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# OAR Box 1394 Prepped by Ollie Stewart



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# 14 ) ll-B- 9 Docket Number: 

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.< P UNITE O STATE S ENVIRONMENTA L PROTECTIO N AGENC Y RESEARC H TRIANGL E PARK . N C 2771 1 OFFICE OF AI R QUALIT

Y PLANNIN G AN D STANOARO

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# I-£-< 7

SE P /

I i.f\\ Mr . Mik e Seymou r Sr . Directo r o f Proces s Developmen t an d Technica l Service s LASC O Bathwar e 325 5 Eas t Miralom a Avenu e Anaheim , C A9280 6 

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Dea r Mr . Seymour : Than k yo u fo r you r comment s o n th e draf t tri p repor t sen t t o yo u o n Jul y6 , 1995 , an d fo r th e update d cop yo f th e emission s dat a attachment . Pe r you r letter s transmittin g thes e items , an d phon e conversation s wit h Madelein e Strum , w e understan d tha t ther e i s n o confidentia l busines s informatio n containe d i n thes e documents . Enclose d fo r you r record s i s a cop yo f th e fina l repor t whic h wa s develope d base d o n you r comments . I f yo u hav e an y question s o r additiona l comments , pleas e contac t Madelein e Stru m a t (919 ) 541-2383 . Sincerely ,
Lind a S . Herrin g Grou p Leade r Coating s an

d Consume r Product s Grou p Enclosur eP. 3

MEMORANDU

M DATE : Augus t

31 . 199 5 SUBJECT : Fina

l Sit e Visi t Repor t - LASC O Bathware , Sout h Boston , Virgini a ES D Projec t

No . 93/5 8 FROM : Madelein

e Stru m 

# '*\%S^ TO : Projec t

Fil e
I . Purpos e T o se e alarg e open molding facilit y i n th e reinforcedplasti c composite s industr y whic h utilize s atherma

l oxidize r fo r reducin g styrene emission s o n th e resin spra y up an dgelcoa t processes . II . Place . Dat e an

dContac t LASC O Bathwar

e Virgini aStat

e Highwa y 93 1 Halifa x Count y Industria l Par k P.O . Bo x 117 7 Sout h Boston , Virgini a24592-117 7 Telephone : (804 ) 572-120 0 Anahei mOffice : (714 ) 99 3 122

0 Fax : (804)572-206 7 Fax : (714)524-878 4 DATE : June 22 , 1995 , 10:00a m- 2:30pm CONTACT : Mik

e Seymour , LASC O Bathwar e (Anahei mOffice ) III . Attendee s Salahudi n Bin-Yusif

, Summe r Intern , U.S . Environmenta

l Protectio n Agenc

y (EPA )P. 4

Danie l Boyd , Consultant

t o Lasc o Bathware , Danie

l P . Boydan

dCompan y Curti s Demuth , Senio

r Environmenta

l Inspector , Departmen

t o f Environmenta

l Quality , Commonwealt

h o f Virgini a Wanit aDunston , Summe

r Intern , U.S . EP

A Scot t Hartman , Plant

Manager , LASCO Bathwar e Norma n Kaplan , Chemica

l Engineer , U.S . EP

A Stephe n McNally , Directo r

o f Governmen

t Affairs , Composit

e Fabricator' s Association (CFA ) Carlo s Nunez , Chemica

l Engineer , U.S . EP

A Mik e Seymour , Sr . Directo r

o f Proces s Developmen

t an dTechnica l Services , LASC O Bathwar e Joh n Schweitzer , Technica

l Director , Composite s Institut e Madelein e Strum , Environmenta

l Engineer, U.S . EP

A Attachmen t 1 contain s acop y ofth e busines s card s o f thos e person s who are no t

fro mEPA . IV . Discussio n Information o n plan

t emission s an

demissio n control s i s provide di

n Attachmen

t 2 , which i s a n update dversio n (sent

b y Mik e Seymou r on Jul y 7 ) fromtha

t originall y providedby LASC O Bathwar e befor e th e sit e visit . Thi s i s discusse

di n mor e deta i i n Section V . Th e visit bega n wit h agenera l discussio n ofth e LASCO Bathwar

e company . The compan y operate s eigh

t facilitie s throughou

t th e countr y - (1 ) Elizabet

h Town , Pennsylvania ; (2 ) Lancaster , Texas ; (3 ) Sout

h Boston , Virginia ; (4 ) Yelm, Washington ; (5 ) Moapa , Nevada ; (6 ) Anaheim, California ; (7 ) Thre e Rivers , Michigan , an d(8 ) Cordele , Georgia . Thre e ofth e facilitie s operat e a n incinerator

(therma l oxidizer)—Tex^ , Virgini aan dPennsylvania . The Sout

h Boston , Virgini aandYelm , Washingto n plant s hav e aful l capacit y productio n line ; tha

t is , they manufactur

e th e ful l line o f LASC O Bathwar

e products . Th

e 28 0 employee s a

t th e Sout h Bosto n plan t includ e 3 7 truc k drivers . Othe

r U.S . companie s tha

t produc e th e sam

e typ e product s an

d ar e o f simila r magnitud e o f productio n includ

e AquaGlass , Carolin aClassic s an dJacuzzi . The plant currentl y operate s tw o distinct

produc t line s an di s plannin

g t o ad dathir dline . Th e tw o line s are : (1 ) gelcoa

t surface dproduct s (t o b e abbreviatedG S line) an d(2 ) acryli c surface dproduct s (t o b e abbreviatedA S line) . Th e thir

dlin e wil l b e th e manufactur

e o f acryli c surface djette dbathtubs . Th e G S lin e produce s 40 0 unit s pe

r day , 20 0 unit s pe

r shift . There ar e tw o shift s (eight hour s each ) pe

r day . Th e A S lin e produce s 16

0 unit s pe r day , operatin g on e shif

t (eigh t hours ) pe r

day . Th e plan

t operate s five day s pe

r week, 5 0 week s pe

r year . Th e first operatio n viewedwas th e acrylic surfac e lin e thermo-forming proces s whic h produce s th e plasti c shell , o r surfac e layer, fo

r th e unitize

d(one piece ) tub/showers . Th e proces s inpu t i s aflat rectangula

r thermoplasti c shee

t (manufacture

db y IC I Chemica

l Company) . Th e shee t i s directe dint

o a n ove n wher e i t i s softene dan dautomaticall

y place don th e mold . Th e mol dcloses , avacuu

mi s pulled , an

dafragil e shel l (unitizedtub/showe

r unit) i s lifte

dfro mth e mold . N o mol

dreleas e i s necessaiy fo

r thi s process . I t

i s presume

dtha t there ar e no hazardou sP. 5

ai r pollutant s (HAP) emittedfromthi s process . The acrylic thermoplasti c surfac e laye r i s a n alternativ e t o th e gelcoate dsurface layer . The acrylic laye

r i s mor e durabl e an

di s abl e t o retain it s glos s ove r th e conventiona

l gelcoatedsurface . LASC O indicate dtha

t i n th e U.S . about

80 % o f tub/shower s are mad

e usin g agelcoate dsurfac e a s oppose dt o a

n acrylic surface , whil e in Europ e th e percentag e i s 10 % gelcoat , 90 % acrylic . The cos t t o produc e a

n acryli c surfacedfiber

reinforce dpar t i s approximatel

y double tha

t o f it s counterpar t gelcoa t surface dpart . On e reaso n i s tha

t th e ra w materia l (acryli c sheet

) i s muc h mor e expensiv e tha

n gelcoat . Th e cos t

t o th e consume

r fo r th e par t i s mor e tha n double . Th e acryli c surfacedpar

t i s easie r fo r th e consume

r t o maintain , i

n par t becaus e th e surfac e laye

r i s thicke r tha n th e gelcoa

t surfacedpar

t (4 5 mil s a s opposedt o 1 5 mil s o f gelcoat) and , i s virtuall

y non-porous . Madeleine indicatedthat

th e manufactur

e o f acrylic surface

dproduct s ca

n b e considereda asourc e reductio n (pollutio n prevention ) measur e ove r th e manufactur

e o f conventiona

l gelcoa t surface dproduct s becaus e i t

involve s bot

h ra w materia l an dproces s change s whic

h eliminat e th e us e o f gelcoat , asourc e o f

styren e emissions . The industr y trade group s questione dthis , sinc e th e gelcoa t surface dproduc t i s differen t fromth e acrylic surface

dproduct . Madelein

e indicated tha t becaus e th e baselin

e fo r th e industr

y i s th e manufactur

e ofth e GS products , th e change from G S t o A S ma y b e consideredsourc e reduction . If th e emissio

n limits were t o b e pose

di n th e unit s o f quantit y o f styrene emitte dper

som e unit o f production , th e A S wouldcertainl y provide credi t a s a n emissio n reductio n alternative . The nex t processe s viewedwere th e resin spra y u p processe s ofth e A

S lin e an dth e gelcoa t andresin spra

y up processe s o f

th e G S line . A schematic ofth e locatio n ofth e processe s an dth e associate dexhaus t

stack s i s providedi

n Attachmen

t 3 . Al l spraying o f

resin , chop an

d gelcoa t i s don e i n spra y booth s except

fo r repai r an dtouc h up , whic

h i s don e off-line . The air temperatur

e i n th e spra y booth s an

dboot h are ai s (a

t aminimum

) 8 5 degree s Fahrenhei

t (F) . I n th e winter , it

i s necessar

y t o hea t th e air t o reach thi s temperature . I n th e summer, th e gelcoa

t an d resin spra y u p line s operate wit

h air temperature s i

n exces s o f

8 5 F (wit h n o heating necessary) . We first viewe dth e par t ofth e A S lin e i n whic h th e resin/cho

p wa s sprayedont

o th e acrylic shell . .Al

l emission s fromthi s proces s are ventedt o th e atmospher e (through stack s o n th e roof) . The acrylic frames ar e manuall y placedo n hanger s on amechanizedoverhea dconveye r line . The piec e i s directedthroug h th e first spra y boot h wher e th e first laminat e (resin/choppe d glass ) i s applied . The operato r doe s no t begi n sprayin g unti l th e par t i s i n th e middl

e sectio n o f th e spra y booth . A secon

doperato r roll s ou t th e laminat

e (eliminatin

g th e ai r bubbles) , an

da s th e piec e loop s aroun

dth e lin e o n th e conveyer , th e laminat e cures . Whe

n th e piec e enter s th e second A S lin e spra y booth , asecondlaminat

e i s applied . Th

e choppe r gun s o n th e A

S lin e ar e al l airles s ai r assis t externa l mi x spra y guns . Th e tw o A

S lin e resin spra

y booth s are identical , an

dar e back-to-back . Thus , th e booth s shar e commo n exhaus t stacks . A s show

n i n attachmen

t 3 , eac h i s 7 2 fee t long , wit h a24-footP. 6

pre-boot h section , a24-foot

middl e (wher e th e spraying take s place ) section , an da24-foo t section wher

e roll ou t take s place . Eac h o f

thes e thre e section s ha s it s own exhaus t stack . Each ofth e thre e exhaus t

stack s i s directedt o th e to p ofth e roo f t o atmosphere . The spra

y boot h i s ope n on tw o end s (t o allo w th e conveye r t o g o through) . On

e "wall " ofth e spra

y boot h consist s o f along filter

tha t collect s th e particulate/choppe dglas s overspray . The othe r wal l ofth e spra

y boot h i s compose do f

aset o f fou r interconnecte dsystem s of

narro w vent s (abou

t thre e fee t high ) tha t exhaus t fresh mak e up ai r int o th e spra y booth . Th

e operator was , i n general , on e an

dahal f t o thre e fee

t fromth e par

t whil e spraying , but

didget a s fa r a s fou r fee t awa y fromth e part . Afte

r roll out , th e par

t continue s on th e conveyer , curing whil e o n rout e t o th e secon

dspra y booth . Between 800 0 t o 1200

0 cubi c fee t pe r minut e (cfin ) ai r move s throug h eac

h exhaus t stack . Becaus e on e exhaus t

stac k serve s tw o booths , between 4000 t o 600 0 cfi n ai r move s throug h each 24-foo t

sectio n o f eac h spra y booth . Th e followin

g schematic of acros s sectio n o f on e o f th e 24-foot

section s display s th e ai

r flow design :



### Fresh ai r ! • > * 

### T o roo f

exhaus tstac k 8000-120,00cf m 

# A 

# A ^ < 

### Fres

h airP. 7

The face velocit

y o f ai r ove r th e part , (base

do n a3-foo

t height , 24-foot

width) range s from5 6 t o 8 3 fee t pe r minute . Vapor suppresse dresin s are not

use do n thi s lin

e (correctio n t o Attachmen

t 2 whic h indicate s al

l resin s usedare vapo r

suppressed) . The

y are no t usedbecaus e th e first

laminat e wouldno t bon dt o th e acryli c surfac e (whic h i s smooth) . Vapor

suppressedresin s ar e no t

use d fo r th e secondlaminat

e du e t o th e nee

dfo r separat e mixin g an dpumpin g equipment . W e next toure dth e G S conveyorizedline . .Al l spra y gun s o n thi s lin

e are airles s (externa

l mix) . Al l resin s use

dare vapo r

suppressed . Ther

e i s no secondar

y bondin g problem , a s th e chop an dfiller, i n combination wit

h th e heatedsurface layer , provide s sufficien t bondin g conditions . Madelein e note dtha

t th e preliminar

y result s fromth e Research Triangle Institut e (RTI ) testin g o f vapor suppressedresin s indicate dtha t the y reduc e emission s b

y approximatel

y 40% . I t i s no t clea r if th e result s o f

thes e test s are transferrable t o LASCO' s facilit y considerin

g th e fac t tha t th e experiments were done wit

h non-fille dresin s an da t amuc h lowe r temperatur

e tha n tha t a t th e LASC O facility . Furthermore , i t appear s tha

t vapo r suppressent s wor

k differentl y wit h differen t resins , an dit i s no t clea r tha t th e resin teste dby RT I wa s th e sam e a s tha t usedb y LASCO . Ther e ar e fou r spra y booth s on th e GS lin

e (gelcoat , barrie

r coat , first

an dsecond laminate) . Th e thir

dlaminat e i s appliedi

n th e sam e boot h a s th e secon

dlaminate . Th e first

an d secon dlaminat e booth s ar e identica

l t o thos e ofth e A

S lin e (7 2 fee t long wit h thre e distinc t

2 4 foot sections , an

dconfiguredback-to-back) , wit h th e exception tha

t th e middl e sectio n ofth e GS booth s are vente dt o th e therma l oxidizer . The gelcoa

t spra y boot h i s 3 4 foo t long , wit h n o distinct sections . .Al

l spra y emission s fromth e gelcoa t boot h are directedt o th e therma l oxidizer . Th e barrie r coa t spra y boot h als o ha s n o distinct

sections . Emission s fromth e barrie r coa t spra y boot h ar e exhaustedt o atmosphere . Th e curing emissions , whic

h ar e likel y smal l relativ e t o th e spra y emission s (especiall

y fo r th e vapor suppressedresins) , tak

e plac e afte

r th e mol dleave s th e middle sectio n ofth e spra

y booth . I t

i s presume

dthat , fo r th e resin spra

y u p booths , mos t

o f » thes e emission s ar

e exhauste ddirectl

y t o th e atmospher

e throug h th e roll-out

are astack . We viewe da n operato r spraying awhit

e gelcoa t onto amold . Becaus e th e mol dwa s slightl y highe r tha n th e operator , th e spra

y gu n ha dt o b e directe dhorizontall

y t o th e surfac e to reach th e to p surfac e ofth e mol d(a s opposedt o th e operato r standing above th e mol

dan d pointing th e gun perpendicula r t o th e mold) . W

e als o viewe

dth e addition o f

variou s reinforcements (plywood , bals awood , corrugate dpaper) t o th e first an dsecon dlaminat e layers .

. Mr . Seymou

r note dtha t th e roomcontaining th e spra y booth s i s a

t negativ e pressur

e wit h respect t o th e outside , an

dtha t eve n wit h th e mak e up ai r vents , abou

t 100 0 cubi c fee

t pe r minut e (cfm ) o f ai r i s bein g pulledint

o th e roomthroug h doors .P. 8

The nex t par t ofth e tou r

wa s th e therma

l oxidize r whic h i s locate doutside th e building . Ther e wa s no detectible odo r

outside ofth e facilit

y (an dw e were onl

y abou t 10 0 fee t o r s o from th e stack s o n th e plan

t roo f whic h wer e exhausting emission s whic h didno t pas s throug h th e therma l oxidizer. ) Th

e therma l oxidize r i s mad e b y Reec o an

di s rate dfo

r 9 5 t o 99 % efficiency . The plan t use s 95 % fo

r it s calculations . The therma l oxidize r wa s running a

t 142 1 degree s Fahrenheit (F) . It idle s a t 100 0 F . The oxidize

r i s ofth e regenerativ e typ e (cerami c beads) . The oxidize r ha s bee n i n operatio n sinc e plan

t start-up i n 1986 . I t ha s neededmaintenance , suc h a s replacemen

t o f som e valves . The incinerato

r a t th e LASCO Bathwar

e Texa s facility , als o aReec o regenerativ e type , need s t o b e replaced . (I t ha s ha da10-yea r equipmen t life. ) The flo w rat e throug h th e therma

l oxidize r i s 17,00 0 cubi c fee t pe r minut e (cfm) . Base

d o n a77.3 4 lb s styren

e pe r hour rate t o th e oxidize

r (providedi

n Attachmen

t 2 ) an da n ai r temperatur

e o f 9 0 F , th e concentratio n o f

styren e i n th e ai r directe dt o th e therma

l oxidize r i s approximatel

y 29 0 pp m(Note : th e molecula

r weigh t o f styrene i s 104.1 4 gram s pe r mote) . Thi s calculatio n i s presentedi

n Section I V o f thi s report . Th

e oxidize r inlet/outlet

concentration s wer

e neve r teste dat th e LASC O Sout

h Bosto n Plant . Result s on destructio n efficienc y fromth e LASC O Lancaste

r Texa s plan

t wer e usedt o estimat

e these , sinc e thi s plan

t i s identica l t o th e Sout h Bosto n plant . Th e nex t par t ofth e tou r

wa s th e pum

p room . The tw o "da

y tanks " i n th e pum p room , whic h suppl y resi n t o th e spra

y guns , ar e vente dt o th e therma

l oxidizer . Th e mixers , i

n whic h fillers wer e addedt o th e resin , are vente dt o adus t collector , bu t

no t t o th e therma

l oxidizer . Thi s i s acorrectio n t o th e attachment , whic h initiall y indicatedth e mixin

g tank s wer

e ventedt o th e therma l oxidizer . Th e final par

t ofth e tou r

wa s gelcoa

t an dresi n storag e room . Gelcoa

t i s deliveredt o th e spra y gun s straigh

t fromth e drums . Th e resi n i s store di n tanks . There are tw o 5000 gallon tank s andthre e 10,000 gallo

n tanks ; the

y ar e al l vente dt o th e therma

l oxidizer . Afte r th e tour there wa s additiona

l discussion ofth e LASC O Bathwar e operation . It

wa s note dtha t LASC O ha

darelativel

y hig h tec h proces s a s comparedt o other operation s tha

t produce dtub/showers . I t

wa s believedtha

t th e operatio n wa s als o th e mos t efficien t i n term s of tim e t o produc e th e product . .A n entir e GS produc t

take s onl y 12 0 minute s (fro

mgelcoa t spra y t o thir dlaminat e application) . Eac

h spra y applicatio n take s betwee

n on e t o tw o an

dahal f minutes ; thus , th e fou

r spra y application s tak

e about te n minutes , an

dth e tim e i n between operation s i s about 11 0 minutes . Wit h regar dt o comparing emission s fromth e A S t o th e G S lines , i

t wa s notedtha

t befor e control , th e AS styren

e emission s wer

e 22.8 2 pound s (lbs ) pe

r hour a s compare dwit

h 10 5 lb s pe r hour fromth e GS line , an

dth e GS lin

e produce s abou

t twic e a s much . Later , tha

t 22.8 2 lb s pe

r hour wa s qualifie

da s being avalue fromanothe r plant , an dtha t emission s were 22.8 2 lb s / h r dividedby 66 3 squar

e foo t pe r hou r = 0.034 4 lb s pe

r squar e foot . Basedo n th e yearl

y squar e footag e produce da

t th e Sout h Bosto n Plant , emisison s wer e abou t 12 7 lb s pe r hour . Fo r

th e G SP. 9

line , emission s pe

r hour are larger , bu t

th e squar e footag e i s considerabl

y less . I t wa s note dtha

t ofth e 10 5 lb s pe r hour approximatel

y 2 4 lb s pe r hou r i s attribute dt o th e gelcoa

t operation . Becaus e LASC O keep s trac k ofth e squar

e footag e of

product , they ca

n calculat e thei r emission s pe

r squar e foot . A s providedi

n Attachmen

t 2 , LASC O produce s 7,312,71 3 sq ft pe r yea r fo r th e gelcoa

t surfacedproductio n lin

e an d 7.385,19 7 s q ft

pe r yea r fo r th e acryli c surface

d productio n line . Da n Boydpresente dinformatio n regardin g styrene an

dth e occupationa

l exposure t o styrene a t th e LASC O facility . (Thi s i s containe di n attachmen

t 4) . I V Emissions

/ Emission Reduction calculation s Emission calculation s an

dadditiona

l dat aon th e resin

/ gelcoa t material s use dare provided i n Attachmen

t 2 . They ar e basedo n emission s testin g which wa s performe do n a n identica l plan t i n 1984 using Metho d25 . Mik e Seymou r provide dacop y o f

thi s tes t report , which i s i

n ou r Confidentia

l Busines s Information office . Calculation o f

concentratio n o f

styrene a t th e inle t ofth e therma

l oxidize r 77.3 4 lbs/h

r * lmin/17,00 0 ft 1 * lftV2.83E-2m J * lhr/60mi n * 45 4 g/l

b = 1.216 4 g/m J 1.216 4 g/m J * (82.0 6 cm

3 atm / mo l K ) *(30 5 K/1. 0 atm)*( l mol/104.1 4 g ) = 29 2 cmVrn 3 = 292ppm Calculatio n o f

emission reductio n du e t o therma l oxidizer : Give n (Attachmen

t 2) : Tota l styrene emission s pe

r yea r = 125,572. 9 + 254,305. 3 = 379,878. 2 pounds/ yr And , fromth e non - incineratedbooth s = 111,145. 2 + 254,305. 3 = 365,450. 5 pounds/y r Basedo n a95 % reductio n o f emission s fo

r th e incinerate d(oxidized

) emissio n points , th e overal

l emissio n reductio n achievedb

y usin g th e therma

l oxidize r i s 100 % - 100%*[379,878/(365,45 0 + 14,427/0.05) ] = 42% . Th e amoun

t o f styren e destroye dis : 14,427/0.0 5 = 288,54 0 lbs/yea r = 144.27 ton s per

year . Calculatio n of

emission reductio n du e t o therma l oxidize r an d us e o f vapo r suppresse dresin s o

n GS lin e Assum e tha t vapo r suppresse dresin s achiev e a40 % reductio n ove r no n suppressed . Assum e 65 % ofth e incinerate demission s are fro mth e gelcoa

t (whic h i s no t suppressed) , an

dP.1 0

35 % are fromth e laminatin g resin 100 % -100%*{379,878/[( 1 ll,145.2/.6 ) +254305. 3 +(.35)*(14,427/0.05/.6) + (.65)*(14427/0.05) ] } = 52 % Calculatio n o f

emission s pe r

unit o f ra w materia l used: . GELCOAT : Base do n agelcoa t emissio n rate o f 2 4 pound s pe

r hour , 400 0 hr s pe

r yea r o f operation , an

da95 % overall gelcoa

t contro l efficiency , th e emission s i n lb s styrene pe r

l b gelcoa t use dis : 2 4 lbs/h r * 0.0 5 * 400 0 hrs/y

r *(l/958,27 9 lb s gelcoat

) = 0.00 5 lb s pe

r lb . RESIN : Emission s fromresin s o n th e A S lin e ar e 254,30 5 lb s pe

r year . Emission s fromresin s on th e G S lin e ar e basedo n abefor

e therma l oxidize r styrene emissio

n rat e 14,427/0.0 5 = 28854 0 lb s pe r yea r fromlaminating resin an

dgelcoat . Of

that , 24*4000 lbs/yea

r i s gelcoat , whic h leave s laminating resin emission s (befo r th e therma

l oxidizer ) a t 192540 lb s pe r

year . Laminating emission s afte

r th e therma

l oxidize r are 962 7 lb s pe r

year . Tota

l resin emisison s ar e the n 111,145. 2 + 962 7 + 254,30 5 = 37507 7 lb s per year . Thus , {37507 7 lb s styrene/yr } * [l/(5,540,373)lb s resin/yr ] = 0.06 8 lb s styrene pe

r poun dresin (unfilled ) used . TOTAL : On atotal resin/gelcoa t materia l usag e basis , emission s are : 379,8781b s styren e /(5,540,373+958279 ) = 0.05 8 lb s styrene pe r l b resin+gelcoa

t Calculatio n o f

emission s per

uni t o f production : Base do n aproductio n rat e o f 7,312,71 3 s q f

t pe r yea r (GS ) plu s 7,385,19 7 sq ft

pe r yea r (AS ) = 14,697,910 , an

datotal emission s o f

379,878. 2 pounds/

yr , 0.02 6 lb s o f

styrene pe r

square foot (10 9 g/m2 ) are emitted .P.1 1 

# iT/tfeff/V^ T I

Composites •** 703-524-333 2 

### H f Fabricators r*703-524-2W r

### & r Associatio n Stephen McNally Dinctor d Government

Main 1735North lynn Street. Suite 950. Arlington. Virginia 22209-2022

Joh n Schweitze r Technica l Directo r 144 1 Whit e Stree t An n Arbor , M l 4810 4 (313 ) 668-470 3 fa x (313)668-470 8

S I ADmimorTbeSodayafdieMmioladua-i- , lo c Danie l P . Boyd , Ph.D . DANIEL P. BOY

D tc COMPAN

Y 

## -£}*>* . Wy e Ha U \ y blan d 50 5 Wye Ha

H Dr . Qucenstown . M

D 2165 8 Phone (410 ) 827-624 4 FA X (410 ) 827-758 9

TEL : «>*-382-St2 0 FA X 804-382-812 3 CURTI S L . DEMUTH SENIO RENVIRONMENTA L INSPECTO R DEPARTMEN T O F ENWRONMENTA L QUAUT Y COMMONWEALT H O F VmSINI A LYNCHBUR G AI R OFFIC E 7T01-O S TW8ERLAI S ROA O LYNCHBURG . VIRGINI A 2430 2 PRINTE D O N RECYCLE D PAPE R

MTHWAR E 32S S Eas t Miralom a Avenu e Anaheim . C A 9280 6 TE L (714 ) 993-1220 . CX

L 27 5 FA X (714 ) 524-878 4 M. WM . "MIKE " SEYMOU

R Sr . Directo r o f Proces s Developmen

t an d Technica l Service s 

# LASC O BATHWAR E Virgini a Stat e Highwa y 93 1 Halifa x Count y Industria l Par k P.O . Bo x 117 7 Sout h Boston. V

A 24592-117

7 TE L (804 ) 572-1200 FA X (804 ) 572-206

7 SCOT

T HARTMA

N Plan tManage rP.1 2 

# f^Ha^WA' t°^

U.S . EP A / LASC O Bathwar e Sout h Bosto n Plan t Visi t Thursda y Jun e 22,199 5

1 . Wha t i s th e numbe r o f employee s a t th e Sout h Bosto n facility ? LASCO Bathware's

South Boston facUity employs

a total of 280 people, which

includes

all management

and office staff personnel, as well as, plant

personnel

and truck drivers. Our

South Boston facility is also one ofthe top 10 employers within

the South Boston, Halifax County area, with

respect to total number employed. 2 . Wha t i s you r lates t calculatio n o f styren e emission s an d th e methodolog y used ? The methodology

used in our detennination

of styrene emissions

is EPA Method

24A FID

and EPA Method

25. Based

upon the results of these tests and subsequent

analysis, our

latest calculations

for styrene emissions

at the South Boston facility are as follows: GELCOAT

SURFACED

PRODUCTION

LINE - 7.312.713

soft Per Year Application/Process

Booth Stvrene Pounds Per Year All Incinerated

Booths 14,427.70 All Non-Incinerated

Booths 111.145.20 Total Styrene Emissions/Year

125.572.90 #/Yr ACRYLIC

SURFACED

PRODUCTION

LINE - 7.385.197

soft Per Year Application/Process

Booth Stvrene Pounds Per Year All Non-Incinerated

Booths 254.305.30 Total Styrene Emissions/Year

254,305.30 

# 1°P.1 3

3 . Wha t proces s typ e i s involve d i n th e manufactur e o f eac h product ? South Boston's

primary manufacturing

site operates

two (2) independent

production

lines, one

(1) production

Une dedicated

to the manufacture

of gelcoat surfaced

fiberglass

reinforced

products

(tubs, showers & unitized

tub/showers)

and, one

(1) production

line dedicated

to the manufacture

of thermoformed

acrylic surfaced fiberglass

reinforced

products

(unitized

tub/showers). At our secondary

manufacturing

site, we operate a single production Une dedicated

to the manufacture

of thermoformed

acrylic surfaced

fiberglass

reinforced

products

(Jetted tubs). The Open Mold spray-up

process

is utilized in the manufacture

of all three (3) of our product lines. Additionally, the hand lay-up process

is utilized in the construction

of production

molds/tooling

and, in repair of any sub-standard

manufactured

product. 4 . Wha t proces s type s ar e bein g controlled ? The Open Mold spray-up

and hand lay-up processes

are controlled and, no other composites

processes

are utilized in our manufacture

of FRP products. 5 . Wha t quantit y o f resi n (pe r year ) i s used ? Three (3) different

resin products

are utilized in the production

of our three product lines. All

three resin products

are vapor suppressed. Resins: Pounds Used x Laminating

Resin 3,523,593 lbs Barrier-Coat

Resin -nerN/non r 427,005 lbs CScrAicTmmatl^R^^

< .n^TcL. J 1.589.775lbs Total Resin ouppres^ a 5.540.373 lbs (j^LC -TrfpfepocV J 6 . Wha t quantit y o f gelcoa t (pe r year ) i s used ? Total gelcoat pounds used equal: Gelcoat: Pounds Used Gelcoats

958.279 lbs Total Gelcoat 958.279 lbsP. M

7 . Wha t percen t fille r i s used ? All LASCO facilities

utilize in their manufacture

of gelcoat surfaced reinforced

products

five (5) separate

spray-up

appUcations, with

five (5) separate

spray-up

material

formulations. The

following

is a breakdown

of the five (5) spray-up

applications

and their respective formulation

filler percentages. GELCOAT

SURFACED

PRODUCTS As Used/Processed

(spray-up): Application/Process

Booth Gelcoat Spray-up Barrier-Coat

Spray-up First Laminate

Spray-up Second Laminate

Spray-up Third Laminate

Spray-up Formulation Filler Percentage 25.00% (by mfg) 55.00% 61.00% 63.00% 60.00% The acrylic surfaced

products

manufactured, utilize two (2) spray-up applications

witfi a single (1) spray-up

material

formulation

in both. ACRYLIC

SURFACED

PRODUCTS As Used/Processed

(spray-up): Application/Process

Booth First & Second Laminate

Spray-up Formulation Filler Percent 52.33% 8 . Wha t i s th e styren e percen t o f th e resi n (afte r fille r and/o r additiona l styren e i s added) ? All LASCO facilities

utiUze in their manufacture

of gelcoat surfaced reinforced

products

five (5) separate

spray-up

applications, with

five (5) separate

spray-up

material

formulations. The

following

is a breakdown

of the five (5) spray-up

applications

and their respective formulation

styrene percentages. Note: The formulation

styrene percentages

were calculated using the most recent baseUne

data supplied

in the accompanying

resin supplier

QuaUty Control Reports

and Material Safety Data Sheets (see Appendix

A). 

# I IP.1 5

GELCOAT

SURFACED

PRODUCTS As UsedfProcessed

(sprayup): Anolhation/Process

Booth Formulation Stvrene Percent Gelcoat Spray-up

36.41 % Barrier-Coat

Spray-up

20.25% First Laminate

Spray-up

18.72% Second Laminate

Spray-up

17.76% Third Laminate

Spray-up

19.20% The acrylic surfaced

products

manufactured, utilize two (2) spray-up applications

with a single (1) spray-up

material formulation

in both. ACRYLIC

SURFACED

PRODUCTS As Used/Processed

(spray-up): Application/Process

Booth Formulation Stvrene Percent First & Second Laminate

Spray-up

21.60% 9 . Wha t i s th e styren e percen t o f gelcoat ? The styrene percentage

of the gelcoats

supplied

to the South Boston facility are 36.41 %, as

stated in our suppliers

most recent Quality Control Reports and Material

Safety Data Sheets (see Appendix

B). 10 . Wha t percen t resi n supplie d t o th e plan t i s use d fo r eac h proces s (exclud e compressio n molding) ? As previously

identified, LASCO

utilizes numerous

individual

spray-up applications

and formulations. Here

is a percentage

breakdown

of the total pounds of resin thru-put

by application/process

booth. GELCOAT

SURFACED

PRODUCTS Application/Process

Booth Pounds

Resin Thru-Put

by Percent All Gelcoats:

Pounds Percent Gelcoat Film Spray-up

Booth 958,279 100% 

## \lP.1 6

Barrier-Coat

Resin: Barrier-Coat

Film Spray-up

Booth 427,005

100% Laminating

Resin: 1st, 2nd & 3rd Lam. Spray-up

Booths 3,502,451 99.4% Repair/Rework

Spray/Hand

Lay-up 21,142

.6% ACRYLIC

SURFACED

PRODUCTS Application/Process

Booth Pounds

Resin Thru-Put

bv Percent Acrylic Laminating

Resin: Pounds Percent First Laminate

Spray-up

794,887.5 50%-

• Second Laminate

Spray-up

794,887.5 50% 1 1 . Wha t percentag e o f resi n withi n eac h proces s typ e i s associate d wit h th e us e o f a n add-on ? GELCOAT

SURFACED

PRODUCTS Application/Process

Booth Percentage

of Resin Thru Add-on Gelcoat Film Spray-up Barrier-Coat

Film Spray-up Laminating

Resin: First Laminate

Spray-up Second Laminate

Spray-up Third Laminate

Spray-up Repair/Rework

Spray/Hand

Lay-up ACRYLIC

SURFACED

PRODUCTS Pounds Percept 100% 0% 100% 100% 100% 0%

Application/Process

Booth Percentage

of Resin Thru Add-on First Laminate

Spray-up Second Laminate

Spray-up Pounds Percent 0% 0%



### 14 -P.1 7

12 . Wha t i s th e inle t concentratio n o f styrene ? Outlet ? Based on our most recent data, the

inlet concentration

of styrene emissions

to the incinerator

is 77.34 pounds per hour. Outlet concentrations

based on a 95% destmction

efficiency

is 3.87 pounds per hour. Note: The thermal incinerator

is identified

as a Reeco Re-Therm Model E Thermal Oxidation

System. The

Reeco incinerator

is rated for an input of 17,345 SCFM @ 90 F. and lists a minimum

destruction efficiency

of 95%. The

maximum

destmction

efficiency

rating is 99%. These

destmction

efficiency

ratings were supported

by Reeco Company

data and actual field monitoring

of a similar unit. 1 3 . Wha t specifi c emissio n point s i n th e proces s ar e bein g controlle d b y th e oxidize r (e.g. , storag e tan k (s) , mixin g vessels , etc.) ? GELCOAT

SURFACED

PRODUCTION

LINE Production/Process

Booth Controlled Source & Percentage Gelcoat Film Spray Booth Barrier-Coat

Film Spray Booth First Laminate

Spray Booth Second Laminate

Spray Booth Third Laminate

Spray Booth Gelcoat Storage Room L. Mixing

& Holding

Tanks (GC & ACR) res

luuyb

\ 

## -fT MiX//\/ 6 -hW/ S not \jQjr.kA hMGi&rcUor

istp -trip ncfiort) ACRYLIC

SURFACED

PRODUCTION

LINE L^ ' r~ ^ 7 Production/Process

Booth Controlled Source & Percentage To Incinerator

Percent First Laminate

Spray-up

No 0% Second Laminate

Spray-up

No 0% 14 . Wha t i s th e captur e efficienc y fo reac h emissio n poin t vente d t o a n add-on ? All LASCO plants operate with ventilation

systems

engineered

to create a negative

pressure, with

respect to the outside atmosphere, within all spray-up

and grinding booths and, again

within the entire 

### 5> To Incinerator Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Percent

100% 0% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%P.1 8

plant production

area. Moreover, the

buildings

are kept closed up for the most part. Therefore, it

is our contention

that the capture efficiency

from each production

emissions

source point (spray-up appUcation

booths) is 100%. 15 . I s th e contro l devic e used fo r an y proces s not i n th e reinforced composit e plasti c sourc

e category ? I f so,.wha t percentag e of th e flo wrate t o th e add-o n i s fro m th e reinforce d composites ? The thermal oxidizer in operation

here, is solely used tor the capture and destmction

of styrene emissions

originating

from the spray-up and curing processes

associated

with reinforced

composites. 16 . Wha t i s th e volumetri c flo wrat e throug h th e contro l device ? The Reeco incinerator

is rated for an input flow rate of 17,345 SCFM @90F. 17 . Wha t wa s tfie capita l investmen t fo r th e contro l device ? Wha t i s th e operatin g cost pe r yea r fo r thi s device ? The initial capital investment

for the Reeco Incinerator

was $738,092.00

in 1986 and began operation

in December

of that year. Operating

costs do vary. However, from

information

pulled from our 1995 plant performance

data, the

operating

costs for gas and electricity

were $ 105,582.50

and, maintenance

costs were $ 14,983.20. Note: Currently, LASCO

(Lancaster, Tx.)

is undertaking

a cost analysis to detennine

best long-tenm

approach

to either rebuilding

or replacing Reeco Incinerator. Life

expectancy

without major rebuild or overhauling

ofthe Reeco systems is approximately

8-10 years.



# i tP.1 9



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# /\TTflCH(^e^T H

LASCO BATHWAR E - SOUT H BOSTO N

Presentatio n fo r

UNITE D STATES ENVIRONMENTA L PROTECTIO N AGENC Y

DANIE L P
. BOYD & COMPAN Y Jun e 22 , 199 5


# / 1P.2 2

SUMMAR Y O F STYREN

E PROPERTIE S Th e propertie s o f styrene , th e industria l use s o f th e material , th e fat e o f styren e i n th e environment , a s wel l a s styrene' s healt h effect s an d odo r propertie s ar e reviewe d i n thi s shor t summary . Styren e i s a colorless , refractive , oil yliquid . I t i s th e simples t aromati c compoun d wit h a n unsaturate d sid e chain . Styren e ha s th e chemica l formul a C 6 H S CH=CH 2 . Thi s materia l i s use d t o produc e a multitud e o f usefu l product s includin g pollutio n contro l equipment , fiberglas s boats , recreationa l vehicles , ca r an d bod yparts , tu b an d showe r units , countertops , sinks , industria l pip e an d storag e tanks . I t i s als o use d t o manufactur e polystyren e products , syntheti c rubbe r an d commercia l paint s and coatings . Styren e i s readil yoxidize d i n th e atmospher e byth e predominat e reactio n wit h fre e hydroxy l radicals . Th e hal f lif e i n th e ai r fro mthi s reactio n i s approximatel ythre e hours . Base d o n thi s hal f life , styren e wil l b e deplete d fro mth e environmen t i n approximatel ytwelv e hour s through furthe r degradatio n int o th e benig n products , carbo n dioxid e an d wate r vapor . Th e potentia l healt h effect s o f styren e includ e neurotoxicity , irritatio n an d suspecte d carcinogenicity . Styren e worker s wh o ar e expose d t o level s o f 5 0 pp mfo r a workin g lifetim e shoul d no t experienc e anyadvers e healt h effects . Styren e level s i n th e environmen t ar e order s o f magnitud e lowe r tha n thos e experience d i n th e workplace , henc e n o advers e healt h effect s woul d b e expecte d fro m

environmenta l exposure . Acomprehensiv e evaluatio n o f styrene' s potentia l carcinogeni c propertie s ha s bee n conducted . Fro mth e result s o f thos e studies , n o ris k o f cance r t o th e huma n populatio n woul d b e expecte d a t level s associate d wit h bot h occupationa l o r communit y exposure . A n odo r detectio n limi t ha s bee n experimentall ydetermine d fo r styrene . Th e geometri c mea n valu e i s 0. 3 ppm , an d fo r 95 % o f th e population , th e mos t sensitiv e individua l ca n detec t styren e a t 0.0 2 pp man d th e leas t sensitiv e a t 4. 8 ppm . Styren e i s regulate d base d o n it s neurotoxi c an d irritatio n effects . Styren e ha s no t bee n classifie d a s carcinogeni c byan y agenc yo f th e U.S . Government . O f al l othe r agencie s o n a worl d basis , onl yth e Internationa l Agenc yfo r Researc h o n Cance r (IARC ) ha s classifie d styren e a s "possibl ycarcinogeni c t o 

### 10P.2 3

humans" , it s lowes t ranking . IAR C base d it s decisio n o n limite d anima l dat a an d a concer n fo r th e styren e metabolite , styren e oxide . Mos t state s (37 ) d o no t regulat e styren e a s a carcinogen , an d other s (14 ) hav e n o ai r emissio n limitations . However , severa l state s continu e t o regulat e styren e a s a carcinogen , man ycitin g outdate d EP Adocument s tha t hav e mor e recentl ybee n update d t o exclud e a forma l cance r classification. . Virgini a regulate s styren e i n th e ai r b yusin g th e ACGI H TLV s and applyin g a safet yfacto r o f 500 . Fo r styren e th e annua l maximu m groun d leve l concentratio n i s 0. 1 ppm . Virgini a use s a on e hou r groun d leve l concentratio n o f 2. 5 ppm . Fenc e lin e limit s establishe d b ystate s wh o d o no t trea t styren e a s a carcinogen , fo r exampl e Virginia , provid e a comfortabl e margi n o f safet yt o assur e protectio n o f th e publi c healt h an d th e environment . A t thes e levels , however , a portio n o f th e populatio n wil l detec t th e odo r o f styren e i n th e environmen t som e o f th e time . Base d o n a n overal l revie w o f th e worl d literatur e o n styrene , and th e occupationa l and environmenta l level s establishe d b yth e worl d regulator ycommunity , tha t dat a woul d suppor t a findin g tha t n o healt h risk s shoul d b e associate d wit h styren e concentration s foun d i n occupationa l setting s an d i n th e community .



## l\P.2 4

Leve l (ppm ) STYREN E

REGULATORY , TOXI C .AN D ODO R LEVEL S ACOMP.ARISO

N Basi s an d Descriptio n Regulator y 100. 0 OSHA8 hou r Permissibl e Exposur e Leve l 200. 0 OSHA1 5 minut e Shor t Ter mExposur e Leve l 600.0 0 OSHA5 minut e pea k Environmenta l 0.2 4 0. 1 2.5 0 Advisor y 50. 0 50. 0 100. 0 100. 0 U S EP AReferenc e Concentratio n - lifetim e

Virgini a annua l groun d leve l concentratio n Virgini a on e hou r groun d leve l conc . NIOS H 1 0 hou r Recommende d Envir o Leve l ACGI H 8 hou r Threshol d Limi t Valu e NIOS H 1 5 minut e Recommende d Envir o Leve l ACGI H 1 5 minut e Shor t Ter mExposur e Limi t Toxi c Effec t Level s 100-20 0 Irritatin g t o th e eye s & nos e 200-70 0 Onse t o f sign s & symptom s o f inebriation ,

dizziness , drowsiness , nause a 600-80 0 Stron g & immediat e irritatio n t o eye s &

respiratorytrac t Odo r 0.01 7 Lowes t Leve l o f Detectio n i n literatur e 0.30 4 Leve l a t whic h 50 % o f pane l detec t odo r 0.31 8 Leve l a t whic h 50 % o f pane l detec t odo r 1.9 0 Leve l a t whic h 50 % o f pane l detec t odo r 25. 0 Highes t Leve l o f Detectio n i n literatur e 99. 0 Fain t odo r - no t objectionabl e t o subject s 117. 0 Moderatel ystron g odo r fo r on e subjec t 400. 0 Disagreeabl e odo r Referenc e 29CFR191 0 29CFR191 0 29CFR191 0 IRI S EP A Virgini a DBQ Virgini a DBQ NIOS H ACGI H NIOS H ACGI H WHO , 199 3 ACGI H Patt y Stalke r Nag y Amoor e Dravniek s Verschuere n Stewar t Stewar t Spense r 

# uP.2 5

ENVIRONMENT S FAT E O F STYREN E Styren e i s readil yoxidize d i n th e atmospher e b yfre e hydroxy l radical s an d ozon e (0 3 ) . Th e half-lif e o f styren e i n th e atmospher e du e t o oxidatio n b yhydroxy l radical s wa s estimate d t o b e approximatel y3 hours . Th e half-lif e o f styren e du e t o oxidatio n b y0 3 wa s estimate d t o b e greate r tha n o r equa l t o 9 hours . Styren e i s probabl yno t remove d i n appreciabl e amount s fromth e ai r du e t o destructio n b ysunligh t [re f 9 ] , throug h othe r photochemica l reaction s o r bywe t o r drydeposition . Th e remova l o f styren e an d it s product s fro mai r procee d b ya • serie s o f reactio n steps . Reactio n wit h hydroxy l radical s (OH ) i s considere d t o b e th e majo r remova l proces s fo r aromati c and aliphati c hydrocarbon s i n th e air . Reactio n wit h ozon e als o shoul d b e considere d fo r th e unsaturate d aliphatics , an d reactio n wit h nitrat e radical s fo r unsaturate d aliphatics , th e aliphati c aldehydes , an d th e phenol s an d cresols . Th e OH-aromati c hydrocarbo n reaction , whic h i s stil l no t wel l understood , involve s O H additio n followe d b yopenin g o f th e aromati c rin g t o yiel d aliphati c dicarbony l products . Arecen t revie w b yMarchell o o n th e fat e o f styren e i n ai r provide s th e followin g importan t observations . (1 ) Styren e ha s a hal f lif e i n th e atmospher e o f abou t 3 hours . (2 ) Th e dominan t atmospheri c remova l proces s fo r styren e i s reactio n wit h th e O H radica l t o produc e formaldehyd e an d benzaldehyde . Formaldehyd e i s remove d rapidl yan d ha s a n atmospheri c hal f lif e o f 8 hour s o r les s dependin g o n climati c conditions . Benzaldehyd e react s t o produc e eithe r peroxybenzoy l nitrat e (PBzN ) o r 2-nitrophenol , o r both . PBz Ni s produce d whe n hig h level s o f NO . ar e present . I t convert s rapidl yt o 2
- nitropheno l i n th e presenc e o f exces s NO . 2-nitropheno l react s furthe r o r ma yb e remove d b yphysica l processes . Th e estimate d atmospheri c lifetim e o f 2-nitropheno l i s 1 4 hours . (3 ) Styren e ha s no t bee n foun d t o contribut e t o th e atmospheri c productio n o f th e ey e irritan t an d phytoxi c compoun d peroxyacety l nitrat e (PAN) . (4 ) Th e ey e irritan t peroxybenzoy l nitrate , PBzN , i s produce d fro mstyren e whe n significan t level s o f N0 2 ar e present , e.g . i n area s o f heavyvehicula r traffi c durin g daylight , suc h a s rus h hou r traffi c i n highl yurba n areas . 

### *VbP.2 6

Becaus e o f th e rapi d dispersio n o f styren e i n th e atmospher e fro m styren e manufacturin g an d usin g facilities , th e level s o f styren e foun d i n th e ambien t environmen t ar e ver ysmall , i n th e microgra m quantities . Likewis e th e level s o f formaldehyd e and benzaldehyd e ar e equall ysmall , al l wel l belo w an yknow n healt h effect s level s bysevera l order s o f magnitude . Styren e ha s a ver ylimite d wate r solubilit yan d a hig h volatilit y (hig h vapo r pressure ) a t roo mtemperature . Therefore , styren e i s no t likel yt o occu r i n drinkin g wate r a t appreciabl e concentrations . Asurve yo f 94 5 drinkin g wate r site s around th e U.S . faile d t o revea l a singl e sit e containin g styren e [re f 3] . Anothe r study * o f 10 2 surfac e wate r supplie s and 1 2 ground wate r supplie s als o faile d t o fin d styrene . Styren e i s quickl yvolatilize d fro msurfac e waters . Studie s hav e shown a half-lif e fo r styren e i n surfac e wate r fro m1 t o * 3 hours . Styren e i s easil ybiodegrade d bycommo n soi l an d waterborn e microorganisms . Thi s biodegradatio n ma yoccu r eithe r a s a n aerobi c proces s o r a n anaerobi c process . Aerobi c biodegradatio n i n soi l i s especiall yrapid . On e stud yreveale d tha t 87 % an d 95 % o f styren e adde d t o th e soi l a t a rat e o f 2. 0 g/k g wa s converte d t o C0 2 i n 1 6 week s fo r sand yloa m an d landfil l soil , respectively . A t 5. 0 g/kg , th e conversio n rat e droppe d t o 75 % fo r bot h soils .



### 7, 4P.2 7



### LASC O BATHWARE-SOUT H BOSTO N OCCUPATIONA L EXPOSUR E T O STYREN E B Y JO B CATEGOR Y Decembe r 199 4 - Jun e 199 5 Jo b Categor

y 1 . Ge l Coa

t Gu n Operato r 2 . Laminatio n Gu

n Operato r 3 . Laminatio n Rolle r 4 . Barrie rCoa

t Gu n Operato r 5 . Par t Pulle r 6 . Q C Technicia n 7 . Mixe r 8 . Trimme r 9 . Waxe r 123. 0 90. 4 120. 0 79. 4 35. 3 37. 0 31. 6 46. 0 25. 0 Exposur e (ppm ) n= 5 (88 : 199 ) n=1 7 (37-267 1 n= 6 (92-142 ) n= 5 (61-105 ) n= 2 (32-39 ) n= 4 (23-75 ) n= 5 (15-44 ) n= l n= l Acryli c Lin e 1 . Laminatio n Gun Operato r 2 . Laminatio n Rolle r 25.0 : n= l 42.0 ; n= 2 (41-43 )



# £ *P.2 8



### LASC O BATHWAR E - SOUT H BOSTO N IMPAC T O F INCINERATIO N O N STYREN E EMISSION S

Inc O NIn c OF F %Redctio n V AMGL C (i n microgram s pe r cubi c meter )
1 . Annua l Averag e fo r 198 4 37.0 3 62.1 7 (fencelin e t o 1000m ) 40. 0 42 6
2 . Annua l Averag e fo r 199 4 11.4 4 19.6 0 (1200 mt o 2000m ) 41. 6 42 6
3 . Annua l Averag e fo r 198 4 5.5 5 9.7 7 (2500 mt o 5000m ) 43. 2 42 6
4 . Hourl yMaximumfo r 198 4 193 7 231 7 (fencelin e t o 1000m ) 16. 4 1065 0
5 . Hourl yMaximumfo r 198 4 150 6 2314 (1200 mt o 2000m ) 34. 9 1065 0
6 . Hourl yMaximumfo r 198 4 69 0 117 6 (2500 mt o 5000m ) 41. 3 1065 0

1. CTABL E II-3 a Initia l ISCST 2 Moda l Result s fo r Plan t A VERSION9206 2 MAXIMU M GROUN

D LEVE L CONCENTRATION S (i n micrograms/meter 3 ) RECEPTORS : INCINERATO R STATUS : RU N# : YEAR 1984 : ON E HOU R MAXIMU M - MA X ANNUA L AVERAG E - 1985 : ON E HOU R MAXIMU M - MA X ANNU.A

L AVERAG E - 1986 : ON E HOU R MAXIMU M - MA X ANNUA L AVERAG E - 1987: ' ON E HOU R MAXIMU M - MA X ANNU.A

L AVERAG E - 1989 : ON E HOU R MAXIMU M - -MA X ANNUA L AVERAG E - Fence !

10 0 m- O N # 1

1,936.7 5 37.0 3 1,957.4 6 37.8 3 1,873.9 9 30.1 6 1,894.7 6

' 37.6 8 1,890.9 6 42.6 8 Lin e &

- 1,00 0 m OF F # 4

2,317.3 2 62.1 7 1,957.4 6 62.4 1 2,733.3 0 48.8 1 3,086.0 0 60.6 9 2,506.9 5 68.4 1 1,20 0 m-

O N # 2

1,506.4 4 11.4 4 1,468.9 7 9.7 8 1,745.3 6 10.9 5 1,379.7 1 10.0 0 1,321.1 5 11.4 5 - 2,00 0 m

OF F # 5

2,314.0 7 19.6 0 1,950.6 3 16.9 6 2,769.4 0 18.7 3 2,269.4 0 17.0 6 2,168.5 6 19.8 5 2,50 0 m-

O N # 3

689.68 " 5.5 5
662.3 4 4.6 5
616.5 4 5.0 0
631.4 4 4.3 7
623.7 6 5.2 9 - 5,00 0 m

• . OF F # 6 • 1,175.9 4 9.7 7 1,123.8 8 8.1 9 1,061.8 6 8.7 8 1,093.8 4 7.5 9 1,144.9 8 9.3 7 NOTES : 1 . T o conver t fro mmicrograms/meter 3 t o part s pe r millio n volumetri c (ppmv ) fo r styren e vapo r divid e th e table s value s abov e b y4,260 .

II- 5 

## 11P.3 0



### REPROCESSIN G O F TH E VAS A DISPERSIO N MODELIN G FO R"PLANT A " USIN G 198 4 ME T DAT A

Th e previou s styren e dispersio n modelin g performe dfo r th e Virgini aStyren e Allianc e (VASA ) "Pliin t A " (th e Lasc o Bathwar e South Boston , Virgini aPlant ) wa s reprocesse dt o detennin e th e influenc e o f th e plant' s existin g incineratio n equipmen t upo n th e maximu mgroun dleve l concentration s (MGLC ) o f styren e vapo r

i n th e surroundin g community . Thi s reprocessin g effor t assume dtha t

th c incinerato r

remaine do n (Ru n #7 ) an dtha t th e incinerato r

wa s turne dof

f (Ru n #8) . Th e si x larges t MGL C value s (show n i n microgram s pe r

cubi c meter ) fo r

thes e tw o run s usin g 198 4 meteorologica l dat aar e compare di n Tabl e 1 below . A s shown , th e incineratio n equipmen t appear s t o reduc e th e MGL C value s aroun d th e plan t b y an averag e o f

abou t 40% .

TABL E 1 Compariso n o f th e 198 4 Result s fo r

Ru n # 7 an dRu n -#

8 RU N # 7 (M-g/m

3 ) 37.0 3 v s 33.7 3 v s 31.3 5 v s 31.1 1 v s 30.2 1 v s 28.4 3 v s RU N # 8

(ug/m 3 ) 62.1 7 54.5 9 51.7 4 50.9 0 50.7 4 48.5 1 PERCENTAG E

REDUCTIO N 40 % 38 % 39 % 39 % 40 % 41 %



### ^ < 

### 6P.3 1



### REPROCESSIN G O F TH E VASA DISPERSIO N MODELIN G FO R"PLAN T A " USIN G 198 4 ME T DATA

Th e previou s styren e dispersio n modelin g performe dfo r th e Virgini aStyren e Allianc e (VASA ) "Plan t A " (th e Lasc o Bathwar e Sout h Boston , Virgini aPlant ) wa s reprocesse dt o detennin e th e influenc e o f th e plant' s exisnn g incineratio n equipmen t upo n th e maximu mgroun dleve l concentration s (MGLC ) of styren e vapo r

i n th e surroundin g community . Thi s reprocessin g effort assume dtha t

th e incinerato r

remaine do n (Ru n #7 ) an dtha t th e incinerato r

wa s turne dof

f (Ru n #8) . Th e si x larges t MGL C value s (show n i n microgram s pe r

cubi c meter ) fo r

thes e tw o run s usin g 198 4 meteorologica l dat aar e compare di n Tabl e I below . A s shown , th e incineratio n equipmen t appear s t o reduc e th e MGL C value s aroun d th e plan t b y a n averag e o f

abou t 40% .

TABL E 1 Compariso n o f th e 198 4 Result s fo r

Ru n #7 an dRu n # 8 RU N # 7 (M-g/m

3 ) 37.0 3 v s 33.7 3 v s 31.3 5 v s 31.1 1 v s 30.2 1 v s 28.4 3 v s RU N # 8 (jig/m 3 ) 62.1 7 54.5 9 51.7 4 50.9 0 50.7 4 48.5 1 PERCENTAG E

REDUCTIO N 40 % 38 % 39 % 39 % 40 % 41 %



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