

and have, in the past, successfully divided vested pension rights

by awarding each spouse a share. An administrative burden

should not excuse an inequitable distribution of marital property.

Cohen, 937 S.W.2d at 831 (citations omitted).

Husband argues that the marital estate has been overextended and that there are

insufficient funds from which to offset an immediate judgment of one-half of his pension. He

asserts that the distribution of the pension benefits should be in accordance with the “delayed

distribution” or “retained jurisdiction” method.

The choice of valuation method remains within the sound discretion of the trial court to

determine after consideration of all relevant factors and circumstances. Cohen, 937 S.W.2d at

831. We believe that the trial court properly exercised its discretion in choosing the “present

cash value” method. First, vesting or maturation of Husband’s pension is certain, and the parties

easily determined the present value of the pension benefits at the time of the divorce. The

pension benefits were accurately valued at $8,848.12, with Wife’s one-half share as $4,424.06.

In addition, the pension benefits are not the parties’ only or greatest asset. We believe that, in

light of Husband’s monthly net income, there are sufficient funds from which to offset an

immediate judgment of the pension. 

Husband next argues that state pension benefits are protected from execution, attachment,

or garnishment by statute. T.C.A. § 26-2-104 (a) provides as follows:

All moneys received by a resident of the state, as pension from

the state of Tennessee, or any subdivision or municipality thereof,

before receipt, or while in his hands or upon deposit in the bank,

shall be exempt from execution, attachment or garnishment other

than an order for assignment of support issued under § 36-5-501,

whether such pensioner is the head of a family or not.

T.C.A. § 26-2-104 (a) (Supp. 1996). Husband argues that the trial court subjected his pension

funds to “execution, attachment or garnishment” because he has no other funds from which to

satisfy the judgment. He asserts that the trial court did not order him to “cash out or borrow

against” his pension, and therefore, he is protected by statute.

In Boyd v. Boyd, No. 02A01-9210-CH-00294, 1993 WL 8379 (Tenn. App. Jan. 20,
6

1993), this Court considered the effect of T.C.A. § 26-2-104(a) on the distribution of pension

benefits in a divorce action:

The statute clearly renders exempt from execution, attachment or

garnishment all money received by a resident of the state as a

pension from the State of Tennessee. Coke v. Coke, 560 S.W.2d

631 (Tenn. App. 1977). However, we do not construe the statute

to mean that the court in a divorce action is prohibited from

making an award to the other spouse. T.C.A. § 36-4-121(b)(1)(B)

does not exclude a state employee’s pension from the definition

of marital property.

Boyd, 1993 WL 8379, at *2. The Court found that the evidence did not preponderate against the

trial court’s findings and allowed the distribution. Id. However, the distribution was not to be

made until the husband’s retirement. Id.

In Malik v. Malik, No. 02A01-9604-CH-00070, 1996 WL 560257 (Tenn. App. Oct. 3,

1996), this Court again considered T.C.A. § 26-2-104(a). The Malik Court followed the holding

in Boyd and stated:

We agree with both the analysis and the conclusion of the Boyd

decision. Tennessee Code Annotated § 26-2-104(a) prohibits the

“execution, attachment, or garnishment” of state pension funds.

In this case, however, the trial court ordered husband to cash out

and/or borrow against such funds. Thus, the funds were not

subject to “execution, attachment, or garnishment,” or any other

judicial process.

Malik, 1996 WL 560257, at *3. This Court affirmed the trial court’s order for the husband to

cash out or borrow against his pension fund to pay the wife her share of the pension fund from

the division of the marital assets. Id.

In this case, Husband argues that Malik is distinguishable because the trial court did not

order him to “cash out” or “borrow against” his pension fund, but instead subjected the pension

benefits to “execution, attachment or garnishment.” We do not believe that Malik requires the

trial court to use such magic language to overcome T.C.A. § 26-2-104(a). In that case, the wife

did not have to wait until the husband’s retirement to receive her share of his pension. Malik,

1996 WL 560257, at *2. In this case, the trial court stated, “[T]he Court specifically finds that

the Plaintiff became entitled to receive the portion of Defendant’s pension awarded to her at the

time the Final Decree of Divorce was entered.”

We do not believe thatthe trial court subjected Husband’s pension benefits to “execution,

attachment or garnishment.” The trial court’s order clearly states that Wife was entitled to
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receive her share of the pension at the time the final decree was entered. We interpret the trial

court’s order to mean that Husband must pay that amount, $4,424.06, to Wife and should have

done it at the time the divorce became final. Husband may have to cash out or borrow against

the pension fund, but the pension is not subject to “execution, attachment or garnishment.”

Husband next argues that the trial court provided no factual basis for the order of

immediate payment of the pension benefits. Husband argues that it is inequitable for the Wife

to enforce and add to the marital dissolution agreement six years after its entry. Husband also

argues that the trial court made the order without taking into consideration the relevant factors

in T.C.A. § 36-4-121(c).

We believe that the trial court was called upon to interpret the marital dissolution

agreement that was part of the final decree of divorce. The trial court did not need a factual basis

to determine whether, as a matter of law, Wife was entitled to the pension benefits immediately

or upon Husband’s retirement. For the same reasons, the trial court did not have to consider the

factors in T.C.A. § 36-4-121(c). Those are the factors that the trial court considered in making

the equitable division in the first place. They have no bearing on when the equitable division

is payable. We disagree with Husband that it is inequitable to enforce a six-year-old marital

dissolution agreement. The trial court found that Husband should have paid Wife’s share of the

pension benefits six years ago, and because Husband owes Wife $4,424.06, there is nothing

inequitable in enforcing the agreed upon division of the marital property.

In conclusion, the trial court did not abuse its discretion by applying the “present cash

value” method, and the evidence does not preponderate against the trial court’s findings. Wife

is entitled to $4,424.06 of Husband’s pension benefits, plus interest as awarded by the trial court.

In his second issue, Husband contends that the trial court erred in awarding Wife

$7,010.29 in attorney’s fees. He argues that he is in no better financial position than Wife to pay

her attorney’s fees. Instead, he asserts that, in the interest of equity, each party should be held

responsible for his or her own attorney’s fees. 

The law in Tennessee is clear that the trial court has wide discretion in awarding

attorney’s fees, and unless the evidence preponderates otherwise, the award will not be disturbed

on appeal. Kincaid v. Kincaid, 912 S.W.2d 140, 144 (Tenn. App. 1995). An award of attorney’s

fees is appropriate only when the spouse seeking them lacks sufficient funds to pay his or her
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own legal expenses or would be required to deplete his or her resources in order to pay these

expenses. Brown v. Brown, 913 S.W.2d 163, 170 (Tenn. App. 1994).

As stated previously, the record shows that Husband’s net monthly income is $4,795.35,

and Wife’s net monthly income is $1,520.00. In the case at bar, we believe that Husband has the

ability to pay the award, and we cannot say that the evidence preponderates against the award

of attorney’s fees to Wife.

Accordingly, the judgment of the trial court is affirmed in all respects. Costs of this

appeal are assessed against the appellant.