Federal Register / Vol. 79, No. 203 / Tuesday, October 21, 2014 / Rules and Regulations 62863 

Agency amends 40 CFR part 52 as set 

forth below: 

PART 52—APPROVAL AND 

PROMULGATION OF 

IMPLEMENTATION PLANS 

■ 1. The authority citation for part 52 

continues to read as follows: 

Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq. 

Subpart R—Kansas 

■ 2. In § 52.870(e) the table is amended 

by adding new entry (38) in numerical 

order at the end of the table to read as 

follows: 

§ 52.870 Identification of plan. 

* * * * * 

(e) * * * 

EPA-APPROVED KANSAS NONREGULATORY PROVISIONS

Name of nonregulatory SIP provision 

Applicable 

geographic or 

nonattainment 

area 

State submittal 

date EPA approval date Explanation 

*******

(38) Section 110(a)(2) Infrastructure Requirements for the 2008 O3 NAAQS.Statewide .......... 3/19/2013 10/21/2014 [Insert 

Federal Register 

citation].

This action addresses the following CAA 

elements: 110(a)(2)(A), (B), (C), 

(D)(i)(II) (prongs 3 and 4), (D)(ii), (E), 

(F), (G), (H), (J), (K), (L), and (M) except as noted. 

[FR Doc. 2014–24781 Filed 10–20–14; 8:45 am] 

BILLING CODE 6560–50–P 

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 

AGENCY 

40 CFR Part 82 

[EPA–HQ–OAR–2003–0118; FRL–9918–30– 

OAR] 

RIN 2060–AG12 

Protection of Stratospheric Ozone: 

Determination 29 for Significant New 

Alternatives Policy Program 

AGENCY: Environmental Protection 

Agency (EPA). 

ACTION: Determination of acceptability. 

SUMMARY: This Determination of 

Acceptability expands the list of 

acceptable substitutes for ozonedepleting substances under the U.S. 

Environmental Protection Agency’s 

(EPA) Significant New Alternatives 

Policy (SNAP) program. This action lists 

as acceptable additional substitutes for 

use in the refrigeration and air 

conditioning, foam blowing, and fire 

suppression and explosion protection 

sectors. 

DATES: This determination is effective 

on October 21, 2014. 

ADDRESSES: EPA has established a 

docket for this action under Docket ID 

No. EPA–HQ–OAR–2003–0118 

(continuation of Air Docket A–91–42). 

All electronic documents in the docket 

are listed in the index at 

www.regulations.gov. Although listed in 

the index, some information is not 

publicly available, i.e., Confidential 

Business Information (CBI) or other 

information whose disclosure is 

restricted by statute. Publicly available 

docket materials are available either 

electronically at www.regulations.gov or 

in hard copy at the EPA Air Docket 

(Nos. A–91–42 and EPA–HQ–OAR– 

2003–0118), EPA/DC, EPA West, Room 

3334, 1301 Constitution Ave. NW., 

Washington, DC. The Public Reading 

Room is open from 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 

p.m., Monday through Friday, excluding 

legal holidays. The telephone number 

for the Public Reading Room is (202) 

566–1744, and the telephone number for 

the Air Docket is (202) 566–1742. 

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: 

Margaret Sheppard by telephone at 

(202) 343–9163, by facsimile at (202) 

343–2338, by email at 

sheppard.margaret@epa.gov, or by mail 

at U.S. Environmental Protection 

Agency, Mail Code 6205T, 1200 

Pennsylvania Avenue NW., Washington, 

DC 20460. Overnight or courier 

deliveries should be sent to the office 

location at 1201 Constitution Avenue 

NW., Washington, DC 20004. 

For more information on the agency’s 

process for administering the SNAP 

program or criteria for evaluation of 

substitutes, refer to the original SNAP 

rulemaking published in the Federal 

Register on March 18, 1994 (59 FR 

13044). Notices and rulemakings under 

the SNAP program, as well as other EPA 

publications on protection of 

stratospheric ozone, are available at 

EPA’s Ozone Depletion Web site at 

www.epa.gov/ozone/strathome.html 

including the SNAP portion at 

www.epa.gov/ozone/snap/. 

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: 

I. Listing of New Acceptable Substitutes 

A. Refrigeration and Air Conditioning 

B. Foam Blowing 

C. Fire Suppression and Explosion 

Protection 

II. Section 612 Program 

A. Statutory Requirements and Authority 

for the SNAP Program 

B. EPA’s Regulations Implementing 

Section 612 

C. How the Regulations for the SNAP 

Program Work 

D. Additional Information About the SNAP 

Program 

Appendix A—Summary of Decisions for New 

Acceptable Substitutes 

I. Listing of New Acceptable Substitutes 

This action presents EPA’s most 

recent decision to list as acceptable 

several substitutes in the refrigeration 

and air conditioning, foam blowing, and 

fire suppression and explosion 

protection sectors. New substitutes 

include trans-1-chloro-3,3,3- 

trifluoroprop-1-ene in non-mechanical 

heat transfer, and in flexible 

polyurethane foams; CO2 in refrigerated 

transport; R–450A in a variety of 

refrigeration and air conditioning enduses; methylal and hydrofluoroolefin 

(HFO)-1336mzz(Z) in a variety of foam 

blowing end-uses; and Powdered 

Aerosol D in the total flooding end-use. 

For copies of the full list of acceptable 

substitutes for ozone depleting 

substances (ODS) in all industrial 

sectors, visit EPA’s Ozone Layer 

Protection Web site at www.epa.gov/

ozone/snap/lists/index.html. 

The sections below discuss each 

substitute listing in detail. Appendix A 

contains tables summarizing today’s 

listing decisions for these new 

acceptable substitutes. The statements 

in the ‘‘Further Information’’ column in 

the tables provide additional 

information, but are not legally binding 


asabaliauskas on DSK5VPTVN1PROD with RULES
62864 Federal Register / Vol. 79, No. 203 / Tuesday, October 21, 2014 / Rules and Regulations 

1Acceptable substitutes for organic Rankine cycle 

have typically been included through listings in the 

non-mechanical heat transfer end-use. EPA may 

review organic Rankine cycle applications 

separately in the future. 

2Wang D., Olsen S., Wuebbles D. 2011. 

‘‘Preliminary Report: Analyses of tCFP’s Potential 

Impact on Atmospheric Ozone.’’ Department of 

Atmospheric Sciences. University of Illinois, 

Urbana, IL. September 26, 2011. 

3Patten and Wuebbles, 2010. ‘‘Atmospheric 

Lifetimes and Ozone Depletion Potentials of trans1-chloro-3,3,3-trichloropropylene and trans-1,2- 

dichloroethylene in a three-dimensional model.’’ 

Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 10867–10874, 2010. 

4Wang et al., 2011. Op. cit. 

5Sulbaek Andersen, Nilsson, Neilsen, Johnson, 

Hurley and Wallington, ‘‘Atmospheric chemistry of 

trans-CF3CH=CHCl: Kinetics of the gas-phase 

reactions with Cl atoms, OH radicals, and O3’’, Jrnl 

of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry 

199 (2008) 92–97; and Wang D., Olsen S., Wuebbles 

D. Undated. ‘‘Three-Dimensional Model Evaluation 

of the Global Warming Potentials for tCFP.’’ 

Department of Atmospheric Sciences. University of 

Illinois, Urbana, IL. Draft report, undated. 

6Wang et al. 2011 and Sulbaek Andersen et al., 

2008. Op cit. 

7Hodnebrog, ;., Etminan, M., Fuglestvedt, J.S., 

Marston, G., Myhre, G., Nielsen, C.J., Shine, K.P., 

Wallington, T.J.: Global Warming Potentials and 

Radiative Efficiencies of Halocarbons and Related 

Compounds: A Comprehensive Review, Reviews of 

Geophysics, 51, 300–378, doi:10.1002/rog.20013, 

2013. 

8Wang et al., 2011 and Patten and Wuebbles, 

2010. Op cit. 9Unless otherwise stated, all ODPs in this 

document are from EPA’s regulations at appendix 

A to subpart A of 40 CFR part 82. 10Unless otherwise stated, all GWPs in this 

document are from: IPCC, 2007: Climate Change 

2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of 

Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report 

of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 

[Solomon, S., D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. 

Marquis, K.B. Averyt, M.Tignor and H.L. Miller 

(eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 

United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. This 

document is accessible at www.ipcc.ch/ 

publications_and_data/ar4/wg1/en/contents.html. 

under section 612 of the Clean Air Act 

(CAA). In addition, the ‘‘Further 

Information’’ may not be a 

comprehensive list of other legal 

obligations you may need to meet when 

using the substitute. Although you are 

not required to follow recommendations 

in the ‘‘Further Information’’ column of 

the table to use a substitute consistent 

with section 612 of the CAA, some of 

these statements may refer to obligations 

that are enforceable or binding under 

federal or state programs other than the 

SNAP program. In many instances, the 

information simply refers to standard 

operating practices in existing industry 

and/or building-code standards. EPA 

strongly encourages you to apply the 

information in this column using these 

substitutes. Many of these 

recommendations, if adopted, would 

not require significant changes to 

existing operating practices. 

You can find submissions to EPA for 

the substitutes listed in this document, 

as well as other materials supporting the 

decisions in this action in docket EPA– 

HQ–OAR–2003–0118 at 

www.regulations.gov. 

A. Refrigeration and Air Conditioning 

1. Trans-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1- 

ene (SolsticeTM 1233zd(E)) 

EPA’s decision: EPA finds trans-1- 

chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene 

acceptable as a substitute for use in new 

equipment in non-mechanical heat 

transfer.1

Trans-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1- 

ene ((E)-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1- 

ene, CAS Reg. No. 102687–65–0) is a 

chlorofluoroalkene marketed under the 

trade names SolsticeTM 1233zd(E) and 

SolsticeTM N12 Refrigerant for this enduse. 

You may find the redacted 

submission in Docket item EPA–HQ– 

OAR–2003–0118–0285 and under the 

name, ‘‘9/17/13 Letter to Rebecca von 

dem Hagen, EPA re: 1233zd(E)— 

Refrigeration Sector’’ in Docket EPA– 

HQ–OAR–2003–0118 at 

www.regulations.gov. EPA has 

performed an assessment to examine the 

health and environmental risks of this 

substitute. This assessment is available 

in docket EPA–HQ–OAR–2003–0118 

under the name, ‘‘Risk Screen on 

Substitutes in Heat Transfer Substitute: 

Trans-1-Chloro-3,3,3,-trifluoroprop-1- 

ene.’’ 

We have previously listed trans-1- 

chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene as a 

refrigerant for use in new equipment in 

centrifugal chillers (August 10, 2012, 77 

FR 47768). 

Environmental information: 

SolsticeTM 1233zd(E) has an ozone 

depletion potential (ODP) of 0.00024 to 

0.00034.2 3 Estimates of this compound’s 

potential to deplete the ozone layer 

indicate that even with worst-case 

estimates of emissions, which assume 

that this compound would substitute for 

all compounds it could replace, the 

impact on global atmospheric ozone 

abundance would be statistically 

insignificant.4 SolsticeTM 1233zd(E) has 

a 100-year integrated global warming 

potential (100-yr GWP) reported as 1 to 

7 and an atmospheric lifetime of 

approximately 26 to 31 days or less.567

SolsticeTM 1233zd(E) is excluded from 

the definition of volatile organic 

compounds (VOC) under CAA 

regulations (see 40 CFR 51.100(s)) 

addressing the development of state 

implementation plans (SIPs) to attain 

and maintain the National Ambient Air 

Quality Standards (NAAQS). The 

emissions of this refrigerant will be 

limited, given that it is subject to the 

venting prohibition under section 

608(c)(2) of the CAA and EPA’s venting 

regulations codified at 40 CFR 

82.154(a)(1). 

Flammability information: SolsticeTM

1233zd(E) is not flammable. 

Toxicity and exposure data: Potential 

health effects of this substitute include 

serious eye irritation, skin irritation, and 

frostbite. It may cause central nervous 

system effects such as drowsiness and 

dizziness. The substitute could cause 

asphyxiation if air is displaced by 

vapors in a confined space. 

The American Industrial Hygiene 

Association (AIHA) has established a 

Workplace Environmental Exposure 

Level (WEEL) of 800 ppm for trans-1- 

chloro-3,3,3,-trifluoroprop-1-ene. EPA 

anticipates that SolsticeTM 1233zd(E) 

will be used in a manner consistent 

with the recommendations specified in 

the manufacturer’s material safety data 

sheet (MSDS). EPA anticipates that 

users will be able to meet the WEEL and 

address potential health risks by 

following requirements and 

recommendations in the MSDS and in 

any other safety precautions common to 

the refrigeration and air conditioning 

industry. 

Comparison to other substitutes in 

these end-uses: SolsticeTM 1233zd(E) 

has an ODP of 0.00024 to 0.00034 and 

estimates of its maximum potential 

impact on the ozone layer indicate a 

statistically insignificant impact, 

comparable to that of other substitutes 

in the same end-uses that are considered 

to be non-ozone-depleting.8 SolsticeTM

1233zd(E)’s ODP is well below those of 

ODS in these end-uses, such as 

chlorofluorocarbon (CFC)-113, HCFC– 

141b, HCFC–22, and HCFC–123 (with 

ODPs ranging from 0.01 to 0.8 9). 

SolsticeTM 1233zd(E)’s GWP of 1 to 7 is 

lower than or comparable to those of 

other acceptable substitutes in the same 

end-uses, such as HFC–245fa, HFC– 

134a and HFC–125 (with GWPs ranging 

from 1,030 to 3,500 10). Its GWP is also 

well below those of CFC–113, HCFC– 

141b, HCFC–22, and HCFC–123 (with 

GWPs ranging from 77 to 4,750). 

Flammability risks are low, as discussed 

above. Toxicity risks can be minimized 

by use consistent with the AIHA WEEL 

standard, the American Society for 

Heating, Refrigerating and AirConditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) 

Standard 15 and other industry 

standards, recommendations in the 

MSDS, and other safety precautions 

common in the refrigeration and air 

conditioning industry. The potential 

health effects of SolsticeTM 1233zd(E) 

are common to many refrigerants, 

including many of those already listed 

as acceptable under SNAP. EPA thus 


asabaliauskas on DSK5VPTVN1PROD with RULES
Federal Register / Vol. 79, No. 203 / Tuesday, October 21, 2014 / Rules and Regulations 62865 

finds trans-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop1-ene (SolsticeTM 1233zd(E)) acceptable 

in the end-uses listed above, because the 

overall environmental and human 

health risk posed by trans-1-chloro3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene is lower than 

or comparable to the risks posed by 

other substitutes found acceptable in the 

same end-uses. 

2. Carbon Dioxide (R–744) 

EPA’s decision: EPA finds carbon 

dioxide (R–744) acceptable as a 

substitute for use in new equipment in 

refrigerated transport. 

Carbon dioxide is also known as CO2, 

CAS Reg. No. 124–38–9, or R–744 when 

used as a refrigerant. 

You may find the redacted 

submission in docket EPA–HQ–OAR– 

2003–0118 at www.regulations.gov 

under the name, ‘‘SNAP Information 

Notice for CO2 in Refrigerated Transport 

received 7/19/13.’’ EPA has performed 

an assessment to examine the health 

and environmental risks of this 

substitute. This assessment is available 

in docket EPA–HQ–OAR–2003–0118 

under the name, ‘‘Risk Screen on 

Substitutes in Refrigerated Transport 

Substitute: Carbon Dioxide (CO2).’’ 

We have previously listed CO2 as a 

refrigerant in a number of other 

refrigeration and air conditioning enduses (e.g., January 13, 1995, 60 FR 3318; 

September 30, 2009, 74 FR 50129; June 

6, 2012, 77 FR 33315; August 10, 2012, 

77 FR 47768). 

Environmental information: CO2 has 

an ODP of zero. The 100-yr GWP of CO2

is 1. 

EPA’s regulations codified at 40 CFR 

part 82, subpart F exempt CO2

refrigerant from the venting prohibition 

under section 608(c)(2) of the CAA (see 

69 FR 11946; March 12, 2004). This 

section and EPA’s venting regulations 

prohibit the intentional venting or 

release of substitutes for class I or class 

II ODS during the repair, maintenance, 

service or disposal of refrigeration and 

air conditioning appliances, unless EPA 

expressly exempts a particular 

substitute refrigerant from the venting 

prohibition, as for CO2. 

CO2 is excluded from the definition of 

VOC under CAA regulations (see 40 

CFR 51.100(s)) addressing the 

development of SIPs to attain and 

maintain the NAAQS. 

Flammability information: CO2 is not 

flammable. 

Toxicity and exposure data: Potential 

health effects of this substitute at lower 

concentrations include loss of 

concentration, headache and shortness 

of breath. The substitute may also 

irritate the skin or eyes or cause 

frostbite. At sufficiently high 

concentrations, it may cause central 

nervous system depression. The 

substitute could cause asphyxiation, if 

air is displaced by vapors in a confined 

space. For additional information 

concerning potential health risks of CO2,

see EPA’s final rule under the SNAP 

program for use of CO2 as a refrigerant 

in motor vehicle air conditioning 

systems (77 FR 33315; June 6, 2012) and 

EPA’s risk screen in docket EPA–HQ– 

OAR–2003–0118. 

To protect against these potential 

health risks, CO2 has an 8 hour/day, 40 

hour/week permissible exposure limit 

(PEL) of 5,000 ppm in the workplace 

required by the Occupational Safety and 

Health Administration (OSHA). It also 

has a 15-minute recommended shortterm exposure limit (STEL) of 30,000 

ppm established by the National 

Institute for Occupational Safety and 

Health (NIOSH). EPA recommends that 

users follow all requirements and 

recommendations specified in the 

MSDS, in ASHRAE standard 15, and 

other safety precautions common in the 

refrigeration and air conditioning 

industry. We also recommend that users 

of CO2 adhere to NIOSH’s STEL and to 

ASHRAE 15, and we expect that users 

will meet OSHA’s PEL. EPA anticipates 

that users will be able to address 

potential health risks by complying with 

the PEL and by following requirements 

and recommendations in the MSDS, in 

ASHRAE 15, and other safety 

precautions common in the refrigeration 

and air conditioning industry. 

Comparison to other substitutes in the 

same end-use: CO2 is not ozonedepleting, comparable to a number of 

other acceptable non-ozone-depleting 

substitutes for these end-uses, including 

R–404A, R–407C, R–410A, and HFC– 

134a, and in contrast to the ODS CFC– 

12, HCFC–22 and R–502 (with ODPs 

ranging from 0.04 to 1.0). CO2’s GWP of 

1 is lower than or comparable to that of 

other non-ozone-depleting substitutes in 

the same refrigeration and air 

conditioning end-use for which we are 

finding it acceptable, such as R–404A, 

R–407C, R–410A and HFC–134a (with 

GWP’s ranging from 1,430 to 3,930). 

Furthermore, the GWP of CO2 is well 

below those of ODS used in this enduse, including CFC–12, HCFC–22 and 

R–502 (with GWPs ranging from 1,810 

to 10,900). Flammability risks are low, 

as discussed above. Toxicity risks can 

be minimized by use consistent with the 

OSHA PEL, ASHRAE 15, and other 

industry standards, recommendations in 

the MSDS, and other safety precautions 

common in the refrigeration and air 

conditioning industry. The potential 

health effects of CO2 are common to 

many refrigerants, including many of 

those already listed as acceptable under 

SNAP. EPA thus finds CO2 acceptable in 

the end-use listed above, because the 

overall environment and human health 

risk posed by CO2 is lower than or 

comparable to the risks posed by other 

substitutes found acceptable in the same 

end-use. 

3. R–450A 

EPA’s decision: EPA finds R–450A 

acceptable as a substitute for use in: 

• Retail food refrigeration (new and 

retrofit equipment) 

• Refrigerated transport (new and 

retrofit equipment) 

• Vending machines (retrofit equipment 

only) 

• Commercial ice machines (new and 

retrofit equipment) 

• Water coolers (new and retrofit 

equipment) 

• Cold storage warehouses (new and 

retrofit equipment) 

• Industrial process refrigeration (new 

and retrofit equipment) 

• Reciprocating, screw and scroll 

chillers (new and retrofit equipment) 

• Centrifugal chillers (new and retrofit 

equipment) 

• Household refrigerators and freezers 

(new and retrofit equipment) 

• Industrial process air-conditioning 

(new and retrofit equipment) 

R–450A, marketed under the trade 

name Solstice® N–13, is a weighted 

blend of 42 percent HFC–134a, which is 

also known as 1,1,1,2 tetrafluoroethane 

(CAS Reg. No. 811–97–2) and 58 percent 

HFO–1234ze(E), which is also known as 

trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene (CAS 

Reg. No. 29118–24–9). 

You may find the redacted 

submission in Docket EPA–HQ–OAR– 

2003–0118 at www.regulations.gov 

under the name, ‘‘Solstice N–13 (R– 

450A) SNAP Information Notice.’’ EPA 

has performed assessments to examine 

the health and environmental risks of 

this substitute. These assessments are 

available in docket EPA–HQ–OAR– 

2003–0118 under the following names: 

• ‘‘Risk Screen on Substitutes for Use in 

Retail Food Refrigeration, Vending 

Machines, and Commercial Ice 

Machines Substitute: R–450A’’ 

• Risk Screen on Substitutes for Use in 

Household Refrigerators and Freezers 

and Water Coolers Substitute: R– 

450A’’ 

• Risk Screen on Substitutes for Use in 

Chillers and Industrial Process Air 

Conditioning Substitute: R–450A’’ 

• Risk Screen on Substitutes for Use in 

Cold Storage Warehouses and 

Industrial Process Refrigeration 

Substitute: R–450A’’ 


asabaliauskas on DSK5VPTVN1PROD with RULES
62866 Federal Register / Vol. 79, No. 203 / Tuesday, October 21, 2014 / Rules and Regulations 

11Hodnebrog, ;., et al., 2013, op cit.; 

Atmospheric chemistry of trans-CF3CH=CHF: 

products and mechanisms of hydroxyl radical and 

chlorine atom initiated oxidation’’, M.S. Javadi, R. 

S<ndergaard, O.J. Nielsen, M.D., Hurley, and T.J. 

Wellington, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 

Discussions 8, 1069–1088, 2008 

12For more information, including definitions, 

see 40 CFR part 82, subpart F. 

13Wang et al., 2011 and Patten and Wuebbles, 

2010. Op cit. 

14That is, unsaturated hydrocarbons with 3 to 6 

carbons, such as propane, butane, pentane, 

isopentane, and cyclopentane. 

• Risk Screen on Substitutes for Use in 

Refrigerated Transport Substitute: R– 

450A’’ 

Environmental information: R–450A 

has an ODP of zero. Its components, 

HFC–134a and HFO–1234ze(E), have 

GWPs of 1,430 and 1 to 6 11, 

respectively. If these values are 

weighted by mass percentage, then R– 

450A has a GWP of about 601. The 

components of R–450A are both 

excluded from the definition of VOC 

under CAA regulations (see 40 CFR 

51.100(s)) addressing the development 

of SIPs to attain and maintain the 

NAAQS. The emissions of this 

refrigerant blend will be limited given it 

is subject to the venting prohibition 

under section 608(c)(2) of the CAA and 

EPA’s venting regulations codified at 40 

CFR 82.154(a)(1),12 which limit 

emissions of refrigerant substitutes. 

Flammability information: R–450A as 

formulated and in the worst-case 

fractionation formulation is not 

flammable. 

Toxicity and exposure data: Potential 

health effects of this substitute include 

drowsiness or dizziness. The substitute 

may also irritate the skin or eyes or 

cause frostbite. At sufficiently high 

concentrations, the substitute may cause 

irregular heartbeat. The substitute could 

cause asphyxiation if air is displaced by 

vapors in a confined space. These 

potential health effects are common to 

many refrigerants. 

The AIHA has established WEELs of 

1,000 ppm and 800 ppm as an 8-hour 

time-weighted averages (TWAs) for 

HFC–134a and HFO–1234ze(E), the 

components of R–450A. EPA anticipates 

that users will be able to meet either of 

the AIHA WEELs and address potential 

health risks by following requirements 

and recommendations in the MSDS, in 

ASHRAE 15, and other safety 

precautions common to the refrigeration 

and air conditioning industry. 

Comparison to other substitutes in 

these end-uses: R–450A has an ODP of 

zero, in contrast to the ODS HCFC–22, 

HCFC–142b, and HCFC–123 (with ODPs 

ranging from 0.01 to 0.6), and 

comparable to a number of other 

acceptable non-ozone-depleting 

substitutes in these end-uses, such as 

HFC–134a and R–404A. R–450A’s GWP 

of about 601 within the range of HCFC– 

22, HCFC–142b, and HCFC–123 (with 

GWPs ranging from 77 to 2,310), and 

lower than that of other non-ozonedepleting substitutes in the same 

refrigeration and air conditioning enduses, such as HFC–134a and R–404A 

(with GWPs of 1,430 and 3,930). 

Flammability risks are low, as discussed 

above. Toxicity risks can be minimized 

by use consistent with the AIHA 

WEELs, ASHRAE 15 and other industry 

standards, recommendations in the 

MSDS, and other safety precautions 

common in the refrigeration and air 

conditioning industry. The potential 

health effects of R–450A are common to 

many refrigerants, including many of 

those already listed as acceptable under 

SNAP. EPA thus finds R–450A 

acceptable in the end-uses listed above, 

because the overall environmental and 

human health risk posed by R–450A is 

lower than the risks posed by other 

substitutes found acceptable in the same 

end-uses. 

B. Foam Blowing 

1. Trans-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1- 

ene (SolsticeTM 1233zd(E)) 

EPA’s decision: EPA finds trans-1- 

chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene 

acceptable as a substitute for use as a 

blowing agent in flexible polyurethane 

foams. 

Trans-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1- 

ene ((E)-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1- 

ene, CAS Reg. No. 102687–65–0) is a 

chlorofluoroalkene marketed under the 

trade name SolsticeTM 1233zd(E) for 

various foam blowing end-uses. 

You may find the redacted 

submission in docket EPA–HQ–OAR– 

2003–0118 at www.regulations.gov 

under the name ‘‘TSCA/SNAP 

Addendum for trans-1-chloro-3,3,3- 

trifluoroprop-1-ene in flexible foams.’’ 

EPA has performed an assessment to 

examine the health and environmental 

risks of this substitute. This assessment 

is available in docket EPA–HQ–OAR– 

2003–0118 under the name ‘‘Risk 

Screen on Substitutes for Use in 

Flexible Polyurethane Foams Substitute: 

Trans-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1- 

ene’’. 

We have previously listed trans-1- 

chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene as a 

foam blowing agent in a number of enduses (August 10, 2012, 77 FR 47768). 

Environmental information: The 

environmental information for this 

substitute is set forth in the 

‘Environmental information’ section in 

listing A.1. 

Flammability information: SolsticeTM

1233zd(E) is not flammable. 

Toxicity and exposure data: The 

toxicity information for this substitute is 

set forth in the ‘‘Toxicity and exposure 

data’’ section in listing A.1. 

The AIHA has established a WEEL of 

800 ppm for trans-1-chloro-3,3,3,- 

trifluoroprop-1-ene. EPA anticipates 

that SolsticeTM 1233zd(E) will be used 

in a manner consistent with the 

recommendations specified in the 

manufacturer’s MSDS. EPA anticipates 

that users will be able to meet the WEEL 

and address potential health risks by 

following requirements and 

recommendations in the MSDS and in 

any other safety precautions common to 

the foam blowing industry. 

Comparison to other substitutes in 

this end-use: SolsticeTM 1233zd(E) has 

an ODP of 0.00024 to 0.00034 and 

estimates of its maximum potential 

impact on the ozone layer indicate a 

statistically insignificant impact, 

comparable to that of other substitutes 

in the same end-uses that are considered 

to be non-ozone-depleting.13 SolsticeTM

1233zd(E)’s ODP is well below that of 

the ODS CFC–11 and HCFC–141b (with 

ODPs ranging from 0.11 to 1.0). 

SolsticeTM 1233zd(E)’s GWP of 1 to 7 is 

lower than or comparable to that of 

other acceptable substitutes in the same 

end use, such as HFC–134a, HFC–245fa 

and HFC–152a (with GWPs ranging 

from 124 to 1,430) and C3–C6 saturated 

light hydrocarbons 14 (with GWPs less 

than 10). Its GWP is also well below 

those of CFC–11 and HCFC–141b (with 

GWPs ranging from 725 to 4,750). 

Flammability risks are low, as discussed 

above. Toxicity risks can be minimized 

by use consistent with the AIHA WEEL, 

recommendations in the MSDS, and 

other safety precautions common in the 

foam blowing industry. The potential 

health effects of SolsticeTM 1233zd(E) 

are common to many foam blowing 

agents, including many of those already 

listed as acceptable under SNAP. EPA 

thus finds trans-1-chloro-3,3,3- 

trifluorop-1-ene (SolsticeTM 1233zd(E)) 

acceptable in the end-use listed above, 

because the overall environmental and 

human health risk posed by trans-1- 

chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene is lower 

than or comparable to the risks posed by 

other substitutes found acceptable in the 

same end-use. 

2. Methylal (Dimethoxymethane) 

EPA’s decision: EPA finds methylal 

acceptable as a substitute for use as a 

blowing agent in: 


asabaliauskas on DSK5VPTVN1PROD with RULES
Federal Register / Vol. 79, No. 203 / Tuesday, October 21, 2014 / Rules and Regulations 62867 

15 59 FR at 13084. ‘‘The Agency has determined 

that because of the potential for formation and 

emission of decomposition products in rigid closed 

cell foams, notification and review under SNAP is 

required for blends of chemical alternatives in foam 

end-uses that encompass residential products 

where chronic consumer exposure could occur. 

These end-uses are: polyurethane rigid laminated 

boardstock, polystyrene extruded boardstock and 

billet foams, phenolic foams, and polyolefin 

foams.’’ 

16Atmospheric Chemistry of (Z)-CF3CHÕCHCF3: 

OH Radical Reaction Rate Coefficient and Global 

Warming Potential; Munkhbayar Baasandorj, A.R. 

Ravishankara, and James B. Burkholder. J. Phys. 

Chem. A, 2011, 115 (38), pp. 10539–10549. 

• Rigid polyurethane and 

polyisocyanurate laminated 

boardstock 

• Rigid polyurethane appliance 

• Rigid polyurethane commercial 

refrigeration and sandwich panels 

• Rigid polyurethane slabstock and 

other 

• Flexible polyurethane 

• Integral skin polyurethane 

Methylal is also called 

dimethoxymethane, CAS 109–87–5. It 

belongs to a class of chemicals referred 

to as acetals. 

You may find the redacted 

submission in Docket EPA–HQ–OAR– 

2003–0118 at www.regulations.gov 

under the name ‘‘SNAP Information 

Notice for methylal received 4/18/14.’’ 

EPA has performed an assessment to 

examine the health and environmental 

risks of this substitute. This assessment 

is available in docket EPA–HQ–OAR– 

2003–0118 under the name ‘‘Risk 

Screen on Substitutes for Use in Rigid 

Polyurethane Appliance Foam; 

Commercial and Sandwich Panels; 

Rigid Polyurethane & Polyisocyanurate 

Laminate Boardstock; Rigid 

Polyurethane Slabstock; Flexible 

Polyurethane; Integral Skin 

Polyurethane Substitute: Methylal 

(Dimethoxymethane).’’ EPA’s review of 

this substitute is pending for spray 

foam. 

Environmental information: Methylal 

has an ODP of zero. The 100-yr GWP of 

methylal is less than three. Methylal is 

a VOC under CAA regulations (see 40 

CFR 51.100(s)) addressing the 

development of SIPs to attain and 

maintain the NAAQS. 

Flammability information: Methylal is 

flammable. Under the Globally 

Harmonized System of Classification 

and Labelling of Chemicals, it is 

classified as a Class II flammable liquid 

and under OSHA’s regulations at 29 

CFR 1910.106, it is classified as a Class 

IB flammable liquid. Some specific 

blends of methylal with other blowing 

agents are flammable as formulated and 

should be handled with proper 

precautions, as specified by the 

manufacturer.15 EPA recommends that 

users follow all requirements and 

recommendations specified in the 

MSDS and other safety precautions for 

use of flammable blowing agents used in 

the foam blowing industry. Use of 

methylal will require safe handling and 

shipping as prescribed by OSHA and 

the Department of Transportation (for 

example, using personal protective 

equipment and following requirements 

for shipping hazardous materials at 49 

CFR parts 170 through 173). 

Toxicity and exposure data: Potential 

health effects of this substitute include 

drowsiness or dizziness. The substitute 

may also irritate the skin or eyes or 

cause frostbite. At sufficiently high 

concentrations, the substitute may cause 

irregular heartbeat. The substitute could 

cause asphyxiation if air is displaced by 

vapors in a confined space. 

EPA anticipates that methylal will be 

used consistent with the 

recommendations specified in the 

manufacturer’s MSDS. The American 

Conference of Governmental Industrial 

Hygienists (ACGIH) has established a 

threshold limit value (TLV) of 1,000 

ppm (8-hr TWA) for methylal. NIOSH 

has a recommended exposure limit 

(REL) of 1,000 ppm for methylal on a 

10-hour time-weighted average. EPA 

anticipates that users will be able to 

meet workplace exposure limits (TLV 

and REL) and address potential health 

risks by following requirements and 

recommendations in the MSDS and in 

other safety precautions common to the 

foam blowing industry. 

Comparison to other substitutes in the 

same end uses: Methylal has an ODP of 

zero, comparable to a number of other 

acceptable non-ozone-depleting 

substitutes for these end uses, such as 

HFC–134a, HFC–245fa, HFC–152a, and 

C3–C6 saturated light hydrocarbons, 

and in contrast to the ODS CFC–11, 

HCFC–141b, HCFC–142b and HCFC–22 

(with ODPs ranging from 0.04 to 1.0). 

Methylal’s GWP of less than three is 

lower than or comparable to that of 

other non-ozone-depleting substitutes in 

the same foam blowing end uses for 

which we are finding it acceptable, such 

as HFC–134a, HFC–245fa and HFC– 

152a (with GWPs ranging from 124 to 

1,430) and C3–C6 saturated light 

hydrocarbons (with GWPs less than 10). 

Furthermore, the GWP of methylal is 

lower than those of CFC–11, HCFC– 

141b, HCFC–142b and HCFC–22 (with 

GWPs ranging from 725 to 4,750). Like 

other flammable substitutes in these end 

uses, such as HFC–365mfc or C3–C6 

saturated light hydrocarbons, 

flammability risks can be addressed by 

following the MSDS and other 

procedures common in the foam 

blowing industry in the end uses listed. 

Toxicity risks can be minimized by use 

consistent with the ACGIH TLV and 

NIOSH REL, recommendations in the 

MSDS, and other safety precautions 

common in the foam blowing industry. 

The potential health effects of methylal 

are common to many foam blowing 

agents, including many of those already 

listed as acceptable under SNAP. The 

EPA thus finds methylal acceptable in 

the end uses listed above, because the 

overall environmental and human 

health risk posed by methylal is lower 

than or comparable to the risks posed by 

other substitutes found acceptable in the 

same end uses. 

3. HFO–1336mzz(Z) (Formacel® 1100) 

EPA’s decision: EPA finds HFO– 

1336mzz(Z) acceptable as a substitute 

for use as a blowing agent in: 

• Rigid polyurethane appliance foam 

• Rigid polyurethane commercial 

refrigeration and sandwich panels 

• Flexible polyurethane 

• Integral skin polyurethane 

• Rigid polyurethane slabstock and 

other 

• Rigid polyurethane and 

polyisocyanurate laminated 

boardstock 

• Phenolic insulation board and 

bunstock 

HFO–1336mzz(Z) is a 

hydrofluoroolefin or unsaturated 

hydrofluorocarbon. It is also called (Z)- 

1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobut-2-ene or cis1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobut-2-ene (CAS 

Reg. No. 692–49–9) and also goes by the 

trade names of FEA–1100 or Formacel®

1100. 

You may find the redacted 

submission in Docket EPA–HQ–OAR– 

2003–0118 at www.regulations.gov 

under the name, ‘‘SNAP Information 

Notice for FEA–1100 as a Foam Blowing 

Agent Received 8/3/11.’’ EPA has 

performed an assessment to examine the 

health and environmental risks of this 

substitute. This assessment is available 

in docket EPA–HQ–OAR–2003–0118 

under the name ‘‘Risk Screen on 

Substitutes for Use in Rigid 

Polyurethane Appliance Foam; Rigid 

Polyurethane and Polyisocyanurate 

Laminated Boardstock; Rigid 

Polyurethane Commercial Refrigeration 

and Sandwich Panels; Rigid 

Polyurethane Slabstock and Other; 

Flexible Polyurethane; Integral Skin 

Polyurethane; and Phenolic Insulation 

Board and Bunstock: HFO–1336mzz(Z) 

(Formacel® 1100).’’ EPA’s review of this 

substitute is pending for spray foam. 

Environmental information: HFO– 

1336mzz(Z) has an ODP of zero. It has 

a 100-yr GWP of about 9.16 HFO– 


asabaliauskas on DSK5VPTVN1PROD with RULES
62868 Federal Register / Vol. 79, No. 203 / Tuesday, October 21, 2014 / Rules and Regulations 

17As of the time of signature of this document, 

the WEEL Committee of the Occupational Alliance 

for Risk Science had proposed, but not yet 

finalized, a WEEL of 500 ppm for HFO–1336mzz(Z). 

The proposed documentation may be viewed at 

www.tera.org/OARS/HFO-1336mzzZ%20public%20comments%209-18-14.pdf . 

1336mzz(Z) is a VOC. The manufacturer 

has petitioned the EPA to exempt HFO– 

1336mzz(Z) from the definition of VOC 

under CAA regulations (see 40 CFR 

51.100(s)) addressing the development 

of SIPs to attain and maintain the 

NAAQS based on its claim that the 

chemical exhibits low photochemical 

reactivity. 

Flammability information: HFO– 

1336mzz(Z) is not flammable. 

Toxicity and exposure data: Potential 

health effects of this substitute include 

skin or eye irritation or frostbite. At 

sufficiently high concentrations, the 

substitute may cause irregular heartbeat. 

The substitute could cause asphyxiation 

if air is displaced by vapors in a 

confined space. These potential health 

effects are common to many foam 

blowing agents. The EPA anticipates 

that HFO–1336mzz(Z) will be used 

consistent with the recommendations 

specified in the MSDS. The 

manufacturer recommends an 

acceptable exposure limit (AEL) for the 

workplace of 500 ppm on an 8-hour 

TWA17. The EPA anticipates that users 

will be able to meet the manufacturer’s 

AEL and address potential health risks 

by following requirements and 

recommendations in the MSDS and 

other safety precautions common to the 

foam blowing industry. 

Comparison to other foam blowing 

agents: HFO–1336mzz(Z) has an ODP of 

zero, comparable to a number of other 

acceptable non-ozone-depleting 

substitutes for these end uses such as 

HFC–134a, HFC–245fa, HFC–152a, and 

C3–C6 saturated light hydrocarbons and 

in contrast to CFC–11, CFC–113, HCFC– 

141b, and HCFC–22 (with ODPs ranging 

from 0.04 to 1.0). HFO–1336mzz(Z)’s 

GWP of about 9 is lower than or 

comparable to those of other acceptable 

substitutes in the same end uses for 

which we are finding it acceptable, such 

as HFC–134a, HFC–245fa, and HFC– 

152a (with GWPs ranging from 124 to 

1,430), C3–C6 saturated light 

hydrocarbons (with GWPs less than 10), 

and Solstice–1233zd(E) with a GWP of 

1 to 7 (see listing B.1 above and 77 FR 

47772). Further, the GWP of HFO– 

1336mzz(Z) is less than those of CFC– 

11, CFC–113, HCFC–141b, and HCFC– 

22, with GWPs ranging from 725 to 

4,750. Flammability risks are low, as 

discussed above. Toxicity risks can be 

minimized by use consistent with the 

manufacturer’s recommended AEL, 

recommendations in the MSDS, and 

other safety precautions common in the 

foam blowing industry. The potential 

health effects of HFO–1336mzz(Z) are 

common to many foam blowing agents, 

including many of those already listed 

as acceptable under SNAP. EPA thus 

finds HFO–1336mzz(Z) acceptable in 

the end uses listed above, because the 

overall environmental and human 

health risk posed by HFO–1336mzz(Z) 

is lower than or comparable to the risks 

posed by other substitutes found 

acceptable in the same end uses. 

C. Fire Suppression and Explosion 

Protection 

1. Powdered Aerosol D (Aero-K®, StatX®) 

EPA’s decision: EPA finds Powdered 

Aerosol D acceptable as a substitute for 

total flooding uses. 

Powdered Aerosol D is a pyrotechnic 

particulate aerosol and explosion 

suppressant that also is marketed under 

the trade names of Aero-K® and Stat-X®. 

This fire suppressant is supplied to 

users as a solid housed in a doublewalled hermetically-sealed steel 

container. When the unit is triggered by 

heat (300 °C), the product is 

pyrotechnically activated to produce 

gases and aerosol particles from a 

mixture of chemicals. EPA previously 

listed Powdered Aerosol D as acceptable 

subject to use conditions (71 FR 56359; 

September 7, 2006). The use conditions 

require that Powdered Aerosol D be 

used only in areas that are not normally 

occupied, on the basis of information 

supporting its safe use in areas that are 

not normally occupied. Based on a 

review of additional information from 

the submitter to support the safe use of 

Powdered Aerosol D in normally 

occupied spaces, EPA now determines 

that Powdered Aerosol D is also 

acceptable for use in total flooding 

systems for normally occupied spaces. 

The listing will provide that Powdered 

Aerosol D is acceptable for total 

flooding uses, which would include 

both unoccupied and occupied spaces. 

In a subsequent rulemaking EPA will 

remove the previous listing as 

acceptable subject to use conditions. In 

the ‘‘Further Information’’ column of the 

tables summarizing today’s listing 

decisions and found at the end of this 

document, we also state that use of this 

agent should continue to be in 

accordance with the safety guidelines in 

the latest edition of the National Fire 

Protection Association (NFPA) 2010 

Standard for Aerosol Extinguishing 

Systems. 

You may find the redacted 

submission in Docket item EPA–HQ– 

OAR–2003–0118 at 

www.regulations.gov under the name, 

‘‘8/8/13 letter from Marc Gross, 

Fireaway to Rebecca von dem Hagen, 

EPA and SNAP Information Notice for 

Stat-X.’’ EPA has performed an 

assessment to examine the health and 

environmental risks of this substitute. 

This assessment is available in docket 

EPA–HQ–OAR–2003–0118 under the 

name, ‘‘Risk Screen on Substitutes for 

Total Flooding Systems in Normally 

Occupied Spaces—Substitute: 

Powdered Aerosol D (Stat-X®).’’ 

Environmental information: The 

active ingredients of Powdered Aerosol 

D are solids both before and after use; 

thus, their ODP and GWP are both zero. 

The gaseous post-activation products for 

Powdered Aerosol D also have zero ODP 

and GWPs of 25 or less. The solid active 

ingredients and particulate postactivation products do not participate in 

atmospheric photochemical reactions 

and are not VOCs. The gaseous postactivation products are excluded from 

the definition of VOC under CAA 

regulations (see 40 CFR 51.100(s)) 

addressing the development of SIPs to 

attain and maintain the NAAQS. 

None of the pre- or post-activation 

constituents of Powdered Aerosol D will 

exist in quantities approaching the 

respective reporting quantities under 

the Clean Water Act for priority or toxic 

pollutants. During post-activation cleanup procedures, clean-up residues 

should be disposed of in accordance 

with requirements appropriate for those 

materials, as outlined in the agent’s 

MSDS and local, state, and federal 

regulations. 

Flammability information: Powdered 

Aerosol D’s post-activation products are 

nonflammable. 

Toxicity and exposure data: Exposure 

to Powdered Aerosol D after activation 

may cause temporary, mild irritation of 

the mucous membrane. If eye or skin 

contact occurs, end users should flush 

eyes with water or wash skin with soap 

and water. Exposure to the postdischarge products is expected to be 

below the relevant workplace exposure 

limits for those compounds. Because it 

is housed in a hermetically sealed 

container, exposure should not occur 

unless the system is activated. 

Information on additional safety 

recommendations: The discharge of the 

aerosol results in a reduction of 

visibility in the protected space due to 

the uniform distribution of the 

particulate generated. Use according to 

the NFPA 2010 Standard will further 

reduce any safety risks due to reduced 

visibility. In addition, EPA recommends 

that cross-zone detection systems and 


asabaliauskas on DSK5VPTVN1PROD with RULES
Federal Register / Vol. 79, No. 203 / Tuesday, October 21, 2014 / Rules and Regulations 62869 

abort switches located near an exit from 

the protected space be employed. 

In the ‘‘Further Information’’ column 

of the tables summarizing today’s listing 

decisions, EPA recommends the 

following for establishments 

manufacturing Powdered Aerosol D and 

filling containers to be used in total 

flooding applications: 

—Workers should use appropriate safety 

and protective equipment (e.g., 

protective gloves, tightly sealed 

goggles, protective work clothing, and 

particulate-removing respirators using 

NIOSH type N95 or better filters) 

consistent with OSHA guidelines. 

—A local exhaust system should be 

installed and operated to provide 

adequate ventilation to reduce 

airborne exposure to Powdered 

Aerosol D constituents. 

—An eye wash fountain and quick 

drench facility should be close to the 

production area. 

—Training for safe handling procedures 

should be provided to all employees 

that would be likely to handle the 

containers of the agent or 

extinguishing units filled with the 

agent. 

—Workers responsible for cleanup 

should allow particulates to settle 

before reentering area and wear 

appropriate personal protective 

equipment. 

—All spills should be cleaned up 

immediately in accordance with good 

industrial hygiene practices. 

EPA expects that procedures 

identified in the MSDS for Powdered 

Aerosol D and good manufacturing 

practices will be adhered to, and that 

the appropriate safety and personal 

protective equipment (PPE) consistent 

with OSHA guidelines will be used 

during installation, servicing, postdischarge clean-up and disposal of total 

flooding systems using Powdered 

Aerosol D. The manufacturer should 

provide guidance upon installation of 

the system regarding the appropriate 

time after which workers may re-enter 

the area for disposal to allow the 

maximum settling of all particulates. 

Comparison to other substitutes in 

this end use: Powdered Aerosol D has 

zero ODP, both prior to and after 

activation. In comparison, Halon 1301 

has an ODP of 12 and other acceptable 

substitutes used in this end use, such as 

HCFC Blend A, HFC–227ea, and HFC– 

125 have ODPs of 0.048, zero and zero. 

The active ingredients of Powdered 

Aerosol D have a GWP of zero prior to 

activation and the gaseous postactivation products have a GWP of 25 or 

less. In comparison, Halon 1301 has a 

GWP of 7,140 and other acceptable 

substitutes used in this end use, such as 

HCFC Blend A, HFC–227ea, and HFC– 

125 have GWPs of about 1,550, 3,220, 

and 3,500, respectively. Toxicity risks 

can be minimized by use consistent 

with the NFPA 2010 standard, 

recommendations in the MSDS, and 

other safety precautions common in the 

fire suppression industry. The potential 

health effects of Powdered Aerosol D are 

common to many fire suppressants, 

including many of those already listed 

as acceptable under SNAP. EPA thus 

finds Powdered Aerosol D acceptable in 

the total flooding end-use because it 

does not pose a greater overall risk to 

human health and the environment than 

other acceptable substitutes in this enduse. 

II. Section 612 Program 

A. Statutory Requirements and 

Authority for the SNAP Program 

Section 612 of the CAA requires EPA 

to develop a program for evaluating 

alternatives to ozone-depleting 

substances. EPA refers to this program 

as the Significant New Alternatives 

Policy (SNAP) program. The major 

provisions of section 612 are: 

1. Rulemaking 

Section 612(c) requires EPA to 

promulgate rules making it unlawful to 

replace any class I substance (e.g., 

chlorofluorocarbon, halon, carbon 

tetrachloride, methyl chloroform, and 

hydrobromofluorocarbon) or class II 

substance (e.g., 

hydrochlorofluorocarbon) with any 

substitute that the Administrator 

determines may present adverse effects 

to human health or the environment 

where the Administrator has identified 

an alternative that (1) reduces the 

overall risk to human health and the 

environment, and (2) is currently or 

potentially available. 

2. Listing of Unacceptable/Acceptable 

Substitutes 

Section 612(c) requires EPA to 

publish a list of the substitutes 

unacceptable for specific uses and to 

publish a corresponding list of 

acceptable alternatives for specific uses. 

The list of ‘‘acceptable’’ substitutes is 

found at www.epa.gov/ozone/snap/lists 

and the lists of ‘‘unacceptable,’’ 

‘‘acceptable subject to use conditions,’’ 

and ‘‘acceptable subject to narrowed use 

limits’’ substitutes are found in the 

appendices to 40 CFR part 82, subpart 

G. 

3. Petition Process 

Section 612(d) grants the right to any 

person to petition EPA to add a 

substance to, or delete a substance from, 

the lists published in accordance with 

section 612(c). The agency has 90 days 

to grant or deny a petition. Where the 

agency grants the petition, the EPA must 

publish the revised lists within an 

additional six months. 

4. 90-Day Notification 

Section 612(e) directs EPA to require 

any person who produces a chemical 

substitute for a class I substance to 

notify the agency not less than 90 days 

before new or existing chemicals are 

introduced into interstate commerce for 

significant new uses as substitutes for a 

class I substance. The producer must 

also provide the agency with the 

producer’s unpublished health and 

safety studies on such substitutes. 

5. Outreach 

Section 612(b)(1) states that the 

Administrator shall seek to maximize 

the use of federal research facilities and 

resources to assist users of class I and 

II substances in identifying and 

developing alternatives to the use of 

such substances in key commercial 

applications. 

6. Clearinghouse 

Section 612(b)(4) requires the agency 

to set up a public clearinghouse of 

alternative chemicals, product 

substitutes, and alternative 

manufacturing processes that are 

available for products and 

manufacturing processes which use 

class I and II substances. 

B. EPA’s Regulations Implementing 

Section 612 

On March 18, 1994, EPA published 

the original rulemaking (59 FR 13044) 

which established the process for 

administering the SNAP program and 

issued EPA’s first lists identifying 

acceptable and unacceptable substitutes 

in the major industrial use sectors 

(subpart G of 40 CFR part 82). These 

sectors are the following: Refrigeration 

and air conditioning; foam blowing; 

solvents cleaning; fire suppression and 

explosion protection; sterilants; 

aerosols; adhesives, coatings and inks; 

and tobacco expansion. These sectors 

comprise the principal industrial sectors 

that historically consumed the largest 

volumes of ODS. 

Section 612 of the CAA requires EPA 

to list as acceptable those substitutes 

that do not present a significantly 

greater risk to human health and the 

environment as compared with other 

substitutes that are currently or 

potentially available. 


asabaliauskas on DSK5VPTVN1PROD with RULES
62870 Federal Register / Vol. 79, No. 203 / Tuesday, October 21, 2014 / Rules and Regulations 

18As defined at 40 CFR 82.104, ‘‘interstate 

commerce’’ means the distribution or transportation 

of any product between one state, territory, 

possession or the District of Columbia, and another 

state, territory, possession or the District of 

Columbia, or the sale, use or manufacture of any 

product in more than one state, territory, possession 

or District of Columbia. The entry points for which 

a product is introduced into interstate commerce 

are the release of a product from the facility in 

which the product was manufactured, the entry into 

a warehouse from which the domestic manufacturer 

releases the product for sale or distribution, and at 

the site of United States Customs clearance. 

19As defined at 40 CFR 82.172, ‘‘end-use’’ means 

processes or classes of specific applications within 

major industrial sectors where a substitute is used 

to replace an ODS. 

20The SNAP regulations also include ‘‘pending,’’ 

referring to submissions for which the EPA has not 

reached a determination, under this provision. 

21As defined at 40 CFR 82.172, ‘‘use’’ means any 

use of a substitute for a Class I or Class II ozonedepleting compound, including but not limited to 

use in a manufacturing process or product, in 

consumption by the end-user, or in intermediate 

uses, such as formulation or packaging for other 

subsequent uses. This definition of use 

encompasses manufacturing process of products 

both for domestic use and for export. Substitutes 

manufactured within the United States exclusively 

for export are subject to SNAP requirements since 

the definition of use in the rule includes use in the 

manufacturing process, which occurs within the 

United States. 

22 In addition to acceptable commercially 

available substitutes, the SNAP program may 

consider potentially available substitutes. The 

SNAP program’s definition of ‘‘potentially available 

’’ is ‘‘any alternative for which adequate health, 

safety, and environmental data, as required for the 

SNAP notification process, exist to make a 

determination of acceptability, and which the 

agency reasonably believes to be technically 

feasible, even if not all testing has yet been 

completed and the alternative is not yet produced 

or sold.’’ (40 CFR 82.172) 

C. How the Regulations for the SNAP 

Program Work 

Under the SNAP regulations, anyone 

who plans to market or produce a 

substitute to replace a class I substance 

or class II substance in one of the eight 

major industrial use sectors must 

provide the Agency with notice and the 

required health and safety information 

on the substitute at least 90 days before 

introducing it into interstate commerce 

for significant new use as an alternative. 

40 CFR 82.176(a). While this 

requirement typically applies to 

chemical manufacturers as the person 

likely to be planning to introduce the 

substitute into interstate commerce,18 it 

may also apply to importers, 

formulators, equipment manufacturers, 

and end-users 19 when they are 

responsible for introducing a substitute 

into commerce. The 90-day SNAP 

review process begins once EPA 

receives the submission and determines 

that the submission includes complete 

and adequate data. 40 CFR 82.180(a). 

The CAA and the SNAP regulations, 40 

CFR 82.174(a), prohibit use of a 

substitute earlier than 90 days after 

notice has been provided to the Agency. 

The agency has identified four 

possible decision categories for 

substitute submissions: acceptable; 

acceptable subject to use conditions; 

acceptable subject to narrowed use 

limits; and unacceptable.20 40 CFR 

82.180(b). Use conditions and narrowed 

use limits are both considered ‘‘use 

restrictions’’ and are explained below. 

Substitutes that are deemed acceptable 

without use conditions may be used for 

all applications within the relevant enduses within the sector and without 

limits under SNAP on how they may be 

used. Substitutes that are acceptable 

subject to use restrictions may be used 

only in accordance with those 

restrictions. Substitutes that are found 

to be unacceptable may not be used after 

the date specified in the rulemaking 

adding such substitute to the list of 

unacceptable substitutes.21

After reviewing a substitute, the 

agency may make a determination that 

a substitute is acceptable only if certain 

conditions in the way that the substitute 

is used are met to minimize risks to 

human health and the environment. 

EPA describes such substitutes as 

‘‘acceptable subject to use conditions.’’ 

Entities that use these substitutes 

without meeting the associated use 

conditions are in violation of EPA’s 

SNAP regulations. 40 CFR 82.174(c). 

For some substitutes, the Agency may 

permit a narrowed range of use within 

an end-use or sector. For example, the 

Agency may limit the use of a substitute 

to certain end-uses or specific 

applications within an industry sector. 

The Agency requires a user of a 

narrowed use substitute to demonstrate 

that no other acceptable substitutes are 

available for their specific application. 

The EPA describes these substitutes as 

‘‘acceptable subject to narrowed use 

limits.’’ A person using a substitute that 

is acceptable subject to narrowed use 

limits in applications and end-uses that 

are not consistent with the narrowed 

use limit is using the substitute in 

violation of section 612 of the CAA and 

EPA’s SNAP regulations. 40 CFR 

82.174(c). 

The section 612 mandate for EPA to 

prohibit the use of a substitute that may 

present risk to human health or the 

environment where a lower risk 

alternative is available or potentially 

available 22 provides EPA with the 

authority to change the listing status of 

a particular substitute if such a change 

is justified by new information or 

changed circumstance. 

As described in this document and 

elsewhere, including the original SNAP 

rulemaking published in the Federal 

Register at 59 FR 13044 on March 18, 

1994, the SNAP program evaluates 

substitutes within a comparative risk 

framework. The SNAP program 

compares new substitutes both to the 

ozone-depleting substances being 

phased out under the Montreal Protocol 

on Substances that Deplete the Ozone 

Layer and the CAA and to other 

available or potentially available 

alternatives for the same end uses. The 

environmental and health risk factors 

that the SNAP program considers 

include ozone depletion potential, 

flammability, toxicity, occupational and 

consumer health and safety, as well as 

contributions to global warming and 

other environmental factors. 

Environmental and human health 

exposures can vary significantly 

depending on the particular application 

of a substitute—and over time, 

information applicable to a substitute 

can change. This approach does not 

imply fundamental tradeoffs with 

respect to different types of risk, either 

to the environment or to human health. 

EPA recognizes that during the twodecade long history of the SNAP 

program, new alternatives and new 

information about alternatives have 

emerged. To the extent possible, EPA 

considers new information and 

improved understanding of the risk 

factors for the environment and human 

health in the context of the available or 

potentially available alternatives for a 

given use. 

The agency publishes its SNAP 

program decisions in the Federal 

Register. EPA uses notice-and-comment 

rulemaking to place any alternative on 

the list of prohibited substitutes, to list 

a substitute as acceptable only subject to 

use conditions or narrowed use limits, 

or to remove a substitute from either the 

list of prohibited or acceptable 

substitutes. 

In contrast, EPA publishes ‘‘notices of 

acceptability’’ or ‘‘determinations of 

acceptability,’’ to notify the public of 

substitutes that are deemed acceptable 

with no restrictions. As described in the 

preamble to the rule initially 

implementing the SNAP program (59 FR 

13044; March 18, 1994), EPA does not 

believe that rulemaking procedures are 

necessary to list alternatives that are 

acceptable without restrictions because 

such listings neither impose any 

sanction nor prevent anyone from using 

a substitute. 

Many SNAP listings include 

‘‘comments’’ or ‘‘further information’’ to 

provide additional information on 

substitutes. Since this additional 

information is not part of the regulatory 

decision, these statements are not 

binding for use of the substitute under 


asabaliauskas on DSK5VPTVN1PROD with RULES
Federal Register / Vol. 79, No. 203 / Tuesday, October 21, 2014 / Rules and Regulations 62871 

the SNAP program. However, regulatory 

requirements so listed are binding under 

other regulatory programs (e.g., worker 

protection regulations promulgated by 

OSHA). The ‘‘further information’’ 

classification does not necessarily 

include all other legal obligations 

pertaining to the use of the substitute. 

While the items listed are not legally 

binding under the SNAP program, EPA 

encourages users of substitutes to apply 

all statements in the ‘‘further 

information’’ column in their use of 

these substitutes. In many instances, the 

information simply refers to sound 

operating practices that have already 

been identified in existing industry and/ 

or building codes or standards. Thus 

many of the statements, if adopted, 

would not require the affected user to 

make significant changes in existing 

operating practices. 

D. Additional Information about the 

SNAP Program 

For copies of the comprehensive 

SNAP lists of substitutes or additional 

information on SNAP, refer to the EPA’s 

Ozone Depletion Web site at: 

www.epa.gov/ozone/snap. For more 

information on the agency’s process for 

administering the SNAP program or 

criteria for evaluation of substitutes, 

refer to the SNAP final rulemaking 

published March 18, 1994 (59 FR 

13044), codified at 40 CFR part 82, 

subpart G. A complete chronology of 

SNAP decisions and the appropriate 

citations are found at: www.epa.gov/

ozone/snap/chron.html. 

List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 82 

Environmental protection, 

Administrative practice and procedure, 

Air pollution control, Reporting and 

recordkeeping requirements. 

Dated: October 15, 2014. 

Sarah Dunham, 

Director, Office of Atmospheric Programs. 

Appendix A: Summary of Acceptable 

Decisions 

REFRIGERATION AND AIR CONDITIONING

End-use Substitute Decision Further information 1

Centrifugal chillers (retrofit and 

new).

R–450A (Solstice ® N–13) ..... Acceptable ........ R–450A has a 100-year global warming potential (GWP) of 

approximately 604. This substitute is a blend of HFC– 

134a, which is also known as 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane 

(CAS Reg. No. 811–97–2), and HFO–1234ze(E), which is 

also known as trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene (CAS 

Reg. No. 29118–24–9). 

This blend is nonflammable. 

The American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA) has 

established workplace environmental exposure limits 

(WEELs) of 1,000 ppm and 800 ppm (8-hr TWA) for 

HFC–134a and HFO–1234ze(E). 

Reciprocating, screw and 

scroll chillers (retrofit and 

new).

R–450A (Solstice ® N–13) ..... Acceptable ........ R–450A has a 100-year GWP of approximately 604. This 

substitute is a blend of HFC–134a, which is also known 

as 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No. 811–97–2) 

and HFO–1234ze(E) which is also known as trans1,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene (CAS Reg. No. 29118–24– 

9). 

This blend is nonflammable. 

The AIHA has established WEELs of 1,000 ppm and 800 

ppm (8-hr TWA) for HFC–134a and HFO–1234ze(E). 

Industrial process refrigeration 

(retrofit and new).

R–450A (Solstice ® N–13) ..... Acceptable ........ R–450A has a 100-year GWP of approximately 604. This 

substitute is a blend of HFC–134a, which is also known 

as 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No. 811–97–2) 

and HFO–1234ze(E) which is also known as trans1,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene (CAS Reg. No. 29118–24– 

9). 

This blend is nonflammable. 

The AIHA has established WEELs of 1,000 ppm and 800 

ppm (8-hr TWA) for HFC–134a and HFO–1234ze(E). 

Industrial process air conditioning (retrofit and new).R–450A (Solstice ® N–13) ..... Acceptable ........ R–450A has a 100-year GWP of approximately 604. This 

substitute is a blend of HFC–134a, which is also known 

as 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No. 811–97–2) 

and HFO–1234ze(E) which is also known as trans1,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene (CAS Reg. No. 29118–24– 

9). 

This blend is nonflammable. 

The AIHA has established WEELs of 1,000 ppm and 800 

ppm (8-hr TWA) for HFC–134a and HFO–1234ze(E). 

Cold storage warehouses (retrofit and new).R–450A (Solstice ® N–13) ..... Acceptable ........ R–450A has a 100-year GWP of approximately 604. This 

substitute is a blend of HFC–134a, which is also known 

as 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No. 811–97–2) 

and HFO–1234ze(E) which is also known as trans1,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene (CAS Reg. No. 29118–24– 

9). 

This blend is nonflammable. 


asabaliauskas on DSK5VPTVN1PROD with RULES
62872 Federal Register / Vol. 79, No. 203 / Tuesday, October 21, 2014 / Rules and Regulations 

REFRIGERATION AND AIR CONDITIONING—Continued 

End-use Substitute Decision Further information 1

The AIHA has established WEELs of 1,000 ppm and 800 

ppm (8-hr TWA) for HFC–134a and HFO–1234ze(E). 

Refrigerated transport (new 

only).

Carbon dioxide (CO2 or R– 

744).

Acceptable ........ The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) 

has established a required 8 hour/day, 40 hour/week permissible exposure limit (PEL) for CO2 of 5,000 ppm. The 

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health 

(NIOSH) has established a 15-minute recommended 

short-term exposure limit (STEL) of 30,000 ppm. 

CO2 is nonflammable. 

EPA recommends that users follow all requirements and 

recommendations specified in American Society for Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers 

(ASHRAE) standard 15. 

Refrigerated transport (retrofit 

and new).

R–450A (Solstice ® N–13) ..... Acceptable ........ R–450A has a 100-year GWP of approximately 604. This 

substitute is a blend of HFC–134a, which is also known 

as 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No. 811–97–2) 

and HFO–1234ze(E) which is also known as trans1,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene (CAS Reg. No. 29118–24– 

9). 

This blend is nonflammable. 

The AIHA has established WEELs of 1,000 ppm and 800 

ppm (8-hr TWA) for HFC–134a and HFO–1234ze(E). 

Retail food refrigeration (retrofit and new).R–450A (Solstice ® N–13) ..... Acceptable ........ R–450A has a 100-year GWP of approximately 604. This 

substitute is a blend of HFC–134a, which is also known 

as 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No. 811–97–2) 

and HFO–1234ze(E) which is also known as trans1,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene (CAS Reg. No. 29118–24– 

9). 

This blend is nonflammable. 

The AIHA has established WEELs of 1,000 ppm and 800 

ppm (8-hr TWA) for HFC–134a and HFO–1234ze(E). 

This decision applies to all types of equipment in this sector, including remote systems, condensing units, and 

stand-alone equipment. 

Vending machines (retrofit 

only).

R–450A (Solstice ® N–13) ..... Acceptable ........ R–450A has a 100-year GWP of approximately 604. This 

substitute is a blend of HFC–134a, which is also known 

as 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No. 811–97–2) 

and HFO–1234ze(E) which is also known as trans1,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene (CAS Reg. No. 29118–24– 

9). 

This blend is nonflammable. 

The AIHA has established WEELs of 1,000 ppm and 800 

ppm (8-hr TWA) for HFC–134a and HFO–1234ze(E). 

Commercial ice machines (retrofit and new).R–450A (Solstice ® N–13) ..... Acceptable ........ R–450A has a 100-year GWP of approximately 604. This 

substitute is a blend of HFC–134a, which is also known 

as 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No. 811–97–2) 

and HFO–1234ze(E) which is also known as trans1,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene (CAS Reg. No. 29118–24– 

9). 

This blend is nonflammable. 

The AIHA has established WEELs of 1,000 ppm and 800 

ppm (8-hr TWA) for HFC–134a and HFO–1234ze(E). 

Water coolers (retrofit and 

new).

R–450A (Solstice ® N–13) ..... Acceptable ........ R–450A has a 100-year GWP of approximately 604. This 

substitute is a blend of HFC–134a, which is also known 

as 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No. 811–97–2) 

and HFO–1234ze(E) which is also known as trans1,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene (CAS Reg. No. 29118–24– 

9). 

This blend is nonflammable. 

The AIHA has established WEELs of 1,000 ppm and 800 

ppm (8-hr TWA) for HFC–134a and HFO–1234ze(E). 


asabaliauskas on DSK5VPTVN1PROD with RULES
Federal Register / Vol. 79, No. 203 / Tuesday, October 21, 2014 / Rules and Regulations 62873 

REFRIGERATION AND AIR CONDITIONING—Continued 

End-use Substitute Decision Further information 1

Household refrigerators and 

freezers (retrofit and new).

R–450A (Solstice ® N–13) ..... Acceptable ........ R–450A has a 100-year GWP of approximately 604. This 

substitute is a blend of HFC–134a, which is also known 

as 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No. 811–97–2) 

and HFO–1234ze(E) which is also known as trans1,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene (CAS Reg. No. 29118–24– 

9). 

This blend is nonflammable. 

The AIHA has established a WEELs of 1,000 ppm and 800 

ppm (8-hr TWA) for HFC–134a and HFO–1234ze(E). 

Non-mechanical heat transfer 

(new only).

Trans-1-chloro-3,3,3- 

trifluoroprop-1-ene (SolsticeTM 1233zd(E)).

Acceptable ........ Trans-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene (CAS Reg. No. 

102687–65–0) has an ODP of approximately 0.00024 to 

0.00034. It has a 100-year GWP of 1 to 7. 

This compound is nonflammable. 

The AIHA has established a WEEL of 800 ppm (8-hr TWA) 

for trans-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene. 

1Observe recommendations in the manufacturer’s MSDS and guidance for all listed refrigerants. 

FOAM BLOWING AGENTS

End-use Substitute Decision Further information1

Rigid polyurethane and 

polyisocyanurate laminated 

boardstock.

Methylal (dimethoxymethane) Acceptable ........ Methylal (CAS Reg. No. 109–87–5) has a 100-yr global 

warming potential (GWP) of less than three. This substitute is flammable and meets the definition of a flammable Class IB fluid under the Occupational Safety and 

Health Administration’s (OSHA’s) regulations at 29 CFR 

1910.106. 

The American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) has established a Threshold Limit Value 

(TLV) of 1,000 ppm (8-hr time-weighted average (TWA)) 

for methylal (dimethoxymethane). 

HFO–1336mzz(Z) ((Z)- 

1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobut-2- 

ene, Formacel® 1100).

Acceptable ........ HFO–1336mzz(Z) (CAS Reg. No. 692–49–9) has no ozone 

depletion potential (ODP) and a 100-year GWP of roughly 

9. 

This compound is nonflammable. 

The manufacturer recommends an acceptable exposure 

limit of 500 ppm over an 8-hour TWA for HFO– 

1336mzz(Z). 

Rigid polyurethane appliance .. Methylal (dimethoxymethane) Acceptable ........ Methylal (CAS Reg. No. 109–87–5) has a 100-yr GWP of 

less than three. This substitute is flammable and meets 

the definition of a flammable Class IB fluid under OSHA’s 

regulations at 29 CFR 1910.106. 

The ACGIH has established a TLV of 1,000 ppm (8-hr 

TWA) for methylal (dimethoxymethane). 

HFO–1336mzz(Z) ((Z)- 

1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobut-2- 

ene, Formacel® 1100).

Acceptable ........ HFO–1336mzz(Z) (CAS Reg. No. 692–49–9) has no ozone 

depletion potential (ODP) and a 100-year GWP of roughly 

9. 

This compound is nonflammable. 

The manufacturer recommends an acceptable exposure 

limit of 500 ppm over an 8-hour TWA for HFO– 

1336mzz(Z). 

Rigid polyurethane commercial 

refrigeration and sandwich 

panels.

Methylal (dimethoxymethane) Acceptable ........ Methylal (CAS Reg. No. 109–87–5) has a 100-yr GWP of 

less than three. This substitute is flammable and meets 

the definition of a flammable Class IB fluid under OSHA’s 

regulations at 29 CFR 1910.106. 

The ACGIH has established a TLV of 1,000 ppm (8-hr 

TWA) for methylal (dimethoxymethane). 

HFO–1336mzz(Z) ((Z)- 

1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobut-2- 

ene, Formacel® 1100).

Acceptable ........ HFO–1336mzz(Z) (CAS Reg. No. 692–49–9) has no ODP 

and a 100-year GWP of roughly 9. 

This compound is nonflammable. 

The manufacturer recommends an acceptable exposure 

limit of 500 ppm over an 8-hour TWA for HFO– 

1336mzz(Z). 


asabaliauskas on DSK5VPTVN1PROD with RULES
62874 Federal Register / Vol. 79, No. 203 / Tuesday, October 21, 2014 / Rules and Regulations 

FOAM BLOWING AGENTS—Continued 

End-use Substitute Decision Further information1

Rigid polyurethane slabstock 

and other.

Methylal (dimethoxymethane) Acceptable ........ Methylal (CAS Reg. No. 109–87–5) has a 100-yr GWP of 

less than three. This substitute is flammable and meets 

the definition of a flammable Class IB fluid under OSHA’s 

regulations at 29 CFR 1910.106. 

The ACGIH has established a TLV of 1,000 ppm (8-hr 

TWA) for methylal (dimethoxymethane). 

HFO–1336mzz(Z) ((Z)- 

1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobut-2- 

ene, Formacel® 1100).

Acceptable ........ HFO–1336mzz(Z) (CAS Reg. No. 692–49–9) has no ODP 

and a 100-year GWP of roughly 9. 

This compound is nonflammable. 

The manufacturer recommends an acceptable exposure 

limit of 500 ppm over an 8-hour TWA for HFO– 

1336mzz(Z). 

Flexible polyurethane .............. Methylal (dimethoxymethane) Acceptable ........ Methylal (CAS Reg. No. 109–87–5) has a 100-yr GWP of 

less than three. This compound is flammable and meets 

the definition of a flammable Class IB fluid under OSHA’s 

regulations at 29 CFR 1910.106. 

The ACGIH has established a TLV of 1,000 ppm (8-hr 

TWA) for methylal (dimethoxymethane). 

HFO–1336mzz(Z) ((Z)- 

1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobut-2- 

ene, Formacel® 1100).

Acceptable ........ HFO–1336mzz(Z) (CAS Reg. No. 692–49–9) has no ODP 

and a 100-yr GWP of roughly 9. 

This compound is nonflammable. 

The manufacturer recommends an acceptable exposure 

limit of 500 ppm over an 8-hour TWA for HFO– 

1336mzz(Z). 

Trans-1-chloro-3,3,3- 

trifluoroprop-1-ene (SolsticeTM 1233zd(E)).

Acceptable ........ Trans-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene (CAS Reg. No. 

102687–65–0) has an ODP of approximately 0.00024 to 

0.00034. It has a 100-year GWP of 1 to 7. 

This compound is nonflammable. 

The American Industrial Hygiene Association has established a workplace environmental exposure limit of 800 

ppm (8-hr TWA) for trans-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1- 

ene. 

Integral skin polyurethane ....... Methylal (dimethoxymethane) Acceptable ........ Methylal (CAS Reg. No. 109–87–5) has a 100-yr GWP of 

less than three. This substitute is flammable and meets 

the definition of a flammable Class IB fluid under OSHA’s 

regulations at 29 CFR 1910.106. 

The ACGIH has established a TLV of 1,000 ppm (8-hr 

TWA) for methylal (dimethoxymethane). 

HFO–1336mzz(Z) ((Z)- 

1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobut-2- 

ene, Formacel® 1100).

Acceptable ........ HFO–1336mzz(Z) (CAS Reg. No. 692–49–9) has no ODP 

and a 100-yr GWP of roughly 9. 

This compound is nonflammable. 

The manufacturer recommends an acceptable exposure 

limit of 500 ppm over an 8-hour TWA for HFO– 

1336mzz(Z). 

Phenolic insulation board and 

bunstock.

HFO–1336mzz(Z) ((Z)- 

1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobut-2- 

ene, Formacel® 1100).

Acceptable ........ HFO–1336mzz(Z) (CAS Reg. No. 692–49–9) has no ODP 

and a 100-year GWP of roughly 9. 

This compound is nonflammable. 

The manufacturer recommends an acceptable exposure 

limit of 500 ppm over an 8-hour TWA for HFO– 

1336mzz(Z). 

1Observe recommendations in the manufacturer’s MSDS and manufacturer’s guidance for using all listed foam blowing agents. 

FIRE SUPPRESSION AND EXPLOSION PROTECTION

End-use Substitute Decision Further information 

Total flooding (occupied and 

unoccupied areas).

Powdered Aerosol D (AeroK®, Stat-X®).Acceptable ........ Use of this agent should be in accordance with the safety 

guidelines in the latest edition of the National Fire Protection Association 2010 standard for Aerosol Extinguishing 

Systems. 

For establishments manufacturing the agent or filling, installing, or servicing containers or systems to be used in total 

flooding applications, EPA recommends the following: 


asabaliauskas on DSK5VPTVN1PROD with RULES
Federal Register / Vol. 79, No. 203 / Tuesday, October 21, 2014 / Rules and Regulations 62875 

FIRE SUPPRESSION AND EXPLOSION PROTECTION—Continued 

End-use Substitute Decision Further information 

—the appropriate safety and personal protective equipment (PPE) (e.g., protective gloves, tightly sealed 

goggles, protective work clothing, and particulate-removing respirators with National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health type N95 or better filters) 

consistent with Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) guidelines should be used during manufacture, installation, servicing, and disposal 

of total flooding systems using the agent; 

—adequate ventilation should be in place to reduce airborne exposure to constituents of agent; 

—an eye wash fountain and quick drench facility should 

be close to the production area; 

—training for safe handling procedures should be provided to all employees that would be likely to handle 

containers of the agent or extinguishing units filled 

with the agent; 

—workers responsible for clean up should allow for 

maximum settling of all particulates before reentering 

area and wear appropriate personal protective equipment; and 

—all spills should be cleaned up immediately in accordance with good industrial hygiene practices. 

As required by the manufacturer, units installed in normally 

occupied spaces will be equipped with features such as a 

system-isolate switch and cross-zone detection system to 

reduce risk of accidental activation of an agent generator 

while persons are present in the protected space. Also required by the manufacturer is warning of pending discharge and delay in release to ensure egress prior to activation of the agent to reduce the risk of exposure. 

See additional comments 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. 

1. The EPA recommends that users consult Section VIII of the OSHA Technical Manual for information on selecting the appropriate types of 

personal protective equipment for all listed fire suppression agents. The EPA has no intention of duplicating or displacing OSHA coverage related 

to the use of personal protective equipment (e.g., respiratory protection), fire protection, hazard communication, worker training or any other occupational safety and health standard with respect to halon substitutes. 

2. Use of all listed fire suppression agents should conform to relevant OSHA requirements, including 29 CFR part 1910, subpart L, sections 

1910.160 and 1910.162. 

3. Per OSHA requirements, protective gear (SCBA) should be available in the event personnel should reenter the area. 

4. Discharge testing should be strictly limited to that which is essential to meet safety or performance requirements. 

5. The agent should be recovered from the fire protection system in conjunction with testing or servicing, and recycled for later use or 

destroyed. 

[FR Doc. 2014–24989 Filed 10–20–14; 8:45 am] 

BILLING CODE 6560–50–P 

FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS 

COMMISSION 

47 CFR Part 64 

[CG Docket No. 03–123; FCC 14–125] 

Telecommunications Relay Services 

and Speech-to-Speech Services for 

Individuals With Hearing and Speech 

Disabilities; Waiver of iTRS Mandatory 

Minimum Standards 

AGENCY: Federal Communications 

Commission. 

ACTION: Final rule. 

SUMMARY: In this document, the 

Commission eliminates certain waivers 

of the telecommunications relay service 

(TRS) requirements that are no longer 

necessary, given advances in 

communications technology. At the 

same time, it extends certain existing 

waivers of mandatory minimum 

standards for specific providers for 

which the provision of certain TRS 

features is technologically infeasible at 

this time. The Commission also 

eliminates certain TRS requirements 

that are either not applicable or 

technically not feasible, while ensuring 

that TRS consumers continue to have 

access to communications services that 

are functionally equivalent to voice 

telephone services. Lastly, the 

Commission eliminates an annual 

reporting requirement for TRS 

providers. These actions provide 

regulatory clarity and reduce 

administrative burdens on both TRS 

providers and the Commission and 

ensure that the TRS mandatory 

minimum standards are applicable and 

technologically appropriate for each 

type of TRS. 

DATES: Effective December 22, 2014, 

except for terminations of waivers of 

§§ 64.604(a)(3)(vi)(B) and (C) of the 

Commission’s rules, which shall 

become effective on October 21, 2014. 

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Eliot 

Greenwald, Consumer and 

Governmental Affairs Bureau, Disability 

Rights Office, at (202) 418–2235 or 

email Eliot.Greenwald@fcc.gov. 

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: This is a 

summary of the Commission’s 

Telecommunications Relay Services and 

Speech-to-Speech Services for 

Individuals with Hearing and Speech 

Disabilities; Waiver of iTRS Mandatory 

Minimum Standards Report and Order 

and Order, (Order), document FCC 14– 

125, adopted on August 20, 2014, and 

released on August 22, 2014, in CG 

Docket No. 03–123. In document FCC 

14–125, the Commission also seeks 

comment in an accompanying Further 

Notice of Proposed Rulemaking 

(FNPRM), which is summarized in a 


asabaliauskas on DSK5VPTVN1PROD with RULES