# Patent

## Title
Method for improved use of the production potential of genetically modified plants

## Abstract

The invention relates to a method for improving the utilization of the production potential of a genetically modified plant where the plant is treated with an effective amount of at least one compound of the formula (I)




in which

    R1 to R3, X, L, n and Y have the meanings given in the description.

## Background
The invention relates to a method for improving the utilization of the production potential of genetically modified plants.
In recent years, there has been a marked increase in the proportion of genetically modified plants in agriculture, even if regional differences are still currently noticeable. Thus, for example, the proportion of genetically modified maize in the USA has doubled from 26% to 52% since 2001, while genetically modified maize has previously been of hardly any practical importance in Germany. However, in other European countries, for example in Spain, the proportion of genetically modified maize is already about 12%.
Genetically modified plants are employed mainly to utilize the production potential of respective plant varieties in the most favourable manner, at the lowest possible input of production means. The aim of the genetic modification of the plants is in particular the generation of resistance in the plants to certain pests or harmful organisms or else herbicides and also to abiotic stress (for example drought, heat or elevated salt levels). It is also possible to genetically modify a plant to increase certain quality or product features, such as, for example, the content of selected vitamins or oils, or to improve certain fibre properties.
Herbicide resistance or tolerance can be achieved, for example, by incorporating genes into the useful plant for expressing enzymes to detoxify certain herbicides, so that a relatively unimpeded growth of these plants is possible even in the presence of these herbicides for controlling broad-leaved weeds and weed grasses. Examples which may be mentioned are cotton varieties or maize varieties which tolerate the herbicidally active compound glyphosate (Roundup®), (Roundup Ready®, Monsanto) or the herbicides glufosinate or oxynil.
More recently, there has also been the development of useful plants comprising two or more genetic modifications (“stacked transgenic plants” or multiply genetically modified crops). Thus, for example, Monsanto has developed multiply genetically modified maize varieties which are resistant to the European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis) and the Western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera). Also known are maize and cotton crops which are resistant both to the Western corn rootworm and the cotton bollworm and tolerant to the herbicide Roundup®.
It has now been found that the utilization of the production potential of genetically modified useful plants can be improved even more by treating the plants with one or more sulphoximines of the formula (I) defined below. Here, the term “treatment” includes all measures resulting in contact between these active compounds and at least one plant part. Plant parts are to be understood as meaning all above-ground and below-ground parts and organs of plants, such as shoot, leaf, flower and root, examples which may be mentioned being leaves, needles, stems, trunks, flowers, fruit-bodies, fruits and seeds and also roots, tubers and rhizomes. The plant parts also include harvested material and also vegetative and generative propagation material, for example cuttings, tubers, rhizomes, slips and seed.
Compounds of the formula (I)




in which

X represents NO2, CN or COOR4,

L represents a single bond,

R1 represents C1-C4-alkyl, or

    
    
        R1, sulphur and L together represent a 4-, 5- or 6-membered ring,

R2 and R3 independently of one another represent hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, fluorine, chlorine or bromine,

        or

R2 and R3 together represent —(CH2)2—, —(CH2)3—, —(CH2)4— or —(CH2)5— and together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form a 3-, 4-, 5- or 6-membered ring,

n represents 0, 1, 2 or 3,

Y represents one of the radicals

    
    






in which

Z represents halogen, C1-C4-alkyl, C1-C4-haloalkyl, C1-C4-alkoxy or C1-C4-haloalkoxy and

R4 represents C1-C3-alkyl,

are known, for example, as agents for controlling animal pests, in particular insects (for example US patent application 2005/228027 A1, WO 2006/060029 A2, WO 2007/095229 A2, WO 2007/149134 A1, WO 2008/027539 A1, WO 2008/027073 A1, WO 2008/057129 A1, WO 2008/097235 A1, WO 2008/106006 A1). Furthermore, the increase of the insecticidal activity for a subgroup of sulphoximines by addition of suitable salts and, if appropriate, additives has been described (WO 2007/068355).

From these documents, the person skilled in the art is familiar with processes for preparing and for using compounds of the formula (I) and with their activity.
Depending, inter alia, on the nature of the substituents, the compounds of the formula (I) can be present as optical isomers or mixtures of isomers in varying compositions, which can be separated, if desired, in a customary manner. The present invention provides both the pure isomers and the isomer mixtures, their use and compositions comprising them. However, the following text will, for the sake of simplicity, always mention compounds of the formula (I), even though this is understood as meaning not only the pure compounds, but also, if appropriate, mixtures with various amounts of isomeric compounds.
Preferred subgroups of the compounds of the formula (I) are listed below:
In a particular group (Ia) of compounds of the formula (I), X represents the nitro group:




In a further particular group (Ib) of compounds of the formula (I), X represents the cyano group:




In a further particular group (Ic) of compounds of the formula (I), X represents NO2 or CN, Y represents the 6-chloropyrid-3-yl radical:




In a further particular group (Id) of compounds of the formula (I), X represents NO2 or CN, Y represents the 6-trifluoromethylpyrid-3-yl radical:




In a further particular group (le) of compounds of the formula (I), X represents NO2 or CN, Y represents the 2-chloro-1,3-thiazol-5-yl radical:




In a further particular group (If) of compounds of the formula (I), X represents NO2 or CN, Y represents the 2-trifluoromethyl-1,3-thiazol-5-yl radical:




In a further particular group (Ig) of compounds of the formula (I), R1, sulphur and L together form a 5-membered ring, X represents NO2 or CN, Y represents 6-halopyrid-3-yl or 6-(C1-C4-haloalkyl)pyrid-3-yl, particularly preferably 6-chloropyrid-3-yl or 6-trifluoromethylpyrid-3-yl, n preferably represents 0:




In a further particular group (Ih) of compounds of the formula (I), R1, sulphur and L together form a 5-membered ring, X represents NO2 or CN, Y represents 6-halopyrid-3-yl or 6-(C1-C4-haloalkyl)pyrid-3-yl, particularly preferably 6-chloropyrid-3-yl or 6-trifluoromethylpyrid-3-yl, n preferably represents 0:




In a further particular group (Ii) of compounds of the formula (I), R1 represents methyl, X represents NO2 or CN, L represents a single bond and n preferably represents 1:




In a further particular group (Ij) of compounds of the formula (I), R1 represents methyl, R2 and R3 independently of one another represent hydrogen or methyl, X represents NO2 or CN, n preferably represents 1:




In a further particular group (Ik) of compounds of the formula (I), R1 represents methyl, R2 and R3 together represent —(CH2)2— and form together with the carbon atom to which they are attached a 3-membered ring, X represents NO2 or CN, n preferably represents 1:




The compounds of the general formula (I) may, where appropriate, depending on the nature of the substituents, be in the form of geometric and/or optically active isomers or corresponding isomer mixtures of varying composition. The invention relates both to the pure isomers and to the isomer mixtures.
Specific mention may be made of the following compounds of the formula (I):

    compound (I-1), [[6-chloropyridin-3-yl]methyl](methyl)oxido-λ4-sulphanylidenecyanamide:






    
    
        known from US patent application 2005/228027 A1 and WO 2007/149134 A1.
    
    
    compound (I-2), [[6-trifluoromethylpyridin-3-yl]methyl](methyl)oxido-λ4-sulphanylidenecyanamide:






    
    
        known from WO 2007/095229 A2, WO 2007/149134 A1 and WO 2008/027073 A1.
    
    
    compound (I-3), methyl(oxido) {[2-chloro-1,3-thiazol-5-yl]methyl}λ4-sulphanylidenecyanamide:






    
    
        known from US patent application 2005/228027 A1.
    
    
    compound (I-4), methyl(oxido){[2-trifluoromethyl-1,3-thiazol-5-yl]methyl}λ4-sulphanylidenecyanamide:






    
    
        known from WO 2008/027539 A1.
    
    
    compound (I-5), [[6-chloropyridin-3-yl]ethyl](methyl)oxido-λ4-sulphanylidenecyanamide:






    
    
        known from US patent application 2005/228027 A1, WO 2006/060029 A2, WO 2007/149134 A1 and WO 2008/097235.
    
    
    compound (I-6), [[6-chloropyridin-3-yl]ethyl](methyl)oxido-λ4-sulphanylidenecyanamide diastereomer:






    
    
        known from US patent application 2005/228027 A1 and WO 2007/149134 A1.
    
    
    compound (I-7), [[6-chloropyridin-3-yl]ethyl](methyl)oxido-λ4-sulphanylidenecyanamide diastereomer:






    
    
        known from US patent application 2005/228027 A1 and WO 2007/149134 A1.
    
    
    compound (I-8), [[6-trifluoromethylpyridin-3-yl]ethyl](methyl)oxido-λ4-sulphanylidenecyanamide:






    
    
        known from WO 2007/095229 A2, WO 2007/149134 A1, WO 2008/097235 A1 and WO 2008/207910 A1.
    
    
    compound (I-9), [[6-(1,1-difluoroethyl)pyrid-3-yl]ethyl](methyl)oxido-λ4-sulphanylidenecyanamide:






    
    
        known from WO 2007/095229 A2.
    
    
    compound (I-10), [[6-difluoromethylpyrid-3-yl]ethyl](methyl)oxido-λ4-sulphanylidenecyanamide:






    
    
        known from WO 2007/095229 A2.
    
    
    compound (I-11), methyl(oxido) {1-[2-(trichloromethyl)pyrid-3-yl]ethyl)}λ4-sulphanylidenecyanamide:






    
    
        known from WO 2007/095229 A2.
    
    
    compound (I-12), methyl(oxido) {1-[2-(pentafluoroethyl)pyrid-3-yl]ethyl}λ4-sulphanylidenecyanamide:






    
    
        known from WO 2007/095229 A2.
    
    
    compound (I-13), [[6-chlorodifluoromethylpyrid-3-yl]ethyl](methyl)oxido-λ4-sulphanylidenecyanamide:






    
    
        known from WO 2007/095229 A2.
    
    
    compound (I-14), methyl(oxido) {1-[2-(trifluoromethyl)-1,3-thiazol-5-yl]ethyl}λ4-sulphanylidenecyanamide:






    
    
        known from WO 2008/027539 A1.
    
    
    compound (I-15), methyl(oxido) {1-[6-(trifluormethyl)pyridin-3-yl]cyclopropyl}λ4-sulphanylidenecyanamide:






    
    
        known from WO 2008/027073 A1.
    
    
    compound (I-16), methyl(oxido) {1-(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)cyclopropyl}-λ4-sulphanylidenecyanamide:






    
    
        known from WO 2008/027073 A1.
    
    
    compound (I-17), 2-(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)-1-oxidotetrahydro-1H-1-λ4-thienylidenecyanamide:






    
    
        known from WO 2004/149134 A1.
    
    
    compound (I-18), 2-(6-trifluoromethylpyridin-3-yl)-1-oxidotetrahydro-1H-1-λ4-thienylidenecyanamide:






    
    
        known from WO 2004/149134 A1.
    
    
    compound (I-19), 1-oxo-2-(2-trifluoromethyl-1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethyl)tetrahydro-1-λ6-thiophen-1-ylidenecyanamide:






    
    
        known from WO 2008/027539 A1.
    
    
    compound (I-20), 1-oxo-2-(6-trifluoromethylpyrid-3-ylmethyl)tetrahydro-1-λ6-thiophen-1-ylidenecyanamide:






    
    
        known from WO 2007/095229 A2.
    
    
    compound (I-21), 1-oxo-2-(6-chloropyrid-3-ylmethyl)tetrahydro-1-λ6-thiophen-1-ylidenecyanamide:






    
    
        known from US patent application 2005/228027 A1.
    
    
    compound (I-22), 1-oxo-2-(6-chloropyrid-3-ylmethyl)tetrahydro-1-λ6-thiophen-1-ylidenecyanamide diastereomer:






    
    
        known from US patent application 2005/228027 A1.
    
    
    compound (I-23), 1-oxo-2-(6-chloropyrid-3-ylmethyl)tetrahydro-1-λ6-thiophen-1-ylidenecyanamide diastereomer:






    
    
        known from US patent application 2005/228027 A1.
    
    


Preference is given to the following sulphoximines of the formula (I):

    (I-1), [[6-chloropyridin-3-yl]methyl](methyl)oxido-λ4-sulphanylidenecyanamide,
    (I-2), [[6-trifluoromethylpyridin-3-yl]methyl](methyl)oxido-λ4-sulphanylidenecyanamide,
    (I-3), methyl(oxido) {[2-chloro-1,3-thiazol-5-yl]methyl}λ4-sulphanylidenecyanamide,
    (I-4), methyl(oxido) {[2-(trifluoromethyl)-1,3-thiazol-5-yl]methyl}λ4-sulphanylidenecyanamide,
    (I-5), [[6-chloropyridin-3-yl]ethyl](methyl)oxido-λ4-sulphanylidenecyanamide,
    (I-6), [[6-chloropyridin-3-yl]ethyl](methyl)oxido-λ4-sulphanylidenecyanamide diastereomer,
    (I-7), [[6-chloropyridin-3-yl]ethyl](methyl)oxido-λ4-sulphanylidenecyanamide diastereomer,
    (I-8), [[6-trifluoromethylpyridin-3-yl]ethyl](methyl)oxido-λ4-sulphanylidenecyanamide,
    (I-14), methyl(oxido) {1-[2-(trifluoromethyl)-1,3-thiazol-5-yl]ethyl}λ4-sulphanylidenecyanamide,
    (I-15), methyl(oxido) {1-[6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl]cyclopropyl}λ4-sulphanylidenecyanamide,
    (I-16), methyl(oxido) {1-(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)cyclopropyl}λ4-sulphanylidenecyanamide.


Particular preference is given to the following sulphoximines of the formula (I):

    (I-5), [[6-chloropyridin-3-yl]ethyl](methyl)oxido-λ4-sulphanylidenecyanamide,
    (I-6), [[6-chloropyridin-3-yl]ethyl](methyl)oxido-λ4-sulphanylidenecyanamide diastereomer,
    (I-7), [[6-chloropyridin-3-yl]ethyl](methyl)oxido-λ4-sulphanylidenecyanamide diastereomer,
    (I-8), [[6-trifluoromethylpyridin-3-yl]ethyl](methyl)oxido-λ4-sulphanylidenecyanamide,
    (I-15), methyl(oxido) {1-[6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl]cyclopropyl}λ4-sulphanylidenecyanamide,
    (I-16), methyl(oxido) {1-(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)cyclopropyl}λ4-sulphanylidenecyanamide.


If, in the context of the present invention, reference is now made to sulphoximines, these are generally sulphoximines of the general formula (I), where the general formula (I) includes in particular the compounds of groups (Ia) to (Ik), specifically the compounds of the general formulae (I-1) to (I-23).
According to the invention, “alkyl” represents straight-chain or branched aliphatic hydrocarbons having 1 to 6, preferably 1 to 4, carbon atoms. Suitable alkyl groups are, for example, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-, iso-, sec- or tert-butyl, pentyl or hexyl. The alkyl group may be unsubstituted or is substituted by at least one of the substituents mentioned here.
According to the invention, “alkenyl” represents straight-chain or branched hydrocarbons having at least one double bond. The double bond of the alkenyl group may be unconjugated or is conjugated to an unsaturated bond or group. Alkenyl groups having 2 to 6 or 3 to 6 carbon atoms are preferred. Suitable alkenyl groups are, for example, vinyl or allyl. The alkenyl group may be unsubstituted or is substituted by at least one of the substituents mentioned here.
According to the invention, “alkynyl” represents straight-chain or branched hydrocarbons having at least one triple bond. The triple bond of the alkynyl group may be unconjugated or is conjugated to an unsaturated bond or group. Alkynyl groups having 2 to 6 or 3 to 6 carbon atoms are preferred. Suitable alkynyl groups are, for example, ethynyl, propynyl, butynyl, pentynyl, hexynyl, methylpropynyl, 4-methyl-1-butynyl, 4-propyl-2-pentynyl and 4-butyl-2-hexynyl. The alkynyl group may be unsubstituted or is substituted by at least one of the substituents mentioned here.
According to the invention, “cycloalkyl” represents cyclic hydrocarbons having 3 to 6 carbon atoms. Suitable cycloalkyl groups are, for example, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl. The cycloalkyl group may be unsubstituted or is substituted by at least one of the substituents mentioned here.
According to the invention, “alkoxy” represents alkoxy groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Suitable alkoxy groups are, for example, methyloxy, ethyloxy, n-propyloxy, i-propyloxy, n-, iso-, sec- or tert-butyloxy, pentyloxy or hexyloxy. The alkoxy group may be unsubstituted or is substituted by at least one of the substituents mentioned here.
According to the invention, “alkylamino” represents alkylamino groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Suitable alkylamino groups are, for example, methylamino, ethylamino, n-propylamino, i-propylamino, n-, iso-, sec- or tert-butylamino, pentylamino or hexylamino. The alkylamino group may be unsubstituted or is substituted by at least one of the substituents mentioned here.
According to the invention, “heterocyclic compounds” represents cyclic hydrocarbons having preferably 3 to 14, particularly preferably 3 to 10 and very particularly preferably 5 to 6 carbon atoms which contain at least one heteroatom, such as, for example, nitrogen, oxygen or sulphur and which can be prepared by customary methods. The heterocyclic compounds may contain saturated and unsaturated bonds or groups which are additionally in conjugation with further unsaturated bonds or groups. Suitable heterocyclic compounds are, for example, oxirane, aziridine, azetidine, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran-2-one, caprolactam; unsaturated heterocyclic compounds, such as, for example, 2H-pyrrole, 4H-pyran, 1,4-dihydropyridine; and heteroaryls, such as, for example, pyrrole, pyrazole, imidazole, oxazole, isoxazole, thiazole, oxathiazole, triazole, tetrazole, pyridine, pyridazine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, purine, pteridine, quinoline, isoquinoline, acridine and phenazine. The heterocyclic compounds may be unsubstituted or are substituted by at least one of the substituents mentioned here.
According to the invention, “halogen” represents fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine, preferably fluorine, chlorine or bromine.
According to the invention, “haloalkyl” represents alkyl groups having 1 to 6, preferably 1 to 4, carbon atoms in which at least one hydrogen atom has been replaced by a halogen. Suitable haloalkyl groups are, for example, CH2F, CHF2, CF3, CF2Cl, CFCl2, CCl3, CF2Br, CF2CF3, CFHCF3, CH2CF3, CH2CH2F, CH2CHF2, CFCICF3, CCl2CF3, CF2CH3, CF2CH2F, CF2CHF2, CF2CF2Cl, CF2CF2Br, CFHCH3, CFHCHF2, CHFCF3, CHFCF2Cl, CHFCF2Br, CFCICF3, CCl2CF3, CF2CF2CF3, CH2CH2CH2F, CH2CHFCH3, CH2CF2CF3, CF2CH2CF3, CF2CF2CH3, CHFCF2CF3, CF2CHFCF3, CF2CF2CHF2, CF2CF2CH2F, CF2CF2CF2Cl, CF2CF2CF2Br, 1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl, pentafluoroethyl, 1-(difluoromethyl)-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl, 2-bromo-1,2,2-trifluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl, 1-(difluoromethyl)-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl. The haloalkyl group may be unsubstituted or is substituted by at least one of the substituents mentioned here.
According to the invention, “aryl” represents aryl groups having 6 to 10, preferably 6, carbon atoms. Suitable aryl groups are, for example, phenyl or naphthyl. The aryl group may be unsubstituted or is substituted by at least one of the substituents mentioned here.
Preference is given to mixtures of two or more, preferably two or three, particularly preferably two, of the insecticidally active compounds.
According to the process according to the invention, genetically modified plants, in particular useful plants, are treated with compounds of the formula (I) to increase agricultural productivity. For the purposes of the invention, genetically modified plants are plants containing at least one gene or gene fragment not transferred by fertilization. This gene or gene fragment may originate or be derived from another plant of the same species, from plants of a different species, but also from organisms from the animal kingdom or microorganisms (including viruses) (“foreign gene”) and/or, if appropriate, already have mutations compared to the natural sequence. According to the invention, it is also possible to use synthetic genes, which is also included in the term “foreign gene” here. It is also possible for a genetically modified plant to code for two or more foreign genes of different origin.
For the purposes of the invention, the “foreign gene” is further characterized in that it comprises a nucleic acid sequence which has a certain biological or chemical function or activity in the genetically modified plant. In general, these genes code for biocatalysts, such as, for example, enzymes or ribozymes, or else they comprise regulatory sequences, such as, for example, promoters or terminators, for influencing the expression of endogenous proteins (for example using antisense-technology, cosuppression technology or RNAi technology [RNA interference]). However, to this end, they may also code for regulatory proteins, such as, for example, repressors or inductors. Furthermore, the foreign gene may also serve for the targeted localization of a gene product of the genetically modified plant, coding, for example, for a signal sequence. The foreign gene may also code for inhibitors, such as, for example, antisense RNA.
The person skilled in the art is readily familiar with numerous different methods for producing genetically modified plants and methods for targeted mutagenesis, for gene transformation and cloning, for example from: Willmitzer, 1993, Transgenic plants, In: Biotechnology, A Multivolume Comprehensive Treatise, Rehm et al. (eds.), Vol. 2, 627-659, VCH Weinheim, Germany.
An example of a complex genetic manipulation of a useful plant is the so-called GURT technology (“Genetic Use Restriction Technologies”) which allows technical control of the propagation of the genetically modified plant variety in question. To this end, in general two or three foreign genes are cloned into the useful plant which, in a complex interaction after administration of an external stimulus, trigger a cascade resulting in the death of the embryo which would otherwise develop. To this end, the external stimulus (for example an active compound or another chemical or abiotic stimulus) may interact, for example, with a repressor which then no longer suppresses the expression of a recombinase, so that the recombinase is able to cleave an inhibitor, thus allowing expression of a toxin causing the embryo to die. Examples of this type of genetically modified plants are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,723,765 or U.S. Pat. No. 5,808,034.
Accordingly, the person skilled in the art is familiar with processes for generating genetically modified plants which, by virtue of the integration of regulatory foreign genes and the overexpression, suppression or inhibition of endogenous genes or gene sequences mediated in this manner, if appropriate, or by virtue of the existence or expression of foreign genes or fragments thereof, have modified properties.
As already discussed above, the method according to the invention allows improved utilization of the production potential of genetically modified plants. On the one hand, this may, if appropriate, be based on the fact that the application rate of the active compound which can be employed according to the invention can be reduced, for example by lowering the dose employed or else by reducing the number of applications. On the other hand, if appropriate, the yield of the useful plants may be increased quantitatively and/or qualitatively. This is true in particular in the case of a transgenically generated resistance to biotic or abiotic stress. If, for example, compounds of the formula (I) are used, the dosage of the insecticide may in certain cases be limited to a sublethal dose, without this resulting in a significant weakening of the desired effect of the active compound on the pests.
Depending on the plant species or plant varieties, their location and the growth conditions (soils, climate, vegetation period, nutrients), these synergistic actions may vary and may be multifarious. Thus possible are, for example, reduced application rates and/or a widening of the activity spectrum and/or an increase of the activity of the compounds and compositions which can be used according to the invention, better plant growth, increased tolerance to high or low temperatures, increased tolerance to drought or to water or soil salt content, increased flowering, easier harvesting, accelerated maturation, higher harvest yields, higher quality and/or higher nutrient value of the harvested products, increased storability and/or processability of the harvested products, which exceed the effects normally to be expected.
These advantages are the result of a synergistic action, achieved according to the invention, between the compounds of the formula (I) which can be employed and the respective principle of action of the genetic modification of the genetically modified plant. This reduction of production means as a result of the synergism, with simultaneous yield or quality increase, is associated with considerable economical and ecological advantages.
A list of examples known to the person skilled in the art of genetically modified plants, with the respective affected structure in the plant or the protein expressed by the genetic modification in the plant being mentioned, is compiled in Table 1. Here, the structure in question or the principle expressed is in each case grouped with a certain feature in the sense of a tolerance to a certain stress factor. A similar list (Table 3) compiles—in a slightly different arrangement—likewise examples of principles of action, tolerances induced thereby and possible useful plants. Further examples of genetically modified plants suitable for the treatment according to the invention are compiled in Tables 4 to 6.
In an advantageous embodiment, the compounds of the formula (I) are used for treating genetically modified plants comprising at least one gene or gene fragment coding for a Bt toxin. A Bt toxin is a protein originating from or derived from the soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis which either belongs to the group of the crystal toxins (Cry) or the cytolytic toxins (Cyt). In the bacterium, they are originally formed as protoxins and only metabolized in alkaline medium—for example in the digestive tract of certain feed insects—to their active form. There, the active toxin then binds to certain hydrocarbon structures at cell surfaces causing pores to be formed which destroy the osmotic potential of the cell, which may effect cell lysis. The result is the death of the insects. Bt toxins are active in particular against certain harmful species from the orders of the Lepidoptera (butterflies), Homoptera, Diptera and Coleoptera (beetles) in all their development stages; i.e. from the egg larva via their juvenile forms to their adult forms.
It has been known for a long time that gene sequences coding for Bt toxins, parts thereof or else peptides or proteins derived from Bt toxins can be cloned with the aid of genetical engineering into agriculturally useful plants to generate genetically modified plants having endogenous resistance to pests sensitive to Bt toxins. For the purposes of the invention, the genetically modified plants coding for at least one Bt toxin or proteins derived therefrom are defined as “Bt plants”.
The “first generation” of such Bt plants generally only comprise the genes enabling the formation of a certain toxin, thus only providing resistance to one group of pathogens. An example of a commercially available maize variety comprising the gene for forming the Cry1Ab toxin is “YieldGard®” from Monsanto which is resistant to the European corn borer. A known line of the “YieldGard®” maize from Monsanto is line MON 810. In contrast, in the Bt cotton variety (“Bollgard I®”), resistance to other pathogens from the family of the Lepidoptera is generated by introduction by cloning of the genes for forming the Cry1Ac toxin. “Bollgard II®” is a cotton variety which expresses the toxins Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab. Other genetically modified crop plants, in turn, express genes for forming Bt toxins with activity against pathogens from the order of the Coleoptera. Examples that may be mentioned are the Bt potato variety “NewLeaf” (Monsanto) capable of forming the Cry3A toxin, which is thus resistant to the Colorado potato beetle, and the genetically modified maize variety “YieldGard Rootworm®” (Monsanto) which forms the Cry3Bb1 toxin and is thus protected against various species of the Western corn rootworm. Further Bt toxins are the VIP proteins, for example VIP-3 with activity against pathogens from the orders of the Lepidoptera, Coleoptera and Diptera. An example of a cotton variety which expresses a VIP protein (Vip3A) together with Cry1Ab is “VIPCOT®” (Syngenta). Both proteins are highly active against two very common cotton pests, Helicoverpa armigera or zea (cotton bollworm) and Heliothis virescens (tobacco budworm).
In a “second generation”, the multiply genetically modified plants, already described above, comprising or expressing at least two foreign genes were generated. An example of this is the genetically modified maize variety “YieldGard Plus®” (Monsanto), which forms the Cry1Ab and the Cry3Bb1 toxins.
Preference according to the invention is given to genetically modified plants with Bt toxins from the group of the Cry family (see, for example, Crickmore et al., 1998, Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 62: 807-812), which are particularly effective against Lepidoptera, Coleoptera and Diptera.
Examples of genes coding for the proteins are:
cry1Aa1, cry1Aa2, cry1Aa3, cry1Aa4, cry1Aa5, cry1Aa6, cry1Aa7, cry1Aa8, cry1Aa9, cry1Aa10, cry1Aa11 cry1Ab1, cry1Ab2, cry1Ab3, cry1Ab4, cry1Ab5, cry1Ab6, cry1Ab7, cry1Ab8, cry1Ab9, cry1Ab10, cry1Ab11, cry1Ab12, cry1Ab13, cry1Ab14, cry1Ac1, cry1Ac2, cry1Ac3, cry1Ac4, cry1Ac5, cry1Ac6, cry1Ac7, cry1Ac8, cry1Ac9, cry1Ac10, cry1Ac11, cry1Ac12, cry1Ac13, cry1Ad1, cry1Ad2, cry1Ae1, cry1Af1, cry1Ag1, cry1Ba1, cry1Ba2, cry1Bb1, cry1Bc1, cry1Bd1, cry1Be1, cry1Ca1, cry1Ca2, cry1Ca3, cry1Ca4, cry1Ca5, cry1Ca6, cry1Ca7, cry1Cb1, cry1Cb2, cry1Da1, cry1Da2, cry1Db1, cry1Ea1, cry1Ea2, cry1Ea3, cry1Ea4, cry1Ea5, cry1Ea6, cry1Eb1, cry1Fa1, cry1Fa2, cry1Fb1, cry1Fb2, cry1Fb3, cry1Fb4, cry1Ga1, cry1Ga2, cry1Gb1, cry1Gb2, cry1Ha1, cry1Hb1, cry1Ia1, cry1Ia2, cry1Ia3, cry1Ia4, cry1Ia5, cry1Ia6, cry1Ib1, cry1Ic1, cry1Id1, cry1Ie1, cry1I-like, cry1Ja1, cry1Jb1, cry1Jc1, cry1Ka1, cry1-like, cry2Aa1, cry2Aa2, cry2Aa3, cry2Aa4, cry2Aa5, cry2Aa6, cry2Aa7, cry2Aa8, cry2Aa9, cry2Ab1, cry2Ab2, cry2Ab3, cry2Ac1, cry2Ac2, cry2Ad1, cry3Aa1, cry3Aa2, cry3Aa3, cry3Aa4, cry3Aa5, cry3Aa6, cry3Aa7, cry3Ba1, cry3Ba2, cry3Bb1, cry3Bb2, cry3Bb3, cry3Ca1, cry4Aa1, cry4Aa2, cry4Ba1, cry4Ba2, cry4Ba3, cry4Ba4, cry5Aa1, cry5Ab1, cry5Ac1, cry5Ba1, cry6Aa1, cry6Ba1, cry7Aa1, cry7Ab1, cry7Ab2, cry8Aa1, cry8Ba1, cry8Ca1, cry9Aa1, cry9Aa2, cry9Ba1, cry9Ca1, cry9Da1, cry9Da2, cry9Ea1, cry9 like, cry10Aa1, cry10Aa2, cry11Aa1, cry11Aa2, cry11Ba1, cry11Bb1, cry12Aa1, cry13Aa1, cry14Aa1, cry15Aa1, cry16Aa1, cry17Aa1, cry18Aa1, cry18Ba1, cry18Ca1, cry19Aa1, cry19Ba1, cry20Aa1, cry21Aa1, cry21Aa2, cry22Aa1, cry23Aa1, cry24Aa1, cry25Aa1, cry26Aa1, cry27Aa1, cry28Aa1, cry28Aa2, cry29Aa1, cry30Aa1, cry31Aa1, cytlAa1, cytlAa2, cytlAa3, cytlAa4, cytlAb1, cytlBa1, cyt2Aa1, cyt2Ba1, cyt2Ba2, cyt2Ba3, cyt2Ba4, cyt2Ba5, cyt2Ba6, cyt2Ba7, cyt2Ba8, cyt2Bb1.
Particular preference is given to the genes or gene sections of the subfamilies cry1, cry2, cry3, cry5 and cry9; especially preferred are cry1Ab, cry1Ac, cry3A, cry3B and cry9C.
Furthermore, it is preferred to use plants which, in addition to the genes for one or more Bt toxins, contain or express, if appropriate, also genes for expressing, for example, a protease or peptidase inhibitor (such as in WO-A 95/35031), of herbicide resistances (for example to glufosinate or glyphosate by expression of the pat gene or bar gene) or for becoming resistant to nematodes, fungi or viruses (for example by expressing a glucanase, chitinase). However, they may also be modified in their metabolic properties, so that they show a qualitative and/or quantitative change of ingredients (for example by modification of the energy, carbohydrate, fatty acid or nitrogen metabolism or of metabolite currents influencing these) (see above). An example of a maize cultivar which expresses the Cry1Fa2 toxin and the enzyme phosphinothricin N-acetyltransferase (PAT, provision of herbicide resistance to glufosinate ammonium) is “Herculex I®” (Pioneer/Dow AgroSciences). A maize cultivar which expresses a truncated Cry1Ab toxin and the enzyme PAT is Bt11 maize from Syngenta. Bt176 maize from Syngenta expresses a Cry1Ab toxin and the enzyme PAT.
Plants or plant varieties (obtained by plant biotechnology methods such as genetic engineering) which may also be treated according to the invention are insect-resistant transgenic plants, i.e. plants made resistant to attack by certain target insects. Such plants can be obtained by genetic transformation, or by selection of plants containing a mutation imparting such insect resistance.
In the present context, the term “insect-resistant transgenic plant” includes any plant containing at least one transgene comprising a coding sequence encoding:

    1) an insecticidal crystal protein from Bacillus thuringiensis or an insecticidal portion thereof, such as the insecticidal crystal proteins listed by Crickmore et al., Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews (1998) 62, 62, 807-813, updated by Crickmore et al. (2005) in the Bacillus thuringiensis toxin nomenclature, online at: www.lifesci.sussex.ac.uk/Home/Neil_Crickmore/Bt, or insecticidal portions thereof, for example proteins of the Cry protein classes Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, Cry1F, Cry2Ab, Cry3Ae or Cry3Bb or insecticidal portions thereof; or
    2) a crystal protein from Bacillus thuringiensis or a portion thereof which is insecticidal in the presence of a second other crystal protein from Bacillus thuringiensis or a portion thereof, such as the binary toxin made up of the Cy34 and Cy35 crystal proteins (Moellenbeck et al., Nat. Biotechnol. (2001), 19, 668-72; Schnepf et al., Applied Environm. Microb. (2006), 71, 1765-1774); or
    3) a hybrid insecticidal protein comprising parts of two different insecticidal crystal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis, such as a hybrid of the proteins of 1) above or a hybrid of the proteins of 2) above, for example the Cry1A.105 protein produced by maize event MON98034 (WO 2007/027777); or
    4) a protein of any one of 1) to 3) above wherein some, particularly 1 to 10, amino acids have been replaced by another amino acid to obtain a higher insecticidal activity against a target insect species, and/or to expand the range of target insect species affected, and/or because of changes induced in the encoding DNA during cloning or transformation, such as the Cry3Bb1 protein in maize events MON863 or MON88017, or the Cry3A protein in maize event MIR604; or
    5) an insecticidal secreted protein from Bacillus thuringiensis or Bacillus cereus, or an insecticidal portion thereof, such as the vegetative insecticidal proteins (VIP) listed at: http://www.lifesci.sussex.ac.uk/home/Neil_Crickmore/Bt/vip.html, for example proteins from the VIP3Aa protein class; or
    6) a secreted protein from Bacillus thuringiensis or Bacillus cereus which is insecticidal in the presence of a second secreted protein from Bacillus thuringiensis or B. cereus, such as the binary toxin made up of the VIP1A and VIP2A proteins (WO 94/21795); or 7) a hybrid insecticidal protein comprising parts from different secreted proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis or Bacillus cereus, such as a hybrid of the proteins in 1) above or a hybrid of the proteins in 2) above; or
    8) a protein of any one of 1) to 3) above wherein some, particularly 1 to 10, amino acids have been replaced by another amino acid to obtain a higher insecticidal activity against a target insect species, and/or to expand the range of target insect species affected, and/or because of changes induced in the encoding DNA during cloning or transformation (while still encoding an insecticidal protein), such as the VIP3Aa protein in cotton event COT 102.


Of course, insect-resistant transgenic plants, as used herein, also include any plant comprising a combination of genes encoding the proteins of any one of the above classes 1 to 8. In one embodiment, an insect-resistant plant contains more than one transgene encoding a protein of any one of the above classes 1 to 8, to expand the range of target insect species affected or to delay the development of insect resistance to the plants, by using different proteins insecticidal to the same target insect species but having a different mode of action, such as binding to different receptor binding sites in the insect.
A list of examples of principles of action which can be introduced by genetic modification into a useful plant and which are suitable for the treatment according to the invention on their own or in combination is compiled in Table 2. Under the header “AP” (active principle), this table contains the respective principle of action and associated therewith the pest to be controlled.
In a particularly preferred variant, the process according to the invention is used for treating genetically modified vegetable, maize, soya bean, cotton, tobacco, rice, potato and sugar beet varieties. These are preferably Bt plants.
The vegetable plants or varieties are, for example, the following useful plants:

    
    
        potatoes: preferably starch potatoes, sweet potatoes and table potatoes;
        root vegetables: preferably carrots, turnips (swedes, stubble turnips (Brassica rapa var. rapa), spring turnips, autumn turnips (Brassica campestris ssp. rapifera)), Brassica rapa L. ssp. rapa f. teltowiensis), scorzonera, Jerusalem artichoke, turnip-rooted parsley, parsnip, radish and horseradish;
        tuber vegetables: preferably kohlrabi, beetroot, celeriac, garden radish;
        bulb crops: preferably scallion, leek and onions (planting onions and seed onions);
        brassica vegetables: preferably headed cabbage (white cabbage, red cabbage, kale, savoy cabbage), cauliflower, broccoli, curly kale, marrow-stem kale, seakale and Brussels sprouts;
        fruiting vegetables: preferably tomatoes (outdoor tomatoes, vine-ripened tomatoes, beef tomatoes, greenhouse tomatoes, cocktail tomatoes, industrial and fresh market tomatoes), melons, eggplants, aubergines, pepper (sweet pepper and hot pepper, Spanish pepper), chilli pepper, pumpkins, courgettes and cucumbers (outdoor cucumbers, greenhouse cucumbers, snake gourds and gherkins);
        vegetable pulses: preferably bush beans (as sword beans, string beans, flageolet beans, wax beans, corn beans of green- and yellow-podded cultivars), pole beans (as sword beans, string beans, flageolet beans, wax beans of green-, blue- and yellow-podded cultivars), broadbeans (field beans, Windsor beans, cultivars having white- and black-spotted flowers), peas (chickling vetch, chickpeas, marrow peas, shelling peas, sugar peas, smooth peas, cultivars having light- and dark-green fresh fruits) and lentils;
        green vegetables and stem vegetables: preferably Chinese cabbage, round-headed garden lettuce, curled lettuce, lamb's-lettuce, iceberg lettuce, romaine lettuce, oakleaf lettuce, endives, radicchio, lollo rossa, ruccola lettuce, chicory, spinach, chard (leaf chard and stem chard) and parsley;
        other vegetables: preferably asparagus, rhubarb, chives, artichokes, mint varieties, sunflowers, Florence fennel, dill, garden cress, mustard, poppy seed, peanuts, sesame and salad chicory.
    
    


Bt vegetables including exemplary methods for preparing them are described in detail, for example, in Barton et al., 1987, Plant Physiol. 85: 1103-1109; Vaeck et al., 1987, Nature 328: 33-37; Fischhoff et al., 1987, Bio/Technology 5: 807-813. In addition, Bt vegetable plants are already known as commercially available varieties, for example the potato cultivar NewLeaf (Monsanto). The preparation of Bt vegetables is also described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,072,105.
Likewise, Bt cotton is already known in principle, for example from U.S. Pat. No. 5,322,938. In the context of the present invention, particular preference is given to the Bt cotton with the trade names NuCOTN33® and NuCOTN33B® (expression of the Cry1Ac toxin).
The use and preparation of Bt maize has likewise already been known for a long time, for example from Ishida, Y., Saito, H., Ohta, S., Hiei, Y., Komari, T., and Kumashiro, T. (1996). High efficiency transformation of maize (Zea mayz L.) mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Nature Biotechnology 4: 745-750. EP-B-0485506, too, describes the preparation of Bt maize plants. Furthermore, different varieties of Bt maize are commercially available, for example under the following trade names (company/companies is/are in each case given in brackets): KnockOut® (Novartis Seeds, expression of the Cry1Ab toxin), NaturGard® (Mycogen Seeds, expression of the Cry1Ab toxin), Yieldgard® (Novartis Seeds, Monsanto, Cargill, Golden Harvest, Pioneer, DeKalb, inter alia, expression of the Cry1Ab toxin), Bt-Xtra® (DeKalb, expression of the Cry1Ac toxin), StarLink® (Aventis CropScience, Garst inter alia, expression of the Cry9c toxin), Herculex 1 (Mycogen, Pioneer, expression of the Cry1F toxin). For the purposes of the present invention, particular preference is given especially to the following maize cultivars: KnockOut®, NaturGard®, Yieldgard®, Bt-Xtra® and StarLink®.
Plants or plant varieties (obtained by plant biotechnology methods such as genetic engineering) which may be treated according to the invention are herbicide-tolerant plants, i.e. plants made tolerant to one or more given herbicides. Such plants can be obtained either by genetic transformation, or by selection of plants containing a mutation imparting such herbicide tolerance.
Herbicide-tolerant plants are for example glyphosate-tolerant plants, i.e. plants made tolerant to the herbicide glyphosate or salts thereof. For example, glyphosate-tolerant plants can be obtained by transforming the plant with a gene encoding the enzyme 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS). Examples of such EPSPS genes are the AroA gene (mutant CT7) of the bacterium Salmonella typhimurium (Comai et al., Science (1983), 221, 370-371), the CP4 gene of the bacterium Agrobacterium sp. (Barry et al., Curr. Topics Plant Physiol. (92), 7, 139-145), the genes encoding a petunia EPSPS (Shah et al., Science (1986), 233, 478-481), a tomato EPSPS (Gasser et al., J. Biol. Chem. (1988), 263, 4280-4289) or an Eleusine EPSPS (WO 2001/66704). It can also be a mutated EPSPS, as described, for example, in EP-A 0837944, WO 2000/066746, WO 2000/066747 or WO 2002/026995. Glyphosate-tolerant plants can also be obtained by expressing a gene that encodes a glyphosate oxidoreductase enzyme as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,776,760 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,463,175. Glyphosate-tolerant plants can also be obtained by expressing a gene that encodes a glyphosate acetyl transferase enzyme as described, for example, in WO 2002/036782, WO 2003/092360, WO 2005/012515 and WO 2007/024782. Glyphosate-tolerant plants can also be obtained by selecting plants containing naturally occurring mutations of the above-mentioned genes as described, for example, in WO 2001/024615 or WO 2003/013226.
Other herbicide-resistant plants are for example plants have been made tolerant to herbicides inhibiting the enzyme glutamine synthase, such as bialaphos, phosphinothricin or glufosinate. Such plants can be obtained by expressing an enzyme detoxifying the herbicide or a mutant glutamine synthase enzyme that is resistant to inhibition. One such efficient detoxifying enzyme is, for example, an enzyme encoding a phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (such as the bar or pat protein from Streptomyces species). Plants expressing an exogenous phosphinothricin acetyltransferase have been described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 5,561,236; U.S. Pat. No. 5,648,477; U.S. Pat. No. 5,646,024; U.S. Pat. No. 5,273,894; U.S. Pat. No. 5,637,489; U.S. Pat. No. 5,276,268; U.S. Pat. No. 5,739,082; U.S. Pat. No. 5,908,810 and U.S. Pat. No. 7,112,665.
Further herbicide-tolerant plants are also plants that have been made tolerant to the herbicides inhibiting the enzyme hydroxyphenylpyruvatedioxygenase (HPPD). Hydroxyphenylpyruvatedioxygenases are enzymes that catalyse the reaction in which para-hydroxyphenylpyruvate (HPP) is transformed into homogentisate. Plants tolerant to HPPD inhibitors can be transformed with a gene encoding a naturally occurring resistant HPPD enzyme, or a gene encoding a mutated HPPD enzyme according to WO 96/038567, WO 99/024585 and WO 99/024586. Tolerance to HPPD inhibitors can also be obtained by transforming plants with genes encoding certain enzymes enabling the formation of homogentisate despite the inhibition of the native HPPD enzyme by the HPPD inhibitor. Such plants and genes are described in WO 99/034008 and WO 2002/36787. Tolerance of plants to HPPD inhibitors can also be improved by transforming plants with a gene encoding an prephenate dehydrogenase enzyme in addition to a gene encoding an HPPD-tolerant enzyme, as described in WO 2004/024928.
Further herbicide-resistant plants are plants that have been made tolerant to acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors. Known ALS inhibitors include, for example, sulphonylurea, imidazolinone, triazolopyrimidines, pyrimidinyloxy(thio)benzoates, and/or sulphonylaminocarbonyltriazolinone herbicides. Different mutations in the ALS enzyme (also known as acetohydroxy acid synthase, AHAS) are known to impart tolerance to different herbicides and groups of herbicides, as described, for example, in Tranel and Wright, Weed Science (2002), 50, 700-712, and also in U.S. Pat. No. 5,605,011, U.S. Pat. No. 5,378,824, U.S. Pat. No. 5,141,870 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,013,659. The production of sulphonylurea-tolerant plants and imidazolinone-tolerant plants has been described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,605,011; U.S. Pat. No. 5,013,659; U.S. Pat. No. 5,141,870; U.S. Pat. No. 5,767,361; U.S. Pat. No. 5,731,180; U.S. Pat. No. 5,304,732; U.S. Pat. No. 4,761,373; U.S. Pat. No. 5,331,107; U.S. Pat. No. 5,928,937; and U.S. Pat. No. 5,378,824; and also in the international publication WO 96/033270. Further imidazolinone-tolerant plants have also been described, for example in WO 2004/040012, WO 2004/106529, WO 2005/020673, WO 2005/093093, WO 2006/007373, WO 2006/015376, WO 2006/024351 and WO 2006/060634. Further sulphonylurea- and imidazolinone-tolerant plants have also been described, for example in WO 2007/024782.
Other plants tolerant to imidazolinone and/or sulphonylurea can be obtained by induced mutagenesis, by selection in cell cultures in the presence of the herbicide or by mutation breeding, as described, for example, for soya beans in U.S. Pat. No. 5,084,082, for rice in WO 97/41218, for sugar beet in U.S. Pat. No. 5,773,702 and WO 99/057965, for lettuce in U.S. Pat. No. 5,198,599 or for sunflower in WO 2001/065922.
For soya beans, too, Roundup®Ready varieties or varieties having resistance to the herbicide Liberty Link® can be obtained and treated according to the invention. In the case of rice, a large number of “Golden Rice” lines are available which are likewise characterized in that, by virtue of a genetic modification, they have an increased content of provitamin A. These too are examples of plants which can be treated by the process according to the invention, with the advantages indicated.
Plants or plant varieties (obtained by plant biotechnology methods such as genetic engineering) which may also be treated according to the invention are tolerant to abiotic stress factors. Such plants can be obtained by genetic transformation, or by selection of plants containing a mutation imparting such stress resistance. Particularly useful stress-tolerant plants include the following:

    a. plants which contain a transgene capable of reducing the expression and/or the activity of the poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase (PARP) gene in the plant cells or plants, as described in WO 2000/004173 or EP 04077984.5 or EP 06009836.5.
    b. plants which contain a stress tolerance-enhancing transgene capable of reducing the expression and/or the activity of the PARG encoding genes of the plants or plant cells, as described, for example, in WO 2004/090140;
    c. plants which contain a stress tolerance-enhancing transgene coding for a plant-functional enzyme of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide salvage biosynthesis pathway, including nicotinamidase, nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase, nicotinic acid mononucleotide adenyl transferase, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide synthetase or nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase, as described, for example, in EP 04077624.7 or WO 2006/133827 or PCT/EP07/002433.


Plants or plant varieties (obtained by plant biotechnology methods such as genetic engineering) which may also be treated according to the invention show altered quantity, quality and/or storage-stability of the harvested product and/or altered properties of specific ingredients of the harvested product such as, for example:

    1) Transgenic plants synthesizing a modified starch which, with respect to their physicochemical properties, in particular the amylose content or the amylose/amylopectin ratio, the degree of branching, the average chain length, the distribution of the side chains, the viscosity behaviour, the gel strength, the starch grain size and/or the starch grain morphology, are modified compared to the starch synthesized in wild-type plant celle or plants, such that the starch synthesized is more suitable for certain applications. These transgenic plants synthesizing a modified starch are described, for example, in EP 0571427, WO 95/004826, EP 0719338, WO 96/15248, WO 96/19581, WO 96/27674, WO 97/11188, WO 97/26362, WO 97/32985, WO 97/42328, WO 97/44472, WO 97/45545, WO 98/27212, WO 98/40503, WO 99/58688, WO 99/58690, WO 99/58654, WO 2000/008184, WO 2000/008185, WO 2000/28052, WO 2000/77229, WO 2001/12782, WO 2001/12826, WO 2002/101059, WO 2003/071860, WO 2004/056999, WO 2005/030942, WO 2005/030941, WO 2005/095632, WO 2005/095617, WO 2005/095619, WO 2005/095618, WO 2005/123927, WO 2006/018319, WO 2006/103107, WO 2006/108702, WO 2007/009823, WO 2000/22140, WO 2006/063862, WO 2006/072603, WO 2002/034923, EP 06090134.5, EP 06090228.5, EP 06090227.7, EP 07090007.1, EP 07090009.7, WO 2001/14569, WO 2002/79410, WO 2003/33540, WO 2004/078983, WO 2001/975, WO 95/26407, WO 96/34968, WO 98/20145, WO 99/12950, WO 99/66050, WO 99/53072, U.S. Pat. No. 6,734,341, WO 2000/11192, WO 98/22604, WO 98/32326, WO 2001/98509, WO 2001/98509, WO 2005/002359, U.S. Pat. No. 5,824,790, U.S. Pat. No. 6,013,861, WO 94/004693, WO 94/009144, WO 94/11520, WO 95/35026 and WO 97/20936.
    2) transgenic plants which synthesize non-starch carbohydrate polymers or which synthesize non-starch carbohydrate polymers with altered properties in comparison to wild type plants without genetic modification. Examples are plants which produce polyfructose, especially of the inulin and levan types, as described in EP 0663956, WO 96/001904, WO 96/021023, WO 98/039460 and WO 99/024593, plants which produce alpha-1,4-glucans, as described in WO 95/031553, US 2002/031826, U.S. Pat. No. 6,284,479, U.S. Pat. No. 5,712,107, WO 97/047806, WO 97/047807, WO 97/047808 and WO 2000/14249, plants which produce alpha-1,6-branched alpha-1,4-glucans, as described in WO 2000/73422, and plants which produce alternan, as described in WO 2000/047727, EP 06077301.7, U.S. Pat. No. 5,908,975 and EP 0728213.
    3) transgenic plants which produce hyaluronan, as described, for example, in WO 2006/032538, WO 2007/039314, WO 2007/039315, WO 2007/039316, JP 2006/304779 and WO 2005/012529.


Plants or plant varieties (obtained by plant biotechnology methods such as genetic engineering) which may also be treated according to the invention are plants, such as cotton plants, with altered fibre characteristics. Such plants can be obtained by genetic transformation, or by selection of plants containing a mutation imparting such altered fibre characteristics and include:

    a) plants, such as cotton plants, which contain an altered form of cellulose synthase genes, as described in WO 98/000549,
    b) plants, such as cotton plants, which contain an altered form of rsw2 or rsw3 homologous nucleic acids, as described in WO 2004/053219;
    c) plants, such as cotton plants, with an increased expression of sucrose phosphate synthase, as described in WO 2001/017333;
    d) plants, such as cotton plants, with an increased expression of sucrose synthase, as described in WO 2002/45485;
    e) plants, such as cotton plants, wherein the timing of the plasmodesmatal gating at the basis of the fibre cell is altered, for example through downregulation of fibre-selective (3-1,3-glucanase, as described in WO 2005/017157;
    f) plants, such as cotton plants, which have fibres with altered reactivity, for example through the expression of the N-acetylglucosaminetransferase gene including nodC and chitin synthase genes, as described in WO 2006/136351.


Plants or plant cultivars (obtained by plant biotechnology methods such as genetic engineering) which may also be treated according to the invention are plants, such as oilseed rape or related Brassica plants, with altered oil profile characteristics. Such plants can be obtained by genetic transformation or by selection of plants containing a mutation imparting such altered oil characteristics and include:

    a) plants, such as oilseed rape plants, which produce oil having a high oleic acid content, as described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 5,969,169, U.S. Pat. No. 5,840,946 or U.S. Pat. No. 6,323,392 or U.S. Pat. No. 6,063,947;
    b) plants, such as oilseed rape plants, which produce oil having a low linolenic acid content, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,270,828, U.S. Pat. No. 6,169,190 or U.S. Pat. No. 5,965,755.
    c) plants, such as oilseed rape plants, which produce oil having a low level of saturated fatty acids, as described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 5,434,283.


Particularly useful transgenic plants which may be treated according to the invention are plants containing transformation events, or a combination of transformation events, that are listed for example in the databases of various national or regional regulatory agencies (see for example, gmoinfo.jrc.it/gmp_browse.aspx and www.agbios.com/dbase.php)
The method according to the invention is suitable for controlling a large number of harmful organisms which occur in particular in vegetables, maize and cotton, in particular insects and arachnids, very particularly preferably insects. The pests mentioned include:

    
    
        From the order of the Anoplura (Phthiraptera), for example, Damalinia spp., Haematopinus spp., Linognathus spp., Pediculus spp., Trichodectes spp.
        From the class of the Arachnida, for example, Acarus siro, Aceria sheldoni, Aculops spp., Aculus spp., Amblyomma spp., Argas spp., Boophilus spp., Brevipalpus spp., Bryobia praetiosa, Chorioptes spp., Dermanyssus gallinae, Eotetranychus spp., Epitrimerus pyri, Eutetranychus spp., Eriophyes spp., Hemitarsonemus spp., Hyalomma spp., Ixodes spp., Latrodectus mactans, Metatetranychus spp., Oligonychus spp., Ornithodoros spp., Panonychus spp., Phyllocoptruta oleivora, Polyphagotarsonemus latus, Psoroptes spp., Rhipicephalus spp., Rhizoglyphus spp., Sarcoptes spp., Scorpio maurus, Stenotarsonemus spp., Tarsonemus spp., Tetranychus spp., Vasates lycopersici. 
        From the class of the Bivalva, for example, Dreissena spp.
        From the order of the Chilopoda, for example, Geophilus carpophagus and Scutigera spp.
        From the order of the Coleoptera, for example, Acanthoscelides obtectus, Adoretus spp., Agelastica alni, Agriotes spp., Amphimallon solstitialis, Anobium punctatum, Anoplophora spp., Anthonomus spp., Anthrenus spp., Apogonia spp., Atomaria spp., Attagenus spp., Bruchidius obtectus, Bruchus spp., Ceuthorhynchus spp., Cleonus mendicus, Conoderus spp., Cosmopolites spp., Costelytra zealandica, Curculio spp., Cryptorhynchus lapathi, Dermestes spp., Diabrotica spp., Epilachna spp., Faustinus cubae, Gibbium psylloides, Heteronychus arator, Hylamorpha elegans, Hylotrupes bajulus, Hypera postica, Hypothenemus spp., Lachnosterna consanguinea, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus, Lixus spp., Lyctus spp., Meligethes aeneus, Melolontha melolontha, Migdolus spp., Monochamus spp., Naupactus xanthographus, Niptus hololeucus, Oryctes rhinoceros, Oryzaephilus surinamensis, Otiorrhynchus sulcatus, Oxycetonia jucunda, Phaedon cochleariae, Phyllophaga spp., Popillia japonica, Premnotrypes spp., Psylliodes chrysocephala, Ptinus spp., Rhizobius ventralis, Rhizopertha dominica, Sitophilus spp., Sphenophorus spp., Sternechus spp., Symphyletes spp., Tenebrio molitor, Tribolium spp., Trogoderma spp., Tychius spp., Xylotrechus spp., Zabrus spp.
        From the order of the Collembola, for example, Onychiurus armatus. 
        From the order of the Dermaptera, for example, Forficula auricularia. 
        From the order of the Diptera, for example, Aedes spp., Anopheles spp., Bibio hortulanus, Calliphora erythrocephala, Ceratitis capitata, Chrysomyia spp., Cochliomyia spp., Cordylobia anthropophaga, Culex spp., Cuterebra spp., Dacus oleae, Dermatobia hominis, Drosophila spp., Fannia spp., Gastrophilus spp., Hylemyia spp., Hyppobosca spp., Hypoderma spp., Liriomyza spp. Lucilia spp., Musca spp., Nezara spp., Oestrus spp., Oscinella frit, Pegomyia hyoscyami, Phorbia spp., Stomoxys spp., Tabanus spp., Tannia spp., Tipula paludosa, Wohlfahrtia spp.
        From the class of the Gastropoda, for example, Arion spp., Biomphalaria spp., Bulinus spp., Deroceras spp., Galba spp., Lymnaea spp., Oncomelania spp., Succinea spp.
        From the class of the helminths, for example, Ancylostoma duodenale, Ancylostoma ceylanicum, Acylostoma braziliensis, Ancylostoma spp., Ascaris lumbricoides, Ascaris spp., Brugia malayi, Brugia timori, Bunostomum spp., Chabertia spp., Clonorchis spp., Cooperia spp., Dicrocoelium spp, Dictyocaulus filaria, Diphyllobothrium latum, Dracunculus medinensis, Echinococcus granulosus, Echinococcus multilocularis, Enterobius vermicularis, Faciola spp., Haemonchus spp., Heterakis spp., Hymenolepis nana, Hyostrongulus spp., Loa Loa, Nematodirus spp., Oesophagostomum spp., Opisthorchis spp., Onchocerca volvulus, Ostertagia spp., Paragonimus spp., Schistosomen spp., Strongyloides fuelleborni, Strongyloides stercoralis, Stronyloides spp., Taenia saginata, Taenia solium, Trichinella spiralis, Trichinella nativa, Trichinella britovi, Trichinella nelsoni, Trichinella pseudopsiralis, Trichostrongulus spp., Trichuris trichiura, Wuchereria bancrofti. 
        It is furthermore possible to control Protozoa, such as Eimeria. 
        From the order of the Heteroptera, for example, Anasa tristis, Antestiopsis spp., Blissus spp., Calocoris spp., Campylomma livida, Cavelerius spp., Cimex spp., Creontiades dilutus, Dasynus piperis, Dichelops furcatus, Diconocoris hewetti, Dysdercus spp., Euschistus spp., Eurygaster spp., Heliopeltis spp., Horcias nobilellus, Leptocorisa spp., Leptoglossus phyllopus, Lygus spp., Macropes excavatus, Miridae, Nezara spp., Oebalus spp., Pentomidae, Piesma quadrata, Piezodorus spp., Psallus seriatus, Pseudacysta persea, Rhodnius spp., Sahlbergella singularis, Scotinophora spp., Stephanitis nashi, Tibraca spp., Triatoma spp.
        From the order of the Homoptera, for example, Acyrthosipon spp., Aeneolamia spp., Agonoscena spp., Aleurodes spp., Aleurolobus barodensis, Aleurothrixus spp., Amrasca spp., Anuraphis cardui, Aonidiella spp., Aphanostigma piri, Aphis spp., Arboridia apicalis, Aspidiella spp., Aspidiotus spp., Atanus spp., Aulacorthum solani, Bemisia spp., Brachycaudus helichrysii, Brachycolus spp., Brevicoryne brassicae, Calligypona marginata, Carneocephala fulgida, Ceratovacuna lanigera, Cercopidae, Ceroplastes spp., Chaetosiphon fragaefolii, Chionaspis tegalensis, Chlorita onukii, Chromaphis juglandicola, Chrysomphalus ficus, Cicadulina mbila, Coccomytilus halli, Coccus spp., Cryptomyzus ribis, Dalbulus spp., Dialeurodes spp., Diaphorina spp., Diaspis spp., Doralis spp., Drosicha spp., Dysaphis spp., Dysmicoccus spp., Empoasca spp., Eriosoma spp., Erythroneura spp., Euscelis bilobatus, Geococcus coffeae, Homalodisca coagulata, Hyalopterus arundinis, Icerya spp., Idiocerus spp., Idioscopus spp., Laodelphax striatellus, Lecanium spp., Lepidosaphes spp., Lipaphis erysimi, Macrosiphum spp., Mahanarva fimbriolata, Melanaphis sacchari, Metcalfiella spp., Metopolophium dirhodum, Monellia costalis, Monelliopsis pecanis, Myzus spp., Nasonovia ribisnigri, Nephotettix spp., Nilaparvata lugens, Oncometopia spp., Orthezia praelonga, Parabemisia myricae, Paratrioza spp., Parlatoria spp., Pemphigus spp., Peregrinus maidis, Phenacoccus spp., Phloeomyzus passerinii, Phorodon humuli, Phylloxera spp., Pinnaspis aspidistrae, Planococcus spp., Protopulvinaria pyriformis, Pseudaulacaspis pentagona, Pseudococcus spp., Psylla spp., Pteromalus spp., Pyrilla spp., Quadraspidiotus spp., Quesada gigas, Rastrococcus spp., Rhopalosiphum spp., Saissetia spp., Scaphoides titanus, Schizaphis graminum, Selenaspidus articulatus, Sogata spp., Sogatella furcifera, Sogatodes spp., Stictocephala festina, Tenalaphara malayensis, Tinocallis caryaefoliae, Tomaspis spp., Toxoptera spp., Trialeurodes vaporariorum, Trioza spp., Typhlocyba spp., Unaspis spp., Viteus vitifolii. 
        From the order of the Hymenoptera, for example, Diprion spp., Hoplocampa spp., Lasius spp., Monomorium pharaonis and Vespa spp.
        From the order of the Isopoda, for example, Armadillidium vulgare, Oniscus asellus, Porcellio scaber. 
        From the order of the Isoptera, for example, Reticulitermes spp. and Odontotermes spp.
        From the order of the Lepidoptera, for example, Acronicta major, Aedia leucomelas, Agrotis spp., Alabama argillacea, Anticarsia spp., Barathra brassicae, Bucculatrix thurberiella, Bupalus piniarius, Cacoecia podana, Capua reticulana, Carpocapsa pomonella, Cheimatobia brumata, Chilo spp., Choristoneura fumiferana, Clysia ambiguella, Cnaphalocerus spp., Earias insulana, Ephestia kuehniella, Euproctis chrysorrhoea, Euxoa spp., Feltia spp., Galleria mellonella, Helicoverpa spp., Heliothis spp., Hofmannophila pseudospretella, Homona magnanima, Hyponomeuta padella, Laphygma spp., Lithocolletis blancardella, Lithophane antennata, Loxagrotis albicosta, Lymantria spp., Malacosoma neustria, Mamestra brassicae, Mocis repanda, Mythimna separata, Oria spp., Oulema oryzae, Panolis flammea, Pectinophora gossypiella, Phyllocnistis citrella, Pieris spp., Plutella xylostella, Prodenia spp., Pseudaletia spp., Pseudoplusia includens, Pyrausta nubilalis, Spodoptera spp., Thermesia gemmatalis, Tinea pellionella, Tineola bisselliella, Tortrix viridana, Trichoplusia spp.
        From the order of the Orthoptera, for example, Acheta domesticus, Blatta orientalis, Blattella germanica, Gryllotalpa spp., Leucophaea maderae, Locusta spp., Melanoplus spp., Periplaneta americana, Schistocerca gregaria. 
        From the order of the Siphonaptera, for example, Ceratophyllus spp. and Xenopsylla cheopis. 
        From the order of the Symphyla, for example, Scutigerella immaculata. 
        From the order of the Thysanoptera, for example, Baliothrips biformis, Enneothrips flavens, Frankliniella spp., Heliothrips spp., Hercinothrips femoralis, Kakothrips spp., Rhipiphorothrips cruentatus, Scirtothrips spp., Taeniothrips cardamoni and Thrips spp.
        From the order of the Thysanura, for example, Lepisma saccharina. 
        The phytoparasitic nematodes include, for example, Anguina spp., Aphelenchoides spp., Belonoaimus spp., Bursaphelenchus spp., Ditylenchus dipsaci, Globodera spp., Heliocotylenchus spp., Heterodera spp., Longidorus spp., Meloidogyne spp., Pratylenchus spp., Radopholus similis, Rotylenchus spp., Trichodorus spp., Tylenchorhynchus spp., Tylenchulus spp., Tylenchulus semipenetrans, Xiphinema spp.
    
    


The method according to the invention is particularly suitable for treating Bt vegetables, Bt maize, Bt cotton, Bt soya beans, Bt tobacco and also Bt rice, Bt sugar beet or Bt potatoes for controlling aphids (Aphidina), whiteflies (Trialeurodes), thrips (Thysanoptera), spider mites (Arachnida), scale insects and mealy-bugs (Coccoidae and Pseudococcoidae).
The active compounds which can be used according to the invention can be employed in customary formulations, such as solutions, emulsions, wettable powders, water- and oil-based suspensions, powders, dusts, pastes, soluble powders, soluble granules, granules for broadcasting, suspoemulsion concentrates, natural compounds impregnated with active compound, synthetic substances impregnated with active compound, fertilizers and also microencapsulations in polymeric substances.
These formulations are produced in a known manner, for example by mixing the active compounds with extenders, that is, liquid solvents, and/or solid carriers, optionally with the use of surfactants, that is to say emulsifiers and/or dispersants, and/or foam-formers. The formulations are prepared either in suitable plants or else before or during application.
Wettable powders are preparations which can be dispersed homogeneously in water and which, in addition to the active compound and beside a diluent or inert substance, also comprise wetting agents, for example polyethoxylated alkylphenols, polyethoxylated fatty alcohols, alkylsulphonates or alkylphenylsulphonates and dispersants, for example sodium lignosulphonate, sodium 2,2′-dinaphthylmethane-6,6′-disulphonate.
Dusts are obtained by grinding the active compound with finely distributed solid substances, for example talc, natural clays, such as kaolin, bentonite, pyrophillite or diatomaceous earth. Granules can be prepared either by spraying the active compound onto granular inert material capable of adsorption or by applying active compound concentrates to the surface of carrier substances, such as sand, kaolinites or granular inert material, by means of adhesives, for example polyvinyl alcohol, sodium polyacrylate or mineral oils. Suitable active compounds can also be granulated in the manner customary for the preparation of fertilizer granules—if desired as a mixture with fertilizers.
Suitable for use as auxiliaries are substances which are suitable for imparting to the composition itself and/or to preparations derived therefrom (for example spray liquors, seed dressings) particular properties such as certain technical properties and/or also particular biological properties. Typical auxiliaries are: extenders, solvents and carriers.
Suitable extenders are, for example, water, polar and nonpolar organic chemical liquids, for example from the classes of the aromatic and non-aromatic hydrocarbons (such as paraffins, alkylbenzenes, alkylnaphthalenes, chlorobenzenes), the alcohols and polyols (which, if appropriate, may also be substituted, etherified and/or esterified), the ketones (such as acetone, cyclohexanone), esters (including fats and oils) and (poly)ethers, the unsubstituted and substituted amines, amides, lactams (such as N-alkylpyrrolidones) and lactones, the sulphones and sulphoxides (such as dimethyl sulphoxide).
If the extender used is water, it is also possible to employ, for example, organic solvents as auxiliary solvents. Essentially, suitable liquid solvents are: aromatics such as xylene, toluene or alkylnaphthalenes, chlorinated aromatics and chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons such as chlorobenzenes, chloroethylenes or methylene chloride, aliphatic hydrocarbons such as cyclohexane or paraffins, for example petroleum fractions, mineral and vegetable oils, alcohols such as butanol or glycol and also their ethers and esters, ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone or cyclohexanone, strongly polar solvents such as dimethyl sulphoxide, and also water.
Suitable solid carriers are:
for example ammonium salts and ground natural minerals such as kaolins, clays, talc, chalk, quartz, attapulgite, montmorillonite or diatomaceous earth, and ground synthetic materials such as highly-disperse silica, alumina and silicates; suitable solid carriers for granules are: for example, crushed and fractionated natural rocks such as calcite, marble, pumice, sepiolite and dolomite, and also synthetic granules of inorganic and organic meals, and granules of organic material such as paper, sawdust, coconut shells, maize cobs and tobacco stalks; suitable emulsifiers and/or foam-formers are: for example, nonionic and anionic emulsifiers, such as polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ethers, for example alkylaryl polyglycol ethers, alkylsulphonates, alkyl sulphates, arylsulphonates and also protein hydrolysates; suitable dispersants are nonionic and/or ionic substances, for example from the classes of the alcohol-POE and/or -POP ethers, acid and/or POP POE esters, alkylaryl and/or POP POE ethers, fat and/or POP POE adducts, POE- and/or POP-polyol derivatives, POE- and/or POP-sorbitan or -sugar adducts, alkyl or aryl sulphates, alkyl- or arylsulphonates and alkyl or aryl phosphates or the corresponding PO-ether adducts.
Furthermore, suitable oligo- or polymers, for example those derived from vinylic monomers, from acrylic acid, from EO and/or PO alone or in combination with, for example, (poly)alcohols or (poly)amines. It is also possible to employ lignin and its sulphonic acid derivatives, unmodified and modified celluloses, aromatic and/or aliphatic sulphonic acids and their adducts with formaldehyde.
Tackifiers such as carboxymethylcellulose and natural and synthetic polymers in the form of powders, granules or latices, such as gum arabic, polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl acetate, as well as natural phospholipids such as cephalins and lecithins, and synthetic phospholipids, can be used in the formulations.
It is possible to use colorants such as inorganic pigments, for example iron oxide, titanium oxide and Prussian Blue, and organic colorants such as alizarin colorants, azo colorants and metal phthalocyanine colorants, and trace nutrients such as salts of iron, manganese, boron, copper, cobalt, molybdenum and zinc.
Other possible additives are perfumes, mineral or vegetable, optionally modified oils, waxes and nutrients (including trace nutrients), such as salts of iron, manganese, boron, copper, cobalt, molybdenum and zinc.
Stabilizers, such as low-temperature stabilizers, preservatives, antioxidants, light stabilizers or other agents which improve chemical and/or physical stability may also be present.
These individual types of formulation are known in principle and are described, for example, in: “Pesticides Formulations”, 2nd Ed., Marcel Dekker N.Y.; Martens, 1979, “Spray Drying Handbook”, 3rd Ed., G. Goodwin Ltd. London.
Based on his general expert knowledge, the person skilled in the art is able to choose suitable formulation auxiliaries (in this context, see, for example, Watkins, “Handbook of Insecticide Dust Diluents and Carriers”, 2nd Ed., Darland Books, Caldwell N.J.).
In a preferred embodiment, the plants or plant parts are treated according to the invention with an oil-based suspension concentrate. An advantageous suspension concentrate is known from WO 2005/084435 (EP 1 725 104 A2). It consists of at least one room-temperature-solid active agrochemical substance, at least one “closed” penetrant, at least one vegetable oil or mineral oil, at least one nonionic surfactant and/or at least one anionic surfactant, and optionally one or more additives from the groups of the emulsifiers, foam inhibitors, preservatives, antioxidants, colorants and/or inert filler materials. Preferred embodiments of the suspension concentrate are described in the abovementioned WO 2005/084435. For the purpose of disclosure, both documents are incorporated herein in their entirety.
In a further preferred embodiment, the genetically modified plants or plant parts are treated according to the invention with compositions comprising ammonium or phosphonium salts and, if appropriate, penetrants. Advantageous compositions are known from WO 2007/068355. They consist of at least one compound of the formula (I) and at least one ammonium or phosphonium salt and, if appropriate, penetrants. Preferred embodiments are described in WO 2007/068355. For the purpose of disclosure, this document is incorporated herein in its entirety.
In general, the formulations comprise from 0.01 to 98% by weight of active compound, preferably from 0.5 to 90%. In wettable powders, the active compound concentration is, for example, from about 10 to 90% by weight, the remainder to 100% by weight consisting of customary formulation components. In the case of emulsifiable concentrates, the active compound concentration can be from about 5 to 80% by weight. In most cases, formulations in the form of dusts comprise from 5 to 20% by weight of active compound, sprayable solutions comprise about 2 to 20% by weight. In the case of granules, the active compound content depends partially on whether the active compound is present in liquid or solid form and on which granulation auxiliaries, fillers, etc., are used.
The required application rate may also vary with external conditions such as, inter alia, temperature and humidity. It may vary within wide limits, for example between 0.1 g/ha and 5.0 kg/ha or more of active substance. However, it is preferably between 0.1 g/ha and 1.0 kg/ha. Owing to the synergistic effects between Bt vegetable and insecticide, particular preference is given to application rates of from 0.1 to 500 g/ha.
For compounds of the formula (I), preference is given to application rates of from 10 to 500 g/ha, particular preference is given to 10 to 200 g/ha.
In a particular embodiment of the method according to the invention, the compound of the formula (I) is employed in an application rate of from 0.1 g/ha to 5.0 kg/ha, preferably from 0.1 to 500 g/ha and particularly preferably from 50 to 500 g/ha and especially preferably from 50 to 200 g/ha.
In their commercial formulations and in the use forms prepared from these formulations, the active compounds according to the invention may be present as mixtures with other active compounds, such as insecticides, attractants, sterilants, acaricides, nematicides, fungicides, growth-regulating substances or herbicides.
Particularly favourable examples of co-components in mixtures are the following compounds:
Fungicides:
Inhibitors of Nucleic Acid Synthesis
benalaxyl, benalaxyl-M, bupirimate, chiralaxyl, clozylacon, dimethirimol, ethirimol, furalaxyl, hymexazol, metalaxyl, metalaxyl-M, ofurace, oxadixyl, oxolinic acid
Inhibitors of Mitosis and Cell Division
benomyl, carbendazim, diethofencarb, fuberidazole, pencycuron, thiabendazole, thiophanat-methyl, zoxamide
Inhibitors of Respiratory Chain Complex I/II
diflumetorim
bixafen, boscalid, carboxin, fenfuram, fluopyram, flutolanil, furametpyr, mepronil, oxycarboxin, penthiopyrad, thifluzamide, N-[2-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)phenyl]-5-fluoro-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide
Inhibitors of Respiratory Chain Complex III
amisulbrom, azoxystrobin, cyazofamid, dimoxystrobin, enestrobin, famoxadone, fenamidone, fluoxastrobin, kresoxim-methyl, metominostrobin, orysastrobin, pyraclostrobin, pyribencarb, picoxystrobin, trifloxystrobin
Decouplers
dinocap, fluazinam
Inhibitors of ATP Production
fentin acetate, fentin chloride, fentin hydroxide, silthiofam
Inhibitors of Amino Acid Biosynthesis and Protein Biosynthesis
andoprim, blasticidin-S, cyprodinil, kasugamycin, kasugamycin hydrochloride hydrate, mepanipyrim, pyrimethanil
Inhibitors of Signal Transduction
fenpiclonil, fludioxonil, quinoxyfen
Inhibitors of Lipid and Membrane Synthesis
chlozolinate, iprodione, procymidone, vinclozolin
ampropylfos, potassium-ampropylfos, edifenphos, iprobenfos (IBP), isoprothiolane, pyrazophos
tolclofos-methyl, biphenyl
iodocarb, propamocarb, propamocarb hydrochloride
Inhibitors of Ergosterol Biosynthesis
fenhexamid,
azaconazole, bitertanol, bromuconazole, cyproconazole, diclobutrazole, difenoconazole, diniconazole, diniconazole-M, epoxiconazole, etaconazole, fenbuconazole, fluquinconazole, flusilazole, flutriafol, furconazole, furconazole-cis, hexaconazole, imibenconazole, ipconazole, metconazole, myclobutanil, paclobutrazole, penconazole, propiconazole, prothioconazole, simeconazole, spiroxamine, tebuconazole, tetraconazole, triadimefon, triadimenol, triticonazole, uniconazole, voriconazole, imazalil, imazalil sulphate, oxpoconazole, fenarimol, flurprimidole, nuarimol, pyrifenox, triforine, pefurazoate, prochloraz, triflumizole, viniconazole,

aldimorph, dodemorph, dodemorph acetate, fenpropimorph, tridemorph, fenpropidin, spiroxamine,

naftifine, pyributicarb, terbinafine

Inhibitors of Cell Wall Synthesis

benthiavalicarb, bialaphos, dimethomorph, flumorph, iprovalicarb, polyoxins, polyoxorim, validamycin A

Inhibitors of Melanin Biosynthesis

capropamid, diclocymet, fenoxanil, phthalid, pyroquilon, tricyclazole

Resistance Induction

acibenzolar-S-methyl, probenazole, tiadinil

Multisite

captafol, captan, chlorothalonil, copper salts such as: copper hydroxide, copper naphthenate, copper oxychloride, copper sulphate, copper oxide, oxine-copper and Bordeaux mixture, dichlofluanid, dithianon, dodine, dodine free base, ferbam, folpet, fluorofolpet, guazatine, guazatine acetate, iminoctadine, iminoctadine albesilate, iminoctadine triacetate, mancopper, mancozeb, maneb, metiram, metiram zinc, propineb, sulphur and sulphur preparations containing calcium polysulphide, thiram, tolylfluanid, zineb, ziram

Unknown Mechanism

amibromdol, benthiazole, bethoxazin, capsimycin, carvone, chinomethionat, chloropicrin, cufraneb, cyflufenamid, cymoxanil, dazomet, debacarb, diclomezine, dichlorophen, dicloran, difenzoquat, difenzoquat methyl sulphate, diphenylamine, ethaboxam, ferimzone, flumetover, flusulfamide, fluopicolid, fluoroimid, fosetyl-Al, hexachlorobenzene, 8-hydroxyquinoline sulphate, iprodione, irumamycin, isotianil, methasulfocarb, metrafenone, methyl isothiocyanate, mildiomycin, natamycin, nickel dimethyl dithiocarbamate, nitrothal-isopropyl, octhilinone, oxamocarb, oxyfenthiin, pentachlorophenol and salts, 2-phenylphenol and salts, piperalin, propanosine-sodium, proquinazid, pyrrolnitrin, quintozene, tecloftalam, tecnazene, triazoxide, trichlamide, zarilamid and 2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-4-(methylsulphonyl)pyridine, N-(4-chloro-2-nitrophenyl)-N-ethyl-4-methylbenzenesulphonamide, 2-amino-4-methyl-N-phenyl-5-thiazolecarboxamide, 2-chloro-N-(2,3-dihydro-1,1,3-trimethyl-1H-inden-4-yl)-3-pyridinecarboxamide, 3-[5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,3-dimethylisoxazolidin-3-yl]pyridine, cis-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)cycloheptanol, 2,4-dihydro-5-methoxy-2-methyl-4-[[[[1-[3(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethylidene]amino]oxy]methyl]phenyl]-3H-1,2,3-triazol-3-one (185336-79-2), methyl 1-(2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-1H-inden-1-yl)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylate, 3,4,5-trichloro-2,6-pyridinedicarbonitrile, methyl 2-[[[cyclopropyl[(4-methoxyphenyl)imino]methyl]thio]methyl]-.alpha.-(methoxymethylene)benzacetate, 4-chloro-alpha-propynyloxy-N-[2-[3-methoxy-4-(2-propynyloxy)phenyl]ethyl]benzacetamide, (2S)—N-[2-[4-[[3-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-propynyl]oxy]-3-methoxyphenyl]ethyl]-3-methyl-2-[(methylsulphonyl)amino]butanamide, 5-chloro-7-(4-methylpiperidin-1-yl)-6-(2,4,6-trifluorophenyl) [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine, 5-chloro-6-(2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)-N-[(1R)-1,2,2-trimethylpropyl][1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-amine, 5-chloro-N-[(1R)-1,2-dimethylpropyl]-6-(2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-amine, N-[1-(5-bromo-3-chloropyridin-2-yl)ethyl]-2,4-dichloronicotinamide, N-(5-bromo-3-chloropyridin-2-yl)methyl-2,4-dichloronicotinamide, 2-butoxy-6-iodo-3-propylbenzopyranon-4-one, N—{(Z)-[(cyclopropylmethoxy)imino][6-(difluoromethoxy)-2,3-difluorophenyl]methyl}-2-benzacetamide, N-(3-ethyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexyl)-3-formylamino-2-hydroxybenzamide, 2-[[[[1-[3-(1-fluoro-2-phenyl-ethyl)oxy]phenyl]ethylidene]amino]oxy]methyl]-alpha-(methoxyimino)-N-methyl-alphaE-benzacetamide, N-{2-[3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]ethyl}-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide, N-(3′,4′-dichloro-5-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(6-methoxy-3-pyridinyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide, 1-[(4-methoxyphenoxy)methyl]-2,2-dimethylpropyl-1H-imidazole-1-carboxylic acid, O-[1-[(4-methoxyphenoxy)methyl]-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-1H-imidazole-1-carbothioic acid, 2-(2-{[6-(3-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)-5-fluoropyrimidin-4-yl]oxy}phenyl)-2-(methoxyimino)-N-methylacetamide

Bactericides:

bronopol, dichlorophen, nitrapyrin, nickel dimethyldithiocarbamate, kasugamycin, octhilinone, furancarboxylic acid, oxytetracycline, probenazole, streptomycin, tecloftalam, copper sulphate and other copper preparations.

Insecticides/Acaricides/Nematicides:

Acetylcholine Esterase (AChE) Inhibitors

carbamates,

for example alanycarb, aldicarb, aldoxycarb, allyxycarb, aminocarb, bendiocarb, benfuracarb, bufencarb, butacarb, butocarboxim, butoxycarboxim, carbaryl, carbofuran, carbosulphan, cloethocarb, dimetilan, ethiofencarb, fenobucarb, fenothiocarb, fenoxycarb, formetanate, furathiocarb, isoprocarb, metam-sodium, methiocarb, methomyl, metolcarb, oxamyl, pirimicarb, promecarb, propoxur, thiodicarb, thiofanox, trimethacarb, XMC, xylylcarb, triazamate

organophosphates,

for example acephate, azamethiphos, azinphos (-methyl, -ethyl), bromophos-ethyl, bromfenvinfos (-methyl), butathiofos, cadusafos, carbophenothion, chlorethoxyfos, chlorfenvinphos, chlormephos, chlorpyrifos (-methyl/-ethyl), coumaphos, cyanofenphos, cyanophos, chlorfenvinphos, demeton-S-methyl, demeton-S-methylsulphone, dialifos, diazinon, dichlofenthion, dichlorvos/DDVP, dicrotophos, dimethoate, dimethylvinphos, dioxabenzofos, disulphoton, EPN, ethion, ethoprophos, etrimfos, famphur, fenamiphos, fenitrothion, fensulphothion, fenthion, flupyrazofos, fonofos, formothion, fosmethilan, fosthiazate, heptenophos, iodofenphos, iprobenfos, isazofos, isofenphos, isopropyl O-salicylate, isoxathion, malathion, mecarbam, methacrifos, methamidophos, methidathion, mevinphos, monocrotophos, naled, omethoate, oxydemeton-methyl, parathion (-methyl/-ethyl), phenthoate, phorate, phosalone, phosmet, phosphamidon, phosphocarb, phoxim, pirimiphos (-methyl/-ethyl), profenofos, propaphos, propetamphos, prothiofos, prothoate, pyraclofos, pyridaphenthion, pyridathion, quinalphos, sebufos, sulphotep, sulprofos, tebupirimfos, temephos, terbufos, tetrachlorvinphos, thiometon, triazophos, triclorfon, vamidothion

Sodium Channel Modulators/Voltage-Dependent Sodium Channel Blockers

pyrethroids,

for example acrinathrin, allethrin (d-cis-trans, d-trans), beta-cyfluthrin, bifenthrin, bioallethrin, bioallethrin-S-cyclopentyl isomer, bioethanomethrin, biopermethrin, bioresmethrin, chlovaporthrin, cis-cypermethrin, cis-resmethrin, cis-permethrin, clocythrin, cycloprothrin, cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, cypermethrin (alpha-, beta-, theta-, zeta-), cyphenothrin, deltamethrin, eflusilanate, empenthrin (1R isomer), esfenvalerate, etofenprox, fenfluthrin, fenpropathrin, fenpyrithrin, fenvalerate, flubrocythrinate, flucythrinate, flufenprox, flumethrin, fluvalinate, fubfenprox, gamma-cyhalothrin, imiprothrin, kadethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, metofluthrin, permethrin (cis-, trans-), phenothrin (1R-trans-isomer), prallethrin, profluthrin, protrifenbute, pyresmethrin, pyrethrin, resmethrin, RU 15525, silafluofen, tau-fluvalinate, tefluthrin, terallethrin, tetramethrin (1R isomer), tralomethrin, transfluthrin, ZXI 8901, pyrethrins (pyrethrum)

DDT

oxadiazines,

for example indoxacarb

semicarbazones,

for example metaflumizone (BAS3201)

Acetylcholine Receptor Agonists/Antagonists

chloronicotinyls,

for example acetamiprid, AKD 1022, clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, imidaclothiz, nitenpyram, nithiazine, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam

nicotine, bensultap, cartap

Acetylcholine Receptor Modulators

spinosyns,

for example spinosad, spinetoram

GABA-Controlled Chloride Channel Antagonists

organochlorines,

for example camphechlor, chlordane, endosulphan, gamma-HCH, HCH, heptachlor, lindane, methoxychlor

fiprols,

for example acetoprole, ethiprole, fipronil, pyrafluprole, pyriprole, vaniliprole

Chloride Channel Activators

mectins,

for example abarmectin, emamectin, emamectin-benzoate, ivermectin, lepimectin, milbemycin

Juvenile hormone mimetics,

for example diofenolan, epofenonane, fenoxycarb, hydroprene, kinoprene, methoprene, pyriproxifen, triprene

Ecdysone Agonists/Disruptors

diacylhydrazines,

for example chromafenozide, halofenozide, methoxyfenozide, tebufenozide

Chitin Biosynthesis Inhibitors

benzoylureas, for example bistrifluron, chlofluazuron, diflubenzuron, fluazuron, flucycloxuron, flufenoxuron, hexaflumuron, lufenuron, novaluron, noviflumuron, penfluron, teflubenzuron, triflumuron

    
    
        buprofezin
        cyromazine

Oxidative Phosphorylation Inhibitors, ATP Disruptors

        diafenthiuron
        organotin compounds, for example azocyclotin, cyhexatin, fenbutatin-oxide

Oxidative Phosphorylation Decouplers Acting by Interrupting the H-Proton Gradient

pyrroles, for example chlorfenapyr

dinitrophenols, for example binapacyrl, dinobuton, dinocap, DNOC, meptyldinocap

Site-I Electron Transport Inhibitors

METIs, for example fenazaquin, fenpyroximate, pyrimidifen, pyridaben, tebufenpyrad, tolfenpyrad

hydramethylnon

dicofol

Site-II Electron Transport Inhibitors

rotenone

Site-III Electron Transport Inhibitors

acequinocyl, fluacrypyrim

Microbial Disruptors of the Insect Gut Membrane

Bacillus thuringiensis strains

Lipid Synthesis Inhibitors

tetronic acids,

for example spirodiclofen, spiromesifen

tetramic acids,

for example spirotetramate, cis-3-(2,5-dimethylphenyl)-4-hydroxy-8-methoxy-1-azaspiro[4.5]dec-3-en-2-one

carboxamides,

for example flonicamid

octopaminergic agonists,

for example amitraz

Inhibitors of Magnesium-Stimulated ATPase,

        propargite
        nereistoxin analogues,
        for example thiocyclam hydrogen oxalate, thiosultap-sodium

Ryanodin Receptor Agonists

benzoic acid dicarboxamides,

for example flubendiamide

anthranilamides,

for example Rynaxypyr (3-bromo-N-{4-chloro-2-methyl-6-[(methylamino)carbonyl]phenyl}-1-(3-chloropyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide), Cyazapyr (ISO-proposed) (3-bromo-N-{4-cyano-2-methyl-6-[(methylamino)carbonyl]phenyl}-1-(3-chloropyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide) (known from WO 2004067528)

Biologicals, Hormones or Pheromones

azadirachtin, Bacillus spec., Beauveria spec., codlemone, Metarrhizium spec., Paecilomyces spec., thuringiensin, Verticillium spec.

Active Compounds with Unknown or Unspecific Mechanisms of Action

4-{[(6-bromopyrid-3-yl)methyl](2-fluoroethyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-one (known from WO 2007/115644), 4-{[(6-fluoropyrid-3-yl)methyl](2,2-difluoroethyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-one (known from WO 2007/115644), 4-{[(2-chloro-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)methyl](2-fluoroethyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-one (known from WO 2007/115644), 4-{[(6-chloropyrid-3-yl)methyl](2-fluoroethyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-one (known from WO 2007/115644), 4-{[(6-chloropyrid-3-yl)methyl](2,2-difluoroethyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-one (known from WO 2007/115644), 4-{[(6-chloro-5-fluoropyrid-3-yl)methyl](methyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-one (known from WO 2007/115643), 4-{[(5,6-dichloropyrid-3-yl)methyl](2-fluoroethyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-one (known from WO 2007/115646), 4-{[(6-chloro-5-fluoropyrid-3-yl)methyl](cyclopropyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-one (known from WO 2007/115643), 4-{[(6-chloropyrid-3-yl)methyl](cyclopropyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-one (known from EP-A-0 539 588) and 4-{[(6-chloropyrid-3-yl)methyl](methyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-one (known from EP-A-0 539 588).

fumigants, for example aluminium phosphide, methyl bromide, sulphuryl fluoride

antifeedants,

for example cryolite, pymetrozine, pyrifluquinazon

mite growth inhibitors,

for example clofentezine, etoxazole, hexythiazox

amidoflumet, benclothiaz, benzoximate, bifenazate, bromopropylate, buprofezin, chinomethionat, chlordimeform, chlorobenzilate, chloropicrin, clothiazoben, cycloprene, cyflumetofen, dicyclanil, fenoxacrim, fentrifanil, flubenzimine, flufenerim, flutenzin, gossyplure, hydramethylnone, japonilure, metoxadiazone, petroleum, piperonyl butoxide, potassium oleate, pyridalyl, sulfluramid, tetradifon, tetrasul, triarathene, verbutin or cyflumetofen, cyanopyrafen.

    
    


A mixture with other known active compounds, such as herbicides, fertilizers, growth regulators, safeners, semiochemicals, or else with agents for improving the plant properties, is also possible.
The active compound content of the use forms prepared from the commercially available formulations can be from 0.00000001 to 95% by weight, preferably between 0.00001 and 1% by weight, of active compound.







TABLE 1







Plant: maize








Structure



affected or principle expressed
Feature of the plant/tolerance to





acetolactate synthase (ALS)
sulphonylurea compounds, imidazolinones



triazolepyrimidines, pyrimidyloxybenzoates,



phthalides


acetyl-CoA carboxylase
aryloxyphenoxyalkanecarboxylic acid,


(ACCase)
cyclohexanedione


hydroxyphenylpyruvate
isooxazoles, such as isoxaflutol or


dioxygenase (HPPD)
isoxachlortol,



triones, such as mesotrione or sulcotrione


phosphinothricin
phosphinothricin


acetyltransferase



O-methyl transferase
modified lignin content


glutamine synthetase
glufosinate, bialaphos


adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL)
inhibitors of IMP and AMP synthesis


adenylosuccinate synthase
inhibitors of adenylosuccinate synthesis


anthranilate synthase
inhibitors of tryptophan synthesis and



degradation


nitrilase
3,5-dihalo-4-hydroxybenzonitriles, such as



bromoxynil and loxinyl


5-enolpyruvyl-3-phospho-
glyphosate or sulphosate


shikimate synthase (EPSPS)



glyphosate oxidoreductase
glyphosate or sulphosate


protoporphyrinogen oxidase
diphenyl ethers, cyclic imides,


(PROTOX)
phenylpyrazoles, pyridine derivatives,



phenopylates, oxadiazoles etc.


cytochrome P450 e.g. P450
xenobiotics and herbicides, such as


SU1
sulphonylurea


dimboa biosynthesis (Bx1-Gen)
Helminthosporium turcicum,



Rhopalosiphum maydis, Diplodia



maydis, Ostrinia nubilalis, Lepidoptera sp.


CMIII (small basic peptide
plant pathogens e.g. Fusarium, Alternaria,


building block from maize
Sclerotina


grain)



Com-SAFP (zeamatin)
plant pathogens, e.g. Fusarium,



Alternaria, Sclerotina, Rhizoctonia,



Chaetomium, Phycomycen


Hm1-gene
Cochliobulus


chitinases
plant pathogens


glucanases
plant pathogens


envelope proteins
viruses, such as the Maize dwarf mosaic



virus (MDMV)


toxins of Bacillus thuringiensis,
Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera,


VIP 3, Bacillus cereus toxin,
nematodes, e.g. Ostrinia nubilalis,


Photorabdus and
Heliothis zea, armyworms e.g.


Xenorhabdus toxins
Spodoptera frugiperda, Western corn



rootworm, Sesamia sp., Aprotis ipsilon,



Asian corn borer, weevils


3-hydroxysteroid oxidase
Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera,



nematodes, e.g. Ostrinia nubilalis, Heliothis



zea, armyworms e.g. Spodoptera frugiperda,



Western corn rootworm, Sesamia sp.,



Aprotis ipsilon, Asian corn borer, weevils


peroxidase
Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera,



nematodes, e.g. Ostrinia nubilalis, Heliothis



zea, armyworms e.g. Spodoptera frugiperda,



Western corn rootworm, Sesamia sp.,



Aprotis ipsilon, Asian corn borer, weevils


aminopeptidase inhibitors, e.g.
Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera,


leucine aminopeptidase
nematodes, e.g. Ostrinia nubilalis,


inhibitors (LAPI)
Heliothis zea, armyworms e.g. Spodoptera



frugiperda, Western corn rootworm,



Sesamia sp., Aprotis ipsilon, Asian corn



borer, weevils


limonene synthase
Western corn rootworm


lectin
Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera,



nematodes, e.g. Ostrinia nubilalis, Heliothis



zea, armyworms e.g. Spodoptera frugiperda,



Western corn rootworm, Sesamia sp.,



Aprotis ipsilon, Asian corn borer, weevils


protease inhibitors e.g. cystatin,
weevils, Western corn rootworm


patatin, virgiferin, CPTI



ribosome-inactivating protein
Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera,



nematodes, e.g. Ostrinia nubilalis, Heliothis



zea, armyworms e.g. Spodoptera frugiperda,



Western corn rootworm, Sesamia sp.,



Aprotis ipsilon, Asian corn borer, weevils


5C9-maize polypeptide
Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera,



nematodes, e.g. Ostrinia nubilalis, Heliothis



zea, armyworms e.g. Spodoptera frugiperda,



Western corn rootworm, Sesamia sp.,



Aprotis ipsilon, Asian corn borer, weevils


HMG-CoA reductase
Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera,



nematodes, e.g. Ostrinia nubilalis, Heliothis



zea, armyworms e.g. Spodoptera frugiperda,



Western corn rootworm, Sesamia sp.,



Aprotis ipsilon, Asian corn borer, weevils










Plant: Wheat








Structure



affected/protein expressed
Feature of the plant/tolerance to





acetolactate synthase (ALS)
sulphonylurea compounds, imidazolinones



triazolepyrimidines, pyrimidyloxybenzoates,



phthalides


acetyl-CoA carboxylase
aryloxyphenoxyalkanecarboxylic acid,


(ACCase)
cyclohexanedione


hydroxyphenylpyruvate
isooxazoles, such as isoxaflutol


dioxygenase (HPPD)
or isoxachlortol,



triones, such as mesotrione or sulcotrione


phosphinothricin
phosphinothricin


acetyltransferase



O-methyl transferase
modified lignin content


glutamine synthetase
glufosinate, bialaphos


adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL)
inhibitors of IMP and AMP synthesis


adenylosuccinate synthase
inhibitors of adenylosuccinate synthesis


anthranilate synthase
inhibitors of tryptophan synthesis and



degradation


nitrilase
3,5-dihalo-4-hydroxybenzonitriles, such as



bromoxynil and loxinyl


5-enolpyruvyl-3-phospho-
glyphosate or sulphosate


shikimate synthase (EPSPS)



glyphosate oxidoreductase
glyphosate or sulphosate


protoporphyrinogen oxidase
diphenyl ethers, cyclic imides,


(PROTOX)
phenylpyrazoles, pyridine derivatives,



phenopylate, oxadiazoles etc.


cytochrome P450 e.g. P450
xenobiotics and herbicides, such as


SU1
sulphonylurea compounds


antifungal polypeptide AlyAFP
plant pathogens, e.g. Septoria and Fusarium


glucose oxidase
plant pathogens, e.g. Fusarium, Septoria


pyrrolnitrin synthesis gene
plant pathogens, e.g. Fusarium, Septoria


serine/threonine kinases
plant pathogens, e.g. Fusarium, Septoria



and other diseases


polypeptide having the effect of
plant pathogens, e.g. Fusarium, Septoria


triggering a hypersensitivity
and other diseases


reaction



systemic aquired resistance
viral, bacterial, fungal and nematodal


(SAR) genes
pathogens


chitinases
plant pathogens


glucanases
plant pathogens


double-strand ribonuclease
viruses such as, for example, BYDV and



MSMV


envelope proteins
viruses such as, for example, BYDV and



MSMV


toxins of Bacillus thuringiensis,
Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera,


VIP 3, Bacillus cereus toxins,
nematodes


Photorabdus and



Xenorhabdus toxins



3-hydroxysteroid oxidase
Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera,



nematodes


peroxidase
Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera,



nematodes


aminopeptidase inhibitors, e.g.
Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera,


leucine aminopeptidase
nematodes


inhibitor



lectins
Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera,



nematodes, aphids


protease inhibitors, e.g.
Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera,


cystatin, patatin, virgiferin,
nematodes, aphids


CPTI



ribosome-inactivating protein
Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera,



nematodes, aphids


HMG-CoA reductase
Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera,



nematodes, e.g. Ostrinia nubilalis,



Heliothis zea, armyworms e.g. Spodoptera



frugiperda, Western corn rootworm,



Sesamia sp., Aprotis ipsilon, Asian corn



borer, weevils










Plant: Barley








Structure



affected/protein expressed
Feature of the plant/tolerance to





acetolactate synthase (ALS)
sulphonylurea compounds, imidazolinones



triazolepyrimidines, pyrimidyloxybenzoates,



phthalides


acetyl-CoA carboxylase
aryloxyphenoxyalkanecarboxylic acids,


(ACCase)
cyclohexanediones


hydroxyphenylpyruvate
isooxazoles, such as isoxaflutol or


dioxygenase (HPPD)
isoxachlortol, triones, such as mesotrione or



sulcotrione


phosphinothricin
phosphinothricin


acetyltransferase



O-methyl transferase
modified lignin content


glutamine synthetase
glufosinate, bialaphos


adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL)
inhibitors of IMP and AMP synthesis


adenylosuccinate synthase
inhibitors of adenylosuccinate synthesis


anthranilate synthase
inhibitors of tryptophan synthesis and



degradation


nitrilase
3,5-dihalo-4-hydroxybenzonitriles, such as



bromoxynil and loxinyl


5-enolpyruvyl-3-phospho-
glyphosate or sulphosate


shikimate synthase (EPSPS)



glyphosate oxidoreductase
glyphosate or sulphosate


protoporphyrinogen oxidase
diphenyl ethers, cyclic imides,


(PROTOX)
phenylpyrazoles, pyridine derivatives,



phenopylate, oxadiazoles etc.


cytochrome P450 e.g. P450
xenobiotics and herbicides, such as


SU1
sulphonylurea compounds


antifungal polypeptide AlyAFP
plant pathogens, e.g. Septoria and Fusarium


glucose oxidase
plant pathogens, e.g. Fusarium, Septoria


pyrrolnitrin synthesis gene
plant pathogens, e.g. Fusarium, Septoria


serine/threonine kinases
plant pathogens, e.g. Fusarium, Septoria



and other diseases


polypeptide having the effect of
plant pathogens, e.g. Fusarium, Septoria and


triggering a hypersensitivity
other diseases


reaction



systemic aquired resistance
viral, bacterial, fungal and nematodal


(SAR) genes
pathogens


chitinases
plant pathogens


glucanases
plant pathogens


double-strand ribonuclease
viruses such as, for example, BYDV and



MSMV


envelope proteins
viruses such as, for example, BYDV and



MSMV


toxins of Bacillus thuringiensis,
Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera,


VIP 3, Bacillus cereus toxins,
nematodes


Photorabdus and



Xenorhabdus toxins



3-hydroxysteroid oxidase
Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera,



nematodes


peroxidase
Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera,



nematodes


aminopeptidase inhibitors, e.g.
Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera,


leucine aminopeptidase
nematodes


inhibitor



lectins
Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera,



nematodes, aphids


protease inhibitors, e.g.
Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera,


cystatin, patatin, virgiferin,
nematodes, aphids


CPTI



ribosome-inactivating protein
Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera,



nematodes, aphids


HMG-CoA reductase
Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera,



nematodes, aphids










Plant: Rice








Structure



affected/principle expressed
Feature of the plant/tolerance to





acetolactate synthase (ALS)
sulphonylurea compounds, imidazolinones



triazolepyrimidines, pyrimidyloxybenzoates,



phthalides


acetyl-CoA carboxylase
aryloxyphenoxyalkanecarboxylic acids,


(ACCase)
cyclohexanediones


hydroxyphenylpyruvate
isooxazoles, such as isoxaflutol or


dioxygenase (HPPD)
isoxachlortol,



triones, such as mesotrione or sulcotrione


phosphinothricin
phosphinothricin


acetyltransferase



O-methyl transferase
modified lignin content


glutamine synthetase
glufosinate, bialaphos


adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL)
inhibitors of IMP and AMP synthesis


adenylosuccinate synthase
inhibitors of adenylosuccinate synthesis


anthranilate synthase
inhibitors of tryptophan synthesis and



degradation


nitrilase
3,5-dihalo-4-hydroxybenzonitriles, such as



bromoxynil and loxinyl


5-enolpyruvyl-3-phospho-
glyphosate or sulphosate


shikimate synthase (EPSPS)



glyphosate oxidoreductase
glyphosate or sulphosate


protoporphyrinogen oxidase
diphenyl ethers, cyclic imides,


(PROTOX)
phenylpyrazoles, pyridine derivatives,



phenopylate, oxadiazoles etc.


cytochrome P450 e.g. P450
xenobiotics and herbicides, such as


SU1
sulphonylurea compounds


antifungal polypeptide AlyAFP
plant pathogens


glucose oxidase
plant pathogens


pyrrolnitrin synthesis gene
plant pathogens


serine/threonine kinases
plant pathogens


phenylalanine ammonia lyase
plant pathogens, e.g. bacterial


(PAL)
foliar mildew and inducible rice blast


phytoalexins
plant pathogens, e.g. bacterial



foliar mildew and rice blast


B-1,3-glucanase (antisense)
plant pathogens, e.g. bacterial



foliar mildew and rice blast


receptor kinase
plant pathogens, e.g. bacterial



foliar mildew and rice blast


polypeptide having the effect of
plant pathogens


triggering a hypersensitivity



reaction



systemic aquired resistance
viral, bacterial, fungal and nematodal


(SAR) genes
pathogens


chitinases
plant pathogens, e.g. bacterial



foliar mildew and rice blast


glucanases
plant pathogens


double-strand ribonuclease
viruses such as, for example, BYDV and



MSMV


envelope proteins
viruses such as, for example, BYDV and



MSMV


toxins of Bacillus thuringiensis,
Lepidoptera, e.g. stem borer, Coleoptera,


VIP 3, Bacillus cereus toxins,
e.g. weevils such as Lissorhoptrus


Photorabdus and
oryzophilus, Diptera, rice planthoppers, e.g.


Xenorhabdus toxins
rice brown planthopper


3-hydroxysteroid oxidase
Lepidoptera, e.g. stem borer, Coleoptera,



e.g. weevils such as Lissorhoptrus



oryzophilus, Diptera, rice planthoppers, e.g.



rice brown planthopper


peroxidase
Lepidoptera, e.g. stem borer, Coleoptera,



e.g. weevils such as Lissorhoptrus



oryzophilus, Diptera, rice planthoppers, e.g.



rice brown planthopper


aminopeptidase inhibitors, e.g.
Lepidoptera, e.g. stem borer, Coleoptera,


leucine



aminopeptidase inhibitor
e.g. weevils such as Lissorhoptrus



oryzophilus, Diptera, rice planthoppers, e.g.



rice brown planthopper


lectins
Lepidoptera, e.g. stem borer, Coleoptera,



e.g. weevils such as Lissorhoptrus



oryzophilus, Diptera, rice planthoppers, e.g.



rice brown planthopper


protease inhibitors
Lepidoptera, e.g. stem borer, Coleoptera,



e.g. weevils such as Lissorhoptrus



oryzophilus, Diptera, rice planthoppers e.g.



rice brown planthopper


ribosome-inactivating protein
Lepidoptera, e.g. stem borer, Coleoptera,



e.g. weevils such as Lissorhoptrus



oryzophilus, Diptera, rice planthoppers, e.g.



rice brown planthopper


HMG-CoA reductase
Lepidoptera, e.g. stem borer, Coleoptera,



e.g. weevils such as Lissorhoptrus



oryzophilus, Diptera, rice planthoppers e.g.



rice brown planthopper










Plant: Soya bean








Structure



affected/principle expressed
Feature of the plant/tolerance to





acetolactate synthase (ALS)
sulphonylurea compounds, imidazolinones



triazolepyrimidines, pyrimidyloxybenzoates,



phthalides


acetyl-CoA carboxylase
aryloxyphenoxyalkanecarboxylic acids,


(ACCase)
cyclohexanediones


hydroxyphenylpyruvate
isooxazoles, such as isoxaflutol or


dioxygenase (HPPD)
isoxachlortol,



triones, such as mesotrione or sulcotrione


phosphinothricin
phosphinothricin


acetyltransferase



O-methyl transferase
modified lignin content


glutamine synthetase
glufosinate, bialaphos


adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL)
inhibitors of IMP and AMP synthesis


adenylosuccinate synthase
inhibitors of adenylosuccinate synthesis


anthranilate synthase
inhibitors of tryptophan synthesis and



degradation


nitrilase
3,5-dihalo-4-hydroxybenzonitriles, such as



bromoxynil and loxinyl


5-enolpyruvyl-3-phospho-
glyphosate or sulphosate


shikimate synthase (EPSPS)



glyphosate oxidoreductase
glyphosate or sulphosate


protoporphyrinogen oxidase
diphenyl ethers, cyclic imides,


(PROTOX)
phenylpyrazoles, pyridine derivatives,



phenopylate, oxadiazoles etc.


cytochrome P450 e.g. P450
xenobiotics and herbicides, such as


SU1 or selection
sulphonylurea compounds


antifungal polypeptide AlyAFP
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as, for



example, Fusarium, Sclerotinia, stem rot


oxalate oxidase
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as, for



example, Fusarium, Sclerotinia, stem rot


glucose oxidase
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as, for



example, Fusarium, Sclerotinia, stem rot


pyrrolnitrin synthesis gene
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as, for



example, Fusarium, Sclerotinia, stem rot


serine/threonine kinases
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as, for



example, Fusarium, Sclerotinia, stem rot


phenylalanine ammonia lyase
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as, for


(PAL)
example, Fusarium, Sclerotinia, stem rot


phytoalexins
plant pathogens, e.g. bacterial foliar



mildew and rice blast


B-1,3-glucanase (antisense)
plant pathogens, e.g. bacterial foliar



mildew and rice blast


receptor kinase
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as, for



example, Fusarium, Sclerotinia, stem rot


polypeptide having the effect of
plant pathogens


triggering a hypersensitivity



reaction



systemic aquired resistance
viral, bacterial, fungal and nematodal


(SAR) genes
pathogens


chitinases
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as, for



example, Fusarium, Sclerotinia, stem rot


glucanases
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as, for



example, Fusarium, Sclerotinia, stem rot


double-strand ribonuclease
viruses such as, for example, BPMV and



SbMV


envelope proteins
viruses such as, for example, BYDV and



MSMV


toxins of Bacillus thuringiensis,
Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, aphids


VIP 3, Bacillus cereus toxins,



Photorabdus and



Xenorhabdus toxins



3-hydroxysteroid oxidase
Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, aphids


peroxidase
Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, aphids


aminopeptidase inhibitors, e.g.
Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, aphids


leucine aminopeptidase



inhibitor



lectins
Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, aphids


protease inhibitors, e.g.
Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, aphids


virgiferin



ribosome-inactivating protein
Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, aphids


HMG-CoA reductase
Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, aphids


barnase
nematodes, e.g. root-knot nematodes and



cyst nematodes


hatching factor for cyst
cyst nematodes


nematodes



principles for preventing food
nematodes, e.g. root-knot nematodes and


uptake
cyst nematodes










Plant: Potato








Structure



affected/protein expressed
Feature of the plant/tolerance to





acetolactate synthase (ALS)
sulphonylurea compounds, imidazolinones



triazolepyrimidines, pyrimidyloxybenzoates,



phthalides


acetyl-CoA carboxylase
aryloxyphenoxyalkanecarboxylic acids,


(ACCase)
cyclohexanediones


hydroxyphenylpyruvate
isooxazoles, such as isoxaflutol or


dioxygenase (HPPD)
isoxachlortol,



triones, such as mesotrione or sulcotrione


phosphinothricin
phosphinothricin


acetyltransferase



O-methyl transferase
modified lignin content


glutamine synthetase
glufosinate, bialaphos


adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL)
inhibitors of IMP and AMP synthesis


adenylosuccinate synthase
inhibitors of adenylosuccinate synthesis


anthranilate synthase
inhibitors of tryptophan synthesis and



degradation


nitrilase
3,5-dihalo-4-hydroxybenzonitriles, such as



bromoxynil and loxinyl


5-enolpyruvyl-3-phospho-
glyphosate or sulphosate


shikimate synthase (EPSPS)



glyphosate oxidoreductase
glyphosate or sulphosate


protoporphyrinogen oxidase
diphenyl ethers, cyclic imides,


(PROTOX)
phenylpyrazoles, pyridine derivatives,



phenopylate, oxadiazoles etc.


cytochrome P450 e.g. P450
xenobiotics and herbicides, such as


SU1 or selection
sulphonylurea compounds


polyphenol oxidase or
black spot


polyphenol oxidase (antisense)



metallothionein
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as, for



example, Phytophtora,


ribonuclease
Phytophtora, Verticillium, Rhizoctonia


antifungal polypeptide AlyAFP
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as, for



example, Phytophtora


oxalate oxidase
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as, for



example, Phytophtora, Verticillium,



Rhizoctonia


glucose oxidase
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as, for



example, Phytophtora, Verticillium,



Rhizoctonia


pyrrolnitrin synthesis gene
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as, for



example, Phytophtora, Verticillium,



Rhizoctonia


serine/threonine kinases
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as, for



example, Phytophtora, Verticillium,



Rhizoctonia


cecropin B
bacteria such as, for example,



Corynebacterium sepedonicum, Erwinia



carotovora


phenylalanine ammonia lyase
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as, for


(PAL)
example, Phytophtora, Verticillium,



Rhizoctonia


phytoalexins
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as, for



example, Phytophtora, Verticillium,



Rhizoctonia


B-1,3-glucanase (antisense)
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as, for



example, Phytophtora, Verticillium,



Rhizoctonia


receptor kinase
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as, for



example, Phytophtora, Verticillium,



Rhizoctonia


polypeptide having the effect of
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as, for


triggering a hypersensitivity
example, Phytophtora, Verticillium,


reaction
Rhizoctonia


systemic aquired resistance
viral, bacterial, fungal and nematodal


(SAR) genes
pathogens


chitinases
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as, for



example, Phytophtora, Verticillium,



Rhizoctonia


barnase
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as, for



example, Phytophtora, Verticillium,



Rhizoctonia


gene 49 for controlling
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as, for


disease resistance
example, Phytophtora, Verticillium,



Rhizoctonia


trans-aldolase (antisense)
black spot


glucanases
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as, for



example, Phytophtora, Verticillium,



Rhizoctonia


double-strand ribonuclease
viruses such as, for example, PLRV, PVY



and TRV


envelope proteins
viruses such as, for example, PLRV, PVY



and TRV


17 kDa or 60 kDa protein
viruses such as, for example, PLRV, PVY



and TRV


nuclear inclusion proteins, e.g.
viruses such as, for example, PLRV, PVY


a or b
and TRV


pseudoubiquitin
viruses such as, for example, PLRV, PVY



and TRV


replicase
viruses such as, for example, PLRV, PVY



and TRV


toxins of Bacillus thuringiensis,
Coleoptera, e.g. Colorado beetle, aphids


VIP 3, Bacillus cereus toxins,



Photorabdus and



Xenorhabdus toxins



3-hydroxysteroid oxidase
Coleoptera, e.g. Colorado beetle, aphids


peroxidase
Coleoptera, e.g. Colorado beetle, aphids


aminopeptidase inhibitors, e.g.
Coleoptera, e.g. Colorado beetle, aphids


leucine



aminopeptidase inhibitor



stilbene synthase
Coleoptera, e.g. Colorado beetle, aphids


lectins
Coleoptera, e.g. Colorado beetle, aphids


protease inhibitors, e.g.
Coleoptera, e.g. Colorado beetle, aphids


cystatin, patatin



ribosomene-inactivating
Coleoptera, e.g. Colorado beetle, aphids


protein



HMG-CoA reductase
Coleoptera, e.g. Colorado beetle, aphids


hatching factor for cyst
cyst nematodes


nematodes



barnase
nematodes, e.g. root-knot nematodes and



cyst nematodes


principles for preventing food
nematodes, e.g. root-knot nematodes and


uptake
cyst nematodes










Plant: Tomato








Structure



affected/principle expressed
Feature of the plant/tolerance to





acetolactate synthase (ALS)
sulphonylurea compounds, imidazolinones



triazolepyrimidines, pyrimidyloxybenzoates,



phthalides


acetyl-CoA carboxylase
aryloxyphenoxyalkanecarboxylic acid,


(ACCase)
cyclohexanedione


hydroxyphenylpyruvate
isooxazoles, such as isoxaflutol or


dioxygenase (HPPD)
isoxachlortol,



triones, such as mesotrione or sulcotrione


phosphinothricin
phosphinothricin


acetyltransferase



O-methyl transferase
modified lignin content


glutamine synthetase
glufosinate, bialaphos


adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL)
inhibitors of IMP and AMP synthesis


adenylosuccinate synthase
inhibitors of adenylosuccinate synthesis


anthranilate synthase
inhibitors of tryptophan synthesis and



degradation


nitrilase
3,5-dihalo-4-hydroxybenzonitriles, such as



bromoxynil and loxinyl


5-enolpyruvyl-3-phospho-
glyphosate or sulphosate


shikimate synthase (EPSPS)



glyphosate oxidoreductase
glyphosate or sulphosate


protoporphyrinogen oxidase
diphenyl ethers, cyclic imides,


(PROTOX)
phenylpyrazoles, pyridine derivatives,



phenopylate, oxadiazoles etc.


cytochrome P450 e.g. P450
xenobiotics and herbicides, such as


SU1 or selection
sulphonylurea compounds


polyphenol oxidase or
black spot


polyphenol oxidase (antisense)



metallothionein
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as, for



example, Phytophtora


ribonuclease
Phytophtora, Verticillium, Rhizoctonia


antifungal polypeptide AlyAFP
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as, for



example, bacterial blotch, Fusarium,



soft rot, powdery mildew, foliar blight,



leaf mould etc.


oxalate oxidase
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as, for



example, bacterial blotch, Fusarium,



soft rot, powdery mildew, foliar blight,



leaf mould etc.


glucose oxidase
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as, for



example, bacterial blotch, Fusarium,



soft rot, powdery mildew, foliar blight,



leaf mould etc.


pyrrolnitrin synthesis gene
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as, for



example, bacterial blotch, Fusarium,



soft rot, powdery mildew, foliar blight,



leaf mould etc.


serine/threonine kinases
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as, for



example, bacterial blotch, Fusarium,



soft rot, powdery mildew, foliar blight,



leaf mould etc.


cecropin B
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as, for



example, bacterial blotch, Fusarium,



soft rot, powdery mildew, foliar blight,



leaf mould etc.


phenylalanine ammonia lyase
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as, for


(PAL)
example, bacterial blotch, Fusarium,



soft rot, powdery mildew, foliar blight,



leaf mould etc.


Cf genes, e.g. Cf9 Cf5 Cf4 Cf2
leaf mould


osmotin
early blight


alpha hordothionin
bakteria


systemin
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as, for



example, bacterial blotch, Fusarium,



soft rot, powdery mildew, foliar blight,



leaf mould etc.


polygalacturonase inhibitors
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as, for



example, bacterial blotch, Fusarium,



soft rot, powdery mildew, foliar blight,



leaf mould etc.


Prf control gene
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as, for



example, bacterial blotch, Fusarium,



soft rot, powdery mildew, foliar blight,



leaf mould etc.


12 fusarium resistance site
Fusarium


phytoalexins
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as, for



example, bacterial blotch, Fusarium,



soft rot, powdery mildew, foliar blight,



leaf mould etc.


B-1,3-glucanase (antisense)
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as, for



example, bacterial blotch, Fusarium,



soft rot, powdery mildew, foliar blight,



leaf mould etc.


receptor kinase
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as, for



example, bacterial blotch, Fusarium,



soft rot, powdery mildew, foliar blight,



leaf mould etc.


polypeptide having the effect of
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as, for


triggering a hypersensitivity
example, bacterial blotch, Fusarium,


reaction
soft rot, powdery mildew, foliar blight,



leaf mould etc.


systemic aquired resistance
viral, bacterial, fungal and nematodal


(SAR) genes
pathogens


chitinases
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as, for



example, bacterial blotch, Fusarium,



soft rot, powdery mildew, foliar blight,



leaf mould etc.


barnase
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as, for



example, bacterial blotch, Fusarium,



soft rot, powdery mildew, foliar blight,



leaf mould etc.


glucanases
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as, for



example, bacterial blotch, Fusarium,



soft rot, powdery mildew, foliar blight,



leaf mould etc.


double-strand ribonuclease
viruses such as, for example, PLRV, PVY



and ToMoV


envelope proteins
viruses such as, for example, PLRV, PVY



and ToMoV


17 kDa or 60 kDa protein
viruses such as, for example, PLRV, PVY



and ToMoV


nuclear inclusion proteins e.g. a
viruses such as, for example, PLRV, PVY


or b or
and ToMoV


nucleoprotein
TRV


pseudoubiquitin
viruses such as, for example, PLRV, PVY



and ToMoV


replicase
viruses such as, for example, PLRV, PVY



and ToMoV


toxins of Bacillus thuringiensis,
Lepidoptera e.g. Heliothis, whitefly


VIP 3, Bacillus cereus toxins,
aphids


Photorabdus and



Xenorhabdus toxins



3-hydroxysteroid oxidase
Lepidoptera e.g. Heliothis, whitefly,



aphids


peroxidase
Lepidoptera e.g. Heliothis, whitefly,



aphids


aminopeptidase inhibitors, e.g.
Lepidoptera e.g. Heliothis, whitefly,


leucine



aminopeptidase inhibitor
aphids


lectins
Lepidoptera e.g. Heliothis, whitefly,



aphids


protease inhibitors, e.g.
Lepidoptera e.g. Heliothis, whitefly,


cystatin, patatin
aphids


ribosome-inactivating protein
Lepidoptera e.g. Heliothis, whitefly,



aphids


stilbene synthase
Lepidoptera e.g. Heliothis, whitefly,



aphids


HMG-CoA reductase
Lepidoptera e.g. Heliothis, whitefly,



aphids


hatching factor for cyst
cyst nematodes


nematodes



barnase
nematodes, e.g. root-knot nematodes and



cyst nematodes


principles for preventing food
nematodes, e.g. root-knot nematodes and


uptake
cyst nematodes










Plant: Bell Pepper








Structure



affected/protein expressed
Feature of the plant/tolerance to





acetolactate synthase (ALS)
sulphonylurea compounds, imidazolinones



triazolopyrimidines,



pyrimidyloxybenzoates, phthalides


acetyl-CoA carboxylase
aryloxyphenoxyalkanecarboxylic acids,


(ACCase)
cyclohexanediones


hydroxyphenylpyruvate
isoxazoles such as, for example, isoxaflutole


dioxygenase (HPPD)
or isoxachlortole, triones such as, for



example, mesotrione or sulcotrione


phosphinothricin
phosphinothricin


acetyltransferase



O-methyl transferase
modified lignin content


glutamine synthetase
glufosinate, bialaphos


adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL)
inhibitors of IMP and AMP synthesis


adenylosuccinate synthase
inhibitors of adenylosuccinate synthesis


anthranilate synthase
inhibitors of tryptophan synthesis and



degradation


nitrilase
3,5-dihalo-4-hydroxybenzonitriles such as



bromoxynil and loxinyl


5-enolpyruvyl-3-phospho-
glyphosate or sulphosate


shikimate synthase (EPSPS)



glyphosate oxidoreductase
glyphosate or sulphosate


protoporphyrinogen oxidase
diphenyl ethers, cyclic imides,


(PROTOX)
phenylpyrazoles, pyridine derivatives,



phenopylate, oxadiazoles etc.


cytochrome P450 e.g. P450
xenobiotics and herbicides such as, for


SU1 or selection
example, sulphonylurea compounds


polyphenol oxidase or
bacterial and fungal pathogens


polyphenol oxidase (antisense)



metallothionein
bacterial and fungal pathogens


ribonuclease
bacterial and fungal pathogens


antifungal polypeptid AlyAFP
bacterial and fungal pathogens


oxalate oxidase
bacterial and fungal pathogens


glucose oxidase
bacterial and fungal pathogens


pyrrolnitrin synthesis genes
bacterial and fungal pathogens


serine/threonine kinases
bacterial and fungal pathogens


cecropin B
bacterial and fungal pathogens, rot,



leaf mould, etc.


phenylalanine ammonia lyase
bacterial and fungal pathogens


(PAL)



Cf genes, e.g. Cf9 Ct5 Cf4 Cf2
bacterial and fungal pathogens


osmotin
bacterial and fungal pathogens


alpha hordothionine
bacterial and fungal pathogens


systemin
bacterial and fungal pathogens


polygalacturonase inhibitors
bacterial and fungal pathogens


Prf control gene
bacterial and fungal pathogens


12 Fusarium resistance site
Fusarium


phytoalexins
bacterial and fungal pathogens


B-1,3-glucanase (antisense)
bacterial and fungal pathogens


receptor kinase
bacterial and fungal pathogens


polypeptide having the effect of
bacterial and fungal pathogens


triggering a hypersensitivity



reaction



systemic aquired resistance
viral, bacterial, fungal and nematodal


(SAR) genes
pathogens


chitinases
bacterial and fungal pathogens


barnase
bacterial and fungal pathogens


glucanases
bacterial and fungal pathogens


double-strand ribonuclease
viruses such as, for example, CMV, TEV


envelope proteins
viruses such as, for example, CMV, TEV


17 kDa or 60 kDa protein
viruses such as, for example, CMV, TEV


nuclear inclusion proteins e.g. a
viruses such as, for example, CMV, TEV


or b or nucleoprotein



pseudoubiquitin
viruses such as, for example, CMV, TEV


replicase
viruses such as, for example, CMV, TEV


toxins of Bacillus thuringiensis,
Lepidoptera, whitefly, aphids


VIP 3, Bacillus cereus toxins,



Photorabdus and



Xenorhabdus toxins



3-hydroxysteroid oxidase
Lepidoptera, whitefly, aphids


peroxidase
Lepidoptera, whitefly, aphids


aminopeptidase inhibitors, e.g.
Lepidoptera, whitefly, aphids


leucine



aminopeptidase inhibitor



lectins
Lepidoptera, whitefly, aphids


protease inhibitors, e.g.
Lepidoptera, whitefly, aphids


cystatin, patatin



ribosome-inactivating protein
Lepidoptera, whitefly, aphids


stilbene synthase
Lepidoptera, whitefly, aphids


HMG-CoA reductase
Lepidoptera, whitefly, aphids


hatching factor for cyst
cyst nematodes


nematodes



barnase
nematodes, e.g. root-knot nematodes and



cyst nematodes


principles for preventing food
nematodes, e.g. root-knot nematodes and


uptake
cyst nematodes










Plant: Grapevines








Structure



affected/principle expressed
Feature of the plant/tolerance to





acetolactate synthase (ALS)
sulphonylurea compounds, imidazolinones



triazolopyrimidines,



pyrimidyloxybenzoates, phthalides


acetyl-CoA carboxylase
aryloxyphenoxyalkanecarboxylic acids,


(ACCase)
cyclohexanediones


hydroxyphenylpyruvate
isoxazoles such as, for example, isoxaflutole


dioxygenase (HPPD)
or isoxachlortole, triones such as, for



example, mesotrione or sulcotrione


phosphinothricin
phosphinothricin


acetyltransferase



O-methyl transferase
modified lignin content


glutamine synthetase
glufosinate, bialaphos


adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL)
inhibitors of IMP and AMP synthesis


adenylosuccinate synthase
inhibitors of adenylosuccinate synthesis


anthranilate synthase
inhibitors of tryptophan synthesis and



degradation


nitrilase
3,5-dihalo-4-hydroxybenzonitriles such as



bromoxynil and loxinyl


5-enolpyruvyl-3-phospho-
glyphosate or sulphosate


shikimate synthase (EPSPS)



glyphosate oxidoreductase
glyphosate or sulphosate


protoporphyrinogen oxidase
diphenyl ethers, cyclic imides,


(PROTOX)
phenylpyrazoles, pyridine derivatives,



phenopylate, oxadiazoles etc.


cytochrome P450 e.g. P450
xenobiotics and herbicides such as, for


SU1 or selection
example, sulphonylurea compounds


polyphenol oxidase or
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as


polyphenol oxidase (antisense)
Botrytis and powdery mildew


metallothionein
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as



Botrytis and powdery mildew


ribonuclease
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as



Botrytis and powdery mildew


antifungal polypeptide AlyAFP
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as



Botrytis and powdery mildew


oxalate oxidase
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as



Botrytis and powdery mildew


glucose oxidase
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as



Botrytis and powdery mildew


pyrrolnitrin synthesis genes
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as



Botrytis and powdery mildew


serine/threonine kinases
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as



Botrytis and powdery mildew


cecropin B
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as



Botrytis and powdery mildew


phenylalanine ammonia lyase
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as


(PAL)
Botrytis and powdery mildew


Cf genes, e.g. Cf9 Cf5 Cf4 Cf2
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as



Botrytis and powdery mildew


osmotin
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as



Botrytis and powdery mildew


alpha hordothionine
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as



Botrytis and powdery mildew


systemin
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as



Botrytis and powdery mildew


polygalacturonase inhibitors
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as



Botrytis and powdery mildew


Prf control gene
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as



Botrytis and powdery mildew


phytoalexins
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as



Botrytis and powdery mildew


B-1,3-glucanase (antisense)
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as



Botrytis and powdery mildew


receptor kinase
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as



Botrytis and powdery mildew


polypeptide having the effect of
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as


triggering a hypersensitivity
Botrytis and powdery mildew


reaction



systemic aquired resistance
viral, bacterial, fungal and nematodal


(SAR) genes
pathogens


chitinases
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as



Botrytis and powdery mildew


barnase
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as



Botrytis and powdery mildew


glucanases
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as



Botrytis and powdery mildew


double-strand ribonuclease
viruses


envelope proteins
viruses


17 kDa or 60 kDa protein
viruses


nuclear inclusion proteins e.g. a
viruses


or b or nucleoprotein



pseudoubiquitin
viruses


replicase
viruses


toxins of Bacillus thuringiensis,
Lepidoptera, aphids


VIP 3, Bacillus cereus toxins,



Photorabdus and



Xenorhabdus toxins



3-hydroxysteroid oxidase
Lepidoptera, aphids


peroxidase
Lepidoptera, aphids


aminopeptidase inhibitors, e.g.
Lepidoptera, aphids


leucine aminopeptidase



inhibitor



lectins
Lepidoptera, aphids


protease inhibitors, e.g.
Lepidoptera, aphids


cystatin, patatin



ribosome-inactivating protein
Lepidoptera, aphids


stilbene synthase
Lepidoptera, aphids, diseases


HMG-CoA reductase
Lepidoptera, aphids


hatching factor for cyst
cyst nematodes


nematodes



barnase
nematodes, e.g. root-knot nematodes and



cyst nematodes or general diseases


CBI
root-knot nematodes


principles for preventing food
nematodes, e.g. root-knot nematodes


uptake
or root-cyst nematodes










Plant: Oilseed rape








Structure



affected/protein expressed
Feature of the plant/tolerance to





acetolactate synthase (ALS)
sulphonylurea compounds, imidazolinones



triazolopyrimidines,



pyrimidyloxybenzoates, phthalides


acetyl-CoA carboxylase
aryloxyphenoxyalkanecarboxylic acids,


(ACCase)
cyclohexanediones


hydroxyphenylpyruvate
isoxazoles such as, for example, isoxaflutole


dioxygenase (HPPD)
or isoxachlortole, triones such as, for



example, mesotrione or sulcotrione


phosphinothricin
phosphinothricin


acetyltransferase



O-methyl transferase
modified lignin content


glutamine synthetase
glufosinate, bialaphos


adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL)
inhibitors of IMP and AMP synthesis


adenylosuccinate synthase
inhibitors of adenylosuccinate synthesis


anthranilate synthase
inhibitors of tryptophan synthesis and



degradation


nitrilase
3,5-dihalo-4-hydroxybenzonitriles such as



bromoxynil and loxinyl


5-enolpyruvyl-3-phospho-
glyphosate or sulphosate


shikimate synthase (EPSPS)



glyphosate oxidoreductase
glyphosate or sulphosate


protoporphyrinogen oxidase
diphenyl ethers, cyclic imides,


(PROTOX)
phenylpyrazoles, pyridine derivatives,



phenopylate, oxadiazoles etc.


cytochrome P450 e.g. P450
xenobiotics and herbicides such as, for


SU1 or selection
example, sulphonylurea compounds


polyphenol oxidase or
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as


polyphenol oxidase (antisense)
Cylindrosporium, Phoma, Sclerotinia


metallothionein
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as



Cylindrosporium, Phoma, Sclerotinia


ribonuclease
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as



Cylindrosporium, Phoma, Sclerotinia


antifungal polypeptid AlyAFP
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as



Cylindrosporium, Phoma, Sclerotinia


oxalate oxidase
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as



Cylindrosporium, Phoma, Sclerotinia


glucose oxidase
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as



Cylindrosporium, Phoma, Sclerotinia


pyrrolnitrin synthesis genes
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as



Cylindrosporium, Phoma, Sclerotinia


serine/threonine kinases
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as



Cylindrosporium, Phoma, Sclerotinia


cecropin B
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as



Cylindrosporium, Phoma, Sclerotinia


phenylalanine ammonia lyase
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as


(PAL)
Cylindrosporium, Phoma, Sclerotinia


Cf genes, e.g. Cf9 Cf5 Cf4 Cf2
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as



Cylindrosporium, Phoma, Sclerotinia


osmotin
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as



Cylindrosporium, Phoma, Sclerotinia


alpha hordothionine
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as



Cylindrosporium, Phoma, Sclerotinia


systemin
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as



Cylindrosporium, Phoma, Sclerotinia


polygalacturonase inhibitors
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as



Cylindrosporium, Phoma, Sclerotinia


Prf control gene
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as



Cylindrosporium, Phoma, Sclerotinia


phytoalexins
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as



Cylindrosporium, Phoma, Sclerotinia


B-1,3-glucanase (antisense)
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as



Cylindrosporium, Phoma, Sclerotinia


receptor kinase
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as



Cylindrosporium, Phoma, Sclerotinia


polypeptide having the effect of
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as


triggering a hypersensitivity
Cylindrosporium, Phoma, Sclerotinia


reaction



systemic aquired resistance
viral, bacterial, fungal and nematodal


(SAR) genes
pathogens


chitinases
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as



Cylindrosporium, Phoma, Sclerotinia


barnase
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as



Cylindrosporium, Phoma, Sclerotinia



nematodes


glucanases
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as



Cylindrosporium, Phoma, Sclerotinia


double-strand ribonuclease
viruses


envelope proteins
viruses


17 kDa or 60 kDa protein
viruses


nuclear inclusion proteins e.g. a
viruses


or b or nucleoprotein



pseudoubiquitin
viruses


replicase
viruses


toxins of Bacillus thuringiensis,
Lepidoptera, aphids


VIP 3, Bacillus cereus toxins,



Photorabdus and



Xenorhabdus toxins



3-hydroxysteroid oxidase
Lepidoptera, aphids


peroxidase
Lepidoptera, aphids


aminopeptidase inhibitors, e.g.
Lepidoptera, aphids


leucine aminopeptidase



inhibitor



lectins
Lepidoptera, aphids


protease inhibitors, e.g.
Lepidoptera, aphids


cystatin, patatin, CPTI



ribosome-inactivating protein
Lepidoptera, aphids


stilbene synthase
Lepidoptera, aphids, diseases


HMG-CoA reductase
Lepidoptera, aphids


hatching factor for cyst
cyst nematodes


nematodes



barnase
nematodes, e.g. root-knot nematodes and



cyst nematodes


CBI
root-knot nematodes


principles for preventing food
nematodes, e.g. root-knot nematodes and


uptake



induced at nematode feeding
root-cyst nematodes


sites










Plant: Brassica vegetables (cabbage, Brussels sprouts etc.)








Structure



affected/protein expressed
Feature of the plant/tolerance to





acetolactate synthase (ALS)
sulphonylurea compounds, imidazolinones



triazolopyrimidines,



pyrimidyloxybenzoates, phthalides


acetyl-CoA carboxylase
aryloxyphenoxyalkanecarboxylic acids,


(ACCase)
cyclohexanediones


hydroxyphenylpyruvate
isoxazoles such as, for example,


dioxygenase (HPPD)
isoxaflutole or isoxachlortole, triones such



as, for example, mesotrione or sulcotrione


phosphinothricin
phosphinothricin


acetyltransferase



O-methyl transferase
modified lignin content


glutamine synthetase
glufosinate, bialaphos


adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL)
inhibitors of IMP and AMP synthesis


adenylosuccinate synthase
inhibitors of adenylosuccinate synthesis


anthranilate synthase
inhibitors of tryptophan synthesis and



degradation


nitrilase
3,5-dihalo-4-hydroxybenzonitriles such as



bromoxynil and loxinyl


5-enolpyruvyl-3-phospho-
glyphosate or sulphosate


shikimate synthase (EPSPS)



glyphosate oxidoreductase
glyphosate or sulphosate


protoporphyrinogen oxidase
diphenyl ethers, cyclic imides,


(PROTOX)
phenylpyrazoles, pyridine derivatives,



phenopylate, oxadiazoles etc.


cytochrome P450 e.g. P450
xenobiotics and herbicides such as, for


SU1 or selection
example, sulphonylurea compounds


polyphenol oxidase or
bacterial and fungal pathogens


polyphenol oxidase (antisense)



metallothionein
bacterial and fungal pathogens


ribonuclease
bacterial and fungal pathogens


antifungal polypeptid AlyAFP
bacterial and fungal pathogens


oxalate oxidase
bacterial and fungal pathogens


glucose oxidase
bacterial and fungal pathogens


pyrrolnitrin synthesis genes
bacterial and fungal pathogens


serine/threonine kinases
bacterial and fungal pathogens


cecropin B
bacterial and fungal pathogens


phenylalanine ammonia lyase
bacterial and fungal pathogens


(PAL)



Cf genes, e.g. Cf9 Cf5 Cf4 Cf2
bacterial and fungal pathogens


osmotin
bacterial and fungal pathogens


alpha hordothionine
bacterial and fungal pathogens


systemin
bacterial and fungal pathogens


polygalacturonase inhibitors
bacterial and fungal pathogens


Prf control gene
bacterial and fungal pathogens


phytoalexins
bacterial and fungal pathogens


B-1,3-glucanase (antisense)
bacterial and fungal pathogens


receptor kinase
bacterial and fungal pathogens


polypeptide having the effect of
bacterial and fungal pathogens


triggering a hypersensitivity



reaction



systemic aquired resistance
viral, bacterial, fungal and nematodal


(SAR) genes
pathogens


chitinases
bacterial and fungal pathogens


barnase
bacterial and fungal pathogens


glucanases
bacterial and fungal pathogens


double-strand ribonuclease
viruses


envelope proteins
viruses


17 kDa or 60 kDa protein
viruses


nuclear inclusion proteins e.g. a
viruses


or b or nucleoprotein



pseudoubiquitin
viruses


replicase
viruses


toxins of Bacillus thuringiensis,
Lepidoptera, aphids


VIP 3, Bacillus cereus toxins,



Photorabdus and



Xenorhabdus toxins



3-hydroxysteroid oxidase
Lepidoptera, aphids


peroxidase
Lepidoptera, aphids


aminopeptidase inhibitors, e.g.
Lepidoptera, aphids


leucine aminopeptidase



inhibitor



lectins
Lepidoptera, aphids


protease inhibitors, e.g.
Lepidoptera, aphids


cystatin, patatin, CPTI



ribosome-inactivating protein
Lepidoptera, aphids


stilbene synthase
Lepidoptera, aphids, diseases


HMG-CoA reductase
Lepidoptera, aphids


hatching factor for cyst
cyst nematodes


nematodes



barnase
nematodes, e.g. root-knot nematodes and



cyst nematodes


CBI
root-knot nematodes


principles for preventing food
nematodes, e.g. root-knot nematodes and


uptake



induced at nematode feeding
root-cyst nematodes


sites
cyst nematodes










Plants: Pomaceous fruit, e.g. apples, pears








Structure



affected/protein expressed
Feature of the plant/tolerance to





acetolactate synthase (ALS)
sulphonylurea compounds, imidazolinones



triazolopyrimidines,



pyrimidyloxybenzoates, phthalides


acetyl-CoA carboxylase
aryloxyphenoxyalkanecarboxylic acids,


(ACCase)
cyclohexanediones


hydroxyphenylpyruvate
isoxazoles such as, for example,


dioxygenase (HPPD)
isoxaflutole or isoxachlortole, triones such



as, for example, mesotrione or sulcotrione


phosphinothricin
phosphinothricin


acetyltransferase



O-methyl transferase
modified lignin content


glutamine synthetase
glufosinate, bialaphos


adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL)
inhibitors of IMP and AMP synthesis


adenylosuccinate synthase
inhibitors of adenylosuccinate synthesis


anthranilate synthase
inhibitors of tryptophan synthesis and



degradation


nitrilase
3,5-dihalo-4-hydroxybenzonitriles such as



bromoxynil and loxinyl


5-enolpyruvyl-3-phospho-
glyphosate or sulphosate


shikimate synthase (EPSPS)



glyphosate oxidoreductase
glyphosate or sulphosate


protoporphyrinogen oxidase
diphenyl ethers, cyclic imides,


(PROTOX)
phenylpyrazoles, pyridine derivatives,



phenopylate, oxadiazoles etc.


cytochrome P450 e.g. P450
xenobiotics and herbicides such as, for


SU1 or selection
example, sulphonylurea compounds


polyphenol oxidase or
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as


polyphenol oxidase (antisense)
storage scab on apples or fire-blight


metallothionein
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as



storage scab on apples or fire-blight


ribonuclease
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as



storage scab on apples or fire-blight


antifungal polypeptid AlyAFP
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as



storage scab on apples or fire-blight


oxalate oxidase
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as



storage scab on apples or fire-blight


glucose oxidase
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as



storage scab on apples or fire-blight


pyrrolnitrin synthesis genes
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as



storage scab on apples or fire-blight


serine/threonine kinases
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as



storage scab on apples or fire-blight


cecropin B
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as



storage scab on apples or fire-blight


phenylalanine ammonia lyase
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as


(PAL)
storage scab on apples or fire-blight


Cf genes, e.g. Cf9 Cf5 Cf4 Cf2
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as



storage scab on apples or fire-blight


osmotin
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as



storage scab on apples or fire-blight


alpha hordothionine
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as



storage scab on apples or fire-blight


systemin
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as



storage scab on apples or fire-blight


polygalacturonase inhibitors
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as



storage scab on apples or fire-blight


Prf control gene
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as



storage scab on apples or fire-blight


phytoalexins
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as



storage scab on apples or fire-blight


B-1,3-glucanase (antisense)
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as



storage scab on apples or fire-blight


receptor kinase
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as



storage scab on apples or fire-blight


polypeptide having the effect of
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as


triggering a hypersensitivity
storage scab on apples or fire-blight


reaction



systemic aquired resistance
viral, bacterial, fungal and nematodal


(SAR) genes
pathogens


lytic protein
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as



storage scab on apples or fire-blight


lysozyme
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as



storage scab on apples or fire-blight


chitinases
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as



storage scab on apples or fire-blight


barnase
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as



storage scab on apples or fire-blight


glucanases
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as



storage scab on apples or fire-blight


double-strand ribonuclease
viruses


envelope proteins
viruses


17 kDa or 60 kDa protein
viruses


nuclear inclusion proteins e.g. a
viruses


or b or nucleoprotein



pseudoubiquitin
viruses


replicase
viruses


toxins of Bacillus thuringiensis,
Lepidoptera, aphids, mites


VIP 3, Bacillus cereus toxins,



Photorabdus and



Xenorhabdus toxins



3-hydroxysteroid oxidase
Lepidoptera, aphids, mites


peroxidase
Lepidoptera, aphids, mites


aminopeptidase inhibitors, e.g.
Lepidoptera, aphids, mites


leucine aminopeptidase



inhibitor



lectins
Lepidoptera, aphids, mites


protease inhibitors, e.g.
Lepidoptera, aphids, mites


cystatin, patatin, CPTI



ribosome-inactivating protein
Lepidoptera, aphids, mites


stilbene synthase
Lepidoptera, aphids, diseases, mites


HMG-CoA reductase
Lepidoptera, aphids, mites


hatching factor for cyst
cyst nematodes


nematodes



barnase
nematodes, e.g. root-knot nematodes and



cyst nematodes


CBI
root-knot nematodes


principles for preventing food
nematodes, e.g. root-knot nematodes and


uptake



induced at nematode feeding
root-cyst nematodes


sites










Plant: Melon








Structure



affected/protein expressed
Feature of the plant/tolerance to





acetolactate synthase (ALS)
sulphonylurea compounds, imidazolinones



triazolopyrimidines,



pyrimidyloxybenzoates, phthalides


acetyl-CoA carboxylase
aryloxyphenoxyalkanecarboxylic acids,


(ACCase)
cyclohexanediones


hydroxyphenylpyruvate
isoxazoles such as, for example,


dioxygenase (HPPD)
isoxaflutole or isoxachlortole, triones such



as, for example, mesotrione or sulcotrione


phosphinothricin
phosphinothricin


acetyltransferase



O-methyl transferase
modified lignin content


glutamine synthetase
glufosinate, bialaphos


adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL)
inhibitors of IMP and AMP synthesis


adenylosuccinate synthase
inhibitors of adenylosuccinate synthesis


anthranilate synthase
inhibitors of tryptophan synthesis and



degradation


nitrilase
3,5-dihalo-4-hydroxybenzonitriles such as



bromoxynil and loxinyl


5-enolpyruvyl-3-phospho-
glyphosate or sulphosate


shikimate synthase (EPSPS)



glyphosate oxidoreductase
glyphosate or sulphosate


protoporphyrinogen oxidase
diphenyl ethers, cyclic imides,


(PROTOX)
phenylpyrazoles, pyridine derivatives,



phenopylate, oxadiazoles etc.


cytochrome P450 e.g. P450
xenobiotics and herbicides such as, for


SU1 or selection
example, sulphonylurea compounds


polyphenol oxidase or
bacterial or fungal pathogens such as


polyphenol oxidase (antisense)
Phytophtora


metallothionein
bacterial or fungal pathogens such as



Phytophtora


ribonuclease
bacterial or fungal pathogens such as



Phytophtora


antifungal polypeptid AlyAFP
bacterial or fungal pathogens such as



Phytophtora


oxalate oxidase
bacterial or fungal pathogens such as



Phytophtora


glucose oxidase
bacterial or fungal pathogens such as



Phytophtora


pyrrolnitrin synthesis genes
bacterial or fungal pathogens such as



Phytophtora


serine/threonine kinases
bacterial or fungal pathogens such as



Phytophtora


cecropin B
bacterial or fungal pathogens such as



Phytophtora


phenylalanine ammonia lyase
bacterial or fungal pathogens such as


(PAL)
Phytophtora


Cf genes, e.g. Cf9 Cf5 Cf4 Cf2
bacterial or fungal pathogens such as



Phytophtora


osmotin
bacterial or fungal pathogens such as



Phytophtora


alpha hordothionine
bacterial or fungal pathogens such as



Phytophtora


systemin
bacterial or fungal pathogens such as



Phytophtora


polygalacturonase inhibitors
bacterial or fungal pathogens such as



Phytophtora


Prf control gene
bacterial or fungal pathogens such as



Phytophtora


phytoalexins
bacterial or fungal pathogens such as



Phytophtora


B-1,3-glucanase (antisense)
bacterial or fungal pathogens such as



Phytophtora


receptor kinase
bacterial or fungal pathogens such as



Phytophtora


polypeptide having the effect of
bacterial or fungal pathogens such as


triggering a hypersensitivity
Phytophtora


reaction



systemic aquired resistance
viral, bacterial, fungal and nematodal


(SAR) genes
pathogens


lytic protein
bacterial or fungal pathogens such as



Phytophtora


lysozyme
bacterial or fungal pathogens such as



Phytophtora


chitinases
bacterial or fungal pathogens such as



Phytophtora


barnase
bacterial or fungal pathogens such as



Phytophtora


glucanases
bacterial or fungal pathogens such as



Phytophtora


double-strand ribonuclease
viruses such as CMV, PRSV, WMV2,



SMV, ZYMV


envelope proteins
viruses such as CMV, PRSV, WMV2,



SMV, ZYMV


17 kDa or 60 kDa protein
viruses such as CMV, PRSV, WMV2,



SMV, ZYMV


nuclear inclusion proteins e.g. a
viruses such as CMV, PRSV, WMV2,


or b or nucleoprotein
SMV, ZYMV


pseudoubiquitin
viruses such as CMV, PRSV, WMV2,



SMV, ZYMV


replicase
viruses such as CMV, PRSV, WMV2,



SMV, ZYMV


toxins of Bacillus thuringiensis,
Lepidoptera, aphids, mites


VIP 3, Bacillus cereus toxins,



Photorabdus and



Xenorhabdus toxins



3-hydroxysteroid oxidase
Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, whitefly


peroxidase
Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, whitefly


aminopeptidase inhibitors, e.g.
Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, whitefly


leucine aminopeptidase



inhibitor



lectins
Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, whitefly


protease inhibitors, e.g.
Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, whitefly


cystatin, patatin, CPTI,



virgiferin



ribosome-inactivating protein
Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, whitefly


stilbene synthase
Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, whitefly


HMG-CoA reductase
Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, whitefly


hatching factor for cyst
cyst nematodes


nematodes



barnase
nematodes, e.g. root-knot nematodes and



cyst nematodes


CBI
root-knot nematodes


principles for preventing food
nematodes, e.g. root-knot nematodes and


uptake



induced at nematode feeding
root-cyst nematodes


sites










Plant: Banana








Structure



affected/protein expressed
Feature of the plant/tolerance to





acetolactate synthase (ALS)
sulphonylurea compounds, imidazolinones



triazolopyrimidines,



pyrimidyloxybenzoates, phthalides


acetyl-CoA carboxylase
aryloxyphenoxyalkanecarboxylic acids,


(ACCase)
cyclohexanediones


hydroxyphenylpyruvate
isoxazoles such as, for example,


dioxygenase (HPPD)
isoxaflutole or isoxachlortole, triones such



as, for example, mesotrione or sulcotrione


phosphinothricin
phosphinothricin


acetyltransferase



O-methyl transferase
modified lignin content


glutamine synthetase
glufosinate, bialaphos


adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL)
inhibitors of IMP and AMP synthesis


adenylosuccinate synthase
inhibitors of adenylosuccinate synthesis


anthranilate synthase
inhibitors of tryptophan synthesis and



degradation


nitrilase
3,5-dihalo-4-hydroxybenzonitriles such as



bromoxynil and loxinyl


5-enolpyruvyl-3-phospho-
glyphosate or sulphosate


shikimate synthase (EPSPS)



glyphosate oxidoreductase
glyphosate or sulphosate


protoporphyrinogen oxidase
diphenyl ethers, cyclic imides,


(PROTOX)
phenylpyrazoles, pyridine derivatives,



phenopylate, oxadiazoles etc.


cytochrome P450 e.g. P450
xenobiotics and herbicides such as, for


SU1 or selection
example, sulphonylurea compounds


polyphenol oxidase or
bacterial or fungal pathogens


polyphenol oxidase (antisense)



metallothionein
bacterial or fungal pathogens


ribonuclease
bacterial or fungal pathogens


antifungal polypeptid AlyAFP
bacterial or fungal pathogens


oxalate oxidase
bacterial or fungal pathogens


glucose oxidase
bacterial or fungal pathogens


pyrrolnitrin synthesis genes
bacterial or fungal pathogens


serine/threonine kinases
bacterial or fungal pathogens


cecropin B
bacterial or fungal pathogens


phenylalanine ammonia lyase
bacterial or fungal pathogens


(PAL)



Cf genes, e.g. Cf9 Cf5 Cf4 Cf2
bacterial or fungal pathogens


osmotin
bacterial or fungal pathogens


alpha hordothionine
bacterial or fungal pathogens


systemin
bacterial or fungal pathogens


polygalacturonase inhibitors
bacterial or fungal pathogens


Prf control gene
bacterial or fungal pathogens


phytoalexins
bacterial or fungal pathogens


B-1,3-glucanase (antisense)
bacterial or fungal pathogens


receptor kinase
bacterial or fungal pathogens


polypeptide having the effect of
bacterial or fungal pathogens


triggering a hypersensitivity



reaction



systemic aquired resistance
viral, bacterial, fungal and nematodal


(SAR) genes
pathogens


lytic protein
bacterial or fungal pathogens


lysozyme
bacterial or fungal pathogens


chitinases
bacterial or fungal pathogens


barnase
bacterial or fungal pathogens


glucanases
bacterial or fungal pathogens


double-strand ribonuclease
viruses such as the Banana Bunchy Top



Virus (BBTV)


envelope proteins
viruses such as the Banana Bunchy Top



Virus (BBTV)


17 kDa or 60 kDa protein
viruses such as the Banana Bunchy Top



Virus (BBTV)


nuclear inclusion proteins e.g. a
viruses such as the Banana Bunchy Top


or b or nucleoprotein
Virus (BBTV)


pseudoubiquitin
viruses such as the Banana Bunchy Top



Virus (BBTV)


replicase
viruses such as the Banana Bunchy Top



Virus (BBTV)


toxins of Bacillus thuringiensis,
Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes


VIP 3, Bacillus cereus toxins,



Photorabdus and



Xenorhabdus toxins



3-hydroxysteroid oxidase
Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes


peroxidase
Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes


aminopeptidase inhibitors, e.g.
Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes


leucine aminopeptidase



inhibitor



lectins
Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes


protease inhibitors, e.g.
Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes


cystatin, patatin, CPTI,



virgiferin



ribosome-inactivating protein
Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes


stilbene synthase
Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes


HMG-CoA reductase
Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes


hatching factor for cyst
cyst nematodes


nematodes



barnase
nematodes, e.g. root-knot nematodes and



cyst nematodes


CBI
root-knot nematodes


principles for preventing food
nematodes, e.g. root-knot nematodes and


uptake



induced at nematode feeding
root-cyst nematodes


sites










Plant: Cotton








Structure



affected/protein expressed
Feature of the plant/tolerance to





acetolactate synthase (ALS)
sulphonylurea compounds, imidazolinones



triazolopyrimidines,



pyrimidyloxybenzoates, phthalides


acetyl-CoA carboxylase
aryloxyphenoxyalkanecarboxylic acids,


(ACCase)
cyclohexanediones


hydroxyphenylpyruvate
isoxazoles such as, for example,


dioxygenase (HPPD)
isoxaflutole or isoxachlortole, triones such



as, for example, mesotrione or sulcotrione


phosphinothricin
phosphinothricin


acetyltransferase



O-methyl transferase
modified lignin content


glutamine synthetase
glufosinate, bialaphos


adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL)
inhibitors of IMP and AMP synthese


adenylosuccinate synthase
inhibitors of adenylosuccinate synthesis


anthranilate synthase
inhibitors of tryptophan synthesis and



degradation


nitrilase
3,5-dihalo-4-hydroxybenzonitriles such as



bromoxynil and loxinyl


5-enolpyruvyl-3-phospho-
glyphosate or sulphosate


shikimate synthase (EPSPS)



glyphosate oxidoreductase
glyphosate or sulphosate


protoporphyrinogen oxidase
diphenyl ethers, cyclic imides,


(PROTOX)
phenylpyrazoles, pyridine derivatives,



phenopylate, oxadiazoles etc.


cytochrome P450 e.g. P450
xenobiotics and herbicides such as, for


SU1 or selection
example, sulphonylurea compounds


polyphenol oxidase or
bacterial or fungal pathogens


polyphenol oxidase (antisense)



metallothionein
bacterial or fungal pathogens


ribonuclease
bacterial or fungal pathogens


antifungal polypeptid AlyAFP
bacterial or fungal pathogens


oxalate oxidase
bacterial or fungal pathogens


glucose oxidase
bacterial or fungal pathogens


pyrrolnitrin synthesis genes
bacterial or fungal pathogens


serine/threonine kinases
bacterial or fungal pathogens


cecropin B
bacterial or fungal pathogens


phenylalanine ammonia lyase
bacterial or fungal pathogens


(PAL)



Cf genes, e.g. Cf9 Cf5 Cf4 Cf2
bacterial or fungal pathogens


osmotin
bacterial or fungal pathogens


alpha hordothionine
bacterial or fungal pathogens


systemin
bacterial or fungal pathogens


polygalacturonase inhibitors
bacterial or fungal pathogens


Prf control gene
bacterial or fungal pathogens


phytoalexins
bacterial or fungal pathogens


B-1,3-glucanase (antisense)
bacterial or fungal pathogens


receptor kinase
bacterial or fungal pathogens


polypeptide having the effect of
bacterial or fungal pathogens


triggering a hypersensitivity



reaction



systemic aquired resistance
viral, bacterial, fungal and nematodal


(SAR) genes
pathogens


lytic protein
bacterial or fungal pathogens


lysozyme
bacterial or fungal pathogens


chitinases
bacterial or fungal pathogens


barnase
bacterial or fungal pathogens


glucanases
bacterial or fungal pathogens


double-strand ribonuclease
viruses such as the wound tumour virus



(WTV)


envelope proteins
viruses such as the wound tumour virus



(WTV)


17 kDa or 60 kDa protein
viruses such as the wound tumour virus



(WTV)


nuclear inclusion proteins e.g. a
viruses such as the wound tumour virus


or b or nucleoprotein
(WTV)


pseudoubiquitin
viruses such as the wound tumour virus



(WTV)


replicase
viruses such as the wound tumour virus



(WTV)


toxins of Bacillus thuringiensis,
Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes,


VIP 3, Bacillus cereus toxins,
whitefly


Photorabdus and



Xenorhabdus toxins



3-hydroxysteroid oxidase
Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes,



whitefly


peroxidase
Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes,



whitefly


aminopeptidase inhibitors, e.g.
Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes,


leucine aminopeptidase
whitefly


inhibitor



lectins
Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes,



whitefly


protease inhibitors, e.g.
Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes,


cystatin, patatin, CPTI,
whitefly


virgiferin



ribosome-inactivating protein
Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes,



whitefly


stilbene synthase
Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes,



whitefly


HMG-CoA reductase
Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes,



whitefly


hatching factor for cyst
cyst nematodes


nematodes



barnase
nematodes, e.g. root-knot nematodes and



cyst nematodes


CBI
root-knot nematodes


principles for preventing food
nematodes, e.g. root-knot nematodes and


uptake



induced at nematode feeding
root-cyst nematodes


sites










Plant: Sugar cane








Feature



affected/protein expressed
Feature of the plant/tolerance to





acetolactate synthase (ALS)
sulphonylurea compounds, imidazolinones



triazolopyrimidines,



pyrimidyloxybenzoates, phthalides


acetyl-CoA carboxylase
aryloxyphenoxyalkanecarboxylic acids,


(ACCase)
cyclohexanediones


hydroxyphenylpyruvate
isoxazoles such as, for example,


dioxygenase (HPPD)
isoxaflutole or isoxachlortole, triones such



as, for example, mesotrione or sulcotrione


phosphinothricin
phosphinothricin


acetyltransferase



O-methyl transferase
modified lignin content


glutamine synthetase
glufosinate, bialaphos


adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL)
inhibitors of IMP and AMP synthesis


adenylosuccinate synthase
inhibitors of adenylosuccinate synthesis


anthranilate synthase
inhibitors of tryptophan synthesis and



degradation


nitrilase
3,5-dihalo-4-hydroxybenzonitriles such as



bromoxynil and loxinyl


5-enolpyruvyl-3-phospho-
glyphosate or sulphosate


shikimate synthase (EPSPS)



glyphosate oxidoreductase
glyphosate or sulphosate


protoporphyrinogen oxidase
diphenyl ethers, cyclic imides,


(PROTOX)
phenylpyrazoles, pyridine derivatives,



phenopylate, oxadiazoles etc.


cytochrome P450 e.g. P450
xenobiotics and herbicides such as, for


SU1 or selection
example, sulphonylurea compounds


polyphenol oxidase or
bacterial or fungal pathogens


polyphenol oxidase (antisense)



metallothionein
bacterial or fungal pathogens


ribonuclease
bacterial or fungal pathogens


antifungal polypeptid AlyAFP
bacterial or fungal pathogens


oxalate oxidase
bacterial or fungal pathogens


glucose oxidase
bacterial or fungal pathogens


pyrrolnitrin synthesis genes
bacterial or fungal pathogens


serine/threonine kinases
bacterial or fungal pathogens


cecropin B
bacterial or fungal pathogens


phenylalanine ammonia lyase
bacterial or fungal pathogens


(PAL)



Cf genes, e.g. Cf9 Cf5 Cf4 Cf2
bacterial or fungal pathogens


osmotin
bacterial or fungal pathogens


alpha hordothionine
bacterial or fungal pathogens


systemin
bacterial or fungal pathogens


polygalacturonase inhibitors
bacterial or fungal pathogens


Prf control gene
bacterial or fungal pathogens


phytoalexins
bacterial or fungal pathogens


B-1,3-glucanase (antisense)
bacterial or fungal pathogens


receptor kinase
bacterial or fungal pathogens


polypeptide having the effect of
bacterial or fungal pathogens


triggering a hypersensitivity



reaction



systemic aquired resistance
viral, bacterial, fungal and nematodal


(SAR) genes
pathogens


lytic protein
bacterial or fungal pathogens


lysozyme
bacterial or fungal pathogens, e.g.



Clavibacter


chitinases
bacterial or fungal pathogens


barnase
bacterial or fungal pathogens


glucanases
bacterial or fungal pathogens


double-strand ribonuclease
viruses such as SCMV, SrMV


envelope proteins
viruses such as SCMV, SrMV


17 kDa or 60 kDa protein
viruses such as SCMV, SrMV


nuclear inclusion proteins e.g. a
viruses such as SCMV, SrMV


or b or nucleoprotein



pseudoubiquitin
viruses such as SCMV, SrMV


replicase
viruses such as SCMV, SrMV


toxins of Bacillus thuringiensis,
Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes,


VIP 3, Bacillus cereus toxins,
whitefly, beetles such as e.g. the Mexican


Photorabdus and
rice borer


Xenorhabdus toxins



3-hydroxysteroid oxidase
Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes,



whitefly, beetles such as e.g. the Mexican



rice borer


peroxidase
Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes,



whitefly, beetles such as e.g. the Mexican



rice borer


aminopeptidase inhibitors, e.g.
Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes,


leucine aminopeptidase
whitefly, beetles such as e.g. the Mexican


inhibitor
rice borer


lectins
Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes,



whitefly, beetles such as e.g. the Mexican



rice borer


protease inhibitors, e.g.
Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes,


cystatin, patatin, CPTI,
whitefly, beetles such as e.g. the Mexican


virgiferin
rice borer


ribosome-inactivating protein
Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes,



whitefly, beetles such as e.g. the Mexican



rice borer


stilbene synthase
Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes,



whitefly, beetles such as e.g. the Mexican



rice borer


HMG-CoA reductase
Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes,



whitefly, beetles such as e.g. the Mexican



rice borer


hatching factor for cyst
cyst nematodes


nematodes



barnase
nematodes, e.g. root-knot nematodes and



cyst nematodes


CBI
root-knot nematodes


principles for preventing food
nematodes, e.g. root-knot nematodes and


uptake



induced at nematode feeding
root-cyst nematodes


sites










Plant: Sunflower








Structure



affected/protein expressed
Feature of the plant/tolerance to





acetolactate synthase (ALS)
sulphonylurea compounds, imidazolinones



triazolopyrimidines,



pyrimidyloxybenzoates, phthalides


acetyl-CoA carboxylase
aryloxyphenoxyalkanecarboxylic acids,


(ACCase)
cyclohexanediones


hydroxyphenylpyruvate
isoxazoles such as, for example,


dioxygenase (HPPD)
isoxaflutole or isoxachlortole, triones such



as, for example, mesotrione or sulcotrione


phosphinothricin
phosphinothricin


acetyltransferase



O-methyl transferase
modified lignin content


glutamine synthetase
glufosinate, bialaphos


adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL)
inhibitors of IMP and AMP synthesis


adenylosuccinate synthase
inhibitors of adenylosuccinate synthesis


anthranilate synthase
inhibitors of tryptophan synthesis and



degradation


nitrilase
3,5-dihalo-4-hydroxybenzonitriles such as



bromoxynil and loxinyl


5-enolpyruvyl-3-phospho-
glyphosate or sulphosate


shikimate synthase (EPSPS)



glyphosate oxidoreductase
glyphosate or sulphosate


protoporphyrinogen oxidase
diphenyl ethers, cyclic imides,


(PROTOX)
phenylpyrazoles, pyridine derivatives,



phenopylate, oxadiazoles etc.


cytochrome P450 e.g. P450
xenobiotics and herbicides such as, for


SU1 or selection
example,



sulphonylurea compounds


polyphenol oxidase or
bacterial or fungal pathogens


polyphenol oxidase (antisense)



metallothionein
bacterial or fungal pathogens


ribonuclease
bacterial or fungal pathogens


antifungal polypeptid AlyAFP
bacterial or fungal pathogens


oxalate oxidase
bacterial or fungal pathogens, e.g.



Sclerotinia


glucose oxidase
bacterial or fungal pathogens


pyrrolnitrin synthesis genes
bacterial or fungal pathogens


serine/threonine kinases
bacterial or fungal pathogens


cecropin B
bacterial or fungal pathogens


phenylalanine ammonia lyase
bacterial or fungal pathogens


(PAL)



Cf genes, e.g. Cf9 Cf5 Cf4 Cf2
bacterial or fungal pathogens


osmotin
bacterial or fungal pathogens


alpha hordothionine
bacterial or fungal pathogens


systemin
bacterial or fungal pathogens


polygalacturonase inhibitors
bacterial or fungal pathogens


Prf control gene
bacterial or fungal pathogens


phytoalexins
bacterial or fungal pathogens


B-1,3-glucanase (antisense)
bacterial or fungal pathogens


receptor kinase
bacterial or fungal pathogens


polypeptide having the effect of
bacterial or fungal pathogens


triggering a hypersensitivity



reaction



systemic aquired resistance
viral, bacterial, fungal and nematodal


(SAR) genes
pathogens


lytic protein
bacterial or fungal pathogens


lysozyme
bacterial or fungal pathogens


chitinases
bacterial or fungal pathogens


barnase
bacterial or fungal pathogens


glucanases
bacterial or fungal pathogens


double-strand ribonuclease
viruses such as CMV, TMV


envelope proteins
viruses such as CMV, TMV


17 kDa or 60 kDa protein
viruses such as CMV, TMV


nuclear inclusion proteins e.g. a
viruses such as CMV, TMV


or b or nucleoprotein



pseudoubiquitin
viruses such as CMV, TMV


replicase
viruses such as CMV, TMV


toxins of Bacillus thuringiensis,
Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes,


VIP 3, Bacillus cereus toxins,
whitefly, beetles


Photorabdus and



Xenorhabdus toxins



3-hydroxysteroid oxidase
Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes,



whitefly, beetles


peroxidase
Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes,



whitefly, beetles


aminopeptidase inhibitors, e.g.
Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes,


leucine aminopeptidase
whitefly, beetles


inhibitor



lectins
Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes,



whitefly, beetles


protease inhibitors, e.g.
Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes,


cystatin, patatin, CPTI,
whitefly, beetles


virgiferin



ribosome-inactivating protein
Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes,



whitefly, beetles


stilbene synthase
Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes,



whitefly, beetles


HMG-CoA reductase
Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes,



whitefly, beetles


hatching factor for cyst
cyst nematodes


nematodes



barnase
nematodes, e.g. root-knot nematodes and



cyst nematodes


CBI
root-knot nematodes


principles for preventing food
nematodes, e.g. root-knot nematodes and


uptake



induced at nematode feeding
root-cyst nematodes


sites










Plants: Sugar beet, turnips








Structure



affected/protein expressed
Feature of the plant/tolerance to





acetolactate synthase (ALS)
sulphonylurea compounds, imidazolinones



triazolopyrimidines,



pyrimidyloxybenzoates, phthalides


acetyl-CoA carboxylase
aryloxyphenoxyalkanecarboxylic acids,


(ACCase)
cyclohexanediones


hydroxyphenylpyruvate
isoxazoles such as, for example,


dioxygenase (HPPD)
isoxaflutole or isoxachlortole, triones such



as, for example, mesotrione or sulcotrione


phosphinothricin
phosphinothricin


acetyltransferase



O-methyl transferase
modified lignin content


glutamine synthetase
glufosinate, bialaphos


adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL)
inhibitors of IMP and AMP synthesis


adenylosuccinate synthase
inhibitors of adenylosuccinate synthesis


anthranilate synthase
inhibitors of tryptophan synthesis and



degradation


nitrilase
3,5-dihalo-4-hydroxybenzonitriles such as



bromoxynil and loxinyl


5-enolpyruvyl-3-phospho-
glyphosate or sulphosate


shikimate synthase (EPSPS)



glyphosate oxidoreductase
glyphosate or sulphosate


protoporphyrinogen oxidase
diphenyl ethers, cyclic imides,


(PROTOX)
phenylpyrazoles, pyridine derivatives,



phenopylate, oxadiazoles etc.


cytochrome P450 e.g. P450
xenobiotics and herbicides such as, for


SU1 or selection
example, sulphonylurea compounds


polyphenol oxidase or
bacterial or fungal pathogens


polyphenol oxidase (antisense)



metallothionein
bacterial or fungal pathogens


ribonuclease
bacterial or fungal pathogens


antifungal polypeptid AlyAFP
bacterial or fungal pathogens


oxalate oxidase
bacterial or fungal pathogens, e.g.



Sclerotinia


glucose oxidase
bacterial or fungal pathogens


pyrrolnitrin synthesis genes
bacterial or fungal pathogens


serine/threonine kinases
bacterial or fungal pathogens


cecropin B
bacterial or fungal pathogens


phenylalanine ammonia lyase
bacterial or fungal pathogens


(PAL)



Cf genes, e.g. Cf9 Cf5 Cf4 Cf2
bacterial or fungal pathogens


osmotin
bacterial or fungal pathogens


alpha hordothionine
bacterial or fungal pathogens


systemin
bacterial or fungal pathogens


polygalacturonase inhibitors
bacterial or fungal pathogens


Prf control gene
bacterial or fungal pathogens


phytoalexins
bacterial or fungal pathogens


B-1,3-glucanase (antisense)
bacterial or fungal pathogens


AX + WIN-proteins
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as



Cercospora beticola


receptor kinase
bacterial or fungal pathogens


polypeptide having the effect of
bacterial or fungal pathogens


triggering a hypersensitivity



reaction



systemic aquired resistance
viral, bacterial, fungal and nematodal


(SAR) genes
pathogens


lytic protein
bacterial or fungal pathogens


lysozyme
bacterial or fungal pathogens


chitinases
bacterial or fungal pathogens


barnase
bacterial or fungal pathogens


glucanases
bacterial or fungal pathogens


double-strand ribonuclease
viruses such as, for example, BNYVV


envelope proteins
viruses such as, for example, BNYVV


17 kDa or 60 kDa protein
viruses such as, for example, BNYVV


nuclear inclusion proteins e.g. a
viruses such as, for example, BNYVV


or b or nucleoprotein



pseudoubiquitin
viruses such as, for example, BNYVV


replicase
viruses such as, for example, BNYVV


toxins of Bacillus thuringiensis,
Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes,


VIP 3, Bacillus cereus toxins,
whitefly, beetles, root-flies


Photorabdus and



Xenorhabdus toxins



3-hydroxysteroid oxidase
Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes,



whitefly, beetles, root-flies


peroxidase
Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes,



whitefly, beetles, root-flies


aminopeptidase inhibitors, e.g.
Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes,


leucine aminopeptidase
whitefly, beetles, root-flies


inhibitor



lectins
Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes,



whitefly, beetles, root-flies


protease inhibitors, e.g.
Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes,


cystatin, patatin, CPTI,
whitefly, beetles, root-flies


virgiferin



ribosome-inactivating protein
Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes,



whitefly, beetles, root-flies


stilbene synthase
Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes,



whitefly, beetles, root-flies


HMG-CoA reductase
Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes,



whitefly, beetles, root-flies


hatching factor for cyst
cyst nematodes


nematodes



barnase
nematodes, e.g. root-knot nematodes and



cyst nematodes


beet cyst nematode resistance
cyst nematodes


site



CBI
root-knot nematodes


principles for preventing food
nematodes, e.g. root-knot nematodes and


uptake induced
root-cyst nematodes


















TABLE 2






AP
Control of








CrylA(a)
Adoxophyes spp.



CrylA(a)
Agrotis spp.



CrylA(a)
Alabama argiliaceae



CrylA(a)
Anticarsia gemmatalis



CrylA(a)
Chilo spp.



CrylA(a)
Clysia ambiguella



CrylA(a)
Crocidolomia binotalis



CrylA(a)
Cydia spp.



CrylA(a)
Diparopsis castanea



CrylA(a)
Earias spp.



CrylA(a)
Ephestia spp.



CrylA(a)
Heliothis spp.



CrylA(a)
Heliula undalis



CrylA(a)
Keiferia lycopersicella



CrylA(a)
Leucoptera scitella



CrylA(a)
Lithocollethis spp.



CrylA(a)
Lobesia botrana



CrylA(a)
Ostrinia nubilalis



CrylA(a)
Pandemis spp.



CrylA(a)
Pectinophora gossyp.



CrylA(a)
Phyllocnistis citrella



CrylA(a)
Pieris spp.



CrylA(a)
Plutella xylostella



CrylA(a)
Scirpophaga spp.



CrylA(a)
Sesamia spp.



CrylA(a)
Sparganothis spp.



CrylA(a)
Spodoptera spp.



CrylA(a)
Tortrix spp.



CrylA(a)
Trichoplusia ni



CrylA(a)
Agriotes spp.



CrylA(a)
Anthonomus grandis



CrylA(a)
Curculio spp.



CrylA(a)
Diabrotica balteata



CrylA(a)
Leptinotarsa spp.



CrylA(a)
Lissorhoptrus spp.



CrylA(a)
Otiorhynchus spp.



CrylA(a)
Aleurothrixus spp.



CrylA(a)
Aleyrodes spp.



CrylA(a)
Aonidiella spp.



CrylA(a)
Aphididea spp.



CrylA(a)
Aphis spp.



CrylA(a)
Bemisia tabaci



CrylA(a)
Empoasca spp.



CrylA(a)
Mycus spp.



CrylA(a)
Nephotettix spp.



CrylA(a)
Nilaparvata spp.



CrylA(a)
Pseudococcus spp.



CrylA(a)
Psylla spp.



CrylA(a)
Quadraspidiotus spp.



CrylA(a)
Schizaphis spp.



CrylA(a)
Trialeurodes spp.



CrylA(a)
Lyriomyza spp.



CrylA(a)
Oscinella spp.



CrylA(a)
Phorbia spp.



CrylA(a)
Frankliniella spp.



CrylA(a)
Thrips spp.



CrylA(a)
Scirtothrips aurantii



CrylA(a)
Aceria spp.



CrylA(a)
Aculus spp.



CrylA(a)
Brevipaipus spp.



CrylA(a)
Panonychus spp.



CrylA(a)
Phyllocoptruta spp.



CrylA(a)
Tetranychus spp.



CrylA(a)
Heterodera spp.



CrylA(a)
Meloidogyne spp.



CrylA(b)
Adoxophyes spp



CrylA(b)
Agrotis spp



CrylA(b)
Alabama argillaceae



CrylA(b)
Anticarsia gemmatalis



CrylA(b)
Chilo spp.



CrylA(b)
Ciysia ambiguella



CrylA(b)
Crocidolomia binotaiis



CrylA(b)
Cydia spp.



CrylA(b)
Diparopsis castanea



CrylA(b)
Earias spp.



CrylA(b)
Ephestia spp.



CrylA(b)
Heliothis spp.



CrylA(b)
Hellula undalis



CrylA(b)
Keiferia lycopersicella



CrylA(b)
Leucoptera scitella



CrylA(b)
Lithocollethis spp.



CrylA(b)
Lobesia botrana



CrylA(b)
Ostrinia nubilalis



CrylA(b)
Pandemis spp.



CrylA(b)
Pectinophora gossyp.



CrylA(b)
Phyllocnistis citrella



CrylA(b)
Pieris spp.



CrylA(b)
Plutelia xyiostella



CrylA(b)
Scirpophaga spp.



CrylA(b)
Sesamia spp.



CrylA(b)
Sparganothis spp.



CrylA(b)
Spodoptera spp.



CrylA(b)
Tortrix spp.



CrylA(b)
Trichoplusia ni



CrylA(b)
Agriotes spp.



CrylA(b)
Anthonomus grandis



CrylA(b)
Curculio spp.



CrylA(b)
Diabrotica balteata



CrylA(b)
Leptinotarsa spp.



CrylA(b)
Lissorhoptrus spp.



CrylA(b)
Otiorhynchus spp.



CrylA(b)
Aleurothrixus spp.



CrylA(b)
Aleyrodes spp.



CrylA(b)
Aonidiella spp.



CrylA(b)
Aphididae spp.



CrylA(b)
Aphis spp.



CrylA(b)
Bemisia tabaci



CrylA(b)
Empoasca spp.



CrylA(b)
Mycus spp.



CrylA(b)
Nephotettix spp.



CrylA(b)
Nilaparvata spp.



CrylA(b)
Pseudococcus spp.



CrylA(b)
Psylla spp.



CrylA(b)
Quadraspidiotus spp.



CrylA(b)
Schizaphis spp.



CrylA(b)
Trialeurodes spp.



CrylA(b)
Lyriomyza spp.



CrylA(b)
Oscinella spp.



CrylA(b)
Phorbia spp.



CrylA(b)
Frankliniella spp.



CrylA(b)
Thrips spp.



CrylA(b)
Scirtothrips aurantii



CrylA(b)
Aceria spp.



CrylA(b)
Aculus spp.



CrylA(b)
Brevipalpus spp.



CrylA(b)
Panonychus spp.



CrylA(b)
Phyllocoptruta spp.



CrylA(b)
Tetranychus spp.



CrylA(b)
Heterodera spp.



CrylA(b)
Meloidogyne spp.



CrylA(c)
Adoxophyes spp.



CrylA(c)
Agrotis spp.



CrylA(c)
Alabama argillaceae



CrylA(c)
Anticarsia gemmatalis



CrylA(c)
Chilo spp.



CrylA(c)
Ciysia ambiguella



CrylA(c)
Crocidolomia binotalis



CrylA(c)
Cydia spp.



CrylA(c)
Diparopsis castanea



CrylA(c)
Earias spp.



CrylA(c)
Ephestia spp.



CrylA(c)
Heliothis spp.



CrylA(c)
Hellula undalis



CrylA(c)
Keiferia lycopersicella



CrylA(c)
Leucoptera scitella



CrylA(c)
Lithocollethis spp.



CrylA(c)
Lobesia botrana



CrylA(c)
Ostrinia nubilalis



CrylA(c)
Pandemis spp.



CrylA(c)
Pectinophora gossypielia.



CrylA(c)
Phyllocnistis citrella



CrylA(c)
Pieris spp.



CrylA(c)
Plutella xyiostella



CrylA(c)
Scirpophaga spp.



CrylA(c)
Sesamia spp.



CrylA(c)
Sparganothis spp.



CrylA(c)
Spodoptera spp.



CrylA(c)
Tortrix spp.



CrylA(c)
Trichoplusia ni



CrylA(c)
Agriotes spp.



CrylA(c)
Anthonomus grandis



CrylA(c)
Curculio spp.



CrylA(c)
Diabrotica baiteata



CrylA(c)
Leptinotarsa spp.



CrylA(c)
Lissorhoptrus spp.



CrylA(c)
Otiorhynchus spp.



CrylA(c)
Aleurothrixus spp.



CrylA(c)
Aleyrodes spp.



CrylA(c)
Aonidiella spp.



CrylA(c)
Aphididae spp.



CrylA(c)
Aphis spp.



CrylA(c)
Bemisia tabaci



CrylA(c)
Empoasca spp.



CrylA(c)
Mycus spp.



CrylA(c)
Nephotettix spp.



CrylA(c)
Nilaparvata spp.



CrylA(c)
Pseudococcus spp.



CrylA(c)
Psylla spp.



CrylA(c)
Quadraspidiotus spp.



CrylA(c)
Schizaphis spp.



CrylA(c)
Trialeurodes spp.



CrylA(c)
Lyriomyza spp.



CrylA(c)
Oscinelia spp.



CrylA(c)
Phorbia spp.



CrylA(c)
Frankliniella spp.



CrylA(c)
Thrips spp.



CrylA(c)
Scirtothrips aurantii



CrylA(c)
Aceria spp.



CrylA(c)
Aculus spp.



CrylA(c)
Brevipalpus spp.



CrylA(c)
Panonychus spp.



CrylA(c)
Phyllocoptruta spp.



CrylA(c)
Tetranychus spp.



CrylA(c)
Heterodera spp.



CrylA(c)
Meloidogyne spp.



CryllA
Adoxophyes spp.



CryllA
Agrotis spp.



CryllA
Alabama argillaceae



CryllA
Anticarsia gemmatalis



CryllA
Chilo spp.



CryllA
Clysia ambiguella



CryllA
Crocidolomia binotalis



CryllA
Cydia spp.



CryllA
Diparopsis castanea



CryllA
Earias spp.



CryllA
Ephestia spp.



CryllA
Heliothis spp.



CryllA
Hellula undalis



CryllA
Keiferia lycopersicella



CryllA
Leucoptera scitella



CryllA
Lithocoliethis spp.



CryllA
Lobesia botrana



CryllA
Ostrinia nubilalis



CryllA
Pandemis spp.



CryllA
Pectinophora gossyp.



CryllA
Phyllocnistis citrella



CryllA
Pieris spp.



CryllA
Plutella xylostella



CryllA
Scirpophaga spp.



CryllA
Sesamia spp.



CryllA
Sparganothis spp.



CryllA
Spodoptera spp.



CryllA
Tortrix spp.



CryllA
Trichoplusia ni



CryllA
Agriotes spp.



CryllA
Anthonomus grandis



CryllA
Curculio spp.



CryllA
Diabrotica balteata



CryllA
Leptinotarsa spp.



CryllA
Lissorhoptrus spp.



CryllA
Otiorhynchus spp.



CryllA
Aleurothrixus spp.



CryllA
Aleyrodes spp.



CryllA
Aonidiella spp.



CryllA
Aphididae spp.



CryllA
Aphis spp.



CryllA
Bemisia tabaci



CryllA
Empoasca spp.



CryllA
Mycus spp.



CryllA
Nephotettix spp.



CryllA
Nilaparvata spp.



CryllA
Pseudococcus spp.



CryllA
Psyila spp.



CryllA
Quadraspidiotus spp.



CryllA
Schizaphis spp.



CryllA
Trialeurodes spp.



CryllA
Lyriomyza spp.



CryllA
Oscinella spp.



CryllA
Phorbia spp.



CryllA
Frankliniella spp.



CryllA
Thrips spp.



CryllA
Scirtothrips aurantii



CryllA
Aceria spp.



CryllA
Acutus spp.



CryllA
Brevipalpus spp.



CryllA
Panonychus spp.



CryllA
Phyllocoptruta spp.



CryllA
Tetranychus spp.



CryllA
Heterodera spp.



CryllA
Meloidogyne spp.



CrylllA
Adoxophyes spp.



CrylllA
Agrotis spp.



CrylllA
Alabama argiiiaceae



CrylllA
Anticarsia gemmataiis



CrylllA
Chilo spp.



CrylllA
Ciysia ambiguelia



CrylllA
Crocodolomia binotalis



CrylllA
Cydia spp.



CrylllA
Diparopsis castanea



CrylllA
Earias spp.



CrylllA
Ephestia spp.



CrylllA
Heliothis spp.



CrylllA
Hellula undalis



CrylllA
Keiferia lycopersicella



CrylllA
Leucoptera scitella



CrylllA
Lithocollethis spp.



CrylllA
Lobesia botrana



CrylllA
Ostrinia nubilalis



CrylllA
Pandemis spp.



CrylllA
Pectinophora gossyp.



CrylllA
Phyllocnistis citrella



CrylllA
Pieris spp.



CrylllA
Plutella xylostella



CrylllA
Scirpophaga spp.



CrylllA
Sesamia spp.



CrylllA
Sparganothis spp.



CrylllA
Spodoptera spp.



CrylllA
Tortrix spp.



CrylllA
Trichoplusia ni



CrylllA
Agriotes spp.



CrylllA
Anthonomus grandis



CrylllA
Curculio spp.



CrylllA
Diabrotica balteata



CrylllA
Leptinotarsa spp.



CrylllA
Lissorhoptrus spp.



CrylllA
Otiorhynchus spp.



CrylllA
Aleurothrixus spp.



CrylllA
Aleyrodes spp.



CrylllA
Aonidiella spp.



CrylllA
Aphididae spp.



CrylllA
Aphis spp.



CrylllA
Bemisia tabaci



CrylllA
Empoasca spp.



CrylllA
Mycus spp.



CrylllA
Nephotettix spp.



CrylllA
Nilaparvata spp.



CrylllA
Pseudococcus spp.



CrylllA
Psylla spp.



CrylllA
Quadraspidiotus spp.



CrylllA
Schizaphis spp.



CrylllA
Trialeurodes spp.



CrylllA
Lyriomyza spp.



CrylllA
Oscinella spp.



CrylllA
Phorbia spp.



CrylllA
Frankliniella spp.



CrylllA
Thrips spp.



CrylllA
Scirtothrips aurantii



CrylllA
Aceria spp.



CrylllA
Aculus spp.



CrylllA
Brevipalpus spp.



CrylllA
Panonychus spp.



CrylllA
Phyllocoptruta spp.



CrylllA
Tetranychus spp.



CrylllA
Heterodera spp.



CrylllA
Meloidogyne spp.



CrylllB2
Adoxophyes spp.



CrylllB2
Agrotis spp.



CrylllB2
Alabama argiilaceae



CrylllB2
Anticarsia gemmatalis



CrylllB2
Chilo spp.



CrylllB2
Clysia ambiguella



CrylllB2
Crocidolomia binotaiis



CrylllB2
Cydia spp.



CrylllB2
Diparopsis castanea



CrylllB2
Earias spp.



CrylllB2
Ephestia spp.



CrylllB2
Heliothis spp.



CrylllB2
Hellula undalis



CrylllB2
Keiferia lycopersicella



CrylllB2
Leucoptera sectelia



CrylllB2
Lithocollethis spp.



CrylllB2
Lobesia botrana



CrylllB2
Ostrinia nubilalis



CrylllB2
Pandemis spp.



CrylllB2
Pectinophora gossyp.



CrylllB2
Phyllocnistis citrella



CrylllB2
Pieris spp.



CrylllB2
Plutella xylostella



CrylllB2
Scirpophaga spp.



CrylllB2
Sesamia spp.



CrylllB2
Sparganothis spp.



CrylllB2
Spodoptera spp.



CrylllB2
Tortrix spp.



CrylllB2
Trichoplusia ni



CrylllB2
Agriotes spp.



CrylllB2
Anthonomus grandis



CrylllB2
Curculio spp.



CrylllB2
Diabrotica balteata



CrylllB2
Leptinotarsa spp.



CrylllB2
Lissorhoptrus spp.



CrylllB2
Otiorhynchus spp.



CrylllB2
Aleurothrixus spp.



CrylllB2
Aleyrodes spp.



CrylllB2
Aonidiella spp.



CrylllB2
Aphididae spp.



CrylllB2
Aphis spp.



CrylllB2
Bemisia tabaci



CrylllB2
Empoasca spp.



CrylllB2
Mycus spp.



CrylllB2
Nephotettix spp.



CrylllB2
Nilaparvata spp.



CrylllB2
Pseudococcus spp.



CrylllB2
Psylla spp.



CrylllB2
Quadraspidiotus spp.



CrylllB2
Schizaphis spp.



CrylllB2
Trialeurodes spp.



CrylllB2
Lyriornyza spp.



CrylllB2
Oscinella spp.



CrylllB2
Phorbia spp.



CrylllB2
Frankliniella spp.



CrylllB2
Thrips spp.



CrylllB2
Scirtothrips aurantii



CrylllB2
Aceria spp.



CrylllB2
Acutus spp.



CrylllB2
Brevipalpus spp.



CrylllB2
Panonychus spp.



CrylllB2
Phyllocoptruta spp.



CrylllB2
Tetranychus spp.



CrylllB2
Heterodera spp.



CrylllB2
Meloidogyne spp.



CytA
Adoxophyes spp.



CytA
Agrotis spp.



CytA
Alabama argiilaceae



CytA
Anticarsia gemmatalis



CytA
Chilo spp.



CytA
Clysia ambiguella



CytA
Crocidolomia binotaiis



CytA
Cydia spp.



CytA
Diparopsis castanea



CytA
Earias spp.



CytA
Ephestia spp.



CytA
Heliothis spp.



CytA
Hellula undalis



CytA
Keiferia lycopersicella



CytA
Leucoptera scitelia



CytA
Lithocollethis spp.



CytA
Lobesia botrana



CytA
Ostrinia nubilalis



CytA
Pandemis spp.



CytA
Pectinophora gossyp.



CytA
Phyllocnistis citrella



CytA
Pieris spp.



CytA
Plutella xylostella



CytA
Scirpophaga spp.



CytA
Sesamia spp.



CytA
Sparganothis spp.



CytA
Spodoptera spp.



CytA
Tortrix spp.



CytA
Trichoplusia ni



CytA
Agriotes spp.



CytA
Anthonomus grandis



CytA
Curculio spp.



CytA
Diabrotica balteata



CytA
Leptinotarsa spp.



CytA
Lissorhoptrus spp.



CytA
Otiorhynchus spp.



CytA
Aleurothrixus spp.



CytA
Aleyrodes spp.



CytA
Aonidielia spp.



CytA
Aphididae spp.



CytA
Aphis spp.



CytA
Bemisia tabaci



CytA
Empoasca spp.



CytA
Mycus spp.



CytA
Nephotettix spp.



CytA
Nilaparvata spp.



CytA
Pseudococcus spp.



CytA
Psylla spp.



CytA
Quadraspidiotus spp.



CytA
Schizaphis spp.



CytA
Trialeurodes spp.



CytA
Lyriomyza spp.



CytA
Oscinella spp.



CytA
Phorbia spp.



CytA
Frankliniella spp.



CytA
Thrips spp.



CytA
Scirtothrips aurantii



CytA
Aceria spp.



CytA
Acutus spp.



CytA
Brevipalpus spp.



CytA
Panonychus spp.



CytA
Phyllocoptruta spp.



CytA
Tetranychus spp.



CytA
Heterodera spp.



CytA
Meloidogyne spp.



VIP3
Adoxophyes spp.



VIP3
Agrotis spp.



VIP3
Alabama argillaceae



VIP3
Anticarsia gemmatalis



VIP3
Chilo spp.



VIP3
Clysia ambiguella



VIP3
Crocidolomia binotalis



VIP3
Cydia spp.



VIP3
Diparopsis castanea



VIP3
Earias spp.



VIP3
Ephestia spp.



VIP3
Heliothis spp.



VIP3
Hellula undalis



VIP3
Keiferia lycopersicella



VIP3
Leucoptera scitella



VIP3
Lithocollethis spp.



VIP3
Lobesia botrana



VIP3
Ostrinia nubilalis



VIP3
Pandemis spp.



VIP3
Pectinophora gossyp.



VIP3
Phyllocnistis citrella



VIP3
Pieris spp.



VIP3
Piutella xylostella



VIP3
Scirpophaga spp.



VIP3
Sesamia spp.



VIP3
Sparganothis spp.



VIP3
Spodoptera spp.



VIP3
Tortrix spp.



VIP3
Trichoplusia ni



VIP3
Agriotes spp.



VIP3
Anthonomus grandis



VIP3
Curculio spp.



VIP3
Diabrotica balteata



VIP3
Leptinotarsa spp.



VIP3
Lissorhoptrus spp.



VIP3
Otiorhynchus spp.



VIP3
Aleurothrixus spp.



VIP3
Aleyrodes spp.



VIP3
Aonidiella spp.



VIP3
Aphididae spp.



VIP3
Aphis spp.



VIP3
Bemisia tabaci



VIP3
Empoasca spp.



VIP3
Mycus spp.



VIP3
Nephotettix spp.



VIP3
Niiaparvata spp.



VIP3
Pseudococcus spp.



VIP3
Psylla spp.



VIP3
Quadraspidiotus spp.



VIP3
Schizaphis spp.



VIP3
Trialeurodes spp.



VIP3
Lyriomyza spp.



VIP3
Oscinella spp.



VIP3
Phorbia spp.



VIP3
Frankliniella spp.



VIP3
Thrips spp.



VIP3
Scirtothrips aurantii



VIP3
Aceria spp.



VIP3
Acutus spp.



VIP3
Brevipalpus spp.



VIP3
Panonychus spp.



VIP3
Phyllocoptruta spp.



VIP3
Tetranychus spp.



VIP3
Heterodera spp.



VIP3
Meloidogyne spp.



GL
Adoxophyes spp.



GL
Agrotis spp.



GL
Alabama argillaceae



GL
Anticarsia gemmatalis



GL
Chilo spp.



GL
Clysia ambiguella



GL
Crocidolomia binotaiis



GL
Cydia spp.



GL
Diparopsis castanea



GL
Earias spp.



GL
Ephestia spp.



GL
Heliothis spp.



GL
Hellula undalis



GL
Keiferia lycopersicella



GL
Leucoptera scitella



GL
Lithocollethis spp.



GL
Lobesia botrana



GL
Ostrinia nubilalis



GL
Pandemis spp.



GL
Pectinophora gossyp.



GL
Phyliocnistis citrella



GL
Pieris spp.



GL
Plutella xylostella



GL
Scirpophaga spp.



GL
Sesamia spp.



GL
Sparganothis spp.



GL
Spodoptera spp.



GL
Tortrix spp.



GL
Trichoplusia ni



GL
Agriotes spp.



GL
Anthonomus grandis



GL
Curculio spp.



GL
Diabrotica balteata



GL
Leptinotarsa spp.



GL
Lissorhoptrus spp.



GL
Otiorhynchus spp.



GL
Aleurothrixus spp.



GL
Aleyrodes spp.



GL
Aonidiella spp.



GL
Aphididae spp.



GL
Aphis spp.



GL
Bemisia tabaci



GL
Empoasca spp.



GL
Mycus spp.



GL
Nephotettix spp.



GL
Nilaparvata spp.



GL
Pseudococcus spp.



GL
Psylia spp.



GL
Quadraspidiotus spp.



GL
Schizaphis spp.



GL
Trialeurodes spp.



GL
Lyriomyza spp.



GL
Oscinella spp.



GL
Phorbia spp.



GL
Frankliniella spp.



GL
Thrips spp.



GL
Scirtothrips aurantii



GL
Aceria spp.



GL
Aculus spp.



GL
Brevipalpus spp.



GL
Panonychus spp.



GL
Phyliocoptruta spp.



GL
Tetranychus spp.



GL
Heterodera spp.



GL
Meioidogyne spp.



PL
Adoxophyesspp.



PL
Agrotis spp.



PL
Alabama argillaceae



PL
Anticarsia gemmatalis



PL
Chilo spp.



PL
Clysia ambiguella



PL
Crocidolomia binotalis



PL
Cydia spp.



PL
Diparopsis castanea



PL
Earias spp.



PL
Ephestia spp.



PL
Heliothis spp.



PL
Hellula undaiis



PL
Keiferia lycopersicella



PL
Leucoptera scitella



PL
Lithocollethis spp.



PL
Lobesia botrana



PL
Ostrinia nubilalis



PL
Pandemis spp.



PL
Pectinophora gossyp.



PL
Phyllocnistis citrella



PL
Pieris spp.



PL
Plutella xylostella



PL
Scirpophaga spp.



PL
Sesamia spp.



PL
Sparganothis spp.



PL
Spodoptera spp.



PL
Tortrix spp.



PL
Trichoplusia ni



PL
Agriotes spp.



PL
Anthonomus grandis



PL
Curculio spp.



PL
Diabrotica balteata



PL
Leptinotarsa spp.



PL
Lissorhoptrus spp.



PL
Otiorhynchus spp.



PL
Aleurothrixus spp.



PL
Aleyrodes spp.



PL
Aonidiella spp.



PL
Aphididae spp.



PL
Aphis spp.



PL
Bemisia tabaci



PL
Empoasca spp.



PL
Mycus spp.



PL
Nephotettix spp.



PL
Nilaparvata spp.



PL
Pseudococcus spp.



PL
Psylla spp.



PL
Quadraspidiotus spp.



PL
Schizaphis spp.



PL
Trialeurodes spp.



PL
Lyriomyza spp.



PL
Oscinella spp.



PL
Phorbia spp.



PL
Frankliniella spp.



PL
Thrips spp.



PL
Scirtothrips auranii



PL
Aceria spp.



PL
Aculus spp.



PL
Brevipalpus spp.



PL
Panonychus spp.



PL
Phyllocoptruta spp.



PL
Tetranychus spp.



PL
Heterodera spp.



PL
Meloidogyne spp.



XN
Adoxophyes spp.



XN
Agrotis spp.



XN
Alabama argiliaceae



XN
Anticarsia gemmatalis



XN
Chilo spp.



XN
Clysia ambiguella



XN
Crocidolomia binotalis



XN
Cydia spp.



XN
Diparopsis castanea



XN
Earias spp.



XN
Ephestia spp.



XN
Heliothis spp.



XN
Helluia undaiis



XN
Keiferia lycopersicella



XN
Leucoptera scitella



XN
Lithocollethis spp.



XN
Lobesia botrana



XN
Ostrinia nubilalis



XN
Pandemis spp.



XN
Pectinophora gossyp.



XN
Phyllocnistis citrella



XN
Pieris spp.



XN
Plutella xylostella



XN
Scirpophaga spp.



XN
Sesamia spp.



XN
Sparganothis spp.



XN
Spodoptera spp.



XN
Tortrix spp.



XN
Trichoplusia ni



XN
Agriotes spp.



XN
Anthonomus grandis



XN
Curculio spp.



XN
Diabrotica balteata



XN
Leptinotarsa spp.



XN
Lissorhoptrus spp.



XN
Otiorhynchus spp.



XN
Aleurothrixus spp.



XN
Aleyrodes spp.



XN
Aonidiella spp.



XN
Aphididae spp.



XN
Aphis spp.



XN
Bemisia tabaci



XN
Empoasca spp.



XN
Mycus spp.



XN
Nephotettix spp.



XN
Nilaparvata spp.



XN
Pseudococcus spp.



XN
Psylla spp.



XN
Quadraspidiotus spp.



XN
Schizaphis spp.



XN
Trialeurodes spp.



XN
Lyriomyza spp.



XN
Oscinella spp.



XN
Phorbia spp.



XN
Frankliniella spp.



XN
Thrips spp.



XN
Scirtothrips aurantii



XN
Aceria spp.



XN
Aculus spp.



XN
Brevipalpus spp.



XN
Panonychus spp.



XN
Phyllocoptruta spp.



XN
Tetranychus spp.



XN
Heterodera spp.



XN
Meloidogyne spp.



Plnh.
Adoxophyes spp.



Plnh.
Agrotis spp.



Plnh.
Alabama argiliaceae



Plnh.
Anticarsia gemmatalis



Plnh.
Chilo spp.



Plnh.
Clysia ambiguella



Plnh.
Crocidolomia binotalis



Plnh.
Cydia spp.



Plnh.
Diparopsis castanea



Plnh.
Earias spp.



Plnh.
Ephestia spp.



Plnh.
Heliothis spp.



Plnh.
Heliuia undalis



Plnh.
Keiferia lycopersicella



Plnh.
Leucoptera scitella



Plnh.
Lithocollethis spp.



Plnh.
Lobesia botrana



Plnh.
Ostrinia nubilalis



Plnh.
Pandemis spp.



Plnh.
Pectinophora gossyp.



Plnh.
Phyllocnistis citrelia



Plnh.
Pieris spp.



Plnh.
Plutella xylostella



Plnh.
Scirpophaga spp.



Plnh.
Sesamia spp.



Plnh.
Sparganothis spp.



Plnh.
Spodoptera spp.



Plnh.
Tortrix spp.



Plnh.
Trichoplusia ni



Plnh.
Agriotes spp.



Plnh.
Anthonomus grandis



Plnh.
Curculio spp.



Plnh.
Diabrotica balteata



Plnh.
Leptinotarsa spp.



Plnh.
Lissorhoptrus spp.



Plnh.
Otiorhynchus spp.



Plnh.
Aleurothrixus spp.



Plnh.
Aleyrodes spp.



Plnh.
Aonidiella spp.



Plnh.
Aphididae spp.



Plnh.
Aphis spp.



Plnh.
Bemisia tabaci



Plnh.
Empoasca spp.



Plnh.
Mycus spp.



Plnh.
Nephotettix spp.



Plnh.
Nilaparvata spp.



Plnh.
Pseudococcus spp.



Plnh.
Psylla spp.



Plnh.
Quadraspidiotus spp.



Plnh.
Schizaphis spp.



Plnh.
Trialeurodes spp.



Plnh.
Lyriomyza spp.



Plnh.
Oscinella spp.



Plnh.
Phorbia spp.



Plnh.
Frankliniella spp.



Plnh.
Thrips spp.



Plnh.
Scirtothrips aurantii



Plnh.
Aceria spp.



Plnh.
Acutus spp.



Plnh.
Brevipalpus spp.



Plnh.
Panonychus spp.



Plnh.
Phyllocoptruta spp.



Plnh.
Tetranychus spp.



Plnh.
Heterodera spp.



Plnh.
Meloidogyne spp.



PLec.
Adoxophyes spp.



PLec.
Agrotis spp.



PLec.
Alabama argillaceae



PLec.
Anticarsia gemmatalis



PLec.
Chilo spp.



PLec.
Clysia ambiguella



PLec.
Crocidolomia binotalis



PLec.
Cydia spp.



PLec.
Diparopsis castanea



PLec.
Earias spp.



PLec.
Ephestia spp.



PLec.
Heliothis spp.



PLec.
Hellula undalis



PLec.
Keiferia lycopersicella



PLec.
Leucoptera scitella



PLec.
Lithocollethis spp.



PLec.
Lobesia botrana



PLec.
Ostrinia nubilalis



PLec.
Pandemis spp.



PLec.
Pectinophora gossyp.



PLec.
Phyllocnistis citrella



PLec.
Pieris spp.



PLec.
Plutella xylostella



PLec.
Scirpophaga spp.



PLec.
Sesamia spp.



PLec.
Sparganothis spp.



PLec.
Spodoptera spp.



PLec.
Tortrix spp.



PLec.
Trichoplusia ni



PLec.
Agriotes spp.



PLec.
Anthonomus grandis



PLec.
Curculio spp.



PLec.
Diabrotica balteata



PLec.
Leptinotarsa spp.



PLec.
Lissorhoptrus spp.



PLec.
Otiorhynchus spp.



PLec.
Aleurothrixus spp.



PLec.
Aleyrodes spp.



PLec.
Aonidiella spp.



PLec.
Aphididae spp.



PLec.
Aphis spp.



PLec.
Bemisia tabaci



PLec.
Empoasca spp.



PLec.
Mycus spp.



PLec.
Nephotettix spp.



PLec.
Nilaparvata spp.



PLec.
Pseudococcus spp.



PLec.
Psylia spp.



PLec.
Quadraspidiotus spp.



PLec.
Schizaphis spp.



PLec.
Trialeurodes spp.



PLec.
Lyriomyza spp.



PLec.
Oscinella spp.



PLec.
Phorbia spp.



PLec.
Frankliniella spp.



PLec.
Thrips spp.



PLec.
Scirtothrips aurantii



PLec.
Aceria spp.



PLec.
Aculus spp.



PLec.
Brevipalpus spp.



PLec.
Panonychus spp.



PLec.
Phyllocoptruta spp.



PLec.
Tetranychus spp.



PLec.
Heterodera spp.



PLec.
Meloidogyne spp.



Aggl.
Adoxophyes spp.



Aggl.
Agrotis spp.



Aggl.
Alabama argillaceae



Aggl.
Anticarsia gemmatalis



Aggl.
Chilo spp.



Aggl.
Clysia ambiguella



Aggl.
Crocidolomia binotalis



Aggl.
Cydia spp.



Aggl.
Diparopsis castanea



Aggl.
Earias spp.



Aggl.
Ephestia spp.



Aggl.
Heliothis spp.



Aggl.
Hellula undalis



Aggl.
Keiferia lycopersicella



Aggl.
Leucoptera scitella



Aggl.
Lithocollethis spp.



Aggl.
Lobesia botrana



Aggl.
Ostrinia nubilalis



Aggl.
Pandemis spp.



Aggl.
Pectinophora gossyp.



Aggl.
Phyllocnistis citrella



Aggl.
Pieris spp.



Aggl.
Plutiia xylostella



Aggl.
Scirpophaga spp.



Aggl.
Sesamia spp.



Aggl.
Sparganothis spp.



Aggl.
Spodoptera spp.



Aggl.
Tortrix spp.



Aggl.
Trichoplusia ni



Aggl.
Agriotes spp.



Aggl.
Anthonomus grandis



Aggl.
Curculio spp.



Aggl.
Diabrotica balteata



Aggl.
Leptinotarsa spp.



Aggl.
Lissorhoptrus spp.



Aggl.
Otiorhynchus spp.



Aggl.
Aleurothrixus spp.



Aggl.
Aleyrodes spp.



Aggl.
Aonidiella spp.



Aggl.
Aphididae spp.



Aggl.
Aphis spp.



Aggl.
Bemisia tabaci



Aggl.
Empoasca spp.



Aggl.
Mycus spp.



Aggl.
Nephotettix spp.



Aggl.
Nilaparvata spp.



Aggl.
Pseudococcus spp.



Aggl.
Psylla spp.



Aggl.
Quadraspidiotus spp.



Aggl.
Schizaphis spp.



Aggl.
Trialeurodes spp.



Aggl.
Lyriomyza spp.



Aggl.
Oscinella spp.



Aggl.
Phorbia spp.



Aggl.
Frankliniella spp.



Aggl.
Thrips spp.



Aggl.
Scirtothrips aurantii



Aggl.
Aceria spp.



Aggl.
Aculus spp.



Aggl.
Brevipalpus spp.



Aggl.
Panonychus spp.



Aggl.
Phyllocoptruta spp



Aggl.
Tetranychus spp.



Aggl.
Heterodera spp.



Aggl.
Meloidogyne spp.



CO
Adoxophyes spp.



CO
Agrotis spp.



CO
Alabama argiliaceae



CO
Anticarsia gemmatalis



CO
Chilo spp.



CO
Ciysia ambiguella



CO
Crocidolomia binotalis



CO
Cydia spp.



CO
Diparopsis castanea



CO
Earias spp.



CO
Ephestia spp.



CO
Heliothis spp.



CO
Hellula undalis



CO
Keiferia lycopersicella



CO
Leucoptera scitella



CO
Lithocollethis spp.



CO
Lobesia botrana



CO
Ostrinia nubilalis



CO
Pandemis spp.



CO
Pectinophora gossyp.



CO
Phyllocnistis citrella



CO
Pieris spp.



CO
Plutella xylostella



CO
Scirpophaga spp.



CO
Sesamia spp.



CO
Sparganothis spp.



CO
Spodoptera spp.



CO
Tortrix spp.



CO
Trichoplusia ni



CO
Agriotes spp.



CO
Anthonomus grandis



CO
Curculio spp.



CO
Diabrotica balteata



CO
Leptinotarsa spp.



CO
Lissorhoptrus spp.



CO
Otiorhynchus spp.



CO
Aleurothrixus spp.



CO
Aleyrodes spp.



CO
Aonidielia spp.



CO
Aphididae spp.



CO
Aphis spp.



CO
Bemisia tabaci



CO
Empoasca spp.



CO
Mycus spp.



CO
Nephotettix spp.



CO
Nilaparvata spp.



CO
Pseudococcus spp.



CO
Psylla spp.



CO
Quadraspidiotus spp.



CO
Schizaphis spp.



CO
Trialeurodes spp.



CO
Lyriomyza spp.



CO
Oscinella spp.



CO
Phorbia spp.



CO
Frankliniella spp.



CO
Thrips spp.



CO
Scirtothrips aurantii



CO
Aceria spp.



CO
Acutus spp.



CO
Brevipalpus spp.



CO
Panonychus spp.



CO
Phyllocoptruta spp.



CO
Tetranychus spp.



CO
Heterodera spp.



CO
Meloidogyne spp.



CH
Adoxophyes spp.



CH
Agrotis spp.



CH
Alabama argillaceae



CH
Anticarsia gemmatalis



CH
Chilo spp.



CH
Clysia ambiguella



CH
Crocidolomia binotalis



CH
Cydia spp.



CH
Diparopsis castanea



CH
Earias spp.



CH
Ephestia spp.



CH
Heliothis spp.



CH
Hellula undalis



CH
Keiferia lycopersicella



CH
Leucoptera scitella



CH
Lithocollethis spp.



CH
Lobesia botrana



CH
Ostrinia nubilalis



CH
Pandemis spp.



CH
Pectinophora gossyp.



CH
Phyllocnistis citrella



CH
Pieris spp.



CH
Plutella xylostella



CH
Scirpophaga spp.



CH
Sesamia spp.



CH
Sparganothis spp.



CH
Spodoptera spp.



CH
Tortrix spp.



CH
Trichoplusia ni



CH
Agriotes spp.



CH
Anthonomus




grandis



CH
Curculio spp.



CH
Diabrotica balteata



CH
Leptinotarsa spp.



CH
Lissorhoptrus spp.



CH
Otiorhynohus spp.



CH
Aleurothrixus spp.



CH
Aleyrodes spp.



CH
Aonidiella spp.



CH
Aphididae spp.



CH
Aphis spp.



CH
Bemisia tabaci



CH
Empoasca spp.



CH
Mycus spp.



CH
Nephotettix spp.



CH
Nilaparvata spp.



CH
Pseudococcus spp.



CH
Psylla spp.



CH
Quadraspidiotus spp.



CH
Schizaphis spp.



CH
Trialeurodes spp.



CH
Lyriomyza spp.



CH
Oscinella spp.



CH
Phorbia spp.



CH
Frankliniella spp.



CH
Thrips spp.



CH
Scirtothrips aurantii



CH
Aceria spp.



CH
Aculus spp.



CH
Brevipalpus spp.



CH
Panonychus spp.



CH
Phyllocoptruta spp.



CH
Tetranychus spp.



CH
Heterodera spp.



CH
Meloidogyne spp.



SS
Adoxophyes spp.



SS
Agrotis spp.



SS
Alabama argillaceae



SS
Anticarsia gemmatalis



SS
Chilo spp.



SS
Clysia ambiguella



SS
Crocidolomia binotalis



SS
Cydia spp.



SS
Diparopsis castanea



SS
Earias spp.



SS
Ephestia spp.



SS
Heliothis spp.



SS
Hellula undalis



SS
Keiferia lycopersicella



SS
Leucoptera scitella



SS
Lithocollethis spp.



SS
Lobesia botrana



SS
Ostrinia nubilalis



SS
Pandemis spp.



SS
Pectinophora gossyp.



SS
Phyllocnistis citrella



SS
Pieris spp.



SS
Plutella xylostella



SS
Scirpophaga spp.



SS
Sesamia spp.



SS
Sparganothis spp.



SS
Spodoptera spp.



SS
Tortrix spp.



SS
Trichopiusia ni



SS
Agriotes spp.



SS
Anthonomus grandis



SS
Curculio spp.



SS
Diabrotica balteata



SS
Leptinotarsa spp.



SS
Lissorhoptrus spp.



SS
Otiorhynchus spp.



SS
Aleurothrixus spp.



SS
Aleyrodes spp.



SS
Aonidielia spp.



SS
Aphididae spp.



SS
Aphis spp.



SS
Bemisia tabaci



SS
Empoasca spp.



SS
Mycus spp.



SS
Nephotettix spp.



SS
Nilaparvata spp.



SS
Pseudococcus spp.



SS
Psylla spp.



SS
Quadraspidiotus spp.



SS
Schizaphis spp.



SS
Trialeurodes spp.



SS
Lyriomyza spp.



SS
Oscinella spp.



SS
Phorbia spp.



SS
Frankliniella spp.



SS
Thrips spp.



SS
Scirtothrips aurantii



SS
Aceria spp.



SS
Aculus spp.



SS
Brevipalpus spp.



SS
Panonychus spp.



SS
Phyllocoptruta spp.



SS
Tetranychus spp.



SS
Heterodera spp.



SS
Meloidogyne spp.



HO
Adoxophyes spp.



HO
Agrotis spp.



HO
Alabama argillaceae



HO
Anticarsia gemmatalis



HO
Chilo spp.



HO
Clysia ambiguella



HO
Crocidolomia binotalis



HO
Cydia spp.



HO
Diparopsis castanea



HO
Earias spp.



HO
Ephestia spp.



HO
Heliothis spp.



HO
Hellula undalis



HO
Keiferia lycopersicella



HO
Leucoptera scitella



HO
Lithocollethis spp.



HO
Lobesia botrana



HO
Ostrinia nubilalis



HO
Pandemis spp.



HO
Pectinophora gossypiella



HO
Phyllocnistis citrella



HO
Pieris spp.



HO
Plutella xylostella



HO
Scirpophaga spp.



HO
Sesamia spp.



HO
Sparganothis spp.



HO
Spodoptera spp.



HO
Tortrix spp.



HO
Trichoplusia ni



HO
Agriotes spp.



HO
Anthonomus grandis



HO
Curculio spp.



HO
Diabrotica balteata



HO
Leptinotarsa spp.



HO
Lissorhoptrus spp.



HO
Otiorhynchus spp.



HO
Aleurothrixus spp.



HO
Aleyrodes spp.



HO
Aonidiella spp.



HO
Aphididae spp.



HO
Aphis spp.



HO
Bemisia tabaci



HO
Empoasca spp.



HO
Mycus spp.



HO
Nephotettix spp.



HO
Nilaparvata spp.



HO
Pseudococcus spp.



HO
Psylla spp.



HO
Quadraspidiotus spp.



HO
Schizaphis spp.



HO
Trialeurodes spp.



HO
Lyriomyza spp.



HO
Oscinella spp.



HO
Phorbia spp.



HO
Frankliniella spp.



HO
Thrips spp.



HO
Scirtothrips aurantii



HO
Aceria spp.



HO
Acutus spp.



HO
Brevipalpus spp.



HO
Panonychus spp.



HO
Phyllocoptruta spp.



HO
Tetranychus spp.



HO
Heterodera spp.



HO
Meloidogyne spp.





In the table, the following abbreviations were used:


active principle of the transgenic plant: AP


Photorhabdus luminescens: PL


Xenorhabdus nematophilus: XN


proteinase inhibitors: Plnh.


plant lectins PLec.


agglutinines: Aggl.


3-hydroxysteroid oxidase: HO


cholesterol oxidase: CO


chitinase: CH


glucanase: GL


stilbene synthase: SS















TABLE 3





Principle
Tolerance to
Plant







ALS
sulphonylurea compounds etc.***
cotton


ALS
sulphonylurea compounds etc.***
rice


ALS
sulphonylurea compounds etc.***
Brassica


ALS
sulphonylurea compounds etc.***
potatoes


ALS
sulphonylurea compounds etc.***
tomatoes


ALS
sulphonylurea compounds etc.***
pumpkin


ALS
sulphonylurea compounds etc.***
soya beans


ALS
sulphonylurea compounds etc.***
maize


ALS
sulphonylurea compounds etc.***
wheat


ALS
sulphonylurea compounds etc.***
pome fruit


ALS
sulphonylurea compounds etc.***
stone fruit


ALS
sulphonylurea compounds etc.***
citrus fruit


ACCase
+++
cotton


ACCase
+++
rice


ACCase
+++
Brassica


ACCase
+++
potato


ACCase
+++
tomatoes


ACCase
+++
pumpkin


ACCase
+++
soya beans


ACCase
+++
maize


ACCase
+++
wheat


ACCase
+++
pome fruit


ACCase
+++
stone fruit


ACCase
+++
citrus fruit


HPPD
isoxaflutole, isoxachlortole, sulcotrione,
cotton



mesotrione



HPPD
isoxaflutole, isoxachlortole, sulcotrione,
rice



mesotrione



HPPD
isoxaflutole, isoxachlortole, sulcotrione,
Brassica



mesotrione



HPPD
isoxaflutole, isoxachlortole, sulcotrione,
potatoes



mesotrione



HPPD
isoxaflutole, isoxachlortole, sulcotrione,
tomatoes



mesotrione



HPPD
isoxaflutole, isoxachlortole, sulcotrione,
pumpkin



mesotrione



HPPD
isoxaflutole, isoxachlortole, sulcotrione,
soya beans



mesotrione



HPPD
isoxaflutole, isoxachlortole, sulcotrione,
maize



mesotrione



HPPD
isoxaflutole, isoxachlortole, sulcotrione,
wheat



mesotrione



HPPD
isoxaflutole, isoxachlortole, sulcotrione,
pome fruit



mesotrione



HPPD
isoxaflutole, isoxachlortole, sulcotrione,
stone fruit



mesotrione



HPPD
isoxaflutole, isoxachlortole, sulcotrione,
citrus fruit



mesotrione



nitrilase
bromoxynil, loxynil
cotton


nitrilase
bromoxynil, loxynil
rice


nitrilase
bromoxynil, loxynil
Brassica


nitrilase
bromoxynil, loxynil
potatoes


nitrilase
bromoxynil, loxynil
tomatoes


nitrilase
bromoxynil, loxynil
pumpkin


nitrilase
bromoxynil, loxynil
soya beans


nitrilase
bromoxynil, loxynil
maize


nitrilase
bromoxynil, loxynil
wheat


nitrilase
bromoxynil, loxynil
pome fruit


nitrilase
bromoxynil, loxynil
stone fruit


nitrilase
bromoxynil, loxynil
citrus fruit


IPS
chloroactanilides&&&
cotton


IPS
chloroactanilides&&&
rice


IPS
chloroactanilides&&&
Brassica


IPS
chloroactanilides&&&
potatoes


IPS
chloroactanilides&&&
tomatoes


IPS
chloroactanilides&&&
pumpkin


IPS
chloroactanilides&&&
soya beans


IPS
chloroactanilides&&&
maize


IPS
chloroactanilides&&&
wheat


IPS
chloroactanilides&&&
pome fruit


IPS
chloroactanilides&&&
stone fruit


IPS
chloroactanilides&&&
citrus fruit


HOM
2,4-D, mecoprop-P
cotton


HOM
2,4-D, mecoprop-P
rice


HOM
2,4-D, mecoprop-P
Brassica


HOM
2,4-D, mecoprop-P
potatoes


HOM
2,4-D, mecoprop-P
tomatoes


HOM
2,4-D, mecoprop-P
pumpkin


HOM
2,4-D, mecoprop-P
soya beans


HOM
2,4-D, mecoprop-P
maize


HOM
2,4-D, mecoprop-P
wheat


HOM
2,4-D, mecoprop-P
pome fruit


HOM
2,4-D, mecoprop-P
stone fruit


HOM
2,4-D, mecoprop-P
citrus fruit


PROTOX
Protox inhibitors///
cotton


PROTOX
Protox inhibitors///
rice


PROTOX
Protox inhibitors///
Brassica


PROTOX
Protox inhibitors///
potatoes


PROTOX
Protox inhibitors///
tomatoes


PROTOX
Protox inhibitors///
pumpkin


PROTOX
Protox inhibitors///
soya beans


PROTOX
Protox inhibitors///
maize


PROTOX
Protox inhibitors///
wheat


PROTOX
Protox inhibitors///
pome fruit


PROTOX
Protox inhibitors///
stone fruit


PROTOX
Protox inhibitors///
citrus fruit


EPSPS
glyphosate and/or sulphosate
cotton


EPSPS
glyphosate and/or sulphosate
rice


EPSPS
glyphosate and/or sulphosate
Brassica


EPSPS
glyphosate and/or sulphosate
potatoes


EPSPS
glyphosate and/or sulphosate
tomatoes


EPSPS
glyphosate and/or sulphosate
pumpkin


EPSPS
glyphosate and/or sulphosate
soya beans


EPSPS
glyphosate and/or sulphosate
maize


EPSPS
glyphosate and/or sulphosate
wheat


EPSPS
glyphosate and/or sulphosate
pome fruit


EPSPS
glyphosate and/or sulphosate
stone fruit


EPSPS
glyphosate and/or sulphosate
citrus fruit


GS
gluphosinate and/or bialaphos
cotton


GS
gluphosinate and/or bialaphos
rice


GS
gluphosinate and/or bialaphos
Brassica


GS
gluphosinate and/or bialaphos
potatoes


GS
gluphosinate and/or bialaphos
tomatoes


GS
gluphosinate and/or bialaphos
pumpkin


GS
gluphosinate and/or bialaphos
soya beans


GS
gluphosinate and/or bialaphos
maize


GS
gluphosinate and/or bialaphos
wheat


GS
gluphosinate and/or bialaphos
pome fruit


GS
gluphosinate and/or bialaphos
stone fruit


GS
gluphosinate and/or bialaphos
citrus fruit





Abbreviations:


acetyl-CoA carboxylase: ACCase


acetolactate synthase: ALS


hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase: HPPD


inhibition of protein synthesis: IPS


hormone imitation: HO


glutamine synthetase: GS


protoporphyrinogen oxidase: PROTOX


5-enolpyruvyl-3-phosphoshikimate synthase: EPSPS


***included are sulphonylurea compounds, imidazolinones, triazolopyrimidines, dimethoxypyrimidines and N-acylsulphonamides: sulphonylurea compounds such as chlorsulfuron, chlorimuron, ethamethsulfuron, metsulfuron, primisulfuron, prosulfuron, triasulfuron, cinosulfuron, trifusulfuron, oxasulfuron, bensulfuron, tribenuron, ACC 322140, fluzasulfuron, ethoxysulfuron, fluzadsulfuron, nicosulfuron, rimsulfuron, thifensulfuron, pyrazosulfuron, clopyrasulfuron, NC 330, azimsulfuron, imazosulfuron, sulfosulfuron, amidosulfuron, flupyrsulfuron, CGA 362622


imidazolinones such as imazamethabenz, imazaquin, imazamethypyr, imazethapyr, imazapyr and imazamox;


triazolopyrimidines such as DE 511, flumetsulam and chloransulam;


dimethoxypyrimidines such as, for example, pyrithiobac, pyriminobac, bispyribac and pyribenzoxim.


+++Tolerance to diclofop-methyl, fluazifop-P-butyl, haloxyfop-P-methyl, haloxyfop-P-ethyl, quizalafop-P-ethyl, clodinafop-propargyl, fenoxaprop-ethyl, tepraloxydim, alloxydim, sethoxydim, cycloxydim, cloproxydim, tralkoxydim, butoxydim, caloxydim, clefoxydim, clethodim.


&&&chloroacetanilides such as, for example, alachlor, acetochlor, dimethenamid


///Protox inhibitors: for example diphenyl ethers such as, for example, acifluorfen, aclonifen, bifenox, chlornitrofen, ethoxyfen, fluoroglycofen, fomesafen, lactofen, oxyfluorfen; imides such as, for example, azafenidin, carfentrazone-ethyl, cinidon-ethyl, flumiclorac-pentyl, flumioxazin, fluthiacet-methyl, oxadiargyl, oxadiazon, pentoxazone, sulfentrazone, imides and other compounds such as, for example, flumipropyn, flupropacil, nipyraclofen and thidiazimin; and also fluazola and pyraflufen-ethyl.













TABLE 4







List of examples of genetically modified plants having modified properties








Genetically modified plants
Genetically modified properties





Dianthus caryophyllus (carnation)
Longer-lasting as a result of reduced


line 66
ethylene accumulation owing to the


[Florigene Pty. Ltd.]
expression of ACC synthase; tolerant



to sulphonylurea herbicides


Dianthus caryophyllus (carnation)
Modified flower colour; tolerant to


lines 4, 11, 15, 16
sulphonyl-urea herbicides


[Florigene Pty. Ltd.]



Dianthus caryophyllus (carnation)
Modified flower colour; tolerant to


lines 959A, 988A, 1226A, 1351A,
sulphonyl-urea herbicides


1363A, 1400A



[Florigene Pty. Ltd.]



Brassica napus (Argentine oilseed
Modified fatty acid content in the seeds


rape) lines 23-18-17, 23-198



[Monsanto Company]



Zea mays L. (maize)
Elevated lysine content


lines REN-ØØØ38-3 (LY038)



[Monsanto Company]



Zea mays L. (maize)
Elevated lysine content, corn borer


lines REN-ØØØ38-3, MON-
resistant


ØØ81Ø-6



(MON-ØØ81Ø-6 × LY038)



[Monsanto Company]



Cucumis melo (melon)
Delayed maturity as a result of the


lines A, B
expression of S-adenosylmethionine


[Agritope Inc.]
hydrolase


Carica papaya (papaya)
Resistant to the papaya ring spot virus


lines 55-1/63-1
(PRSV)


[Cornell University]



Solanum tuberosum L. (potato)
Resistant to the Colorado beetle and


lines RBMT21-129, RBMT21-350,
the potato leaf roll virus (PLRV)


RBMT22-082



[Monsanto Company]



Solanum tuberosum L. (potato)
Resistant to the Colorado beetle and


lines RBMT15-101, SEMT15-02,
the potato virus Y (PVY)


SEMT15-15



[Monsanto Company]



Glycine max L. (soya bean)
Modified fatty acid content in the


lines DD-Ø26ØØ5-3 (G94-1, G94-
seeds, in particular elevated oleic acid


19, G168
content


[DuPont Canada Agricultural



Products]



Glycine max L. (soya bean)
Modified fatty acid content in the


lines OT96-15
seeds, in particular reduced linolenic


[Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada]
acid content


Cucurbita pepo (pumpkin)
Resistant to viral infections,


line ZW20
watermelon mosaic virus (WMV) 2


[Upjohn (USA); Seminis Vegetable
and zucchini yellow mosaic virus


Inc. (Canada)]
(ZYMV)


Cucurbita pepo (pumpkin)
Resistance to viral infections,


line CZW-3
cucumber mosaic virus (CMV),


[Asgrow (USA); Seminis Vegetable
watermelon mosaic virus (WMV) 2


Inc. (Canada)]
and zucchini yellow mosaic virus



(ZYMV) 


Nicotiana tabacum L. (tobacco)
Reduced nicotine content


line Vector 21-41



[Vector Tobacco]



Lycopersicon esculentum (tomato)
Longer lasting as a result of reduced


line 1345-4
ethylene accumulation owing to the


[DNA Plant Technology]
expression of ACC synthase


Lycopersicon esculentum (tomato)
Delayed maturity as a result of the


line 35 1 N
expression of S-adenosylmethionine


[Agritope Inc.]
hydrolase


Lycopersicon esculentum (tomato)
Delayed maturity as a result of the


line CGN-89322-3 (8338)
expression of ACCd


[Monsanto Company]



Lycopersicon esculentum (tomato)
Delayed softening as a result of a


lines B, Da, F
reduced expression of


[Zeneca Seeds]
polygalacturonase


Lycopersicon esculentum (tomato)
Delayed softening as a result of a


line CGN-89564-2 (FLAVR SAVR)
reduced expression of


[Calgene Inc.]
polygalacturonase


cotton
Early maturation, stacked gene variety


Line DP444 BG/RR
with Lepidoptera resistance as a result


[Delta and Pine Land Co.]
of cloning the genes for Cry1Ac toxin



formation (Bollgard) and glyphosate



resistance (Roundup Ready)


maize
Resistance to the European corn borer


VSN-BT (MON 810)



maize
Resistance to beetles such as the


HCL201CRW2RR2 × LH324
Western corn rootworm and glyphosate



resistance (Roundup Ready)





















TABLE 5





No.
Line/trait
Trade name
Plant
Company
Genetically modified properties







B-1
ASR368

Agrostis stolonifera
Scotts Seeds
Glyphosate tolerance derived by inserting





Creeping

a modified 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-





Bentgrass

phosphate synthase (EPSPS) encoding gene







from Agrobacterium tumefaciens.


B-2
H7-1
Roundup
Beta vulgaris
Monsanto
Glyphosate herbicide tolerant sugar beet




Ready Sugar
(Sugar Beet)
Company
produced by inserting a gene encoding




Beet


the enzyme 5-enolypyruvylshikimate-3-







phosphate synthase (EPSPS) from the







CP4 strain of Agrobacterium tumefaciens.


B-3
T120-7

Beta vulgaris
Bayer
Introduction of the PPT-





(Sugar Beet)
CropScience
acetyltransferase (PAT) encoding gene






(Aventis
from Streptomyces viridochromogenes,






CropScience
an aerobic soil bacteria. PPT normally






(AgrEvo))
acts to inhibit glutamine synthetase,







causing a fatal accumulation of







ammonia. Acetylated PPT is inactive.


B-4
GTSB77

Beta vulgaris
Novartis
Glyphosate herbicide tolerant sugar beet





(Sugar Beet)
Seeds;
produced by inserting a gene encoding






Monsanto
the enzyme 5-enolypyruvylshikimate-3-






Company
phosphate synthase (EPSPS) from the







CP4 strain of Agrobacterium tumefaciens.


B-5
23-18-17,

Brassica
Monsanto
High laurate (12:0) and myristate (14:0)



23-198

napus (Argentine
Company
canola produced by inserting a





Canola)
(formerly
thioesterase encoding gene from the






Calgene)
California bay laurel (Umbellularia







californica).


B-6
45A37,

Brassica
Pioneer Hi-
High oleic acid and low linolenic acid



46A40

napus (Argentine
Bred
canola produced through a combination





Canola)
International
of chemical mutagenesis to select for a






Inc.
fatty acid desaturase mutant with







elevated oleic acid, and traditional back-







crossing to introduce the low linolenic







acid trait.


B-7
46A12,

Brassica
Pioneer Hi-
Combination of chemical mutagenesis,



46A16

napus (Argentine
Bred
to achieve the high oleic acid trait, and





Canola)
International
traditional breeding with registered






Inc.
canola varieties.


B-8
GT200

Brassica
Monsanto
Glyphosate herbicide tolerant canola





napus (Argentine
Company
produced by inserting genes encoding





Canola)

the enzymes 5-enolypyruvylshikimate-







3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) from the







CP4 strain of Agrobacterium







tumefaciens and glyphosate oxidase







from Ochrobactrum anthropi.


B-9
GT73, RT73
Roundup
Brassica
Monsanto
Glyphosate herbicide tolerant canola




Ready  TM
napus (Argentine
Company
produced by inserting genes encoding




canola
Canola)

the enzymes 5-enolypyruvylshikimate-







3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) from the







CP4 strain of Agrobacterium







tumefaciens and glyphosate oxidase







from Ochrobactrum anthropi.


B-10
HCN10

Brassica
Aventis
Introduction of the PPT-





napus (Argentine
CropScience
acetyltransferase (PAT) encoding gene





Canola)

from Streptomyces viridochromogenes,







an aerobic soil bacteria. PPT normally







acts to inhibit glutamine synthetase,







causing a fatal accumulation of







ammonia. Acetylated PPT is inactive.


B-11
Topas 19/2
InVigor ®
Brassica
Bayer
Introduction of the PPT-



(HCN92)
Canola
napus (Argentine
CropScience
acetyltransferase (PAT) encoding gene





Canola)
(Aventis
from Streptomyces viridochromogenes,






CropScience
an aerobic soil bacteria. PPT normally






(AgrEvo))
acts to inhibit glutamine synthetase,







causing a fatal accumulation of







ammonia. Acetylated PPT is inactive.


B-12
MS1, RF1

Brassica
Aventis
Male-sterility, fertility restoration,



=>PGS1

napus (Argentine
CropScience
pollination control system displaying





Canola)
(formerly
glufosinate herbicide tolerance. MS






Plant Genetic
lines contained the barnase gene from






Systems)
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, RF lines







contained the barstar gene from the







same bacteria, and both lines contained







the phosphinothricin N-acetyltransferase







(PAT) encoding gene from







Streptomyces hygroscopicus.


B-13
MS1, RF2

Brassica
Aventis
Male-sterility, fertility restoration,



=>PGS2

napus (Argentine
CropScience
pollination control system displaying





Canola)
(formerly
glufosinate herbicide tolerance. MS






Plant Genetic
lines contained the barnase gene from






Systems)
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, RF lines







contained the barstar gene from the







same bacteria, and both lines contained







the phosphinothricin N-acetyltransferase







(PAT) encoding gene from







Streptomyces hygroscopicus.


B-14
MS8 × RF3
InVigor ®
Brassica
Bayer
Male-sterility, fertility restoration,




Canola
napus (Argentine
CropScience
pollination control system displaying





Canola)
(Aventis
glufosinate herbicide tolerance. MS






CropScience
lines contained the barnase gene from






(AgrEvo))
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, RF lines







contained the barstar gene from the







same bacteria, and both lines contained







the phosphinothricin N-acetyltransferase







(PAT) encoding gene from







Streptomyces hygroscopicus.


B-15
NS738,

Brassica
Pioneer Hi-
Selection of somaclonal variants with



NS1471,

napus (Argentine
Bred
altered acetolactate synthase (ALS)



NS1473

Canola)
International
enzymes, following chemical mutagenesis.






Inc.
Two lines (P1, P2) were initially selected







with modifications at different unlinked







loci. NS738 contains the P2 mutation only.


B-16
OXY-235

Brassica
Aventis
Tolerance to the herbicides bromoxynil





napus (Argentine
CropScience
and ioxynil by incorporation of the





Canola)
(formerly
nitrilase gene (oxy) from Klebsiella






Rhone Poulenc
pneumoniae.






Inc.)



B-17
MS8
InVigor ®
Brassica napus
Bayer
Traits: Glufosinate tolerance, Male




Canola
(Argentine Canola)
CropScience
sterility Genes: bar, barnase


B-18
PHY14,

Brassica
Aventis
Male sterility was via insertion of the



PHY35

napus (Argentine
CropScience
barnase ribonuclease gene from Bacillus





Canola)
(formerly
amyloliquefaciens; fertility restoration






Plant Genetic
by insertion of the barstar RNase






Systems)
inhibitor; PPT resistance was via PPT-







acetyltransferase (PAT) from







Streptomyces hygroscopicus.


B-19
PHY36

Brassica
Aventis
Male sterility was via insertion of the





napus (Argentine
CropScience
barnase ribonuclease gene from Bacillus





Canola)
(formerly
amyloliquefaciens; fertility restoration






Plant Genetic
by insertion of the barstar RNase






Systems)
inhibitor; PPT resistance was via PPT-







acetyltransferase (PAT) from







Streptomyces hygroscopicus.


B-20
RF1, (B93-101)
InVigor ®
Brassica
Bayer
Genes: bar, barstar, neomycin




Canola
napus (Argentine
CropScience
phosphotransferase II (npt II); Traits:





Canola)

Fertility restoration, Glufosinate







tolerance, Kanamycin resistance


B-21
RF2, (B94-101)

Brassica
Bayer
Genes: bar, barstar, neomycin





napus (Argentine
CropScience
phosphotransferase II (npt II); Traits:





Canola)

Fertility restoration, Glufosinate







tolerance, Kanamycin resistance


B-22
RF3, ACS-
InVigor ®
Brassica napus
Bayer
Traits: Fertility restoration, Glufosinate



BNØØ3-6
Canola
(Argentine Canola)
CropScience
tolerance; Genes bar, barstar


B-23
MS1 (B91-4)
InVigor ®
Brassica
Bayer
Traits: Glufosinate tolerance, Kanamycin




Canola
napus (Argentine
CropScience
resistance, Male sterility; Genes:





Canola)

bar, barnase, neomycin







phosphotransferase II (npt II)


B-24
T45
InVigor ®
Brassica
Bayer
Introduction of the PPT-



(HCN28)
Canola
napus (Argentine
CropScience
acetyltransferase (PAT) encoding gene





Canola)
(Aventis
from Streptomyces viridochromogenes,






CropScience
an aerobic soil bacteria. PPT normally






(AgrEvo))
acts to inhibit glutamine synthetase,







causing a fatal accumulation of







ammonia. Acetylated PPT is inactive.


B-25
HCR-1

Brassica
Bayer
Introduction of the glufosinate





rapa (Polish
CropScience
ammonium herbicide tolerance trait





Canola)
(Aventis
from transgenic B. napus line T45. This






CropScience
trait is mediated by the phosphinothricin






(AgrEvo))
acetyltransferase (PAT) encoding gene







from S. viridochromogenes.


B-26
ZSR500/502

Brassica
Monsanto
Introduction of a modified 5-enol-





rapa (Polish
Company
pyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase





Canola)

(EPSPS) and a gene from Achromobacter







sp that degrades glyphosate by conversion







to aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA)







and glyoxylate by interspecific crossing







with GT73.


B-27
55-1/63-1

Carica
Cornell
Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) resistant





papaya (Papaya)
University
papaya produced by inserting the coat







protein (CP) encoding sequences from







this plant potyvirus.


B-28
RM3-3,

Cichorium
Bejo Zaden
Male sterility was via insertion of the



RM3-4,

intybus (Chicory)
BV
barnase ribonuclease gene from Bacillus



RM3-6



amyloliquefaciens; PPT resistance was







via the bar gene from S. hygroscopicus,







which encodes the PAT enzyme.


B-29
A, B

Cucumis
Agritope Inc.
Reduced accumulation of S-





melo (Melon)

adenosylmethionine (SAM), and







consequently reduced ethylene







synthesis, by introduction of the gene







encoding S-adenosylmethionine hydrolase.


B-30
CZW-3

Cucurbita
Asgrow
Cucumber mosiac virus (CMV),





pepo (Squash)
(USA);
zucchini yellows mosaic (ZYMV) and






Seminis
watermelon mosaic virus (WMV) 2






Vegetable Inc.
resistant squash (Curcurbita pepo)






(Canada)
produced by inserting the coat protein







(CP) encoding sequences from each of







these plant viruses into the host genome.


B-31
ZW20

Cucurbita
Upjohn
Zucchini yellows mosaic (ZYMV) and





pepo (Squash)
(USA);
watermelon mosaic virus (WMV) 2






Seminis
resistant squash (Curcurbita pepo)






Vegetable Inc.
produced by inserting the coat protein (CP)






(Canada)
encoding sequences from each of these







plant potyviruses into the host genome.


B-32
66

Dianthus
Florigene Pty
Delayed senescence and sulfonylurea





caryophyllus
Ltd.
herbicide tolerant carnations produced





(Carnation)

by inserting a truncated copy of the







carnation aminocyclopropane cyclase







(ACC) synthase encoding gene in order







to suppress expression of the







endogenous unmodified gene, which is







required for normal ethylene biosynthesis.







Tolerance to sulfonyl urea herbicides was







via the introduction of a chlorsulfuron







tolerant version of the acetolactate synthase







(ALS) encoding gene from tobacco.


B-33
4, 11, 15, 16

Dianthus
Florigene Pty
Modified colour and sulfonylurea





caryophyllus
Ltd.
herbicide tolerant carnations produced





(Carnation)

by inserting two anthocyanin biosynthetic







genes whose expression results in a







violet/mauve colouration. Tolerance to







sulfonyl urea herbicides was via the







introduction of a chlorsulfuron tolerant







version of the acetolactate synthase







(ALS) encoding gene from tobacco.


B-34
11363
Moonshadow
Dianthus
Florigene Pty
Traits: Coloration; Genes





caryophyllus
Ltd.
als, dihydroflavonol reductase





(Carnation)

(dfr), flavonoid 3′,5′hydroxylase (F3′5′H)


B-35
959A, 988A,

Dianthus
Florigene Pty
Introduction of two anthocyanin



1226A,

caryophyllus
Ltd.
biosynthetic genes to result in a



1351A,

(Carnation)

violet/mauve colouration; Introduction



1363A, 1400A



of a variant form of acetolactate







synthase (ALS).


B-36
123.2.
Moonshade
Dianthus
Florigene Pty
Traits: Coloration; Genes



(40619)

caryophyllus
Ltd.
als, dihydroflavonol reductase





(Carnation)

(dfr), flavonoid 3′,5′hydroxylase (F3′5′H)


B-37
123.8.8
Moonvista
Dianthus
Florigene Pty




(40685)

caryophyllus
Ltd.






(Carnation)




B-38
11 (7442)
Moondust
Dianthus
Florigene Pty






caryophyllus
Ltd.






(Carnation)




B-39
A2704-12,

Glycine max
Aventis
Glufosinate ammonium herbicide



A2704-21,

L. (Soybean)
CropScience
tolerant soybean produced by inserting a



A5547-35



modified phosphinothricin







acetyltransferase (PAT) encoding gene







from the soil bacterium Streptomyces







viridochromogenes.


B-40
A5547-127
LibertyLink ®
Glycine max
Bayer
Glufosinate ammonium herbicide




Soybean
L. (Soybean)
CropScience
tolerant soybean produced by inserting a






(Aventis
modified phosphinothricin






CropScience
acetyltransferase (PAT) encoding gene






(AgrEvo))
from the soil bacterium Streptomyces







viridochromogenes.


B-41
G94-1, G94-

Glycine max
DuPont
High oleic acid soybean produced by



19, G168

L. (Soybean)
Canada
inserting a second copy of the fatty acid






Agricultural
desaturase (GmFad2-1) encoding gene






Products
from soybean, which resulted in







“silencing” of the endogenous host gene.


B-42
GTS 40-3-2
Roundup
Glycine max
Monsanto
Glyphosate tolerant soybean variety




Ready TM
L. (Soybean)
Company
produced by inserting a modified 5-




soybeans


enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate







synthase (EPSPS) encoding gene from the







soil bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens.


B-43
GU262

Glycine max
Bayer
Glufosinate ammonium herbicide





L. (Soybean)
CropScience
tolerant soybean produced by inserting a






(Aventis
modified phosphinothricin






CropScience
acetyltransferase (PAT) encoding gene






(AgrEvo))
from the soil bacterium Streptomyces







viridochromogenes.


B-44
MON89788
Roundup
Glycine max
Monsanto
Glyphosate-tolerant soybean produced




RReady2Yield TM
L. (Soybean)
Company
by inserting a modified 5-




soybean


enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate







synthase (EPSPS) encoding aroA







(epsps) gene from Agrobacterium







tumefaciens CP4.


B-45
OT96-15

Glycine max
Agriculture &
Low linolenic acid soybean produced





L. (Soybean)
Agri-Food
through traditional cross-breeding to






Canada
incorporate the novel trait from a







naturally occurring fan1 gene mutant







that was selected for low linolenic acid.


B-46
W62, W98

Glycine max
Bayer
Glufosinate ammonium herbicide





L. (Soybean)
CropScience
tolerant soybean produced by inserting a






(Aventis
modified phosphinothricin






CropScience
acetyltransferase (PAT) encoding gene






(AgrEvo))
from the soil bacterium Streptomyces







hygroscopicus.


B-47
15985
Bollgard II
Gossypium
Monsanto
Insect resistant cotton derived by




cotton
hirsutum
Company
transformation of the DP50B parent





L. (Cotton)

variety, which contained event 531







(expressing Cry1Ac protein), with







purified plasmid DNA containing the







cry2Ab gene from B. thuringiensis







subsp. kurstaki.


B-48
19-51A

Gossypium
DuPont
Introduction of a variant form of





hirsutum
Canada
acetolactate synthase (ALS).





L. (Cotton)
Agricultural







Products



B-49
281-24-236

Gossypium
DOW
Insect-resistant cotton produced by





hirsutum
AgroSciences
inserting the cry1F gene from Bacillus





L. (Cotton)
LLC
thuringiensis var. aizawai. The PAT







encoding gene from Streptomyces







viridochromogenes was introduced as a







selectable marker.


B-50
3006-210-23
WideStrike TM
Gossypium
DOW
Insect-resistant cotton produced by





hirsutum
AgroSciences
inserting the cry1Ac gene from Bacillus





L. (Cotton)
LLC
thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki. The PAT







encoding gene from Streptomyces







viridochromogenes was introduced as a







selectable marker.


B-51
31807/31808

Gossypium
Calgene Inc.
Insect-resistant and bromoxynil





hirsutum

herbicide tolerant cotton produced by





L. (Cotton)

inserting the cry1Ac gene from Bacillus







thuringiensis and a nitrilase encoding







gene from Klebsiella pneumoniae.


B-52
BXN

Gossypium
Calgene Inc.
Bromoxynil herbicide tolerant cotton





hirsutum

produced by inserting a nitrilase encoding





L. (Cotton)

gene from Klebsiella pneumoniae.


B-53
COT102

Gossypium
Syngenta
Insect-resistant cotton produced by





hirsutum
Seeds, Inc.
inserting the vip3A(a) gene from





L. (Cotton)

Bacillus thuringiensis AB88. The APH4







encoding gene from E. coli was







introduced as a selectable marker.


B-54
DAS-

Gossypium
DOW
WideStrike TM, a stacked insect-resistant



21Ø23-5 ×

hirsutum
AgroSciences
cotton derived from conventional cross-



DAS-24236-5

L. (Cotton)
LLC
breeding of parental lines 3006-210-23







(OECD identifier: DAS-21Ø23-5) and







281-24-236 (OECD identifier: DAS-







24236-5).


B-55
DAS-

Gossypium
DOW
Stacked insect-resistant and glyphosate-



21Ø23-5 ×

hirsutum
AgroSciences
tolerant cotton derived from



DAS-24236-

L. (Cotton)
LLC and
conventional cross-breeding of



5 ×


Pioneer Hi-
WideStrike cotton (OECD identifier:



MON88913


Bred
DAS-21Ø23-5 × DAS-24236-5) with






International
MON88913, known as RoundupReady






Inc.
Flex (OECD identifier: MON-88913-8).


B-56
DAS-

Gossypium
DOW
WideStrike TM/Roundup Ready ® cotton,



21Ø23-5 ×

hirsutum
AgroSciences
a stacked insect-resistant and glyphosate-



DAS-24236-

L. (Cotton)
LLC
tolerant cotton derived from conventional



5 × MON-



cross-breeding of WideStrike cotton



Ø1445-2



(OECD identifier: DAS-21Ø23-5 ×







DAS-24236-5) with MON1445







(OECD identifier: MON-Ø1445-2).


B-57
LLCotton25

Gossypium
Bayer
Glufosinate ammonium herbicide





hirsutum
CropScience
tolerant cotton produced by inserting a





L. (Cotton)
(Aventis
modified phosphinothricin






CropScience
acetyltransferase (PAT) encoding gene






(AgrEvo))
from the soil bacterium Streptomyces







hygroscopicus.


B-58
LLCotton25 ×

Gossypium
Bayer
Stacked herbicide tolerant and insect



MON15985

hirsutum
CropScience
resistant cotton combining tolerance to





L. (Cotton)
(Aventis
glufosinate ammonium herbicide from






CropScience
LLCotton25 (OECD identifier: ACS-






(AgrEvo))
GHØØ1-3) with resistance to insects







from MON15985 (OECD identifier:







MON-15985-7)


B-59
MON1445/1698
Roundup
Gossypium
Monsanto
Glyphosate herbicide tolerant cotton




Ready TM
hirsutum
Company
produced by inserting a naturally




cotton
L. (Cotton)

glyphosate tolerant form of the enzyme







5-enolpyruvyl shikimate-3-phosphate







synthase (EPSPS) from A. tumefaciens







strain CP4.


B-60
MON15985 ×

Gossypium
Monsanto
Stacked insect resistant and glyphosate



MON88913

hirsutum
Company
tolerant cotton produced by





L. (Cotton)

conventional cross-breeding of the







parental lines MON88913 (OECD







identifier: MON-88913-8) and 15985







(OECD identifier: MON-15985-7).







Glyphosate tolerance is derived from







MON88913 which contains two genes







encoding the enzyme 5-







enolypyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate







synthase (EPSPS) from the CP4 strain of







Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Insect







resistance is derived MON15985 which







was produced by transformation of the







DP50B parent variety, which contained







event 531 (expressing Cry1Ac protein),







with purified plasmid DNA containing







the cry2Ab gene from B. thuringiensis







subsp. kurstaki.


B-61
MON-

Gossypium
Monsanto
Stacked insect resistant and herbicide



15985-7 ×

hirsutum
Company
tolerant cotton derived from



MON-

L. (Cotton)

conventional cross-breeding of the



Ø1445-2



parental lines 15985 (OECD identifier:







MON-15985-7) and MON1445 (OECD







identifier: MON-Ø1445-2).


B-62
MON531/757/
Bollgard TM
Gossypium
Monsanto
Insect-resistant cotton produced by



1076
(Ingard ®)
hirsutum
Company
inserting the cry1Ac gene from Bacillus





L. (Cotton)

thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki HD-73







(B.t.k.).


B-63
MON88913
Roundup
Gossypium
Monsanto
Glyphosate herbicide tolerant cotton




Ready Flex
hirsutum
Company
produced by inserting two genes




Cotton
L. (Cotton)

encoding the enzyme 5-







enolypyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate







synthase (EPSPS) from the CP4 strain of







Agrobacterium tumefaciens.


B-64
MON-

Gossypium
Monsanto
Stacked insect resistant and herbicide



ØØ531-6 ×

hirsutum
Company
tolerant cotton derived from



MON-

L. (Cotton)

conventional cross-breeding of the



Ø1445-2



parental lines MON531 (OECD







identifier: MON-ØØ531-6) and







MON1445 (OECD identifier: MON-







Ø1445-2).


B-65
T304-40

Gossypium
Bayer
Genetic elements which confer the





hirsutum
BioScience
phenotype insect resistant and





L. (Cotton)
N.V.,
glufosinate ammonium herbicide






Technologiepark
tolerance:






38
cry1: Coding sequence of cry gene






B-9052 Gent
from Bacillus thuringiensis that confers






Belgium
the insect resistance trait.







bar: Coding sequence of the







phosphinothricin acetyltransferase gene







(bar) from Streptomyces hygroscopicus







that confers the herbicide resistance trait.


B-66
GHB714

Gossypium
Bayer
Genetic elements which confer the





hirsutum
BioScience
phenotype insect resistant and





L. (Cotton)
N.V.,
glufosinate ammonium herbicide






Technologiepark
tolerance:






38
cry2: Coding sequence of cry gene






B-9052 Gent
from Bacillus thuringiensis that confers






Belgium
the insect resistance trait.







bar: Coding sequence of the







phosphinothricin acetyltransferase gene







(bar) from Streptomyces hygroscopicus







that confers the herbicide resistance trait.


B-67
GHB119

Gossypium
Bayer
Genetic elements which confer the





hirsutum
BioScience
phenotype insect resistant and





L. (Cotton)
N.V.,
glufosinate ammonium herbicide






Technologiepark
tolerance:






38
cry2: Coding sequence of cry gene






B-9052 Gent
from Bacillus thuringiensis that confers






Belgium
the insect resistance trait.







bar: Coding sequence of the







phosphinothricin acetyltransferase gene







(bar) from Streptomyces hygroscopicus







that confers the herbicide resistance trait.


B-68
T303-3

Gossypium
Bayer
cry1: Coding sequence of cry gene from





hirsutum
BioScience
Bacillus thuringiensis that confers the





L. (Cotton)
N.V.,
insect resistance trait.






Technologiepark
bar: Coding sequence of the






38
phosphinothricin acetyltransferase gene






B-9052 Gent
(bar) from Streptomyces hygroscopicus






Belgium
that confers the herbicide resistance trait.


B-69
GHB614

Gossypium
Bayer
2mepsps: Coding sequence of 2mepsps





hirsutum
BioScience
from maize that confers the glyphosate





L. (Cotton)
N.V.,
herbicide resistance trait.






Technologiepark







38







B-9052 Gent







Belgium



B-70
X81359

Helianthus
BASF Inc.
Tolerance to imidazolinone herbicides by





annuus (Sunflower)

selection of a naturally occurring mutant.


B-71
RH44

Lens
BASF Inc.
Selection for a mutagenized version of





culinaris (Lentil)

the enzyme acetohydroxyacid synthase







(AHAS), also known as acetolactate







synthase (ALS) or acetolactate pyruvate-







lyase.


B-72
FP967

Linum
University of
A variant form of acetolactate synthase





usitatissimum
Saskatchewan,
(ALS) was obtained from a





L. (Flax, Linseed)
Crop Dev.
chlorsulfuron tolerant line of A. thaliana






Centre
and used to transform flax.


B-73
5345

Lycopersicon
Monsanto
Resistance to lepidopteran pests through





esculentum (Tomato)
Company
the introduction of the cry1Ac gene from







Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Kurstaki.


B-74
8338

Lycopersicon
Monsanto
Introduction of a gene sequence





esculentum (Tomato)
Company
encoding the enzyme 1-amino-







cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase







(ACCd) that metabolizes the precursor of







the fruit ripening hormone ethylene.


B-75
1345-4

Lycopersicon
DNA Plant
Delayed ripening tomatoes produced by





esculentum (Tomato)
Technology
inserting an additional copy of a truncated






Corporation
gene encoding 1-aminocyclopropane-1-







carboxyllic acid (ACC) synthase, which







resulted in downregulation of the







endogenous ACC synthase and reduced







ethylene accumulation.


B-76
35 1 N

Lycopersicon
Agritope Inc.
Introduction of a gene sequence





esculentum (Tomato)

encoding the enzyme S-







adenosylmethionine hydrolase that







metabolizes the precursor of the fruit







ripening hormone ethylene


B-77
B, Da, F

Lycopersicon
Zeneca Seeds
Delayed softening tomatoes produced by





esculentum (Tomato)

inserting a truncated version of the







polygalacturonase (PG) encoding gene







in the sense or anti-sense orientation in







order to reduce expression of the







endogenous PG gene, and thus reduce







pectin degradation.


B-78
FLAVR
FLAVR SAVR
Lycopersicon
Calgene Inc.
Delayed softening tomatoes produced by



SAVR

esculentum (Tomato)

inserting an additional copy of the







polygalacturonase (PG) encoding gene







in the anti-sense orientation in order to







reduce expression of the endogenous PG







gene and thus reduce pectin degradation.


B-79
J101, J163
Roundup
Medicago
Monsanto
Glyphosate herbicide tolerant alfalfa




Ready Alfalfa
sativa (Alfalfa)
Company and
(lucerne) produced by inserting a gene






Forage
encoding the enzyme 5-






Genetics
enolypyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate






International
synthase (EPSPS) from the CP4 strain of







Agrobacterium tumefaciens.


B-80
C/F/93/08-02

Nicotiana
Societe
Tolerance to the herbicides bromoxynil





tabacum
National
and ioxynil by incorporation of the





L. (Tobacco)
d'Exploitation
nitrilase gene from Klebsiella






des Tabacs et
pneumoniae.






Allumettes



B-81
Vector 21-41

Nicotiana
Vector
Reduced nicotine content through





tabacum
Tobacco Inc.
introduction of a second copy of the





L. (Tobacco)

tobacco quinolinic acid







phosphoribosyltransferase (QTPase) in







the antisense orientation. The NPTII







encoding gene from E. coli was







introduced as a selectable marker to







identify transformants.


B-82
CL121,

Oryza
BASF Inc.
Tolerance to the imidazolinone



CL141,

sativa (Rice)

herbicide, imazethapyr, induced by



CFX51



chemical mutagenesis of the acetolactate







synthase (ALS) enzyme using ethyl







methanesulfonate (EMS).


B-83
IMINTA-1,
Clearfield TM
Oryza
BASF Inc.
Tolerance to imidazolinone herbicides



IMINTA-4

sativa (Rice)

induced by chemical mutagenesis of the







acetolactate synthase (ALS) enzyme







using sodium azide.


B-84
LLRICE06,
LibertyLink ®
Oryza
Aventis
Glufosinate ammonium herbicide



LLRICE62
Rice
sativa (Rice)
CropScience
tolerant rice produced by inserting a







modified phosphinothricin







acetyltransferase (PAT) encoding gene







from the soil bacterium Streptomyces







hygroscopicus).


B-85
LLRICE601

Oryza
Bayer
Glufosinate ammonium herbicide





sativa (Rice)
CropScience
tolerant rice produced by inserting a






(Aventis
modified phosphinothricin






CropScience
acetyltransferase (PAT) encoding gene






(AgrEvo))
from the soil bacterium Streptomyces







hygroscopicus).


B-86
PWC16

Oryza
BASF Inc.
Tolerance to the imidazolinone





sativa (Rice)

herbicide, imazethapyr, induced by







chemical mutagenesis of the acetolactate







synthase (ALS) enzyme using ethyl







methanesulfonate (EMS).


B-87
ATBT04-6,
NewLeaf
Solanum
Monsanto
Colorado potato beetle resistant potatoes



ATBT04-27,
Atlantic
tuberosum
Company
produced by inserting the cry3A gene



ATBT04-30,

L. (Potato)

from Bacillus thuringiensis (subsp.



ATBT04-31,



Tenebrionis).



ATBT04-36,







SPBT02-5,







SPBT02-7






B-88
BT6, BT10,
NewLeaf
Solanum
Monsanto
Colorado potato beetle resistant potatoes



BT12, BT16,
Russet Burbank
tuberosum
Company
produced by inserting the cry3A gene



BT17,

L. (Potato)

from Bacillus thuringiensis (subsp.



BT18, BT23



Tenebrionis).


B-89
RBMT15-

Solanum
Monsanto
Colorado potato beetle and potato virus



101,

tuberosum
Company
Y (PVY) resistant potatoes produced by



SEMT15-

L. (Potato)

inserting the cry3A gene from Bacillus



02,



thuringiensis (subsp. Tenebrionis) and



SEMT15-15



the coat protein encoding gene from PVY.


B-90
RBMT21-

Solanum
Monsanto
Colorado potato beetle and potato



129,

tuberosum
Company
leafroll virus (PLRV) resistant potatoes



RBMT21-

L. (Potato)

produced by inserting the cry3A gene



350,



from Bacillus thuringiensis (subsp.



RBMT22-



Tenebrionis) and the replicase encoding



082



gene from PLRV.


B-91
AM02-

Solanum
BASF Plant
a) A gene containing the coding region



1003,

tuberosum
Science GmbH
of potato gbss in antisense orientation



AM01-

L. (Potato)

relative to the promoter, flanked by the



1005,



gbss promoter from Solanum tuberosum



AM02-



and the polyadenylation sequence from



1012,



Agrobacterium tumefaciens nopaline



AM02-



synthase gene has been inserted into



1017,



potato variety Seresta (lines AM02-



AM99-1089



1003, AM01-1005, AM02-1012) and



and AM99-



Kuras (line AM02-1017) thus reducing



2003



the amount of amylose in the starch







fraction. An ahas gene







(acetohydroxyacid synthase) from







Arabidopsis thaliana flanked by the nos







gene promoter and the octopine synthase







polyadenylation sequence from







Agrobacterium tumefaciens serves as







selectable marker gene conferring







tolerance to Imazamox.







b) AM99-1089 serves as a reference







line. The inserted gene consists of the







potato gbss (granule bound starch







synthase) promoter, the coding region of







potato gbss in antisense orientation and







the polyadenylation sequence from







Agrobacterium tumefaciens nopaline







synthase gene thus reducing the amount







of amylose in the starch fraction. In







addition the neomycin







phosphotransferase gene (nptII)







connected to the Agrobacterium







tumefaciens nopaline synthase promoter







and g7 polyadenylation sequence from







Agrobacterium tumefaciens has been







inserted as selectable marker gene







conferring resistance to kanamycin.







c) In potato line AM99-2003 a gene







consisting of gbss promoter from







Solanum tuberosum, the coding region







fragments of be1 and be2 (starch-







branching enzyme) in tandem and







antisense orientation relative to the







promoter and the nos polyadenylation







sequence from Agrobacterium







tumefaciens have been inserted into







potato variety Dinamo thus reducing the







amount of amylopectin in the starch







fraction of the tuber. In addition the







neomycin phosphotransferase gene







(nptII) connected to the Agrobacterium







tumefaciens nopaline synthase promoter







and g7 polyadenylation sequence from







Agrobacterium tumefaciens has been







inserted as selectable marker gene







conferring resistance to kanamycin.


B-92
EH92-527-1
Amflora
Solanum
BASF Plant
In potato event EH92-527-1 a gene





tuberosum
Science GmbH
consisting of a potato gbss (granule





L. (Potato)

bound starch synthase) promoter, a







fragment of the coding region of potato







gbss in antisense orientation relative to







the promoter and the polyadenylation







sequence from Agrobacterium







tumefaciens nopaline synthase gene







(gene construct pHoxwG) have been







inserted into potato variety Prevalent







thus reducing the amount of amylose in







the starch fraction. In addition the







neomycin phosphotransferase gene







(nptII) connected to the Agrobacterium







tumefaciens nopaline synthase promoter







and polyadenylation signal has been







inserted as selectable marker gene







conferring resistance to kanamycin.


B-93
AP205CL

Triticum
BASF Inc.
Selection for a mutagenized version of





aestivum (Wheat)

the enzyme acetohydroxyacid synthase







(AHAS), also known as acetolactate







synthase (ALS) or acetolactate pyruvate-







lyase.


B-94
AP602CL

Triticum
BASF Inc.
Selection for a mutagenized version of





aestivum (Wheat)

the enzyme acetohydroxyacid synthase







(AHAS), also known as acetolactate







synthase (ALS) or acetolactate pyruvate-







lyase.


B-95
BW255-2,
Clearfield TM
Triticum
BASF Inc.
Selection for a mutagenized version of



BW238-3

aestivum (Wheat)

the enzyme acetohydroxyacid synthase







(AHAS), also known as acetolactate







synthase (ALS) or acetolactate pyruvate-







lyase.


B-96
MON71800

Triticum
Monsanto
Glyphosate tolerant wheat variety





aestivum (Wheat)
Company
produced by inserting a modified 5-







enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate







synthase (EPSPS) encoding gene from







the soil bacterium Agrobacterium







tumefaciens, strain CP4.


B-97
SWP965001

Triticum
Cyanamid
Selection for a mutagenized version of





aestivum (Wheat)
Crop
the enzyme acetohydroxyacid synthase






Protection
(AHAS), also known as acetolactate







synthase (ALS) or acetolactate pyruvate-







lyase.


B-98
DW2, DW6,
Clearfield TM
Triticum
BASF Inc.




DW12

aestivum (Wheat)




B-99
BW7
Clearfield TM
Triticum
BASF Inc.
Tolerance to imidazolinone herbicides





aestivum (Wheat)




B-100
Teal 11A

Triticum
BASF Inc.
Selection for a mutagenized version of





aestivum (Wheat)

the enzyme acetohydroxyacid synthase







(AHAS), also known as acetolactate







synthase (ALS) or acetolactate pyruvate-







lyase.


B-101
176
Knockout TM,
Zea mays
Syngenta
Insect-resistant maize produced by




NautureGard TM
L. (Maize)
Seeds, Inc.,
inserting the cry1Ab gene from Bacillus






Novartis,
thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki. The genetic






Mycogen
modification affords resistance to attack







by the European corn borer (ECB).


B-102
3751IR

Zea mays
Pioneer Hi-Bred
Selection of somaclonal variants by





L. (Maize)
International
culture of embryos on imidazolinone






Inc.
containing media.


B-103
676, 678,
LibertyLink ®
Zea mays
Pioneer Hi-
Male-sterile and glufosinate ammonium



680
Male Sterile
L. (Maize)
Bred
herbicide tolerant maize produced by






International
inserting genes encoding DNA adenine






Inc.
methylase and phosphinothricin







acetyltransferase (PAT) from







Escherichia coli and Streptomyces







viridochromogenes, respectively.


B-104
ACS-

Zea mays
Bayer
Stacked insect resistant and herbicide



ZMØØ3-2 ×

L. (Maize)
CropScience
tolerant corn hybrid derived from



MON-


(Aventis
conventional cross-breeding of the



ØØ81Ø-6


CropScience
parental lines T25 (OECD identifier:






(AgrEvo))
ACS-ZMØØ3-2) and MON810 (OECD







identifier: MON-ØØ81Ø-6).


B-105
B16

Zea mays
Dekalb
Glufosinate ammonium herbicide



(DLL25)

L. (Maize)
Genetics
tolerant maize produced by inserting the






Corporation
gene encoding phosphinothricin







acetyltransferase (PAT) from







Streptomyces hygroscopicus.


B-106
BT11
BiteGard ®
Zea mays
Syngenta
Insect-resistant and herbicide tolerant



(X4334CBR,

L. (Maize)
Seeds, Inc.
maize produced by inserting the cry1Ab



X4734CBR)



gene from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp.







kurstaki, and the phosphinothricin N-







acetyltransferase (PAT) encoding gene







from S. viridochromogenes.


B-107
CBH-351
StarLink ®
Zea mays
Aventis
Insect-resistant and glufosinate





L. (Maize)
CropScience
ammonium herbicide tolerant maize







developed by inserting genes encoding







Cry9C protein from Bacillus







thuringiensis subsp tolworthi and







phosphinothricin acetyltransferase







(PAT) from Streptomyces hygroscopicus.


B-108
DAS-06275-8

Zea mays
DOW
Lepidopteran insect resistant and





L. (Maize)
AgroSciences
glufosinate ammonium herbicide-






LLC
tolerant maize variety produced by







inserting the cry1F gene from Bacillus







thuringiensis var aizawai and the







phosphinothricin acetyltransferase







(PAT) from Streptomyces hygroscopicus.


B-109
DAS-59122-7
Herculex RW
Zea mays
DOW
Corn rootworm-resistant maize




Rootworm
L. (Maize)
AgroSciences
produced by inserting the cry34Ab1 and




Protection

LLC and
cry35Ab1 genes from Bacillus




Maise

Pioneer Hi-
thuringiensis strain PS149B1. The PAT






Bred
encoding gene from Streptomyces






International
viridochromogenes was introduced as a






Inc.
selectable marker.


B-110
DAS-59122-

Zea mays
DOW
Stacked insect resistant and herbicide



7 × NK603

L. (Maize)
AgroSciences
tolerant maize produced by conventional






LLC and
cross breeding of parental lines DAS-






Pioneer Hi-
59122-7 (OECD unique identifier:






Bred
DAS-59122-7) with NK603 (OECD






International
unique identifier: MON-ØØ6Ø3-6).






Inc.
Corn rootworm-resistance is derived







from DAS-59122-7 which contains the







cry34Ab1 and cry35Ab1 genes from







Bacillus thuringiensis strain PS149B1.







Tolerance to glyphosate herbcicide is







derived from NK603.


B-111
DAS-59122-

Zea mays
DOW
Stacked insect resistant and herbicide



7 × TC1507 ×

L. (Maize)
AgroSciences
tolerant maize produced by conventional



NK603


LLC and
cross breeding of parental lines DAS-






Pioneer Hi-
59122-7 (OECD unique identifier:






Bred
DAS-59122-7) and TC1507 (OECD






International
unique identifier: DAS-Ø15Ø7-1) with






Inc.
NK603 (OECD unique identifier: MON-







ØØ6Ø3-6). Corn rootworm-resistance is







derived from DAS-59122-7 which







contains the cry34Ab1 and cry35Ab1







genes from Bacillus thuringiensis strain







PS149B1. Lepidopteran resistance and







toleraance to glufosinate ammonium







herbicide is derived from TC1507.







Tolerance to glyphosate herbcicide is







derived from NK603.


B-112
DAS-

Zea mays
DOW
Stacked insect resistant and herbicide



Ø15Ø7-1 ×

L. (Maize)
AgroSciences
tolerant corn hybrid derived from



MON-


LLC
conventional cross-breeding of the



ØØ6Ø3-6



parental lines 1507 (OECD identifier:







DAS-Ø15Ø7-1) and NK603 (OECD







identifier: MON-ØØ6Ø3-6).


B-113
DBT418
Bt-XTRA ®
Zea mays
Dekalb
Insect-resistant and glufosinate





L. (Maize)
Genetics
ammonium herbicide tolerant maize






Corporation
developed by inserting genes encoding







Cry1AC protein from Bacillus







thuringiensis subsp kurstaki and







phosphinothricin acetyltransferase







(PAT) from Streptomyces hygroscopicus


B-114
DK404SR

Zea mays
BASF Inc.
Somaclonal variants with a modified





L. (Maize)

acetyl-CoA-carboxylase (ACCase) were







selected by culture of embryos on







sethoxydim enriched medium.


B-115
EXP1910IT

Zea mays
Syngenta
Tolerance to the imidazolinone





L. (Maize)
Seeds, Inc.
herbicide, imazethapyr, induced by






(formerly
chemical mutagenesis of the acetolactate






Zeneca Seeds)
synthase (ALS) enzyme using ethyl







methanesulfonate (EMS).


B-116
GA21
Roundup
Zea mays
Monsanto
Introduction, by particle bombardment,




Ready ®
L. (Maize)
Company
of a modified 5-enolpyruvyl shikimate-







3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS), an







enzyme involved in the shikimate







biochemical pathway for the production







of the aromatic amino acids.


B-117
IT

Zea mays
Pioneer Hi-Bred
Tolerance to the imidazolinone





L. (Maize)
International
herbicide, imazethapyr, was obtained by






Inc.
in vitro selection of somaclonal variants.


B-118
LY038
Mavera TM High
Zea mays
Monsanto
Altered amino acid composition,




Value Corn
L. (Maize)
Company
specifically elevated levels of lysine,




with Lysine


through the introduction of the cordapA







gene, derived from Corynebacterium







glutamicum, encoding the enzyme







dihydrodipicolinate synthase (cDHDPS).


B-119
MIR604
Agrisure RW
Zea mays
Syngenta
Corn rootworm resistant maize produced




Rootworm-
L. (Maize)
Seeds, Inc.
by transformation with a modified




Protected Corn


cry3A gene. The phosphomannose







isomerase gene from E. coli was used as







a selectable marker.


B-120
MON80100

Zea mays
Monsanto
Insect-resistant maize produced by





L. (Maize)
Company
inserting the cry1Ab gene from Bacillus







thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki. The







genetic modification affords resistance to







attack by the European corn borer (ECB).


B-121
MON802
Roundup
Zea mays
Monsanto
Insect-resistant and glyphosate herbicide




Ready ®
L. (Maize)
Company
tolerant maize produced by inserting the







genes encoding the Cry1Ab protein







from Bacillus thuringiensis and the 5-







enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate







synthase (EPSPS) from A. tumefaciens







strain CP4.


B-122
MON809

Zea mays
Pioneer Hi-
Resistance to European corn borer





L. (Maize)
Bred
(Ostrinia nubilalis) by introduction of a






International
synthetic cry1Ab gene. Glyphosate






Inc.
resistance via introduction of the







bacterial version of a plant enzyme, 5-







enolpyruvyl shikimate-3-phosphate







synthase (EPSPS).


B-123
MON810
YieldGard ®
Zea mays
Monsanto
Insect-resistant maize produced by





L. (Maize)
Company
inserting a truncated form of the cry1Ab







gene from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp.







kurstaki HD-1. The genetic modification







affords resistance to attack by the







European corn borer (ECB).


B-124
MON810 ×

Zea mays
Monsanto
Stacked insect resistant and glyphosate



MON88017

L. (Maize)
Company
tolerant maize derived from







conventional cross-breeding of the







parental lines MON810 (OECD







identifier: MON-ØØ81Ø-6) and







MON88017 (OECD identifier: MON-







88Ø17-3). European corn borer (ECB)







resistance is derived from a truncated







form of the cry1Ab gene from Bacillus







thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki HD-1







present in MON810. Corn rootworm







resistance is derived from the cry3Bb1







gene from Bacillus thuringiensis







subspecies kumamotoensis strain







EG4691 present in MON88017.







Glyphosate tolerance is derived from a







5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate







synthase (EPSPS) encoding gene from







Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain CP4







present in MON88017.


B-125
MON832

Zea mays
Monsanto
Introduction, by particle bombardment,





L. (Maize)
Company
of glyphosate oxidase (GOX) and a







modified 5-enolpyruvyl shikimate-3-







phosphate synthase (EPSPS), an enzyme







involved in the shikimate biochemical







pathway for the production of the







aromatic amino acids.


B-126
MON863
YieldGard ®
Zea mays
Monsanto
Corn root worm resistant maize produced




Rootworm
L. (Maize)
Company
by inserting the cry3Bb1 gene from







Bacillus thuringiensis subsp.







kumamotoensis.


B-127
MON88017

Zea mays
Monsanto
Corn rootworm-resistant maize





L. (Maize)
Company
produced by inserting the cry3Bb1 gene







from Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies







kumamotoensis strain EG4691.







Glyphosate tolerance derived by inserting







a 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate







synthase (EPSPS) encoding gene from







Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain CP4.


B-128
MON-

Zea mays
Monsanto
Stacked insect resistant and herbicide



ØØ6Ø3-6 ×

L. (Maize)
Company
tolerant corn hybrid derived from



MON-



conventional cross-breeding of the



ØØ81Ø-6



parental lines NK603 (OECD identifier:







MON-ØØ6Ø3-6) and MON810 (OECD







identifier: MON-ØØ81Ø-6).


B-129
MON-

Zea mays
Monsanto
Stacked insect resistant and enhanced



ØØ81Ø-6 ×

L. (Maize)
Company
lysine content maize derived from



LY038



conventional cross-breeding of the







parental lines MON810 (OECD







identifier: MON-ØØ81Ø-6) and LY038







(OECD identifier: REN-ØØØ38-3).


B-130
MON-

Zea mays
Monsanto
Stacked insect resistant and herbicide



ØØ863-5 ×

L. (Maize)
Company
tolerant corn hybrid derived from



MON-



conventional cross-breeding of the



ØØ6Ø3-6



parental lines MON863 (OECD







identifier: MON-ØØ863-5) and NK603







(OECD identifier: MON-ØØ6Ø3-6).


B-131
MON-
YieldGard ®
Zea mays
Monsanto
Stacked insect resistant corn hybrid



ØØ863-5 ×
Plus
L. (Maize)
Company
derived from conventional cross-



MON-



breeding of the parental lines MON863



ØØ81Ø-6



(OECD identifier: MON-ØØ863-5) and







MON810 (OECD identifier: MON-







ØØ81Ø-6)


B-132
MON-
YieldGard ®
Zea mays
Monsanto
Stacked insect resistant and herbicide



ØØ863-5 ×
Plus, Roundup
L. (Maize)
Company
tolerant corn hybrid derived from



MON-
Ready ®


conventional cross-breeding of the



ØØ81Ø-6 ×



stacked hybrid MON-ØØ863-5 × MON-



MON-



ØØ81Ø-6 and NK603 (OECD



ØØ6Ø3-6



identifier: MON-ØØ6Ø3-6).


B-133
MON-

Zea mays
Monsanto
Stacked insect resistant and herbicide



ØØØ21-9 ×

L. (Maize)
Company
tolerant corn hybrid derived from



MON-



conventional cross-breeding of the



ØØ81Ø-6



parental lines GA21 (OECD identifider:







MON-ØØØ21-9) and MON810 (OECD







identifier: MON-ØØ81Ø-6).


B-134
MS3

Zea mays
Bayer
Male sterility caused by expression of





L. (Maize)
CropScience
the barnase ribonuclease gene from






(Aventis
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens; PPT






CropScience
resistance was via PPT-acetyltransferase






(AgrEvo))
(PAT).


B-135
MS6
LibertyLink ®
Zea mays
Bayer
Male sterility caused by expression of




Male Sterile
L. (Maize)
CropScience
the barnase ribonuclease gene from






(Aventis
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens; PPT






CropScience
resistance was via PPT-acetyltransferase






(AgrEvo))
(PAT).


B-136
NK603
Roundup
Zea mays
Monsanto
Introduction, by particle bombardment,




Ready ® corn
L. (Maize)
Company
of a modified 5-enolpyruvyl shikimate-







3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS), an







enzyme involved in the shikimate







biochemical pathway for the production







of the aromatic amino acids.


B-137
SYN-

Zea mays
Syngenta
Stacked insect resistant and herbicide



BTØ11-1 ×

L. (Maize)
Seeds, Inc.
tolerant maize produced by conventional



MON-



cross breeding of parental lines BT11



ØØØ21-9



(OECD unique identifier: SYN-BTØ11-







1) and GA21 (OECD unique identifier:







MON-ØØØ21-9).


B-138
T14, T25
LibertyLink TM
Zea mays
Bayer
Glufosinate herbicide tolerant maize





L. (Maize)
CropScience
produced by inserting the






(Aventis
phosphinothricin N-acetyltransferase






CropScience
(PAT) encoding gene from the aerobic






(AgrEvo))
actinomycete Streptomyces







viridochromogenes.


B-139
TC1507
Herculex I ®
Zea mays
Mycogen (c/o
Insect-resistant and glufosinate





L. (Maize)
Dow
ammonium herbicide tolerant maize






AgroSciences);
produced by inserting the cry1F gene






Pioneer (c/o
from Bacillus thuringiensis var. aizawai






Dupont)
and the phosphinothricin N-







acetyltransferase encoding gene from







Streptomyces viridochromogenes.


B-140
TC1507 ×

Zea mays
DOW
Stacked insect resistant and herbicide



DAS-59122-7

L. (Maize)
AgroSciences
tolerant maize produced by conventional






LLC and
cross breeding of parental lines TC1507






Pioneer Hi-
(OECD unique identifier: DAS-Ø15Ø7-






Bred
1) with DAS-59122-7 (OECD unique






International
identifier: DAS-59122-7). Resistance to






Inc.
lepidopteran insects is derived from







TC1507 due the presence of the cry1F







gene from Bacillus thuringiensis var.







aizawai. Corn rootworm-resistance is







derived from DAS-59122-7 which







contains the cry34Ab1 and cry35Ab1







genes from Bacillus thuringiensis strain







PS149B1. Tolerance to glufosinate







ammonium herbcicide is derived from







TC1507 from the phosphinothricin N-







acetyltransferase encoding gene from







Streptomyces viridochromogenes.


B-141
SYTGA21

Zea mays
Syngenta
Glyphosate Herbicide Tolerance





L. (Maize)
Agrisure GT



B-142
SYTGA21 +

Zea mays
Syngenta
Cry1Ab Corn borer protection



Bt11

L. (Maize)
Agrisure GT/CB
Glyphosate Herbicide Tolerance






YieldGard







Liberty Link



B-143
MON810 +

Zea mays
Monsanto
Cry1Ab corn borer resistance



SYTGA21

L. (Maize)
YieldGard
Glyphosate Herbicide Tolerance






Roundup Ready



B-144
MON89034

Zea mays
Monsanto
A full description of the genetic





L. (Maize)
Agrar
elements in MON 89034, including the






Deutschland
approximate size, source and function is






GmbH
provided in Table 1.







Table 1. Summary of the genetic







elements inserted in MON 89034







B1-Left Border*: 239 bp DNA region







from the B?Left Border region







remaining after integration







Pp2-e35S: Modified promoter and







leader for the cauliflower mosaic virus







(CaMV) 35S RNA containing the







duplicated enhancer region







L3-Cab: 5′ untranslated leader of the







wheat chlorophyll a/b?binding protein







I4-Ract1: Intron from the rice actin gene







CS5-cry1A.105: Coding sequence for the







Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A.105 protein







T6-Hsp17: 3′ transcript termination







sequence for wheat heat shock protein







17.3, which ends transcription and







directs polyadenylation







P-FMV: Figwort Mosaic Virus 35S







promoter







I-Hsp70: First intron from the maize







heat shock protein 70 gene







TS7-SSU-CTP: DNA region containing







the targeting sequence for the transit







peptide region of maize ribulose 1,5-







bisphosphate carboxylase small subunit







and the first intron







CS-cry2Ab2: Coding sequence for a







Cry2Ab2 protein from Bacillus







thuringiensis. This coding sequence uses







a modified codon usage.







T-nos: 3′ transcript termination







sequence of the nopaline synthase (nos)







coding sequence from Agrobacterium







tumefaciens which terminates







transcription and directs polyadenylation







B-Left Border: 230 bp DNA region







from the B-Left Border region







remaining after integration







*Analyses of the MON 89034 insert







sequence revealed that the e35S







promoter that regulates expression of the







cry1A.105 coding sequence was







modified: the Right Border sequence







present in PV-ZMIR245 was replaced







by the Left Border sequence. It is likely







that this modification is the result of a







crossover recombination event that







occurred prior to the DNA being







inserted into the genome.


B-145
MON 89034 ×

Zea mays
Monsanto




MON

L. (Maize)
Agrar




88017


Deutschland







GmbH



B-146
MON 89034 ×

Zea mays
Monsanto




NK603

L. (Maize)
Agrar







Deutschland







GmbH



B-147
DP-

Zea mays
Pioneer Hi-
98140 maize has been genetically



Ø9814Ø-6

L. (Maize)
Bred Seeds
modified by insertion of the glyphosate-






Agro SRL
N-acetyltransferase (gat4621) gene and







a modified maize acetolactate synthase







(zm-hra) gene, along with the necessary







regulatory elements for gene expression







in the maize plant.







The gat4621 gene encodes the







GAT4621 protein, which was derived







from the soil bacterium Bacillus







licheniformis, and confers tolerance to







herbicides containing glyphosate. The







zm-hra gene encodes the ZM-HRA







protein and confers tolerance to a range







of ALS-inhibiting herbicides such as







sulfonylureas.


B-148
3243M

Zea mays
Syngenta
Regulatory sequences:





L. (Maize)
Seeds SA
Promoter sequences derived from maize.







The function of these sequences is to







control expression of the insect







resistance gene.







Insect resistance gene:







cry1Ab gene derived form Bacillus







thuringiensis. The function of the







product of this gene is to confer







resistance to certain lepidopteran pests.







NOS terminator:







Terminator sequence of the nopaline







synthase gene, isolated from







Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The







function of this sequence is to signal the







termination of the insect resistance gene







expression.







ZmUbilntron:







Promoter from a maize ubiquitin gene







together with the first intron of the gene.







The function of these sequences is to







control and enhance expression of the







Phosphomannose Isomerase (pmi) gene.







pmi:







Coding sequence of the







Phosphomannose Isomerase (pmi) gene







isolated from Escherichia coli. The







function of this gene product is as a







selectable marker for the transformation,







as it allows positive selection of







transformed cells growing on mannose.







NOS terminator:







Termination sequence of the nopaline







synthase gene, isolated from







Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The







function of this sequence is to signal the







termination of the marker gene (pmi)







expression.


B-149
DP 444
Bollgard/Roundup
Gossypium
Delta and Pine
Bollgard ®, RoundupReady ®



BG/RR
Ready,
hirsutum
Land company





from US
L. (Cotton)






2003213029-







A1





B-150
VSN-BTCRW
Bt-toxin corn
Zea mays






root worm
L. (Maize)




B-151
HCL201CR
Bt-toxin corn
Zea mays
Monsanto




W2RR ×
root worm
L. (Maize)
Company




LH324






B-152
LH324
from U.S. Pat. No.
Zea mays
Monsanto





7,223,908 B1
L. (Maize)
Company



B-153
VSN-RR Bt
RoundupReady
Zea mays






Bt-toxin
L. (Maize)




B-154
FR1064LL ×
Ref: Gerdes, J. T.,
Zea mays
Illinois




FR2108
Behr, C. F., Coors,
L. (Maize)
Foundation





J. G., and Tracy,

Seeds





W. F. 1993.







Compilation of







North American







Maize Breeding







Germplasm.







W. F. Tracy, J. G.







Coors, and J. L.







Geadelmann,







eds. Crop







Science Society







of America,







Madison, WI







and U.S. Pat. No.







6,407,320 B1





B-155
VSN-Bt
Bt-toxin
Zea mays







L. (Maize)





















TABLE 6









Genetically



No.
Trade name
Plant
Company
modified properties
Additional information







4-1
Roundup
Beta vulgaris
Monsanto
tolerance to glyphosate




Ready ®
(Sugar Beet)
Company




4-2
InVigor ®
Brassica
BayerCropScience
Canola has been





napus (Argentine

genetically modified to:





Canola)

Ø express a gene







conferring tolerance to the







herbicide glufosinate







ammonium;







Ø introduce a novel







hybrid breeding system







for canola, based on







genetically modified male







sterile (MS) and fertility 







restorer (RF) lines;







Ø express an antibiotic







resistance gene.



4-3
Liberty Link ®
Brassica
BayerCropScience
tolerance to





napus (Argentine

phosphinotricin





Canola)





4-4
Roundup
Brassica
Monsanto
tolerance to glyphosate




Ready ®
napus (Canola)
Company




4-5
Clearfield ®
Canola
BASF
non-GMO, tolerance to






Corporation
imazamox



4-6
Optimum TM
Glycine max
Pioneer Hi-Bred
tolerance to glyphosate




GAT TM
L. (Soybean)
International, Inc
and ALS herbicides



4-7
Roundup
Glycine max
Monsanto
tolerance to glyphosate




Ready ®
L. (Soybean)
Company




4-8
Roundup
Glycine max
Monsanto
tolerance to glyphosate




RReady2Yield TM
L. (Soybean)
Company




4-9
STS ®
Glycine max
DuPont
tolerance to





L. (Soybean)

sulphonylureas



4-10
YIELD
Glycine max
Monsanto





GARD ®
L. (Soybean)
Company




4-11
AFD ®
Gossypium
BayerCropScience
lines include eg





hirsutum

AFD5062LL,





L. (Cotton)

AFD5064F, AFD5065B2F,







AFD seed is available in







several varieties with







technology incorporated,







such as Bollgard ®,







Bollgard II, Roundup







Ready, Roundup Ready







Flex and LibertyLink ®







technologies.



4-12
Bollgard II ®
Gossypium
Monsanto
MON 15985 event:





hirsutum
Company
Cry2(A)b1;





L. (Cotton)

Cry1A(c)



4-13
Bollgard ®
Gossypium
Monsanto
Cry 1Ac





hirsutum
Company






L. (Cotton)





4-14
FiberMax ®
Gossypium
BayerCropScience






hirsutum







L. (Cotton)





4-15
Liberty Link ®
Gossypium
BayerCropScience
tolerance to





hirsutum

phosphinotricin





L. (Cotton)





4-16
Nucotn 33B
Gossypium
Delta Pine and
Bt-toxin in Delta





hirsutum
Land
Pine lines: CrylAc





L. (Cotton)





4-17
Nucotn 35B
Gossypium
Delta Pine and
Bt-toxin in Delta





hirsutum
Land
Pine lines: CrylAc





L. (Cotton)





4-18
Nucotn ®
Gossypium
Delta Pine and
Bt-toxin in Delta





hirsutum
Land
Pine lines





L. (Cotton)





4-19
PhytoGen TM
Gossypium
PhytoGen Seed
covers varieties





hirsutum
Company, Dow
containing for





L. (Cotton)
AgroSciences
example Roundup






LLC
Ready flex, Widestrike,



4-20
Roundup Ready
Gossypium
Monsanto
tolerance to glyphosate




Flex ®
hirsutum
Company






L. (Cotton)





4-21
Roundup
Gossypium
Monsanto
tolerance to glyphosate




Ready ®
hirsutum
Company






L. (Cotton)





4-22
Widestrike TM
Gossypium
Dow
Cry1F and Cry1Ac
Monsanto/Dow




hirsutum
AgroSciences






L. (Cotton)
LLC




4-23
YIELD
Gossypium
Monsanto

www.garstseed.com/GarstClient/Technology/



GARD ®
hirsutum
Company

agrisure.aspx




L. (Cotton)





4-24
Roundup
Medicago
Monsanto
tolerance to glyphosate




Ready ®
sativa (Alfalfa)
Company




4-25
Clearfield ®
Oryza sativa
BASF
non-GMO,





(Rice)
Corporation
tolerance to imazamox



4-26
NewLeaf ®
Solanum
Monsanto
resistant to infection by





tuberosum
Company
Potato Leafroll Virus





L. (Potato)

(PLRV) and to feeding







by the Colorado potato







beetle, Leptinotarsa







decemlineata (CPB)



4-27
NewLeaf ® plus
Solanum
Monsanto
resistant to infection by





tuberosum
Company
Potato Leafroll Virus





L. (Potato)

(PLRV) and to feeding







by the Colorado potato







beetle, Leptinotarsa







decemlineata (CPB)



4-28
Protecta ®
Solanum
?






tuberosum







L. (Potato)





4-29
Clearfield ®
Sunflower
BASF
non-GMO, tolerance to






Corporation
imazamox



4-30
Roundup
Triticum
Monsanto
tolerance to




Ready ®
aestivum (Wheat)
Company
glyphosate, NK603



4-31
Clearfield ®
Wheat
BASF
non-GMO, tolerance to






Corporation
imazamox



4-32
Agrisure ®
Zea mays
Syngenta Seeds,
includes Agrisure CB/LL




(Family)
L. (Maize)
Inc.
(BT 11 event plus







tolerance towards







phosphinotricin by







GA21 event);







Agrisure CB/LL/RW







(Bt 11 event, modified







synthetic Cry3A gene,







tolerance towards







phosphinotricin by







GA21 event);







Agrisure GT (tolerance







to glyphosate);







Agrisure GT/CB/LL







(tolerance to glyphosate







and towards







phosphinotricinby







GA21 event, Bt 11







event); Agrisure 3000GT







(CB/LL/RW/GT:







tolerance to glyphosate







and towards







phosphinotricinby







GA21 event, Bt 11 event,







modified synthetic Cry3A







gene); Agrisure GT/RW 







(tolerance to glyphosate,







modified synthetic Cry3A







gene); Agrisure RW







(modified synthetic Cry3A







gene); Future Traits



4-33
BiteGard ®
Zea mays
Novartis Seeds
cry1A(b) gene.





L. (Maize)





4-34
Bt-Xtra ®
Zea mays
DEKALB
cry1Ac gene.





L. (Maize)
Genetics







Corporation




4-35
Clearfield ®
Zea mays
BASF
non-GMO, tolerance to





L. (Maize)
Corporation
imazamox



4-36
Herculex ®
Zea mays
Dow





(Family)
L. (Maize)
AgroSciences







LLC




4-37
IMI ®
Zea mays
DuPont
tolerance to





L. (Maize)

imidazolinones



4-38
KnockOut ®
Zea mays
Syngenta Seeds,
SYN-EV176-9:





L. (Maize)
Inc.
cry1A(b) gene.



4-39
Mavera ®
Zea mays
Renessen LLC
high Lysine
www.dowagro.com/widestrike/




L. (Maize)





4-40
NatureGard ®
Zea mays
Mycogen
cry1A(b) gene.





L. (Maize)





4-41
Roundup
Zea mays
Monsanto
tolerance to glyphosate
www.starlinkcorn.com/starlinkcorn.htm



Ready ®
L. (Maize)
Company




4-42
Roundup
Zea mays
Monsanto
tolerance to glyphosate




Ready ® 2
L. (Maize)
Company




4-43
SmartStax
Zea mays
Monsanto
eight gene stack





L. (Maize)
Company




4-44
StarLink ®
Zea mays
Aventis
Cry9c gene.





L. (Maize)
CropScience







->Bayer







CropScience




4-45
STS ®
Zea mays
DuPont
tolerance to





L. (Maize)

sulphonylureas



4-46
YIELD
Zea mays
Monsanto
Mon810, Cry1Ab1;
www.dowagro.com/herculex/about/



GARD ®
L. (Maize)
Company
resistant to corn borer
herculexfamily/


4-47
YieldGard ®
Zea mays
Monsanto
Mon810xMon863,




Plus
L. (Maize)
Company
double-stack, resistant to







corn borer and rootworm



4-48
YieldGard ®
Zea mays
Monsanto
Mon863, Cry3Bb1,




Rootworm
L. (Maize)
Company
resistant to rootworm



4-49
YieldGard ® VT
Zea mays
Monsanto
stacked trait





L. (Maize)
Company




4-50
YieldMaker TM
Zea mays
DEKALB
include Roundup





L. (Maize)
Genetics
Ready 2 technology,






Corporation
YieldGard VT,







YieldGard Corn Borer,







YieldGard Rootworm







and YieldGard Plus











EXAMPLES
The invention is illustrated in more detail by the examples below, without being limited thereby.
A synergistic effect in insecticides and acaricides is always present when the action of the active compound combinations exceeds the total of the actions of the active compounds when applied individually.
The expected action for a given combination of two active compounds can be calculated as follows, using the formula of S. R. Colby, Weeds 15 (1967), 20-22:
If


    X is the kill rate, expressed as % of the untreated control, when employing active compound A at an application rate of m g/ha or in a concentration of m ppm,
    Y is the kill rate, expressed as % of the untreated control, when employing the transgenic seed and
    E is the kill rate, expressed as % of the untreated control, when employing the active compound A at application rates of m g/ha or in a concentration of m ppm and the transgenic seed,

then







  E
  =
  
    X
    +
    Y
    -
    
      
        X
        ·
        Y
      
      100
    
  




If the actual insecticidal kill rate exceeds the calculated value, the action of the combination is superadditive, i.e. a synergistic effect is present. In this case, the actually observed kill rate must exceed the value calculated using the above formula for the expected kill rate (E).
Example 1: Foliar and Drench Application Aphis gossypii/Cotton
Individual potted genetically modified cotton plants with Lepidoptera resistance and Glyphosate resistance are treated with the desired product against the cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii).
After the desired period of time, the kill in % is determined. 100% means that all the aphids have been killed; 0% means that none of the aphids have been killed.
A considerable improvement in the control of pests compared to the control plants not treated according to the invention is noticeable.







TABLE B1-1







Aphis gossypii test (foliar application)










Concentration
Kill


Active compound
in ppm
in % after 1d












compound I-8
20
65


cotton plant containing a gene

0


from the cry family for




Lepidoptera resistence and a




gene for Glyphosate resistence














found*
calc.**


compound I-8 combined with a
20
85
65


cotton plant containing a gene





from the cry family for





Lepidoptera resistence and a





gene for Glyphosate resistence





according to the invention
















TABLE B1-2







Aphis gossypii test (drench application)










Concentration
Kill


Active compound
in ppm
in % after 2d












compound I-8
0.8
70


cotton plant containing a gene

0


from the cry family for




Lepidoptera resistence and a




gene for Glyphosate resistence














found*
calc.**


compound I-8 combined with a
0.8
90
70


cotton plant containing a gene





from the cry family for





Lepidoptera resistence and a





gene for Glyphosate resistence





according to the invention





*found = activity found


**calc. = activity calculated using the Colby formula






Example 2: Foliar Application Spodoptera frugiperda/Maize
Pots with in each case 5 genetically modified maize plants with Lepidoptera, Coleoptera and/or herbicide resistances are treated in 2 replications against the armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda).
After the desired period of time, the kill in % is determined. 100% means that all caterpillars have been killed; 0% means that none of the caterpillars have been killed.
A considerable improvement in the control of pests compared to the control plants not treated according to the invention is noticeable.







TABLE B2







Spodoptera frugiperda test (foliar application)










Concentration
Kill


Active compound
in ppm
in % after 4d












compound I-8
100
0


maize plant containing a gene

40


from the cry family for




Lepidoptera resistence




maize plant containing a gene

20


from the cry family for




Coleoptera resistence and a gene




for Glyphosate resistence














found*
calc.**


compound I-8 combined with a
100
90
40


maize plant containing a gene





from the cry family for





Lepidoptera resistence according





to the invention





compound I-8 combined with a
100
50
20


maize plant containing a gene





from the cry family for





Coleoptera resistence and a gene





for Glyphosate resistence





according to the invention





*found = activity found


**calc. = activity calculated using the Colby formula

## Claims

1. A method for improving production of a genetically modified plant, wherein the plant comprises at least one gene or gene fragment coding for a Bt toxin, comprising treating parts of the plant with from 50 to 200 g/ha of [1-(6-trifluoromethylpyridin-3-yl)ethyl](methyl)-oxido-λ4-sulphanylidenecyanamide:




to improve the production of the plant, wherein the improvement is caused by a synergistic action between (I-8) and a genetic modification of the genetically modified plant, wherein the parts of the plant are selected from the group consisting of shoots, leaves, flowers, roots, needles, stems, trunks, fruit-bodies, fruit, tubers, rhizomes, and combinations thereof, and wherein (I-8) is the only active compound with which the genetically modified plant is treated.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the genetically modified plant further is tolerant to one or more herbicides, wherein the herbicide tolerance is obtained by genetic transformation or selection of a plant containing a mutation.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the genetically modified plant is selected from the group consisting of Dianthus caryophyllus (carnation), Brassica napus (Argentine oilseed rape), Zea mays L. (maize), Cucumis melo (melon), Carica papaya (papaya), Solanum tuberosum L (potato), Glycine max L. (soya bean), Cucurbita pepo (pumpkin), Nicotiana tabacum L. (tobacco), Lycopersicon esculentum (tomato), Agrostis stonolifera (creeping bentgrass), Beta vulgaris (sugar beet), Brassica napus (Argentine canola), Brassica rapa (Polish canola), Cichorium intybus (chicory), Cucurbita pepo (squash), Gossypium hirsutum L. (cotton), Helianthus annuus (sunflower), Lens culinaris (lentil), Lens usitatissimum L. (flax, linseed), Medicago sativa (alfalfa), Oryza sativa (rice), Triticum aestivum (wheat), and Brassicus napus (canola), and wherein the gene or gene fragment coding for a Bt toxin codes for a crystal toxin (Cry).

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the genetically modified plant is a vegetable plant, maize plant, soya bean plant, cotton plant, tobacco plant, rice plant, sugar beet plant, oilseed rape plant, or potato plant.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein [1-(6-trifluoromethylpyridin-3-yl)ethyl](methyl)-oxido-λ4-sulphanylidenecyanamide is in a mixture with at least one mixing partner.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the genetically modified plant is a maize plant, soya bean plant, tobacco plant, sugar beet plant, oilseed rape plant, or potato plant.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the genetically modified plant is a cotton plant.

8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the genetically modified plant is a maize plant.

9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the genetically modified plant is a soya bean plant.

10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the genetically modified plant is a tobacco plant.

11. The method according to claim 1, wherein the genetically modified plant is a rice plant.

12. The method according to claim 1, wherein the genetically modified plant is a sugar beet plant.

13. The method according to claim 1, wherein the genetically modified plant is an oilseed rape plant.

14. The method according to claim 1, wherein the genetically modified plant is a potato plant.

15. The method according to claim 1, wherein the Bt toxin is a crystal toxin.

16. The method according to claim 2, wherein the herbicide tolerance is glyphosate tolerance, glutamine synthase tolerance, hydroxyphenylpyruvatedioxygenase tolerance, acetolactate synthase tolerance, sulphonylurea tolerance, and/or imidazolinone tolerance.

17. The method of claim 1, wherein the genetically modified plant is a cotton plant including a gene from the Cry family for Lepidoptera resistance and a gene for glyphosate resistance.

18. The method of claim 1, wherein the genetically modified plant is a maize plant including a gene from the Cry family for Lepidoptera resistance and a gene for glyphosate resistance.

19. The method of claim 1, wherein the genetically modified plant is a maize plant including a gene from the Cry family for Coleoptera resistance and a gene for glyphosate resistance.

20. A method for improving production of a genetically modified plant, wherein the plant comprises at least one gene or gene fragment coding for a Bt toxin, comprising treating parts of the plant in the presence of an insect pest with from 50 to 200 g/ha of [1-(6-trifluoromethylpyridin-3-yl)ethyl](methyl)-oxido-λ4-sulphanylidenecyanamide:




to improve the production of the plant, wherein the improvement is caused by a synergistic action between (I-8) and a genetic modification of the genetically modified plant, wherein the parts of the plant are selected from the group consisting of shoots, leaves, flowers, roots, needles, stems, trunks, fruit-bodies, fruit, tubers, rhizomes, and combinations thereof, and wherein (I-8) is the only active compound with which the genetically modified plant is treated.