Federal Register / Vol. 79, No. 155 / Tuesday, August 12, 2014 / Notices 47105 

requirements of Executive Order 12866 

pursuant to Section 6 of that order. 

Paperwork Reduction Act. The 

information collection requirements of 

the GWGP are consistent with the 

Paperwork Reduction Act of 1980, 44 

U.S.C. 3501 et seq. 

Regulatory Flexibility Act. 5 U.S.C. 

601 et seq., requires that EPA prepare a 

regulatory flexibility analysis on rules 

subject to the requirements of the 

Administrative Procedures Act [APA, 5 

U.S.C. 553] that have a significant 

impact on a substantial number of small 

entities. However, EPA has concluded 

that NPDES General Permits are not 

rulemakings under the APA, and are 

therefore not subject to APA rulemaking 

requirements or the Regulatory 

Flexibility Act (RFA). 

Unfunded Mandates Reform Act. 

Section 201 of the Unfunded Mandates 

Reform Act (UMRA), Public Law 104–4, 

generally requires federal agencies to 

assess the effects of their regulatory 

actions (defined to be the same as rules 

subject to the RFA) on tribal, state, and 

local governments and the private 

sector. However, the Idaho GWGP is not 

subject to the RFA, and are therefore not 

subject to the UMRA. 

Appeal of Permit. Any interested 

person may appeal the Idaho GWGP in 

the Federal Court of Appeals in 

accordance with section 509(b)(1) of the 

Clean Water Act, 33 U.S.C. 1369(b)(1). 

This appeal must be filed within 120 

days of the Permit issuance date. 

Persons affected by the Permit may not 

challenge the conditions of the Permit 

in further EPA proceedings (see 40 CFR 

124.19). Instead, they may either 

challenge the Permit in court or apply 

for an individual NPDES Permit. 

Authority: This action is taken under the 

authority of Section 402 of the Clean Water 

Act, 33 U.S.C. 1342. I hereby provide public 

notice of the final Permit action in 

accordance with 40 CFR 124.15(b). 

Dated: August 4, 2014. 

Christine Psyk, 

Associate Director, Office of Water & 

Watersheds, Region 10, U.S. Environmental 

Protection Agency. 

[FR Doc. 2014–19063 Filed 8–11–14; 8:45 am] 

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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 

AGENCY 

[EPA–HQ–ORD–2014–0581; FRL–9915–07– 

ORD] 

Notice of Availability of the Risk 

Assessment Forum White Paper: 

Probabilistic Risk Assessment 

Methods and Case Studies and 

Probabilistic Risk Assessment To 

Inform Decision Making: Frequently 

Asked Questions 

AGENCY: Environmental Protection 

Agency. 

ACTION: Notice of Availability. 

SUMMARY: This notice announces the 

availability of ‘‘Risk Assessment Forum 

White Paper: Probabilistic Risk 

Assessment Methods and Case Studies’’ 

and its companion document 

‘‘Probabilistic Risk Assessment to 

Inform Decision Making: Frequently 

Asked Questions.’’ The drafts were 

released for public comment, and 

externally peer reviewed by experts 

from academia, industry, environmental 

groups, and other government agencies. 

DATES: The document will be available 

for use by EPA risk assessors and other 

interested parties on August 12, 2014. 

ADDRESSES: The Risk Assessment Forum 

White Paper: Probabilistic Risk 

Assessment Methods and Case Studies 

and Probabilistic Risk Assessment to 

Inform Decision Making: Frequently 

Asked Questions are available 

electronically through the EPA Web site 

at http://epa.gov/raf/prawhitepaper/ 

index.htm. 

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Rita 

S. Schoeny, Office of the Science 

Advisor, Mail Code 8105R, U.S. 

Environmental Protection Agency, 1200 

Pennsylvania Ave. NW., Washington, 

DC 20460; telephone number (202) 566– 

1127; fax number (202) 565–2911; or 

email: schoeny.rita@epa.gov. 

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: PRA 

began playing an increasingly important 

role in Agency risk assessments 

following the 1997 release of EPA’s 

Policy for Use of Probabilistic Analysis 

in Risk Assessment at the U.S. 

Environmental Protection Agency and 

publication of the Guiding Principles for 

Monte-Carlo Analysis. PRA was a major 

focus in an associated review of EPA 

risk assessment practices by the Science 

Advisory Board (SAB) (Letter from M. 

G. Morgan and R. T. Parkin, Science 

Advisory Board, to S. Johnson, U.S. 

Environmental Protection Agency. 

February 28, 2007. EPA/SAB–07/003). 

http://yosemite.epa.gov/sab/ 

sabproduct.nsf/55E1B2C78C60

85EB8525729C00573A3E/$File/sab-07- 

003.pdf). Both this white paper and the 

companion FAQ document address 

recommendations on risk assessment 

processes described in the U.S. National 

Research Council’s (NRC) report Science 

and Decisions: Advancing Risk 

Assessment. The white paper and FAQ 

documents were released for public 

comment in September 2009 and 

underwent external peer review in May 

2010. 

PRA is a group of techniques that 

incorporate variability and uncertainty 

into the risk assessment process. PRA 

provides estimates of the range and 

likelihood of a hazard, exposure, or risk, 

rather than a single point estimate. It 

can provide a more complete 

characterization of risks, including 

uncertainties and variability, to protect 

more sensitive or vulnerable 

populations and lifestages. The 

information obtained from a PRA can be 

used by decision makers to weigh risks 

from decision alternatives, or to invest 

in research with the greatest impact on 

risk estimate uncertainty. 

These documents describe how PRA 

can be applied to enhance the scientific 

foundation for decision making across 

the Agency. They were created in 

response to recommendation of 

numerous advisory bodies, including 

the SAB and NRC; these groups 

recommended that EPA incorporate 

probabilistic analyses into Agency 

decision-making processes. This white 

paper and accompanying FAQ explain 

how EPA can use probabilistic methods 

to address data, model, and scenario 

uncertainty and variability by 

capitalizing on the wide array of tools 

and methods that comprise PRA. 

Both documents address issues such 

as variability and uncertainty, their 

relevance to decision making, and the 

PRA goal of providing quantitative 

characterization of the uncertainty and 

variability in estimates of hazard, 

exposure, or risk. The difference 

between the white paper and the FAQs 

document is the level of detail provided 

about PRA concepts and practices and 

the intended audience (e.g., risk 

assessors for the white paper vs. 

decision makers) for the FAQ document. 

Dated: July 31, 2014. 

Robert Kavlock, 

Interim EPA Science Advisor. 

[FR Doc. 2014–19065 Filed 8–11–14; 8:45 am] 

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