Clean Cities Alternative 

Fuel Price Report

April 2008 
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT APRIL 2008 

WELCOME! 

Welcome to the April 2008 issue of the Clean Cities Alternative Fuel Price Report, a quarterly report designed to 

keep you up to date on the prices of alternative fuels and conventional fuels in the U.S. This issue summarizes 

prices that were collected between April 1, 2008 and April 11, 2008 from Clean Cities Coordinators, fuel providers, 

and other Clean Cities stakeholders. 

METHODOLOGY 

In order to collect price information for 

both alternative fuels and conventional 

fuels from areas across the country, Clean 

Cities Coordinators, fuel providers, and 

other key stakeholders were contacted to 

request that they provide prices for fuels in 

their area on a voluntary basis. Prices were 

collected on all major alternative fuels 

currently in widespread use (natural gas, 

propane, biodiesel, and ethanol), as well as 

prices for conventional fuels at stations that 

also sell alternative fuels (or stations 

nearby). Prices were collected from public 

and private refueling stations throughout 

the country, and were collected between 

April 1, 2008 and April 11, 2008. Prices 

were then averaged in order to determine 

regional price trends by fuel and variability 

in fuel price within regions (and among 

regions). Prices in this report are grouped 

by U.S. areas as defined by the Petroleum 

Administration for Defense Districts (PADD): the districts are illustrated in the map to the right. 

The prices collected for this report represent retail, at-the-pump sales prices for each fuel, including Federal and 

state motor fuel taxes. In some cases, prices were collected from government or utility refueling facilities and these 

taxes were not included in the reported price. In these instances, although these users are not required to pay these 

taxes, the taxes were added to the reported price to provide a more representative basis for comparison of fuel 

prices for the purpose of this report. In some cases, states may charge a flat annual fee for motor fuel taxes 

(especially for gaseous fuels like CNG): these fees are not considered in the prices reported in these pages. 

 Page 2 
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT APRIL 2008 

SUMMARY OF CURRENT REPORT INFORMATION 

Overall nationwide average prices for Table 1. Overall Average Fuel Prices 

conventional and alternative fuels are 

shown in Table 1. 1 As this table 

illustrates, alternative fuel prices 

Nationwide Nationwide Change in Price Units of 

Average Price for Average Price for This Report vs. Measurement 

Fuel This Report Fuel Last Report Last Report 

relative to conventional fuels vary, Gasoline (Regular) $3.43 $2.99 $0.44 per gallon 

with some (100% biodiesel) higher 

and some (B20, propane, E85 and 

CNG $2.04 $1.93 $0.11 per GGE 

Diesel $4.14 $3.40 $0.74 per gallon 

CNG) lower. CNG is about a $1.40less 

than gasoline on an energy-equivalent 

basis, while E85 is about 56 cents less 

Ethanol (E85) $2.87 $2.51 $0.36 per gallon 

Propane $3.15 $3.12 $0.03 per gallon 

per gallon than gasoline. Propane is 

about 28 cents per gallon less than 

gasoline. B2/B5 prices and B20 prices Biodiesel (B2-B5) $3.99 $3.31 $0.68 per gallon 

are lower than regular diesel by about 

16 cents. B99/B100 blends have a cost 

of about 17 cents per gallon more than regular diesel. 

Biodiesel (B20) $3.98 $3.37 $0.61 per gallon 

Biodiesel (B99-B100) $4.31 $3.69 $0.62 per gallon 

Relative to the last report from January 2008, the average prices for all of the fuels included in this price report have 

increased, by as much as 74 cents. It should be noted that the price increases or decreases could be attributed both 

to an actual increase in price and to a slightly differing sample of prices (both location and quantity). 

Prices in this report were collected and are reported in Table 2. April 2008 Overall Average Fuel Prices on Energythe units in which they are typically sold (dollars per Equivalent Basis 

gallon or dollars per gasoline-gallon equivalent). 

Because of differing energy contents per gallon for 

these fuels, the price paid per unit of energy content 

can differ somewhat from the price paid per gallon. 

Table 2 illustrates the fuel prices from Table 1 for the Gasoline $3.43 $3.82 $29.68 

current reporting period normalized to a price per 

gasoline-gallon equivalent, per diesel gallon 

Nationwide Nationwide Nationwide 

Average Price in Average Price in Average Price in 

Gasoline Gallon Diesel Gallon Dollars per 

Equivalents Equivalents Million Btu 

Diesel $3.71 $4.14 $32.19 

CNG $2.04 $2.27 $17.66 equivalent, or per million Btu of energy. This 

calculation involves the use of nominal lower heating 

values in Btu per gallon of fuel which can be found in Propane $4.36 $4.86 $37.75 

the Transportation Energy Data Book2

. Note that 

prices for the alternative fuels in terms of cost per 

Ethanol (E85) $4.06 $4.53 $35.20 

Biodiesel (B20) $3.63 $4.05 $31.48 

Biodiesel (B2-B5) $3.59 $4.00 $31.07 gallon equivalent are generally higher than their cost 

per gallon because of their lower energy content per 

gallon3

. It has been seen, however, that consumer 

interest in alternative fuels increases as the price differential per gallon increases, even if that differential does not 

directly translate to savings on an energy-equivalent basis. 

Biodiesel (B99-B100) $4.24 $4.73 $36.78 

1

 A very small sample of hydrogen information was received (6 prices total): average price for hydrogen was $18.83 per gge in this report. 
 2

 A listing of the conversion factors used appears as an appendix at the end of this report. 


3

 For ethanol flexible-fuel vehicles, the actual difference in energy cost per mile is somewhat less than would be calculated simply on the difference in energy content 


of the fuels, as some sources have noted many FFVs can achieve better energy efficiency (miles per unit of energy) on E85 than on gasoline. This effect is not
 

currently included in these calculations as the magnitude of the effect varies by vehicle.
 

 Page 3 
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT APRIL 2008 

GASOLINE AND DIESEL PRICES 

Average prices for gasoline Table 3. Average Gasoline and Diesel Prices by Region from Clean Cities Sources 

and diesel as collected by 

Clean Cities coordinators 

and other stakeholders 

(supplemented where 

necessary with other 

reference sources for New England $3.43 / 0.09 37 $4.25 / 0.25 30 

Regular Gasoline Information Diesel Information 

Reported by Clean Cities ($/gal) Reported by Clean Cities ($/gal) 

Average Price Number of Data Average Price Number of Data 

/ Standard Points / Standard Points 

Deviation of Price Deviation of Price 

These prices were collected Lower Atlantic $3.37 / 0.14 82 $4.09 / 0.13 57

conventional fuels) are 

illustrated in Table 3. Central Atlantic $3.42 / 0.13 38 $4.35 / 0.13 36 

from refueling stations 

selling both conventional 

fuels and alternative fuels, 

and from conventional 

Midwest $3.41 / 0.16 346 $4.09 / 0.17 108 

Gulf Coast $3.36 / 0.07 79 $4.04 / 0.12 37 

Rocky Mountain $3.35 / 0.13 45 $4.00 / 0.24 39 

alternative fuel stations. 

Just over 700 price points 

NATIONAL AVERAGE $3.43 / 0.17 730 $4.14 / 0.21 380 

fuel refueling stations near West Coast $3.60 / 0.23 103 $4.25 / 0.20 73 

were collected for gasoline and 380 for diesel, with average prices for gasoline ranging from a low of $3.35 per 

gallon in the Rocky Mountain region to a high of $3.60 per gallon on the West Coast. Diesel prices ranged from 

$4.00 in the Rocky Mountain region to $4.35 in the Central Atlantic. Because prices for conventional fuels were 

collected from stations and regions providing alternative fuel price information, data collection was not uniform 

across the regions of the country. The information is, however, representative of refueling stations selling both 

alternative fuels and conventional fuels. 

Table 4 illustrates average prices as provided by the DOE Table 4. EIA Gasoline and Diesel Price Averages 

Energy Information Administration (EIA) on the petroleum 

information section of its website 

(http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/info_glance/pet 

roleum.html). These prices are averages of prices from a 

Gasoline Average Diesel Average 

Price from EIA, Price from EIA, 

Week of 4/7/08 Week of 4/7/08 

New England $3.30 $4.12 

selection of 800 retail fuel stations across the country. Note 

that the average nationwide price from EIA generally 

Lower Atlantic $3.31 $3.94 

Central Atlantic $3.37 $4.14 

matches relatively closely with the averages from the 

station information collected from Clean Cities 

stakeholders. Comparisons in this document between Gulf Coast $3.25 $3.89 

Midwest $3.28 $3.92 

conventional fuel prices and alternative fuel prices will be 

made using prices collected from Clean Cities 

representatives wherever possible, as these prices are most West Coast $3.43 $4.05 

representative of stations selling both conventional and 

alternative fuels. 

Rocky Mountain $3.27 $3.97 

NATIONAL AVERAGE $3.30 $3.96 

 Page 4 
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT APRIL 2008 

COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS (RELATIVE TO GASOLINE) 

Average prices for Table 5. Compressed Natural Gas Average Prices by Region from Clean Cities Sources 

compressed natural gas for 

vehicle use are illustrated 

in Table 5, grouped by 

region. Information on 

prices for regular gasoline 

as provided by Clean New England $2.42 / 0.52 18 $3.43 / 0.09 37 

Natural Gas (CNG) Information Regular Gasoline Information 

Reported by Clean Cities ($/gge) Reported by Clean Cities ($/gal) 

Average Price Number of Data Average Price Number of Data 

/ Standard Points / Standard Points 

Deviation of Price Deviation of Price 

were collected from across Lower Atlantic $1.99 / 0.60 5 $3.37 / 0.14 82

Cities representatives is 

also shown. These prices Central Atlantic $2.49 / 0.35 58 $3.42 / 0.13 38 

the country from Clean 

Cities Coordinators, fuel 

providers, and other 

stakeholders on a 

Midwest $1.69 / 0.34 14 $3.41 / 0.16 346 

Gulf Coast $2.44 / 0.15 18 $3.36 / 0.07 79 

Rocky Mountain $1.26 / 0.86 103 $3.35 / 0.13 45 

voluntary basis. Just under West Coast $2.64 / 0.33 75 $3.60 / 0.23 103 

three hundred CNG prices 

were collected in this 

report4

. 

NATIONAL AVERAGE $2.04 / 0.84 291 $3.43 / 0.17 730 

As Table 5 illustrates by region, CNG has a lower price than gasoline for all regions of the country for which prices 

were obtained, with the largest difference ($2.09 per gge) being in the Rocky Mountain region. On average, CNG 

costs about $1.39 less than gasoline on a per gasoline gallon equivalent basis. Variability of CNG prices was higher 

(based on a standard deviation analysis) than variability of gasoline prices. 

The map to the right illustrates some 

cost differentials by state for natural gas 

relative to gasoline, based on 

differentials between natural gas prices 

and gasoline prices for each state 

(versus the regional averages illustrated 

in Table 5). In this map, negative 

numbers represent costs for natural gas 

lower than costs for gasoline. States not 

highlighted with a color did not have 

any natural gas data points in the 

current report. As the map illustrates, 

CNG prices were favorable relative to 

gasoline for all of the states for which 

information was collected. 

4

 Prices for CNG were provided by the individual stakeholders in gasoline-gallon equivalents from the “price at the pump.” It should be noted that the internal 

conversion factor between the physical quantities of gas delivered and gge was not collected from each of the refueling stations. Regional differences in gas heat 

content relative to the internal pump conversion factor may change the price per gge: these differences were not determined for this report, however. 

 Page 5 
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT APRIL 2008 

COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS (RELATIVE TO DIESEL) 

Average prices for Table 6. Compressed Natural Gas Average Prices by Region from Clean Cities Sources 

compressed natural gas for 

vehicle use are illustrated 

in Table 6, grouped by 

region. Information on 

prices for conventional 

diesel fuel as provided by New England $2.70 / 0.58 18 $4.25 / 0.25 30 

Natural Gas (CNG) Information Diesel Information 

Reported by Clean Cities ($/dge) Reported by Clean Cities ($/gal) 

Average Price Number of Data Average Price Number of Data 

/ Standard Points / Standard Points 

Deviation of Price Deviation of Price 

sources is also shown. Lower Atlantic $2.22 / 0.67 5 $4.09 / 0.13 57

representatives from Clean 

Cities and supplemental Central Atlantic $2.78 / 0.39 58 $4.35 / 0.13 36 

These prices were collected 

from across the country 

from Clean Cities 

Coordinators, fuel 

Midwest $1.88 / 0.38 14 $4.09 / 0.17 108 

Gulf Coast $2.72 / 0.17 18 $4.04 / 0.12 37 

Rocky Mountain $1.41 / 0.96 103 $4.00 / 0.24 39 

providers, and other West Coast $2.94 / 0.37 75 $4.25 / 0.20 73 

the CNG prices in Table 6 are the same group of prices as for Table 5, but converted to a cost per diesel gallon 

equivalent basis, in order to compare directly with diesel prices. 

As Table 6 illustrates by region, CNG has a lower price than diesel for all regions of the country, with the largest 

difference ($2.59 per dge) being in the Rocky Mountain region. On average, CNG costs about $1.86 less than diesel 

on a per diesel gallon equivalent basis. Based on standard deviation calculations, CNG appears to have had more 

variability in price during this time period relative to diesel fuel. 

The map to the right illustrates some 

cost differentials by state for natural gas 

relative to diesel, based on differentials 

between natural gas prices and diesel 

prices for each state (versus the regional 

averages illustrated in Table 6). In this 

map, negative numbers represent costs 

for natural gas lower than costs for 

diesel. States not highlighted with a 

color did not have any natural gas data 

points in the current report. As with 

the comparison to gasoline, natural gas 

prices relative to diesel were also 

generally favorable, as the map shows. 

stakeholders on a 

voluntary basis. Note that 

NATIONAL AVERAGE $2.28 / 0.94 291 $4.14 / 0.21 380 

 Page 6 
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT APRIL 2008 

ETHANOL (E85) 

Average prices for Table 7. Ethanol (E85) Average Prices by Region from Clean Cities Sources 

ethanol in an 85% blend 

with 15% gasoline (E85) 

are illustrated in Table 7, 

grouped by region. 

Information on prices 

Ethanol (E85) Information Regular Gasoline Information 

Reported by Clean Cities ($ per gal) Reported by Clean Cities ($ per gal) 

Average Price Number of Data Average Price Number of Data 

/ Standard Points / Standard Points 

Deviation of Price Deviation of Price 

New England $4.03 / -.-- 1 $3.43 / 0.09 37 for regular gasoline as 

provided by Clean Cities 

representatives is also 

shown. These prices 

were collected from 

Central Atlantic $2.84 / 0.23 21 $3.42 / 0.13 38 

Lower Atlantic $3.02 / 0.17 34 $3.37 / 0.14 82 

Midwest $2.88 / 0.22 255 $3.41 / 0.16 346 

across the country from Gulf Coast $3.03 / 0.14 49 $3.36 / 0.07 79 

Clean Cities 

Coordinators, fuel 

providers, and other 

stakeholders on a 

voluntary basis. Over 

Rocky Mountain $2.57 / 0.33 59 $3.35 / 0.13 45 

West Coast $2.96 / 0.21 44 $3.60 / 0.23 103 

NATIONAL AVERAGE $2.87 / 0.26 463 $3.43 / 0.17 730 

450 prices for ethanol were collected in this data collection effort. Data collection was not uniform across regions 

of the country, but as the majority of operational ethanol stations are in the Midwest, data collection generally 

mirrored the density of refueling. 

Note that E85 has a lower average price per gallon than regular gasoline in all regions except New England (see 

Table 7). On average, E85 is about 56 cents lower in price than regular gasoline on a per-gallon basis, with the 

largest average differential (78 cents) being found in the Rocky Mountain region. Based on the calculated standard 

deviations in this set of E85 price information, it can be seen that price variability for E85 was somewhat larger 

than the price variability for gasoline for the period. 

The map to the right illustrates some cost 

differentials between E85 and regular 

gasoline by state, based on differentials 

between E85 prices and gasoline prices 

for each state (versus the regional 

averages illustrated in Table 7). In this 

map, negative numbers represent costs 

for E85 lower than for gasoline, and 

positive numbers represent costs for E85 

higher than gasoline. States not 

highlighted with a color did not have 

any E85 data points in the current report. 

In the time period for this report, E85 

cost less per gallon than gasoline for 

much of the area for which prices were 

available: the best pricing was in the 

upper Midwest and along the West 

Coast. 

 Page 7 
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT APRIL 2008 

PROPANE 

Average prices for Table 8. Propane Average Prices by Region from Clean Cities Sources 

propane are illustrated 

in Table 8, grouped by 

region. Information on 

prices for regular 

gasoline as provided by 

New England -- -- $3.43 / 0.09 37 

Propane Information Regular Gasoline Information 

Reported by Clean Cities ($ per gal) Reported by Clean Cities ($ per gal) 

Average Price Number of Data Average Price Number of Data 

/ Standard Points / Standard Points 

Deviation of Price Deviation of Price 

representatives from 

were collected from 

Midwest $3.05 / 0.46 16 $3.41 / 0.16 346 across the country from 

Clean Cities Gulf Coast $2.91 / 0.82 6 $3.36 / 0.07 79 

West Coast $2.61 / 0.79 17 $3.60 / 0.23 103 stakeholders on a 

voluntary basis. About 

100 propane prices were 

collected in this reporting period. 

NATIONAL AVERAGE $3.15 / 0.76 101 $3.43 / 0.17 730 

As Table 8 illustrates regionally, propane prices are lower in most regions except the Central Atlantic and Lower 

Atlantic regions. Overall, propane was about 28 cents per gallon less than gasoline. The West Coast had the most 

favorable price situation in this report, with propane at 99 cents per gallon less than gasoline on average. Based on 

calculations of standard deviation in prices, it can be seen that propane prices for vehicle use seems to have varied 

more than gasoline prices during this sampling period. 

Clean Cities is also 

shown. These prices 

Central Atlantic $3.82 / 0.71 21 $3.42 / 0.13 38 

Lower Atlantic $3.45 / 0.62 15 $3.37 / 0.14 82 

Coordinators, fuel 

providers, and other 

Rocky Mountain $2.91 / 0.55 26 $3.35 / 0.13 45 

The map to the right illustrates some 

cost differentials between propane and 

regular gasoline on a per-gallon basis, 

based on differentials between propane 

prices and gasoline prices for each state 

(versus the regional averages illustrated 

in Table 8). In this map, negative 

numbers represent costs for propane 

lower than costs for gasoline, and 

positive numbers represent propane 

prices higher than gasoline. States not 

highlighted with a color did not have 

any propane data points in the current 

report. Propane prices were generally 

favorable in California and the 

Southwest. 

 Page 8 
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT APRIL 2008 

BIODIESEL BLENDS: B20 

Average prices for Table 9. Biodiesel (B20) Average Prices by Region from Clean Cities Sources 

biodiesel in a 20% blend 

with 80% diesel (B20) 

are illustrated in Table 9, 

grouped by region. 

Information on prices 

Biodiesel (B20) Information Diesel Information 

Reported by Clean Cities ($ per gal) Reported by Clean Cities ($ per gal) 

Average Price Approximate Average Price Approximate Number 

/ Standard Number of / Standard of Stations 

Deviation of Price Stations Deviation of Price 

New England $4.03 / 0.38 14 $4.25 / 0.25 30 for regular diesel as 

provided by Clean Cities 

representatives is also 

shown. These prices 

were collected from 

Central Atlantic $3.92 / 0.42 16 $4.35 / 0.13 36 

Lower Atlantic $3.97 / 0.19 19 $4.09 / 0.13 57 

Midwest $3.75 / 0.54 17 $4.09 / 0.17 108 

across the country from Gulf Coast $3.97 / 0.35 7 $4.04 / 0.12 37 

Clean Cities 

Coordinators, fuel 

providers, and other 

stakeholders on a 

voluntary basis. Just 

Rocky Mountain $4.15 / 0.34 23 $4.00 / 0.24 39 

West Coast $4.00 / 0.42 22 $4.25 / 0.20 73 

NATIONAL AVERAGE $3.98 / 0.40 118 $4.14 / 0.21 380 

over 100 prices were obtained for B20 across the country. 

As Table 9 illustrates, biodiesel in a B20 blend has an average price per gallon that is generally close to conventional 

diesel fuel (ranging from 15 cents more to 43 cents less per gallon). Based on calculations of standard deviation on 

B20 prices, variability in B20 prices was a bit larger than the variability in price of conventional diesel by region. 

On average in the U.S., biodiesel in a B20 blend costs about 16 cents less per gallon than conventional diesel fuel 

based on current information. 

The map to the right illustrates some 

cost differentials between B20 and 

diesel on a per-gallon basis, based on 

differentials between biodiesel prices 

and gasoline prices for each state 

(versus the regional averages illustrated 

in Table 9). In this map, negative 

numbers represent costs for B20 lower 

than costs for diesel, and positive 

numbers represent B20 prices higher 

than diesel. States not highlighted with 

a color did not have any B20 data 

points in the current report. B20 had 

favorable pricing in several states, 

including New York, Tennessee, 

Nevada, Oklahoma, and Florida. 

 Page 9 
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT APRIL 2008 

BIODIESEL BLENDS: LOW-LEVEL (B2-B5) 

Average prices for Table 10. Biodiesel (B2-B5) Average Prices by Region from Clean Cities Sources 

biodiesel in lower-level 

blends (2-5% biodiesel 

in diesel fuel) are 

illustrated in Table 10, 

grouped by region. 

Biodiesel (B2 B5) Information Diesel Information 

Reported by Clean Cities ($ per gal) Reported by Clean Cities ($ per gal) 

Average Price Number of Data Average Price Number of Data 

/ Standard Points / Standard Points 

Deviation of Price Deviation of Price 

New England $3.67 / 0.55 3 $4.25 / 0.25 30 Information on prices 

for regular diesel as 

provided by Clean Cities 

representatives is also 

shown. These prices 

Central Atlantic $4.16 / 0.13 22 $4.35 / 0.13 36 

Lower Atlantic $3.94 / 0.42 9 $4.09 / 0.13 57 

Midwest $3.88 / 0.26 18 $4.09 / 0.17 108 

were collected from Gulf Coast $3.66 / 0.32 3 $4.04 / 0.12 37 

across the country from 

Clean Cities 

Coordinators, fuel 

providers, and other 

stakeholders on a 

Rocky Mountain $4.15 / 0.14 7 $4.00 / 0.24 39 

West Coast $3.92 / 0.20 6 $4.25 / 0.20 73 

NATIONAL AVERAGE $3.99 / 0.29 68 $4.14 / 0.21 380 

voluntary basis. Almost 70 prices were obtained from areas offering low-level biodiesel blends. 

As Table 10 illustrates regionally, average prices for low-level blends of biodiesel are relatively close to average diesel 

prices (from 15 cents more to 58 cents less than diesel per gallon). Differences in price between low-level biodiesel 

blends and regular diesel could be attributed to the relatively small sample size. New England had the most 

favorable price structure for low-level biodiesel blends during this time period. 

The map to the right illustrates some 

cost differentials between low-level 

biodiesel blends and regular diesel on a 

per-gallon basis, based on differentials 

between biodiesel prices and gasoline 

prices for each state (versus the regional 

averages illustrated in Table 10). In this 

map, negative numbers represent costs 

for these blends that are lower than 

costs for diesel, and positive numbers 

represent prices for these blends that 

are higher than diesel. States not 

highlighted with a color did not have 

any low-level biodiesel blend data 

points in the current report. Pricing 

appears to be good in California and 

New Mexico, as well as across several 

Northeast states. 

 Page 10 
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT APRIL 2008 

BIODIESEL BLENDS: B100/B99 

Average prices for high- Table 11. Biodiesel (B99-B100) Average Prices by Region from Clean Cities Sources 

level blends of biodiesel 

(99% or 100% biodiesel 

with diesel fuel) are 

illustrated in Table 11, 

grouped by region. 

New England -- -- $4.25 / 0.25 30 

Biodiesel (B99 B100) Information Diesel Information 

Reported by Clean Cities ($ per gal) Reported by Clean Cities ($ per gal) 

Average Price Number of Data Average Price Number of Data 

/ Standard Points / Standard Points 

Deviation of Price Deviation of Price 

Information on prices 

representatives is also Midwest $3.80 / 0.66 4 $4.09 / 0.17 108 shown. These prices 

were collected from Gulf Coast $4.24 / 0.35 2 $4.04 / 0.12 37 

West Coast $4.18 / 0.56 27 $4.25 / 0.20 73 Coordinators, fuel 

providers, and other 

stakeholders on a 

voluntary basis. About 45 price points were collected from stations offering B99/B100 for sale across the country. 

NATIONAL AVERAGE $4.31 / 0.68 45 $4.14 / 0.21 380 

As Table 11 illustrates regionally, the cost of B99/B100 is generally higher than the cost of diesel fuel per gallon in 

the regions for which data were collected (except the Midwest and West Coast), with the highest differential being 

$1.77 in the Rocky Mountain region. On average across the nation, B99/B100 is about 17 cents per gallon higher 

than regular diesel. Based on standard deviation calculations on these price points, it appears that prices for 

B99/B100 varied more widely in this time period than regular diesel. 

The map to the right illustrates some 

cost differentials between high-level 

biodiesel blends and regular diesel on a 

per-gallon basis, based on differentials 

between biodiesel prices and gasoline 

prices for each state (versus the regional 

averages illustrated in Table 11). In this 

map, negative numbers represent costs 

for these blends that are lower than 

costs for diesel, and positive numbers 

represent prices for these blends that 

are higher than diesel. States not 

highlighted with a color did not have 

any high-level biodiesel blend data 

points in the current report. Prices for 

B100 were favorable in several areas of 

the country. 

for regular diesel as 

provided by Clean Cities 

Central Atlantic $4.52 / 0.69 7 $4.35 / 0.13 36 

Lower Atlantic $4.68 / 0.67 3 $4.09 / 0.13 57 

across the country from 

Clean Cities 

Rocky Mountain $5.77 / 0.48 2 $4.00 / 0.24 39 

 Page 11 
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT APRIL 2008 

COMPARISON OF PRICES OF THIS REPORT VERSUS LAST REPORT 

Table 12 below summarizes the average prices collected for this report by region, and compares them to prices 

collected in the Price Report from January 2008. Virtually all fuels increased in price somewhat in each region 

between January 2008 and April 2008. It should be noted that a portion of the price changes could be attributed to 

differing sample sizes and composition between the two reports. 

Table 12. Comparison of Prices, Last Price Report versus Current Price Report 

Price for April 2008 Period Price for January 2008 

Period 

Price Differential April vs. 

January 

Gasoline ($ per gallon) National Average $3.43 $2.99 $0.44 / 15% 

New England $3.43 $3.21 $0.22 / 7% 

Central Atlantic $3.42 $3.11 $0.31 / 10% 

Lower Atlantic $3.37 $2.97 $0.41 / 14% 

Midwest $3.41 $2.93 $0.48 / 16% 

Gulf Coast $3.36 $2.89 $0.47 / 16% 

Rocky Mountain $3.35 $2.88 $0.48 / 17% 

West Coast $3.60 $3.09 $0.51 / 17% 

Diesel ($ per gallon) National Average $4.14 $3.40 $0.74 / 22% 

New England $4.25 $3.60 $0.65 / 18% 

Central Atlantic $4.35 $3.53 $0.82 / 23% 

Lower Atlantic $4.09 $3.36 $0.74 / 22% 

Midwest $4.09 $3.37 $0.72 / 21% 

Gulf Coast $4.04 $3.30 $0.74 / 23% 

Rocky Mountain $4.00 $3.26 $0.74 / 23% 

West Coast $4.25 $3.47 $0.78 / 23% 

Compressed Natural Gas ($ per GGE) National Average $2.04 $1.93 $0.11 / 6% 

New England $2.42 $2.33 $0.09 / 4% 

Central Atlantic $2.49 $2.41 $0.08 / 3% 

Lower Atlantic $1.99 $1.86 $0.13 / 7% 

Midwest $1.69 $1.78 ($0.09) / (5%) 

Gulf Coast $2.44 $2.20 $0.24 / 11% 

Rocky Mountain $1.26 $1.21 $0.05 / 4% 

West Coast $2.64 $2.44 $0.20 / 8% 

Ethanol (E85) ($ per gallon) National Average $2.87 $2.51 $0.36 / 14% 

New England $4.03 $4.50 ($0.47) / (11%) 

Central Atlantic $2.84 $2.68 $0.16 / 6% 

Lower Atlantic $3.02 $2.74 $0.28 / 10% 

Midwest $2.88 $2.50 $0.38 / 15% 

Gulf Coast $3.03 $2.61 $0.42 / 16% 

Rocky Mountain $2.57 $2.27 $0.30 / 13% 

West Coast $2.96 $2.62 $0.35 / 13% 

 Page 12 
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT APRIL 2008 

Table 12. Comparison of Prices, Last Price Report versus Current Price Report 

Price for April 2008 Period Price for January 2008 

Period 

Price Differential April vs. 

January 

Propane ($ per gallon) National Average $3.15 $3.12 $0.03 / 1%

 New England -- $2.99 N/A 

Central Atlantic $3.82 $3.82 $0.00 / 0% 

Lower Atlantic $3.45 $3.04 $0.41 / 14% 

Midwest $3.05 $2.99 $0.06 / 2% 

Gulf Coast $2.91 $2.82 $0.09 / 3% 

Rocky Mountain $2.91 $2.74 $0.17 / 6% 

West Coast $2.61 $3.02 ($0.41) / (14%) 

Biodiesel (B20) ($ per gallon) National Average $3.98 $3.37 $0.61 / 18% 

New England $4.03 $3.49 $0.54 / 15% 

Central Atlantic $3.92 $3.31 $0.61 / 18% 

Lower Atlantic $3.97 $3.36 $0.61 / 18% 

Midwest $3.75 $3.31 $0.44 / 13% 

Gulf Coast $3.97 $3.37 $0.60 / 18% 

Rocky Mountain $4.15 $3.32 $0.83 / 25% 

West Coast $4.00 $3.45 $0.55 / 16% 

Biodiesel (B2-B5) ($ per gallon) National Average $3.99 $3.31 $0.68 / 20%

 New England $3.67 -- N/A 

Central Atlantic $4.16 $3.32 $0.84 / 25% 

Lower Atlantic $3.94 $3.25 $0.69 / 21% 

Midwest $3.88 $3.30 $0.58 / 18% 

Gulf Coast $3.66 $3.19 $0.47 / 15% 

Rocky Mountain $4.15 $3.42 $0.74 / 22% 

West Coast $3.92 $3.38 $0.54 / 16% 

Biodiesel (B99-B100) ($ per gallon) National Average $4.31 $3.69 $0.62 / 17%

 New England -- -- N/A 

Central Atlantic $4.52 $3.94 $0.58 / 15% 

Lower Atlantic $4.68 $3.64 $1.04 / 28% 

Midwest $3.80 $3.54 $0.26 / 7% 

Gulf Coast $4.24 $3.19 $1.05 / 33% 

Rocky Mountain $5.77 $3.85 $1.93 / 50% 

West Coast $4.18 $3.66 $0.52 / 14% 

 Page 13 
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT APRIL 2008 

HISTORICAL ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES FROM PREVIOUS REPORTS 

The graphs on this page illustrate 

the historical prices for the 

alternative fuels included in these 

reports (specifically natural gas, 

propane, ethanol, and biodiesel) 

relative to gasoline and diesel. 

These graphs include prices 

collected as part of the current Price 

Report activity, which began in 

September 2005. Natural gas (in 

GGE), propane, and ethanol have 

been graphed against gasoline 

prices, while natural gas (in DGE) 

and biodiesel have been graphed 

against diesel prices. 

$1.50

$2.00

$2.50

$3.00

$3.50

$4.00

Sep 05

Oct 05

Nov 05

Dec 05

Jan 06

Feb 06

Mar 06

Apr 06

May 06

Jun 06

Jul 06

Aug 06

Sep 06

Oct 06

Nov 06

Dec 06

Jan 07

Feb 07

Mar 07

Apr 07

May 07

Jun 07

Jul 07

Aug 07

Sep 07

Oct 07

Nov 07

Dec 07

Jan 08

Feb 08

Mar 08

Apr 08

Price per Gallon

Gasoline

Natural Gas (GGE)

Propane

Ethanol (E85)

Alternative

FuelPrices

versus

Gasoline

$1.50

$2.00

$2.50

$3.00

$3.50

$4.00

$4.50

Sep 05

Oct 05

Nov 05

Dec 05

Jan 06

Feb 06

Mar 06

Apr 06

May 06

Jun 06

Jul 06

Aug 06

Sep 06

Oct 06

Nov 06

Dec 06

Jan 07

Feb 07

Mar 07

Apr 07

May 07

Jun 07

Jul 07

Aug 07

Sep 07

Oct 07

Nov 07

Dec 07

Jan 08

Feb 08

Mar 08

Apr 08

Price per Gallon

Diesel

Natural Gas (DGE)

Biodiesel (B20)

Biodiesel (B2/B5)

Biodiesel (B99/B100)

Alternative

FuelPrices

versus

Diesel

 Page 14 
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT APRIL 2008 

ILLUSTRATION OF CONVERSION FACTORS FOR FUELS 

The standard lower heating values for fuels from the Transportation Energy Databook 26 are listed below.

 Lower Heating Value
 

Gasoline 115,400 BTU/gal 


Diesel 128,700 BTU/gal 


Compressed Natural Gas 960 BTU/cubic foot 


Ethanol 75,670 BTU/gal
 

Propane 83,500 BTU/gal
 

Biodiesel 117,093 BTU/gal 


Conversion factors to establish prices in dollars 

per gasoline equivalent gallon are illustrated 

below, and were developed using the lower 

heating values outlined above. The conversion 

factors are derived in the manner shown in the 

graphic to the right. 

In the case of CNG, prices are provided to us in 

GGE, so no conversion is necessary (the 

representative heating value of CNG is provided 

above as a reference). To convert a price from dollars per gallon to dollars per gasoline equivalent gallon, multiply 

the price per gallon by the conversion factor. 

Conversion factor 

to GGE 

CNG 1.00 

Ethanol (E85) 

Propane 

Biodiesel (B20) 

Biodiesel (B2) 

Biodiesel (B100) 

1.41 

1.38 

0.91 

0.90 

0.99 

Conversion factors to establish prices in dollars per diesel equivalent gallon are illustrated below, and were 

developed using the lower heating values outlined above. To convert a price from dollars per gallon to dollars per 

diesel equivalent gallon, multiply the price per gallon by the conversion factor. 

Conversion factor 

to DGE 

Ethanol (E85) 1.58 

Propane 1.54 

CNG (in GGE) 1.12 

Biodiesel (B20) 1.02 

Biodiesel (B2) 1.00 

Biodiesel (B100) 1.10 

 Page 15 
CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT APRIL 2008 

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 

The authors would like to acknowledge all of the contributors from the Clean Cities community who 

have provided prices for this report: we sincerely appreciate your continued dedication to the success of 

this report. The authors would also like to acknowledge the continued support of DOE for developing 

this report. 

WOULD YOU LIKE TO PARTICIPATE? 

If you would like to provide prices for alternative fuels in your region and be part of the data collection 

effort for this report, please contact: 

Michael D. Laughlin 

New West Technologies, LLC 

4351 Garden City Drive, Suite 600 

Landover, MD 20785 

(301) 429-1180 x26 (phone) 

(301) 429-1185 (FAX) 

mlaughlin@nwttech.com 

DISCLAIMER 

This document highlights work sponsored by agencies of the U.S. Government. Neither the U.S. Government nor any agency thereof, nor any 

of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or 

usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. 

Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not 

necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the U.S. Government or any agency thereof. The views and 

opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the U.S. Government or any agency thereof. 

 Page 16