# Patent

## Title
Active emergency exit systems for buildings

## Abstract

An active exit system may include one or more active exit signs, each exit sign having at least one sensor, a display, and a transceiver. Each active exit sign monitors building environmental conditions, monitors the locations of users and objects within the building, and assists in location services during normal operation. The exit signs transmit a dynamic exit plan to a user's electronic device based on the user's location. In response to sensing an emergency event, the exit sign transmits an emergency signal to the user's electronic device and updates a user's exit plan as needed based on the location of the emergency event. The exit sign also transmits user location information to emergency responders.

## Background
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
The present application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/093,501 for an ACTIVE EXIT SYSTEM filed Dec. 18, 2014. The foregoing patent application is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.


FIELD
Embodiments of the present invention generally relate to the field of exit systems and, more specifically, to active exit systems for buildings that include exit signs to assist building occupants when exiting buildings during emergency events.
BACKGROUND
Building codes (e.g., the International Code Council's (ICC) INTERNATIONAL BUILDING CODE (IBC)) specify that commercial buildings be outfitted (i.e., equipped) with exit signs to indicate building exits. Although specific signage requirements may vary, exits and exit access doors are generally required to be marked with signs placed throughout the facility according to the applicable building code requirements. In the case of external power failure, such as during an emergency situation, the required exit signs must remain illuminated and visible when operating in a reserve or emergency power mode.
Typical exit signs that are installed in commercial buildings or other similar structures, however, are simply passive illuminated indicators. Accordingly, typical passive exit signs are unable to monitor conditions and adapt to an emergency situation in order to dynamically provide additional life-safety information in the case of specific types of emergency events.
Therefore, a need exists for more effective building exit systems, including but not limited to exit systems that contribute to life-safety monitoring and aid building occupants and/or safety personnel during emergency situations.
SUMMARY
The exemplary active exit systems described herein may include at least one active exit sign that provides location services to users during normal operation, and further provides alerts to users and emergency crews regarding emergency events. Each active exit sign may be capable of monitoring surrounding conditions within the building environment and assisting in locating objects and occupants within the building environment. Generally, the active exit sign can provide aid to building occupants as well as emergency responders during emergency situations.
The exemplary active exit signs may be mounted near (i.e., proximate, adjacent, etc.) a respective exit of a building or a respective exit of a part of the building, such as a respective floor or room of the building (e.g., pursuant to applicable building code requirements). In an exemplary embodiment, each exit sign includes an active display on the front of the sign housing. The display may be connected to a processor and can be dynamically updated to display various messages.
In an exemplary embodiment, each exit sign may include at least one sensor. The sensors may include, but are not limited to, a human presence sensor, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a noxious gas sensor, and a fire sensor (i.e., a sensor to detect the presence of a flame or fire). One or more of these sensors monitor conditions in the local building environment. During normal, non-emergency operation, these sensors may be useful for monitoring building conditions such as occupancy, temperature, humidity, etc., and may be associated with or connected to a ventilation control system (i.e., heating, ventilating, air conditioning system) to aid with proper heating and cooling.
With regard to the human presence sensor of an exemplary exit sign, an exemplary sign may include a sensor that can physically detect the presence of a human. For example, the sign can include a motion sensor, a carbon dioxide sensor, or other sensor to detect the physical presence of a human (i.e., a building occupant).
An exemplary sign may also be equipped to indirectly detect the presence of a user/human by sensing the presence of personal electronic devices that communicate with a transceiver integrated with the active exit sign. The transceiver may be configured to communicate with the user's personal electronic device and to automatically send an exit plan to the user's electronic device. The exit plan could provide useful information including, but not limited to, a map of the building, a map of a floor of the building, the user's current location, and a preferred exit path for the user based on the user's location.
During normal non-emergency operation, the active exit system may be configured to track the location of users (i.e., building occupants). For example, each exit sign may be capable of detecting and tracking the relative position of at least one personal electronic device nearby wherein each personal electronic device is associated with a person and/or an object. In this regard, the personal electronic devices act as positional devices. The tracking components of the exit sign and the positional devices may be electronic components or devices that communicate with each other (e.g., through a local server, a remote server, or a direct connection such as a BLUETOOTH connection). The transceiver on the exit sign and/or the exit sign sensor may be configured to receive/detect positional information for at least one person/occupant. The processor of the exit sign can then generate positional data corresponding to the respective positions of each positional device.
The exemplary active exit system may be configured to also monitor/track the location (i.e., the positional data) of users that are not carrying an electronic device through another form of human presence sensor (e.g., carbon dioxide sensor, motion sensor, etc.).
During an emergency event, the respective transceiver of an exemplary exit sign may transmit positional data to a central server, or directly to a cloud server, where the positional data can be transmitted and/or received by an emergency responder. The transmission of the positional data may typically be accomplished through a wireless radio transmitter or a BLUETOOTH transmitter.
The exemplary exit signs may be equipped with a memory component integrated with the respective processors of the signs in order to store positional data, building maps, and other information.
The sensors of the exemplary exit signs may be used for detecting emergency events (e.g., detecting a fire, detecting the presence of a noxious gas, etc.). When an emergency event is sensed by at least one of the sensors, the exit sign transceiver may transmit an emergency signal to each user's electronic device as well as to the central server.
In an exemplary embodiment, when a fire sensor detects a fire in a particular location (e.g., near the exit sign), a processor may generate an updated exit plan, and the transceiver may transmit the updated exit plan to the electronic devices of nearby users. Accordingly, the exit sign can update exit plans for users to reroute them away from the exit associated with the affected emergency event.
When an emergency event (e.g., fire, noxious gas, etc.) is no longer detected, an exit sign display may be updated to transmit an all-clear message, and the exit sign may transmit an “all-clear” message to the electronic devices of users.
The active exit system may further include a software application that operates on a user's electronic device. This application assists the electronic device in processing and displaying information received from an exit sign. The application may be configured to automatically launch upon receipt of an emergency event signal from the exit sign, and automatically display exit directions and/or a map with exit plans.
Each exit sign may be equipped to receive power from an external power source, and a backup internal power source. For instance, during normal operation the exit sign may receive power from the electrical wiring of the building. During emergency operation, however, the exit sign can switch to the backup internal power supply (e.g., a battery).
The foregoing illustrative summary, as well as other exemplary objectives and/or advantages of the invention, and the manner in which the same are accomplished, are further explained within the following detailed description and its accompanying drawings.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating certain components of an exemplary active exit sign.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary active exit system with connections to electronic devices through a local server or a cloud-based server.
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an exit route that may be transmitted to building occupants by the exemplary active exit system during normal operation.
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an exit route that may be transmitted to building occupants by the exemplary active exit system during an emergency event.
FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating the operation of an exemplary active exit system.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Referring now to the drawings (FIGS. 1-5), an exemplary embodiment of the active exit system of the present disclosure is illustrated and generally indicated as reference number 10 (FIG. 2). As will hereinafter be more fully described, the active exit system 10 allows a user to receive location services regarding people and objects during normal operation, to receive an emergency exit plan during normal operation, and to receive a dynamically updated emergency exit plan and other information during an emergency event. An emergency event may include events such as a building fire, a gas leak in a building, or another condition in the building environment that creates a hazard to people within the building (i.e., building occupants). The exemplary active exit system also provides information about people and objects within a building environment to emergency responders during an emergency event.
In the exemplary embodiment, the active exit system includes one or more active exit signs. Each exit sign is located near an exit of a building, or an exit of a floor of a building as may be required by applicable building codes. Each exemplary exit sign has a housing that supports the electronic components of the exit sign. The exit signs can be a single board computer capable of hosting a variety of environmental sensors as well as antennas and radios for communication. The signs may include sensors to detect human presence, temperature, humidity, noxious gases, fire, and other environmental conditions.
FIG. 1 illustrates certain components that may be contained within or partially within the housing of an exemplary active exit sign 12. The exit sign 12 includes a processor 14, a memory component 16, a transmitter/receiver 18, a display 20, an internal power source 22, an external power source 24, and at least one sensor (26, 28, 30, 32, 34). These components are electrically connected and are secured within the housing. FIG. 1 illustrates the processor 14 connected directly to the other electronic components.
The display component 20 may be located on a front surface of the active exit sign 12 and provides information about the exit plan to a user viewing the exit sign 12. The display can be a static display that has one or more backlit messages, or the display can be a dynamic display, such as an LCD (liquid crystal display).
Each exemplary exit sign 12 includes a transmitter/receiver 18 that is configured to transmit information about the building environment to occupants and emergency responders, as well as receive information from a central server 38 (FIG. 2) and individual user's electronic devices. In particular, the transceiver may be configured to send an exit plan to a user's electronic device (e.g., a cell phone or other personal electronic device). Each transmitted exit plan contains information that is useful for at least one user. In the context of this disclosure, the exit sign 12 may include one or more transceivers 18 for communicating with various devices. Some example communication systems include, but are not limited to, wired LAN, fiber optic, Wi-Fi, BLUETOOTH, cellular, RF, and Ultra-Wideband (UWB) transceivers, as may be required within the building environment.
In the primary exemplary embodiment described herein, an internal power source 22 and an external power source 24 providing for redundant backup power are configured with the sign 12. In the exemplary embodiment, the external power source is connected to the building's electrical wiring. It is the primary power source, and is relied on during normal operation. During an emergency event, the exit sign can instead rely on the internal power source 22, such as a back-up battery within the exit sign housing, if the primary power is not available (e.g., the wiring is severed).
FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary active exit system 10 having three exit signs 12A, 12B, 12C interacting with two users, each user having a personal electronic device, cell phone 1 36A, and cell phone 2 36B. The exit signs 12A, 12B, 12C are connected to a local network server 38, through a local network connection, such as a LAN or Wi-Fi connection. The exit signs 12A, 12B, 12C are also connected to a cloud server 40, for example through a cellular network connection. In case of an emergency, the local server 38 may lose power or functionality. Thus, the cloud server 40 is a backup server in this embodiment of the system 10. Users may instruct their cell phones to connect to one or both of the servers 38, 40. FIG. 2 shows the cell phones 36A, 36B being connected to both of the servers 38, 40 as well as a local exit sign 12A, 12B, 12C.
Exit plans stored in the local on-board memory component 16 of the exit sign provide a map of the building or a map of a portion of a building such as a floor. The memory component 16 is also useful for storing information about user location, object locations, emergency event logs, sensor logs, user identities, object identities, logs of users and objects, and other information.
FIG. 3 provides a map diagram 50 of a floor of a building. The map shows an area of the building bounded by an outer wall 52. Overlaid on the map 50 are relative locations of exit signs 12A, 12B, 12C; an object 54, such as a stairwell; and two users of the system 56A, 56B, having two cell phones 36A, 36B respectively carried by the two users. The map also shows a third user 56C, who is not carrying a cell-phone/smartphone, or other electronic device that is connected to the active exit system 10. Each of the exit signs 12A, 12B, 12C is secured on a wall or a ceiling adjacent to a respective exit 60A, 60B, 60C, shown by doors in the outer wall 52.
Each exit sign 12A, 12B, 12C may operate as a tracking device by using a human presence sensor 26 (e.g., motion sensor, carbon dioxide sensor, etc.), the transceiver 18, or another sensor. For example, the exit sign can rely on a transceiver 18 to communicate with positional devices associated with users and objects in the area.
The positional devices can be incorporated into personal electronic devices or other electronic devices, for example, cell phones (i.e., smartphones) including an integrated GPS location device which can be used to identify the location of the user. In FIG. 2, the positional devices are the cell phones 36A, 36B. The processor 14 generates positional data based on information received by the exit sign transceiver 18. When an emergency event is sensed, this positional data can then be transmitted by the exit sign to the server 38 where it can be received by emergency responders. If the local network is disabled, the exit signs 12 can communicate directly with a cloud server 40 through a cellular connection. Thus, exit signs 12A, 12B detect the first and second users 56A, 56B by receiving signals from the respective users' cell phones 36A, 36B. Exit sign 12C detects the third user 56C through a human presence sensor.
FIG. 3 illustrates exit routes 62A, 62B that are generated by the active exit system 10 and respectively sent to users 56A, 56B on a map diagram that may be similar to the map shown in FIG. 3. The map may be received on the user's cell phones 36A, 36B. The map sent to the user may or may not show the locations of other users in the area.
FIG. 3 also illustrates how the active exit system 10 is useful for directing a user to an object 54 within the local environment. FIG. 3 shows object 54, for example a stairwell/fire extinguisher that is obstructed from view of the first user 56A by internal wall 64. The first exit sign 12A detects the location of user 56A by communicating with the user's cell phone 36A. The first exit sign 12A also communicates with an object positional device 37 secured to or located adjacent to the object 54, to receive location information corresponding to the object 54. The first user 56A requests the first exit sign 12A or the active exit system server 38 to guide the first user 56A to the object 54. The exit sign 12A transmits to the first user 56A a map showing the path 66 from the location of the first user 56A to the location of the object 54.
When an emergency event is sensed by at least one of the sensors of an exit sign 12A, 12B, 12C, the transceiver 18 of the respective exit sign transmits an emergency signal to a user's electronic device 36A, 36B if the user is in a region affected by the emergency. Users can also be notified of an emergency event in other locations on their electronic devices through communication with the servers 38, 40. The transceiver 18 can also send a signal directly to other exit signs. In turn, these exit signs can modify their respective displays 20 on their respective sign housings to show an emergency message.
When a fire sensor 30 detects a fire near its respective exit sign, that exit sign 12 generates and transmits an updated exit plan, to direct users away from the exit associated with that exit sign. The processor 14 on the sign 12 generates an updated exit plan, and the sign's transceiver 18 sends the updated exit plan to the electronic devices 36A, 36B of nearby users. The transceiver 18 of the exit sign 12 also sends an emergency message to servers 38, 40, which in turn transmit an emergency message to other exit signs 12 and/or electronic devices 36A, 36B belonging to users. Other exit signs can provide updated emergency maps to electronic devices of their respective nearby users.
FIG. 4 illustrates the building environment of FIG. 3 during an emergency event in which a fire 70 is located near the first exit sign 12A. The first user 56A currently remains in the building, while the second and third users (56B and 56C) have already exited. Because the fire is adjacent exit 60A, the first user 56A is unable to use that exit. The exit sign 12A updates its display 20 to show that the exit 12A is unsafe. The exit sign 12A also updates the exit map for the first user 56A and transmits it to the user's electronic device 36A. FIG. 4 shows the new exit route 63 provided to the first user 56A.
After an emergency event is no longer sensed by the sensors of the exit sign, the sign displays an “all clear” message, and the sign transmits an “all clear” message to electronic devices of users.
FIG. 5 is a flowchart that provides an overview of an exemplary operation of the active exit system 10; however, the scope of the present disclosure is not limited to the exemplary operation described herein. After the exit signs 12 are installed near exits in a building, the sensors are activated on each exit sign at step 100. Each exit sign 12 may be programmed to include its installation location, and may also include a location sensor with location data that is stored in memory 16.
During normal operation, the exit signs 12 are able to provide location services to users' electronic devices 36 (e.g. smartphones, wearables, tablet computers, or other personal electronic devices) in the area. At step 200, the signs 12 sense the locations of objects 54 and user devices 36. The exit signs 12 share the location information with the servers 38, 40. At step 300, the signs 12 provide location services to help people within the building find and locate exits or items.
At step 400, exit plans are transmitted from the exit sign 12 and downloaded to electronic devices 36 in the area. In the case of an emergency, those exit plans are automatically launched on the user electronic devices 36, augmenting the signage within the building.
Meanwhile, additional features may be implemented within the exit signs 12 during normal operation. At step 500, sensors in each exit sign sense conditions of the building environment.
At step 600, sensor information may be output and used in building environmental control systems. For example, temperature and humidity sensor information may be used in heating and cooling operations, and occupancy sensor information may be used for lighting, heating, and cooling control.
The sensors continuously monitor the building environment. If an emergency event is detected, at step 700 the exit signs 12 or the servers 38, 40 launch exit plans on the users' electronic devices 36. In addition to launching the exit plans, the users can be informed by a separate emergency alert at step 800.
At step 800, the system 10 also transmits a message to emergency responders arriving on the scene. In this way, emergency responders can get occupancy information when arriving on the scene. For example, the active exit system 10 can advise the emergency responders that ten users were occupying the third floor, only nine of them have exited, and one user is still detected near the south exit.
If necessary, exit plans are updated by the system 10 at step 900 based on the nature and location of the emergency event. For example, if fire is detected near an exit, the users' exit plan can be dynamically updated at step 900 and the sign 12 can update to show the exit as unsafe at step 1000 (for example, as shown in FIG. 4). This is possible even when there is a loss of power because the signs 12 can operate on backup power and the users' cell phones/smartphones 36 also operate on backup/battery power even during emergency events when there is a loss of external power. The exit sign 12 can provide specific information to users about an emergency event, such as that smoke has been detected in the southwest corner of the second floor of the building.
At step 1100, the exit sign 12 can then direct users' electronic devices 36 to display an “all clear” message when the active exit system 10 or a human controller of the system 10 has deemed that it is safe for people to return to the area.
After the emergency event, the exit signs 12 continue to sense the respective locations of users and objects in the area at step 200, and the exit signs 12 continue to sense conditions of the building environment at step 500.
The active exit system 10 provides, among other things, a thermostat/environmental control system, a security system, and a life safety system. Sensors and radios are useful for gathering and sharing the various forms of information.
The exit signs 12 can be built off of one or more mobile computer platforms. The active exit system 10 enables add-on software services for the sign 12, the servers 38, 40, and the electronic devices 36 of users.
In summary, it can be appreciated from the foregoing description and illustrations that the exemplary active exit systems and exit signs assist building occupants and emergency responders during emergency events. By monitoring and analyzing building conditions, the systems can also provide useful building information during non-emergency events.
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In the specification and/or figures, typical embodiments and environments of the invention have been disclosed. The present invention is not limited to such exemplary embodiments. The use of the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. The figures are schematic representations and so are not necessarily drawn to scale. Unless otherwise noted, specific terms have been used in a generic and descriptive sense and not for purposes of limitation.

## Claims

1. An exit system for a building, comprising:
at least one exit sign, the exit sign comprising:
a display;
at least one sensor selected from the group consisting of: a human presence sensor, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a noxious gas sensor, and a fire sensor;
at least one transceiver;
a power source;
a memory component; and
a central processor integrated with the display, the at least one sensor, the at least one transceiver, the memory component, and the power source;
a remote server in electronic communication with the exit sign;
a portable electronic device carried by a user, the portable electronic device being in electronic communication with the exit sign and the remote server; and
an application installed on the portable electronic device, the application configured to transmit and receive data from the exit sign and the remote server;
wherein the memory component stores at least one exit plan relating to the building;
wherein, in response to the at least one sensor detecting an emergency event, the central processor is configured to (i) actively update the exit sign to display emergency event information; and (ii) transmit emergency event information to the remote server or the user via the transceiver.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein the portable electronic device carried by a user comprises a GPS location device, and wherein the GPS device generates positional data that is received by the exit sign transceiver.

3. The system of claim 2, comprising object positional devices located adjacent objects within the building, wherein the object positional devices are in electronic communication with the remote server.

4. The system of claim 3, wherein the exit sign is configured to transmit data relating to the building environment to the remote server.

5. The system of claim 4, comprising an external power source electrically connected to the exit sign.

6. The system of claim 5, wherein the memory component stores information including at least one of: object locations, emergency event logs, sensor logs, user identities, and object identities.

7. The system of claim 6, wherein the display comprises a liquid crystal display.

8. The system of claim 7, wherein the at least one transceiver is selected from the group consisting of: LAN, Wi Fi, BLUETOOTH, fiber optic, cellular, RF, UWB, and combinations thereof.

9. An active exit system for a building, comprising:
a first exit sign and a second exit sign, wherein the first and second exit signs are each located proximate an exit of the building or an exit of a portion of the building, each exit sign comprising:
a display;
at least one sensor selected from the group consisting of: a human presence sensor, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a noxious gas sensor, and a fire sensor;
at least one transceiver;
a back-up power source;
a memory component, the memory component storing at least one building exit plan; and
a central processor integrated with the display, the at least one sensor, the at least one transceiver, the memory component, and the back-up power source,
an external primary power source electrically connected to the exit sign;
a remote server, the remote server and the exit signs in electronic communication; and
a portable electronic device carried by a user, wherein (i) the portable electronic device is in electronic communication with the remote server, (ii) the portable electronic device comprises a GPS location device, and (iii) wherein the GPS location device generates positional data that is received by at least one exit sign transceiver;
an application installed on the portable electronic device, the application configured to transmit and receive data from the exit sign and the remote server;
wherein the at least one transceiver communicates with the server to provide the positional data to the user;
wherein, in response to the at least one sensor of the first or second exit sign sensing an emergency event, the first and second exit signs display emergency event information.

10. The system of claim 9, comprising object positional devices located adjacent objects within the building, wherein the object positional devices are in electronic communication with the remote server.

11. The system of claim 10, wherein the at least one transceiver communicates with the server to provide the positional data to a user.

12. The system of claim 11, wherein, in response to an emergency event, the first or second exit sign transmits an updated building exit plan to the user based upon positional data that is received by at least one exit sign transceiver.

13. The system of claim 12, comprising a building environmental control system in electronic communication with the remote server, and wherein the exit sign is configured to transmit data relating to the building environment to the remote server.

14. The system of claim 13, wherein the memory component stores information including at least one of: object locations, emergency event logs, sensor logs, user identities, and object identities.

15. The system of claim 14, wherein the display comprises a liquid crystal display.

16. The system of claim 15, wherein the at least one transceiver is selected from the group consisting of: LAN, Wi-Fi, BLUETOOTH, fiber optic, cellular, RF, UWB and combinations thereof.

17. A method for providing an active exit system for a building, comprising:
sensing one or more environmental conditions within a building using at least one exit sign, the exit sign comprising:
a display;
at least one sensor configured to sense the one or more environmental conditions, the at least one sensor selected from the group consisting of: a human presence sensor, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a noxious gas sensor, and a fire sensor;
at least one transceiver;
a power source;
a memory component comprising at least one exit plan relating to the building; and
a central processor integrated with the display, the at least one sensor, the at least one transceiver, the memory component, and the power source;

sensing a location of a portable electronic device carried by a user within the building, the portable electronic device having an application installed thereon, the application configured to transmit and receive data from the exit sign and a remote server, the portable electronic device being in electronic communication with the at least one exit sign and the remote server;
sensing a location of an object within the building;
transmitting a map to the portable electronic device, the map providing an exit plan from the location of the user;
detecting an emergency event within the building based at least in part on the one or more environmental conditions sensed by the at least one sensor;
transmitting an emergency signal to the portable electronic device in response to detecting the emergency event within the building environment; and
causing the central processor to (i) actively update the exit sign to display emergency event information; and (ii) transmit emergency event information to the remote server or the user via the transceiver.

18. The method of claim 17, comprising transmitting a map to the portable electronic device, the map providing a path from the location of the user to the object.

19. The method of claim 17, comprising transmitting the location of the user to emergency responders in response to detecting the emergency event within the building.

20. The method of claim 17, comprising transmitting an updated exit plan to the user in response to detecting the emergency event within the building, the updated exit plan including the location of the emergency event.