ALUMINUM—2003 5.1 

# ALUMINUM
By Patricia A. Plunkert

Domestic survey data and tables were prepared by Jamal I. Dimashk, statistical assistant, and the world production table was prepared by Linder Roberts, international data coordinator.

In 2003, 7 domestic companies operated 15 primary aluminum reduction plants in 12 States and produced more than 2.7 million metric tons (Mt) of metal. Smelters east of the Mississippi River accounted for about 75% of the production. The value of U.S. production was estimated to be $4.1 billion. Three additional companies had plants that were idled during the year. The 10 domestic producers had a total of 7 smelters that were either temporarily or permanently idled in 2003. At yearend, about 1.5 million metric tons per year (Mt/yr) of domestic primary aluminum smelting capacity, including idled potlines at operating smelters, equivalent to about 35% of total capacity, was closed.

Aluminum recovered from purchased scrap decreased slightly to 2.82 Mt. Of this recovered metal, about 60% came from new (manufacturing) scrap, and 40% came from old (discarded aluminum products) scrap. Aluminum used beverage cans (UBCs) accounted for more than 55% of the reported old scrap consumption in 2003. According to the Aluminum Association Inc. (2004a), the recycling rate for aluminum UBCs was 50%.

The transportation and the container and packaging industries remained the leading markets for aluminum products in Canada and the United States in 2003. The transportation industry accounted for 36% of domestic metal consumption; containers and packaging, 23%; building and construction, 16%; consumer durables, 8%; electrical, 7%; and other uses, 10%.

U.S. imports for consumption increased slightly in 2003 compared with those of 2002. Canada remained the leading shipper of aluminum materials to the United States, followed by Russia. Total exports from the United States in 2003, however, were slightly lower than those of 2002.

The price of primary ingot on the domestic and the international markets fluctuated during the year. The 2003 annual average domestic price, however, increased by more than 3 cents per pound compared with that of the previous year.

At the end of 2003, total world inventories of aluminum, as reported by the International Aluminium Institute (IAI) (2004), increased slightly compared with those of 2002. Inventories of aluminum metal and alloys held by the London Metal Exchange Ltd. (LME) also increased. Primary aluminum was produced in 41 countries in 2003. China, Russia, Canada, and the United States, indecreasing order of metal produced, accounted for more than onehalf of total world production. World primary metal production increased by more than 6% compared with that of 2002.

Production

Primary. —Domestic primary aluminum production, which totaled a reported 2,703,328 metric tons (t), decreased slightly compared with that of 2002. Production data were obtained from the 11 domestic producers, all of whom responded to the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) request for production data. Increases in energy and alumina costs and the relative weakness in aluminum prices were among the reasons cited by several aluminum companies for their decisions to curtail aluminum production.

In March, Columbia Falls Aluminum Co. closed two of the three operating potlines at its 168,000-metric-ton-per-year (t/yr) Columbia Falls, MT, smelter. Each of the five potlines at Columbia Falls had a capacity of about 33,500 t/yr. The Montana smelter was one of the few operating smelters in the Pacific Northwest (Brooks, 2003a).

At the end of March, Goldendale Aluminum Co. (a subsidiary of Golden Northwest Aluminum Co.) closed the remaining 12,000 t/yr of operating capacity at its 160,000-t/yr Goldendale, WA, primary aluminum smelter. At the beginning of the year, the smelter was operating at the rate of 50,000 t/yr. At the beginning of March, 38,000 t/yr of capacity was idled before the decision to close all capacity was made at the end of the month (Brooks, 2003b). At the end of the year, Golden Northwest Aluminum and three subsidiaries (Goldendale Aluminum Co., Goldendale Holding Co., and Northwest Aluminum Technologies) filed a voluntary petition under Chapter 11 to restructure their debt. The filing was limited to Golden Northwest’s aluminum operations and did not include its power development companies, Northwest Energy Development and its subsidiaries (Platts Metals Week, 2003b).

On April 23, Alcoa Inc. announced the temporary closure of 60,000 t/yr of production capacity at its two Massena, NY, smelters. The reduction affected approximately 24% of the smelters’ combined capacity of 255,000 t/yr (Alcoa Inc., 2003n).

On November 1, Alcoa reduced operating capacity at its 278,000-t/yr Ferndale, WA, smelter to 90,000 t/yr. Prior to this reduction, the smelter had been operating two of its three potlines at a rate of 180,000 t/yr (Alcoa Inc., 2003m).

Citing the imbalance between alumina and aluminum prices, Ormet Corp. announced the temporary closure of two of the six potlines (88,000 t/yr) at its 265,000-t/yr Hannibal, OH, smelter at yearend. The company hoped to minimize the impact of low aluminum prices by curtailing some aluminum production and selling the alumina that would have been consumed making the primary metal. Alumina shortages worldwide caused alumina prices to soar in 2003 (Ormet Corp., 2003a).

In March, Longview Aluminum L.L.C. filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in Federal Court in Delaware. In July, the court appointed a Chapter 11 trustee to manage the company’s assets. Longview operated a 240,000-t/yr smelter in Longview, WA (Brooks, 2003c).

In January, Kaiser announced the indefinite curtailment of its Mead, WA, aluminum smelter. The 200,000-t/yr smelter has been closed since January 2001 (Kaiser Aluminum & Chemical Corp., 2003a).5.2 U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MINERALS YEARBOOK—2003 

## Alcoa formalized a plan and process for site restoration at its Troutdale, OR, smelter that was permanently closed in July 2002. The plan included the complete dismantling and demolition of plant structures, removal of process materials and wastes from discrete locations, restoration of Company Lake, and preparation of the site for redevelopment within 3 to 4 years of the start of the project (Alcoa Inc., 2003b).

Century Aluminum Co. purchased Glencore International AG’s 20% interest in the Hawesville, KY, primary aluminum smelter to become the sole owner of the 244,000-t/yr facility (Century Aluminum Co., 2003b). Century also signed a new supply contract with Kaiser Aluminum and Chemical Corp. that covered all of the alumina requirements for the smelter from January 1, 2006, through December 31, 2008. The price of the alumina was to be indexed to the price of primary metal on the LME. The existing supply contract with Kaiser was to expire at the end of 2005 (Century Aluminum Co., 2003a).

Santee Cooper, South Carolina’s state-owned electricity company, signed a 10-year contract to continue to supply electric power to the Mount Holly, SC, primary aluminum smelter until 2015. The jointly owned smelter (Alcoa, 50.33%; Century Aluminum, 49.67%) had the capacity to produce 222,000-t/yr of aluminum (Century Aluminum Co., 2003c).

Noranda Inc. signed a new power supply contract with Brascan Energy Marketing Inc. to provide Noranda’s 250,000-t/ yr, New Madrid, MO, smelter up to 490 megawatt hours (MWh) of electricity per year for a 2-year period commencing June 1. Noranda’s contract with Associated Electric Cooperative expired on May 31 (Noranda Inc., 2004, p. 54).

Alcoa approved an $83 million investment to develop the Three Oaks Mine, in central Texas, that reportedly will produce lignite coal for Alcoa’s nearby Rockdale, TX, powerplant for the next 35 years. Electricity from the plant powered Alcoa’s 264,000-t/yr Rockdale aluminum smelter (Alcoa Inc., 2003i).

Walter Industries Inc. announced the sale of its subsidiary (JW Aluminum Co.) to Wellspring Capital Management LLC. JW Aluminum operated a 100,000-t/yr rolling mill in Mount Holly that produced aluminum finstock and building products sheet (Platts Metals Week, 2003d).

Alcoa relocated two welded tube production lines and supporting equipment to its Texarkana, TX, plant. The equipment was purchased from the former Scottsboro Aluminum LLC rolling mill in Alabama. Welded tube lines transform coiled aluminum sheet into a tube or other cylindrical shape, longitudinally welding the product that can be found in a variety of furniture, medical-aid, and recreational applications (Alcoa Inc., 2003k).

Commonwealth Industries Inc., Louisville, KY, and Wise Alloys LLC, Muscle Shoals, AL, announced a 5-year strategic alliance under which Commonwealth will market Commonwealth Aluminum-branded, wide-width coil products manufactured by Wise Alloys. Wise manufactured sheet 72 to 108 inches wide (Commonwealth Industries Inc., 2003a).

Commonwealth signed new labor agreements with workers at three of its facilities. On April 10, members of the United Steelworkers of America ratified a new 5-year agreement that covered employees of Commonwealth’s Lewisport, KY, rolling mill. The agreement replaced the old contract that expired on July 31 (Commonwealth Industries Inc., 2003c). On December 22, employees represented by the Glass, Molders, Pottery Workers International Union ratified a 3-year agreement that covered workers at the Uhrichsville, OH, rolling mill and the Bedford, OH, coil coating facility. The new agreement extends through December 31, 2006 (Commonwealth Industries Inc., 2003b).

Secondary. —Metal recovered from new and old scrap decreased slightly to 2.82 Mt in 2003 (table 3), according to data derived by the USGS from its “Aluminum Scrap” survey. Of the 69 companies and/or plants to which monthly or annual survey requests were sent, 35 responded; they represented 76% of the total scrap consumed, as listed in table 4.

According to figures released by the Aluminum Association Inc., the Can Manufacturers Institute, and the Institute of Scrap Recycling Industries, 49.9 billion aluminum UBCs were recycled in the United States in 2003, for a beverage can recycling rate of 50%. For 22 of the past 23 years, the rate has equaled or exceeded 50% (Aluminum Association Inc., 2004a).

Hydro Aluminium announced an $11 million upgrade at its remelt facility in Ellenville, NY. The upgrade included improvements in the scrap handling facility and the casting unit. Upon completion in 2004, the facility would have a remelt capacity of more than 60,000 t/yr (Hydro Aluminium, 2003a).

IMCO Recycling Inc. closed its Rockwood, TN, smelter and transferred the plant’s remaining business to IMCO’s Loudon, TN, and Morgantown, KY, facilities (Platts Metals Week, 2003c).

IMCO reached a 5-year tolling agreement with Metal Conversions Limited, a privately owned metal trading company that operated several scrap yards. IMCO planned to recycle Metal Conversions’ aluminum materials and produce ingot, molten metal, and deoxidation products for the steel industry. As part of the agreement, IMCO purchased several casting lines located at Metals Conversions’ Painesville, OH, plant resulting in an increase of more than 180,000 t (400 million pounds) of processing volume during the following 5 years (IMCO Recycling Inc., 2003).

Consumption

The end-use shipment data reported by the Aluminum Association includes aluminum product shipments in both the United States and Canada. In 2003, the combined United States and Canadian shipments of aluminum products to the transportation industry totaled 3.52 Mt. Shipments to the container and packaging industry, which was the second largest end-use market, was 2.24 Mt. Total shipments, excluding exports, of aluminum products in 2003 increased marginally compared with those of 2002 (table 6).

Alcoa was selected to supply Canadian aircraft manufacturer Bombardier Aerospace with aluminum flat-rolled products for its regional and business jets. As part of a multiyear agreement, Alcoa was to supply Bombardier with structural components and wing and fuselage skins for all Bombardier aircraft, including its Bombardier CRJ series and its Learjet, Challenger, and Global Express families of aircraft (Alcoa Inc., 2003j). Alcoa Howmet Castings was selected to provide components for the Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) aircraft and the European Airbus 380. Howmet was to manufacture a hydraulic vessel and cover that will fit into a contoured space in the wing of the Airbus 380 (Alcoa Inc., 2003h). Howmet was awarded contractsALUMINUM—2003 5.3 

## by Honeywell International to develop seven new castings that will support Honeywell’s Thermal Power Management System for the JSF. In addition, Howmet was awarded sole-source contracts by Pratt and Whitney Aircraft for all six of the turbine airfoils in the JSF main engine (Alcoa Inc., 2003g).

Universal Alloy Corp. purchased the extrusion press assets of Spectrulite Consortium Inc. in St. Louis, MO. The equipment would allow Universal to enter a new sector of the aerospace aluminum extrusion market. Universal’s existing presses produced extrusions for fuselage applications, whereas the Spectrulite presses will produce the much larger extrusions for wing applications (Haflich, 2003).

Not all of the news from the aerospace industry, however, was good. Boeing Co. announced that its new 7E7 twin-engine commercial jet, named the Dreamliner, would use nonmetallic composite material in the construction of both the wing and fuselage rather than aluminum alloys. Aluminum use in the Dreamliner was expected to be 20% of the aircraft’s weight as compared with 70% for Boeing’s last new airliner, the 777. Composites, mainly within the vertical and horizontal tail structures, contributed 12% to the weight of the 777 compared with an expected 50% in the 7E7. Although the Dreamliner had been approved for sale, it could be more than 5 years before the 7E7 carries its first passenger (Ahmadzadeh, 2003).

Preliminary reports indicated that aluminum and other lightweight materials increased their use in the 2004-model cars and trucks. Aluminum picked up new production parts applications to boost the content of casting, extruding, sheet, and forging alloys by an estimated 4.3% to an average of 131 kilograms (289.5 pounds) per vehicle in automobiles, sport utility vehicles, trucks, vans, wagons, and cross-over vehicles built by automakers in North America. New powertrain parts applications, particularly engine cylinder blocks, heads, covers, bedplates, and oil pans, led the list of additional aluminum uses in the 2004 models. There were some modest increases for aluminum sheet, extrusion, and forging alloys in body, driveline, structural, and suspensions system applications (Wrigley, 2003b).

Alcoa was awarded a contract to supply aluminum for the hoods of Ford Motor Company’s redesigned F-150 pickup trucks (Alcoa Inc., 2003a). Alcan began construction of a new manufacturing facility for the production of aluminum structural assemblies for the automotive industry. The new plant in Saguenay, Quebec, Canada, along with the newly completed facility in Novi, MI, was expected to manufacture aluminum bumper beams (Alcan Inc., 2003e). Superior Industries International Inc. signed a multiyear contract to supply Ford with five different wheel styles for the F-150. Superior could need as much as 11,800 t/yr (26 million pounds per year) of aluminum alloy A356 to produce these wheels. Aluminum wheels were expected to be purchased on 45% or more of these vehicles each year (Wrigley, 2003c). Toyota Motor Manufacturing North America chose Jackson, TN, as the location for a new diecasting plant that will produce V-6 and V-8 engine blocks. The plant will be operated by Bodine Aluminum Inc., a subsidiary of Toyota. The plant was expected to begin production in 2005, expand during several years, and eventually turn out 1 million blocks per year. This level of production could require about 22,700 t/yr (50 million pounds per year) of A380 alloy (Wrigley, 2003a). Ball Corp., and Daiwa Can Co. and Mitsui & Co. Ltd. of Japan agreed to sell and distribute Daiwa’s New Bottle Can© 

## aluminum beverage container in North America. The reclosable can comes in three sizes ranging from 350 to 500 milliliters. More than three billion New Bottle Cans ©

## have been sold worldwide since 2000 (Metal Bulletin Monthly, 2003).

Rexam PLC announced the planned closure of its aluminum can end manufacturing plant in San Leandro, CA, in 2004 to bring its beverage can- and end-making capacity into line with market demand. The plant manufactured 5.5 billion can ends per year (Platts Metals Week, 2003f).

Ormet Corp. announced the sale of its Iuka Lamination Division to Packaging Dynamics Corporation as part of its plan to concentrate on its core business areas of primary aluminum and fabricated mill products. Iuka produced laminated foil for the insulation, food packaging, gift wrap, and label stocks markets (Ormet Corp., 2003b).

Alcoa sold its polyethylene terephthalate (PET) packaging business in South America to Michigan-based Amcor PET Packaging for $75 million. The sale was part of Alcoa’s previously announced divestiture program to sell certain noncore businesses. Alcoa planned to continue to serve customers in the packaging and beverage industry throughout Latin America through its other packaging businesses (Alcoa Inc., 2003e).

Stocks

Producer inventory data reported by the Aluminum Association were revised to include inventories held by both United States and Canadian producers. The combined United States and Canadian producers inventories of aluminum ingot, mill products, and scrap totaled 1.4 Mt at yearend 2003 (Aluminum Association Inc., 2004b). The LME reported that primary aluminum metal ingot at its U.S. warehouses increased dramatically to more than 107,000 t at yearend 2003 from 650 t at yearend 2002. At yearend, U.S. LME warehouses also held more than 99,300 t of North American Special Aluminium Alloy Contract (NASAAC) metal ingot, a significant increase from the 44,200 t held at the end of 2002. These warehouses also held an additional 700 t of aluminum alloy ingot, the first time U.S. warehouses have held yearend inventories of alloy ingot since 1999 (London Metal Exchange Ltd., 2003).

Prices

The monthly average U.S. market price of primary aluminum metal, as reported by Platts Metals Week, fluctuated throughout the year. The monthly average price began the year at 66.3 cents per pound, reached a low for the year of 64.5 cents per pound in April, and, by December, had risen to 73.9 cents per pound. The average price in 2003 increased to 68.1 cents per pound, up from 64.9 cents per pound in 2002.

The LME average monthly cash price for high-grade primary aluminum ingot and the average monthly spot settlement price for primary aluminum ingot on the COMEX division of the New York Commodity Exchange, Inc. followed the same general trend as the U.S. market price. The 2003 average annual LME cash price increased to 64.9 cents per pound from 61.2 cents per pound in 2002. The COMEX monthly average spot settlement price5.4 U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MINERALS YEARBOOK—2003 

## increased from 65.6 cents per pound in January to 73.5 cents per pound in December and averaged 67.0 cents per pound for the year.

Purchase prices for aluminum scrap, as quoted by American Metal Market, also fluctuated but closed at higher levels than those at the beginning of the year. The 2003 yearend price ranges for selected types of aluminum scrap were as follows: mixed low-copper-content aluminum clips, 57 to 58 cents per pound; old sheet and cast aluminum, 54 to 55 cents per pound; and clean, dry aluminum turnings, 53 to 54 cents per pound.

Aluminum producers’ buying price range for processed and delivered UBCs, as quoted by American Metal Market, also closed higher at yearend. The price range began the year at 49 to 51 cents per pound and closed the year at 53.5 to 55 cents per pound. The annual average American Metal Market price for aluminum UBCs increased to 50.5 cents per pound in 2003 from 47.4 cents per pound in 2002.

The yearend indicator prices for selected secondary aluminum ingots, as published in American Metal Market, also increased compared with those at the beginning of the year. The closing prices for 2003 were as follows: alloy A380 (3% zinc content), 84 cents per pound; alloy B380 (1% zinc content), 85.3 cents per pound; alloy A360 (0.6% copper content), 88.2 cents per pound; alloy A413 (0.6% copper content), 88.1 cents per pound; and alloy 319, 87.6 cents per pound. Platts Metals Week published an annual average U.S. price of 70.2 cents per pound for A380 alloy (3% zinc content). The average annual LME cash price for a similar A380 alloy was 63.5 cents per pound and the annual average LME NASAAC cash price was 63 cents per pound.

Trade

Total exports of aluminum materials from the United States in 2003 were slightly lower than those of 2002 (table 8). An increase in exports of crude metal and alloys was overshadowed by decreases in exports of semifabricated material and aluminum scrap (table 9). About two-thirds of total U.S. exports in 2003 was shipped to Canada and Mexico. Shipments to China, 90% of which were in the form of aluminum scrap, accounted for an additional 17% of total exports.

Imports for consumption, however, increased slightly compared with those of the previous year (table 10). Canada remained the major source country, supplying 60% of the total imports in 2003 (table 11), and Russia continued to be the second leading supplier.

World Review

World production of primary aluminum metal increased 6% in 2003 compared with that of 2002 (table 12). China, Russia, Canada, and the United States, in decreasing order of metal produced, accounted for more than one-half of total world production.

Unwrought aluminum inventories held by members of the IAI decreased to 1.63 Mt at yearend 2003 from 1.66 Mt at yearend 2002. Unwrought aluminum is defined by the IAI as aluminum in its basic form made from primary metal or from scrap that is unworked in the metallurgical sense. IAI total aluminum inventories increased slightly to 2.97 Mt at yearend 2003 from 2.93 Mt at yearend 2002. Total aluminum is unwrought aluminum plus unprocessed scrap, metal in process, and finished semifabricated (mill) products (International Aluminium Institute, 2004).

Yearend 2003 inventories of primary aluminum metal held by the LME increased to 1.42 Mt from 1.24 Mt at yearend 2002. Aluminum alloy inventories also increased to 62,600 t at yearend 2003 from 34,700 t at yearend 2002; and NASAAC ingot inventories increased to 99,300 t from 44,200 t at yearend 2002 (London Metal Exchange Ltd., 2003).

Industry Mergers.—On July 7, Alcan Inc. announced an unsolicited offer to acquire Pechiney securities. In August, Alcan received clearance from the French Government to proceed with the purchase. In September, the European Commission granted acquisition clearance subject to certain commitments and conditions. To meet the Commission’s regulatory concerns in relation to aluminum flat-rolled products, Alcan undertook to divest either a 50% share in the AluNorf rolling mill and its Göttingenand Nachterstedt rolling mills or Pechiney’s rolling mills at NeufBrisach, Rugles, and if necessary, the Annecy rolling mill. Alcan’s Latchford recycling/casting operations also could be added to either the Alunorf or Neuf-Brisach packages. In addition, Alcan agreed to undertakings with the European Commission for the licensing of alumina refining technology, aluminum smelter cell technology, and anode baking furnace designs. Alcan also would eliminate the overlap arising from Alcan’s and Pechiney’s activities in aluminum aerosol cans and aluminum cartridges. The U.S. Department of Justice granted clearance for the acquisition upon the condition that Alcan divest itself of Pechiney’s aluminum rolling mill located in Ravenswood, WV, to meet the Department’s concerns involving the concentration of suppliers in the North American market for aluminum brazing sheet. By the beginning of 2004, Alcan had completed the purchase of all outstanding Pechiney securities, and Pechiney became an Alcan subsidiary (Alcan Inc., 2004, p. 10-16).

Australia.—Non-ferrous Metal Industry Foreign Engineering and Construction Company (NFC) of China signed an engineering and supply contract with Aldoga Aluminium Smelter Ltd. for the construction of a 420,000-t/yr smelter near Gladstone in Queensland. Construction was expected to begin in 2004 and the first metal poured in 2006. A planned third potline that would increase capacity to 630,00 t/yr would require additional environmental approvals since existing agreements limited total capacity at the smelter to 560,000 t/ yr. Aldoga and NFC also reportedly signed a cooperation agreement to develop a bauxite mine and associated 4-Mt/yr alumina refinery in Australia (Clarke, 2003).

Azerbaijan. —Fondel Metal Participation B.V. announced plans to build a new, more energy efficient 100,000-t/yr primary aluminum smelter near the Gyandzha alumina refinery. The first 50,000 t/yr was expected to come online in 2005. Fondel was also modernizing the Sumgait smelter and upgrading the Gyandzha refinery (Interfax Mining & Metals Report, 2003a).

Bahrain. —Aluminium Bahrain (Alba) began construction of a fifth 307,000-t/yr potline at its primary aluminum smelter in Knuff. The line would use AP30S technology from Pechiney, similar to Alba’s fourth potline, have 336 cells, and extend more than 1 kilometer in length. A new 650-megawatt (MW) power complex would service the new potline. Upon completion, scheduled for February 2005, capacity would increase to more than 800,000 t/yr, making it the world’s largest aluminum smelter outside Eastern Europe (Henry, 2003).ALUMINUM—2003 5.5 

## In September, the Government of Bahrain and Alcoa signed a memorandum of understanding (MOU) that paved the way forAlcoa to acquire up to 26% equity in Alba and included a longterm alumina supply arrangement for the smelter. The MOU was also designed to accelerate plans for an additional 307,000-t/yr (sixth) potline that would increase smelter capacity to more than 1.1 Mt/yr. Final agreements on the equity stake were expected to be concluded in mid-2004 and become effective upon completion of the fifth potline in early 2005 (Alcoa Inc., 2003l).

Brazil. —Alcoa acquired the Camargo Correa Group’s 40.9% interest in Alcoa’s South American operations, comprising businesses in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Peru, Uruguay, and Venezuela. The largest subsidiary in the Group is Alcoa Aluminio S.A. that operated mining, refining, smelting, and fabrication facilities at various locations in Brazil. These assets included the 300,000-t/yr Pocos de Caldas alumina refinery and 91,000-t/yr aluminum smelter along with a 35.1% interest in the 1.33-Mt/yr Alumar refinery and a 53.7% interest in the 370,000- t/yr Alumar smelter in Sao Luis (Alcoa Inc., 2003d).

Companhia Brasileira de Alumínio (CBA) completed a $370 million, 100,000-t/yr expansion at its smelter in Sao Paulo. The expansion increased the smelter’s capacity to 340,000 t/yr (American Metal Market, 2003c).

Alcoa sold its 37% interest in Latas de Aluminio, S.A. (Latasa), an aluminum can business in Sao Paulo, to Rexam, a global beverage canmaker. Latasa operated six facilities in Brazil, and one each in Argentina and Chile (Alcoa Inc., 2003q).

Brunei. —The Brunei Economic Development Board and Alcoa signed an MOU to undertake a feasibility study on the establishment of an aluminum smelter and its associated infrastructure in Brunei. Alcoa would carry out the study in two phases during a period of 24 months beginning in the fourth quarter of 2003 (Alcoa Inc., 2003o).

Canada. —Alcan announced an $18 million investment for a new facility in Saguenay, Quebec, for the production of aluminum structural assemblies for the automotive industry. Initially, the facility was expected to produce 600,000 aluminum bumpers per year but could eventually expand its product range to includeside-impact beams, instrument panel supports, and other weightsaving structural subsystems. Production was scheduled to start in the fourth quarter of 2004 (Alcan Inc., 2003e).

Alcan completed the acquisition of VAW Flexible Packaging from Norsk Hydro. The purchase included 14 flexible packaging plants in 8 countries that manufactured a wide variety of products for the food, dairy, and pharmaceutical industries (Alcan Inc., 2003c).

Alcan developed a new treatment for spent potliners and announced plans to build an 80,000-t/yr treatment facility in Saguenay, Quebec, in the Lac-Saint-Jean region. It would use Alcan’s Low Caustic Leaching & Liming (LCLL) Process. The new treatment plant was expected to reduce Alcan’s treatment costs and provide the opportunity to treat spent potliners from other aluminum producers in the area. Construction was scheduled to begin in 2004 (Alcan Inc., 2003b).

Chile. —Noranda Inc. announced the temporary suspension of some of the developmental activities related to the 440,000-t/yr Alumysa aluminum smelter (Noranda Inc., 2003).

China. —Alcan announced the signing of a definitive jointventure agreement with the Qingtonxia Aluminum Company and the Ningxia Electric Power Development and Investment Co. Ltd. that gives Alcan 50% participation in an existing 150,000-t/yr smelter. Alcan also obtained the option to acquire up to 80% of a new 250,000-t/yr potline already under construction (Alcan Inc., 2003a).

Baotou Aluminum Co. and Pechiney reached an agreementfor the construction of a new production unit for highpurity aluminum to be used in the manufacture of electronic components and capacitors. Initial production capacity of 5,000 t/yr of 99.99%-pure aluminum was expected to come online by the end of 2004 (Pechiney, 2003b).

Hydro Aluminium announced plans to construct a precision aluminum tubing plant in Suzhou, north of Shanghai. The plant was to produce precision drawn tubing, multiport extrusions, and extruded tubular profiles used in automotive heat transfer applications. The extrusion press was expected to be installed in July 2004 and production scheduled to begin by yearend 2004 (Hydro Aluminium, 2003b).

France. —Pechiney announced the closure of its 48,000- t/yr Auzat primary aluminum smelter in Ariege. Obsolete technology and poor economics were cited as reasons for the closure (Pechiney, 2003a).

Pechiney became the sole owner of the 250,000-t/yr Aluminium Dunkerque smelter by agreeing to purchase the remaining 65% of the plant from its financial partners (Pechiney, 2003c).

Ghana. —Kaiser announced the temporary closure of its 90%- owned Volta Aluminium Company Limited (Valco) primary aluminum smelter. Valco has five potlines, each with a capacity of 40,000 t/yr. During the last few years, Kaiser was forced to slowly reduce production levels in response to power allocation cuts owing to drought conditions that affected output at the Volta River Authority hydroelectric powerplant at Lake Akosombo. Valco operated four potlines in 2000, 2001, and early 2002, but was forced to close one of these potlines in March and another in December 2002. A third was closed in January 2003 (Kaiser Aluminum & Chemical Corp., 2003c).

In December, Kaiser signed an MOU to sell its interest in Valco to the Republic of Ghana. The transaction is subject to number of approvals, including 10%-owner Alcoa’s right of first refusal pursuant to Valco’s corporate governance requirements (Kaiser Aluminum & Chemical Corp., 2003b).

Iceland. —Alcoa finalized agreements with the Government of Iceland and Landsvirkjun, Iceland’s National Power Company, to build the 322,000-t/yr Fjardaal aluminum smelter in Eastern Iceland. The $1.1 billion facility was expected to begin production in 2007 (Alcoa Inc., 2003f). Bechtel and an Icelandic engineering consortium (Honnon, Rafhonnun, VST) were chosen to design and build the new smelter (Alcoa Inc., 2003c).

Nordic Aluminium Oyj (Nordural) secured electricity supply contracts that would provide the power required to double capacity at its smelter to 180,000 t/yr. Sudurnes Heating Service and Reykjavik Energy were each to construct an 80-megawatt (MW) plant to provide the 150 MW of power that expansion would require. Nordural was owned by U.S.-based Columbia Ventures Corp. (Mining Journal, 2003b).

India. —Bharat Aluminium Corp. initiated plans to increase capacity at its 103,000-t/yr Korba smelter by an additional 250,000 t/yr. The $850 million project was scheduled for5.6 U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MINERALS YEARBOOK—2003 

## completion by yearend 2005. Increasing generating capacity at the captive powerplant and expanding alumina capacity were also being considered (CRU Aluminium Monitor, 2003b).

Hindalco Industries Ltd. completed the expansion of its facilities at Renukoot that increased capacity of the complex to 660,000 t/yr of alumina and 345,000 t/yr of aluminum. Hindalco also announced plans to further increase the capacity of the plants by removing process bottlenecks, with final targets of 700,000 t/yr of alumina and 360,000 t/yr of aluminum by yearend 2005 (Mining Journal, 2003a).

Indian Aluminium idled its 14,000-t/yr Alupuram smelter (CRU Aluminium Monitor, 2003a).

Japan. —Furukawa Electric and Sky Aluminium integrated their aluminum facilities to form the country’s leading aluminum fabricator Furukawa-Sky Aluminium Corp. Of the two partners, Furukawa was the major, contributing four main plants and 70% of the new company’s capital. Sky, with its five shareholders—Showa Denko K.K., Marubeni Corp., Nippon Steel, Mitsui & Co., and Mizuho Bank, brought one factory and 30% of the capital. In 2002, Furukawa produced 200,000 t of aluminum sheet and plate and 40,000 t of extrusions, while Sky produced 145,000 t of sheet and plate (McCulloch, 2003).

Kobe Steel Ltd. and Alcoa announced the termination of their can stock joint ventures and the expansion of their alliance to develop aluminum products for the automotive market. The companies intended to expand their existing cooperation in aluminum sheet for global automotive customers by adding research and development efforts on aluminum extrusions, castings, and forgings. As for their can stock ventures, Kobe would acquire control of KSL Alcoa Aluminum Company Ltd. in Japan, and Alcoa would receive Kobe’s interest in KAAL Australia Pty. Ltd. (Alcoa Inc., 2003p).

Kazakhstan. —Corica AG, part of the Swiss-based J&W Investment Group, purchased a 31.8% interest in Alyumini Kazakhstan, which owned the 1.35-Mt/yr Pavlodar alumina refinery. Under terms of the agreement, Corica was obligated to build a 240,000-t/yr smelter in Kazakhstan. The interest was expected to be transferred upon completion of the first 60,000 t/yr of smelter capacity that had to be finished by yearend 2007 (CRU Alumina Monitor, 2003).

Malaysia. —Alcan increased its share in Aluminium Company of Malaysia, a manufacturer of light gauge aluminum products, to 60% from 36%. Alcan acquired the additional shares from Nippon Light Metal in exchange for its ownership in Alcan Nikkei Siam Limited in Rangsit, Thailand (Alcan Inc., 2003d).

Mozambique. —In October, phase two expansion of the Mozal aluminum smelter reached its full production capacity about 7 months ahead of its original schedule. The 253,000-t/yr potline doubled the smelter’s nameplate capacity to 506,000 t/yr. Shareholders in Mozal were BHP Billiton (47% and the smelter operator), Mitsubishi Corporation of Japan (25%), Industrial Development Corporation (IDC) of South Africa (24%), and the Government of Mozambique (4%) (BHP Billiton, 2003b).

Nigeria. —Prior to the privatization sale of the Aluminum Smelter Co. of Nigeria (Alscon), the Government proposed a restructuring of smelter ownership to better reflect what the Government claimed was the partners’ respective debt liabilities. Under the proposal, the Government share would increase to 90% from 70%, whereas Ferrostaal AG’s stake would decrease to 7.5% from 20% and Alcoa’s share would drop to 2.5% from 10% (Platts Metals Week, 2003e).

Norway. —Elkem ASA completed the potline expansion at its Mosjøen smelter that increased capacity to 185,000 t/yr (Alcoa Inc., 2004, p. 8).

Hydro Aluminium AS announced its intention to close 70,000 t/yr of aluminum production capacity at two of its Norwegian smelters by 2006. Soderberg lines at the Hoyanger and Ardal smelters were to be closed in order to meet tighter environmental requirements. Upon closure, capacity at the Hoyanger smelter would be reduced by 21,000 t/yr to 54,000 t/yr, and capacity at the Ardal smelter would decrease by 40,000 t/yr to a total of 172,000 t/yr (Metal Bulletin, 2003b).

Romania. —Marco International Inc. announced plans to increase capacity at its 215,000-t/yr Alro Slatina SA aluminum smelter to 300,000 t/yr. In January 2003, Marco International and its Romanian and British subsidiaries (Conef SA and Marco Acquisitions Ltd.) increased their stake in Alro to 78% from 52% (American Metal Market, 2003d).

Russia. —Shareholders of Nadvoitsy Aluminium approved plans to formally merge with the Siberian-Urals Aluminum Company (SUAL). Prior to the merger, SUAL held or controlled more than 90% of the 75,000-t/yr smelter (CRU Aluminium Monitor, 2003c).

SUAL announced the completion of a $40 million upgrade of its Ural Aluminium smelter. The addition of a new 162-cell prebaked potline increased capacity to 135,000 t/yr (American Metal Market, 2003e).

Rostar, Russia’s leading aluminum beverage can manufacturer, opened the first of two can lines at its new can manufacturing facility in Vsevolozhsk near Leningrad. The initial capacity of 800 to 850 million cans per year will double with the start of the plant’s second line scheduled for 2004. Rostar also signed a deal with Baltika, Russia’s leading brewing company, to supply one-half of its can demand (Interfax Mining & Metals Report, 2003b).

Saudi Arabia.—The Government’s state-owned mining company, Ma’aden, announced that Bechtel had undertaken a feasibility study for the development of an integrated aluminum project centered around the Al-Zabirah bauxite deposit. The $3.1 billion project called for ore from the open pit mine in the country’s northern desert region to be transported by rail to a 1.4-Mt/yr alumina refinery and 600,000-t/yr smelter on the eastern coast of the country. The project also included a 1,400-MW powerplant and a desalination plant. Ma’aden hoped to begin production of alumina and aluminum in 2007 (Metal Bulletin, 2003c).

Slovakia. —Slovalco, a.s. completed its expansion project that added 54 new cells to its existing 172-cell potline, which increased capacity at the smelter to more than 150,000 t/yr (Slovalco, a.s., 2003).

Slovenia. —Hydro entered into a long-term purchase agreement, commencing January 1, 2004, with Talum, the Slovenian aluminum producer, for foundry-alloy casthouse products. In addition to the ongoing agreement for 50,000 t/yr of extrusions ingots, Talum was to supply Hydro with an average of 70,000 t/yr of foundry alloy products during the following 7 years (Hydro Aluminium, 2003c).ALUMINUM—2003 5.7 

## South Africa. —BHP Billiton announced the completion of its Hillside aluminum smelter expansion project at Richards Bay several months ahead of schedule. The 132,000-t/yr expansion increased Hillside’s capacity to 670,000 t/yr, making it the largest smelter in the Southern Hemisphere and the Western World (BHP Billiton, 2003a). United Kingdom.—Alcoa announced the closures of its Swansea, Wales, aluminum extrusion and end products plant, which produced 16,000 t/yr of aluminum extrusions for the construction, general engineering, and road transport markets (American Metal Market, 2003b). Alcoa planned to transfer production to its other plant at Banbury, Oxfordshire. Alcoa commissioned a new casting table and homogenizing furnace at the Banbury facility that increased billet production by 15% to 20%. Plant production, which used a combination of aluminum ingot and high-quality scrap as feedstock, was estimated to be about 38,000 t/yr of extruded products for the automotive and construction industries (Metal Bulletin, 2003a). Venezuela.—Aluminio del Caroni SA (Alcasa) signed an MOU with a consortium headed by Glencore International AG for the construction of a fifth potline at its 210,000-t/yr primary aluminum smelter. Pechiney was expected to provide the technology for the 240,000-t/yr potline, and Fluor Daniel would handle the engineering and construction of the $650 million project (American Metal Market, 2003a). Alcasa also announced that it had begun to reactivate the 148 cells in potline 2. The line, which was closed at yearend 1998, was undergoing a $12 million renovation that would eventually bring the smelter back to full capacity (Platts Metals Week, 2003a). Corporacion Venezolana de Guayana (CVG) announced that it intended to add a sixth potline to its CVG Industria Venezolana de Aluminio CA (Venalum) smelter. The $683 million project was expected to increase capacity at the 430,000-t/yr smelter to 640,000 t/yr (Platts Metals Week, 2003g).

Outlook

As the world economies continued to recover, world demand for aluminum was expected to increase. In the short term, demand could outstrip supply. The uncertainty for aluminum, as well as many other commodities, is China. Chinese demand for aluminum, in recent years, grew at double digit rates. There have been some signs, however, that demand may be slowing slightly. Reported shortages in power generation could also lead to a decrease in Chinese aluminum metal production. In the near term, announced expansions in worldwide smelter production should be adequate to meet the anticipated demand growth.

References Cited

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high power market, raw material prices lead to reduction of 60,000 metric tons: Pittsburgh, PA, Alcoa Inc. press release, April 23, 1 p. Alcoa Inc., 2003o, Brunei Economic Development Board and Alcoa sign MOU

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development in automotive aluminum: Pittsburgh, PA, and Tokyo, Japan, Alcoa Inc. press release, August 6, 1 p. Alcoa Inc., 2003q, Latasa sale to Rexam completed for enterprise value of $462

million: Pittsburgh, PA, Alcoa Inc. press release, November 26, 1 p. Alcoa Inc., 2004, Form 10-K—2003: Securities and Exchange Commission, 36 p. Aluminum Association Inc., 2004a, Aluminum beverage can is most recycled

consumer beverage package: Washington, DC, Aluminum Association Inc. press release, May 21, 4 p. Aluminum Association Inc., 2004b, The aluminum situation: Aluminum

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shutter UK facility: American Metal Market, v. 111, no. 4-2, January 28, p. 6. American Metal Market, 2003c, CBA completes smelter upgrade, sees exports

rising 136% in 2004: American Metal Market, v. 111, no. 42-3, October 22, p. 4. American Metal Market 2003d, Marco to boost capacity at Alro: American

Metal Market, v. 111, no. 43-2, October 28, p. 4. American Metal Market, 2003e, Sual’s $40M smelter revamp done; aluminum

capacity to 900,000t/year: American Metal Market, v. 111, no. 51-2, December 23, p. 4. BHP Billiton, 2003a, Hillside expansion project produces first metal:

Johannesburg, South Africa, BHP Billiton news release, October 13, 1 p. BHP Billiton, 2003b, Mozal smelter expansion officially opened: Maputo,

Mozambique, BHP Billiton news release, October 9, 1 p. Brooks, David, 2003a, Energy costs force Columbia to shut potlines: American

Metal Market, v. 111, no. 11-1, March 14, p. 1, 3.5.8 U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MINERALS YEARBOOK—2003 Brooks, David, 2003b, Energy tags, dwindling output crippling factors:

American Metal Market, v. 111, no. 12-5, March 28, p. 1-2. Brooks, David, 2003c, Judge denies extension, Longview to get trustee:

American Metal Market, v. 111, no. 29-5, July 25, p. 1-2. Century Aluminum Co., 2003a, Century and Kaiser reach new alumina supply

contract: Monterey, CA, Century Aluminum Co. press release, May 30, 1 p. Century Aluminum Co., 2003b, Century completes acquisition of remaining

20% share in Kentucky plant: Monterey, CA, Century Aluminum Co. press release, April 1, 1 p. Century Aluminum Co., 2003c, Mt. Holly aluminum reduction plant sets 10-

year power contract: Monterey, CA, Century Aluminum Co. press release, September 5, 1 p. Clarke, Jo, 2003, China invests in Australia’s Aldoga project: Metal Bulletin,

no. 8814, November 3, p. 14. Commonwealth Industries Inc., 2003a, Commonwealth Industries and Wise

Alloys form strategic alliance to market Commonwealth Aluminum-branded wide-width coil products: Lexington, KY, Commonwealth Industries Inc. press release, April 9, 2 p. Commonwealth Industries Inc., 2003b, Commonwealth Industries’ Ohio

facilities sign new three-year labor contract: Louisville, KY, Commonwealth Industries Inc. press release, December 22, 2 p. Commonwealth Industries Inc., 2003c, Steelworkers at Commonwealth’s

Lewisport Kentucky plant sign new five-year labor contract: Louisville, KY, Commonwealth Industries Inc. press release, April 10, 1 p. CRU Alumina Monitor, 2003, Company news: CRU Alumina Monitor, April, p. 7-8. CRU Aluminium Monitor, 2003a, Capacity expansions and closures: CRU

Aluminium Monitor, August, p. 15. CRU Aluminium Monitor, 2003b, Capacity expansions & projects: CRU

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June, p. 15. Haflich, Frank, 2003, Universal Alloy pressing into new aerospace sector:

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to Ellenville remelt: Oslo, Norway, Hydro Aluminium press release, April 2, 1 p. Hydro Aluminium, 2003b, Hydro Aluminium to build precision tubing plant in

China: Oslo, Norway, Hydro Aluminium press release, December 10, 1 p. Hydro Aluminium, 2003c, Hydro and Talum with new metal supply agreement:

Oslo, Norway, Hydro Aluminium press release, October 9, 1 p. IMCO Recycling Inc., 2003, IMCO Recycling signs long-term tolling agreement

with Metal Conversions Limited: Irving, TX, IMCO Recycling Inc. press release, September 4, 1 p. Interfax Mining & Metals Report, 2003a, Dutch firm to build $250-$300 mln

aluminum smelter in Azerbaijan: Interfax Mining & Metals Report, v. 11, issue 39, September 26, p. 15-16. Interfax Mining & Metals Report, 2003b, Rusal to launch new aluminum can

plant in Dec: Interfax Mining & Metals Report, v. 11, issue 47, November 21, p. 15. International Aluminium Institute, 2004, Aluminium inventories: International

Aluminium Institute Form 351, April 26, 3 p. Kaiser Aluminum & Chemical Corp., 2003a, Kaiser Aluminum announced

indefinite curtailment of Mead smelter; company to record related charges in financial results: Houston, TX, Kaiser Aluminum & Chemical Corp. press release, January 13, 1 p. Kaiser Aluminum & Chemical Corp., 2003b, Kaiser Aluminum signs MOU with

Republic of Ghana to sell its 90% interest in Valco: Houston, TX, Kaiser Aluminum & Chemical Corp. press release, December 19, 1 p. Kaiser Aluminum & Chemical Corp., 2003c, Kaiser aluminum smelter in Ghana

temporarily to curtail last remaining potline: Houston, TX, Kaiser Aluminum & Chemical Corp. press release, April 30, 1 p. London Metal Exchange Ltd., 2003, Aluminium stocks: London [United

Kingdom] Metal Exchange Ltd., December 31, 3 p. McCulloch, Russ, 2003, A marriage of convenience?: Metal Bulletin Monthly,

no. 396, December, p. 27, 29. Metal Bulletin, 2003a, Alcoa raises billet production at Banbury: Metal

Bulletin, no. 8755, March 10, p. 14. Metal Bulletin, 2003b, Hydro to keep open older Norwegian smelters: Metal

Bulletin, no. 8816, November 17, p. 6. Metal Bulletin, 2003c, Saudi al project proceeds to feasibility study: Metal

Bulletin, no. 8792, July 21, p. 6. Metal Bulletin Monthly, 2003, New “bottle can” invades USA: Metal Bulletin Monthly, no. 389, May, p. 49. Mining Journal, 2003a, Hindalco completes expansion: Mining Journal, v. 341,

no. 8749, August 15, p. 108. Mining Journal, 2003b, Nordural gets power for expansion: Mining Journal, v. 341, no. 8762, November 14, p. 394. Noranda Inc., 2003, Noranda temporarily suspends work on Alumysa project:

Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Noranda Inc. press release, August 14, 1 p. Noranda Inc., 2004, Annual report—2003: Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Noranda

Inc., 78 p. Ormet Corp., 2003a, Ormet announces potline curtailments: Hannibal, OH,

Ormet Corp. press release, December 23, 2 p. Ormet Corp., 2003b, Ormet announces sale of Iuka Lamination Division:

Wheeling, WV, Ormet Corp. press release, November 17, 1 p. Pechiney, 2003a, Activity to be suspended at Auzat smelting workshop: Paris,

France, Pechiney press release, March 19, 1 p. Pechiney, 2003b, Pechiney and Baotou Aluminium Company set the basis of

a joint-venture in China: Beijing, China, and Paris, France, Pechiney press release, August 26, 1 p. Pechiney, 2003c, Pechiney buys out all of its financial partners’ shares in

Aluminium Dunkerque: Paris, France, Pechiney press release, July 9, 1 p. Platts Metals Week, 2003a, Alcasa cells restart: Platts Metals Week, v. 74, no. 25, June 23, p. 4. Platts Metals Week, 2003b, Golden Northwest Aluminum files for Chapter 11

bankruptcy: Platts Metals Week, v. 74, no. 52, December 29, p. 7-8. Platts Metals Week, 2003c, IMCO expects improved al volumes, margins in Q4:

Platts Metals Week, v. 74, no. 45, November 10, p. 13. Platts Metals Week, 2003d, JW Aluminum to be sold to Wellspring Capital for

$125-mil: Platts Metals Week, v. 74, no. 44, November 3, p. 3-4. Platts Metals Week, 2003e, Nigeria puts off aluminum smelter sale, aims for

October: Platts Metals Week, v. 74, no. 33, August 18, p. 1, 13. Platts Metals Week, 2003f, Rexam closes US can, end plant: Platts Metals

Week, v. 74, no. 50, December 15, p. 8. Platts Metals Week, 2003g, Venezuela strives to be eighth-largest aluminum

producer: Platts Metals Week, v. 74, no. 4, January 27, p. 9-10. Slovalco, a.s., 2003, Last cell on stream: Ziar nad Hronom, Slovakia, Slovalco,

a.s. news release, September 10, 1 p. Wrigley, Al, 2003a, Bodine Aluminum looking for A380 supplier: American

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of lighter substitutes: American Metal Market, v. 111, no. 30, July 28, p. 3-4. Wrigley, Al, 2003c, Superior wins huge Ford wheel contract: American Metal

Market, v. 111, no. 26-1, June 30, p. 1.



## GENERAL SOURCES OF INFORMATION

U.S. Geological Survey Publications

Aluminum. Ch. in Mineral Commodity Summaries, annual. Aluminum. Mineral Industry Surveys, monthly. Aluminum and Bauxite. Ch. in United States Mineral

Resources, Professional Paper 820, 1973. Bauxite and Alumina. Ch. in Mineral Commodity Summaries,

annual. Primary Aluminum Plants Worldwide, 1998. U.S. Trade in Bauxite and Alumina. Mineral Industry Surveys,

quarterly. World Bauxite Resources. Professional Paper 1076-B, 1986.

Other

Aluminum. Ch. in Mineral Facts and Problems, U.S. Bureau of

Mines Bulletin 675, 1985. Aluminum Statistical Review. Aluminum Association Inc.,

annual.ALUMINUM—2003 5.9 TABLE 1 SALIENT ALUMINUM STATISTICS 1

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 United States:

Primary production

Quantity thousand metric tons 3,779 3,668 2,637 2,707 2,703 Value millions $5,470 $6,030 $4,000 $3,870 $4,060 Price, average, U.S. market, spot cents per pound 65.7 74.6 68.8 64.9 68.1 Inventories (December 31):

Aluminum industr y2 thousand metric tons 1,870 1,550 1,300 1,320 1,400 LME stocks in U.S. warehouses 3 do. 14 (4) 28 45 207 Secondar y y : 5 recover do. 3,700 3,450 2,970 2,930 2,820 New scrap do. 2,120 2,080 1,760 1,750 1,750 Old scrap do. 1,570 1,370 1,210 1,170 1,070 Exports, crude and semicrude do. 1,650 1,760 1,590 1,590 1,540 Imports for consumption, crude and semicrude do. 4,000 3,910 3,740 4,060 4,130 Su l 6

pp y,a pparent do. 9,890 9,610 7,990 8,070 r 7,880 Consump , 7 tion a pparent do. 7,770 7,530 6,230 6,320 r 6,130 World, production do. 23,600 24,300 r 24,300 26,000 r 27,700 e

eEstimated. rRevised.
1 Data are rounded to no more than three significant digits except "United States, primary production, quantity."
2Data from the Aluminum Association Inc.; includes ingot, semifabricated material, and scrap. In 2003, data series revised toinclude inventory levels for both United States and Canadian producers.
3 Includes aluminum alloyed material.
4Less than 1/2 unit.
5Metallic recovery from purchased, tolled, or imported new and old scrap expanded for full industry coverage.
6Defined as domestic primary metal production plus secondary recovery plus imports minus exports plus adjustments for Government and industry stock changes.
7Apparent supply less recovery from purchased new scrap.

TABLE 2 PRIMARY ANNUAL ALUMINUM PRODUCTION CAPACITY IN THE UNITED STATE S, BY COMPANY1

Yearend capacity (thousand metric tons) Company 2002 2003 2003 ownership Alcan Aluminum Corp., Sebree, KY 196 196 Alcan Inc., 100%. Alcoa Inc.:

Alcoa, TN 210 210 Alcoa Inc., 100%. Badin, NC 120 120 Do. Evansville, IN (Warrick) 309 309 Do. Ferndale, WA (Intalco) 278 278 Alcoa Inc., 61%; Mitsui & Co. Ltd., 32%; YKK Corp., 7%. Frederick, MD (Eastalco) 192 195 Do. Massena, NY (St. Lawrence) 125 125 Alcoa Inc., 100%. Massena, NY 130 130 Do. Mount Holly, SC 212 224 Alcoa Inc., 50.3%; Century Aluminum Co., 49.7%. Rockdale, TX 264 264 Alcoa Inc., 100%. Wenatchee, WA 227 227 Do.

Total 2,070 2,080 Century Aluminum Co.:

Hawesville, KY 237 244 Century Aluminum Co., 100%. Ravenswood, WV 170 170 Do.

Total 407 414 Columbia Falls Aluminum Co., Columbia Falls, MT 168 168 Glencore International AG, 100%. Goldendale Aluminum Co., Goldendale, WA 168 160 Private interest, 60%; employees, 40%. Kaiser Aluminum & Chemical Corp., Mead (Spokane), WA 200 200 MAXXAM Inc., 100%. Longview Aluminum, L.L.C., Longview, WA 204 204 Michigan Avenue Partners, 100%. Noranda Aluminum Inc., New Madrid, MO 250 250 Noranda Mines Ltd., 100%. Northwest Aluminum Corp., The Dalles, OR 82 82 Private interest, 100%. Ormet Primary Aluminum Corp., Hannibal, OH 257 265 Ormet Corp., 100%. Vanalco Inc., Vancouver, WA 116 116 Glencore International AG, 100%.

Grand total 4,120 4,140
1 Data are rounded to no more than three significant digits; may not add to totals shown.5.10 U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MINERALS YEARBOOK—2003 TABLE 3 U.S. CONSUMPTION OF AND RECOVERY FROM PURCHASED NEW AND OLD ALUMINUM SCRAP, BY CLASS 1, 2

(Metric tons)

Calculated recovery Class Consumption Aluminum Metallic 2002:

Secondary smelters 1,680,000 1,130,000 1,220,000 Integrated aluminum companies 869,000 707,000 752,000 Independent mill fabricators 698,000 607,000 648,000 Foundries 112,000 95,300 102,000 Other consumers 8,320 8,250 8,250

Total 3,370,000 2,550,000 2,730,000 Estimated full industry coverage 3,620,000 2,730,000 2,930,000 2003:

Secondary smelters 1,520,000 1,030,000 1,110,000 Integrated aluminum companies 852,000 691,000 736,000 Independent mill fabricators 746,000 651,000 696,000 Foundries 93,600 78,100 83,400 Other consumers 7,940 7,860 7,870

Total 3,220,000 2,460,000 2,630,000 Estimated full industry coverage 3,460,000 2,630,000 2,820,000
1 Excludes recovery from other than aluminum-base scrap.
2Data are rounded to no more than three significant digits; may not add to totals shown.

TABLE 4 U.S. STOCKS, RECEIPTS, AND CONSUMPTION OF PURCHASED NEW AND OLDALUMINUM SCRAP AND SWEATED PIG IN 2003 1, 2

(Metric tons)

Stocks, Net Stocks, Class of consumer and type of scrap January 1 receipts 3 Consumption December 31 Secondary smelters:

New scrap:

Solids 11,600 223,000 223,000 12,200 Borings and turnings 4,930 198,000 199,000 4,300 Dross and skimmings 5,020 455,000 456,000 4,640 Other4 616 209,000 209,000 751

Total 22,100 1,090,000 1,090,000 21,900 Old scrap:

Castings, sheet, clippings 8,870 246,000 247,000 7,630 Aluminum-copper radiators 1,550 15,400 15,500 1,400 Aluminum cans5 838 62,800 62,600 1,070 Other6 1,310 105,000 104,000 3,230

Total 12,600 430,000 429,000 13,300 Sweated pig 694 r 9,240 9,750 190

Total secondary smelters 35,400 r 1,520,000 1,520,000 35,400 Integrated aluminum companies, foundries, independent mill fabricators, other consumers:

New scrap:

Solids 18,200 r 732,000 742,000 8,190 Borings and turnings 465 17,300 17,300 465 Dross and skimmings 177 r 6,560 6,570 170 Other4 6,150 174,000 175,000 5,390

Total 24,900 r 930,000 941,000 14,200 Old scrap:

Castings, sheet, clippings 3,240 r 109,000 109,000 3,240 Aluminum-copper radiators 361 5,720 5,920 165 Aluminum cans5 27,900 600,000 615,000 13,100 Other6 22 29,800 29,800 22

Total 31,500 r 744,000 759,000 16,600 See footnotes at end of table.

TABLE 4--Continued U.S. STOCKS, RECEIPTS, AND CONSUMPTION OF PURCHASED NEW AND OLDALUMINUM SCRAP AND SWEATED PIG IN 2003 1, 2

(Metric tons)

Stocks, Net Stocks, Class of consumer and type of scrap January 1 receipts 3 Consumption December 31 Integrated aluminum companies, foundries, independent mill fabricators, other consumers--Continued:

Sweated pig 22 196 217 1

Total integrated aluminum companies, foundries, independent mill fabricators, other consumers 56,500 r 1,670,000 1,700,000 30,800 All scrap consumed:

New scrap:

Solids 29,700 r 955,000 964,000 20,400 Borings and turnings 5,400 215,000 216,000 4,770 Dross and skimmings 5,200 r 462,000 462,000 4,810 Other4 6,760 384,000 384,000 6,140

Total 47,100 r 2,020,000 2,030,000 36,100 Old scrap:

Castings, sheet, clippings 12,100 r 355,000 356,000 10,900 Aluminum-copper radiators 1,910 21,100 21,400 1,570 Aluminum cans 28,700 663,000 677,000 14,200 Other6 1,330 135,000 133,000 3,250

Total 44,100 r 1,170,000 1,190,000 29,900 Sweated pig 716 r 9,440 9,970 191

Total of all scrap consumed 91,800 r 3,200,000 3,220,000 66,200

rRevised.
1 Includes imported scrap. According to reporting companies, 8. 08% of total receipts of aluminum-base scrap (278,000 metric tons) was received on toll arangements.
2Data are rounded to no more than three significant digits; may not add to totals shown.
3 Includes inventory adjustment.
4Includes data on foil, can stock clippings, and other miscellaneous. 5Used beverage cans toll treated for primary producers are included in secondary smelter tabulation.
6Includes municipal wastes (including litter) and fragmentized scrap (auto shredder).ALUMINUM—2003 5.11 TABLE 5 PRODUCTION AND SHIPMENTS OF SECONDARY ALUMINUM ALLOYS BY INDEPENDENT SMELTERS IN THE UNITED STATES1

(Metric tons)

2002 2003 Production Net shipments2 Production Net shipments2 Diecast alloys:

13% Si, 360, etc. (0.6% Cu, maximum) 24,300 25,200 21,100 21,200 380 and variations 384,000 379,000 317,000 318,000 Sand and permanent mold:

95/5 Al-Si, 356, etc. (0.6% Cu, maximum) 49,100 61,800 49,200 48,700 No. 319 and variations 128,000 134,000 97,000 96,800 F-132 alloy and variations 27,700 27,300 25,800 26,600 Al-Mg alloys 1,190 1,180 2,360 2,310 Al-Zn alloys 2,080 3,020 1,760 1,620 Al-Si alloys (0.6% to 2.0% Cu) 634 614 37 56 Al-Cu alloys (1.5% Si, maximum) 3,460 3,590 4,570 4,620 Al-Si-Cu-Ni alloys 45 38 63 65 Other 938 975 390 363 Miscellaneous:

Steel deoxidation W W W W Pure (97.0% Al) W W W W Aluminum-base hardeners 3,380 3,380 3,380 3,330 Other3 88,000 87,800 100,000 102,000 Wrought alloys, extrusion billets 240,000 240,000 236,000 235,000 Total 954,000 968,000 859,000 861,000 Consumption of materials other than scrap:

Primary aluminum 97,700 XX 121,000 XX Primary silicon 43,400 XX 39,600 XX Other 9,040 XX 8,030 XX See footnotes at end of table.

TABLE 5--Continued PRODUCTION AND SHIPMENTS OF SECONDARY ALUMINUM ALLOYS BY INDEPENDENT SMELTERS IN THE UNITED STATES1

(Metric tons)

2002 2003 Production Net shipments2 Production Net shipments2 Net metallic recovery from aluminum scrap and sweated pig consumed in production of

secondar yaluminum ingot 4 804,000 XX 691,000 XX W Withheld to avoid disclosing company proprietary data; included with "Miscellaneous, other." XX Not applicable.
1 Data are rounded to no more than three significant digits; may not add to totals shown.
2Includes inventory adjustment.
3Includes other diecast alloys.
4No allowance made for meltloss of primary aluminum and alloying ingredients. TABLE 4 U.S. STOCKS, RECEIPTS, AND CONSUMPTION OF PURCHASED NEW AND OLDALUMINUM SCRAP AND SWEATED PIG IN 2003 1, 2

(Metric tons)

Stocks, Net Stocks, Class of consumer and type of scrap January 1 receipts 3 Consumption December 31 Secondary smelters:

New scrap:

Solids 11,600 223,000 223,000 12,200 Borings and turnings 4,930 198,000 199,000 4,300 Dross and skimmings 5,020 455,000 456,000 4,640 Other4 616 209,000 209,000 751

Total 22,100 1,090,000 1,090,000 21,900 Old scrap:

Castings, sheet, clippings 8,870 246,000 247,000 7,630 Aluminum-copper radiators 1,550 15,400 15,500 1,400 Aluminum cans5 838 62,800 62,600 1,070 Other6 1,310 105,000 104,000 3,230

Total 12,600 430,000 429,000 13,300 Sweated pig 694 r 9,240 9,750 190

Total secondary smelters 35,400 r 1,520,000 1,520,000 35,400 Integrated aluminum companies, foundries, independent mill fabricators, other consumers:

New scrap:

Solids 18,200 r 732,000 742,000 8,190 Borings and turnings 465 17,300 17,300 465 Dross and skimmings 177 r 6,560 6,570 170 Other4 6,150 174,000 175,000 5,390

Total 24,900 r 930,000 941,000 14,200 Old scrap:

Castings, sheet, clippings 3,240 r 109,000 109,000 3,240 Aluminum-copper radiators 361 5,720 5,920 165 Aluminum cans5 27,900 600,000 615,000 13,100 Other6 22 29,800 29,800 22

Total 31,500 r 744,000 759,000 16,600 See footnotes at end of table.

TABLE 4--Continued U.S. STOCKS, RECEIPTS, AND CONSUMPTION OF PURCHASED NEW AND OLDALUMINUM SCRAP AND SWEATED PIG IN 2003 1, 2

(Metric tons)

Stocks, Net Stocks, Class of consumer and type of scrap January 1 receipts 3 Consumption December 31 Integrated aluminum companies, foundries, independent mill fabricators, other consumers--Continued:

Sweated pig 22 196 217 1

Total integrated aluminum companies, foundries, independent mill fabricators, other consumers 56,500 r 1,670,000 1,700,000 30,800 All scrap consumed:

New scrap:

Solids 29,700 r 955,000 964,000 20,400 Borings and turnings 5,400 215,000 216,000 4,770 Dross and skimmings 5,200 r 462,000 462,000 4,810 Other4 6,760 384,000 384,000 6,140

Total 47,100 r 2,020,000 2,030,000 36,100 Old scrap:

Castings, sheet, clippings 12,100 r 355,000 356,000 10,900 Aluminum-copper radiators 1,910 21,100 21,400 1,570 Aluminum cans 28,700 663,000 677,000 14,200 Other6 1,330 135,000 133,000 3,250

Total 44,100 r 1,170,000 1,190,000 29,900 Sweated pig 716 r 9,440 9,970 191

Total of all scrap consumed 91,800 r 3,200,000 3,220,000 66,200

rRevised.
1 Includes imported scrap. According to reporting companies, 8. 08% of total receipts of aluminum-base scrap (278,000 metric tons) was received on toll arangements.
2Data are rounded to no more than three significant digits; may not add to totals shown.
3 Includes inventory adjustment.
4Includes data on foil, can stock clippings, and other miscellaneous. 5Used beverage cans toll treated for primary producers are included in secondary smelter tabulation.
6Includes municipal wastes (including litter) and fragmentized scrap (auto shredder).5.12 U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MINERALS YEARBOOK—2003 TABLE 6 DISTRIBUTION OF END-USE SHIPMENTS OF ALUMINUM PRODUCTS IN THE U NITED STATES AND CANADA, BY INDUSTRY1, 2

2002 2003 Quantity Quantity (thousand Percentage (thousand Percentage Industry metric tons) of grand total metric tons) of grand total Containers and packaging 2,260 21.1 2,240 21.2 Building and construction 1,560 14.6 1,560 14.8 Transportation 3,410 31.8 3,520 33.3 Electrical 677 6.3 655 6.2 Consumer durables 722 6.8 719 6.8 Machinery and equipment 616 5.8 621 5.9 Other markets 390 3.6 385 3.6

Total to domestic users 9,640 90.0 9,700 91.9 Exports e 1,070 10.0 857 8.1

Grand total 10,700 100.0 10,600 100.0

eEstimated.
1 Data are rounded to no more than three significant digits; may not add to totals shown.
2Data series revised to include shipments in both the United States and Canada.

Source: The Aluminum Association Inc.

TABLE 7 U.S. NET SHIPMENTS OF ALUMINUM WROUGHT AND CAST PRODUCTS, BY PRODUCERS 1, 2

(Thousand metric tons)

2001 2002 2003 Wrought products: 3

Sheet, plate, foil 4,370 r 4,450 r 4,390 Pipe, tube, extruded shapes 1,550 r 1,550 r 1,530 Rod, bar, wire, cable 512 r 559 r 514 Forgings (including impacts) 92 r 94 r 89 Powder, flake, paste 56 57 r 56

Total 6,580 r 6,710 r 6,580 Castings:

Sand 251 r 244 NA Permanent and semipermanent mold 484 r 536 NA Die 873 r 953 NA Other 155 r 154 NA

Total 1,760 r 1,890 NA Grand total 8,340 r 8,600 NA

rRevised. NA Not available.
1Net shipments derived by subtracting the sum of producers' domestic receipts of each mill shape from the domestic industry's gross shipments of that shape.
2Data are rounded to no more than three significant digits; may not add to totals shown.
3For years 2002 and 2003, wrought products data series revised to include net shipments in the United States and Canada.

Sources: Wrought products, The Aluminum Assosiation Inc.; Castings, U.S. Department of Commerce. TABLE 5 PRODUCTION AND SHIPMENTS OF SECONDARY ALUMINUM ALLOYS BY INDEPENDENT SMELTERS IN THE UNITED STATES1

(Metric tons)

2002 2003 Production Net shipments2 Production Net shipments2 Diecast alloys:

13% Si, 360, etc. (0.6% Cu, maximum) 24,300 25,200 21,100 21,200 380 and variations 384,000 379,000 317,000 318,000 Sand and permanent mold:

95/5 Al-Si, 356, etc. (0.6% Cu, maximum) 49,100 61,800 49,200 48,700 No. 319 and variations 128,000 134,000 97,000 96,800 F-132 alloy and variations 27,700 27,300 25,800 26,600 Al-Mg alloys 1,190 1,180 2,360 2,310 Al-Zn alloys 2,080 3,020 1,760 1,620 Al-Si alloys (0.6% to 2.0% Cu) 634 614 37 56 Al-Cu alloys (1.5% Si, maximum) 3,460 3,590 4,570 4,620 Al-Si-Cu-Ni alloys 45 38 63 65 Other 938 975 390 363 Miscellaneous:

Steel deoxidation W W W W Pure (97.0% Al) W W W W Aluminum-base hardeners 3,380 3,380 3,380 3,330 Other3 88,000 87,800 100,000 102,000 Wrought alloys, extrusion billets 240,000 240,000 236,000 235,000 Total 954,000 968,000 859,000 861,000 Consumption of materials other than scrap:

Primary aluminum 97,700 XX 121,000 XX Primary silicon 43,400 XX 39,600 XX Other 9,040 XX 8,030 XX See footnotes at end of table.

TABLE 5--Continued PRODUCTION AND SHIPMENTS OF SECONDARY ALUMINUM ALLOYS BY INDEPENDENT SMELTERS IN THE UNITED STATES1

(Metric tons)

2002 2003 Production Net shipments2 Production Net shipments2 Net metallic recovery from aluminum scrap and sweated pig consumed in production of

secondar yaluminum ingot 4 804,000 XX 691,000 XX W Withheld to avoid disclosing company proprietary data; included with "Miscellaneous, other." XX Not applicable.
1 Data are rounded to no more than three significant digits; may not add to totals shown.
2Includes inventory adjustment.
3 Includes other diecast alloys.
4No allowance made for meltloss of primary aluminum and alloying ingredients.ALUMINUM—2003 5.13 TABLE 8 U.S. EXPORTS OF ALUMINUM, BY COUNTRY 1

Metals and alloys, crude Plates, sheets, bars, etc. 2 Scrap Total Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Country (metric tons) (thousands) (metric tons) (thousands) (metric tons) (thousands) (metric tons) (thousands) 2002:

Brazil 116 $328 29,300 $79,700 18 $18 29,500 $80,000 Canada 97,800 158,000 471,000 1,180,000 202,000 193,000 771,000 1,530,000 China 114 551 32,300 75,100 206,000 170,000 238,000 245,000 France 113 272 5,120 30,400 8 110 5,240 30,700 Germany 1,410 9,440 2,810 23,300 264 965 4,480 33,700 Hong Kong 162 1,200 4,060 13,600 8,190 10,500 12,400 25,400 Italy 14 90 1,960 9,600 39 55 2,010 9,740 Japan 3,350 10,100 9,060 64,000 27,100 31,100 39,600 105,000 Kazakhstan

-- -- 181 431

-- -- 181 431 Korea, Republic of 725 1,970 7,540 35,100 43,900 48,200 52,200 85,300 Mexico 98,800 143,000 114,000 367,000 85,300 107,000 299,000 617,000 Netherlands 129 791 800 4,930 314 961 1,240 6,680 Philippines 1 15 560 2,510

-- -- 560 2,520 Russia 19 53 30 387 9 5 58 445 Saudi Arabia (3) 4 14,500 32,800

-- -- 14,500 32,800 Singapore 239 897 2,040 9,630 194 236 2,470 10,800 South Africa 61 282 142 810

-- -- 204 1,090 Taiwan 233 1,280 6,430 17,200 27,200 28,300 33,800 46,700 Thailand 1 34 8,940 23,800 831 680 9,780 24,600 United Kingdom 647 3,110 8,890 64,800 661 941 10,200 68,800 Venezuela 6 54 7,900 19,700 1 6 7,900 19,800 Other 1,630 5,920 38,600 r 161,000 11,600 11,500 51,800 r 178,000

Total 206,000 337,000 766,000 2,220,000 613,000 603,000 1,590,000 3,160,000 2003:

Azerbaijan

-- -- 4 29

-- -- 4 29 Brazil 88 272 16,400 54,100 (3) 3 16,500 54,400 Canada 120,000 197,000 476,000 1,170,000 141,000 165,000 737,000 1,530,000 China 183 680 24,700 68,100 244,000 234,000 269,000 303,000 France 107 302 4,600 33,900 5 102 4,720 34,300 Germany 949 7,620 5,080 43,800 372 985 6,400 52,400 Hong Kong 110 552 4,960 16,800 22,500 29,800 27,600 47,200 Italy 9 67 2,290 13,900 3 7 2,310 14,000 Japan 3,790 10,500 6,950 64,200 27,100 33,400 37,800 108,000 Kazakhstan

-- -- 237 553

-- -- 237 553 Korea, Republic of 317 1,300 16,100 61,700 45,000 54,000 61,400 117,000 Mexico 85,800 122,000 116,000 388,000 51,700 66,000 254,000 576,000 Netherlands 291 1,190 672 4,690 55 597 1,020 6,480 Philippines 2 3 572 2,740

-- -- 573 2,740 Russia 64 146 114 656

-- -- 178 802 Saudi Arabia 2 8 11,500 25,300

-- -- 11,500 25,300 Singapore 163 1,100 1,440 13,900 85 152 1,690 15,100 South Africa 4 16 169 1,430

-- -- 174 1,450 Taiwan 190 505 10,300 28,400 27,800 31,200 38,300 60,200 Thailand 41 149 5,730 19,200 1,900 1,690 7,670 21,000 Ukraine (3) 10 31 103

-- -- 31 113 United Kingdom 479 2,490 9,920 75,400 464 721 10,900 78,700 Venezuela 7 30 2,340 6,280 42 51 2,390 6,360 Other 1,460 5,200 29,500 147,000 14,700 14,700 45,600 167,000

Total 214,000 351,000 746,000 2,240,000 577,000 633,000 1,540,000 3,220,000

rRevised. -- Zero.
1 Data are rounded to no more than three significant digits; may not add to totals shown.
2Includes castings, forgings, and unclassified semifabricated forms. 3Less than 1/2 unit.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau.5.14 U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MINERALS YEARBOOK—2003 TABLE 9 U.S. EXPORTS OF ALUMINUM, BY CLASS 1

2002 2003 Quantity Value Quantity Value Class (metric tons) (thousands) (metric tons) (thousands) Crude and semicrude:

Metals and alloys, crude 206,000 $337,000 214,000 $351,000 Scrap 613,000 603,000 577,000 633,000 Plates, sheets, bars, strip, etc. 706,000 1,880,000 690,000 1,900,000 Castings and forgings 19,200 132,000 20,000 142,000 Semifabricated forms, n.e.c. 41,500 205,000 36,800 198,000

Total 1,590,000 3,160,000 1,540,000 3,220,000 Manufactures:

Foil and leaf 60,800 213,000 72,900 235,000 Powders and flakes 8,850 40,100 12,000 50,400 Wire and cable 30,800 76,700 30,400 80,000

Total 100,000 330,000 115,000 365,000 Grand total 1,690,000 3,490,000 1,650,000 3,590,000
1 Data are rounded to no more than three significant digits; may not add to totals shown.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau.

TABLE 10 U.S. IMPORTS FOR CONSUMPTION OF ALUMINUM, BY CLASS 1

2002 2003 Quantity Value Quantity Value Class (metric tons) (thousands) (metric tons) (thousands) Crude and semicrude:

Metals and alloys, crude 2,790,000 $4,040,000 2,870,000 $4,270,000 Plates
,sheets
,strip,etc. ,n.e.c. 2 637,000 r 1,430,000 r 653,000 1,510,000 Pipes, tubes, etc. 17,000 94,900 26,900 134,000 Rods and bars 149,000 417,000 142,000 435,000 Scrap 466,000 502,000 440,000 496,000

Total 4,060,000 6,490,000 r 4,130,000 6,840,000 Manufactures:

Foil and leaf 3 105,000 337,000 110,000 354,000 Powders and flakes 3,570 14,200 5,570 18,500 Wire 118,000 190,000 156,000 269,000

Total 227,000 541,000 271,000 642,000 Grand total 4,290,000 r 7,030,000 r 4,400,000 7,480,000

rRevised.
1 Data are rounded to no more than three significant digits; may not add to totals shown.
2Includes plates, sheets, circles, and disks.
3Excludes etched capacitor foil.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau.ALUMINUM—2003 5.15 TABLE 11 U.S. IMPORTS FOR CONSUMPTION OF ALUMINUM, BY COUNTRY 1

Metals and alloys, crude Plates, sheets, bars, etc. 2 Scrap Total Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Country (metric tons) (thousands) (metric tons) (thousands) (metric tons) (thousands) (metric tons) (thousands) 2002:

Argentina 82,300 $118,000 794 r $1,510 r 479 $579 83,500 $120,000 Australia 95,500 139,000 108 785 125 130 95,700 140,000 Bahrain 18,200 26,500 19,100 36,800

-- -- 37,200 63,300 Belgium (3) 5 8,680 r 21,000 r 450 691 9,130 r 21,700 r Brazil 41,000 61,600 2,910 5,390 14,800 19,400 58,700 86,300 Canada 1,580,000 2,320,000 454,000 r 999,000 r 293,000 312,000 2,330,000 3,630,000 China 562 1,130 16,500 46,000 r 1,220 820 18,300 48,000 r France 1,160 5,900 6,400 r 25,000 r 3,520 3,100 11,100 r 34,000 r Germany 2,360 8,260 61,000 205,000 4,970 4,830 68,300 218,000 Italy 80 122 2,520 9,820 42 45 2,640 9,990 r Japan 548 1,150 9,160 r 39,800 249 769 9,950 41,700 Kazakhstan

-- -- -- -- 110 100 110 100 Korea, Republic of 3,510 5,160 5,450 14,500 99 135 9,060 19,800 Mexico 4,690 8,670 15,200 r 63,900 r 62,000 61,300 81,900 r 134,000 Netherlands 440 1,460 2,710 8,310 1,570 2,080 4,730 11,900 Norway 3,810 6,170 125 433

-- -- 3,930 6,600 Panama

-- -- 801 2,560 3,710 3,670 4,510 6,230 Russia 634,000 863,000 60,800 110,000 25,400 33,600 720,000 1,010,000 Slovakia 43 46 1 6

-- -- 45 52 Slovenia 1 16 3,390 8,860

-- -- 3,390 8,870 South Africa 15,900 21,300 31,900 72,300 8 4 47,800 93,600 Spain 624 1,450 244 1,300

-- -- 868 2,750 Ukraine

-- -- 20 30

-- -- 20 30 United Arab Emirates 61,200 95,400

-- -- 777 841 61,900 96,300 United Kingdom 1,230 1,930 8,410 r 31,900 r 4,490 4,860 14,100 r 38,700 r Venezuela 203,000 294,000 21,800 36,000 7,330 6,580 232,000 337,000 Other 39,800 56,900 72,000 r 204,000 r 41,700 r 46,200 r 153,000 r 307,000 r

Total 2,790,000 4,040,000 804,000 r 1,940,000 r 466,000 502,000 4,060,000 6,490,000 r 2003:

Argentina 70,300 110,000 1,000 2,450 495 592 71,800 113,000 Australia 78,100 70,300 116 671 9 10 78,200 71,000 Azerbaijan

-- -- 1 3

-- -- 1 3 Bahrain 3,010 4,630 15,500 31,200

-- -- 18,500 35,800 Belgium 7 42 10,300 25,800 (3) 2 10,300 25,800 Brazil 72,100 108,000 16,500 38,500 3,880 6,290 92,500 153,000 Canada 1,730,000 2,640,000 439,000 1,010,000 306,000 352,000 2,480,000 4,000,000 China 559 1,040 25,200 71,500 328 536 26,100 73,100 France 714 5,810 6,020 25,000 497 492 7,230 31,300 Germany 10,400 22,100 67,300 231,000 721 701 78,500 254,000 Italy (3) 2 2,260 9,660

-- -- 2,260 9,670 Japan 294 656 8,240 39,800 1,070 1,550 9,600 42,000 Korea, Republic of 12 55 6,380 17,000

-- -- 6,390 17,100 Mexico 3,680 7,160 17,200 62,400 71,200 75,000 92,100 145,000 Netherlands 670 1,830 2,600 11,200 289 401 3,560 13,400 Norway 502 1,110 160 598

-- -- 662 1,710 Panama

-- -- 836 2,350 2,300 2,520 3,130 4,870 Russia 627,000 910,000 45,200 90,800 5,160 6,880 677,000 1,010,000 Slovenia

-- -- 4,740 12,300

-- -- 4,740 12,300 South Africa 9,380 13,500 36,700 81,900

-- -- 46,100 95,400 Spain 128 410 764 2,900 21 28 913 3,340 United Arab Emirates 51,400 81,200 3 30 719 808 52,100 82,100 United Kingdom 4,040 6,240 3,050 21,900 3,820 3,310 10,900 31,500 Venezuela 182,000 253,000 23,800 41,900 7,970 8,940 214,000 304,000 Other 20,600 32,600 90,000 244,000 36,000 35,800 147,000 312,000

Total 2,870,000 4,270,000 823,000 2,080,000 440,000 496,000 4,130,000 6,840,000

rRevised. -- Zero.
1 Data are rounded to no more than three significant digits; may not add to totals shown.
2Includes circles, disks, rods, pipes, tubes, etc.
3Less than 1/2 unit.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau.5.16 U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MINERALS YEARBOOK—2003 TABLE 12 ALUMINUM, PRIMARY: WORLD PRODUCTION, BY COUNTRY 1, 2

(Thousand metric tons)

Country 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 e Argentina 206 262 245 e 269 r 272 p Australia 1,718 1,769 1,797 r 1,836 1,857 3 Bahrain 503 509 523 r 519 r 525 3 Bosnia and Herzegovinae, 4 70 95 96 104 105 Brazil 1,250 1,277 r 1,140 r 1,318 1,381 3 Cameroon 90 86 r 91 r 80 e 80 Canada 2,390 2,373 2,583 2,709 2,792 3 Chinae 2,530 2,800 3,250 4,300 5,450 Croatia4 14 15 r 16 r

-- r

-- Egypt 193 193 189 e 190 e 190 France 455 441 462 463 r 450 Germany 634 644 652 653 r 650 Ghana 104 137 r 144 r 117 r 13 Greece 170 168 166 r 165 165 Hungary 34 34 34 r, e 35 e 35 Iceland5 220 224 243 264 260 India6 614 644 624 671 r 790 Indonesiae, 6 106 160 180 160 180 Iran 137 140 e 160 r 169 r 170 Italy 187 189 187 190 r 190 Japan7 11 7 7 6 r 7 Mexico 6 63 61 52 39 r

-- Mozambique

-- 54 266 273 408 3 Netherlands 286 302 294 284 r 300 New Zealand 327 328 322 335 e 340 Nigeriae 16

-- -- -- -- Norway 1,020 1,026 1,068 1,096 1,150 Poland8 51 47 45 51 r, e 50 Romania9 174 179 182 187 r 190 Russia 3,146 3,245 3,300 3,347 3,478 3 Serbia and Montenegro 4 73 88 100 112 r 115 Slovakia6 109 110 110 e 112 e 115 Slovenia4 77 84 r 77 r 88 85 South Africa 689 673 662 707 r 738 3 Spain 364 366 376 380 385 Surinamee 6

-- -- -- -- Sweden 99 101 102 101 101 Switzerland 34 36 r 36 r 40 r 40 Tajikistan 229 269 r 289 308 319 3 Turkeye 62 61 62 r, 3 63 r 63 Ukraine 9 115 104 r 106 112 114 3 United Arab Emirates
,Dubaie 440 470 500 536 540 United Kingdom 272 305 341 344 r 325 United States 3,779 3,668 2,637 2,707 2,703 3 Venezuela 570 571 r 571 605 r 601 3

Total 23,600 24,300 r 24,300 26,000 r 27,700

eEstimated. pPreliminary. rRevised. -- Zero.
1 World totals and estimated data are rounded to no more than three significant digits; may not add to totals shown.
2Primary aluminum is defined as "the weight of liquid aluminum as tapped from pots, excluding the weight of any alloying materials as well as that of any metal produced from either returned scrap or remelted materials." International reporting practices vary from country to country, some nations conforming to the foregoing definition and others using different definitions. For those countries for which a different definition is given specifically in the source publication, that definition is provided in thistable by footnote. Table includes data available through May 10, 2004.
3Reported figure.
4Primary ingot plus secondary ingot.
5Ingot and rolling billet production.
6Primary ingot.
7Excludes high purity aluminum containing 99.995% or more as follows, in metric tons: 1999--34,893; 2000--40,956; 2001--26,586 ; 2002--40,443 (revised); and 2003--40,000 (estimated).
8Primary unalloyed ingot plus secondary unalloyed ingot.
9Primary unalloyed metal plus primary alloyed metal, thus including weight of alloying material.