I 

114TH CONGRESS 

2D SESSION H. R. 5466 

To secure the United States technological edge in commercial and military 

aviation. 

IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 

JUNE 14, 2016 

Mr. KNIGHT (for himself and Mr. HONDA) introduced the following bill; which 

was referred to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, and 

in addition to the Committee on Armed Services, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such 

provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned 

A BILL 

To secure the United States technological edge in commercial 

and military aviation. 

1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 

3 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 

4 This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Aeronautics Innovation 

5 Act’’. 

6 SEC. 2. FINDINGS. 

7 The Congress makes the following findings: 

8 (1) Aviation accounts for more than 

9 $1,500,000,000,000 of total United States economic 


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1 activity annually and is one of the few industries 

2 that generates a positive trade balance, including 

3 $82,500,000,000 in 2015 alone. 

4 (2) Growth in the commercial aircraft market is 

5 projected to offer 8 to 10 trillion dollars in new air6 craft sales, parts, and services over the next 17 

7 years. International governments are boosting their 

8 research and development investments to give their 

9 domestic industries competitive advantages in the 

10 aircraft market. 

11 (3) NASA’s aeronautics research and collabo12 rative ventures yield innovations that can eventually 

13 be utilized in the commercial sector, opening up en14 tirely new markets, enabling the United States avia15 tion industry to grow and maintain global competi16 tiveness, providing high-quality engineering and 

17 manufacturing jobs, and benefiting the quality of life 

18 for our citizens. 

19 (4) All of NASA’s other directorates and capa20 bilities, including those in space, depend on research 

21 and technology that originated and is maintained in 

22 NASA’s Aeronautics Centers. 

23 (5) Aviation plays a central role in our national 

24 security strategy, and our technological advantage 


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1 over potential adversaries must be maintained with 

2 sustained and focused research and development. 

3 (6) NASA Aeronautics Research Mission Direc4 torate’s six strategic thrusts (safe, efficient growth 

5 in global operations; innovation in commercial super6 sonic aircraft; ultra-efficient commercial vehicles; 

7 transition to low-carbon propulsion; real-time, sys8 tem-wide safety assurance; and assured autonomy 

9 for aviation transformation) are effective and nec10 essary research areas for the development of next 

11 generation aeronautics technology that will preserve 

12 the United States lead in the global aviation indus13 try. 

14 (7) Continued progress in the science and tech15 nology of aeronautics is crucial to the United States 

16 sustained economic success and the protection of the 

17 United States security interests at home and around 

18 the world, as acknowledged in the 2006 National 

19 Aeronautics Research and Development Policy. To 

20 ensure Federal efforts remain on a disciplined path 

21 to meet national objectives, the Director of the Of22 fice of Science and Technology Policy is responsible 

23 for the implementation and biennial review of the 

24 Nation’s aeronautics research and development plan. 


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1 (8) We need an aeronautics program worthy of 

2 the United States of America and capable of meet3 ing our 21st century challenges. 

4 SEC. 3. DEFINITIONS. 

5 In this Act: 

6 (1) ADMINISTRATOR.—The term ‘‘Adminis7 trator’’ means the Administrator of NASA. 

8 (2) AERONAUTICS STRATEGIC IMPLEMENTA9 TION PLAN.—The term ‘‘Aeronautics Strategic Im10 plementation Plan’’ means the Aeronautics Strategic 

11 Implementation Plan issued by the NASA Aero12 nautics Research Mission Directorate. 

13 (3) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMIT14 TEES.—The term ‘‘appropriate congressional com15 mittees’’ means the Committee on Armed Services, 

16 the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, 

17 and the Committee on Appropriations of the House 

18 of Representatives and the Committee on Armed 

19 Services, the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 

20 Transportation, and the Committee on Appropria21 tions of the Senate. 

22 (4) NASA.—The term ‘‘NASA’’ means the Na23 tional Aeronautics and Space Administration. 


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1 SEC. 4. EXPERIMENTAL PLANE PROGRAMS. 

2 (a) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con3 gress that— 

4 (1) developing high-risk, precompetitive aero5 space technology for which there is not yet a profit 

6 rationale is a fundamental NASA role; 

7 (2) near-full-scale to full-scale vehicle flight test 

8 experimentation and validation are necessary for— 

9 (A) transitioning new technologies to com10 mercial and military aeronautics use; and 

11 (B) capturing the full breadth of benefits 

12 from the Aeronautics Research Mission Direc13 torate’s investments in priority programs called 

14 for in— 

15 (i) the National Aeronautics Research 

16 and Development Plan issued by the Na17 tional Science and Technology Council in 

18 February 2010; 

19 (ii) the NASA 2014 Strategic Plan; 

20 and 

21 (iii) the Aeronautics Strategic Imple22 mentation Plan; 

23 (3) a level of funding that adequately supports 

24 full-scale experimentation and related infrastructure 

25 must be assured over a sustained period of time to 

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1 grams through to completion and achieve national 

2 economic and security objectives; 

3 (4) NASA should establish a long-term goal of 

4 increasing its Aeronautics research spending, over 

5 time, to 10 percent of its overall budget; and 

6 (5) NASA’s gradual completion of Next Gen7 eration Air Transportation System tools and tech8 nologies will allow NASA to refocus its resources on 

9 its traditional studies of the problems of flight with 

10 a view to their practical solutions. 

11 (b) NATIONAL POLICY.—It is the policy of the United 

12 States to maintain world leadership in air power projection 

13 and industrial aviation leadership, and to this end one of 

14 the fundamental objectives of NASA aeronautics research 

15 is the steady progression and expansion of high-speed 

16 flight capabilities, including the underlying aerothermo17 dynamics, high temperature structures, propulsion, and 

18 flight controls science and technologies. 

19 (c) ESTABLISHMENT OF PROGRAMS.—NASA shall 

20 establish the following full-scale technology, experimental 

21 flight research, multidisciplinary, and revolutionary con22 cepts programs to demonstrate innovative advances in aer23 onautics and aviation and the feasibility of transformative 

24 ideas and concepts: 


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1 (1) A low-boom supersonic aircraft program, to 

2 demonstrate supersonic aircraft designs and tech3 nologies that reduce sonic boom noise to levels that 

4 will encourage the repeal of domestic and inter5 national bans on commercial supersonic flight over6 land. 

7 (2) Three subsonic flight programs, from 

8 among the ultra-efficient X-Plane and hybrid-electric 

9 X-Plane programs, each centered around a set of 

10 new configuration concepts or technologies deter11 mined by the Administrator of NASA, to— 

12 (A) enable significant increases in energy 

13 efficiency and lower life cycle emissions in the 

14 aviation system; 

15 (B) demonstrate transformative propulsion 

16 systems, as described in the 3rd and 4th stra17 tegic thrusts of the Aeronautics Strategic Im18 plementation Plan (ultra-efficient commercial 

19 vehicles and the transition to low-carbon pro20 pulsion); 

21 (C) introduce and integrate a progression 

22 of technologies and systems enabling trans23 formative levels of environmental-related per24 formance improvements in the next generations 

25 of large civil air transports; and 


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1 (D) culminate in large-scale X-Plane dem2 onstrations. 

3 (3) An unmanned aircraft operations program 

4 that— 

5 (A) researches, develops, and tests capa6 bilities and concepts for integrating unmanned 

7 aircraft systems into the national airspace sys8 tem; 

9 (B) advances technologies for a future un10 manned aircraft traffic management system for 

11 low altitude operations; 

12 (C) advances technologies for unmanned 

13 vehicles and informs airworthiness requirements 

14 for all categories of unmanned systems; 

15 (D) benefits industry, especially as oper16 ations transition to more autonomous systems; 

17 and 

18 (E) is consistent with national safety and 

19 national security objectives. 

20 (d) PROGRAM ELEMENTS.—For each of the pro21 grams established under subsection (c), NASA shall— 

22 (1) include development of experimental aircraft 

23 (X-Plane), experimental systems (X-System), mul24 tiple technologies, and all necessary supporting flight 

25 assets; 


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1 (2) pursue a robust technology maturation and 

2 flight validation program that addresses challenges 

3 in technology development and maturation; 

4 (3) improve necessary facilities and flight test5 ing capabilities to support the program; 

6 (4) coordinate demonstrations with the aviation 

7 community, the armed services, and the Defense Ad8 vanced Research Projects Agency; and 

9 (5) ensure that the program remains aligned 

10 with the Aeronautics Strategic Implementation Plan. 

11 (e) CROWDSOURCING PILOT PROGRAM.— 

12 (1) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Administrator shall 

13 establish a crowdsourcing pilot program to allow 

14 NASA to experiment with the crowdsourcing of early 

15 stage experimental aerospace vehicle design work. 

16 (2) MECHANISM.—As part of such program, 

17 NASA shall establish a mechanism from which to 

18 crowdsource the preliminary designs of advanced 

19 aerospace vehicles that will increase the speed, 

20 range, capacity, safety, and affordability of aero21 space transportation, such as supersonic or 

22 hypersonic aircraft. 

23 (3) PRIVATE SECTOR EXPERTS.—NASA may 

24 work with private sector subject matter experts in 


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1 crowdsourcing to assist in the development of the 

2 pilot program. 

3 (4) SUNSET.—This pilot program shall termi4 nate 5 years after the date of enactment of this Act. 

5 (5) REPORT.—NASA shall report to the appro6 priate congressional committees at the end of the 

7 pilot program to communicate lessons learned under 

8 the program and make recommendations for how 

9 benefits of crowdsourcing may be more broadly ap10 plied to NASA objectives. 

11 SEC. 5. HYPERSONICS. 

12 (a) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con13 gress that the Nation’s understanding of hypersonic tech14 nologies and weapons will play an increasingly important 

15 role in our national security. Maintaining United States 

16 preeminence in hypersonics research and development is 

17 key to our military’s ability to project power and defend 

18 the homeland as our adversaries also seek to develop 

19 hypersonic capabilities. 

20 (b) POLICY.—It is the policy of the United States to 

21 maintain a clear and consistent commitment to a dis22 ciplined research, development, and testing strategy to 

23 bring hypersonic technology to maturity on a schedule that 

24 sustains the United States strategic military edge. 


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1 (c) JOINT TECHNOLOGY OFFICE ON

2 HYPERSONICS.—Section 218 of the John Warner Na3 tional Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2007 

4 (Public Law 109–364; 10 U.S.C. 2358 note), as most re5 cently amended by section 1079(f) of the National Defense 

6 Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2016 (Public Law 114– 

7 192; 129 Stat. 999), is amended by striking subsections 

8 (c) through (e) and inserting the following: 

9 ‘‘(c) RESPONSIBILITIES.—In carrying out the pro10 gram required by subsection (b), the joint technology of11 fice established under subsection (a) shall do the following: 

12 ‘‘(1) Coordinate and integrate current and fu13 ture research, development, test, and evaluation pro14 grams and system demonstration programs of the 

15 Department of Defense on hypersonics. 

16 ‘‘(2) Undertake appropriate actions to ensure— 

17 ‘‘(A) close and continuous integration of 

18 the programs on hypersonics of the military de19 partments with the programs on hypersonics 

20 across the Federal Government; and 

21 ‘‘(B) that both foundational research and 

22 developmental testing resources are adequate 

23 and robustly funded, and that facilities are 

24 made available in a timely manner to support 


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1 hypersonics research, demonstration programs, 

2 and system development. 

3 ‘‘(3) Approve demonstration programs on hy4 personic systems to speed operational applications. 

5 ‘‘(4) Ensure that any demonstration program 

6 on hypersonic systems that is carried out in any 

7 year after its approval under paragraph (3) is car8 ried out only if certified under subsection (e) as 

9 being consistent with the roadmap under subsection 

10 (d). 

11 ‘‘(5) Develop a well-defined path for hypersonic 

12 technologies to transition to operational capabilities 

13 for the warfighter. 

14 ‘‘(d) ROADMAP.— 

15 ‘‘(1) ROADMAP REQUIRED.—The joint tech16 nology office established under subsection (a) shall 

17 develop and maintain a roadmap for the hypersonics 

18 programs of the Department of Defense. The Sec19 retary of Defense shall ensure that all elements of 

20 the roadmap are updated to reflect changes in na21 tional hypersonics assessments and needs not less 

22 than once every two years. 

23 ‘‘(2) COORDINATION.—The roadmap shall be 

24 developed and updated under paragraph (1) in co25 ordination with— 


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1 ‘‘(A) the Joint Staff; 

2 ‘‘(B) the National Security Council; 

3 ‘‘(C) the Administrator of the National 

4 Aeronautics and Space Administration; 

5 ‘‘(D) the Director of the Office of Science 

6 and Technology Policy; 

7 ‘‘(E) the Director of the Defense Advanced 

8 Research Projects Agency; and 

9 ‘‘(F) the Director of National Intelligence. 

10 ‘‘(3) ELEMENTS.—The roadmap shall include 

11 the following matters: 

12 ‘‘(A) Anticipated or potential mission re13 quirements for offensive hypersonics systems 

14 and defenses against hypersonics systems of po15 tential adversaries. 

16 ‘‘(B) Short-term, mid-term, and long-term 

17 goals for Department of Defense hypersonics, 

18 which shall be consistent with the missions and 

19 anticipated requirements of the Department 

20 over the applicable period. 

21 ‘‘(C) A schedule for meeting such goals, in22 cluding— 

23 ‘‘(i) the activities and funding antici24 pated to be required for meeting such 

25 goals; and 


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1 ‘‘(ii) the activities of the National 

2 Aeronautics and Space Administration to 

3 be leveraged by the Department of Defense 

4 to meet such goals. 

5 ‘‘(D) The research, development, test, and 

6 evaluation facilities required to support the ac7 tivities identified in subparagraph (C), along 

8 with the schedule and funding required to up9 grade those facilities, as necessary. 

10 ‘‘(E) Recommendations on the program11 matic resources necessary for each agency to 

12 advance the collective goals and priorities of the 

13 roadmap in an efficient, sustained manner. 

14 ‘‘(F) Recommendations to transition hy15 personic science and technology to operational 

16 capabilities for the warfighter. 

17 ‘‘(G) Acquisition transition plans for hy18 personics. 

19 ‘‘(4) SUBMITTAL TO CONGRESS.—The Secretary 

20 of Defense shall submit to the congressional defense 

21 committees— 

22 ‘‘(A) at the same time as the submittal to 

23 Congress of the budget for fiscal year 2018 (as 

24 submitted pursuant to section 1105 of title 31, 


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1 United States Code), the roadmap developed 

2 under paragraph (1); and 

3 ‘‘(B) at the same time as the submittal to 

4 Congress of the budget for each even-numbered 

5 fiscal year after 2018, the roadmap updated 

6 under paragraph (1). 

7 ‘‘(e) ANNUAL REVIEW AND CERTIFICATION OF

8 FUNDING.— 

9 ‘‘(1) ANNUAL REVIEW.—The joint technology 

10 office established under subsection (a) shall conduct, 

11 on an annual basis, a review of— 

12 ‘‘(A) the funding available for research, de13 velopment, test, and evaluation programs and 

14 demonstration programs within the Department 

15 of Defense for hypersonics, in order to deter16 mine whether or not such funding is consistent 

17 with the roadmap developed under subsection 

18 (d); and 

19 ‘‘(B) the hypersonics demonstration pro20 grams of the Department of Defense, in order 

21 to determine whether or not such programs 

22 avoid duplication of effort and support the 

23 goals of the Department in a manner consistent 

24 with the roadmap developed under subsection 

25 (d). 


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1 ‘‘(2) CERTIFICATION.—The joint technology of2 fice established under subsection (a) shall, as a re3 sult of each review under paragraph (1), certify to 

4 the Secretary of Defense whether or not the funding 

5 and programs subject to such review are consistent 

6 with the roadmap developed under subsection (d). 

7 ‘‘(3) TERMINATION.—The requirements of this 

8 subsection shall terminate after the submittal to 

9 Congress of the budget for fiscal year 2021 pursu10 ant to section 1105 of title 31, United States Code. 

11 ‘‘(f) REPORTS TO CONGRESS.—If, as a result of a 

12 review under subsection (e), funding or a program on 

13 hypersonics is certified under that subsection not to be 

14 consistent with the roadmap developed under subsection 

15 (d), the Secretary of Defense shall submit to the congres16 sional defense committees, at the same time as the sub17 mittal to Congress of the budget (as submitted pursuant 

18 to section 1105 of title 31, United States Code), a report 

19 on such funding or program, as the case may be, describ20 ing how such funding or program is not consistent with 

21 the roadmap, together with a statement of the actions to 

22 be taken by the Department of Defense. 

23 ‘‘(g) HEAD OF OFFICE.—The Secretary of Defense 

24 shall appoint an individual who is a recognized authority 

25 in the field of hypersonics to serve as the Director of the 


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1 joint technology office established under subsection (a). 

2 The Director shall serve as the head of the office and as 

3 the principal adviser to the Office of the Secretary of De4 fense on all matters related to hypersonics, reporting di5 rectly to the Deputy Secretary of Defense. 

6 ‘‘(h) STAFF.—Secretary of Defense shall fix the com7 pensation of the Director and shall appoint and fix the 

8 compensation of such other personnel as may be necessary 

9 to enable the joint technology office established under sub10 section (a) to carry out its functions.’’. 

11 (d) INTERAGENCY RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, 

12 TESTING, AND EVALUATION COORDINATION.—The Direc13 tor of the Office of Science and Technology Policy, 

14 through the National Science and Technology Council, 

15 shall ensure that Federal hypersonics research, develop16 ment, testing, and evaluation activities are coordinated 

17 and executed pursuant to a disciplined investment plan. 

18 In doing so, the Director shall— 

19 (1) develop and maintain a strategic plan to ad20 vance the United States hypersonics research, devel21 opment, test and evaluation goals in an efficient, 

22 sustained manner; 

23 (2) identify test and evaluation infrastructure 

24 critical to hypersonics research, development, test25 ing, and evaluation and make recommendations to 


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1 the President for upgrading those facilities as nec2 essary; 

3 (3) promote policies for a robust hypersonics 

4 workforce; and 

5 (4) encourage Federal agencies conducting hy6 personics research, development, testing, and evalua7 tion to develop and promote policies that sustain 

8 their respective agencies’ efforts in implementing the 

9 coordinated Federal hypersonics agenda. 

10 (e) AIR FORCE HYPERSONICS CAPABILITIES ACQUI11 SITION.—The Secretary of the Air Force shall consider 

12 findings from all Federal research, development, and dem13 onstration projects that relate to hypersonics in making 

14 and executing acquisition plans for the Air Force. 

15 (f) CIVILIAN HYPERSONICS REPORT.—Not later than 

16 120 days after the date of enactment of this Act, NASA 

17 shall transmit to Congress a report that— 

18 (1) collects broad civilian input identifying ben19 efits to the private sector and universities from 

20 NASA support for precompetitive hypersonics sci21 ence; and 

22 (2) contains a list of proposed research and 

23 technology investments, prioritized on the basis of 

24 the national interest that will be served, potential 


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1 economic impact, and cost of each such technology 

2 investment proposal. 

3 (g) 21ST CENTURY HYPERSONICS WORKFORCE.— 

4 (1) RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CAPABILI5 TIES.— 

6 (A) IN GENERAL.—In order to build and 

7 prepare the workforce for hypersonics develop8 ment, the Air Force Office of Scientific Re9 search, the Office of Naval Research, and the 

10 appropriate Department of the Army science 

11 and technology entities, in consultation with the 

12 Director of the Office of Science and Tech13 nology Policy, through the National Science and 

14 Technology Council, shall expand, intensify, and 

15 coordinate programs and activities with re16 search institutions to strengthen their capabili17 ties for research and development of hyperson18 ics technology and related education and train19 ing. 

20 (B) GRANTS.—To carry out subparagraph 

21 (A), the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, 

22 the Office of Naval Research, and the appro23 priate Department of the Army science and 

24 technology entities may make grants to re25 search institutions. Each such grant shall be for 


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1 a period of not to exceed 3 years, and may be 

2 extended for one or more additional periods not 

3 exceeding 3 years if— 

4 (i) the recipient’s program has been 

5 reviewed and approved by an appropriate 

6 technical and scientific peer review group 

7 established by the Director of the Air 

8 Force Office of Scientific Research, the Of9 fice of Naval Research, or the appropriate 

10 Department of the Army science and tech11 nology entity; and 

12 (ii) such group has recommended to 

13 the appropriate Director that such grant 

14 period should be extended. 

15 (2) PILOT PROGRAMS.—Not later than 180 

16 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Di17 rector of the Office of Science and Technology Pol18 icy, through the National Science and Technology 

19 Council, shall recommend to the Air Force Office of 

20 Scientific Research, the Office of Naval Research, 

21 and the appropriate Department of the Army science 

22 and technology entities a series of hypersonics tech23 nology prototype projects to be completed over the 

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1 map developed under section 218(d) of the John 

2 Warner National Defense Authorization Act for Fis3 cal Year 2007, as added by subsection (c) of this 

4 section or the civilian hypersonics report transmitted 

5 under subsection (f). 

6 SEC. 6. 21ST CENTURY AERONAUTICS RESEARCH CAPABILI7 TIES INITIATIVE. 

8 (a) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Administrator shall es9 tablish a 21st Century Aeronautics Capabilities Initiative, 

10 within the Construction of Facilities Account, to ensure 

11 that NASA possesses the infrastructure capabilities nec12 essary to conduct proposed flight demonstration projects 

13 across the range of NASA aeronautics interests. As part 

14 of such Initiative, the Administrator shall carry out the 

15 following activities: 

16 (1) Any investments necessary to upgrade and 

17 create facilities for civil and national security aero18 nautics research to support advancements in long19 term foundational science and technology, advanced 

20 aircraft systems, air traffic management systems, 

21 fuel efficiency, system-wide safety assurance, autono22 mous aviation, and supersonic and hypersonic air23 craft design and development. 

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1 opment of free-flight test techniques and methodolo2 gies, upgrades and improvements to real-time track3 ing and data acquisition, and any other measures re4 lated to aeronautics research support and mod5 ernization as the Administrator may consider appro6 priate to carry out the scientific study of the prob7 lems of flight, with a view to their practical solution. 

8 (b) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—For the 

9 purpose of carrying out this section, there are authorized 

10 to be appropriated to NASA $40,000,000, to be derived 

11 from amounts otherwise authorized to be appropriated to 

12 NASA. 

13 (c) REPORT.— 

14 (1) REPORT REQUIRED.—Not later than 60 

15 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Ad16 ministrator shall transmit to Congress a report con17 taining a 5-year plan for the implementation of the 

18 21st Century Aeronautics Research Capabilities Ini19 tiative. 

20 (2) ELEMENTS.—The report required by this 

21 subsection shall include— 

22 (A) a description of proposed projects; 

23 (B) a description of how the projects align 

24 with the ARMD Strategic Implementation Plan 

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1 nology office on hypersonics under section 

2 218(d) of the John Warner National Defense 

3 Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2007, as 

4 added by section 5(c) of this Act; and 

5 (C) a timetable for carrying out activities 

6 and initiatives authorized under this section. 

Æ 


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