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- A27029

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NON - PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37 ALISHA L. FORD, IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA Appellant

v. AMERICAN STATES INSU RANCE COMPANY, Appellee No. 1800 WDA 2014

Appeal from the Order Entered October 17 , 2014 In the Court of Common Pleas of Westmoreland County

Civil Division at No(s): 3733 OF 2013

BEFORE: BOWES, OLSON & STABILE, JJ. MEMORANDUM BY OLSON, J.: FILED DECEMBER 30, 2015 Appellant, Alisha L. Ford, appeals from the order entered on October 17, 2014. The subject order granted the motion for summary judgment that was filed by Appellee, American States Insurance Company (he reinafter “ASIC”), and denied Appellant’s cross

- motion for summary judgment. We affirm. The trial court ably summarized the underlying facts and procedural posture of this case. As the trial court explained:

The instant case arose from a motor vehicle a ccident that occurred on March 19, 2013[,] between [Appellant] and another vehicle driven by Carl Showalter. [Appellant], who was operating the insured vehicle, attempted to turn left with the right of way, when Mr. Showalter drove his vehicle through a s olid red light and collided with [Appellant’s] vehicle. As a result of the collision, [Appellant] suffered numerous injuries, including a fracture to her left ankle and a mild traumatic brain injury.J

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- After the accident, [Appellant] gave notice to [ASIC] that she was pursuing an underinsured motorist [(hereinafter “UIM”)] claim under [an automobile insurance policy with ASIC (hereinafter “the Policy”). Appellant’s mother, Audrey Ford, purchased the Policy that insured the vehicle; Appellant was a listed d river on the Policy and was a permissive user of the vehicle at the time of the accident]. .

. . [O]n May 23, 2013, Mr. Showalter’s insurance carrier tendered and paid to [Appellant] his liability policy limit[] of $25,000.00. On that same date, [ASIC] forwarded to [Appellant] the UIM rejection form[] contained in the Policy, wherein[, ASIC contended, Appellant’s mother had] rejected [] UIM coverage []. [The] UIM rejection form [at issue in this case] reads as follows: Rejection of Underinsured Motorists Protection By signing this waiver I am rejecting underinsured motorists coverage under this policy, for myself and all relatives residing in my household. Underinsured motorists coverage protects me and relatives living in my household for loss es and damages suffered if injury is caused by the negligence of a driver who does not have enough insurance to pay for all losses and damages. I knowingly and voluntarily reject this coverage. [Stipulations of Fact between Appellant and ASIC, 8/19/14, a t “Exhibit 2”]. Below this paragraph is a signature line for the Policy’s first named insured, which was signed and dated by [Appellant’s] mother, Audrey Ford, on August 10, 2011. Subchapter C of [Pennsylvania’s Motor Vehicle Financial Responsibility Law (“MVFRL”)], 75 Pa.C.S.A. § 1731, governs the availability and rejection of UIM coverage. Section 1731(c) . . . sets forth the following form to be used when an insured is rejecting such coverage:J

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- REJECTION OF UNDERINSURED MOTORIST PROTECTION By signing this waiver I am rejecting underinsured motorist coverage under this policy, for myself and all relatives residing in my household. Underinsured coverage protects me and relatives living in my household for losses and damages suffered if injury is caused by the negligence of a driver who does not have enough insurance to pay for all losses and damages. I knowingly and voluntarily reject this coverage.

_______________________________ Signature of First Named Insured

________________________ _______

Date 75 Pa.C.S.A. § 1731(c). . . . Section 1731(c.1) then provides[]: Insurers shall print the rejection forms required by subsections (b) [fn.1] and (c) on separate sheets in prominent type and location. The forms must be signed by the first named insured and dated to be valid. The signatures on the forms may be witnessed by an insurance agent or broker. Any rejection form that does not specifi cally comply with this section is void. [75 Pa.C.S.A. § 1731(c.1)]. [fn.1] [75 Pa.C.S.A. § 1731(b) concerns uninsured motorist coverage]. Trial Court Opinion, 10/17/14, at 1

- 3. On June 3, 2013, Appellant forwarded a letter to ASIC, wherein she again dem anded UIM coverage. Within the letter, Appellant declared:

The rejection form provided in this matter is not in strict compliance with the language required by Pennsylvania statute. I would refer you specifically to the secondJ

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- sentence of the rejectio n form, which reads: “Underinsured Motorists Coverage protects me and relatives living in my household for losses and damages suffered if injury is caused by the negligence of a driver who does not have enough insurance to pay for all losses and damages.”

. . . The addition of the word “Motorists” deviates from the statutorily mandated language, as the statute refers only to “Underinsured coverage,” rather than to “Underinsured Motorists Coverage.” Appellant’s Letter to ASIC, dated 6/3/13, at 2

- 3 (emphasi s in original). On July 1, 2013, ASIC sent Appellant a letter, declaring that it was “uphold[ing] [its] denial of coverage based on Mrs. Ford’s rejection of [UIM] . . . benefits.” ASIC Letter to Appellant, 7/1/13, at 2. Appellant then filed a complaint f or declaratory judgment, wherein Appellant claimed that the UIM rejection form that was signed by Appellant’s mother was void, as it did not “specifically comply” with 75 Pa.C.S.A. § 1731(c). Appellant’s Complaint, 7/17/13, at ¶ 19. On August 19, 2014, A SIC filed a motion for summary judgment and, on August 20, 2014, Appellant filed a cross

- motion for summary judgment. Within ASIC’s motion, ASIC claimed that it was entitled to summary judgment because Appellant’s mother expressly rejected UIM coverage an d:

[the ASIC] rejection form contains the exact language as the statutory form except for the addition of the letter ‘s’ to the word ‘Motorist’ in the heading. This is inconsequential surplusage and/or an immaterial variance which should not result in a n insured’s getting a windfall of UIM coverage when the insured neither intended to have nor paid for such coverage. ASIC’s Motion for Summary Judgment, 8/19/14, at 3.J

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Conversely, Appellant claimed that she was entitled to summary judgment because the UIM rejection form did not “specifically comply” with the language of 75 Pa.C.S.A. § 1731(c) and, thus, the form was void. Appellant’s Motion for Summary Judgment, 8/20/14, at 1

- 2. Attached to both summary judgment motions were stipulations of fact, wherein the parties agreed:

. . .

6. At all times material hereto, [Appellant] was an insured under her mother’s Policy because [Appellant] was a resident of her mother’s household. 7. On July 1, 2013, [ASIC] denied that there was [UIM] coverage under the Poli cy for [Appellant] as to the subject accident. This rejection was based on the “Underinsured Motorists Coverage Selection/Rejection” which was signed by Audrey Ford on August 10, 2011. . . .

. . . 9. 75 [Pa.C.S.A.] § 1731(c) and (c.1) of the MVFRL govern the rejection of UIM coverage. . . . 10. There are two differences between the statutory language of 75 [Pa.C.S.A.] § 1731(c) and the language of the [ASIC] form. These two differences are: 1) t he [ASIC] form refers to “Motorists” in the heading, while the statutory form refers to “Motorist”; and 2) the [ASIC] form adds the word “motorists” in the second sentence to read “Underinsured motorists coverage,” while the statutory form reads “Underinsu red coverage.” 11. Premiums were not paid by [Appellant] or her mother for [UIM] coverage. Stipulations of Fact between Appellant and ASIC, 8/19/14, at 2

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By order entered October 17, 2014, the trial court granted ASIC’s motion for summary judgment, den ied Appellant’s cross

- motion for summary judgment, and dismissed Appellant’s complaint. Appellant filed a timely notice of appeal and now raises the following claim to this Court: 1

Whether the [trial] court erred or abused its discretion when holding that [ASIC’s] [UIM] rejection form “specifically complies” with Section 1731 of the [MVFRL] despite [ASIC’s] rejection form incorporating additional language that deviates from the mandated rejection form contained in Section 1731? Appellant’s Brief at 4 ( subheadings omitted and some internal capitalization omitted). We reviewed the briefs of the parties, the relevant law, the certified record, and the well

- written and thorough opinion from the able trial court judge, the Honorable David A. Regoli. We conc lude that the claim raised in Appellant’s brief fails and that Judge Regoli’s opinion, filed on October 17, 2014 , meticulously and accurately explains why Appellant’s claim fails. Therefore, we adopt the trial court’s opinion as our own. In any future fi lings with this or any other court addressing this ruling, the filing party shall attach a copy of the trial court’s opinion.

____________________________________________ 1 The trial court ordered Appellant to file and serve a concise statement of errors complain ed of on appeal, pursuant to Pennsylvania Rule of Appellate Procedure 1925(b). Appellant complied with the trial court’s order and, within her Rule 1925(b) statement, Appellant listed the claim she currently raises in her brief.J

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Order affirmed. Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq. Prothonotary

Date: 12/30/2015; i j. 

## . I i

. i

. ! ; .I

1 i · 

### illM coverage affords b~nefits 

## ~he~ anothe/~~;;;. 

### is. at ~a~~~ fo~ ~j~ but. lac~ strllici~nt.

. . . insurance to coverall losses caused by the.accident. See 75 Pa.C.$,A,.§ 17Jl(c). •.-· .. . · . , . ; ·; .. ·

. · 2

. It is stipulated that the Plaindffwa·s an iriimred under the 

### Policy, which··was in her mother's name

.. However, for the sake of this Opinion, the Policy wiU be referred to as the Plaintiff's policy.

• '. • • .' : • • " • • I • • ,· • •; • • • • ;, • ·: • • ~ ··~ • \ ~ • • ' • • · The instant case arose from a motor vehicle accident-that occurred 

# on March 'i9,-20.l3
between· the Plaintiff, · Alisha L ·Ford;· 'and' another vehicle driven 

### by·:· Carl Showalter,': .The
\ . . . I. Factual Background for Summary Judgment. denies the Plaintiff's Motion .for. Summary Judgment and, further, grants the Defendant's Motion

.. "specifically 

### comply" with 

### the Pennsylvania 

### Motor Financial Responsibility 

### Law ("MYFRL");
75 Pa.C.S.A. § 1731. The Court does not agree, and for the reasons set 

### forth below, hereby

. an. underinsured co~erage ;ej~ction form ("UIM rej~on. f~nn") 1 

## c~ntafued .in th.e Plaintiff's

.

. autoinsurance policy 

### with the DefendantIthefPolicy")

.. 2 

### The. Plaintiff 

## seeks summaryjudgment · 

### in her 

### favor' on 

### the. basis that the Defendant's Ulfyi rejection form ·is void fot. 

### failure 

# to

.

. . . . This matter is before the Court on cross
- motions for summary judgment 

### filed by both the

. : . . . 

### :

. 

### . . . . . .... '
. . . . . .'·
.. _;;.. · : · . .. . .

· · Plaintiff and: Defendant.. Atissue 

### in,--~·ch party's. 

### niotiori. for s-~-jildgment is the 

## validity

.. of

. . . . ·. . . . . 

### . .·
. . . .. OPINION AND ORDER OF COURT Defendant. AMERICAN STATES INSl.JRANCE COMPANY> Plaintiff; No. 3733 of2013 ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ). ) ) ALISHA L. FORD, IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS OF WESTMORELAND COUNTY,

COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA

CIVILDMSION Circulated 12/04/2015 11:28 AM2

REJECTION OF UNDERINSURED MOTORIST PROTECTION By signing this waiver I am rejecting underinsured motorist coverage under 

### this· policy, for myself and ·all relatives residing in my household. Underinsured · · . , coverage protects me and relatives .living in my household for losses and damages · suffered ifinjury is caused-bythe negligence of a driver who does not have · when an insured is rejecting such coverage: See-Exhibit "2" 

### to the 

### Stipulations· ofFact. Below. this paragraph 

# is a signature .line 

### forthe

. Policy's first namedinsured, which wassigned anddated by the.Pl~ntiff's mother, Audrey Ford, 

### I · ' on August 10, 201 

### L' ·

Subchapter C of the MVFRL, 75 Pa C.S.A. § r'731, governs the availability and rejection
of UIM ' coverage
.. Section 1731 (c) of that Subchapter sets forth the following form to be used

. . 

# ' By signing this. waived am rejecting underinsured motorists coverage under this policy , ·for myself and all relatives

. residing 

### -in my household. Underinsured
<, motorists coverage protects me and relatives living in my household for losses and· damages suffered if injury is caused by the negligence of a driver who does not have enough insurance to ·pay for all lossesand damages. 

### t knowinglyand voluntarily reject-this coverage. that same date, the Defendant forwarded to the Plaintiff 

### the UIM rejection forms contained in the

. Policy, wherein it rejected the DIM coverage sought by the Plaintiff

.

. The Defendant's UIM rejection form re_ads as follows: Rejection ofUnderinsured Motorists Protection to her left ankle and a mild traumatic brain 

### injury. After the accident, the Plaintiff gave notice to the Defendant that she was pursuing an underinsured motorist claim under the Policy. Subsequently! on May.23, 2013, 

### fyfr

.. Showalter's insurance-carrier tendered and paid to the Plaintiff his liability policy limits of 

## szs.coo.co. On Plaintiff who 

### was operating the insured vehicle, attempted to turn left with 

### the right of 

### way, when 

### Mr; Showalter dr~ve his vehicle through a solid red light and collided with the Plaintiff's vehicle. 

### AB a result of the collision, the Plaintiff suffered numerous injuries, including a fracture Circulated 12/04/2015 11:28 AM3 173l(b)

. Su b s ec tion (b) e xplai ns the opti ona l uninsured m o torist ( "U M") covera g e. 75Pa.CS.A. § · The MVFRL d oes n ot d e fine th e phrase "specifically comply," nor have man y courts

. . a ttempted 

# to 90 so
. Wh a t' s more , the courts h a ve not been uniform in determining whether

. additional langu ag e in a UIM rejection form specifically complies with Section 1731( c.1). II

. Analysis . . · "motorist s " in i ts tJIM reje c tion 

# form " sp ec ifi ca lly complies" with S ec tion 1731

. ( c ). The qu es t i on before the Court, th e refor e , is wheth e r t ~ e D e fendant ' s addition of'the te rm
_ ambiguity into the form, nor doe s it ch a nge the party's underst a nding of the intended cover a ge -. . . .
- under Section 173 l(c.1) op the following two grounds:
· (l) 

### the a ddition of the letter

. vs" to the

term "Motorist't

. i n the rejection 

### form 's title ; and (2) the inclusion of the word " motorists" _in th

. e form 's second sentence

. The Defendant, however, a rgues that d es pite the additions, it s rejection
form still cont a ins the ex a ct language as se t forth in Section 17 3 1 (c) and thus isv a lid , The

. = Defendant further re as ons that the addition

. of the word "motorists" does not intr o duce any

Instantly , it is the Plaintiff'spos i tion that the Defendant's UIM reject i on form isvoid

. Id. at§ 173l(c.1). 75 Pa.C.S.A. § 173l(c) (West 2014). Section 1731(c

. 1) then provides that:

· Insurers shall prin t the rejection forms required by subsections 

## (b)3 and (c) on separate sheets in prominent type 

### and location. The forms must be signed by the

. first named insured and dated to be valid.The signatures on the forms may be witnessed by an insurance agent or broker. Any rejection form that does not. specifically comply with ' this section is void. Date 

## . . ...... . ..... . .. . .. . .. . ... , , · Signature of First Named Insured 

## . ., 

## . enough insurance to pay 

### for all losses and damages. I knowingly 

### and v o luntarily reject this coverage
. Circulated 12/04/2015 11:28 AM4

effect of an omitted (or, presumably, additional) word is a factor to be considered when determining whether a rejection form "specifically 

### complies" 

## with Section 1731 ( c). Vaxmonsky, 916 A.2d at 1109. The Superior Court's analysis in this regard suggests that the form," 

### wherein it reasoned that said omission "imposed ambiguity where none existed." examined "what effect, if 

### any, the omission of 'all' has on the validity of the signed rejection In reaching its conclusion, the Vaxmonsky Court conducted more than just 

# a perfunctory. comparison of the language used in 

### Section 1731(c) with the UIM rejection form. Rather, it the word "all" from the phrase "all losses and damages" as provided for in Section 1731 ( c), that a UIM 

### rejection form did not specifically comply with Section 173 l(c) due to 

### its removal of 916 A.2d 1106 (Pa Super. 2006); 

### Jones, supra. In 

### Vaxmonsky, the Superior Court concluded that the UIM rejection forms at issue were null and void. 

### See Am. Int'l Ins. 

### Co. v. Vaxmonsky,

. . Court cases interpreting and applying 

### Section 1731 ( c). In both cases, the Superior 

### Court held In support of her Motion 

### for Summary Judgment, the Plaintiff cites several 

### Superior indicates that additional clarifying language vitiates an otherwise valid UIM rejection form"). . . 

### Jones and holding that the UIM rejection form nevertheless complied with Section 1731 because it still used the exact language required by Section 1731 ( c) where Section 173 I ( c. l) "nowhere 

### Heister, 2005 WL 2314372 (M.D.Pa. 2005) (examining the same additional language at issue in comply 

### with the statute and is consequently void") 

### with Unitrin Auto & 

### Home Ins. Co. v. components, of the UIM rejection form required by 75 Pa.C.S.A. § 1731 fail to specifically "additions to the prescribed language, and deviation from the proximal relationship of the Compare Jones v. Unitrin Auto & 

### Home Ins. Co., 40 A3d 125 (Pa. Super. 2012) (holding that Circulated 12/04/2015 11:28 AM5 Judge Cheryl Lynn Allen filed a Dissenting Opinion, in which she found that the rejection form specifically complied with the requirements of Section l 

## n 1 ( c) as it was printed separately from the UM rejection. form, was signed and dated by the Appellant as the first named insured, and contained a verbatim recitation of Section 173l(c)'s language. Id.e: 131. · 4 

## In. order to be 'valid, UM 'or ·ullvf · rejection forms
· must comply 

### with the requirements of section 1731(c.1") 

# as follows: the UIM rejection· must appear on a

. sheet separate from the UM· rejection; the first named insured must 'sign. the rejection; and the rejection must be dated. Instantly, the UIM form was separate from 

### the UM form and Winslow-Quattlebaum, the first named insured; signed and dated the form. There is, therefore, 

### no basis on which to declare such waiver void as it complies with all 

### the requirements-of section 173 l(c.1 ). concluded that: related to rejection of UIM coverage," it did not "specifically comply" with Section .1731 ( c) as required by Section· 173 l(cJ). Id. at 129"'.130.· The Court 

### then held that "additionsto the 

### prescribed language, and deviation from 

### the proximal relationship of 

### the components, of 

### the. DIM rejection form ] •.. 

## J failto specifically comply.with the statute.and is consequently void."
Id. at 1_31 (emphasis added).
In addition to both Vaxmonsky and Jones, the Court finds guidance in the Supreme
Court's decision in Winslow~Quattlehaum v. Maryla11d I11s. 

### Group, 752 A2d ~78- (Pa. 2000) -, In Winslow-Quattlebaum, the Court deemed it acceptable for an insurer to place both the UIM rejection formand the. UIM stacking rejection 

### fo~ on the same page -. °The Winsl~w

. Couii

. required language of Section 173 l(c) and the required signature and date Jines following said language. Id. 

## at 129 : The Court reasoned that because the UIM rejection form was not "directly Court examined the additional sentence in terms of its "proximal relationship" between the underinsured motorist coverage." Jones, 40 A.3d at 128. In reaching its holding, the Jones "By rejecting this coverage, I am also signing the waiver on P. 13 rejecting stacked limits of concluded 

### that a UIM rejection 

### form was 

### invalid due to its inclusion of 

### the following sentence: The Plaintiff also relies on Jones; supra; wherein a majority of the Superior Court 4 Circulated 12/04/2015 11:28 AM6 . .

· s · . . The Court finds this case especially persuasive given the relative lack of Pennsylvania authority on the speci fie is sue presented in this case. . In Jones, the Superior Court examined a UIM rejection form that included an additional sentence, which referredto an entirely different statutory provision [ ... ] The Jones court found that Ute UIM rejection form did not specifically comply. with § 1731 because the additional text did not pertain to the rejection of UIM coverage, and appeared between the text and signature line prescribed in § 1731 ( c), Subject matter and placement of the additional language were essential in the Jones court's analysis ] ... ] · Jones, finding that Jones did not command 

# a different result: TheRobinso1t Court then compared its decision with the Superior Court's decision in ,

. . · MVFRL. Cf; Vaxmonsky, 916 A.2~ 

### at 1109[.Y 1 Robinson, 520 Fed.Appx. at 88~- The Court. continued: "the addition of the word 'motorist' did not introduce ambiguity into the form, did not. change the meaning or scope of the coverage, and-indisputably-did not contravene any party's. understanding of the intended coverage/ Id. at 89, ambiguity into the rejection form, :~din fact made the phrase consistent with the restof the i and reasoned that, "the 'additional word' was one word-a word 

### that didnot introduce

. . . . 1- '

Section 1731. In doing so, the Court referenced the Superior Court's. decision in Vaxmonsky phrase read 

### "underinsured motorist coverage," rather than "underinsnred 

### coverage," The Court ?
. . 

## . concluded 'that despite the additional word, the insurer' s UIM rejection form complied with insureradded the word "motorist" tothe second sentence of 

### its UIM rejection form to make the. Furthermore, the Court finds persuasive the Third Circuit case of 

### Robinson v. Travelers
Indem. 

### cc, 520 Fed.Appx. 85 (3d'Cir. 2013). 5 In Roblnson; similar to the instant case, the 

### Maryland Ins. Group, 723 A.2d 681 (Pa. Super. 1998)(rev'd). Winslow-Quattlebaum, 752 A.2d at 8~2. The Court thus reversed the Superior Court's .· holding that the insurer's UIM rejection form did not specifically comply with Section.
1731 ( c, l) because it' did not stand alone on its own page. See Wlnslow~Q11attleha111n v. Circulated 12/04/2015 11:28 AM7 6 While the Court notes that the Defendant used the plural version of"motorist" throughout the form, the Court does not feel that this alteration changes the instant analysis. the addition of the word "motorists" or that she otherwise misunderstood the meaning of the 

### Lastly, there is no evidence that the first named insured, Audrey Ford, was confused by uniform throughout the paragraph. impose 

## any ambiguity; rather, it could-be argued that its inclusion makes the waiver more [.;.]By signing this waiver I am rejecting underinsured motorist coverage ] ... ]") (emphasis added). As such, the addition of the word "motorists" to the fonn's secondsentence does.not See 75 Pa. CS.A. § 1731 (c) ('•REJECTION OF UNDERINSURED MOTORIST PROT~C'.TION and, in fact, makes the form consistent with the title and first sentence of Section 1731 (c) 's form

.. 

### Furthermore, the 

### term "motorists" is directly related 

### to the rejection ofUityl-~verage insured, directly below the rejection paragraph. See Winslow-Quattlebaum, .752 A.2d at 882. form, whichwas also properly signed and dated 

### by the Plaintiff's mother, as the first named language. Indeed, all of Section 1731 ( c)'s required language is included in the IBM rejection required language of Section 1731 (c) and the required signature and date lines following the form itself. Accordingly, there is no deviation from the "proximal relationship" between the additional paragraph or sentence, nor does 

### it change the format or the spacing of the rejection the addition of one word-"motorists"-in its second sentence. 6 It does not include an 

### In the case at bar, the Defendant's UIM rejection form, akin to 

### Robinson, only contains Id. (internal 

### citations omitted). Neither concern is at issue in this case-the additional word "motorist" does not come between the language specified in § 1731 ( c) and the signature and date line. Moreover, the word "motorist" is directly related to the rejection ofUTh1 coverage-indeed, the word "motorist" could be considered clarifying, as it 

### makes the phrase consistent throughout the section. Thus, even under 

### Jones, we believe that Robinson has no right to the VIM coverage that Tri-County knowingly and intentionally rejected. ----------- - - - - ---- - -···----- - - Circulated 12/04/2015 11:28 AM8 . . .. VIM rejection form as a result. Rather, 

### the Policy language is clear and unambiguous and plainlydenotes that the Plaintiff is "rejecting underinsured motorists coverage." The Plaintiff: however) knowingly and.voluntarily rejected said coverage and, consequently, did not 

### pay for
the same. As such; she is now seeking to recover a benefit for which she never bargained or paid, The Court cannot permit such a recovery, as it finds that the Defendant ts UIM rejection
form specifically complies with Section 1731 ( c) and is thus valid and enforceable, The Court,

. therefore) enters the following Order: · Circulated 12/04/2015 11:28 AM