CUNITEDSTATESENVIRONMENTALPROTECTIONAGENCYREGIONIII1650ArchStreetPhiladelphia,Pennsylvania19103DATE:SUBJECT:TechnicalSupportDocumentforDelaware’sAmendmenttotheControlofNitrogenOxidesEmissionsfromIndustrialBoilersandProcessHeatersofPetroleumRefineriesFROM:AsrahKhadr,EngineeringTraineeOvs-teJix\/-\..&_h2&I’OfficeofAirProgramPlanningTO:File(2c//1’THRU:CristinaFernandez,AssociateOfficeDirectorOfficeofAirProgramPlanningA.BACKGROUND:OnApril27,2011,theDelawareDepartmentofNaturalResourcesandEnvironmentalControl(DNREC)submittedarevisiontotheirStateImplementationPlan(SIP)amendingSection2.0of7DEAdminCode1142,ControlofNitrogenOxides(NO)EmissionsfromIndustrialBoilersandProcessHeatersatPetroleumRefineries(RegulationNo.1142).Section2.0ofRegulationNo.1142servestoprovideNOemissioncontrollimitsperunitaswellastoprovideanoptionalfacility-wideNOemissionlimitationcompliancealternative.DelawarefirstpromulgatedSection2.0ofRegulationNo.1142inJulyof2007.InNovemberof2009,Section2.0ofRegulationNo.1142wasrevisedduetoasettlementagreementbetweenDNRECandPremcorRefiningGroupInc.(Premcor);onJune6,2010(75FR31711),Section2.0ofRegulationNo.1142wasapprovedintoDelaware’sSIPbyEnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA).In2009,operationsattheDelawareCityRefineryceasedandin2010refineryownershipchangedfromPremcortotheDelawareCityRefiningCompany(DCRC).Anagreementregardingtheacquisition,restartandoperationoftheDelawareCityRefinerywasstruckbetweentheDNRECandDCRC,thiscreatedtwochangesinDelaware’sSIP.ThechangesprovideforNOemissioncontrolofthefluidcatalyticcrackingunitcarbonmonoxide(CO)boiler(Unit23-H-3)attheDelawareCityRefineryaswellasanoptionalfacility-wideNOemissionlimitationcompliancealternative.B.EPAREQUIREMENTS:NOxisaprecursorforozonesinceitinteractswithvolatileorganiccompounds(VOCs)underheatandsunlighttoformozone.EPA’s1997primaryozonenationalambientairqualityC

Cstandard(NAAQS)is0.08partspermillion(ppm)averagedover8hours.AnyareathatisinnonattainmentoftheNAAQSisrequiredtosubmitanattainmentdemonstrationSIP.Delawareisdesignatedasnonattainmentforthe1997ozoneNAAQS.DNRECsubmittedanattainmentdemonstrationforthe19978-hrozonestandardinJuly2007todemonstrateattainmentoftheozoneNAAQSby2010.NOemissionsaddnitratestotheatmospherewhichareclassifiedasfineparticulatematterwithadiameteroflessthanorequalto2.5microns(PM2.5).UnderEPA’s1997and2006PM2.5NAAQS,Delawareisdesignatedasnonattainment.AnattainmentdemonstrationSIPforthe1997PM2,5NAAQSwassubmittedbyDNRECtoEPAinApril2008.TheattainmentdemonstrationSIPforthe2006PM25NAAQSisdueinDecember2012.PM2,5alsoimpairsvisibilityunderthefederalregionalhazeprogram.NOemissionsfromDelawaresignificantlyimpactonefederalClass1area,theBrigantineNationalWildlifeArealocatedinNewJersey.InSeptember2009,DNRECsubmittedtoEPAaVisibilitySIP;thisSIPreliesheavilyonSO2reductionsbecauseSO2wasclassifiedbytheRegionalPlanningOrganizationstobetheprimarycauseofvisibilityimpairmentinClassIareas.TherearesomeNOreductionsintheVisibilitySIPtohelpinsurethatDelawaremeetsits2018visibilitygoals.NOemissionsalsodirectlyimpactnitrogendioxide(NO2)concentrations.DelawareiscurrentlyinattainmentoftheannualNO2NAAQS.Designationshaveyettobemadeforthe2010revisedNO2NAAQS.C.STATESUBMITTAL:DNRECsubmittedimpactanalysisregardingthefacility-widecompliancealternative;thisanalysisisincludedintheSIPrevision.Thefacility-widecompliancealternativerunsona12monthrollingbasis,hencethiscouldallowforhigherdailyorseasonalemissions.Thus,additionalanalysisisnecessarytoprovethatallapplicableNAAQSandrequirementswillbemet.BelowisasummaryoftheanalysissubmittedbyDNREC.Section2.3ofRegulationNo.1142allowsfacility-wideemissionsof2,525tonsperyear(tpy)forany12monthrollingperiodendingonorpriortoJanuary2014;theemissionlimitationthendecreasesto2,225tpyforthe12monthperiodbetweenDecember31,2013andDecember31,2014,andfinallydecreasesto1,650tpyforthe12monthperiodbetweenDecember31,2014andDecember31,2015(thefacility-wideemissionlimitationorunitspecificlimitationsapplyatalltimes,thereisnogapinNOemissionregulationsfortherefinery).The2002emissionsfromtheDelawareCityRefinerywereutilizedasbaselinesforthe1997ozoneNAAQSSIP,2008PM2,5NAAQSSIPandDelaware’s2009VisibilitySIP.The2008emissionsfromtheDelawareCityRefineryarethemostcurrentinDelaware’semissionsinventory.TheDelawareCityRefinery’sprojectedemissionsfor2009areutilizedinDelaware’sattainmentdemonstrationplansforthe1997ozoneNAAQSand1997PM2.5NAAQS.Therefinery’sprojectedemissionsfor2012and2018areutilizedinDelaware’s2009Visibilityplans.AllofDelaware’splansdemonstrateattainmentbythemandatedattainmentdate.AllofthebaselinesandprojectionsutilizedtodemonstrateattainmentinvariousSIPrevisionsforthestateofDelawarearehigher2Cthanthefacility-widecompliancealternativeprovidedbyRegulationNo.1142;thereforethisrevisiondoesnotallowanyincreaseinNOemissionsbytherefineryandallowsDelawaretocontinuetomeetallapplicableNAAQSandrequirements.Table1liststheactualandprojectedemissionsfortherefinery.Table1.ActualandProjectedNOxEmissionsYearNOx(tpy)2002(actual)3,5552008(actual)2,5252009(projected)2,8552012(projected)2,7612018(projected)2,774SeasonalemissionschangeswerealsoanalyzedtoensurecompliancewithallapplicableNAAQSandrequirements.Monthlypercentthroughputsinthecrudetankfarmwereanalyzed.Percentthroughputdirectlycorrelateswithutilizationoftherefinery.Theyears2005-2008wereanalyzedandtheanalysisindicatesthatthereisaslightlyhigherthroughputduringtheozoneseasonmonths:May,June,July,andAugust.The36-monthaverageis8.3%whichhasastandarddeviation(stdev)of0.7.Itisconcludedthatthroughputfromtherefineryisessentiallyuniformyearround;thereforetheannualfacility-wideemissionslimitationisconsistentwiththeNAAQSalongwithotherapplicablerequirements.Table2showsthecrudetankfarmpercentthroughputs.Table2.CrudeTankFarmThroughput(%)2005200620072008January8.47.68.710.2February7.686.78.3March6.98.18.29.8April8.28.58.28.3May9.48.78.77.8June9.18.48.69.4July9.48.6910August8.88.88.810September9.58.57.810October8.48.58.710.1November6.78.28.239*December7.78.38.42.2*3(ThC*Note..NovemberandDecemberof2008aredeterminedtobenotrepresentativeofnormaloperations.Therefinerywasrunningassign/IcantlyreducedratesduringthesemonthsbecausethecrudeunithaditsturnaroundinNovember2008andtheCokerwasdown.Becauseofthis2008wasnotevaluatedfurther.ThedailyaverageemissionsofNOxforalloftheDelawareCityRefineryunitswereanalyzedfortheyears2005,2006,and2007onamonthlybasistodemonstratecompliancewithallapplicableNAAQSandrequirements.ThedailyaverageNOxemissionsbetweenJanuary2005andDecember2007arewithinonestdevfromtheannualdailyaverage,exceptforJune2005wherethedailyaverageis1.03stdevsfromtheannualdailyaverage.TheminusculestandarddeviationsindicatethatthereislittlevariabilityindailyNOxemissions,especiallyduringtimesofbadairquality;henceanannualfacility-wideemissionslimitationwillnotcausemonthlyfluctuationsconsideringthatduringnormaloperations,thereareminimalNOemissionsfluctuations.Therefore,DelawarewillcontinuetomeetallapplicableNAAQSandrequirementswiththeannualfacility-wideemissionlimitationinplace.Table3showsthedailyaverageNOemissions.Table3.Daily&verageNOxemissionsTonsPerDay(tpd)200520062007January8.65.77.3February8.78.47.4March8.18.36.8April8.286.7May8.38.36.2June8.87.96.8July7.76.27.1August75.77.6September7.56.36.7October68.27.2November57.97.2December6.26.17.5Singledayemissionswerealsotakenintoconsiderationforanalysis.Thehighestsingledayemissionsevaluatedonamonthlybasisforallunitsforyears2005,2006,and2007wererecorded.Ingeneral,themonthsofJune,July,andAugusttendtohavetheworstairquality.ThehighestdailyNOxemissionsfromtherefineryweregenerallyoutsidethisperiodinthethreeyearsanalyzed.ThehighestemissionsoccurredinOctober2005,April2006,andApril2007,andexceededtheannualdailyaverageplusonestdev.Thesemonthswerethemonthswherethe4CChighestemissionsoccurredaswell.Undernormaloperatingconditionsthehighestemissionsoccurredoutsideofthemonthswiththeworstairquality;thereforeDelawarewillcontinuetomeetallapplicableNAAQSandrequirements.ThehighestsingledayNOxemissionsarelistedinTable4.Table4.HighestSingleDayNOxEmissions(tpd)200520062007January117.58.8February9.89.49.1March10.59.58.2April9.411.413May10.89.47.2June11.19.17.9July9.67.88.6August8.57.18.9September9.48.18.1October11.310.28.9November6.5109December8.37.28.6DailyNOemissionswerealsoanalyzedforcompliancewithapplicableNAAQS.ThenumberofdayswheredailyNOxemissionsexceededtheannualaverageplusonestdevwasrecorded.Outofthethreeyearsrecorded,thehighestnumberofdayswithexceedanceswithinonemonthwas9whichoccurredinJanuary2007.Onlyin7outofthe36monthsrecordeddidexceedancesplusonestdevoccurmorethanfivetimespermonth.Also,thenumberoftimestheNOxemissionsexceededonestdevfromtheannualdailyaveragewasconstantfrommonthtomonththroughoutthe36months.Thenumberofdaysinwhichexceedancesoftheannualaverageplusonestdevoccurredisminuscule,showingthatduringnormaloperationsattherefinerythereareverylittlefluctuationsofNOemissions,thereforethefacility-widecompliancealternativewouldcontinuetoensurecompliancewithallapplicableNAAQSandrequirements.ThenumberofexceedencesplusonestdevpermonthisrecordedintheTable5below.5Table5.NumberofDaysNOxEmissionsWereGreaterThanAnnualAveragePlusIStandardDeviation200520062007January449February455March282April423May454June654July525August473September684October534November554December364ThefacilitywideemissionlimitationprovidedasacompliancealternativeinSection2.0ofRegulationNo.1142allowsforNOemissionsmuchlessthanthe2002emissionsbaselineusedforthe1997ozoneand1997PM2.5attainmentdemonstrationplansaswellastheprojectionsutilizedforthe1997ozone,1997PM25,and2009visibilityplans.AnalysisofthesubmittalbytheDNRECalsodemonstratesthatthereareverylittlefluctuationsofNOemissionsundernormaloperationoftherefinery.Therefore,thefacility-wideNOemissionslimitationalternativeprovidedbySection2.0ofRegulationNo.1142willnotaffecttheattainmentofallapplicableNAAQSandrequirements.E.CONCLUSIONSANDRECOMMENDEDAGENCYACTION:TherevisionstoSection2.0ofRegulationNo.1142willnotaffectDelaware’sabilitytocomplywithapplicableNAAQSandrequirements.Therefore,therevisionstothisregulationstillmaintainenvironmentalprotectionandpublichealth.ItisrecommendedthatEPAapprovetheaforementionedSIPrevision.

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