[Cite as State v. Wallace, 2011-Ohio-1728.]

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO 

THIRD APPELLATE DISTRICT 

UNION COUNTY 

 

STATE OF OHIO, 

 PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE, CASE NO. 14-10-20 

 v. 

JOHN THURSTON WALLACE, III, O P I N I O N 

 

 DEFENDANT-APPELLANT. 

 

Appeal from Union County Common Pleas Court 

Trial Court No. 09-CR-0135 

Judgment Affirmed 

Date of Decision: April 11, 2011 

 

APPEARANCES: 

Terry K. Sherman and David J. Graeff for Appellant 

David J. Phillips for Appellee 
Case No. 14-10-20 

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PRESTON, J. 

{¶1} Defendant-appellant, John Thurston Wallace, III (hereinafter 

“Wallace”), appeals the Union County Court of Common Pleas’ judgment of 

conviction and sentence. We affirm. 

{¶2} On August 25, 2009, the Union County Grand Jury indicted Wallace 

on three counts, including: count one of rape in violation of R.C. 

2907.02(A)(1)(2), a first degree felony; count two of kidnapping in violation of 

R.C. 2905.01(A)(4), a first degree felony; and count three of abduction in violation 

of R.C. 2905.02(A)(2), (B), a second degree felony. (Doc. No. 1). 

{¶3} On September 4, 2009, Williams appeared for arraignment and 

entered pleas of not guilty. (Doc. No. 5). 

{¶4} A jury trial was held June 2-3, 2010, and, on June 4, 2010, the jury 

returned a guilty verdict on count one but not guilty verdicts on counts two and 

three. (Doc. Nos. 76-78). 

{¶5} On July 23, 2010, the trial court sentenced Wallace to seven (7) years 

imprisonment. (Doc. No. 83). 

{¶6} On August 18, 2010, Wallace filed a notice of appeal. (Doc. No. 89). 

Wallace now appeals raising three assignments of error for our review. We elect 

to address Wallace’s assignments of error out of the order that they appear in his 

brief. 
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ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR NO. II 

WHERE TESTIMONY SHOWS A CONFESSION BY THE 

ACCUSED ADMITTED DURING TRIAL, WAS COERCED, 

PLAIN ERROR RESULTS, SINCE THE INVOLUNTARY 

STATEMENT WAS ADMITTED CONTRA THE FIFTH, 

SIXTH, AND FOURTEENTH AMENDMENTS TO THE 

CONSTITUTION. 

{¶7} In his second assignment of error, Wallace argues that the trial court 

committed plain error and violated his due process rights by allowing his coerced 

and involuntary confession into evidence. 

{¶8} Wallace failed to file a motion to suppress with the trial court in 

accordance with Crim.R. 12(C)(3) and (D); and therefore, has waived all but plain 

error on appeal. Crim.R. 12(H); State v. Daniels, 8th Dist. No. 93545, 2010-Ohio3871, ¶17; State v. Montgomery, 5th Dist. No. 2007 CA 95, 2008-Ohio-6077, ¶43; 

State v. Taylor, 9th Dist No. 22882, 2006-Ohio-2041, ¶17. We recognize plain 

error “‘with the utmost caution, under exceptional circumstances and only to 

prevent a manifest miscarriage of justice.’” State v. Landrum (1990), 53 Ohio 

St.3d 107, 110, 559 N.E.2d 710, quoting State v. Long (1978) 53 Ohio St.2d 91, 

372 N.E.2d 804, paragraph three of the syllabus. For plain error to apply, the trial 

court must have deviated from a legal rule, the error must have been an obvious 

defect in the proceeding, and the error must have affected a substantial right. State 

v. Barnes (2002), 94 Ohio St.3d 21, 27, 759 N.E.2d 1240. Under the plain error 
Case No. 14-10-20 

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standard, the appellant must demonstrate that the outcome of his trial would 

clearly have been different but for the trial court’s errors. State v. Waddell (1996), 

75 Ohio St.3d 163, 166, 661 N.E.2d 1043, citing State v. Moreland (1990), 50 

Ohio St.3d 58, 552 N.E.2d 894. 

{¶9} In order to determine whether a pretrial statement is involuntary, a 

court ‘“should consider the totality of the circumstances, including the age, 

mentality, and prior criminal experience of the accused; the length, intensity, and 

frequency of interrogation; the existence of physical deprivation or mistreatment; 

and the existence of threat or inducement.”’ State v. Brown, 100 Ohio St.3d 51, 

2003-Ohio-5059, 796 N.E.2d 506, ¶13, quoting State v. Edwards (1976), 49 Ohio 

St.2d 31, 358 N.E.2d 1051, paragraph two of the syllabus. An appellate court 

must determine whether the totality of the circumstances surrounding the 

confession indicates that a defendant’s “will was overborne and his capacity for 

self-determination was critically impaired because of coercive police conduct.” 

State v. Hazlett, 3d Dist. No. 8-06-04, 2006-Ohio-6927, ¶13, quoting State v. Otte

(1996), 74 Ohio St.3d 555, 562, 660 N.E.2d 711, citing Colorado v. Connelly

(1986), 479 U.S. 157, 107 S.Ct. 515, 93 L.Ed.2d 473; State v. Dailey (1990), 53 

Ohio St.3d 88, 559 N.E.2d 459, paragraph two of the syllabus. 

{¶10} Wallace alleges that his confession was coerced because: he was 

handcuffed during his interview; he was very upset; and law enforcement officers 
Case No. 14-10-20 

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repeatedly told him that he raped the victim. Since Wallace never filed a motion 

to suppress, the record before this Court is limited. The limited record 

demonstrates that Wallace was thirty-nine (39) years old, did not appear to have 

any mental defects, and had no prior criminal history. The record is not clear 

concerning the intensity of the interview, but it appears that Wallace was 

interviewed a total of three times. (June 3, 2010 Tr. at 241, 245). Wallace appears 

to limit his argument to the first interview that occurred while law enforcement 

officers were executing a search warrant at his house, and he was detained in 

handcuffs seated on his couch. (Id. at 221-22, 229, 298-99); (State’s Ex. 12). 

Before Wallace made any statement, however, law enforcement informed Wallace 

of his Miranda rights, and Wallace waived those rights. (Id. at 299); (State’s Ex. 

12). The record does not demonstrate, nor does Wallace even allege, that law 

enforcement threatened or induced him to make a statement. Although the total 

length of the interview is not known, the transcript of the interview is only twentyone (21) pages long, suggesting a relatively short interview. (State’s Ex. 12). 

Based upon the aforementioned, we cannot conclude that Wallace’s “will was 

overborne and his capacity for self-determination was critically impaired because 

of coercive police conduct.” Hazlet, 2006-Ohio-6927, at ¶13, citations omitted. 

Furthermore, Wallace has not offered any arguments demonstrating that the 

outcome of the proceedings would have been different but for the trial court’s 
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alleged error, and therefore, has failed to demonstrate plain error. Waddell, 75 

Ohio St.3d at 166, citing Moreland, 50 Ohio St.3d 58. 

{¶11} For all these reasons, Wallace’s second assignment of error is 

overruled. 

ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR NO. III 

WHEN THE PRIMARY PURPOSE OF HEARSAY 

STATEMENTS OF THE COMPLAINANT ARE ADMITTED 

FOR INVESTIGATORY PURPOSES, AND THE MEDICAL 

INDIVIDUAL TESTIFYING IS ACTING AS AN AGENT FOR 

LAW ENFORCEMENT, PLAIN ERROR OCCURS, SINCE 

THE HEARSAY TESTIMONY IS CONTRA EVID.R. 803(4), 

AND THE CONFRONTATION CLAUSE OF THE 

CONSTITUTION. 

{¶12} In his third assignment of error, Wallace argues that the trial court 

erred by allowing the victim’s hearsay statements to the emergency room nurse, 

Nicole Murray, into evidence because Murray was acting as law enforcement 

agent when she advised the victim to report the incident to law enforcement.1

 

Wallace also argues that the admission of this testimony violated his Sixth 

Amendment right of confrontation. 

{¶13} As a preliminary matter, we note that appellate counsel conceded at 

oral argument that there was no Confrontation Clause violation in this case 

 

1

 Although counsel for Wallace mentioned the admission of the testimony of several other medical 

providers at oral argument, counsel for Wallace elected not to argue the admission of their testimony in his 

assignment of error. We will address the argument as raised in the assignment of error. See, e.g. App.R. 

16(A)(3), (7); App.R. 12(A)(2). 
Case No. 14-10-20 

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because the victim testified at trial subject to cross-examination. We agree. See, 

e.g., State v. Turks, 3d Dist. Nos. 1-10-02, 1-10-26, 2010-Ohio-5944, ¶13, quoting 

Crawford v. Washington (2004), 541 U.S. 36, 59 124 S.Ct. 1354, 158 L.Ed.2d 

177, fn. 9 (“ * * * when the declarant appears for cross-examination at trial, the 

Confrontation Clause places no constraints at all on the use of his prior testimonial 

statements. * * * The Clause does not bar admission of a statement so long as the 

declarant is present at trial to defend or explain it.”). See, also, State v. Bryant, 

12th Dist. No. 2007-02-024, 2008-Ohio-3078, ¶49. 

{¶14} Next, Wallace argues that Nicole Murray’s testimony concerning 

what the victim conveyed to her in the emergency room was not admissible under 

Evid.R. 803(4). Specifically, Wallace argues that Nicole Murray acted as an agent 

for law enforcement officers since she encouraged the victim to report the incident 

to the police. As such, Wallace argues that the victim’s statements were made 

primarily for a forensic or investigative purpose, not for medical diagnosis and 

treatment. 

{¶15} Murray testified, in pertinent part, as follows: 

Q: Can you tell us, please, what was the chief complaint that you 

noted when [the victim] came in your emergency department 

that day? 

A: She stated I’ve been raped. 

* * * 

Q: Ma’am, after she came in, you indicated her demeanor, what 

she looked like. Can you describe that * * * 
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A: She was very tearful, crying, she hung her head a little bit. 

* * * 

Q: * * * did you contact anyone else after [the victim] came in? 

A: I contacted the victim of crime advocate representative. 

* * * 

Q: Would you explain to the jury, please, what a victims of 

crime advocate, why you contact them and what their role is. 

A: I contacted them because of the patient’s chief complaint. 

Their role is to come in and talk with the patient and discuss any 

further -- if they need any further help with law enforcement or 

anything, crisis support, things like that. 

* * * 

Q: * * * had [the victim] made any complaints of physical -- 

physical complaints to you that you noted in that chart? 

A: She did complain of cramping and pain in the vaginal area. 

Q: Tell us if you would, then, how -- how did you care for her at 

that point? What was the course that you took? 

A: At that point I notified Doctor Seifferth of the patient’s 

complaints, and then medication was ordered and administered. 

* * * 

Q: * * * when [the victim] first came into the emergency room, 

did you have discussions with her regarding reporting this event 

to law enforcement? 

A: I did. I encouraged her to report it. 

Q: And at that time did you note whether or not she was willing 

to report this event to law enforcement? 

A: She was not at that time, but she did want to speak with 

VOCA. 

Q: All right. So when she came into the emergency room she 

was not willing, at least at that point, to contact law 

enforcement? 

A: Correct. 

Q: Tell us, if you would as you recall, did that continue for some 

period of time? 

A: It did. I continued until -- well, I went off duty at 6:11, and at 

that point in time she was still debating whether to contact law 

enforcement. 
Case No. 14-10-20 

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Q: So at least by 6:00 the next morning she had not decided 

what -- whether or not to contact law enforcement during your 

shift; is that right? 

A: Correct. 

Q: Ma’am, if you would, did she continue to complain of 

physical problems while she was under your care? 

A: She did. She continued to complain of vaginal pain. 

* * * 

Q: And did you continue to encourage her in any way? 

A: I did continue to encourage her to report to law enforcement. 

(Tr. at 108-118). 

{¶16} Wallace never objected to Murray’s testimony, and therefore, has 

waived all but plain error on appeal. (June 2, 2010 Tr. at 108-120). See, e.g., State 

v. Dickinson, 3d Dist. No. 11-08-08, 2009-Ohio-2099, ¶27, citing State v. 

Wegmann, 3d Dist. No. 1-06-98, 2008-Ohio-622, ¶106. Furthermore, “decisions 

regarding the admissibility of evidence are within the sound discretion of the trial 

court and will not be reversed absent a showing of an abuse of discretion.” State v.

Stewart, 3d Dist. No. 13-08-18, 2009-Ohio-3411, ¶¶79, 97, citations omitted. An 

abuse of discretion “connotes more than an error of law or judgment; it implies 

that the court’s attitude is unreasonable, arbitrary, or unconscionable.” State v. 

Adams (1980), 62 Ohio St.2d 151, 157, 404 N.E.2d 144. 

{¶17} Hearsay is “a statement, other than one made by the declarant while 

testifying at the trial or hearing, offered in evidence to prove the truth of the matter 

asserted,” and is generally inadmissible. State v. Rollison, 3d Dist. No. 9-09-51, 
Case No. 14-10-20 

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2010-Ohio-2162, ¶33, quoting Evid.R. 801(c). Evid.R. 803, however, contains an 

exception for “[s]tatements made for purposes of medical diagnosis or treatment 

and describing medical history, or past or present symptoms, pain, or sensations, 

or the inception or general character of the cause or external source thereof insofar 

as reasonably pertinent to diagnosis or treatment.” Evid. R. 803(4). 

{¶18} Murray’s testimony was properly admitted as statements made by the 

victim for purposes of medical diagnosis or treatment. Evid.R. 803(4). The 

victim’s statement that she had been “raped” to Murray, who was an emergency 

room nurse, was made for the purposes of medical diagnosis and treatment. State 

v. Wade, 9th Dist. No. 02CA0076-M, 2003-Ohio-2351, ¶6. A victim’s statement 

that she had been raped is relevant for medical diagnosis and treatment, because it 

directs medical providers to examine the genital areas for physical injury, 

administer a pregnancy test, and prescribe medications for the prevention of 

sexually transmitted diseases, to name a few. (See June 2, 2010 Tr. at 155-57). A 

patient’s statements concerning how the alleged rape occurred can be relevant to 

show the “general character of the cause or external source thereof insofar as 

reasonably pertinent to diagnosis or treatment.” Evid.R. 803(4). For example, the 

victim’s statements may guide medical personnel to the particular area(s) of the 

victim’s body to be examined for injury, as well as indicate which areas may need 

more immediate treatment than others. (June 2, 2010 Tr. at 157-58). State v. 
Case No. 14-10-20 

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Menton, 7th Dist. No. 07 MA 70, 2009-Ohio-4640, ¶51 (“* * * the description of 

how the [sexual] assault took place, over how long of a period, how many times a 

person was hit, choked or penetrated, and what types of objects were inserted are 

all specifically relevant to medical treatment. They are part of the medical history. 

They are the reason for the symptoms. They let the examiner know where to 

examine and what types of injuries could be latent.”). Murray’s testimony that the 

victim stated she had cramping and pain in her vaginal area was properly admitted 

since it concerned the victim’s statements concerning “present symptoms, pain, or 

sensations.” Evid.R. 803(4). Therefore, the trial court did not abuse its discretion 

by allowing Murray’s testimony. 

{¶19} Wallace’s argument that Murray acted as a law enforcement agent 

and obtained statements from the victim primarily for forensic purposes lacks 

merit. Wallace’s argument is relevant to whether or not the victim’s statements 

were testimonial for purposes of the Confrontation Clause, but Wallace has 

already conceded that no Confrontation Clause violation occurred herein. State v. 

Arnold, 126 Ohio St.3d 290, 2010-Ohio-2742, 933 N.E.2d 775. Furthermore, we 

have already determined that the statements were made for purposes of medical 

diagnosis or treatment. Finally, Murray was not acting as an agent of law 

enforcement simply because she encouraged the victim to report the incident to 

law enforcement. Notably, the victim had not yet decided to contact law 
Case No. 14-10-20 

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enforcement when Murray obtained the statements. Therefore, we cannot 

conclude that Murray obtained the statements primarily for forensic purposes 

when it was unclear whether or not the victim was going to contact law 

enforcement. 

{¶20} Wallace also cites State v. Dever, State v. Muttart, and In the matter 

of Ferrin J. Hopson for the proposition that the trial court should have examined 

several factors for determining whether the victim’s statement was reliable. 

(1992), 64 Ohio St.3d 401, 596 N.E.2d 436; 116 Ohio St.3d 5, 2007-Ohio-5267, 

875 N.E.2d 944; 3d Dist. No. 9-01-54, 2002-Ohio-1293. However, the present 

case is distinguishable from those cases, because the declarant here is not of tender 

years like the declarants in those cases. In fact, the Court in Dever specifically 

limited its holding to declarants of tender years. 64 Ohio St.3d at 412. Therefore, 

Wallace has failed to demonstrate error in the admission of the victim’s statements 

on this basis. 

{¶21} Even if we were to find that Murray’s testimony was inadmissible 

hearsay, which we do not find, the error would be harmless. “Any error in the 

admission of hearsay is generally harmless where the declarant of the hearsay 

statement is cross-examined on the same matters and the seemingly erroneous 

evidence is cumulative in nature.” In the Matter of: M.E.G., 10th Dist. Nos. 06AP1256, 06AP-1257, 06AP-1258, 06AP-1263, 06AP-1264, 06AP-1265, 2007-Ohio-
Case No. 14-10-20 

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4308, ¶32, citations omitted. Here the victim was present at trial and subject to 

cross-examination, and the evidence is cumulative in light of the victim’s and 

other medical providers’ testimony at trial. (June 2, 2010 Tr. at 108-20, 124-46, 

147-78, 194-200, 249-64). 

{¶22} Finally, Wallace has not offered any arguments demonstrating that 

the outcome of the proceedings would have been different but for the trial court’s 

alleged error, and therefore, has failed to demonstrate plain error. Waddell, 75 

Ohio St.3d at 166, citing Moreland, 50 Ohio St.3d 58. 

{¶23} For all these reasons, Wallace’s third assignment of error is 

overruled. 

ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR NO. I 

THE COURT ERRED BY IMPOSING A PRISON SENTENCE 

GREATER THAN THE STATUTORY MINIMUM WITHOUT 

THE ESSENTIAL FINDINGS OF FACT ENUMERATED IN 

O.R.C. 2929.14(B)(1) AND (2). 

{¶24} In his first assignment of error, Wallace argues that the trial court 

erred by imposing a sentence greater than the minimum without making R.C. 

2929.14(B)(1)-(2) findings. Specifically, Wallace argues that Oregon v. Ice

(2009), 555 U.S. 160, 129 S.Ct. 711, 172 L.Ed.2d 517 now requires trial courts to 

make R.C. 2929.14(B)(1)-2) findings. 
Case No. 14-10-20 

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{¶25} The Ohio Supreme Court has held that R.C. 2929.14(B) was 

unconstitutional and has excised that provision from R.C. 2929.14 in State v. 

Foster, 109 Ohio St.3d 1, 2006-Ohio-856, 845 N.E.2d 470, ¶¶61, 83, 97. 

Following the briefing in this case, the Ohio Supreme Court released State v. 

Hodge, 128 Ohio St.3d 1, 2010-Ohio-6320, 941 N.E.2d 768, which held “that * * 

* Oregon v. Ice does not revive Ohio’s former consecutive-sentencing statutory 

provisions, R.C. 2929.14(E)(4) and 2929.41(A), which were held unconstitutional 

in State v. Foster.” Hodge, 2010-Ohio-6320, at ¶39. Of significance to this case, 

the Court in Hodge specifically noted that “[t]he other stricken provisions [i.e. 

R.C. 2929.14(B)] are not at issue in this case, and the holdings in Foster regarding 

these provisions were not implicated in Ice.” Id. at ¶27. Appellant’s counsel 

conceded at oral argument that his argument in support of his first assignment of 

error was no longer viable in Ohio courts in light of State v. Hodge, and, based 

upon the aforementioned, we agree.

{¶26} Wallace’s first assignment of error is, therefore, overruled. 

{¶27} Having found no error prejudicial to the appellant herein in the 

particulars assigned and argued, we affirm the judgment of the trial court. 

Judgment Affirmed 

SHAW and WILLAMOWSKI, J.J., concur. 

/jlr