If this opinion indicates that it is “FOR PUBLICATION,” it is subject to 

revision until final publication in the Michigan Appeals Reports.

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S T A T E O F M I C H I G A N

C O U R T O F A P P E A L S

CENTRIA HOME REHABILITATION, LLC,

Plaintiff-Appellant,

UNPUBLISHED

October 26, 2023

v No. 363699

Oakland Circuit Court

ALLSTATE INSURANCE COMPANY, LC No. 2021-189203-NF

Defendant-Appellee.

Before: K. F. KELLY, P.J., and JANSEN and CAMERON, JJ.

PER CURIAM.

In this case arising under Michigan’s no-fault insurance act, MCL 500.3101 et seq., 

plaintiff, Centria Home Rehabilitation, LLC (“Centria”), appeals as of right the order granting 

summary disposition in favor of defendant, Allstate Insurance Company (“Allstate”), under MCR 

2.116(C)(10) (no genuine issue of fact). We affirm.

I. BACKGROUND FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

Allstate’s insured, Linda Frisch, was seriously injured in a December 1, 2018 motor vehicle 

accident. Frisch’s injuries left her unable to care for herself. As a result, Centria hired Frisch’s 

daughter, Diana Irons, to provide attendant care services to Frisch. Centria paid Irons a rate of $10

per hour. Frisch assigned to Centria her right to payment for personal protection insurance (PIP) 

benefits. Centria billed Allstate for these services at an hourly rate which exceeded Irons’s $10 

per hour. Allstate partially paid the bill.

Centria filed a complaint seeking payment for the unpaid portion. Allstate moved for 

summary disposition, arguing that the assignment from Frisch to Centria allowed Centria to collect 

PIP benefits provided to Frisch. The assignment, however, did not establish liability against Frisch 

for the increased hourly rate billed to Allstate. According to Allstate, summary disposition was 

appropriate because there was no evidence Frisch incurred charges at the increased rate. The trial 

court agreed and granted summary disposition. Centria moved for reconsideration, but the trial 

court denied the motion. This appeal followed.
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II. PIP BENEFITS

Centria argues the trial court erred in granting summary disposition because it was allowed 

to pursue collection of the unpaid portion of Frisch’s PIP benefits. We disagree.

A. STANDARD OF REVIEW

Allstate moved for summary disposition under MCR 2.116(C)(10), which we review de 

novo. Douglas v Allstate Ins Co, 492 Mich 241, 256; 821 NW2d 472 (2012). “A motion under 

MCR 2.116(C)(10) tests the factual sufficiency of the complaint.” Maiden v Rozwood, 461 Mich 

109, 120; 597 NW2d 817 (1999). Courts should view the facts in a light most favorable to the 

nonmoving party and “[w]here the proffered evidence fails to establish a genuine issue regarding 

any material fact, the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.” Id. Under the 

burden-shifting framework of this rule: 

[T]he moving party has the initial burden of supporting its position by affidavits, 

depositions, admissions, or other documentary evidence. The burden then shifts to 

the opposing party to establish that a genuine issue of disputed fact exists. Where 

the burden of proof at trial on a dispositive issue rests on a nonmoving party, the 

nonmoving party may not rely on mere allegations or denials in pleadings, but must 

go beyond the pleadings to set forth specific facts showing that a genuine issue of 

material fact exists. If the opposing party fails to present documentary evidence 

establishing the existence of a material factual dispute, the motion is properly 

granted. [Quinto v Cross & Peters Co, 451 Mich 358, 362-363; 547 NW2d 314

(1996) (citations omitted).]

Further, this case involves the interpretation of an assignment agreement. Assignment 

agreements are considered contracts, and must be interpreted as such. Burkhardt v Bailey, 260 

Mich App 636, 653; 680 NW2d 453 (2004). “When contractual language is unambiguous, courts 

must interpret and enforce the language as written because an unambiguous contract reflects, as a 

matter of law, the parties’ intent.” Harper Woods Retirees Ass’n v City of Harper Woods, 312 

Mich App 500, 508; 879 NW2d 897 (2015).

B. LAW AND ANALYSIS

A threshold question in this case is the applicable version of the no-fault act. Our 

Legislature made substantial changes to the no-fault act, which became effective June 11, 2019. 

2019 PA 21. Absent explicit language to the contrary, statutes are presumed to operate 

prospectively. See Johnson v Pastoriza, 491 Mich 417, 429; 818 NW2d 279 (2012). Because the 

applicable statutes do not include any explicit language directing retroactive effect, the former 

version of the no-fault act applies to this case.

Centria argues on appeal that it has an independent right of action under MCL 500.3112. 

The earlier version of MCL 500.3112 did not include an independent right of action for healthcare 
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providers.1 But, section 3112 was later amended and, effective June 11, 2019, healthcare providers 

were permitted to “make a claim and assert a direct cause of action against an insurer, or under the 

assigned claims plan under sections 3171 to 3175, to recover overdue benefits payable for charges 

for products, services, or accommodations provided to an injured person.” MCL 500.3112. 

Because the claim arose in 2018, the former version of the statute applies, and there is no 

independent right of action under which Centria can recover. See discussion supra.

Before the amendments to the no-fault act, healthcare providers could seek payment for 

PIP benefits only via an assignment from the injured party to the provider. See Covenant Med Ctr, 

Inc v State Farm Mut Auto Ins Co, 500 Mich 191, 217 n 40; 895 NW2d 490 (2017) (“[O]ur 

conclusion today is not intended to alter an insured’s ability to assign his or her right to past or 

presently due benefits to a healthcare provider.”). 

Here, Frisch executed an assignment agreement to Centria which read, in part:

By accepting services from Centria Home Rehabilitation LLC I and/or 

representatives specifically acknowledge Centria Home Rehabilitation LLC has 

incurred charges for medical services for which payment is due or is past due under 

a policy of insurance. I further acknowledge that these services were provided for 

my benefit and for my care, recovery, and rehabilitation in exchange for the services 

provided, Assignor acknowledges and grants an assignment of any right to enforce 

payment of charges due or past due for medical services, from any policy of 

insurance, including but not limited to both health insurance and no-fault insurance. 

This assignment shall include . . . the right to file a lawsuit to enforce the payment 

of benefits due or past due, and the right to pursue all Assignee’s rights to interest 

and attorney fees that may be part of the available right under any lawsuit. Assignor 

acknowledges that Assignee has not only provided such medical services upon a 

promise of payment by Assignor, and Assignor’s grant of this security interest, but 

Assignee may also assume the burden of enforcement of payment obligations for 

charges, no-fault interest, and attorney fees. This is an assignment to a health-care 

 

1 This earlier version stated, in part:

Personal protection insurance benefits are payable to or for the benefit of an 

injured person or, in case of his death, to or for the benefit of his dependents. 

Payment by an insurer in good faith of personal protection insurance benefits, to or 

for the benefit of a person who it believes is entitled to the benefits, discharges the 

insurer’s liability to the extent of the payments unless the insurer has been notified 

in writing of the claim of some other person. If there is doubt about the proper 

person to receive the benefits or the proper apportionment among the persons 

entitled thereto, the insurer, the claimant or any other interested person may apply 

to the circuit court for an appropriate order. The court may designate the payees 

and make an equitable apportionment, taking into account the relationship of the 

payees to the injured person and other factors as the court considers appropriate. 

[MCL 500.3112, as amended by 2019 PA 21.]
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provider of a health-care insurance receivable and any right to payment on all 

charges by any account debtor insurer. This assignment shall be irrevocable.

Under the plain terms of this agreement, Frisch acknowledged that she incurred some expenses for 

her treatment, and that Centria could seek reimbursement for any allowable expenses. Thus, 

Centria was permitted to stand in Frisch’s shoes and pursue a claim against Allstate for Frisch’s 

PIP expenses.

Allstate moved for summary disposition, arguing the increased hourly rate was not an 

allowable expense because it was not “incurred” by Frisch. An incurred expense “requires some 

degree of liability that exists as a result of the insured’s actually having received the underlying 

goods or services.” Douglas, 492 Mich at 267. In other words, “the insured must have an 

obligation to pay the attendant-care-service providers for their services.” Burris v Allstate, 480 

Mich 1081, 1085 (2008) (CORRIGAN, J., concurring). In support of its assertion that the increased 

hourly rate was not an incurred expense, Allstate attached Irons’s deposition testimony stating she 

was paid $10 per hour to care for Frisch. This evidence established that Frisch’s incurred expenses 

included the wages paid to Irons for personal care services. Allstate also attached the pay logs 

showing the difference between what Centria charged Allstate and what Allstate actually paid, to 

demonstrate that Allstate was billed for services that were not incurred by Frisch.

The burden then shifted to Centria to show at least a question of fact whether Frisch 

incurred expenses related to the increased hourly rate. But Centria’s response to the motion for 

summary disposition did not provide any documentary support for the difference in the hourly rate 

billed to Allstate. Instead, Centria argued that it was entitled to seek compensation on Frisch’s 

behalf. As discussed, this is not in dispute because the plain terms of the assignment agreement 

permitted Centria to pursue reimbursement from Allstate. At issue here is whether Frisch actually

incurred the expenses related to the increased hourly rate. Because Centria failed to provide any 

documentary evidence in support of the increased hourly rate, it failed to meet its burden as the 

nonmoving party. Thus, summary disposition was warranted because Centria did not establish a 

genuine question of fact.

Affirmed.

/s/ Kirsten Frank Kelly 

/s/ Kathleen Jansen 

/s/ Thomas C. Cameron