# Patent

## Title
Tactile interface for a computing device

## Abstract

A tactile interface for a computing device includes a tactile layer defining a primary guide and a secondary guide. The primary guide is tactilely distinguishable from an adjacent peripheral region and arranged adjacent a first input region of a touch-sensitive surface. The secondary guide is tactilely distinguishable from the adjacent peripheral region, arranged adjacent a second input region of the touch-sensitive surface, and defines a peripheral boundary of a range of motion of a finger moving between the primary guide and the secondary guide. The first input region is independent from the primary guide, the second input region independent from the secondary guide.

## Background
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application claims the priority benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/031,783, filed on 31 Jul. 2014, which is incorporated in its entirety by this reference.
This application is related to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/319,334, filed on 5 Jan. 2009; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/497,622, filed on 21 Oct. 2009; and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/652,708, filed on 5 Jan. 2010, all of which are incorporated in their entireties by this reference.


TECHNICAL FIELD
This invention relates generally to the field of touch-sensitive interfaces, and more specifically to a touch-sensitive layer for a computing device.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of one implementation of the tactile interface;
FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of one implementation of the tactile interface;
FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of one implementation of the tactile interface;
FIG. 4 is a flowchart representation of one implementation of the tactile interface;
FIGS. 5A, 5B, 5C, and 5D are schematic representation of one variation of the tactile interface; and
FIG. 6 is a schematic representation of one implementation of the tactile interface.
FIG. 7 is a schematic representation of one implementation of the tactile interface;
FIG. 8 is a schematic representation of one implementation of the tactile interface; and
FIG. 9 is a schematic representation of one implementation of the tactile interface.



DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The following description of the preferred embodiment of the invention is not intended to limit the invention to these preferred embodiments, but rather to enable any person skilled in the art to make and use this invention.
1. Tactile Interface
As shown in FIG. 1, a tactile interface for a computing device includes: a tactile layer defining a primary guide and a secondary guide, the primary guide tactilely distinguishable from an adjacent peripheral region and arranged adjacent a first input region of a touch-sensitive surface, the secondary guide tactilely distinguishable from the adjacent peripheral region, arranged adjacent a second input region of the touch-sensitive surface, and defining a peripheral boundary of a range of motion of a finger moving between the primary guide and the secondary guide, the first input region independent from the primary guide, the second input region independent from the secondary guide. The touch sensitive surface may or may not include a sensor, such as a capacitive sensor, and may include a pressure-sensing mechanism within a button or other structure associated with a primary or secondary guide.
Generally, the tactile interface functions to define tactile locations on the tactile interface that provide reference locations indicating a relative position of the finger on the tactile interface. The tactile interface defines the primary guide and the secondary guide, the guides aiding contact with specified locations of the tactile layer. The primary guide can indicate a home position on which a finger rests when idle, from which the finger transitions to contact the secondary guide, and to which the finger translates following contact with the second locations. The secondary guide can indicate another location peripheral the home position within a range of motion of the finger that translates from the primary guide, and the secondary guide can guide the finger to the other position. Thus, the primary guide and secondary guide improve ergonomics of user interactions with a computing device incorporating the tactile interface.
2. Applications
In one application, the tactile interface is integrated in a computing device and arranged over a display of the computing device. The tactile interface can be substantially transparent or translucent. The tactile interface can define a primary guide with corresponding secondary guides arranged around the primary guide. The primary guide can correspond to a location on the tactile layer defining a home position for a finger or other input device. The home position can indicate tactilely to a user interacting with the tactile interface the location of the user's finger on the tactile interface. With knowledge of the location of the finger from tactile contact with the primary guide, the user can, thus, discern relative positions of secondary locations on the tactile interface that surround the primary guide. The secondary guides, which correspond to the secondary locations, can indicate and guide the user's finger from the primary guide to the any of the secondary locations.
In another application, the primary guide can be arranged substantially over or adjacent an image of an input key within a keyboard rendered on the display (e.g., an “F” or a “J” key image). The primary guide, such as defining a hemispheric protrusion from a tactile surface of the tactile interface, can be arranged over the input image of the key. Thus, the primary guide can act as a tactile indicator of the home position for fingers of a user, who types with ten fingers on the tactile layer. A plurality of primary guides can be arranged over images of keys in a “home row” of the keyboard (i.e., “A”, “S”, “D”, “F”, “J, “K”, and “L” keys). A secondary guide can be arranged over an image of a key rendered in a row above and/or a row below the home row. The secondary guide can define an arc, with a focus corresponding substantially to the primary guide. For example, the secondary guide can be arranged over a “Y” key that is selected by an index finger with the home position corresponding to the “J” key, and the secondary guide can include an arced boundary with the focus of the arc corresponding to the “J” key. Thus, when the user transitions his index finger from the “J” key to the “Y” key, the secondary guide can tactilely distinguish the “Y” key on the tactile surface and define a boundary for movement of the index finger from the “J” key to the “Y” key. Likewise, the secondary guide arranged over the “U” key can define an arced ridge with a focus of the arc corresponding to the primary guide of the “J” key. Thus, when the user transitions his index finger from the “J” key to the “U” key, the secondary guide can tactilely distinguish the “U” key on the tactile surface and guide the index finger on to the “U” key.
The tactile interface can, therefore, function to reinforce proper typing techniques. Likewise, the images of keys displaying other home row symbols (i.e., “A”, “S”, “D”, “F”, “K”, “L” and “:”) can correspond to a hemispherical protrusion that function as primary guides to indicate the location of each key. Additionally or alternatively, the primary guide for the images of the “J” and the “F” key can include an additional hemisphere guide to indicate a “home position” for fingers resting on the tactile surface over a virtual keyboard. For example, the “F” key can correspond to a primary guide defining two hemispherical deformations. The “R” key can correspond to a secondary guide defining a single oblong deformation. The images of non-home row keys can correspond to secondary guides defining arced protrusions from the tactile interface with foci corresponding to the primary guides that, according to proper typing techniques, can be used to select adjacent images of keys, the secondary guides, and, thus, providing tactile confirmation of the location of the portion of the tactile layer corresponding to the adjacent images of the keys and guiding the user's finger to locations on the tactile surface corresponding to the keys.
3. Tactile Layer
The tactile layer can be integrated in a computing device, an aftermarket device, or a peripheral device. The tactile layer can be arranged over a display rendering a virtual or static keyboard in order to provide tactile guidance for input regions of the display. Thus, the primary guide and secondary guide can substantially correspond to input regions on the display. Alternatively, the primary guide and the secondary guide can be independent of the input regions and, thus, the virtual or static keyboard rendered by the display. The tactile layer can be substantially transparent, translucent, opaque, or any combination thereof. For example, a first portion of the tactile layer substantially opaque and a second portion of the tactile layer can be substantially transparent. The tactile layer can be made of acrylic, polyurethane, polycarbonate, alkali-aluminosilicate sheet toughened glass, electroactive polymer, borosilicate glass, or any other material suitable. Additionally, the tactile layer can include or can be coupled to a capacitive, resistive, optical, or other touch sensor and can, thus, function as a touchscreen for the computing device. Alternatively, the tactile layer can be arranged over an integrated touchscreen in the computing device as an aftermarket tactile layer for the computing device. The tactile layer can define primary guides and secondary guides, which define tactilely-distinguishable features indicating an input region on the tactile layer.
The tactile layer defines the primary guide, the secondary guide, and the peripheral region. The primary guide and the secondary guide are tactilely distinguishable from the peripheral region. The tactile layer can define an intransient primary guide and an intransient secondary guide, both tactilely distinguishable from the peripheral region. The intransient primary guide and intransient secondary guide can be substantially rigid and substantially resist deformation under an applied external force (e.g., a finger pressing on the intransient primary guide and intransient second guide). For example, the tactile layer can include an array of solid hemispherical and convex nodules that define the intransient primary guide and the intransient secondary guide. When the user presses on the nodules with the finger into the tactile layer, the solid nodule can substantially maintain a hemispherical and convex form.
Alternatively, the tactile layer can define a transient primary guide and a transient secondary guide that can transiently deform from a first configuration to a deformed configuration. In one example, the tactile layer defines a pyramid-shaped deformation that protrudes from the tactile layer, the deformation defining the primary guide. The pyramid-shaped deformation can include an elastic membrane cooperating with the tactile layer to enclose a cavity. The cavity can be filled with fluid (e.g., air, water, silicon oil, etc.) and enclose a spring that supports the elastic membrane, etc. In this example, when the user depresses the deformation, the elastic membrane can stretch and the deformation can deform. Thus, the deformation can define the transient primary guide. Likewise, the tactile layer can define transient primary guides and transient secondary guides that include an elastic or flexible membrane supported by fluid or other compressible entity (e.g., a spring) in an expanded setting substantially raised above the peripheral region. The elastic or flexible membrane can deform and flex in response to an applied pressure.
Similarly, the tactile layer can include a substrate, a deformable region, and the peripheral region adjacent the deformable region and coupled to the substrate opposite the tactile layer, the substrate defining a fluid channel and cooperating with the deformable region to define a variable volume filled with fluid, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4. A displacement device (e.g., a pump) fluidly coupled to the fluid channel can displace fluid between the variable volume and a reservoir fluidly coupled to the displacement device, thereby transitioning the deformable region between an expanded setting substantially elevated above the peripheral region and a retracted setting substantially flush with the peripheral region. Generally, the tactile layer can define one or more deformable regions operable between the expanded and retracted settings to intermittently define tactilely distinguishable formations over a surface, such as over a touch-sensitive digital display (e.g., a touchscreen), such as described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/414,589. Thus, the displacement device can transition the deformable region into the expanded setting to, thus, form a primary guide. The displacement device can similarly transition a second deformable region into the expanded setting to, thus, form a secondary guide. Likewise, the displacement device can transition the deformable region into the retracted setting substantially flush with the peripheral region, thereby eliminating the guides and yielding a substantially flush tactile surface. Additionally or alternatively, the displacement device can transition the deformable region into any other retracted setting, wherein the deformable region can be offset below (e.g., into the variable volume). For example, the deformable region in the retracted setting can define a primary guide (and/or the secondary guide).
3.1. Primary Guide
The primary guide can define a tactilely distinguishable feature, such as a bump, a divot, a textured region, etc., that tactilely indicates to the user a particular location on the tactile surface. The primary guide can be of any shape and size suitable to tactilely distinguish a location of the tactile interface, such as a crescent vertically offset from the peripheral region, a raised arc, a linear ridge, a pyramid, etc. The primary guide can also include a plurality of tactilely distinguishable features, such as dots, divots, and/or other textured patterns. The location of the primary guide can correspond to a rendered virtual image such that the primary guide tactilely distinguishes the location of the rendered virtual image. Thus, the primary guide can be arranged substantially over or adjacent the rendered virtual image. The primary guide can be static or dynamic, as described above. The primary guide can further define a set of secondary guides within a distance of the primary guide, each of the set of secondary guides spatially related to the primary guide.
In one implementation, the primary guide can be defined by the deformable region adjacent the peripheral region in the dynamic tactile layer. The displacement device can transition the deformable region between the expanded setting and the retracted setting such that the deformable region is offset above the peripheral region in the expanded setting and is substantially flush with the peripheral region in the retracted setting. Alternatively, the displacement device can transition the deformable region between a depressed setting substantially below the peripheral region and an expanded setting in which the deformable region is substantially flush with the peripheral region.
In one example, as shown in FIG. 6, the primary guide can define a flat-top button as described in U.S. Pat. No. 8,199,124, which is incorporated herein in its entirety by this reference. The flat-top button mimics the mechanically actuated keys of a computer keyboard as a plateau. When the user presses on the primary guide with the finger, the flat-top button can transition from the expanded setting to the retracted setting. The primary guide can define a flat-top button with a top surface substantially parallel the tactile layer. Alternatively, the primary guide can define a flat-top button with a top surface oriented at an angle relative the tactile layer. For example, a primary guide can be arranged over a display rendering a virtual image of a “:/;” key of a virtual keyboard. A user interacting with the virtual keyboard uses a pinky finger to select the “:/;” key. In order to select adjacent keys with the pinky finger, the pinky generally transitions right to the adjacent keys (e.g. a “return” key or a “?” key). Thus, the top surface of the flat-top button can be oriented at an angle relative the tactile layer, wherein the top surface pitches to the right, thereby directing the pinky finger toward the adjacent keys.
The flat-top button can also include an additional, tactilely-distinguishable feature vertically offset above and/or below a surface of the flat-top button. For example, the primary guide can define an oblong bar vertically offset above the top surface of the flat-top button.
In another implementation, the primary guide defined by a deformable region can transition to the expanded setting in response to an event (e.g., detected contact with the tactile layer) at the computing device. For example, a touch sensor coupled to the tactile interface can detect a contact by the finger with the tactile layer. In response to the contact, the displacement device (e.g., a pump) can displace fluid from the reservoir into the variable volume, thereby expanding the deformable region and yielding the primary guide.
Likewise, the primary guide defined by a deformable region can transition to the retracted setting in response to an event (e.g., a detected transition from the primary guide or contact with the secondary guide). For example, in response to detected contact with the secondary guide, the displacement device can displace fluid from the variable volume, thereby retracting the deformable region and yielding a flush surface of the tactile layer.
The primary guide can additionally or alternatively include a rigid, static, and tactilely distinguishable feature substantially resistant to deformation by an applied force (e.g., pressure applied by the finger). In one example, the primary guide can include a polycarbonate torus vertically offset above the peripheral region.
The primary guide can also include any one or any combination of the preceding implementations or examples. Furthermore, the primary guide can be of any other form. Thus, the primary guide can be transiently or permanently formed over the tactile surface in any other suitable way.
3.2 Secondary Guide
The secondary guide can define a tactilely distinguishable feature that indicates a peripheral location adjacent the primary guide on the tactile layer and guides the user's finger to the peripheral location as shown in FIG. 2. The secondary guide can be arranged adjacent to a location of a secondary rendered virtual image related to the first rendered virtual image and within a distance from the first rendered virtual image. For example, the location of the secondary rendered virtual image can be defined within an average human finger length or range of motion of the location of the primary rendered virtual image, such that a human finger can transition from the primary guide to the secondary guide without substantially moving a hand attached to the human finger. The secondary guide can be arranged over and/or adjacent the location of the secondary rendered virtual image. The secondary guide can define a tactilely distinguishable feature vertically offset above and/or below the peripheral region, such as a crescent, an arc, an oblong ridge, a divot, etc. Alternatively, the secondary guide can be arranged over a location substantially independent and decoupled from the location of the secondary rendered virtual image.
Generally, the secondary guide can function to guide the finger from a first location corresponding to a location on a virtual keyboard to a second location corresponding to a second location on the virtual keyboard by providing a tactile indicator of the second location and endpoint for transition between the first location and the second location. When a user types on a laptop keyboard or other mechanically-actuated keyboard with physical keys, the user rests each of ten fingers between keys within the home row and the spacebar. Thus, when the user selects a key within the home row positions (e.g., “A”, “S”, “D”, “F”, “J”, “K”, “L”, and “:”), the user depresses the key substantially over or adjacent the center of the key with a corresponding finger. However, when the user selects a second key outside the home row positions (e.g., “G”, “H”, “Y”, etc.), the user reaches the finger from the key within the home row to the second key. Thus, the finger can stretch or move from the home row to contact the second key outside the home row. The secondary guide can, thus, provide tactile guidance to the user as the user contacts the second key outside of the home row upon the end of a transition from the corresponding key in the home row.
In one implementation, as shown in FIG. 6, the secondary guide can define a flat-top button with the top surface of the flat-top button arranged at an angle relative the tactile layer. For example, the angle can be such that the top surface of the flat-top button pitches toward the primary guide. Thus, the angle can substantially prevent the finger from moving beyond the secondary guide when transitioning between the primary guide and the secondary guide.
In some implementations, one or more secondary guides can be placed on the tactile surface for different fingers or thumbs of a user, to provide the user with a more convenient tactile layer configuration for entering data through the tactile interface. For example, a set of secondary guides can be positioned on a right side of the tactile interface as well as the left side of the tactile interface, allowing a user to engage a device through the tactile interface with either fingers or a thumb of a right hand or the fingers or thumb of the left hand. This can be advantageous for providing a tactile interface that is equally convenient for users that type on a mobile device through tactile layer using a left hand as well as users that type information into a mobile device through the tactile layer with their right hand. When positioned for the left hand, the secondary guides can be positioned about the primary guide so that the range of a user's thumb can extend to the secondary guides. For example, a thumb will usually move across a tactile interface by rotating the thumb from the hand, where the pivot point of the thumb is located at the lower left corner of the device. When a thumb for a left hand is engaging the keyboard from this position, it can swipe up to the left and down to the right from a resting position at the primary guide on the tactile layer. In some implementations, the secondary guides can be positioned such that the left thumb can swipe up to the left and reach a secondary guide at that position, which can correlate to a top of the keyboard or upper left key of the keyboard, a particular key in the keyboard, or some other location within a keyboard. Additionally, the secondary guides can be positioned such that the left thumb can swipe down to the right and reach a secondary guide at that position, which can correlate to a bottom of the keyboard, a particular key in the keyboard, or some other location within a keyboard.
In an implementation involving a device that can be held in one hand, such as for example a smart phone, when a finger is being used from the left hand to enter data, the device itself will probably be held with the right hand. In this implementation, the finger can swipe up to the left and down to the right from a resting position at the primary guide. In some implementations, the secondary guides can be positioned such that a finger from the left hand can swipe up to the left and reach a secondary guide at that position, which can correlate to a top of the keyboard or an outer left edge of the keyboard, a particular key in the keyboard, or some other location within a keyboard. Additionally, the secondary guides can be positioned such that a finger from the left hand can swipe down to the right and reach a secondary guide at that position, which can correlate to a bottom of the keyboard, a particular key in the keyboard, or some other location within a keyboard. The positioning of the secondary guides can be slightly rotated as a whole counterclockwise to accommodate a situation where the finger on the left hand is aligned a bit more parallel with the device rather than at a forty-five degree angle with the device as a thumb would likely be when entering data through the tactile interface onto a keyboard of the device.
When a thumb for a right hand is engaging the keyboard from the bottom of the device, pivoting from a point near the bottom right corner of the device, the thumb can swipe up to the right and down to the left from a resting position at a primary guide located inward from the lower right corner of the device. In some implementations, the secondary guides can be positioned such that the left thumb can swipe up to the right and reach a secondary guide at that position, which can correlate to a top or outer edge of the keyboard, a particular key in the keyboard, or some other location within a keyboard. Additionally, the secondary guides can be positioned such that the left thumb can swipe down to the left and reach a secondary guide at that position, which can correlate to a bottom of the keyboard, a particular key in the keyboard, or some other location within a keyboard.
In an implementation involving a device that can be held in one hand, such as for example a smart phone, when a finger is being used from the right hand to enter data, the device itself will usually be held with the left hand. In this implementation, the finger can swipe up to the right and down to the left from a resting position at the primary guide. In some implementations, the secondary guides can be positioned such that a finger from the right hand, such as an index finger, can swipe up to the right and reach a secondary guide at that position, which can correlate to a top key or outer right key of the keyboard, a particular key in the keyboard, or some other location within a keyboard. Additionally, the secondary guides can be positioned such that a finger from the right hand can swipe down to the left and reach a secondary guide at that position, which can correlate to a bottom of the keyboard, a particular key in the keyboard, or some other location within a keyboard. The positioning of the secondary guides, in some instances, can be slightly rotated as a whole clockwise to accommodate a situation where the finger is aligned a bit more parallel with the device rather than at a forty-five degree angle with the device as a thumb would likely be positioned when entering data through the tactile interface onto a keyboard of the device.
In another implementation, the secondary guide can transition to an expanded setting in response to an event at the primary guide (e.g., depression of the primary guide). For example, the touch sensor of the tactile interface can detect a contact by the finger with the primary guide. In response to the contact, the displacement device (e.g., a pump) can displace fluid from the reservoir into the variable volume, thereby expanding the deformable region and yielding the secondary guide. Likewise, the secondary guide defined by a deformable region can transition to the retracted setting in response to an event (e.g., detected transition from the secondary guide to the primary guide or contact with the primary guide).
In some implementations, multiple corresponding sets of primary guides and secondary guides can be implemented on the tactile interface. Primary guides can be positioned at several locations on a tactile interface. The different positions can be associated with different keyboards, such as, for example, keyboards in a first rotational configuration for the device, a keyboard that appears for a second rotational configuration for the device, positions suited for different users such as those that are right-handed and those that are left-handed, for a configuration best suited for manipulating the device with one hand using a thumb, for a configuration best suited for manipulating the device with one hand using a finger, for a configuration best suitable for manipulating the device with both hands, and other configurations. For each configuration, when the user presses down on the tactile interface at the point of one of the primary guides, a number of secondary guides associated with that primary guide would expand. Likewise, the secondary guide defined by a deformable region can transition to the retracted setting in response to an event. The user can utilize the secondary guides associated with the engaged primary guides, and would not detect any other secondary guides that are associated with other primary guides, as they would not be expanded but rather are flush with the surface with the tactile layer until a user engages a primary guide associated with the particular secondary guide.
The secondary guide can additionally or alternatively include a rigid, static, and tactilely distinguishable feature substantially resistant to deformable by an applied force (e.g., pressure applied by the finger).
The secondary guide can include any one or combination of the preceding implementations and examples. Furthermore, the secondary guide can be of any other form. Thus, the secondary guide can be transiently or permanently formed over the tactile surface in any other suitable way.
In some embodiments, a primary guide and one or more secondary guides can have similar shapes but different sizes. FIG. 7 illustrates a tactile interface with primary guides having a first shape and a first size and secondary guides having the same shape type but in a different size. In particular, the primary guides 704 in FIG. 7 are circular. The primary guides 704 can appear on one or more keys in a keyboard, such as, for example, over a letter or symbol. The secondary guides 702 having the smaller sized circles are displaced in different positions on the keyboard than the positions associated with the primary guides 704 having the larger sized circle. The secondary guides 702 are smaller circles than circles which form the primary guide, with the smaller circles placed on outer rows of keys 706 while the larger circles are placed on the home row of keys 706. Providing guides of similar sizes but different shapes can enable a user to quickly find a home position on a keyboard by placing fingers over the larger primary guides. As a user types and enters data, the user can reach out to the secondary guides having smaller sized shapes that are similar to the primary guides (for example, the same circular, square, rectangular, slash, arc, or other shape implementing the primary guide). In FIG. 7, each key in the keyboard includes either a secondary guide or a primary guide, but other implementations of a tactile interface are possible when utilizing same shape but different size primary guides and secondary guides. For example, in a QWERTY keyboard, the large common shaped primary guides can be placed at home keys associated with the letters F and J. The smaller common shaped secondary guide can be placed at border keys such as a Q, Z, P, and forward slash “/”.
Though only two different sizes of a guide are shown in FIG. 7, more than two sizes can be utilized on a tactile interface. For example, each row away from the home row can have a different size for the particular shape, making it easier for a user to tactically feel which row the user's fingers are on. For example, a primary guide of a first size, a largest size, can be placed on each key, selected keys, or only the home keys of the home row. In the row above the home row, secondary guides having a second size, smaller than the largest size, but having the same shape type can be placed on each key, one or more selected keys of that row, or on the outer keys on the outer edges of the row. In the row above that row, which can include numerals and characters, a secondary guide of a third size, being smaller than both the large size primary guides and the first row of secondary guides, but having the same shape type as the other two rows, can be placed on one or more of the keys, such as, for example, the outer most keys of that row, every key of the row, or selected keys of that row.
In an embodiment, guides can be placed in positions on the tactile interface other than the center of a particular key. For example, a primary guide, secondary guide, or both can be implemented outside of the keyboard, within the keyboard between two or more keys, or in some other location. FIG. 8 illustrates and example of a primary guide placed between a keys of a rendered virtual keyboard. The tactile interface includes primary guides 802 located on keys of a rendered virtual keyboard and a primary guide 804 located between two keys of a rendered virtual keyboard. Though only one primary guide placed between keys is illustrated, any number of primary guides could be placed between two or more adjacent keys 806. When placed between keys, the primary guide can be shaped as a relatively thin extruding rectangle or strip that extends between the position where two keys are located, not associated with or positioned upon a single particular key but rather positioned between the borders of two adjacent keys on a keyboard. By having a position between two adjacent keys, a user can detect the primary guide when touching either adjacent key. The advantage of using a primary guide between two adjacent keys is that a user can confirm navigation on either of the two adjacent keys while only requiring the fluid to provide a singular primary guide.
A primary guide between adjacent keys can be placed in several locations on a keyboard. For example, the primary guide can be positioned to extend vertically between two home keys, such as the G and H keys, to allow a user that types with both hands to easily determine whether the fingers are on the keyboard. The primary guide can also be positioned to extend horizontally above a home row of keys, below a home row of keys, or both. By placing the primary guide horizontally along more than one key, a user will quickly be able to determine that his fingers are on the home row as well as return his or her fingers to the home row after depressing other keys. Similarly, a vertical primary guide can be used to find a boundary between letters and numbers, for example, when it is placed below a numerical row of keys to rows above a home row of keys in a typical keyboard. Some typists are not able to accurately select numerical keys when they extend their fingers from the home row to the numerical row, being unable to determine whether or not they reach the numerical keys as well as reaching the appropriate numerical key, mostly because these keys are not used as often as the letter keys. By providing a horizontally extending primary guide between the numerical row and the uppermost letter row of keys, user would easily be able to determine when their fingers extended beyond the uppermost row of letters and were placed on the numerical row of keys based on the position of the horizontal primary guide.
In some implementations, a key that does not have any guide may assist a user tacitly navigate a keyboard. In the tactile interface of FIG. 8, keys 808 are positioned between a primary guide between two keys and primary guides located on keys. Thus, keys 808 stand out from keys adjacent to them because they do not have any guide on them. When a user is feeling the surface of the device and feels the portion of the tactile interface without guides, the user will know that they are on the particular keys associated with no guide.
Using a primary guide that extends between keys of a keyboard can also help to implement a tactile interface for use on smaller keyboards, such as those used in mobile phones and other smaller handheld devices. FIG. 9 illustrates a tactile interface suitable for use with a mobile device keyboard and utilizing primary guides that extend between keys in multiple locations. A horizontal primary guide is placed between the centermost keys in each row of the mobile device keyboard. These vertically extending primary guides that extend between two adjacent keys allow a user to quickly determine the center of the keyboard. In this embodiment, the tactile interface includes a deformable region shaped as a thin rectangle positioned between two adjacent keys on the keyboard of the mobile device.
The tactile interface of FIG. 9 also includes horizontally extending primary guides positioned between two adjacent keys. The tactile interface of FIG. 9 includes primary guides 902 on rendered virtual keys, primary guides 904 placed between rendered virtual keys, horizontally extending guides 906, and graphical user interface elements 908. The horizontally extending guides 906 are positioned at traditional home keys F and J, allowing a user to identify the locations of these home keys in order to navigate from the home keys to other keys on the keyboard. Because the keys on a mobile device keyboard are often very small, less than half the size of the keys on a typical keyboard for a desktop computer, providing a primary guide that does not take up much surface area yet still indicates a position of a home key can be desirable.
In addition to the vertical and horizontal primary guides positioned between adjacent keys, the mobile device keyboard can include one or more secondary guides. Each secondary guide can be positioned on a particular key of the keyboard, and can align on the same row as a primary guide, or same column as a primary guide. In some implementations, the secondary keys can be positioned only at the outermost keys on each row, to assist the user in determining the location of these outermost keys when typing information into the keyboard through the tactile interface. The shape of the secondary guides can be any shape suitable for use on a small keyboard, such as, for example, a small circle or square, a half circle, or some other shape.
The one or more secondary guides can expand or retract in several configurations. It can be more convenient to have the secondary keys from the tactile interface surface only when needed. In this implementation, a secondary guides can only appear under certain conditions. For example, when a row of numerical keys is needed, a horizontal primary guide located on the numerical row, for example, near the middle of the numerical row of and between two keys on the numerical row, can be depressed to cause the row of secondary guides positioned with the numerical row to and appear on the tactile surface. Similarly, the secondary guides can be deflated to retract back into the tactile layer based on other user input or another event. In addition to placing secondary guides on keys of the numerical row, pressing the primary key located in the middle of the numerical row and between two adjacent keys in the numerical row can cause a second secondary guide to appear that extends horizontally between the numerical row and the row underneath the numerical row. The extended horizontal secondary guide can help a user navigate between letter keys and numerical keys on a small keyboard provided by a mobile device. When the secondary guide that extends horizontally between the numerical keys and the letter keys is no longer needed, the secondary guides can be deflated to retract back into the tactile layer based on other user input or some other event.
3.3 Transition Guide
One variation of the tactile interface can further include a transition guide. The transition guide includes a tactilely distinguishable feature or set of features that tactilely direct(s) the user's finger from the primary guide toward the secondary guide. The transition guide can include tracks, ridges, bumps, a textured surface, depressions, etc. that tactilely distinguish a path between the primary guide and the secondary guide from non-path portions of the tactile layer (e.g., the peripheral region). Additionally or alternatively, the transition guide can function to prevent the finger from deviating from the path. The transition guide can be static or dynamic (e.g. deformable regions) and, thus, define rigid and/or transient features that tactilely distinguish the path between the primary guide and the secondary guide.
In one implementation of the variation, the transition guide can include a single track vertically offset above the tactile layer, the transition guide defining a path between a primary guide and a secondary guide. The track can be a substantially linear, curvilinear, and/or non-linear. For example, the single track can define a linear path between the primary and secondary guide, the linear path corresponding to a shortest distance between the primary guide and the secondary guide or a natural path of a finger from the primary guide to the secondary guide, as shown in FIG. 5D. In this example, the finger of the user can substantially follow the track from the primary guide to the secondary guide by running the finger over or parallel to the track. Alternatively, the single track can define a sinuous or zigzag path, as shown in FIG. 5C, between the primary guide and the second guide. The finger can transition between the primary guide and the secondary guide by traversing over bends of the sinuous path substantially orthogonal to the path. Alternatively, the finger can follow the sinuous path by running the finger over or parallel to the track.
In a similar implementation, the transition guide can include a depressed single track vertically offset into the tactile layer. The depressed single track can be linear, curvilinear, and/or non-linear. Additionally or alternatively, the single track can be discontinuous (e.g., defining a dashed or dotted path).
In another implementation shown in FIG. 5B, the transition guide can include multiple tracks vertically offset above and/or below the tactile layer. For example, two tracks vertically offset above the tactile layer can define boundaries of a path between the primary guide and the secondary guide, the boundaries constraining the finger transitioning between the primary guide and the secondary guide to the path. The path can be linear, curvilinear, and/or non-linear. Additionally or alternatively, the tracks can be discontinuous (e.g., defining dashed or dotted paths).
In another implementation, the transition guide can include a textured path between the primary and secondary guide. The textured path can include tactilely distinguishable features that differentiate the path from the peripheral region. The textured path can include features vertically offset above and/or below including, for example, a plurality of dimples, a cross-hatched pattern, dots, ridges, etc., or any combination thereof as shown in FIG. 5A. For example, the textured path can include a plurality of ridges arranged between the primary and secondary guides and substantially perpendicular to a path traversed by a finger transitioning between the primary and secondary guides.
In one implementation of the variation, the transition guide can function to reinforce proper typing technique by defining a path corresponding to a recommended path between the primary guide and the secondary guide. For example, the tactile interface can be arranged over a display rendering a virtual keyboard. The primary guide can be arranged substantially over a center of a virtual key representing an “L” key. The secondary guide can be arranged over an upper right corner of a virtual key representing a “P” key. The transition guide can define an arced path between the primary guide, a concavity of the arc proximal a virtual key representing the “:/;” key.
In one example of the variation, the transition guide can define the path between the primary guide and the secondary guide based on historical paths traversed by the finger between the primary guide and the secondary guide. Accordingly, the transition guide can account for human behavior patterns, such as what path the user typically traverses when moving the finger between the primary guide and the secondary guide. The user, for example, may typically type the letter “Z” with a left-hand ring finger as opposed to a suggested left-hand pinky finger. Thus, the transition guide can guide the left-hand ring finger from the primary guide corresponding to an image of an “S” key to the secondary guide corresponding to an image of the “Z” key.
In another example, the transition guide in conjunction with the primary guide and six secondary guides can form a substantially asterisk-shaped and tactilely distinguishable configuration on the tactile interface. In particular, the primary guide can define a torus vertically offset above the tactile layer. The transition guide can define six tracks vertically offset above the tactile layer and extending horizontally from the primary guide radially away from the primary guide toward secondary guides. The secondary guides can define circular depressions into the tactile layer. In this example, the primary guide, the secondary guides, and the transition guide can function as a pointing stick (e.g. an isometric joystick) or a trackpad for controlling a virtual rendering of a cursor on a computer display. The primary guide, the secondary guides, and the transition guides can define tactile reference features. This example can also function as a substitute for arrow keys on a tactile interface.
In some implementations, the tactile interface may provide haptic feedback to a user. For example, if a user applies force to a selected portion of the tactile interface, which may or may not include a primary or secondary guide, the tactile interface may provide feedback in the form of a buzz or vibration, an audio alert, a visual alert such as a quick LED signal, or some other type of feedback. A haptic sensor may indicate that a user's finger or thumb is in a particular place, with or without using a primary or secondary guide.
The transition guide can include any one or combination of the preceding implementations and examples. Furthermore, the transition guide can be of any other form. Thus, the transition guide can be transiently or intransiently formed over the tactile surface in any other suitable way.
As a person skilled in the art will recognize from the previous detailed description and from the figures and claims, modifications and changes can be made to the preferred embodiments of the invention without departing from the scope of this invention as defined in the following claims.

## Claims

1. A dynamic tactile interface for a computing device, comprising:
a substrate defining a fluid channel and a fluid conduit fluidly coupled to the fluid channel;
a tactile layer defining a primary guide and a secondary guide, the primary guide tactilely distinguishable from an adjacent peripheral region and arranged adjacent a first input region of a touch-sensitive surface, the secondary guide tactilely distinguishable from the adjacent peripheral region, arranged adjacent a second input region of the touch-sensitive surface, and defining a peripheral boundary of a range of motion of a finger or thumb moving between the primary guide and the secondary guide; and
a displacement device causing the tactile layer to transition from the retracted setting to the expanded setting and from the expanded setting to the retracted setting.

2. The dynamic tactile interface of claim 1, wherein the primary guide is positioned on the tactile layer in a position associated with rendered virtual image provided through a display of the computing device.

3. The dynamic tactile interface of claim 1, wherein the primary guide defines a flat-top button positioned above rendered virtual image.

4. The dynamic tactile interface of claim 1, wherein the rendered virtual image includes home keys of a keyboard.

5. The dynamic tactile interface of claim 1, wherein the secondary guides are positioned along a swipe path for a thumb or finger moving from the primary guide to the secondary guide.

6. The dynamic tactile interface of claim 1, wherein the primary guide transitions to the expanded setting in response to an event at the computing device, the displacement device displacing liquid from a reservoir into a variable volume displaced below the deformable region to expand the region.

7. The dynamic tactile interface of claim 1, wherein the primary guide transitions from the expanded setting to the retracted setting in response to an event at the computing device, the displacement device displacing liquid from a reservoir into a variable volume displaced below the deformable region to expand the region.

8. The dynamic tactile interface of claim 1, wherein the secondary guide is arranged adjacent to a secondary rendered virtual image.

9. The dynamic tactile interface of claim 1, further comprising a second primary guide and a second secondary guide, the first primary guide and the first primary guide positioned within a distance of each other suitable for a first finger or thumb of a user to engage both the first primary guide and the first primary guide, the second primary guide and the second secondary guide positioned within a distance of each other suitable for a second finger or thumb of a user to engage both second primary guide and the second secondary guide.

10. The dynamic tactile interface of claim 9, wherein the first primary guide and the first secondary guide expand in response to a first event at the computing device and the second primary guide and the second secondary guide expand in response to a second event at the computing device.

11. The dynamic tactile interface of claim 9, wherein the first finger or thumb is on a right hand of the user and the second finger or thumb is on the left hand of the user.

12. The dynamic tactile interface of claim 1, further including a touch sensor, the touch sensor expanding or retracting the secondary guide in response to detecting contact at the primary guide.

13. The dynamic tactile interface of claim 1, further comprising one or more additional sets of a primary guide and corresponding secondary guide, each set of primary guide and secondary guide selectable and expandable via one or more touch sensors.

14. The dynamic tactile interface of claim 1, wherein the secondary guide includes a rigid, static and tacitly distinguishable feature substantially resistant to deforming.

15. The dynamic tactile interface of claim 1, wherein the primary guide and secondary guide have a similar shape type and different size.

16. The dynamic tactile interface of claim 1, wherein the primary guide is positioned between two adjacent keys in a rendered virtual keyboard.

17. The dynamic tactile interface of claim 1, wherein the secondary guide is positioned between two adjacent keys in a rendered virtual keyboard.

18. The dynamic tactile interface of claim 1, further including a transition guide having tacitly a distinguishable feature that tacitly directs the user's finger from the primary guide to the secondary guide.

19. The dynamic tactile interface of claim 1, wherein the transition guide includes a depressed track vertically offset from the tactile layer.

20. The dynamic tactile interface of claim 1, wherein the transition guide includes multiple depressed tracks vertically offset from the tactile layer.

21. The dynamic tactile interface of claim 1, the displacement device including a fluid vessel and an actuator, the actuator displacing fluid from the fluid vessel into the tactile layer to transition the tactile layer from the retracted setting to the expanded setting and from the tactile layer into the fluid vessel to transition the tactile layer from the expanded setting to the retracted setting.