### 47105 Federal Register / Vol. 79, No. 155 / Tuesday, August 12, 2014 / Notices

requirements of Executive Order 12866 pursuant to Section 6 of that order.

Paperwork Reduction Act. The information collection requirements of the GWGP are consistent with the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1980, 44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.

Regulatory Flexibility Act. 5 U.S.C. 601 et seq., requires that EPA prepare a regulatory flexibility analysis on rules subject to the requirements of the Administrative Procedures Act [APA, 5 U.S.C. 553] that have a significant impact on a substantial number of small entities. However, EPA has concluded that NPDES General Permits are not rulemakings under the APA, and are therefore not subject to APA rulemaking requirements or the Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA).

Unfunded Mandates Reform Act. Section 201 of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (UMRA), Public Law 104–4, generally requires federal agencies to assess the effects of their regulatory actions (defined to be the same as rules subject to the RFA) on tribal, state, and local governments and the private sector. However, the Idaho GWGP is not subject to the RFA, and are therefore not subject to the UMRA.

Appeal of Permit. Any interested person may appeal the Idaho GWGP in the Federal Court of Appeals in accordance with section 509(b)(1) of the Clean Water Act, 33 U.S.C. 1369(b)(1). This appeal must be filed within 120 days of the Permit issuance date. Persons affected by the Permit may not challenge the conditions of the Permit in further EPA proceedings (see 40 CFR 124.19). Instead, they may either challenge the Permit in court or apply for an individual NPDES Permit.

Authority: This action is taken under the authority of Section 402 of the Clean Water Act, 33 U.S.C. 1342. I hereby provide public notice of the final Permit action in accordance with 40 CFR 124.15(b).

Dated: August 4, 2014. Christine Psyk, Associate Director, Office of Water & Watersheds, Region 10, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
[FR Doc. 2014–19063 Filed 8–11–14; 8:45 am]

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**[EPA–HQ–ORD–2014–0581; FRL–9915–07– ORD]** 

**Notice of Availability of the Risk Assessment Forum White Paper:**  **Probabilistic Risk Assessment Methods and Case Studies and**  **Probabilistic Risk Assessment To Inform Decision Making: Frequently**  **Asked Questions**

**AGENCY :**  Environmental Protection Agency.

**ACTION :**  Notice of Availability.

**SUMMARY :**  This notice announces the availability of ‘‘Risk Assessment Forum White Paper: Probabilistic Risk Assessment Methods and Case Studies’’ and its companion document ‘‘Probabilistic Risk Assessment to Inform Decision Making: Frequently Asked Questions.’’ The drafts were released for public comment, and externally peer reviewed by experts from academia, industry, environmental groups, and other government agencies.

**DATES :**  The document will be available for use by EPA risk assessors and other interested parties on August 12, 2014.

**ADDRESSES :**  The Risk Assessment Forum White Paper: Probabilistic Risk Assessment Methods and Case Studies and Probabilistic Risk Assessment to Inform Decision Making: Frequently Asked Questions are available electronically through the EPA Web site
at http://epa.gov/raf/prawhitepaper/ index.htm.

**FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT :**  Rita S. Schoeny, Office of the Science Advisor, Mail Code 8105R, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave. NW., Washington, DC 20460; telephone number (202) 566– 1127; fax number (202) 565–2911; or email: schoeny.rita@epa.gov.

**SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION :**  PRA began playing an increasingly important role in Agency risk assessments following the 1997 release of EPA’s Policy for Use of Probabilistic Analysis in Risk Assessment at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and publication of the Guiding Principles for Monte-Carlo Analysis. PRA was a major focus in an associated review of EPA risk assessment practices by the Science Advisory Board (SAB) (Letter from M. G. Morgan and R. T. Parkin, Science Advisory Board, to S. Johnson, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. February 28, 2007. EPA/SAB–07/003). http://yosemite.epa.gov/sab/ sabproduct.nsf/55E1B2C78C60 85EB8525729C00573A3E/$File/sab-07- 003.pdf). Both this white paper and the companion FAQ document address recommendations on risk assessment processes described in the U.S. National Research Council’s (NRC) report Science and Decisions: Advancing Risk
Assessment. The white paper and FAQ documents were released for public comment in September 2009 and underwent external peer review in May

2010.

PRA is a group of techniques that incorporate variability and uncertainty into the risk assessment process. PRA provides estimates of the range and likelihood of a hazard, exposure, or risk, rather than a single point estimate. It can provide a more complete characterization of risks, including uncertainties and variability, to protect more sensitive or vulnerable populations and lifestages. The information obtained from a PRA can be used by decision makers to weigh risks from decision alternatives, or to invest in research with the greatest impact on risk estimate uncertainty.

These documents describe how PRA can be applied to enhance the scientific foundation for decision making across the Agency. They were created in response to recommendation of numerous advisory bodies, including the SAB and NRC; these groups recommended that EPA incorporate probabilistic analyses into Agency decision-making processes. This white paper and accompanying FAQ explain how EPA can use probabilistic methods to address data, model, and scenario uncertainty and variability by capitalizing on the wide array of tools and methods that comprise PRA.

Both documents address issues such as variability and uncertainty, their relevance to decision making, and the PRA goal of providing quantitative characterization of the uncertainty and variability in estimates of hazard, exposure, or risk. The difference between the white paper and the FAQs document is the level of detail provided about PRA concepts and practices and the intended audience (e.g., risk assessors for the white paper vs. decision makers) for the FAQ document.

Dated: July 31, 2014. Robert Kavlock,

Interim EPA Science Advisor.
[FR Doc. 2014–19065 Filed 8–11–14; 8:45 am]

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