# Patent

## Title
Wireless communication antennae for concurrent communication in an access point

## Abstract

One or more access points in a wireless communication system, wherein at least one of those access points includes a set of more than one antennae capable of concurrent communication, and at least one of those more than one antennae is isolated from a remainder of that set of antennae during concurrent communication. Isolation includes one or more of disposed a first antenna in a null region of a second antenna, disposing a first antenna to communicate polarized and substantially orthogonal to a second antenna, disposing a set of antennae to communicate at two or more carrier frequencies, wherein each first antenna adjacent to a second antenna operate at distinct such carrier frequencies, or disposing a set of antennae to communicate using two or more substantially distinct protocols, wherein substantially each first antenna adjacent to a second antenna operate at substantially distinct such protocols.

## Background
RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is a continuation of: U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/496,426 ('426 application), filed on Jul. 1, 2009, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/465,537, filed May 13, 2009, now issued U.S. Pat. No. 8,344,953, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/052,981; the '426 application also claiming priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/077,403, filed Jul. 1, 2008; the '426 application also claiming priority to as a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/715,287, filed Mar. 7, 2007, now issued U.S. Pat. No. 7,826,426; the '426 application also claiming priority as a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/294,673, filed Dec. 5, 2005, now issued U.S. Pat. No. 8,160,664, the contents of each application being herein incorporated by reference in their entirety.


SUMMARY OF THE DESCRIPTION
In some wireless communication systems, wireless stations (“WS's”) communicate with access points (“AP's”), which themselves communicate either with each other (such as for communication between wireless stations within the wireless communication system), or with an external communication port (such as for communication between wireless stations and devices outside the wireless communication system). This has the effect that access points and wireless stations contend with each other for communication bandwidth.
One known solution includes increasing the number of radios and channels available to each access point, with the effect that each access point has more communication bandwidth available. For example, the MIMO aspects of IEEE standard 802.11n allow access points to pairwise communicate using multiple channels, each having its own spatial path for coupling EMF (electromagnetic fields). While this solution can sometimes achieve additional communication bandwidth capacity between pairs of access points, it has at least the drawback that communicated signals might interfere at either the sender or the receiver.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Generality of the Description
Read this application in its most general possible form. For example and without limitation, this includes: References to specific techniques include alternative, further, and more general techniques, especially when describing aspects of this application, or how inventions that might be claimable subject matter might be made or used. References to “preferred” techniques generally mean that the inventors contemplate using those techniques in one or more inventions that might be claimable subject matter, and thinks are best—in ordinarily contemplated circumstances—for one or more intended uses thereof. This does not exclude other techniques, whether explicitly mentioned or not, and does not mean that those “preferred” techniques are critical or essential, or that they would be preferred in alternative, further, and more general circumstances. References to contemplated causes or effects, e.g., for some described techniques, do not preclude alternative, further, or more general causes or effects, that might occur in alternative, further, or more general described techniques. References to one or more reasons for using particular techniques, or for avoiding particular techniques, do not preclude other reasons or techniques, even if completely contrary, where circumstances might indicate that the stated reasons or techniques might not be as applicable as the described circumstance.
Moreover, the invention is not in any way limited to the specifics of any particular example devices or methods, whether described herein in general or as examples. Many other and further variations are possible which remain within the content, scope, or spirit of the inventions described herein. After reading this application, such variations would be clear to those of ordinary skill in the art, without any need for undue experimentation or new invention.
Terms and Phrases
The general meaning of terms and phrases used herein is intended to be illustrative, and not in any way limiting.
The terms “antenna”, “antennae”, and the like, generally refer to any device or technique using which a wireless station is capable of receiving or sending information in a wireless communication system without a physical electromagnetic connection to another element in that wireless communication system.
Wireless communication systems are primarily described herein with respect to coupling of EMF's (electromagnetic fields) between sender and receiver. For example and without limitation, many wireless communication systems operate with senders and receivers using modulation onto carrier frequencies of between about 2.4 GHz and about 5 GHz. However, in the context of the invention, there is no particular reason why there should be any such limitation. For example and without limitation, wireless communication systems might operate, at least in part, with vastly distinct EMF frequencies, e.g., ELF (extremely low frequencies), as is sometimes used for communication with submarines, or visible light (e.g., lasers), as is sometimes used for communication with satellites or spacecraft.
In the context of the invention, there is no particular reason why “wireless” communication systems should be limited to EMF techniques. For example and without limitation, a wireless communication system might operate using ultrasonic modulation, i.e., modulating signals onto carriers above the range of normal human hearing, as could be used for ship-to-ship communication in a hostile region, or using infrasonic modulation, i.e., modulating signals onto carriers below range of normal human hearing, as is sometimes suspected to be used by certain relatively large animals (e.g., elephants and cetaceans).
The phrase “access point”, the term “AP”, and the like, generally refer to any devices capable of operation within a wireless communication system, in which at least some of their communication is potentially with wireless stations. For example and without limitation, an “AP” might refer to a device capable of wireless communication with wireless stations, capable of wire-line or wireless communication with other AP's, and capable of wire-line or wireless communication with a control unit.
For example and without limitation, some examples AP's might communicate with devices external to the wireless communication system (e.g., an extranet, internet, or intranet), using an L2/L3 network. However, in the context of the invention, there is no particular reason why there should be any such limitation. For example and without limitation, one or more AP's might communicate wirelessly, while zero or more AP's might optionally communicate using a wire-line communication link.
The terms “antenna” and “antennae”, and the like, generally refer to any devices capable of emitting or receiving electromagnetic fields. When a 1st antenna at a sender is coupled to a 2nd antenna at a receiver, EMF fields might be coupled and it might be possible to communicate information.
In cases in which one or more devices has an antenna in multiple physical parts, those parts might cooperate to communicate information, e.g., using the MIMO aspects of the IEEE 802.11n standard. In such cases, the individual parts are sometimes referred to herein as “antenna parts”, “antennae parts”, and the like.
For example and without limitation, the antennae in an arrangement of 9 antennae in a 3×3 square pattern might be selectively allocated, with the effect that a single row or a single column are selectively allocated as antenna parts for a single antenna. This can have the effect that, when each such row of antenna parts is allocated to a single antenna, the three antennae formed in that manner are relatively isolated, at least with respect to MIMO techniques used with the IEEE 802.11n standard.
When antennae include antenna parts selected in a similar manner, this can have the effect that, when each such row of antenna parts is allocated to a single antenna, the three antennae formed in that manner can be relatively isolated, at least with respect to frequency differences, in those cases in which the middle such antenna operates using a substantially different frequency from the outer such antennae.
For example and without limitation, a middle row of an arrangement of three such antennae might use a selected frequency of approximately 2.4 GHz, while the outer two rows of that arrangement might use a selected frequency of approximately 5 GHz, with the effect that each of the three such antennae are substantially isolated from frequency interference.
The term “filter”, and the like, generally refer to signal manipulation techniques, whether analog, digital, or otherwise, in which signals modulated onto distinct carrier frequencies can be separated, with the effect that those signals can be individually processed.
In systems in which frequencies both in the approximately 2.4 GHz range and the approximately 5 GHz range are concurrently used, it might occur that a single band-pass, high-pass, or low-pass filter for the approximately 2.4 GHz range is sufficient to distinguish the approximately 2.4 GHz range from the approximately 5 GHz range, but that such a single band-pass, high-pass, or low-pass filter has drawbacks in distinguishing each particular channel within the approximately 2.4 GHz range or has drawbacks in distinguishing each particular channel within the approximately 5 GHz range.
In such cases, a 1st set of signal filters might be used to distinguish those channels collectively within the approximately 2.4 GHz range from those channels collectively within the approximately 5 GHz range. A 2nd set of signal filters might be used to separately distinguish individual channels within the approximately 2.4 GHz range, while a 3rd set of signal filters might be used to separately distinguish individual channels within the approximately 5 GHz range.
For example and without limitation, the 1st set of signal filters used to distinguish those channels collectively within the approximately 2.4 GHz range from those channels collectively within the approximately 5 GHz range might have the properties of having relatively wide pass-band range while maintaining a relatively sharp roll-off. The 2nd set of signal filters used to separately distinguish individual channels within the approximately 2.4 GHz range and the 3rd set of signal filters used to separately distinguish individual channels within the approximately 5 GHz range might each have a relatively narrow pass-band range (e.g., approximately 100 KHz), while maintaining a relatively sharp roll-off.
The phrase “isolation technique”, the term “isolate”, and the like, generally refer to any device or technique involving reducing the amount of noise perceived on a 1st channel when signals are concurrently communicated on a 2nd channel. This is sometimes referred to herein as “crosstalk”, “interference”, or “noise”.
Wireless communication systems are primarily described herein with respect to coupling of EMF's between such a 1st channel and 2nd channel. For example and without limitation, relatively concurrent communication on such a 1st channel and 2nd channel might result in one or more bits of information being unintelligible or relatively unreliable, with the effect that one or the other, or both, such channels might decide to resend their transmissions with relatively lesser likelihood of data loss.
However, in the context of the invention, there is no particular reason why there should be any such limitation. For example and without limitation, wireless communication systems might encounter crosstalk, interference, or noise, as an effect of disruption of the medium used for communication. For example and without limitation, interference might occur between laser modulation and ultrasonic modulation, due to the possibility of disturbing or heating the air (or other dielectric or sonic medium) by either the 1st such signal or the 2nd such signal.
The phrase “null region”, the term “null”, and the like, generally refer to regions in which an operating antenna (or antenna part) has relatively little EMF effect on those particular regions. This has the effect that EMF radiation emitted or received within those regions are often relatively unaffected by EMF radiation emitted or received within other regions of the operating antenna (or antenna part).
The term “radios”, and the like, when generally used in the plural in reference to a device or technique, generally refers to (1) devices capable of wireless communication while concurrently using multiple antennae, frequencies, or some other combination or conjunction of techniques, or (2) techniques involving wireless communication while concurrently using multiple antennae, frequencies, or some other combination or conjunction of techniques.
For example and without limitation, the phrase “multiple radios”, and the like, might refer to devices and techniques in which multiple signals are encoded for concurrent communication using a CDMA, TDD, or TDMA technique.
The phrase “wireless communication system”, and the like, when generally used in reference to devices or techniques, generally refers to (1) devices capable of wireless communication while concurrently using multiple antennae, frequencies, or some other combination or conjunction of techniques, or (2) techniques involving wireless communication while concurrently using multiple antennae, frequencies, or some other combination or conjunction of techniques.
The terms “polarization”, “orthogonal”, and the like, generally refer to signals having a selected polarization, e.g., horizontal polarization, vertical polarization, right circular polarization, left circular polarization. The term “orthogonal” generally refers to relative lack of interaction between a 1st signal and a 2nd signal, in cases in which that 1st signal and 2nd signal are polarized.
For example and without limitation, a 1st EMF signal having horizontal polarization should have relatively little interaction with a 2nd EMF signal having vertical polarization. For example and without limitation, a 1st set of antenna patches, selected for a 1st antenna, might have a 1st polarization (e.g., horizontal polarization), while a 2nd set of antenna patches, selected for a 2nd antenna, might have a 2nd polarization (e.g., vertical polarization), with the effect that the 1st antenna and the 2nd antenna remain relatively isolated.
Although this description is primarily directed to horizontal and vertical polarization, in the context of the invention, there is no particular reason for any such limitation. For example and without limitation, a 1st polarization such as described above might be oriented 30° east of a northern axis, while a 2nd polarization such as described above might be oriented 30° south of an eastern axis, with a similar effect of relative isolation.
In such cases in which polarization is used at least in part for isolation, those antenna parts with the 1st polarization might be disposed in a center row antenna, while those antenna parts with the 2nd polarization might be disposed in the remaining (relatively separated) upper-row and lower-row antennae.
This effect can be combined, at least in part, with the effect noted herein with respect to the phrases “null region”, the terms “null”, and the like, with the effect that antenna parts might be oriented so that a null region of a 1st antenna patch might be disposed within an active region of a 2nd antenna patch, or vice versa.
Similarly, this effect can be combined, at least in part, with the effect noted herein with respect to the term “filter” and usage of carrier signals with distinct frequencies. In such cases, those antenna parts using a 1st carrier frequency might be disposed in a center row antenna, while those antenna parts using a 2nd carrier frequency might be disposed in the remaining (relatively separated) upper-row and lower-row antennae. The phrase “wireless station”, the term “WS” (as well as the phrase “mobile station”, the term “MS”), and the like, generally refer to devices capable of operation within a wireless communication system, in which at least some of their communication potentially uses wireless techniques. For example and without limitation, a “WS” might refer to a cellular telephone, a GPS locator, a notebook computer, a transponder, or any other of a wide variety of devices device capable of receiving or sending information without a physical electromagnetic connection to another element in the wireless communication system.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION
FIG. 1 shows a conceptual diagram of an example wireless communication system.
FIG. 2 shows a 1st conceptual view of a structure housing a possible access point.
FIG. 3 shows a 2nd conceptual view of a structure housing a possible access point.
FIG. 4 shows a 3rd conceptual view of a structure housing a possible access point.
FIG. 5 shows a conceptual view of a possible enclosure in one of the structures shown in the FIG. 2, the FIG. 3, or the FIG. 4.
FIG. 6 shows a conceptual view of a possible rotational position between the 1st enclosure and the 2nd enclosure.
FIG. 7 shows a conceptual view of a possible rotational position between the 1st enclosure and the 2nd enclosure.
FIG. 8 shows an arrangement of antenna parts with selected polarization orientations.
FIG. 9 shows a conceptual view of a possible radiation pattern, including possible active regions and possible null regions.
FIG. 10 shows a conceptual view of a signal filter element.
FIG. 11 shows a conceptual view of a signal modulation element.
FIG. 12 shows a conceptual diagram of an example process flow used in an example wireless communication system.



FIGURES AND TEXT
FIG. 1
FIG. 1 shows a conceptual diagram of an example wireless communication system.
The FIG. 1 shows elements of an example wireless communication system, including at least an antenna array system 10, operating in an environment 12, operating in a wireless communication system 14.
For example and without limitation, the wireless communication system 14 might include a wireless communication network, in which wireless devices 16 can communicate. For example and without limitation, the wireless communication system 14 might use one of, or a variant of, IEEE standard 802.11, possibly including variants thereof, such as for example 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g, 802.11n, or any other similar protocol, or variant thereof.
Although this description is primarily directed to networks or systems using IEEE standards 802.11, and variants thereof, in the context of the invention, there is no particular reason for any such limitation.
The environment 12 might include any location where wireless device users might gather, such as for example, an airport, a cafe, a house, a lecture hall, a library, or the like. Alternatively, the environment 12 might include outdoor settings, such as for example, a college campus, a park, a town square, or the like. Accordingly, distinct environments 12 and the number of users might differ significantly. Each such environment 12 might have substantially distinct physical characteristics affecting communication, such as for example, signal attenuation regions, signal reflecting surfaces, and the like.
The wireless devices 16 might include any electronic device capable of wirelessly sending or receiving information signals, as for example described above. Although this description is primarily directed to EMF signals, and in particular to RF (radio frequency) operation, in the context of the invention, there is no particular reason for any such limitation.
The wireless devices 16 might be mobile, such as for example, a laptop computer. However, other devices that are stationary in normal operation, such as a desktop computer with a wireless network interface card might also be considered wireless devices 16. Hand-held devices, such as cell phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs), palmtop computers, and the like, that include RF transmitters and receivers might also be considered wireless devices 16.
The system 10 might allow more than one wireless device user to concurrently use the network 14.
The system 10 might act to couple wireless devices and a wire-line network 18. The wire-line network 18 might include one or more architectures, protocols, topologies, and the like, such as for example, a local area network, a metro area network, a wide area network, an extranet, an intranet, an internet. The system 10 might couple data from wireless devices to the wired network 18.
FIG. 2
FIG. 2 shows a 1st conceptual view of a structure housing a possible access point.
As shown in the FIG. 2, the FIG. 3, and the FIG. 4, a possible access point might be housed at least partly within a structure 46, having parts as shown in the figures and including at least a 1st enclosure 48, a 2nd enclosure 50, and an hinge component 52.
One example of such a structure 46 is shown, at least in part, in U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/052,981, filed May 13, 2008, in the name of inventors Sid Gilbrech, Rajendran Venugopalachary, and Srinivas Sivaprakasam, and assigned to the same assignee, titled “Omni-Directional Flexible Antenna Support Panel”, hereby incorporated by reference as if fully set forth herein. The Examiner is requested to take notice that this earlier provisional patent application is incorporated by reference into this regular patent application, by virtue of the claim to priority and incorporation by reference of U.S. application Ser. No. 12/465,537, filed May 13, 2009, now issued U.S. Pat. No. 8,344,953, in the name of the same inventors, co-pending with this regular patent application. This instant application claims priority of this latter regular patent application, and incorporates it by reference as if fully set forth herein.
For example and without limitation, an access point, as housed at least partly within the structure 46, might include four or more radios, including one or more scanning radios (with the effect that the access point can determine whether a particular channel is in use) and three or more communication radios.
One or more of the scanning radios, such as for example, each of them, might include two or more scanning antennae, disposed, such as for example, in a base portion of the structure 46, i.e., within the 1st enclosure of the structure 46.
One or more of the communication radios, such as for example, each of them, might include a plurality of antennae, such as for example (and as shown in the figures), three or more patch antenna parts for each such communication radio. The communication radios might be disposed in a movable portion, i.e., within a 2nd enclosure of the structure 46, such as for example (and as shown in the figures) in a 3×3 arrangement. The 2nd enclosure might be coupled to the 1st enclosure using, at least in part, a universal hinge part. As shown in the figures, in such cases in which the communication radios are disposed in a 3×3 arrangement, each set of antenna parts might be disposed in a selected row, with the effect that each row of the 3×3 arrangement is collectively included in a corresponding one of the communication radios.
The IEEE 802.11 family of standards differ sufficiently from each other that operation of one such standard, e.g., 802.11b, can interfere with operation of another such standard using a relatively nearby antenna. For example and without limitation, legacy systems, using standards such as 802.11a or 802.11b, can substantially affect operation of antennae using the relatively newer 802.11n standard.
In such cases, each such communication antenna might be disposed with a middle-row communication antenna being selected for use with IEEE standard 802.11b or 802.11g, while the two outer rows being selected for use with IEEE standard 802.11a (e.g., on a 1st side) or for use with IEEE standard 802.11n (e.g., on a 2nd side).
FIG. 3
FIG. 3 shows a 2nd conceptual view of a structure housing a possible access point.
As shown in the FIG. 3 and the FIG. 4, the 1st enclosure 48 might include a 1st circuit board 34, and the 2nd enclosure might include a 2nd circuit board 36. The 1st circuit board 34 and the 2nd circuit board 36 might collectively provide for mounting or otherwise affixing antennae, circuits, shielding, and possibly other components for the system 10.
The system 10 might include one or more scanning antennae 20, one or more antenna patches 26, such as for example, antenna patches 28 and 30 (shown in the FIG. 3), and one or more shielding structures 32.
The FIG. 10, also described below, shows some possible elements that might function with these antenna parts. These possible elements include elements as shown in the FIG. 10, including at least a signal filter element 38, a signal modulation element 40, a network interface element 42, and a processing element 44.
The signal filter element 38, the signal modulation element 40, and the network interface element 42 might be mounted on the 1st circuit board 34, the combination of which might be housed in the 1st enclosure 48.
Alternatively, the 1st enclosure might be disposed as shown in the FIG. 5. The antenna parts 26 (including antenna parts 28 and 30) and shielding structures 32 might be mounted on the 2nd circuit board 36, which might be collectively disposed at least partly within the 2nd enclosure 50.
FIG. 4
FIG. 4 shows a 3rd conceptual view of a structure housing a possible access point.
As seen in the FIG. 4, the hinge component 52 might allow the 2nd enclosure 50 to rotate approximately 180° about a 1st axis 54 along an edge of the 1st enclosure 48. The 2nd enclosure 50 might also rotate approximately 360° about a 2nd axis 56 along an edge of the 2nd enclosure 50, with the effect that the 1st axis 54 can be disposed substantially orthogonal to the 2nd axis 56. This has the effect that the 2nd enclosure 50 can be oriented at a substantial range of angles with respect to the 1st enclosure 48. The 1st enclosure 48 might be placed or mounted on a stationary object, such as a tabletop, a ledge, a wall, or a ceiling.
FIG. 5
FIG. 5 shows a conceptual view of a possible enclosure in one of the structures shown in the FIG. 2, the FIG. 3, or the FIG. 4.
The possible enclosure includes elements as shown in the FIG. 5, including at least one or more scanning antennae 20 (each of which might itself include a 1st scanning antenna 22 and a 2nd scanning antenna 24), a 1st circuit board 34 (as described herein), a 1st enclosure 48 (as described herein), and a hinge component 52.
FIG. 6
FIG. 6 shows a conceptual view of a possible rotational position between the 1st enclosure and the 2nd enclosure.
With the 1st enclosure 48 properly positioned, the antenna patches 26 might be oriented by rotating the 2nd enclosure 50 about the 1st axis 54, the 2nd axis 56, or both. Rotational positions between the 2nd enclosure 50 and the 1st enclosure 48 are shown in the FIG. 6 and the FIG. 7. The antenna patches 26 might be disposed to maximize signal coverage and throughput of the wireless communication network 14.
The scanning antennae 20 might scan for wireless signals associated with one or more carrier frequencies. In one embodiment, the scanning antennae 20 include a 1st scanning antenna and a 2nd scanning antenna 22, 24. The scanning antennae 20 search for wireless devices 16 that are transmitting but have not yet established a link with the access point antenna array system 10. In certain embodiments, the access point antenna array system 10 might be utilized in an IEEE 802.11 network. Thus, the carrier frequencies might include a 1st frequency of 2.4 GigaHertz (GHz) and a 2nd frequency of 5 GHz.
The 1st scanning antenna 22 might operate at the 1st carrier frequency and might be located on one side of the 1st enclosure 48. The 2nd scanning antenna 24 might operate at the 2nd carrier frequency and might be located on the opposite side of the 1st enclosure 48 as shown in FIG. 5 with respect to antenna array system 20. This placement in the 1st enclosure 48 offers spatial separation and signal isolation between the 1st and 2nd scanning antennae 22, 24. This or another arrangement can be used to mount such scanning antennae on antenna array system 10.
The antenna patches 26 might include one or more antennae 94 to transmit and receive wireless signals at one or more carrier frequencies. The individual antennae 94 might be square or rectangular-shaped and might be sized according the carrier frequency at which they radiate. Antennae 94 designed to operate at lower carrier frequencies might be larger in size than antennae 94 designed to operate at higher carrier frequencies. In certain embodiments, the access point antenna array system 10 might be utilized in an IEEE 802.11 network. Accordingly, some antennae 94 might be sized to operate at the 1st carrier frequency of 2.4 GHz and some might be sized to operate at the 2nd carrier frequency of 5 GHz. In various embodiments, the 5 GHz carrier frequency might include a plurality of subband carrier frequencies, with frequencies of 4.9 GHz, 5.185 GHz, 5.47 GHz, and 5.725 GHz. Each subband carrier frequency might include its own antenna 94. To conserve the space required for multiple antennae, the subband antennae might be stacked, one on top of another, according to size and carrier frequency, with the lowest frequency and largest sized antenna 94 on the bottom of the stack and the highest frequency and smallest sized antenna 94 on the top of the stack.
FIG. 7
FIG. 7 shows a conceptual view of a possible rotational position between the 1st enclosure and the 2nd enclosure.
The antenna patches 26 might be divided into a plurality of groups based on the fundamental carrier frequency at which they operate. In certain embodiments, the antenna patches 26 might be divided into a 1st group associated with the 1st carrier frequency and a 2nd group associated with the 2nd carrier frequency. The antenna patches 26 of a given group might be placed on the 2nd circuit board 36 in close proximity of each other, between approximately 1 inch to approximately 3 inches, but separated from antenna patches 26 of another group. The antenna patches 26 within a group might be placed in a pattern, such as a horizontal, vertical, or diagonal line, as shown in the FIG. 3 and the FIG. 8. The 1st and 2nd groups might be arranged on the 2nd circuit board 36 in an alternating fashion, such that a 1st group of antenna patches 28 is positioned adjacent to a 2nd group of antenna patches 30 and not positioned next to another 1st group. Likewise, a 2nd group of antenna patches 30 is positioned next to a 1st group of antenna patches 28 only. In various embodiments, the antenna patches 26 might mounted to both sides of the 2nd circuit board 36, using the techniques as described above. Placement of the array of antenna patches 26 on the 2nd circuit board 36 in the 2nd enclosure 50 also establishes separation of the antenna patches 26 from the scanning antennae 20, located on opposite sides of the 1st enclosure 48.
The shielding structures 32 provide signal isolation between the 1st and 2nd groups of antenna patches 28, 30. Each shielding structure 32 might be formed from an elongated strip of grounded electrically conductive material, such as copper or other metals. Once the 1st and 2nd groups of antenna patches 28, 30 are placed on the 2nd circuit board 36, as discussed above, the shielding structures 32 are placed on the circuit board 36 in between the 1st and 2nd groups 28, 30. In certain embodiments, such as the one shown in FIGS. 3 and 8, the shielding structure 32 might be formed from a thin strip of copper that is mounted to the 2nd circuit board 36. Mounting techniques might include soldering, as is known in the art. The length of the shielding structure 32 might match one of the planar dimensions of the circuit board 36, such as the width, and the height might be sufficient to provide signal isolation without causing interference with the 2nd enclosure 50. In various embodiments, the shielding structures 32 might be mounted on both sides of the 2nd circuit board 36 using the techniques as described above.
FIG. 8
FIG. 8 shows an arrangement of antenna parts with selected polarization orientations.
Each antenna patch 26 might be polarized with a 1st polarization 58 or a 2nd polarization 60, that is generally orthogonal to the 1st polarization 58, as shown in FIG. 8. In certain embodiments, the 1st polarization 58 might be a vertical, or up/down, polarization, and the 2nd polarization 60 might be a horizontal, or left/right, polarization, or vice versa. Alternatively, the 1st polarization 58 might be along a diagonal 62, e.g. NE/SW or NW/SE, and the 2nd polarization 60 might be along an orthogonal diagonal 64, e.g. NW/SE or NE/SW, respective to the 1st polarization 58. In other embodiments, a circular polarization might also be utilized. When placing antenna patches 26 within a group on the 2nd circuit board 36, an antenna patch 26 of the 1st polarization 58 is placed adjacent to an antenna patch 26 of the 2nd polarization 60 in an alternating pattern.
FIG. 8
FIG. 8 shows an arrangement of antenna parts with selected polarization orientations.
Each antenna patch 26 might be polarized with a 1st polarization 58 or a 2nd polarization 60, that is generally orthogonal to the 1st polarization 58, as shown in FIG. 8. In certain embodiments, the 1st polarization 58 might be a vertical, or up/down, polarization, and the 2nd polarization 60 might be a horizontal, or left/right, polarization, or vice versa. Alternatively, the 1st polarization 58 might be along a diagonal 62, e.g. NE/SW or NW/SE, and the 2nd polarization 60 might be along an orthogonal diagonal 64, e.g. NW/SE or NE/SW, respective to the 1st polarization 58. In other embodiments, a circular polarization might also be utilized. When placing antenna patches 26 within a group on the 2nd circuit board 36, an antenna patch 26 of the 1st polarization 58 is placed adjacent to an antenna patch 26 of the 2nd polarization 60 in an alternating pattern.
FIG. 9
FIG. 9 shows a conceptual view of a possible radiation pattern, including possible active regions and possible null regions.
Each antenna patch 26 might have a radiation pattern with active radiating regions 66 and null radiating regions 68 in the space around the antenna patch 26, as seen in FIG. 9. The active region 66 is the space in which the antenna is radiating and the null region 68 is generally everywhere else. The antenna patches 26 might be oriented on the circuit board such that the active radiating region 66 of one antenna patch 26 is located in the null region 68 of an adjacent antenna patch 26 to reduce signal interference from one antenna patch 26 to another antenna patch 26.
FIG. 10
FIG. 10 shows a conceptual view of a signal filter element.
The signal filter element 38 generally filters signals at the 1st carrier frequency. As seen in the FIG. 10, the signal filter element 38 might include a plurality of low-pass filter circuits 70 and a plurality of band-pass filter circuits 72. Both filter circuits 70, 72 might include analog or digital circuitry or combinations thereof. The filter circuits 70, 72 might be formed from discrete passive and active components, fully-custom or semi-custom application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), digital signal processing circuits (DSPs), microprocessors, microcontrollers, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), and the like, or combinations thereof.
Wireless signals are received by the antenna patches 26 and forwarded to the signal filter element 38. Typically, the 1st carrier frequency is lower than the 2nd carrier frequency so that signals modulated at the 2nd carrier frequency can be filtered out by the low-pass filter 70 whose cutoff frequency is designed to be less than the 2nd frequency. In certain embodiments, the access point antenna array system 10 might be used with an IEEE 802.11 system, so that the 2nd frequency might be 5 GHz, thus the cutoff frequency of the low-pass filter 70 might be approximately 3 GHz. The low-pass filtered signal is forwarded to the band-pass filter 72, which might help to filter noise and other undesirable effects on the signal. In certain embodiments, the center frequency of the band-pass filter 72 might be the 1st carrier frequency, which for IEEE 802.11 might be approximately 2.4 GHz. The output of the band pass filter 72 is forwarded to the network interface element 42.
FIG. 11
FIG. 11 shows a conceptual view of a signal modulation element.
The signal modulation element 40 generally modulates the signals at the 1st and 2nd carrier frequencies. The signal modulation element 40, shown in the FIG. 11, includes a plurality of power amplifiers 74, a plurality of modulators 80, and a plurality of switches 92. The power amplifier 74 might include analog or digital circuitry or combinations thereof, and might be formed from discrete passive and active components, fully-custom or semi-custom ASICs, or combinations thereof. The modulators 80 might include analog or digital circuitry or combinations thereof, and might be formed from discrete passive and active components, fully-custom or semi-custom ASICs, DSPs, microprocessors, microcontrollers, FPGAs, and the like, or combinations thereof. The switches 92 might include analog or digital circuitry or combinations thereof, and might be formed from discrete passive and active components.
The signal modulation element 40 might be forwarded data from the network interface element 42 to be transmitted wirelessly at either the 1st or the 2nd carrier frequencies. In certain embodiments, the access point antenna array system 10 might be used in an IEEE 802.11 system. Thus, the 1st carrier frequency might be 2.4 GHz and the 2nd carrier frequency might be 5 GHz with subband carrier frequencies at 4.9 GHz, 5.185 GHz, 5.47 GHz, and 5.725 GHz.
As seen in the FIG. 11, the signal might be amplified by a 1st amplifier 76 for a 2.4 GHz signal or a 2nd amplifier 78 for a 5 GHz signal. From the 1st amplifier 76, the signal is modulated by a 1st modulator 82 that is connected to a 2.4 GHz antenna. From the 2nd amplifier 78, the signal is modulated by 2nd, third, fourth, and fifth modulators 84, 86, 88, 90 to modulate at 4.9 GHz, 5.185 GHz, 5.47 GHz, and 5.725 GHz, respectively. Each of these modulators 84, 86, 88, 90 is connected through a single-pole, single-throw type switch 92 to an antenna patch stack 26, wherein the 2nd modulator 84 is connected to the lowest antenna 94 and the fifth modulator 90 is connected to the highest antenna 94. The output of the modulators 80 might pass to an antenna patch 26 if the switch 92 is closed, or might be blocked if the switch 92 is open.
The network interface element 42 generally manages data flow between the signal filter 38 and signal modulation elements 40 and the wired network 18. The network interface element 42 might receive data from the wired network 18 and forward a corresponding signal to the signal modulation element 40. The network interface element 42 might also receive a signal from the signal filter element 38 and forward corresponding data to the wired network 18. The network interface element 42 might include one or more components to process data and generate and receive signals for one or more layers of the transmission control protocol/Internet protocol (TCP/IP) layering model, particularly the data link layer and the physical layer. The network interface element 42 might include analog or digital circuitry or combinations thereof, and might be formed from discrete passive and active components, fully-custom or semi-custom ASICs, DSPs, microprocessors, microcontrollers, FPGAs, and the like, or combinations thereof. The network interface element 42 might couple to wired networks 18 of varying protocols, topologies, and architectures, as well as physical media, such as coaxial cable and shielded or unshielded twisted pair cable. Furthermore, the network interface element 42 might include optical receiving and driving components in order to couple with optical fiber.
The processing element 44 controls and monitors the operations of the signal filter element 38, the signal modulation element 40, and the network interface element 42. The processing element 44 might also establish the timing of various receiving and transmitting events. The processing element 44 might include analog or digital circuitry or combinations thereof. The processing element 44 might also be described in one or more code segments of a hardware description language, such as VHDL or Verilog, and might be implemented in fully-custom or semi-custom ASICs, DSPs, microprocessors, microcontrollers, FPGAs, other programmable logic devices, and the like, or combinations thereof.
FIGS. 12A-12B
FIGS. 12A-12B shows a conceptual diagram of an example process flow used in an example wireless communication system.
Some steps 100 of a method of maximizing signal throughput in a multiple-input, multiple-output wireless communication network 14 utilizing various embodiments of the access point antenna array system 10 is shown in FIGS. 12A-12B. The steps 100 as shown in FIGS. 12A-12B do not imply an order of execution. Some steps might be performed concurrently with or before other steps as shown in the flow diagram.
In step 102, a plurality of scanning antennae 20 is positioned, wherein the scanning antennae 20 scan for signals associated with a 1st carrier frequency and a 2nd carrier frequency.
In step 104, a plurality of antenna patches 26 is divided into a 1st group 28 associated with a 1st carrier frequency and a 2nd group 30 associated with a 2nd carrier frequency. Typically, the 1st carrier frequency is less than the 2nd carrier frequency. In certain embodiments, the access point antenna array system 10 is utilized in an IEEE 802.11 system, wherein the 1st carrier frequency is 2.4 GHz and the 2nd carrier frequency is 5 GHz.
In step 106, the scanning antennae 20 are positioned away from the antenna patches 26 to avoid interference between the antenna patches 26 and the scanning antennae 20.
In step 108, the 1st and 2nd groups of antenna patches 28, 30 are mounted on a circuit board 36.
In step 110, the antenna patches 26 within a group are positioned in close proximity of each other, typically in a pattern, such as a horizontal, vertical, or diagonal line.
In step 112, the groups are arranged such that a 1st group is adjacent to a 2nd group only and a 2nd group is adjacent to a 1st group only in an alternating pattern. One or more shielding structures 32 is mounted on the circuit board 36 between the 1st and 2nd groups of antenna patches 28, 30 in step 114. The shielding structures 32 might be sized to match one of the planar dimensions of the circuit board 36, such as the length or width.
In step 116, a portion of the antenna patches 26 might be polarized with a 1st polarization 58.
In step 118, a portion of the antenna patches 26 might be polarized with a 2nd polarization 60. Generally, the 1st polarization 58 is orthogonal to the 2nd polarization 60. For example, the 1st polarization 58 might be a vertical, or up/down, polarization, and the 2nd polarization 60 might be a horizontal, or left/right, polarization, or vice versa.
In step 120, the antenna patches 26 of the 1st polarization 58 are positioned next to antenna patches 26 of the 2nd polarization 60 in an alternating fashion.
In step 122, the active radiating region 66 of one antenna patch 26 is oriented to occupy the null region 68 of an adjacent antenna patch 26. This step might be performed while mounting the antenna patches 26 to the circuit board.
In step 124, the signals received by the access point antenna array system 10 might be filtered by a low-pass filter 70 followed by a band-pass filter 72. The low-pass filter 70 might have a cutoff frequency that is less than the 2nd carrier frequency, thereby filtering out signals of the 2nd carrier frequency. The band-pass filter 72 might have a center frequency of approximately the 1st carrier frequency. In certain embodiments, the 1st and 2nd carrier frequencies might be those used in an IEEE 802.11 system, which are 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz, respectively.
In step 126, signals might be remodulated near the 2nd carrier frequency into a plurality of sub-band frequencies, utilizing a power amplifier 74, a plurality of modulators 80, and a plurality of switches 92. Signals are amplified by the power amplifier 74 and modulated by the plurality of modulators 80. Some modulators modulate below the 2nd carrier frequency, and others modulate above the 2nd carrier frequency. The signals from the modulators might be forwarded to a plurality of switches 92, which might block the signals from the antenna patches 26 or pass the signals to the antenna patches 26.
Alternative Techniques
After reading this application, those of ordinary skill in the art would recognize that the scope and spirit of the invention is not limited in any way by the specific examples described herein, and that further and other techniques would not require undue experimentation or new invention.

## Claims

1. An access point with multiple antennae for concurrent communication in a wireless network, comprising:
a first enclosure having inside a first set of antennae and a second set of antennae located in a null region of the first set; and
a second enclosure having inside at least two scanning antennae to locate stations in the wireless network and operating concurrently with the first and second sets of antennae at distinct frequencies and located in the second enclosure,
wherein the second enclosure is independently rotatable from the first enclosure on at least two axes to reduce interference between the at least two scanning antennae and the first and second set of antennae.

2. The access point of claim 1, wherein the first enclosure is rotated parallel relative to the second enclosure to mate the first enclosure and second enclosure.

3. The access point of claim 1, wherein the first enclosure is rotated perpendicular relative to the first enclosure to a position that the first enclosure and second enclosure are perpendicular in two directions.

4. The access point of claim 1, comprising a hinge to enable independent rotation between the first and second enclosures.

5. The access point of claim 1, wherein the multiple antennae comprise multiple MIMO (multiple input/multiple output) antennae.

6. The access point of claim 1, wherein the access point operates according to IEEE 802.11n.

7. The access point of claim 1, wherein the access point is attachable to a wall.

8. An access point with multiple antennae for concurrent communication in a wireless network, comprising:
a first set of antennae;
a second set of antennae located adjacent to the first set of antennae and in a null region of the first set of antennae and concurrently communicates relative to the first set of antennae; and
a third set of antennae located adjacent to the second set of antennae, apart from the first set of antennae, and in a null region of the second set of antennae, communicating using a protocol and frequency in common with the first set of antennae, the first, second and third sets of antennae located in a first enclosure; and
at least two scanning antennae to locate stations operating concurrently with the first, second and third sets of antennae located in a second enclosure, wherein the second enclosure is independently rotatable from the first enclosure on at least two axes to reduce interference between the at least two scanning antennae and the first, second and third sets of antennae.