Supreme Court of Florida

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No. SC15-1549

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VICTOR TONY JONES,

Appellant,

vs.

STATE OF FLORIDA,

Appellee.

[September 28, 2017]

PER CURIAM.

Victor Tony Jones, a prisoner under sentence of death, appeals the circuit 

court’s order summarily denying his fourth successive motion for postconviction 

relief, which was filed under Florida Rule of Criminal Procedure 3.851. We have 

jurisdiction. See art. V, § 3(b)(1), Fla. Const. 

We previously affirmed Jones’s convictions and sentences of death on direct 

appeal. Jones v. State, 652 So. 2d 346, 353 (Fla. 1995). We affirmed the denial of 

his initial motion for postconviction relief and denied his petition for a writ of 

habeas corpus. Jones v. State, 855 So. 2d 611, 619 (Fla. 2003). We affirmed the 

denial of his first and second successive motions for postconviction relief and the 
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circuit court’s determination that he is not intellectually disabled. Jones v. State, 

93 So. 3d 178, 178 (Fla. 2012); Jones v. State, 966 So. 2d 319, 330 (Fla. 2007). 

The appeal of the denial of his third successive motion for postconviction relief 

was voluntarily dismissed. Jones v. State, 135 So. 3d 287 (Fla. 2014) (table).

Jones filed his fourth successive motion for postconviction relief on May 26, 

2015, seeking a new determination of his claim that he is ineligible for the death 

penalty due to intellectual disability in light of the recent decision of the United 

States Supreme Court in Hall v. Florida, 134 S. Ct. 1986 (2014). The circuit court 

summarily denied the motion on June 18, 2015, concluding that Jones is not 

entitled to relief under Hall because he had a full and complete evidentiary hearing 

that lasted several days, during which he presented evidence regarding all three 

prongs of the intellectual disability standard yet failed to establish that he met any 

of the three prongs. This appeal follows.

“[T]he term ‘intellectually disabled’ or ‘intellectual disability’ means 

significantly subaverage general intellectual functioning existing concurrently with 

deficits in adaptive behavior and manifested during the period from conception to 

age 18.” § 921.137(1), Fla. Stat. (2015). “Significantly subaverage general 

intellectual functioning” is defined as “performance that is two or more standard 

deviations from the mean score on a standardized intelligence test specified in the 

rules of the Agency for Persons with Disabilities.” Id. “Adaptive behavior” 
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“means the effectiveness or degree with which an individual meets the standards of 

personal independence and social responsibility expected of his or her age, cultural 

group, and community.” Id. 

In Hall, the Supreme Court held that Florida’s interpretation of section 

921.137(1) as establishing a strict IQ test score cutoff of 70 “creates an 

unacceptable risk that persons with intellectual disability will be executed, and thus 

is unconstitutional.” 134 S. Ct. at 1990. The Court further held that when 

assessing the subaverage intellectual functioning prong of the intellectual disability 

standard, courts must take into account the standard error of measurement of IQ 

tests. Id. at 2001. And “when a defendant’s IQ test score falls within the test’s 

acknowledged and inherent margin of error, the defendant must be able to present 

additional evidence of intellectual disability, including testimony regarding 

adaptive deficits.” Id. Hall also held that an intellectual disability determination is 

a “conjunctive and interrelated assessment” such that no single factor can be 

considered dispositive. Id.; see also Oats v. State, 181 So. 3d 457, 467-68 (Fla. 

2015) (“[A]s the Supreme Court has now recognized, because these factors are 

interdependent, if one of the prongs is relatively less strong, a finding of 

intellectual disability may still be warranted based on the strength of other prongs.”

(citing Hall, 134 S. Ct. at 2001)). Although we held that “Hall warrants retroactive 

application as a development of fundamental significance,” Walls v. State, 213 So. 
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3d 340, 346 (Fla. 2016), petition for cert. filed, No. 16-1518 (U.S. May 10, 2017), 

we conclude that under the circumstances presented in this case, Jones is not 

entitled to relief under Hall.

When the trial court considered Jones’s first successive motion for 

postconviction relief and intellectual disability claim in 2006, it permitted Jones to 

present evidence regarding all three prongs of the intellectual disability standard. 

The trial court concluded that Jones was not intellectually disabled and “did not 

meet even one of the three statutory requirements for [intellectual disability].” 

Jones, 966 So. 2d at 325. 

Jones argues that he is entitled to relief under Hall because the IQ scores that 

were presented to the trial court in 2006 fall within the tests’ acknowledged and 

inherent margins of error—which Hall requires courts to take into account—and he 

is therefore entitled to present additional evidence of intellectual disability. Jones 

is correct that in light of Hall, he would likely now meet the first prong of the 

intellectual disability standard—significantly subaverage general intellectual 

functioning. But as we noted in 2007, each of the IQ tests in this case was 

administered after Jones was shot in the head during the commission of the 

murders. There was testimony in 2006 that Jones’s intelligence was probably 

higher before the head injury. Even Jones’s expert testified that the head injury 

“result[ed] in impairment of Jones’s ability to concentrate and remain focused, and 
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negatively affect[ed] his perceptual processes.” Id. at 329. Jones is not entitled to

a new hearing in order to present additional evidence of intellectual disability 

because he was already provided the opportunity to present evidence regarding 

each of the three prongs of the intellectual disability standard in 2006, and Hall

does not change the fact that Jones failed to establish that he meets the second or 

third prong. As we have recently reiterated, “If the defendant fails to prove any 

one of these components, the defendant will not be found to be intellectually 

disabled.” Wright v. State, 213 So. 3d 881, 895 (Fla. 2017); Salazar v. State, 188 

So. 3d 799, 812 (Fla. 2016); see also Wright, 213 So. 3d at 898 (holding that 

Wright failed to prove that he is of subaverage intellectual functioning and “[f]or 

this reason alone, Wright does not qualify as intellectually disabled under Florida 

law”). 

Jones also asserts that the trial court in 2006 and this Court in 2007 

improperly concluded that he did not meet the adaptive deficits prong because 

those determinations were based on reports from corrections officers or other 

observations of his functioning in prison, which are not valid indicators of adaptive 

behavior. This claim is procedurally barred and meritless. We rejected this 

argument in 2007, finding that the conclusion that Jones did not meet the adaptive 

deficits prong was not solely based on observations of Jones’s functioning in 

prison. Jones, 966 So. 2d at 327-28. Hall does not disturb the previous finding 
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that Jones failed to establish that he has concurrent adaptive deficits, and Jones is 

not entitled to relitigate this claim.

Finally, Jones argues that he is entitled to relief in light of another recent 

United States Supreme Court decision, Hurst v. Florida, 136 S. Ct. 616 (2016). 

But we have determined that Hurst is not retroactive to cases that were final before 

the United States Supreme Court issued its decision in Ring v. Arizona, 536 U.S. 

584 (2002). Asay v. State, 210 So. 3d 1, 11 (Fla. 2016), cert. denied, 2017 WL 

1807588 (2017). Because Jones’s convictions and sentences became final in 1995, 

he is not entitled to relief under Hurst. 

For these reasons, we affirm the circuit court’s order denying Jones’s fourth 

successive motion for postconviction relief and deny relief based on Hurst.

It is so ordered.

LABARGA, C.J., and PARIENTE, LEWIS, and QUINCE, JJ., concur.

CANADY and POLSTON, JJ., concur in result.

LAWSON, J., concurs in result with an opinion.

NOT FINAL UNTIL TIME EXPIRES TO FILE REHEARING MOTION, AND 

IF FILED, DETERMINED.

LAWSON, J., concurring in result.

I fully agree with the majority’s explanation as to why Hall does not open 

the door for Jones to relitigate his intellectual disability claim, and I concur in the 

result of the majority’s decision that Jones is not entitled to Hurst relief. See
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Okafor v. State, 42 Fla. L. Weekly S639, S641, 2017 WL 2481266, at *6 (Fla. June 

8, 2017) (Lawson, J., concurring specially).

An Appeal from the Circuit Court in and for Miami-Dade County, 

Dennis James Murphy, Judge - Case No. 131990CF0501430001XX

Neal A. Dupree, Capital Collateral Regional Counsel, William M. Hennis III, 

Litigation Director, and Nicole M. Noël, Staff Attorney, Capital Collateral 

Regional Counsel, Southern Region, Fort Lauderdale, Florida,

for Appellant

Pamela Jo Bondi, Attorney General, Tallahassee, Florida, and Melissa J. Roca, 

Assistant Attorney General, Miami, Florida,

for Appellee