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Facsimil e Transmitta l Cove rShee tJET-/V-A

3 Unite d State s Environmenta l Protectio n Agenc y Nationa l Vehicl e an d Fue l Emission s Laborator y An n Arbor , Michiga n 48105 jj ) i i B IW S 

# i FAXTO : 

# Tro yHillie r MA Y

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FA XNUMBER : 

# 202-395-728 5 PHON E NUMBER : 

# 202-36&^&8!i^2__ i LOCATION : 

# OMB FROM : 

# Judit hGra y FAXNUMBER : 

# (313 ) 741-781 6 PHON E NUMBER : 

# (313 ) 668-423 1 DIVISION/BRANCH : 

# OMS/RDSD/SpecialRegulator yProject s Branc h DATE : 

# 05/24/9 4 NUMBE R O F PAGE S INCLUDIN G THI S COVE R SHEET : 

# 10 MESSAGE : 

# Dear Troy , Attache dfor

you r revie w ar eafew mino r change s t o th e Fuel s an dFue lAdditive s draf t finalrule . Pleas ele t

u s hea r fromyo uo nth estatu s o f you r overal lrevie w o

f th erulemakin g documents . A s yo uknow , th edeadlin efor th eAdministrator' s signatur eo nthi s rul ei s Friday , May27th . Thanks , Jud yP. 3

e . Characterizatio n o f PAH s an d NPAH s 0 I nth e NPRM , EP Apropose d a broa d requiremen t fo r th e identificatio nan d measuremen t o f polycycli c aromati c compounds . I nth e fina l rule , thi s requiremen t i s narrowe d t o a limite d numbe r o f specifie d compound s whic har e o f significan t concer ni nterm s o f thei r potentia l non-carcinogeni c and/o r carcinogeni c effects . Include d ar e specifie d PA H an d NPA H compound s a s wel l a s individua l compound s an d classe s o f poly-chlorinate d dibenzodioxin s an d dibenzofuran s (P-CDD/CDFs) .

I nadditio nt o specifyin g particula r polycycli c aromati c compound s fo r analysis , th e fina l rul e reduce s th e familie s and/o r categorie s o f F/FA s whic har e subjec t t o thes e requirements . PA H an d NPA H speciatio nnee d no t b e don e fo r F/FA s i nth e methan e an d propan e fue l families , no r fo r F/FA s i nth e atypica l categorie s o f othe r fue l families . Furthermore , speciatio no f dioxins/furan s i s require d onl yfo r F/FA s whic hcontai nchlorin e a s a natypica l element . Thi s i s consisten t wit hth e requiremen t applicabl e t o atypica l F/FA s i ngeneral , tha t al l emissio nspecie s containin g th e relevan t atypica l element s b e identifie d an d measure d (se e sectio n f , below) . Whil e EP Abelieve s tha t characterizatio no f dioxins/furan s i s als o importan t i nth e cas e o f baselin e an d non-baselin e F/FAs , th e NPR Mdi d no t propos e t o requir e thi s procedur e o na wide r basis . EP Aha s thu s refraine d fro mincludin g mandator yrequirement s fo r speciatio no f dioxins/furan s i n th e cas e o f baselin e an d non -P.4 _

baselin e F/FAs . Instead , fo r manufacturer s o f F/FA s othe r tha n chlorine-containin g atypica l F/FAs , dioxin/fura ncharacterizatio n i s include d i nth e fina l rul e onl yo na voluntar ybasis . EP A strongl yencourage s manufacturer s o f baselin e an d non-baselin e F/FA s t o collec t th e necessar yemissio nsample s an d conduc t thes e voluntar yprocedure s a t th e sam e tim e tha t mandator yemissio n characterizatio nrequirement s ar e bein g fulfilled . Th e recen t attentio nan d concer nabou t th e potentia l healt heffect s o f dioxins/furans , combine d wit hth e curren t deart ho f informatio n o n th e specifi c source s an d generatio n o f thes e compounds , increase s th e likelihoo d tha t thes e procedure s wil l b e prescribe d unde r EPA ' s discretionar yTie r 3 authorit yi f th e necessar ydat a i s no t otherwis e submitte d o na voluntar ybasis . I f so , th e incrementa l cost s ar e likel yt o b e considerabl yhighe r tha ni f th e procedure s wer e conducte d i nconjunctio n wit hth e standar d emissio n characterizatio ntasks .

A s wa s proposed , th e fina l rul e require s th e measuremen t an d speciatio no f polycycli c aromati c compound s i nbot hth e semi

volatil e phas e an d particulat e phas e o f combustio nemissions . While , i nth e past , thes e compound s hav e bee nanalyze d primaril yi n th e particulat e phase , th e quantit yo f thes e compound s i nth e semi

volatil e phas e a t th e temperature s encountere d i ndilut e exhaus t ma yals o b e important . Particulat e an d semi-volatil e phas e emission s ar e t o b e collecte d usin g method s describe d i nSectio nVI.B.l . Th e solubl eP. 5

organi c fractio n(SOF ) i s t o b e extracte d fro mth e filte r an d polyme r be d separately . Th e extract s o f th e tw o phase s ar e t o b e teste d separatel yfo r PAH s an d NPAHs , bu t ma yb e combine d befor e testin g fo r dioxins/furans . Example s o f protocol s suitabl e fo r characterizin g polycycli c aromati c compound s ar e availabl e i n th e literature. 1 ' 2 ' 3 ' 4 ' 5 ' 6

1 Coordinatin g Researc hCouncil , "Chemica l Method s fo r th e Measuremen t o f Unregulate d Diese l Emissions, " CR C Repor t No . 551 , 1987 . 2 Tejada , S . B. , "Fluorescenc e Detectio nan d Identificatio n o f Nitr o Derivative s o f Polynuclea r Aromati c Hydrocarbon s b yOn Colum n Catalyti c Reductio nt o Aromati c Amines, " Analytica l Chemistry , Volum e 58 , Numbe r 8 , pp . 1827-1834 , Jul y1986 .

3 Tejada , S . B . e t al. , "Analysi s o f Nitroaromatic s i n Diese l an d Gasolin e Ca r Emissions, " SA E Pape r No . 820775 , 1982 .

4 Schuetzle , D. , "Analysi s o f Nitrate d Polycycli c Aromati c Hydrocarbon s i nDiese l Particulates, " Analytica l Chemistry , Volum e 54 , pp . 265-271 , 1982 .

5 Johnson , J . H . e t al. , " Arevie wo f diese l particulat e contro l technolog yan d emission s effect s - 199 2 Hornin g Memoria l Awar d Lecture, " SA E Technica l Pape r Serie s No . 940233 , 1994 .

6 Aprotoco l fo r identificatio nan d measuremen t o f poly

chlorinate d dibenzodioxin s an d dibenzofuran s i s provide d i n 4 0 CFR , Appendi xA , Metho d 23 .P. 6

(iii ) Characterizatio no f th e semi-volatil e an d particulat e phase s o f combustio nemission s t o identif yan d measur e polycycli c aromati c compounds , a s follows : (A ) Analysi s fo r polycycli c aromati c compound s shal l no t b e conducte da t o r soo nafte r th e star t o f a recommende dengin e lubrican t chang e interval . (B ) Analysi s fo r polycycli c aromati c hydrocarbon s (PAHs ) an d nitrate dpolycycli c aromati c hydrocarbon s (NPAHs) , specifie di n paragrap h(b ) (2 ) (iii ) (D ) o f thi s section , nee dno t b e don e fo r an y fuel s an d additive s i n th e methan e o r propan e fue l families , no r fo r fuel s an d additive s i n th e atypica l categorie s o f an yothe r fue l families , pursuan t t o th e definition s o f suc hfamilie s an d categorie s i n § 79.56 . (C ) Analysi s fo r poly-chlorinate ddibenzodioxin s an d dibenzofuran s (p-CDD/CDFs) , specifie di n paragrap h(b ) (2 ) (iii ) (E ) o f thi s section , i s require donl yfo r fuel s an d additive s whic h contai nchlorin e a s a n atypica l element , pursuan t t o paragrap h (b ) (2 ) (iv ) o f thi s section , whic hrequire s al l individua l emissio n product s containin g atypica l element s t o b e determine dfo r atypica l fuel s an d additives . However , manufacturer s o f baselin e an d nonbaselin e fuel s an d fue l additive s i n al l fue l families , excep t thos e i n th e methan e an d propan e fue l families , iar e strongl y encourage dt o conduc t thes e analyse s o n a voluntar ybasis . (D ) Th e analytica l metho duse dt o measur e specie s o f PAH s an d NPAH s shoul db e capabl e o f detectin g a t leas t 1 pp m(equivalen t t o 0.00 1 microgra m(|Xg ) o f compoun dpe r milligra mo f organi c extract ) o f thes e compound s i n th e extractabl e organi c matter . Th e concentratio no f eac hindividua l PA H o r NPA H compoun didentifie d shal l b e reporte di n unit s o f microgra mpe r mile . Eac hcompoun d whic hi s presen t a t 0.00 1 |J, g pe r mil e o r mor e mus t b e identified , measured , an d reported . Th e followin g individua l specie s shal l b e measured : (1) PAHs : i. ) Benz o (a. ) anthracene ; ii ) Benzo[b]fluoranthene ; iii ) Benzo[k. ] fluoranthene ; iv ) Benz o (ajpyrene ; v ) Chrysene ; vi ) Dibenz o Ta,h1anthracene ; an d vii ) Inden o [1,2 , 3-c__d]pyrene . (2. ) NPAHs : i. ) 7-Nitrobenz o [a. ] anthracene ; 

### ii ) 6-Nitrobenz o [ajpyrene ; iii ) 6-Nitrochrysene ; iv ) 2-Nitrofluorene ; an d v ) 1-Nitropyrene . 

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(E ) Th e analytica l metho d use d t o measur e specie s an d classe s o f p-CDD/CDF s shoul d b e capabl e o f detectin g a t leas t 1 pp t (equivalen t t o 0.00 1 picogra m(pg ) o f compoun d pe r milligra mo f organi c extract ) o f thes e compound s i nth e extractabl e organi c matter . Th e concentratio n o f eac hindividua l p-CDD/CD F compoun d identifie d shal l b e reporte d i nunit s o f picogram s (pg ) pe r mile . Eac hcompoun d whic hi s presen t a t 0. 5 p g pe r mil e o r mor e mus t b e identified , measured , an d reported . (2 J Wit hrespec t t o measuremen t o f p-CDD/CDF s only , th e liqui d extract s fro mth e particulat e an d semi-volatil e emission s fraction s ma yb e combine d int o on e sampl e fo r analysis . (2 J Th e manufacture r i s referre d t o 4 0 CF R60 , Appendi xA , Metho d 2 3 fo r a protoco l whic hma yb e use d t o identif yan d measur e anypotentia l p-CDD/CDF s whic hmigh t b e presen t i nexhaus t emission s fro ma fue l o r additive/bas e fue l mixture . (3_) Th e followin g individua l compound s an d classe s o f compound s o f p-CDD/CDF s shal l b e identifie d an d measured : (i. ) Individua l tetra-chloro-substitute d dibenzodioxin s (tetra-CDDs) ; (ii ) Individua l tetra-chloro-substitute d dibenzofuran s (tetra

CDFs) ; (iii ) Penta-CDD s an d penta-CDFs , a s on e class ; (iv ) Hexa-CDD s an d hexa-CDFs , a s on e class ; (v ) Hepta-CDD s an d hepta-CDF s a s on e class ; an d (vi ) Octo-CDD s an d octo-CDF s a s on e class . (iv ) Wit hrespec t t o al l phase s (vapor , semi-volatile , an d particulate ) o f combustio n emission s generate d fro mthos e fuel s an d additive/bas e fue l mixture s classifie d i nth e atypica l categorie s (pursuan t t o § 79.56) , th e identit yan d concentratio no f individua l emissio nproduct s containin g suc hatypica l element s shal l als o b e determined . 

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### t o grou p wit hthos e simila r F/FA s an d complet e th e testin g wit hth e othe r F/FA s i nthei r group . A t th e same time , EP Abelieve s tha t fo r F/FA s tha t diffe r significantl yi ncompositio no r usag e fro m currentl yregistere d F/FAs , suc htesting woul d no t b e duplicativ e o f testin g o f group s o f registere d F/FAs ; an d therefore , EP Ai s authorize d unde r sectio n211(e ) t o requir e thi s informatio nprio r t o registration . Unde r eithe r theory , EPA' s authorit yt o obtai n informatio nprio r t o registratio ni s no t limite d t o Tie r 1 and Tie r 2 data , becaus e sectio n211(b ) (2 ) (B ) give s EP Aauthorit yt o requir e fo r registratio n an yinformatio nnecessaryt o asses s th e effect s o f emission s o npubli c healt ho r welfare . Therefore , EP Ainterpret s sectio n21 1 (e ) an

d (b ) t o giv e i t th e authorit yt o requir e an y necessaryhealt ho r welfar e effect s informatio nfo r F/FA s tha t ar e significantl ydifferen t i ncompositio no r usag e fromcurrentl y registere d products .

Change s t o CF RPar t 7 9 Thi s fina l rul e include s revision s t o th e curren t CF Rpar t 7 9 registratio nregulation s whic har e necessaryt o properl yimplemen t th e ne wtesting requirement s i nSubpar t F . Thes e consis t o f variou s conforming change s i nregistratio nprocedures , requirements , an

d terminology . Th e submissio n b

ywhic ha manufacture r request s registratio n o f a fue l o r fue l additiv e produc t i s no wcalle d an"application " 3 5 

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### rathe r tha na "notification, " i norde r t o bette r reflec t th e additiona l submission s an d requirement s upo nwhic hregistratio ni s no wcontingent , an d t o avoi d confusio nwit hth e variou s notification s concerning testing requirement s whic hwil l b e transmitte d t o applicant s an d registrant s b

yEPA . Conforming change s hav e bee n mad e i nprocedure s fo r notifyin g a napplican t tha t a submissio n doe s no t compl ywit hregistratio nrequirement s an d fo r granting registration .

A s discusse d i nSectio nIV o f thi s preamble , i n orde r t o determin e i nwhic ho f th e F/F Agroup(s ) establishe d unde r th e criteri a se t fort hi nthi s rul e (se e §79.56 ) a particula r fue l additiv e shoul d b e enrolled , an d t o administe r applicabl e testing requirement s separatel yfo r eac hsuc hF/F Agroup , i t i s essentia l tha t fue l additive s b e deeme d t o b e registere d onl yfo r thos e specifi c type s o f fue l fo r whic hthe ywil l b e sol d and used . Th e Agenc yinterpret s an d i s alread

yadministering th e existing par t 7 9 i nthi s manner . However , i nth e conforming change s include d i n thi s rule , par t 7 9 ha s bee nclarifie d t o confirmtha t registratio n o f fue l additive s i s fue l specific , and tha t EP Aconsider s sal e o r distributio n o f a fue l additiv e produc t fo r us e i na fue l fo r whic h i t i s no t registere d t o b e unlawful .

I naddition , a manufacture r seeking t o registe r a fue l produc t o r a fue l additiv e produc t fo r us e i nvehicle s manufacture d afte r 197 4 mus t demonstrat e tha t i t i s "substantiall ysimilar " t o fuel s

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### o r additive s utilize d i nth e certificatio no f vehicle s fo r 197 5 o r subsequen t mode l years , o r tha t th e manufacture r ha s obtaine d a waive r unde r CA

Asectio n21 1 (f ) (4 ) . Thi s expressl ycodifie s th e manne r i nwhic hEP Aha s administere d th e registratio nprogramsinc e i t adopte d criteri a implementing th e statutoryprohibitio ni nCA A sectio n211(f)(1 ) on introductio nint o commerc e o f fuel s and fue l additive s whic har e no t "substantiall ysimilar. " 2. ProgramFocusonEmissions

CA Asectio n 21 1 give s th e Agenc ydiscretio nt o determin e th e focu s o f F/FAtesting programunde r CA Asectio n211(b) . EP Ai s exercising it s discretio nb yfocusing thi s rul e o nth e testin g o f emissions , becaus e th e mai npurpos e o f th e testing programi s t o provid e EP Awit hinformatio ntha t canb e use d i nregulatory decision-making unde r CA Asectio n211(c) . Sectio n211(c ) o f th e CA Agive s EP Ath e authorit yt o regulat e F/FA s base d o nth e impac t o f thei r emission s o nhealt ho r welfare . Specifically , i t allow s th e Administrato r t o contro l o r prohibi t th e manufacture , introductio nint o commerce , o r sal e o f an yfue l o r fue l additiv e whos e emissio nproduct(s ) caus e o r contribut e t o harmfu l ai r pollution . Th e legislativ e historyo f th e provisio n als o support s a focu s o nemissions , sinc e Hous e an d Senat e Report s o nth e CA

AAmendment s o f 197 0 lin k th e informatio nt o b e obtaine d unde r CA

Asectio n211(b ) t o EPA' s authorit yt o regulat e emission s 3 7

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### r^pcetfiou s rf.rct^(- p * 177 ) t o si xyear s fo r submitta l o f Tie r 2 results . Furthermore , EP A believe s tha t restricting th e tim e perio d fo r exercising th e alternativ e Tie r 2 authorit yi s unnecessaryan d disadvantageou s t o th e publi c interes t a s wel l a s th e regulate d industry , sinc e thi s provisio nestablishe s a mechanis mt o provid e neede d dat a o na timel ybasi s an

d t o eliminat e unnecessaryscreening studie s whe n substitut e test s wil l b e required . Therefore , whil e EP Awil l endeavo r t o notif ymanufacturer s o f propose d alternativ e Tie r 2 requirement s withi n1 8 months , thi s fina l rul e permit s EP At o notif ymanufacturer s o f propose d alternativ e Tie r 2 requirement s a t an ytim e prio r t o EPA' s receip t o f Tie r 2 data . I f a manufacture r receiving suc hnotificatio nha s alread ybegunth e standar d Tie r 2 toxicologytesting , the nEP Awil l refrai nfromrequiring th e testing ; however , i nsuc hcases , th e manufacture r i s require d t o submi t th e result s o f th e standar d Tie r 2 test s withi non e yea r o f th e dat e whe ntesting began . I nothe r cases , EP Awil l conside r th e potentia l costs , burdens , an d timing factor s i n makin g it s fina l decision s o n alternativ e Tie r 2 requirements . IX . Tie r 3 Requirement s

Scope

Onth e basi s o f th e submitte d Tie r 1 and/o r Tie r 2 data , o r an yothe r availabl e information , EPAwil l determin e whethe r furthe r testin g and/o r analysi s fo r th e subjec t fue l o r fue l additiv e i s 17 8 

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