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|                                                                                 |   | December 31, |     |
|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------|--------------|----------|
|                                                                            |   | 2016         |     |   | 2015 |   |   | 2014 |   |   | 2013 |   |   | 2012 |   |
| Historical ratio:                                                               |   |         |     |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| Fixed charges:                                                                  |   |         |     |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| Interest costs and amortization on debt discount or premium in all indebtedness |   |         | 869,267  |   |   |   | 800,232 |   |   |   | 855,508 |   |   |   | 943,126 |   |   |   | 981,219 |   |
| Portion of rent expense representative of interest factor (A)                   |   |         | 97,752   |   |   |   | 85,022 |   |   |   | 99,328 |   |   |   | 92,104 |   |   |   | 86,130 |   |
| Fixed charges                                                                   |   |         | 967,019  |   |   |   | 885,254 |   |   |   | 954,836 |   |   |   | 1,035,230 |   |   |   | 1,067,349 |   |
| Earnings:                                                                       |   |         |     |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| Pretax income from continuing operations                                        |   |         | (775,179 | ) |   |   | (301,930 | ) |   |   | (460,337 | ) |   |   | (521,849 | ) |   |   | (639,651 | ) |
| Less:                                                                           |   |         |     |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| Non-controlling interest                                                        |   |         | 1,480    |   |   |   | (2,250 | ) |   |   | 2,421 |   |   |   | 4,985 |   |   |   | 5,338 |   |
| Equity investee (income) loss                                                   |   |         | -        |   |   |   | - |   |   |   | - |   |   |   | - |   |   |   | - |   |
| Fixed charges                                                                   |   |         | 967,019  |   |   |   | 885,254 |   |   |   | 954,836 |   |   |   | 1,035,230 |   |   |   | 1,067,349 |   |
| Less:                                                                           |   |         |     |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| Capitalized interest                                                            |   |         |     |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| Earnings                                                                        |   |         | 190,360  |   |   |   | 585,574 |   |   |   | 492,078 |   |   |   | 508,396 |   |   |   | 422,360 |   |
| Ratio of earnings to fixed charges                                              |   |         | (N/A     | )(B) |   |   | (N/A | )(B) |   |   | (N/A | )(B) |   |   | (N/A | )(B) |   |   | (N/A | )(B) |

|  (A) | The Company considered one-third of the rent expense as imputed interest factor. |
|-----------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|

|  (B) | Due to the registrant’s loss in 2016, 2015, 2014, and 2013, the ratio of earning to fixed charges was less than 1:1. The registrant must generate additional earnings of $776.7, $299.7 million, $462.8, $526.8 million, and $645.0 million, respectively, to achieve a coverage ratio of 1:1. |
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