### io i i Ui UNITE D STATE S ENVIRONMENTA

L PROTECTIO

NAGENCY REGIO NI V

I NTHE MATTE R OF : ) ) ADMINISTRATIV

E ORDE R Kopper s Company , Incorporate d ) Chemica l & Allie

d Product s Grou

p ) U.S . EP

ADocke t No . 88-03-R U.S . Highwa

y30 1 Nort

h ) Florence , Sout

h Carolin

a )



### ) EP AI.D . No. : SC

O 00 3 35 3 02 6 * proceedin g unde r Sectio

n ) 3008(h ) o f th

e Resource RESPONDEN

T ) Conservatio n an d Recover y ) Act , a s amended , 4 2 U.S.C . ) §6928(h )

I . JURISDICTIO

N Thi s Administrativ e Orde r (Order ) i s issue d pursuan t t o th e authorityvested i n th e Administrato r o f th

e Unite d State s Environmenta l Protection Agency(hereinafte r EPA ) b ySectio n 3008(h ) o f th

e Soli d Wast e Disposa l Act , commonlyreferre d t o a s the Resourc e Conservation an d Recover yAc t (RCRA) , a s amended , 4 2 U.S.C . §6928(h) . The-authorit y vested i n th

e Administrato r ha s been delegated t o th e EP ARegiona l Administrato r b

yDelegation Nos . 8-3 1 an d 8-3 2 date d Apri l 16 , 1985 , an d furthur delegate d t o the Directo r o r the Wast e Managemen t Division , o f th e EPA , Region IV .

Thi s Administrative Orde r i s issue d t o Kopper s Company , Inc . Chemica l an

d Allied Product s Grou p (Respondent ) Owner/Operator o f th e Florenc e Plant , Florence , Sout h Carolin

a (Facility) . I t i s base d upo n th e administrativ e recor d compiled b

yEP Aan d incorporate

d herei n b

y reference . Th

e recor d i s availabl e fo r reviewb yResponden t an

d th e publi c a t EPA' s offic e at :

34 5 Courtlan- j Street , N.E . , „ , . ... . 1) 0 Oor )7H 5 i/J-..:'.-. i >''' ; •' • --—--—•—--""• • Atlai.tc , Gccrgi e 3036 F 

## rA'sr 

# L L i v*

— S C 00 3 3 ~~2 ~ ! o i i

Th e Administrativ e Recor d wil l als o b e availabl e fo r publi c reviewat : Florenc e Count yPubli c Librar y Mai n Branc h 31 9 S . Irb

yStree t Florence , South Carolin a 2950 1 (803 ) 662-842 4 Director : Rober t C . Davidso n Publi c Services : Salle yMarti n Hours : Monda

yt o Thursday , 9 a.m . t o 8:3 0 p.m . Frida yt o Saturday , 9 a.m . t o 5:3 0 p.m . Sunday , 2 p.m . t o 5 p.m . The librar

yi s a U.S . Governmen t Documen t Depositor y 

### an d ha s photocopyin

g facilitie s available .

II . PARTIE S BOUN

D 1 . Thi s Orde r shal l appl yt o an d be bindin g upo n Kopper s Company , Inc . an

d it s officers , directors , employees , agents , successor s an d assigns , an

d upo n al l persons , independen t contractors , contractors , an d consultant s acting unde r o r fo r Kopper s Company .

2 . N o chang e i n ownershi p o r corporat e o r partnershi p statu s relating t o the Facilit ywil l i n an ywa yalte r Respondent' s responsibilit yunde r thi s Order .

3 . Kopper s Company , Inc . shal l conditio n al l contract s o n complianc e wit h thi s Order .

4 . Responden t shal l giv e notic e o f thi s orde r t o an y successo r i n interes t prio r t o transfe r o f ownershi p o r operation o f the Facility .

. III . STATEMEN T O F PURP05 F The purpos e o f thi s Orde r i s t o addres s throug h interi m measure s a releas e o f hazardou s wast e an d hazardou s constituent s whic h ar e a threat ' t o huma n healt ho r th e environmen t posed b yth e Facility , 

### it s purpose'is"als o t o direc t a thoroug hevaluatio n o f th e natur e and exten t o f the releas e o f na^ai-JO'J s wa=>t~ : an d haz,ar ]ou

s constituent s fro mth e Facilit yand t o gathe r necessarydat a t r suppor t a-Correctiv e""•* "



### Measur e Study . Asubsequent order wil l addres s the Respondent s implementation o f th

e correctiv

e measur e selecte

d b yEPA , a s se t 

### fort h i n Sectio

n VI herein .

IV . FINDING

S O F FACT 

### 1 . Respondent i s a corporatio n doin g busines s i n th

e 

### Stat e o f Sout

h Carolin

a an d i s a perso

n a s defined i n Sectio

n 1004(15 ) o f RCRA , 4 2 U.S.C . §6903(15 ) an d R.61-79.26 0 Subpar t B o f th e Sout h Carolin

a Hazardou s Wast e Managemen t Regulation s (HWMR) .



### 2 . Responden t owns an

d operate s a hazardou s wast e managemen t facilityo

n Highwa y30 1 North , Florence , Sout h Carolin

a (figure 1) . Responden t 

### engage s i n treatment , storage an d disposa l o f hazardou s wast e a t th e Facilit ysubjec t t o interi mstatu s requirement s (4 0 CF R Par t 265 ) (Section 44-56-2 0 o f HWMR , a s amended , an d R.61-79.26 0 Subpar t B o f HWMR) . The facilit y 

### i s a woo d treatin

g plan t utilizin g pressur e cylinder s t o trea t woo d wit h differen t preservative s sucha s pentachlorophenol , creosote , a Copper

Chranium-Arseni c (CCA ) compoun d an d a Non-Com-Exterior (NCX ) fir e retardan t compound . 

### 3 . Respondent owne d o r operate

d th e Facilit ya s a hazardou s wast e managemen t facilityon an d afte r Novembe r 19 , 1980 , th e applicabl e dat e 

### whic hrender s facilitie s subjec t t o th e interi mstatus requirement s unde r Section s 300 4 an

d 300 5 o f RCRA , 4 2 U.S.C . §§6924 , 6925 . 4 . Pursuant t o Sectio n 301 0 o f RCRA , 4 2 U.S.C . §6930 , 

### Responden t notifie d EP Ao f it s hazardou s wast e activity . I n it s notificatio n date d Octobe r 14 , 1980 , Responden t identifie d itsel f a s a generator , treater , en

d store r o f hazardou s waste . :' i w' I " ! 0 I ; v -4

- 5 . I n it s Par t Adate d Octobe r 14 , 198 0 an d it s Par t B permi t applicatio n date d Apri l 9 , 1985 , th e Responden t identifie s itsel f a s handlin

g th e followin

g hazardous waste s a t th e facility : a . Hazardou s waste s exhibiting th e characteristic s o f E P toxicity(CC

Atreatmen t residue , D004/D007) , a s identifie d a t 4 0 CF R §261.2 0 - 261.24 ;

b . Hazardou s wast e fro ma specifi c sourc e (wastewater treatmen t sludges , K001) , a s identified a t 4 0 CF R §261.32 ; an

d c . Commercia l chemica l products , manufacturin g chemica l intermediates , o r manufacturing chemica l intermediate s identifie d a t 4 0 CF R §261.33(f) . U05 1 creosot e treatmen t residu e

U24 2 pentachloropheno l treatmen t residu e U051/U24 2 penta/creosot e treatmen t residue mixtur e U12 2 formaldehyd e 6a . Th e Respondent , a s identifie d i n a RCR AFacilit yAssessmen t (RFA ) completed i n Decembe r o f 198 6 b yU.S . EP

ARegion IV , operate s o r ha s operated solid an

d hazardou s wast e managemen t units . Thes e unit s ar e keye d i n Figur e 2 an

d 2a . Release s o f hazardou s waste s o r hazardou s constituent s wer e documented fro mthe followin

g units : Description Releas e 6(SWMU ) Close

d Lagoo n Documented soi l an d groundwater(GW ) contamination . 8(SVMU ) Abandone d landfil l Documented soi l an d G W contamination . 10(SVMU ) Oi l separator Belo wgroun d concret e tank , soi l aroun d the uni t i s discolored . Potentia l fo r additiona l G

W an d soi l contamination i f integrit yo f the uni t i s impaired . 17(SWMU ) Ol d stee l tan k an d Soi l i n thes e are a i s discolored . empt ydrum s behind Potentia l fo r additiona l G W an d soi l boile r roo

mcontamination . ^ t I8(SWMU ) Boile r roo mTh o concret e floor-i s staine d an d i n sdh e area s the floo r wa s wo t fro n drippage . Potentia l fo r G

W an d soi l contamination .-5

-

19(SWMU )

23(SWMU )

24(SVMU ) 25(SWMU ) Description

Treatin g Cylinder s 1 & 2

NC X plan t cylinde r area

Ol d sprayfieI d 

### Driptrac k area Releas e Concret e floo r i s badl ystaine d an d som e drippag e on the concret e floor . Potentia l fo r G W an d soi l contaminatio n exists . Th e soi l aroun

d th e sum p i s discolored . The cylinder s ar e i n a dike d area . 

### Potentia l fo r additiona l G W o r soi l contaminatio n i s lo

wunles s sum

p 

### concret e i s impaired . Documented soi l & G

W contamination . 

### Documented soi l & G

W contamination . Astron g potentia l fo r releas e o f hazardou s wast e o r hazardou s constituent s wa s identifie d a t the followin g units : Type Description l(SWMU )

2(SWMU )

4(SWMU )

5(SWMU )

7(SWMU ) 9 (SWMU )

ll(SWMU )

12(SWMU ) Potentia l fo r Releas e

Drainag e Ditch00 2

Are a alon

g th e track

Treated log storag e & handlin g are a

Abandone d ditc h

Creosot e Plant Pumping Statio n

Track Are a

Dike d Aro a Ai n 

### the sketc h Surfac e wate r fro mstorag e an

d treatmen t are a i s draine d throug h thi s unit . The effluen t ma ybe contaminate d an

d pose s potentia l fo r groun

d wate r (GW ) contamination . Washwate r fro

mth e store d treate d woo d log s pose s potentia l fo r G W an d soi l contamination . Are a i s approximatel y1500 * x 200 ' an d i s covere d wit hwashed creosot e an

d pentachlorophenol , an d pose s potentia l fo r G W an d soi l contamination . Standing rainwate r fro mth e site s pose s potentia l fo r G W an d soi l contamination . Creosot e drippag e pose s potentia l fo r groundwate r an

d soi l contamination . Agrea t potentia l fo r G W an d soi l 

### contamination fro

mth e belo wgroun d concret e sum

p i f th e integrit yo f the uni t i s impaired . Potentia l o f soi l & groundwate r contaminatio n fro

mspills , runof f 

### exists . Potentia l fo r <5-i , an

d soi l contvamlnatio i exists , i f the

- concret e wall s ^n l floor o f th e containmen t are a ar e impaired .-6

- ! U 

## n

Type 13CSWMU ) Descriptio n



### Treatin g i.-oo mbasement

14(SWMU )

15(SWMU )

20(SVMU )

2KSVWU ) 22(SWMU ) 

### Undergroun d gasoline 

### tan k 

### Undergroun

d boile r fue l tan k 

### Undergroun

d fue l oi l tan k Effluen t sum

p Oi l unloadin

g sum p 

### Creosot e storag e 

### tan k

26(SWMU ) Sump s belo wCC A 27(RCR Aunit ) Impoundmen t # 1 28(RCR Aunit ) Impoundmen t 1 2 29CRCR Aunit ) Impoundmen t 1 3 30(RCR Aunit ) Sprayfiel d

32(SWMU )

33(SWMU ) Contaminated soi l



### store d nea r containe r storag e she

d

Forme r PC P pond s Potentia l fo r Relqas ? 

### Th e treatmen t cylinder s ar e erecte d i n shallo

wconcret e sump . Ther e i s a potentia l o f releas e 

### i f th e integrityo f concret e i s 

### impaired Potentia l o f G

W an d soi l contamination 

### exist s i f the integrit yo f the tan k i s impaired . Sam e as fo r f! 4 Sam e a s fo r 11 4 Belowgroun

d concret e sump ; potentia l fo r G W & soi l contamination exist s 

### i f concret e i s impaired . Sam e a s fo r #2 0 

### The storag e tank s ar e enclose d i n a earthen dike . Th

e wate r collecte

d insid e the dike s seeme

d contaminated 

### Ther e i s potentia l G

W & soi l contamination . Th e uni t ha s a potentia l fo r contaminate d G W an d soi l i f the integrit yo f the uni t i f impaired ; 

### Primar yunline d K00 1 pond , being addressed unde r RCRA . Grea t potentia l fo r QW contamination . 

### Unline d aeratio n pond , K001 . fo r G W contamination . 

### Unline d tertiar

ypond , K001 . fo r G W contamination . Grea t potentia l Grea t potentia l 

### Wastewate r fro

mwoo d treatin

g proces s i s spraye d ove r th

e field . Grea t potentia l fo r G

W an d soi l contamination . 

### Th e remove d contaminated soil s frcr o 

### dri p trac k are a ar e store d i n a heap o n a plasti c sheet . The heap i s no t covered . Ther e i s a grea t potentia l 

### fo r uncontaminate d soi l an d G W t o becom

e contaminate d fro

mrain-wate r runoff . Thes e unline d pond s use d t o handl e hazardou s wastewater . Pond s wer e rejnove d fro m servic e i n mid-70's . Groun d ha s been 

### leveled . Potentiall ya sourc e o f G W contamination .

### 6.b . Th e Respondent' s facilityi s i n th e Middl e Coasta l 

### Plains physiographi c provinc e o f Sout h Carolin

a (Clymer , 1981) . Th

e surficia l sediment s ar e compose d o f siltysand s an

d clay s whic hwer e deposite d durin g transgression , an

d subsequent regressio

n o f sea level . Thes e sediment s includ e shallo wmarine , estuarine , an d paluda l deposit s 

### o f Uppe r Cretaceou

s age (Tabl e I ) (Clymer , 1981) . Ageneralize d geologi c cross-sectio

n o f th e southeas t an

d southwes t propert

yarea s ar e show

n i n Figure s 3 an

d 4 . (Leggette , Brashear s & Graham , 1986 ) c . Th e groundwate r flo

wacros s th

e Facilit yi s define d 

### b ya groundwate r divid e runnin g approximatel ynorth-sout h throug h the Facility property . Th

e flo wline s sho

wth e direction s o f wate r movemen t awa yfro m thi s topographi c an

d wate r tabl e highare a towar d surface-water discharge point s a t topographi c lowarea s durin g hig hflowperiod s (Figure s 1 & 6) . The two genera l direction s o f groundwate r flowof f the Facilit y 

### propert yar e t o th

e west-southwes t an

d southeas t i n th

e horizonta l plane . I t i s know

n tha t ther e ar e zone s o f hydrauli c interconnection i n the leak yaquife r syste

munderlyin

g th e sit e (Aucot t an

d Speiran , 1985) . Thi s syste minclude s the Blac k Creek an d Middendor f Aquifers , whic h ar e considere d a singl e leak

yartesia

n aquifer . The artesian aquife r syste mreceive s 

### recharg e throug

hdownwar

d leakag e o f wate r fro mthe water-tabl e aquifer . Groundwate r velocitie s i n Apri l 198 2 wer e estimated b yKopper s t o rang e 

### fro mone t o tw

o fee t pe r da

yi n th e westerl yan

d southwesterlydirections , an d 0. 1 t o 1. 5 fee t per da yi n th e southeasterlyan

d easterlydirections . 

### 7.a . Th e Responden t ha s a serie s o f thre e surfac e impound

ments , a sprayfiel d are a an d a dri p trac k are a (Figur e 2) . The Responden t currentlyoperate s a wasteuate r treatmen t proces s whic hseparate s ligh t-8

- ! - w



### an d heav yoil s i n a

n oil/wate r separator . Th e reclaime

d oi l i s returne

d t o th e preservatio

n process . Th

e remainin

g wastewate r flows throug h a serie s o f three surfac e impoundment s fo r additiona l treatment . An y 

### remainin g heav yoil s an

d sludge s settl e out i n th e firs t lagoon . Th

e secon d lagoo n i s aerate

d t o enhanc e biologica l treatment ; th e 3r d lagoo n hold s th e wastewater unti l approximately35,00 0 gallons pe r da yo f effluen t i s pumped fro

mi t ont o th

e adjacent spra

yfield . Eac

h lagoo n hold s approximately1. 1 millio n gallons an d i t i s estimate

d tha t there i s a 23

- da yhydrauli c retentio

n throug h the thre e - lagoo

n syste mprio r t o lan

d spraying . 

### I n additio n the Respondent maintain s a dri p area wher e treated woo

d i s allowe

d t o "drip-dry " afte r remova l fro mth e treatmen t cylinders . Drippag e collect s here . Aconcret e dri p pad , abou t 52 0 fee t long , i s presen t alon

g th e wester n portion o f th

e dri p area (Figur e 2) . 

### Staining i s eviden t on the surfac e soi l alon g muc ho f the lengt ho f thi s are a fro n the treatmen t cylinder s t o the wester n portion o f the dri p track area . 

### Frc

mthe result s o f Respondent s Phas e I Groundwate r Qualit yInvestigatio n (Jun e 1982 ) i t wa s confirmed tha t groundwate r beneat h part s o f the Facilit ycontained hazardou s waste s an d hazardou s 

### constituent s including creosoLe , pentachloropheno l (PCP ) an d polynuclea r aromati c hydrocarbon s (PAHs) . Tabl e I I i s a partia l listing o f PCP , tota l phenols , an

d PA H foun d during thi s investigation . Tabl e I I i s 

### incorporate

d b yreferenc e an

d i s fullyse t fort

h herein . Respondent' s Phas e I I Groundwate r QualityInvestigatio n (Jul y 

### 1983 ) confirmed previou s indication s tha t hazardou s waste s an d hazardou s constituent s o f wood-treatmen t chemical s Trc mthe Respondent' s Facilit y we ; e migratin g off-site . The yar e migratin g i r bot h a southeasterl yan dI wi i UU' .



### southwesterl

ydirection awa

yfro n th e groundwate r divid e whichunderlie s th e Facility . Th

e Phas e I I investigation identifie d 1 1 off-sit e monitorin g 

### well s wit hevidenc e o f hazardous constituent s fro mwoo d treatmen t chemicals . Tabl e II I i s a partia l listin g o f contaminant s detecte d i n selecte

d off-sit e privat e wells . Tabl e II I i s incorporate d b yreferenc e an

d i s full

yse t fort

h herein . 8.a . Sinc e th e horizonta l movemen t o f th e groundwate r a t 

### th e Facilit

yi s controlle

d b ya groundwater divide which run s north-sout

h there i s a potentia l for migratio n o f hazardous wast e and/o r hazardous constituents . Groundwate r flo wi s southeasterlyan

d southwesterl

yawa y 

### frcni th e Facility . Offsit e flo wi s i n a two-directiona l fa n shape d pattern . b . Groundwater flo

wi n th e shallo waquife r zon

e tends 

### t o direc t contaminated wate r fro mth e Facilityt o a cree

k wes t o f th

e Facility . Groundwate r movemen t i n the deepe r aquife r zon e flows unde r the creek an

d furthe r t o the west . I n addition , the aquife r syste mi n th e Sout h Carolin

a coasta l plai n consist s o f a serie s o f leak yaquifers . 9 . The hazardou s constituent s identifie d i n Paragrap h5 

### an d i n Table s I I an

d II I pos e a threa t t o huma n healt ho r the environment . The yhave th

e followin

g characteristics : 

### Polynuclea

r Aromati c Hydrocarbons (PAHs ) are easily absorbe d b yal l mean s o f exposure . Th e mos t significan t toxi c effec t associate

d wit hPAH s i s thei r potentia l carcinogenicity(cancer-causin g effect) . Variou s PAH s a s a grou p ar e know

n t o b e toxic , mutagenic , teratogenic , an

d carcinogenic . 

### The Ambien t Wate r Qualit yCriteri a (AWQC ) concentra 

### tio n fo r carcinogeni c PAHs , whic hi s based on the carcinogeni c potenc y o f benzo(a)pyrene , i s 3 ng/ 1 (0.00 3 ug/1) . Thi s PA H i s on e o f th e mos t canno n an d als o th

e mos t hazardous . Thi s concentration posfc c 

### ar . idditirna. i lifetime exposure cance r ris k o f 1 i n 100,000 . Whe n multipl e carcinogen s-10

-



### ar e present , a s i n thi s case , additivit yo f risks an d individua l 

### concentrations i s assumed . Thus , i n Wel l #14 A(figure 5) , sampled 02/07/83 , th e concentration o f carcinogeni c PAH s benzo(a)anthracene , benzo(b,k ) fluoranthene , benzo(a ) pyrene , an d indeno (l,2,3-c,d ) pyren e totalle

d 3.4 6 ug/ 1 a s benzo(a)pyrene . Thi s i s 115 3 time s greate r tha n th e AVJQ C 

### concentratio

n o f 0.00 3 ug/1 . Th e mos t prominen t effec t o f chroni c exposure t o sem e 

### PAH s i s tumo r formation . Benzo(a)pyren e ha s bee

n demonstrate

d t o induc e bronchi a carcinon

a i n humans . Mutageni c test s have yielde d positive 

### result s wit hcertai n conpounds , mos t notablybenzo(a)pyrene . At the Respondent' s Facility , benzo(a)pyren e ha s been foun

d i n surfac e water s on-sit e an

d i n well s bothon-sit e an d off-site . Pentachloropheno l (PCP ) result s i n effect s primaril yon the 

### liver , kidneys , an

d centra l nervou s system . Los s o f appetite , respirator y difficulties , anesthesia , sweating , an d rapidl yprogressiv

e com a hav e been reported i n human s expose d t o PCP . The EP

Aambien t wate r qualit ycriteri a fo r PC P i s 1.0 1 mg/ 1 based o n toxicit ydat a an

d 0.0 3 mg/ 1 based upon organolepti c data . EP Aha s propose

d a Recommende d Maximu mContaminan t 

### Leve l o f 0.2 2 mg/1 . Th e Responden t ha s measure d pentachloropheno l concen tration s i n wel l 11 4 o f 1.8 , 2. 5 an d 2. 5 mg/ 1 a t differen t times . Thi s i s muc hhighe r tha

n backgroun

d levels . 10 . Respondent' s Facilityi s surrounde d b ya mixtur e o f industrial , commercial , residential , an d transportationa l lan d use . The 

### Facilit yi s bounded on thre e side s b ywoods . O

n the remainin

g side , directl ySouth , i s the Seaboar d Coas t Lin e Railroad whic hinclude s a larg e switching yard . Sout h o f the switching yard i s a residentia l developmen t o f abou t 10 0 hone s identifie d a s the Da yStree t neighborhood .w

Th e closes t

residenc e t o th e Facilit y i s withi n10 0 yard s wes t o f th e Facilit y fence
. Ane w hig hschoo l i s abou t 2 mile s fro mth e Facilit y an dane w hospita l i s abou t 3- 4 mile s fro n th e Facility
. Th e Cit y o f Florence' s Waterwork s Pin e Stree t an dBallar dStree t

pumpin g well s ar e approximatel y 440 0 fee t southo f

th e Respondent' s facility
. Thi s i s th e publi c wate r

suppl y fo r

Florenc e (Figur e 1) . 11 . Release s fro n Respondent' s facilit y ar e migratin g towar dth e Cit y o f

Florence' s pumpin g well s an dthreate n huma nhealthand/ o r th e environment , sinc e the y ar e in-lin e wit hth e directio n o f movemen t

o f th e contaminate dplume
. Th e Pin e Stree t an dBallar dStree t

well s withdra w aporoximatel y 1. 2 an d0. 3 mg/da y respectivel y frc mthi s aguifer
.

Ther e i s extensiv e groundwate r contaminatio nwithi nth e Da y Stree t neighborhoo dresultin g fro n th e Respondent' s facility
. A s a result , th e Responden t ha s voluntaril y hooke du p mos t o f th e cooperatin g honeowner s an dresidence s t o cit y water . Yet , ther e ar e tw o know nresident s an dpossibl y other s directl y offsit e th e Facilit y tha t us e wel l water . I n addition , recovery well s hav e been installe di n th e southeas t an d southwes t

corne r o f th e plan t

site ; thes e well s hav e no t ye t been place d i n recover y mode
. Thi s i s aresul t o f Keepers ' delaye dtie-i n wit hth e Cit y o f Florenc e wastewate r treatmen t

system . Monitorin g an dassessmen t activitie s i n th e uppe r 20-5 0 fee t o f th e wate r

zon e hav e confirme drelease s o f hazardou s wastes , o r hazardou s constituent s fro mth e Facilit y t o th e groundwate r a t th e sit e (Malcol mPirnie , August , 1985) . Wit hth e downwar dmigratio n o f groundwater , ther e i s ahig hpotentia l fo r continue dcontaminatio no f deepe r saturate d zone s bot

ho n an dof

f site
.12 . Th e Wast e Managemen t Division Director , EP ARegion IV , 

### ha s conclude

d tha t th

e actions ordere

d belo war e necessar

yt o protec t huna n healthan

d th e environment . V . CONCLUSION

S O F LA W AN D DETERMINATION

S 

### Base d o n th e Finding s o f Fac t se t above , an d th e 

### administrative record , EP Aha s mad e th

e followin

g conclusions o f la

wan d . determinations : 1 . Responden t i s a "person " withi n th e meaning o f Sectio

n 1004(15 ) 

### o f RCRA , 4 2 U.S.C . §6903(15) ; an d R.61-79.26 0 Subpar t B o f th e Sout h Carolin

a Hazardou s Wast e Managemen t Regulation s (HWMR) . 

### 2 . Responden t i s th

e owne r o r operato r o f a facilit ytha t ha s operate d o r i s operatin

g subjec t t o Section 3005(e ) o f RCRA , 4 2 U.S.C . §6925(e) . 

### 3 . Certai n waste s an

d constituent s thereo f foun d a t th e facilit yar e hazardou s waste s o r hazardou s constituent s thereo f a s define d b y Sectio n 1004(5 ) o f RCRA , 4 2 U.S.C . §6903(5) . Thes e are als o hazardou s waste s o r hazardou s constituent s withi n the meanin g o f Section 3001 , o f RCRA , 4 2 U.S. C §692 1 an d 4 0 CF R Par t 261 . 

### 4 . Ther e i s o r ha s been a releas e o f hazardou s waste s and/or hazardou s constituent s int o the environmen t fro mRespondent' s Facility . 5 . Th e action s require d b

ythi s Orde r ar e necessar yt o protec t 

### human healt hand/or the environment .

VI . WORK T

O BE PERFORME D Pursuan t t o Section 3008(h ) o f RCRA , 4 2 U.S.C . §6928(h) , 

### Responden t i s hereb

yordered t o perfor

mthe followin

g task s i n the 

### manner-and b

ythe dat-=> s specified herein . Al l work undertaken pursuan t t o thi s Orde r shal l b e performed i n a manne r consisten t with , a s a-13

- i I U U



### minimum , th

e EP Aapprove

d Interi mMeasure s Pla

n (IM) , th

e EP Aapprove

d RCR AFacilit

yInvestigatio

n Wbrkpla

n (RFI) , Correctiv

e Measure s Stud

y (CMS) , RCR

Aan d it s substantiv

e implementin

g regulations , an

d applicabl e 

### EP Aguidanc e document s suc h a s th e "RCR AGroundwate r Monitorin g Technica l Enforcement Guidanc e Document " (OSWE R Directiv

e 9950.1 , September 1986 ) an d th e "RCR AFacilityInvestigation (RFI ) Guidance " (EPA/SW-87-001) . Th e Respondent shal l follo wth e CommunityRelation s Pla n containe d i n Attachment D . Attachment D t o thi s Orde r i s incorporate d b yreferenc e a s i f full yse t fort

h herein . INTERI M MEASURE S (IM ) 

### 1 . Withi n 2 0 days o f th e effectiv

e dat e o f thi s Order , Responden t shal l submi t t o EP Aan d Sout h Carolin

a Departmen t o f Health 

### an d Environmenta l Contro l (SCDHEC ) a n I M Workpla

n fo r th e implementatio n o f InterimMeasures . Th

e I M Wbrkpla

n an d activitie s conducte

d pursuant t o 

### thi s Orde r ar e subjec t t o approva l b yEP Aan d SCDHE C an

d shal l b

e performe

d i n a manne r consisten t wit hthe I M Scop e o f Wor k i n Attachmen t At o thi s Order , whic hi s incorporate d b yreferenc e a s i f full yse t fort

h herein . The I M Workpla

n shal l be developed i n accordanc e with , a t a minimum , RCRA , it s iirplementin

g regulations , an

d EP Aguidanc e document s whic h EP A 

### determine s t o be relevant .

2 . Th e I M Workpla

n shal l ensur e tha t th e InterimMeasure s 

### ar e designed t o mitigat e a current o r potentia l threat(s ) t o huma n health o r th e environmen t an

d i s consistent wit han d integrated int o an

ylon g ter msolutio

n a t th e Facility . Th

e I M Workpla

n shal l documen t th

e procedure s t o b

e use d b yth e Responden t fo r th

e implementation o f th e Interi mMeasure s including : the objective s o f the Interi mMeasures ; 

### denfgn , construction , operation , monitorin g an d maintenanc e requirements ; an d detaile d schedules .

### -14

- , . , r , ,- • • , : I u i i u u \ J 3 . I n accordanc e wit hAttachmen t Aherein , the I M Workpla n wil l include : InterimMeasure s Objectives ; Desig n Plan s an d Specification s for th e interimgroundwate r recover yan d treatment system ; Methodolog yan d Schedule s for emplacemen t o f th e propose d monitorin

g wells ; an

d Reportin

g Require-ients . 4 . I n th e even t th

e Respondent identifie s a n additiona l threa t o r potentia l threa t t o huma n health o r th

e environment , th

e Responden t shal l notifyEP Aimmediately , t o b

e followe

d i n writin

g withi n 1 0 days , summarizin

g th e immediacyan

d magnitud e o f th

e potentia l threa t t o huma n healtho r the environmen t an d shal l identif yadditiona l Interim Measure s whic hmitigat e thi s threa t an d ar e consistent wit han d integrate

d int o an ylon g ter msolutio

n a t the facility . Withi n 1 5 day s o f notifyin g EPA , th e Respondent shal l submi t t o EP Aa n I M Workpla

n fo r approval .

RCR AFACILIT

Y INVESTIGATIO

N(RFI ) 5 . Withi n 9 0 day s o f the effectiv e dat e o f thi s Order , Responden t shal l submi t t o EP Aan d SCDHE C a plan fo r a RCR AFacility Investigatio n (RFI) . Th e RF I Workpla

n i s subjec t t o approva l b yEP A an d SCDHE C an

d shal l be performed i n a manne r consisten t wit hthe RF I Scope o f Work contained i n Attachmen t B . Attachmen t B t o thi s Orde r i s incorporate

d b yreferenc e a s i f full yse t fort h herein . Th

e RF I Workplan shal l b e developed i n accordanc e with , a t a minimum , RCRA , it s implementin g regulations , an

d EP Aguidanc e document s whic hEP Adetermine s t o be relevant ; including bu t no t limite d t o the Endangermen t Assessment Handbook (August , 1985) . 6 . The RF I WorKplan shal l be designe d t o defin e the .presence , magnitude , extent , directIOP , an d rat e o f movemen t o f an y-15

- 1 ^

hazardous waste s or hazardous constituent s withi n an d beyon d th e Facilit y boundary . The RF I WOrkplan shal l documen t the procedure s the Responden t shal l us e t o conduc t thos e investigation s necessar yto : (1 ) characteriz e th e potentia l pathways o f contaminant migration ; (2 ) characteriz e th e source(s ) o f contamination ; (3 ) defin e th e degre e an

d exten t o f contamination ; (4 ) identifyactua l or potentia l receptors ; an d (5 ) develo

p alternative options t o suppor t EPA' s selectio n o f a correctiv

e measure . Aspecifi c schedul e fo r implementatio n o f al l activitie s shal l b e included i n the RF I Workplan .

7 . I n accordanc e wit hSection VI herein , the RF I Wbrkplan shal l include : (1 ) a Projec t Managemen t Plan ; (2 ) a Dat a Collection Qualit yAssuranc e Plan ; (3 ) a Dat a Managemen t Plan ; (4 ) a Healt h an d SafetyPlan ; an

d (5 ) a n Endangermen t Assessment .

CORRECTIV

E MEASURE S STUD

Y (CMS ) 8 . Upo n completio n o f the RCR AFacilit yInvestigation , th e Responden t shal l conduc t a Corrective Measur e Stud yi n accordanc e wit hCM S Scope o f Work i n Attachmen t C . Attachmen t C t o thi s Orde r i s incorporated b

yreferenc e a s i f full yse t fort hherein . CORRECTIV

E MEASURE S IMPLEMENTATIO N(CMI ) I f Responden t ha s complie d wit hthe terms o f thi s Order , afte r EPA' s selection o f th e correctiv

e measur e t o be implemented , EP Ashal l provid

e a 90-da

yperio d fo r negotiation o f a n administrative orde r o n consen t [o r a judicia l consent decree ] fo r implementatio n o f the corrective measure . I f agreemen t i s no t reache d durin g thi s period , EP Areserve s al l right s i t ha s t o implemen t ti^ e ucrrective measur e o r other remeui d respons e an d t o take ar. yoth.^

r aop^opn'.ac

e action s unde r RCRA , CERCL

A0 1 an yothe r availabl s lega l authority , including issuanc e-16

- ' ~ ' '



### o f a unilatera l administrativ e order directin

g Respondent t o implement th e correctiv

e measure . SUBMISSIONS/AGENC

Y APPROVAL/ADDITIONA L WOR K 

### 9 . Withi n 1 0 days o f approva l or modification b yEP A 

### an d SCDHE C o f th

e Workplans , Respondent shal l commenc e wor k an d implemen t th e tasks require

d b yth e Workplans submitted pursuant t o th e Scope(s ) 

### o f Wor k containe

d i n Attachment s A , B , an d C i n accordanc e with the standards , specification s an d schedul e stated i n the Workplan s a s approved o r modifie d b yEP Aan d SCDHEC . 10 . Beginnin

g with th

e month followin

g th e effectiv

e dat e o f thi s Order , Responden t shal l provid e EP Aan d SCDHE C wit hprogres s report s fo r eachmont h o n th e tenthda

yo f th e followin

g month . Th

e progres s report s shal l b

e developed a s specified i n th e Scope s o f Wor

k containe

d i n Attachmen t A,B , an

d C hereto . 11 . Responden t shal l provid e draf t an d fina l Interim Measure , RCR

AFacilit yInvestigatio n an d Corrective Measur e Stud y report s t o EP

Aan d SCDHE C i n accordanc e wit h th e schedule s contained i n 

### thi s Order . 12 . EPA , wit h primar yapprovin

g authority , shal l review 

### an ydraf t o r fina l submittals , an d notifyRespondent i n writin g o f EPA' s approva l o r disapprova l o f th e suhmitta l o r an

ypar t thereof . I n the even t o f an

ydisapproval , EP

Ashal l specifyi n writing the deficiencie s an d reason s for suc

h disapproval . Withi n 3 0 days o f th e receip t o f EPA' s disapprova l o f an ysubmittal , Respondent shal l amen d an d submi t a revise d submitta l whic hEPAwil l approve o r modify . Th e revise d submitta l 

### a s approved o r modifie d shal l be deemed incorporated int o an d par t c f thi s Order .. ! ; ;• • ' • _T7

_' '- ' ' ! Uu:



### 13 . Fou r (4 ) copie s o f al l documents , includin g 

### Workplans , preliminar

yan d fina l reports , progres s reports , an d other correspondenc e t o be submitted pursuan t t o thi s Orde r shal l be han d delivere d o r sent b

ycertified mail , retur n receip t requested , t o th e Projec t Coordinator designated pursuant t o Sectio n XII I o f thi s Order . 14 . Al l wor

k performe

d pursuant t o thi s Orde r shal l b e unde r th e direction an

d supervisio

n o f a professiona l enginee r and/or 

### professiona l geologis t i n th e Stat e o f Sout

h Carolin

a wit h expertis e i n 

### hazardous wast e sit e cleanup . O n o r befor e th

e effective dat e o f thi s Order , Responden t shal l notif yEP Aan d SCDHE C i n writin

g o f th e name , 

### title , an

d qualification s o f th e enginee r o r geologist , an d o f an y 

### contractor s o r subcontractor s an d thei r personne l t o b e used i n carryin

g ou t the terms o f thi s Order .

15 . EP Ama ydetermine,t o protec t human healt h o r the environment , 

### tha t certai n tasks , includin g investigator

ywor k o r engineerin

g evaluation , 

### ar e necessar

yi n additio n t o the task s an d deliverable s include d i n the Workplans . Whe n newfinding s indicat e tha t suc hadditiona l wor

k i s necessary , thi s additiona l wor k shal l be deemed t o be par t o f thi s Order . EP Ashal l requir e the Respondent , i n writing , t o perfor mthe additiona l 

### wor k i n thi s situation an d shal l specif

yth e basi s an

d reasons fo r EPA' s determination tha t th e additiona l wor

k i s necessary . Withi n 1 0 day s afte r the receip t o f suc hdirective , Responden t shal l hav e the opportunit

yt o mee t wit hEP

At o discus s th

e additiona l wor

k EP Aha s 

### requested . An

yadditiona l wor

k performed b

yResponden t unde r thi s paragraphshal l b e performed i n a manne r consisten t wit hthi s Order .-18

-

VII . QUALIT

Y ASSURANC E 

### Throughout al l sampl e collection s an d analysi s activities , Respondent shal l us e EPA-approve d qualit yassurance , qualitycontrol , an d chain-of-custod

yprocedure s a s specified i n th e approve d workplans . I n addition , Respondent shall :

1 . Ensure tha t laboratorie s use d b yRespondent for analyse s perfor

msuc h analyse s accordin

g t o th e EP Amethod s include

d i n "Tes t Method s for Evaluatin g Solid Wast e (SW-846 , Novembe r 1986 ) or othe r method s deemed satisfactor yb yEPA . I f method s othe r tha n EP A method s ar e t o be used , Responden t shal l submi t al l protocol s t o be 

### use d fo r analyse s i n th

e RF I Workplan . 2 . Ensure tha t laboratorie s use d b yRespondent for analyse s participat e i n a qualit yassurance/qualit ycontro l progra

m 

### equivalen t t o tha t whic hi s followed b yEPA . A s par t o f sucha program , an d upo n reques t b

yEPA , suchlaboratorie s shal l perfor manalyse s o f sample s provide d b

yEP At o demonstrat e th

e qualit yo f th

e analytica l data .

• I f EP Adeems th

e La b unqualifie d then EP

Ama yrejec t an

yanalytica l dat a an d result s fro

mtha t Lab . 3 . Infor

mth e EP AProjec t Coordinator 1 0 day s i n advanc e 

### whic hlaboratorie s wil l be use d b yResponden t an

d ensur e tha t EP

A personne l an

d EPA-authorized representative s have reasonabl e acces s t o th e laboratorie s an

d personne l use

d for analyses . 4 . Us e th

e EP Aguidanc e t o evaluat e al l dat a t o be used 

### i n the propose

d plan s required b

ySection VI o f thi s Order . Thi s evaluatio n shal l be provide d t o EP Aa s par t o f the RFI/CM S Workplan 

### require d b

ySection V I o f t ; 

### u< ? Order , an d shal l be update d a s necessary .

# - 19



# - i ^ , ; 0

VIII . PUBLI C COMMEN

T AN D PARTICIPATIO

N



### 1 . Upo n approva l b

yEP Ao f a Correctiv

e Measur e Stud

y Fina l Report , EP

Ashal l mak e the RCR

AFacilityInvestigation Fina l 

### Repor t (or surmar

yo f report) , th

e Correctiv

e Measur e Stud

yFina l Repor t (or summar

yo f report ) an

d a summar

yo f EPA' s propose

d correctiv

e measur e availabl e t o th e publi c fo r reviewan d cemen t fo r a t leas t twenty-on

e (21 ) days . 2 . Followin

g th e publi c reviewan

d cemen t period , EP

A 

### shal l notif yResponden t whic hcorrectiv e measur e i s selecte

d b yEPA . I f th e correctiv

e measur e recommende

d i n th e Correctiv

e Measur e Stud

y Fina l Repor t i s no t the corrective measur e selected b yEP Aafte r consideratio

n o f publi c Garments , EP Ashal l infor

mRespondent i n writin g 

### o f th e reason s fo r suc

hdecision . IX . ON-SIT

E AN D OFF-SIT

E ACCES S 1 . EP Aand/o r an

yEP Arepresentative , including EP A contractors , an

d SCDHE C ar e authorize d t o ente r an

d freel ymove abou t 

### al l propert

ya t the Facilit yfo r the purpose s of , inte r alia ; interviewin g 

### Facilit ypersonne l an

d contractors ; inspectin g records , operatin

g logs , an d contract s relate

d t o th e Facility ; reviewin

g th e progres s o f th

e 

### Respondent i n carryin

g out th e term s o f thi s Order ; conductin g suc h samplin g an d test s a s EP

Ao r it s representative deems necessary ; usin g a camera , soun

d recording , o r othe r documentar ytyp e equipment ; an

d 

### verifying the report s an d dat a submitte d t o EP Ab ythe Respondent . The Responden t shal l permi t suchpersons t o inspec t an d cop yal l records , 

### files , photographs , documents , an d othe r writings , includin g ai l samplin g-20 - ' - . - n , , . . 1 w! I U L i . ! 

### an d monitorin

g data , tha t pertai n t o wor k undertaken pursuan t t o thi s Order , an

d shal l complywit hal l approved health an d safet yplans . 2 . To th

e exten t tha t wor

k require d b

yth e Workplan mus t b e done , o n propert

yno t owned o r controlle d b yRespondent , Responden t wil l us e it s bes t effort s t o obtai n sit e acces s agreement s fro mth e 

### presen t owner(s ) o

n suc hpropert ywithi n 1 0 day

s o f approva l o f th

e Workplan . An

ysuc h acces s agreemen t shal l b e incorporated b

yreferenc e 

### int o thi s Order . I n th

e even t tha t agreement s fo r sit e acces s ar e no t obtaine d withi n 3 0 days o f th e effective dat e o f thi s Order , Responden t 

### shal l notif yEP

Ai n writin g regarding boththe lack o f an d it s failur e t o obtai n suchagreement s withi n 1 0 days thereafter .



### 3 . Nothin

g i n thi s section limit s o r otherwis e effect s EPA' s righ t t o acces s an

d entrypursuan t t o applicabl e law , including RCR Aan d CERCLA .

X . SAMPLIN

G AN D DATA/DOCUMEN

T AVAILABILIT

Y 1 . Responden t shal l submi t t o EP Aan d SCEHE C al l 

### result s o f sampling , tests , o r othe r dat a generate d b yo r on it s behal f wit hrespec t t o the implementatio n o f thi s Orde r i n the monthl yprogres s 

### report s describe d i n Sectio n VI o f thi s Order .

2 . Responden t shal l notif yEP Aan d SCDHE C a t leas t 5 day s befor e engagin g i n an yfiel d activitie s suc

ha s an ywel l drilling , 

### installatio n o f eguipment , o r sampling . At the regues t o f EPA , Responden t « shal l provid e t o EP A o r allo w EP A o r

it s authorize drepresentativ e t o take spli t sample s o f

al l sample s collecte db y Responden t pursuan t

t o thi s Order
. Similarly , a t th e recrues t

o f Respondent , EP A wil l allo w Responden t o r 5t s authorize drepresentative s t o tak e spli t o r duplicat e sample s o f al l coM^cte db y F? A unde r thi s Order
. EP A shal l notify Rosoonden t at leas t i' J day s 'befor e conductin g an y samplin g und-_- r tJ-u s-21

- 

### 3 . Al l information an

d dat a shal l be availabl e t o the 

### publi c excep t t o th e exten t tha t i t i s confidentia l busines s information . Dispute s ove r confidentialityshal l b e covered b

y4 0 CF R Par t 2 . Samplin

g 

### dat a shal l no t be deemed confidential . XI . RECOR

D PRESERVATIO

N 

### Respondent shal l preserve , durin g th e pendenc

yo f thi s Orde r and fo r a minimu mo f 6 year s afte r it s termination , al l data , 

### record s an

d document s i n it s possessio n o r whic hcon

e int o it s possessio

n o r i n the possessio

n i f it s divisions , officers , directors , employees , 

### contractors , agents , successor s an d assign s whic hrelat e i n an ywa yt o 

### thi s Orde r o r t o hazardou s wast e managemen t and/o r disposa l a t the Facility . Responden t shal l then mak e such records availabl e t o EP Afo r inspection o r shal l provid e copie s o f an ysuc h records t o EPA . Responden t shal l notif yEP

A3 0 day s prio r t o the destructio n o f any-suc hrecord s an d shal l provid e EP

Awit hthe opportunityt o tak e possession o f an ysuch records prio r t o destruction .

XII . PROJEC

T COORDINATO

R 

### 1 . Withi n (10 ) days o f th e effectiv e dat e o f thi s Order , EP Aan d Responden t shal l each designat e a Projec t Coordinator . Each 

### Proiec t Coordinato r shal l b e responsibl e fo r overseein g th e implementation o f thi s Order . The EP AProjec t Coordinato r wil l be EPA' s designate d 

### representative a t th e Facility . Al l ccmnunication s between Responden t an d EPA , an d al l documents , reports , aprrrvals , an d oths r correspondenc e 

### concernin g th e activitie s performe d pursuat. t to t 

### th e term s and condition s o f thi s OrrV^ r shal l b p directe d tb.rt-ug

hth e Prol^c hCoordinators .-22 - 2 . Responden t

shal l provid e EP A at leas t 1 0 busines s day s writte n notic e prio r

t o changin g Proiec t

Coordinators
. 3 . I f EP A determine s tha t activitie s i n complianc e o r nonccntplianc e wit hthi s Order , hav e cause do r may caus e areleas e of : hazardou s wast e o r

hazardou s constituents , ahazardou s substance , and/o r apollutant , o r

contaminant , o r

athrea t

t o th e publi c health o r t o th e environment , EP A may orde r Responden t

t o sto p furthe r

implementatio n o f thi s Orde r

fo r suc haperio do f

tim e a s may b e neede dt o abat e an y suc hreleas e o r

threa t and/o r undertak e an y actio n whic hEP A determine s i s necessar y t o abat e suc hareleas e o r threat
. 4 . Th e absenc e o f

th e EP A Proiec t

Coordinato r

fro mth e Facilit y shal l no t

b e caus e fo r

th e stoppag e o f

work
.

XIII . NOTIFICATIO N

Unles s otherwis e specified , reports , correspondence , approvals , disapprovals , notice s o r othe r submission s relatin g t o o r reouire d unde r thi s Orde r

shal l b e i n writin g an dshal l b e sen t to : 1 ) Tw o copie s o f

al l document s t o b e submitte dt o th e U.S . EP A shoul db e sen t to : Alla nE . Antley , Chie f Wast e Complianc e Sectio n Residual s Managemen t Branc h U S EPA , Regio nI V 34 5 Courtlan dStreet , N.E . Atlanta , Georgi a3036 5 Tw o copie s o f

al l document s to b e submitte dto SCDHEC shoul db e sen t

to : Hartsil l W . Truesdal e

Burea u o f

Soli dan dHazardou s Wast e Managemen t Sout hCarolin aDepartmen t o f Healt han dEnvironmenta l Contro l " 260 0 Bul l Stree t Columbia , SouthCanx'in a2 r 2(": l-23 -

2 ) Document s t o b e submitte dt o th e Responden t shoul db e sen t to : Jame s L . Wilmot h Kopper s Co. , Inc . P.O . Bo x 172 5 Florence , Sout

hCarolin a2950 3

XIV . PENALTIE S FO RINCOMPLIANC E Th e failur e o r

refusa l t o carr y ou t th e term s o f

thi s Orde r i n amanne r

deemedsatisfactor y subject s Responden t t o acivi l penalt y i n a n amoun t no t t o excee d$25,00 0 fo r eac hda y o f

noncomplianc e wit hthi s Orde r

i naccordanc e wit hSectio n S3008(h ) o f RCRA , 4 2 U.S.C . S6928(h)
.

XV . RESERVATIO NO FRIGHT S

1 . Thi s Orde r

shal l no t

b e construe da s awaive r o r limitatio n o f an y rights , remedies , power s and/o r authoritie s whic hEP A ha s unde r RCRA , CERCLA , o r

an y othe r

statutor y o r

commo nla w enforcemen t authorit y o f

th e Unite dState s o f

America
. 2 . EP A hereb y reserve s al l o f it s statutor y an dregulator y powers , authorities , rights , remedies , bot hlegal an dequitable , whic h ma y pertai n t o Respondent' s failur e t o compl y wit han y applicabl e law s an d regulation s an dwit han y o f th e recruirement s o f thi s Order , includin g bu t no t limite dto , th e righ t bot ht o disapprov e o f

work performe db y th e Responden t

an dt o reques t

tha t Responden t

perfor mtask s i n additio n t o thos e state di n th e Workplans , th e righ t t o perform'an y portio n o f th e wor k herei n o r

an y additiona l sit e characterisation , studies , an dresponse / correctiv e action s a s i t deem s necessary , th e authorit y t o undertak e removal action s o r

remedia l actions , th e righ t t o so?>k reiiiiburstrmpn t

fro m-24 -

fro mResponden t fo r suc

h additiona l cost s incurred b ythe Unite d States , 

### an d th e right t o tak

e additiona l enforcemen t action pursuan t t o §3008(h ) shoul d the Agencydetermin e tha t suc h action s ar e warranted . 3 . Complianc e b

yResponden t wit h th

e terms o f thi s 

### Orde r shal l no t relieve respondent o f it s obligatio n t o ccmpl ywit h RCR Ao r an yothe r applicabl e Stat e o r Federa l la wo r regulation including withou t limitation , an ycondition s o f a permi t issue d unde r RCR

Ao r an y' othe r applicabl e Stat e o r Federa l la wo r regulation .

XVI . OTHE R CLAIMS AN D PARTIE S Nothin g i n thi s Orde r shal l constitut e o r be construed a s a releas e fro

man yclaim , caus e o f actio n o r deman d i n la wo r eguit y 

### agains t an

yperson , firm , partnership , o r corporation no t name d i n thi s Orde r fo r an

yliabilit yi t mayhav e arisin g ou t o f o r relating i n an ywayt o th e generation , storage , treatment , handling , transportation , release , o r disposa l o f an yhazardou s constitutents , hazardou s substances , hazardou s wastes , pollutants , o r contaminant s foun d at , take n to , o r take n fro

mth e Facility .

XVII . OTHE R APPLICABLE LAW S Al l action s reguire d t o be take n pursuan t t o thi s Orde r 

### shal l be undertake n i n accordanc e wit hthe reguirement s o f al l applicabl e local , state , an

d federa l laws an

d regulations . Responden t shal l obtai n o r caus e it s representative s t o obtai n al l permit s an d anproval c 

### necessar yunde r suc

hlaw s an

d regulations .-25 - I - • •

. * XVIII . INDEMNIFICATIO NO F THE UNITED STATE S GOVERNMEN T Responden t

shal l indemnif

y an dsav e an dhol dharmles s th e Unite dState s Government , it s agencies , departments , agents , an d employees , fro nan y an dal l claim s o r cause s o f

actio n arisin g fro no r o naccoun t

o f act s o r emission s o f

Responden t

o r it s agents , independen t contractors , receivers , trustees , an dassign s i n carryin g ou t activitie s reouire db y thi s Order
. Thi s indemnificatio n shal l no t b e construe di n an y wa y a s affectin g o r limitin g th e right s o r obligation s o f

Responden t o r th e Unite dState s unde r thei r variou s contracts . EP A i s no t apart y t o an y contrac t

involvin g th e Responden t a t th e Facility
. XIX . FINANCIA

L ASSURANC E 1 . Withi nsixt y (60 ) calenda r day s o f th e effectiv e dat e o f thi s Order , Responden t shal l presen t

t o EP A an dSCCHE C fo r revie w an dapprova l asummar y an danalysi s o f Respondent' s existin g instrument s fo r

financia l assuranc e provision s o f SCEHE C regulation s correspondin g t o 4 0 CF R§§265.14 3 an d265.145 , and/o r an y othe r instrument s tha t

hav e bee nprovide dpreviousl y b y Responden t fo r an y purpos e relate dt o liabilit y coverage , closure , an dpost-closur e car e o f it s Facility
. Responden t shal l als o provid e acop y o f eac hinstrumen t fo r whic hasummar y an danalysi s i s bein g provide di n accordanc e wit h thi s Sectio n XIX . Th e analysi s shal l describ e clearly ; bu t shal l no t h e limite dto , th e followin g items :

a . Th e natur e an dexten t t o whic hthes e instrument s ar e availabl e fo r

acces s b y th e Regiona l Administrato r o f EP A fo r

th e purpos e o f

ensurin g th e completio n o f al l requirement s establishe d pursuan t t o thi s Order , includin g al l Task s describe di n th e Attachment ? ; hereto , an d-26

- h
. Precis e dolla r

amount s tha t

ar e availabl e t o EPA , an d schedule s fo r

thei r availability , fo r

th e above-state dpurposes . Th e amoun t o f fund s availabl e throug hthes e instrument s mus t b e n o les s tha n th e su mo f

fund s tha t

woul db e availabl e i f aseparat e mechanis m ha dbeenestablishe dan dmaintaine dfo r th e financia l assuranc e o f closure , post-closure , liabilit y coverage , an dth e action s require d unde r thi s Order
.

2 . EPA an dSCDHE

C shal l revie w th e sutmitta l an dEPA shal l provid e notic e t o th e Responden t a s t o th e adequac y o f it s existin g financia l assuranc e measure s fo r th e above-state dpurposes , an dshal l indicat e therei n wha t additiona l financia l assurances , i f any , mus t

b e provide db y Responden t t o ensur e complianc e wit hth e term s o f thi s Order
. 3 . Withi nthirt y (30 ) day s o f Respondent' s receip t o f a notic e fra n EP A tha t Respondent' s financia l assuranc e measure s ar e inadequate , Responden t shal l establis h a n irrevocabl e standb y lette r o f credi t o r shal l otherwis e provid e (pe r 4 0 CF R§265.143 ) additiona l financia l assurance s accordin g t o th e term s provide di n sai dnotice
. Suc hadditiona l financia l assuranc e measure s shal l b e availabl e t o EP A t o perfor msuc hterm s o r condition s establishe dpursuan t t o th e Order , provide dtha t prio r t o drawin g upo nan y suc hassuranc e measure , EP A shal l notify th e Responden t i n writin g o f

it s allege dfailur e t o perfor mth e reguirement s o f thi s Orde r an dprovid e Respondent wit haresonabl e tim e perio do f no t les s tha n fiftee n (15 ) calende r day s withi n whic ht o remedy th e allege d nonn e rformance
. 4 . Thi s Orde r i n n o wa y negate s Respondent' s obligatio n t o establis h and/o r maintai n financia l assuranc e fo r closui e an dpost-closur e car e unde r 4 0 CF R§§265.14 3 an d265.145 .-27 - I w i i uu•

_': •

XX . SUBSEQUEN

T MODIFICATIO

N 

### 1 . Thi s Orde r ma

ybe amended . Suchamendment s shal l be 

### i n writing , shal l have a s thei r effective dat e the dat e o n whic hthe y ar e signe d b

yEPA , an

d shal l be incorporate d int o thi s Order . 

### 2 . An yreports , plans , specifications , schedules , an d 

### attachment s require d b ythi s Orde r are , upo

n approva l b

yEPA , incorporated int o thi s Order . An

ynon-canplianc e wit hsuch EPA-approved reports , 

### plans , specifications , schedules , an d attachment s shal l b e considered a 

### violatio n o f the requirement s o f thi s Orde r an d shal l subjec t Responden t t o the penaltyprovision s included i n Sectio n XIV o f thi s Orde r an

d othe r sanctions .



### 3 . N o informa l advice , guidance , suggestions , o r comment s b yEP Aregarding reports , plans , specifications , schedul e an d an yothe r writin g submitte d t o Responden t wil l b e construe d a s relievin g o f Respondent' s obligatio n t o obtai n writte n approval , i f and whe n require d b ythi s Order . XXI . SFVERABILIT Y I f an y provisio n o r

authorit y o f

thi s Orde r

o r th e applica

tio n o f thi s Orde r

t o an y part y o r

circur^tance s i s hel db y an y judicia l o r administrativ e authorit y t o b e invalid , th e applicatio n o f suc h provision s t o othe r

partie s o r

circumstance s an dth e remainde r o f th e Orde r shal l remai ni n forc e an dshal l no t b e affecte dthereby
. XXII . TERMINATIO NAN D SATISFACTIO N Th e provision s o f

thi s Orde r

shal l b e deeme dsatisfie dupo n Respondent' s receip t

o f writte n notic e fro mEP A tha t Responden t

ha s demonstrated , t o th e satisfactio n o f EPA , tha t

th e term s o f

thi s Order , includin g an y-28 -



### additiona l tasks whic hRespondent i s ordered t o undertake , have been satisfactorilycompleted . EP Ashal l issu

e suc h notic e afte r receip t o f notic e b yResoondent tha t i t ha s completed th e requirement s o f th

e Order .

XXIII . NOTIC E O F OPPORTUNIT Y TO REQUEST AHEARIN G 

### In accordanc e wit hSectio n 3008(b ) o f RCRA , 4 2 U.S.C . $6928(b) , th

e Initia l Administrative Orde r shal l becom e fina l unles s Responden t file s an answe r an d reouest s a publi c hearinqi n writing n o 

### late r than thirt y(30 ) days afte r servic e o f the Initia l Administrativ e Orde r an d Notic e o f Opportunit yfo r Hearinq . 

### (a ) The answe r an

d reques t fo r hearing mus t be fille d with : Regiona l Hearing Cler k 34 5 Courtlan

d Street , N.E . Atlanta , Georgi a 3036 5 Acco yo f the answe r an

d reques t fo r hearing an d copie s o f an ysubsequen t document s file d i n thi s actio n shoul d be sent t o Offic e o f Regiona l Counsel , a t the sam e address . The answe r mus t explai n eac hfactua l allegatio n tha t i s contested an d fo r whic hth e hearing i s requested , wit h specificity , raising al l issue s regarding appropriatenes s o f the terms o f the Orde r includin g an yproposal s fo r modification s o f th e Order . Responden t mus t als o submi t affidavit s an d 

### exhibit s tha t suppor t an yo f it s allegations , claim s o r defens e a t the tim e tha t i t file s an answer . An yhearing s o n th e Orde r wil l b e conducte d i n accordanc e wit hth e attache d provisions .



### (b ) Respondent' s failur e t o fil e a writte n notic e an d reoues t a hearing withi n thirty(30 ) days o f servic e o f thi s Orde r an d Notic e o f Opportunityfo r Hearin g wil l constitut e a bindin g admissio n 

### o f £i l allegation s containe d i n th e Ordo r an d a waive r o f Respondent' s righ t t o a hearing .-29

-

XXIV . SETTLEMEN

T CONFERENC E 

### Whethe r o r no t Responden t request s a hearing , an informa l conferenc e ma

yb e requeste

d i n orde r t o discus s th e fact s o f thi s cas e an d t o arriv

e a t settlement . To reques t a n informa l conferenc e contact : 

### R . Wayne Le e Offic e o f Regiona l Counse l EPA , Region IV 

### 34 5 Courtlan

d Stree t Atlanta , Georgi a 3036 5 

### Areques t fo r an informa l conferenc e doe s no t exten d the thirt y(30 ) da

yperiod during whic ha writte n answe r an d reques t fo r a 

### hearin g mus t be submitted . The informa l conferenc e procedur e ma ybe pursued simultaneousl ywit hthe adjudicator ^ hearin g procedure .

XXV . EFFECTIV

E DAT E 

### Thi s Orde r shal l becom e effectiv e thirty(30 ) day s afte r i t i s serve d unles s Responden t request s a publi c hearin g pursuan t t o RCR A Sectio n 3008(b) , 4 2 U.S.C . §6928(b) .

I T I S ORDERED : BY:

_^ U.S . Environmenta l Protectio n Agenc y X'V X Date Effective Date :Syste m

Quatcrn.ir', ' Serie s

Pleistocen e Formatio n

Terrac e Deposit s Descriptio n

Light-gray , tan , orange , re d an dblac k cla y

interbedde dwit h sandandgravel . Deposit s for m a thi ncove r ove r greate r por tio no f Coasta l Plain . ffydrologi c Characteristic s Whe npresent , comprise s shallow , uncon fine dt o semi-confine daquife r system . Probabl y

wil l yiel dsufficien t wate r fo r domesti c use . Th e wate r i s gen erall y hard , acidic , andcontain s hig h iron . Peede e Dark-gree nt o gray , micaceous ,

glauconitic , argillaciou s san d interbedde dwit himpur e lime ston e an dmassiv e dar kclays . Deposit s unde r openmarin e conditions , probabl y a t depth s o f no t les s tha n10 0 fathoms . Artesia naquifer . Yield s ar e highl y variable , bu t shoul dsuppl y enough wate r fo r domesti c an dligh t indus tria l purposes * Wate r qualit y i s als o variable , but-i s considered poor a t th

e coas t wit hhighcon centration s o f iron , calcium , magnesium , andhydroge nsulfide . Cretaceou s Uppe r

Cretaceou s Blac kCree k Dark-gra y t o black , laminate d ligniti c clay s interbedde d wit hwhite-to-gra y

phosphatic , glauconiti c sand . Deposited i nshallow

marine , estaurine , an dpaluda l environments . Major artesianaquifer . Well s yiel d sufficien t quantitie s t o serve smal l publi c wate r systems . Ofte nutilize d wit hmulti-aquife r wel l screens . •Wate r qualit y

i s generall y

good , bu t locall y ha s highIro

nan dflooride . Middendor f Gray , buff , andred , arkosic , cross-bedde dsan dan dgravel , interbedde dwit hlense s o f whit e an dpurpl e cla y an d kaolin . Mixe dcontinenta l an dmarin e environmen t char acterize db

y fluvial , deltaic , an dlittora l deposits . Majo r artesianaquifer . -Larg e diamete r well s yiel dsufficien t quantitie s (u

pt o 200 0 gpm ) t o suppl y municipa l systems . The wate r i s slightl y

acidic , andofte n hig hi niron * overal l goo dquality . Contain s saline wate r i nHorry an d Georgetow

nCounties . 

### c. .



### Tabl e I . Stat1graph1 c unit s o f the Middl e Coasta l Plai n o f Sout hCarolina , Florenc e County ,

Descriptio n fro

mJohnson , 1964 )

### Wel l No.(an ddept h B8 2 i n f*et ) 

### Pentachloropheno l (PCP ) Tota

l Phenol s polynuclea r Aronati c 

### Hydrocarbon s (PAHs ) 3 (22 ) 3/16/8 2 4/26/8 2 6 A (24 ) 3/16/8 2

4/26/6 2 3/16/82 8 (22 ) 3/16/82 4/26/8 2 1 1 (22 ) 3/16/82

4/26/8 2 14 A (21 ) 3/16/8 2

4/26/8 2 1 7 (22 ) 3/16/8 2

4/27/8 2 0.1 3

0.1 4 0.5 3 0.5 4 0.03 1 0.2 5 0.3 8 2. 1 2. 5 0.8 3 1. 8 0.6 6 1. 2 0.08 7 0.10 2 0.6 8 0.14 4 0.09 4 16. 9 6. 9 4.8 5 2.0 8 5.2 4 28. 4 •0.9 3 0.8 5 7.09 0

15.36 0

7.83 0 8.88 0 9.83 0 8.08 0 4.66 0 5.42 0 *980 0 '5. 2 •830. 0 

### Al l concentration s are i n mg/ 1

• . • ' * • *Sarple dat

Recipient' s propert

y lin e at

adept ho f 2 0 feet
. Thi s informatio n wa s obtaine dfrb aRappers ' Exposur e Informatio nReport , Augus t 1985 . 

### • - Denote s n o availabl e analytica l data
. 

### Tabl e II . Analytica l Result s fro mon-sit e wells
.

(Fro mL.B.G. , Inc.) .

### Wel l No . Date SailedPhenol s Naphthalen e Pentachlorcpheno l Ttotal PAH s

2 

### 3 4 6 

### 9 2 1 2 4 2 5 3 2 . 1/03/8 3

4/12/8 3 1/03/8 3 

### 2/08/8 3 1/03/8 3 

### 2/08/8 3 1/03/8 3 2/08/8 3 1/04/8 3 1/04/8 3 1/04/8 3 4/12/8 3 4/12/8 3 4/13/8 3 *

* 0.04 • 

### 0.0 3 • \ 0.2 5 - * 

### 0. 1 0.0 2 0.0 4 .006 0. 2 * *

* 

### 0.120 * 0.6 4 9.20 * * 75. 0 .055 .07 0.0011

*

• ' 0.00 1

*

* 0.00 1 

### 0.001 5 0.004 5 * 0.002 9 

### *

0.06 6 0.0 3

• 0.02 6 0.1 7

7. 4

*



### *Denote s concentratio

n les s tha

n detectio

n limits . —Denote s no availabl e analytica l dat a Al l concentrations ar e i n mg/ 1 

### Tabl e III . Analytica l result s fro n selecte d off-sit e privat e wells , 

### (Fro mL.B.G. , Inc.) .CTT YOF FLORENC E



### Figur e 1 . Locatio n o f majo r water-suppl ywell s withi n 3 mile s o f th e facility .

(fro mLeggette , brashear s an d Graham , Inc. , 1986 )GENERATIO N AN D STORAG E

ANEA S . . APPROXIMAT E LOCATIO N



### Figur e 2 . Sit e Ma p wit hLocatio n o f RCR Aunit s an d SWMU's .I ! U



### F- : our e ?a : (INSET ) Locatio n o f PCR Aunit s an d SHMU's .ff i 

# M illiiji;; : l 1 \ 

# ! 

# :|' 1 

# V w ^ 

### 'i 1 

### ! 1 

### ! 1 

### I'l'ji j 

# WN 1 

# •:!•!;!; ! I 1 

# i ll

- J 5 5 

# ^ t ! • • 

# lH I$ ; t i 5 

# 1

e ^ "

o «/ ) Q J O

. O

.

IS ) I/ )



# a 1 C D

M0i3 e'H V 

# r



# l



# i

' 

# n 

# b « i • i / / / 1 ; :



### . : 

### .'-1!'!!i i 

# 2 33Vab0 6 e C 9 • c a

o o 0 ) Ot D

. O

«£ C O ( J OJ V ) CO O u * & o

* 0 < D O ) ^ O) 1 0 QiI

V.OT3 B

### KOPPER S COMPANY . INC . FORES TPRODUCT

S GROU P FLORENCE . SOUTH CAROLIN A



### Figur e 5 . Elevatio n o f th e wate r tabl e 1 n th

e 2 0 foo t dept hzon

e Oct . 29 . 1985 . Hel l Locations .KC I FACUITY B83- * •»M9fllH*T t l«H » MUTACt

•MM.to w•*• ••ei» Tten t

,MMM l KOPPER S COMPANY . INC . FORES TPRODUCT

S OROU P FLORENCE . SOUT N CAROLIN A CONCEPTUALIZE D CROS S SECTIONA L FLO W DIAGRA M -•IS O

12 8

to o

>

_ 

### o

80 

### o 

# S

HORIZONTA L SCAL E VERTICA L SCAL E • * • rtt t

•••nWMIB^V ^ 

### Figur e 6 . Conceptualize d cros s sectio n flowdiagram . (Fro mL.B.G. , Inc. , 1986 )ATTACHMEN T A Scope o f Work fo r the Implementatio n o f Interi mMeasure s A t Kopper s Company , Inc .! ^ i i I. . L Scope o f Work fo r the Implementatio n o f Interi mMeasure s A t Kopper s Company , IN

C Purpos e InterimMeasure s ar e implemented s o a s t o mitiqat e a potentia l threa t t o human healt h an

d the environment . InterimMeasure s mus t b e consisten t wit h an d integrate d int o an

ylon g ter msolution a t the facility . The Interi mMeasure s t o be implemented a t the Facilit yconsis t o f the following tasks : Tas k I : Implementatio n o f Interi mMeasure s A . Interi mMeasure s Workpla n B . Interi mGround-Wate r Contro l Syste m C . Wel l Emplacemen t D . Report s Task I ; IMPLEMENTATIO NO F INTERI M MEASURE S Th e Responden t shal l submi t a workpla n whic h include s th e plan s and specificatio n fo r the implementatio n o f a interi mgroundwate r recover yan d treatmen t progra

man d emplacemen t o f monitoring well s downgradien t o f th e Facility . A . Interi mMeasure s Wor k Plan Th e Work Pla n shal l include : 1 . Objective s o f the interi mmeasures : howthe measur e i s mitigatin g a potentia l threa t t o human healt hand th e environmen t and i s consisten t wit han d integrate d int o an

ylon g ter msolutio n a t th e facility ; 2 . Design , construction , operation , maintenanc e an d monitorin g requirement s o f the interi mgroundwate r recover yan d treatmen t system ; 3 . Detailed , ste

p b yste p methodolog

yan d schedule s fo r the emplacemen t o f the propose

d monitorin g wells . B . Interi mGround-Wate r Contro l Syste m Responden t shal l implemen t an interi mgroundwate r contro l syste mdesigne d 

### t o contro l th e downgradien t migratio n o f hazardou s constituent s detecte d i n the groundwate r monitoring system . The interi mgroundwate r contro l syste mwil l includ e th e remova l o f qroundwate r fro mth e CERCL

Aplace d recover ywell s (TRW-1 , TRW-2s , TRW-2d ) a t th e downgradien t edg e o f th e facility . Th

p purpos e o f thi s interi mmeasur e i s t o initiat e groundwate r 

### recover yi n area s tha t hav e show n contamination ._ 2

- ' o i i U^

Responden t shal l emplo ya tenporar

ywastewate r treatmen t syste mi f a permanen t on e i s no t available , tha t render s the recovered groundwate r non-hazardous . Responden t shal l construct/implemen t the treatmen t progra m immediatel yupon receivin g writte n approva l fro mEP Aan d SCDHEC . Ihe Responden t shal l desig

n an d operat e the treatmen t progra ms o a s t o minimiz e the impac t on the environmen t (e.g . release s t o the atmosphere) , an d t o operat e i n complianc e wit hal l applicabl e Federal , Stat e an d Loca l laws an

d regulations . 

### I n th e even t Responden t i s no t abl e t o construc t th e temporar

ywastewate r treatmen t syste

mi n the tim

e fram e stipulated i n the Facilit ySubmissio n Summary , the n Responden t shal l dispos e o f extracte d groundwate r offsite . The selecte

d treatmen t and/or disposa l facilit ymus t be i n complianc e wit hal l applicabl e Federal , Stat e an d Loca l laws an

d regulations . C . Wel l Emplacemen t Responden t shal l instal l thre e (3 ) monitoring well s o r wel l clusters , screene d a t depth s mos t appropriat e t o intercep t contaminan t migration , sout h o f Palmett o Stree t (Hwy . 76/301 ) an d southwes t o f th

e Kopper s Facilit y(i.e . betwee n the Pine Stree t Wel l an d the Kopper s Facility) . Criteri a fo r determinin g appropriat e screen depth s shoul d includ e bu t no t be limite d to , determinatio n o f zone s o f highe r conductivit yan d storag e capacit yfo r wate r solubl e constituents , an d determinatio n o f to p o f bedroc k o r lowe r zone s o f increased conductivit yfo r immicibl e constiuents . Apla n fo r thes e well s mus t b e submitte d fo r approva l b y EP Aan d SCDHEC . D . Report s The Responden t shal l prepar e plans , specifications , an d report s a s se t fort hi n Tas k I t o documen t th e design , construction , operation , maintenanc e an

d monitorin g o f the interi mmeasures . The documentatio n shal l include , bu t no t b e limite d t o th e following : 1 . Progres s Th e Responden t shal l a t a minimu mprovid e th e EP Awit h signed , monthl y progres s report s containing : a . Adescriptio n an

d estimat e o f the percentag e o f the I M completed ; b . Summarie s o f al l findings ; c . Summarie s o f al l change s mad e i n the I M durin g the reportin g period ; d . Summarie s o f al l contact s wit hrepresentative s o f the loca l community , publi c interes t group s o r Stat e governmen t durin g th e reportin g period ; 

### e . Summarie s o f al l problems o r potentia l problem s encountere d durin g th e reporting periods ; f . Action s bein g tok wt o rectif yoroblems ; g . Chang e i n personne l durin g th ^ reportin g period ;

### _ _i \ j i i U'. . - ( h . Projected wor

k fo r the nex t reportin g period ; an

d i . Copie s o f dail yreports , inspection reports , laboratory/monitorin g 

### data , etc . Draft s a . The Responden t shal l submi t a draf t Interi mMeasur e Wor k Plan a s outline d i n Task I-A ; b . At the completion o f the monitoring wel l installation , the Responden t shal l submi t an InterimMeasure s Implementatio n Repor t t o the EP

Aan d SCDHEC . The Repor t shal l documen t tha t the projec t i s consisten t wit hthe design specifictions , an d tha t the interi mmeasure s ar e performin g adequately . Th

e Repor t shal l include , bu t no t be limite d t o the followin g elements : i ) Synopsi s o f the interi mmeasure s an d certificatio n o f the 

### desig n an

d construction ? ii ) Explanatio n o f an ymodification s t o th e plan s an d wh ythes e 

### wer e necessar

yfo r the project ; iii ) Listing o f th e criteria , establishe d befor e th e interi m measure s wer e initiated , fo r judgin g the functioning o f th e interi mmeasure s and als o explainin g an ymodificatio n t o thes e criteria ; iv ) Result s o f facilit ymonitoring , indicatin g tha t th e interi m measure s wil l mee t o r excee d the performanc e criteria ; an d v ) Explanatio n o f th e operation and maintenanc e (includin g monitoring ) t o b e undertake n a t th e facility . Thi s repor t shal l includ e th e inspection sum-nar

yreports , inspectio n dat a sheets , proble midentificatio n and correctiv e measur e reports , block evaluatio n reports , photographi c reporting dat a sheets , design engineers ' acceptanc e reports , deviation s fro mdesign an

d materia l specification s (withjustifying documentation ) and a s buil t drawings . Fina l Th e Responden t shal l finaliz e th e Interi mMeasure s Wor k Pla n an

d th e Interi mMeasure s Implementation Repor t incorporatin g comment s received fro mEP Aan d SCDHE C o n draf t submissions . The pla n an d repor t wil l becom e fina l upon EP

Aapproval .-4

-

Facilit ySubmission Summar y Asummar yo f the information reportin g requirement s containe d i n the Interim Mearsure s Scop

e o f Work i s present below : Facilit ySubmission Due Date * Submi t Wbrkplan :

- objectives , interi mgroundwate r recover yspecifications , wel l emplacemen t methodolog yan d schedules . Complet e constructio

n o f interim ground-wate r recover

yan d treatmen t syste man d begi n operation . Complet e installatio n o f 3 monitorin g well s South o f Palmett o Street .

Draf t I M Repor t Fina l I M Repor t Progres s Report s 2 0 days fro mthe effectiv e dat e o f thi s Order . 4 0 days fro mapprova l o f I M Workplan . 4 5 day s fro mapprova l o f I M Workplan | Upo n completio n o f installatio n 1 of. c 3 nonitortaiT' well s state d above . 1 5 day s afte r EPAcomment s on Draf t I M Repor t MONTHL Y *A1 1 date s ar e calculate d fro mth e dat e o f EPAapprova l o f th e I M Wbrkpla n unles s otherwis e specified .ATTACHMEN T B SCOP E O F WOR

K FO R ARCR AFACILIT

Y INVESTIGATIO

N(RFI ) AT KOPPER S COMPANY , INC .

## -1

- SCOP E O F WOR

K FOR ARCR

AFACILIT

Y INVESTIGATIO

N(RFI ) A l KOPPERS COMPANY , INCORPORATE D PURPOS E The purpos e o f thi s RCR AFacilit yInvestigatio n i s t o determin e the 

### natur e an

d exten t o f release s o f hazardou s wast e o r constituent s fro m regulated units , soli d wast e managemen t units , an d othe r sourc e area s a t th e facilityan

d t o gathe r al l necessar ydat a t o suppor t th

e Correctiv

e Measure s Study . The Responden t shal l furnis h al l personnel , materials , 

### an d service s necessar

yfor , o r incidenta l to , performin g the RCR

A FacilityInvestigation a t Kopper s Company , Incorporated . The Responden t shal l prepar e plan s an d conduc t investigation s tha t satisf ythe task s liste d below , whic h ar e mor e specificall ydevelope d i n th e followin

g pages . Suc h plan s an d investigation s shal l b e submitte d 

### pursuan t t o the "Scop e o f Work " foun d a t Sectio n VI . SCOP E Th e RCR AFacilit yInvestigatio n consist s o f seve n tasks : Tas k I : Descriptio n o f Curren t Condition s

A . Facilit yBackgroun d B . Natur e and Exten t o f Contaminatio n C . Implementatio n o f Groundwate r Recover y Tas k II : Pre-Investigatio n Evaluatio n o f Correctiv e Measur e Technologie s Task III : RF I Workpla n Requirement s A . Projec t Managemen t Pla n B . Dat a Collectio n Qualit yAssuranc e Pla n C . Dat a Managemen t Plan D . Healt han

d Safet yPlan E . Cormunit yRelation s Plan F . Endangermen t Assessmen t Tas k IV : Facilit yInvestigatio n

A . Environmenta l Setting B . Sourc e Characterizatio n C . Contaminen t Characterization D . Potentia l Recepto r Identificatio n Tas k V : Investigatio n Analysi s

A . Draf t and Fina l Repor t B . Protection Standard s Tas k VI : Laborator

yan d Bench-Rcal e Studie s Tas k VII : Report s *

A . Preliminaryand Werkpla n 

### B . Progres s C . Draf t an d Fina l-2

-

Tas k I ; Description o f Curren t Condition s The Responden t shal l submi t fo r EP Aapprova l a repor t providing the backgroun d information pertinen t t o the facility , contaminatio n an d interi mmeasur e a s 

### se t fort hbelow . The dat a gathere d durin g an ypreviou s investigation s o r inspection s an

d othe r relevan t dat a shal l be included . A . Facilit yBackgroun d The Respondent' s repor t shal l sunmariz e the regiona l location , pertinen t 

### boundar yfeatures , genera l facilit yphysiography , hydrogeology , an d historica l us e o f the facilit yfo r the treatment , storage o r disposa l o f soli d an d hazardou s waste . The Respondent' s repor t shal l include : 1 . Ama p fo r each itemliste d below : NOTE : The north arro

wmus t poin t t o the to p o f the page . a . Genera l geographi c location ; 

### b . Genera l cross-sectiona l ma p c . Propert

ylines , wit hthe owner s o f al l adjacen t propertyclearl y 

### indicated ; d . Topograph

y(witha contou

r interva l o f te n (10 ) fee t wit h5 foo t supplimentals , and a scal e o f 1 inc h= 10 0 feet) , waterways , al l wetlands , floodplains , wate r features , drainag e patterns , and surface-wate r containmen t areas ; e . Asoi l surve

ymap o f th e entir e sit e wit ha scal e o f 1 inc h= 10 0 feet ; f . Al l tanks , building , utilities , pave d areas , easements , rights-of-way , an

d othe r feature s withi n th e propertyboundaries ; g . Al l soli d o r hazardou s wast e treatment , storag e o r disposa l area s activ e afte r Novembe r 19 , 1980 ; h . Al l know

n pas t soli d o r hazardou s wast e treatment , storag e o r disposa l area s regardles s o f whethe r the ywer e activ e on Novembe r 19 , 1980 ; i . Al l know

n pas t an

d presen t produc t an

d wast e underground tank s o r piping ; j . Surrounding land use s (residential , commercial , agricultural , 

### recreational) ; an

d k . The locatio n o f al l production , recover yan d groundwate r moni

toring wells , includin g bu t no t limite d t o RCR Aand CERCL

Awells . Thes e well s shal l b e clearl ylabele d wit hground and top o f casin g elevation s include d (thes e elevation s ma yb e include d a s a n attachment) . 1 . Area l photograph s o f th e entir e facilit yon e norma l ligh t ^n> 1 on e 

### infra-red .

## ~ 3 

## ~ ' i o i i Uu 4. ' Al l map s shal l be consisten t wit hthe requirement s se t forth i n 4 0 CFR §270.1 4 an

d be o f sufficien t detai l an d accurac

yt o locat e an d repor t al l curren t an d futur e work performe d a t the site ; 

### al l northarrows shoul d be perpendicula r t o the edg e o f the page ; 2 . Ahistor

yan d descriptio n o f ownershi p an d operation an

d soli d an d hazardou s wast e generation , treatment , storag e an d disposa l 

### activitie s a t the facility ; 3 . Date s o r period s (subsequent t o Novembe r 198 0 an d t o th e exten t know n o r otherwis e ascertainabl e fo r period s prio r thereto ) o f 

### pas t produc t an

d wast e spills , identificatio n o f the hazardou s waste s an

d hazardou s wast e constituent s spilled , the amoun t spilled , the locatio

n wher e spilled , an

d a descriptio

n o f the respons e action s conducted (local , state , o r federa l respons e 

### unit s o r privat e parties) , including an yinspection report s o r technica l report s generate d a s a resul t o f the response ; an d 4 . Asummar

yo f pas t permit s requested and/o r received , an y enforcement action s an d thei r subsequent response s an d a lis t o f document s an

d studie s prepared fo r the facility . B . Natur e an

d Exten t o f Contaminatio n Th e Responden t shal l prepar e an d submi t fo r EPAan

d SCDHE C approva l a preliminaryrepor t describing th e existin g informatio n o n th e natur e an

d exten t o f contaminatio n a t o r fro mth e facility . 1 . The Respondent' s repor t shal l summariz e al l possibl e sourc e area s o f contamination . This , a t a minimum , shal l includ e al l regulate d units , soli d wast e managemen t units , spil l areas , an d othe r suspecte d sourc e area s o f contamination . Fo r eac hwast e managemen t unit , th e Responden t shal l submi t t o EPAand SCDHE C a lis t identifyin g al l wast e streams an

d wast e material s subjec t t o storage , treatment , o r disposa l i n eac hwast e managemen t unit . Th e lis t shal l includ e al l waste s destine d fo r th e unit , whethe r i t i s hazardou s o r nonhazardous . A t a minimum , th e Responden t shal l identif yth e following : a . Location o f unit/are a (whichshal l b e depicte d o n a facilit y map) ; b . Quantitie s o f soli d an d hazardou s wastes ; c . Hazardou s wast e o r constituents , t o the exten t known ; an d d . Identificatio n o f area s wher e additiona l informatio n i s necessary . 

### 2 . The Responden t shal l prepar e an assessmen t an d descriptio n o f the existin g degre e an

d exten t o f contaminatio n a t o r fro mth e facility . Thi s shoul d include : a . Availabl e monitorin g dat a and qualitativ e informatio n o n loca

tion s an d level s o f contaminatio n a t th e facility , includin g bot han area l an

d cross-sectiona l vie wo f p'um e .->xteri«

- (defin e a zero line) ;-4

-

b . A n Endangermen t Assessmen t Repor t a s outlined i n Task III . 

### c . Aminimu

mo f thre e cross-sectiona l map s wit ha t leas t 2 o f the transect s a t righ t angle s t o eac hothe r delineatin g loca l geology , wit h plume exten t super-impose d (define a zer

o lin e fo r plume) . d . Al l potentia l migratio n pathways includin g informatio

n on geology , pedology , hydrogeology , wate r quality , meterology , an d ai r quality ; an

d e . Th e potentia l impact(s ) o n human health an

d th e environment , including demography , groun d wate r an

d surfac e wate r use , an d lan d use , includin

g samplin

g o f loca l cit

ywells .

TAS K II ; PRE-INVESTIGATIO NEVALUATIO

NOF CORRECTIV

E MEASURE TECHNOLOGIE S Prio r t o startin

g the facilityinvestigation , the Respondent shal l submi t t o EPAa repor t tha t identifie s th e potentia l correctiv e measur e technologie s tha t ma ybe used on-sit e o r off-sit e fo r the containment , treatment , remedia

tion , and/o r disposa l o f contamination . Thi s repor t shal l als o identif yan y field , laboratory , bench o r pilo t scal e dat a tha t need s t o be collected i n th e facilit yinvestigatio n t o facilitat e th e evaluatio n an d selectio n o f th e fina l corrective measur e o r measure s (e.g. , compatibilit yo f wast e an d con structio n materials , informatio n t o evaluat e effectiveness , treatabilit yo f wastes , etc.) . TAS K III ; RF I WORKPLA NREQUIREMENT S Th e Responden t shal l prepar e a RCR AFacilit yInvestigatio n (RFI ) workplan . Thi s RF I Workpla n shal l includ e th e developmen t o f severa l plans , whic h shal l b e prepare d concurrently . During th e RCR AFacilit yInvestigation , i t ma ybe necessar

yt o revis e the RF I Workplan t o increas e o r decreas e th e detai l o f informatio n collecte d t o accomodat e th e facilit yspecifi c situation . Th e RF I Workplan include s th e following : A . Projec t Managemen t Plan Th e RF I Workplan shal l contai n a Projec t Managemen t Plan whic hshal l-5

-

includ e a discussion o f th e technica l approach , schedules , budget , an d personnel . The Projec t Managemen t Plan shal l als o includ e a descriptio n o f gualification s o f personne l performin g o r directin g th e RFI , includin g contracto r personnel . Thi s pla n shal l als o documen t the overal l managemen t approach t o the RCR AFacilit y 

### Investigation . B . Dat a Collection Qualit yAssuranc e Plan Th e RF I Workpla

n shal l includ e a plan t o documen t al l monitoring performed durin g the investigatio n t o characteriz e the environmenta l setting , source , an

d contamination , s o a s t o ensur e tha t al l information , dat a an

d resultin

g decision s ar e technicall ysound , 

### statisticall yvalid , an d properlydocumented . 1 . Dat a Collectio n Strateg y The strateg

ysectio n o f the Dat a Collectio n Qualit yAssuranc e Pla n shal l includ e bu t no t b e limite d t o th e following :



### a . Descriptio n o f the intende d use s fo r the data , an d the necessar yleve l o f precisio n an d accuracyfo r thes e intende d uses ; b . Descriptio n o f method s an d procedure s t o be use d t o asses s the precision , accuracyan d completenes s o f th e measuremen t data ; c . Descriptio n o f the rational e used t o assur e tha t the dat a 

### accuratel yand precisel yrepresen t a characteristi c o f a population , paramete r variation s a t a samplin g point , a proces s conditio n o r an environmenta l condition . Exampl e o f factor s whic hshal l b e considere d an d discusse d include : i ) Environmenta l condition s a t th e tim e o f sampling ; ii ) Numbe r o f sampling points ; iii ) Representativenes s o f selected media ; an d iv ) Representativenes s o f selecte d analytica l parameters . d . Descriptio n o f the measure s t o be take n t o assur e tha t the following dat a set s can b e compared t o eac h other :i ) RF I dat a generate d b ythe Owner/Operato r ove r sem e time period ; 

### ii ) RF I dat a generated b ya n outside laborator

yo r consultan t versu s dat a generate d b ythe Owner/Operator ; iii ) Dat a generated b yseparat e consultant s o r laboratories ; 

### an d iv ) Dat a generate

d b ya n outside consultant o r laborator y ove r som e time period . e . Detail s relating t o the schedul e an d informatio n t o be provide d i n qualit yassuranc e reports . The report s shoul d includ e bu t no t be limite d to : i ) Periodi c assessmen t o f measuremen t dat a accuracy , precision , an d completeness ; ii ) Result s o f performanc e audits ; 

### iii ) Result s o f syste

maudits ; iv ) Significan t qualit yassuranc e problems and recommende d solutions , an

d v ) Resolution s o f previousl ystated problefms . 2 . Samplin g Th e Samplin g sectio n o f th e Dat a Collectio n Qualit yAssuranc e Plan shal l discuss : a . Selectin

g appropriat e sampling locations , depths , etc. ; b . Providin g a statisticall ysufficien t numbe r o f sampling sites ; c . Measuring al l necessar yancillar

ydata ; d . Determining condition s unde r whic hsampling shoul d b e conducted ; e . Determinin g whic hmedi a ar e t o be sampled (e.g. , groun d water , 

### air , soil , sediment , etc.) ; f . Determinin g whic hparameter s ar e t o b e measure d an d where ; g . Selectin g the frequenc yo f samplin g an

d lengt ho f samplin g

. . period ;-7

-

h . Selecting th

e type s o f sampl e (e.q. , composite s vs . grabs ) an d numbe r o f sample s t o be collected ; i . Measure s t o be take n t o preven t contaminatio n o f the sampling 

### equipmen t an

d cros s contaminatio n betwee n sampling points ; j . Documentin

g fiel d sampling operation s an d procedures , including ; i ) Documentatio n o f procedure s fo r preparation o f reagent s o r supplie s whic h becom e a n integra l par t o f the sampl e (e.g. , filters , an d adsorbin

g reagents) ; 

### ii ) Procedure s an

d forms fo r recordin

g the exac t location an d specifi c consideration s associated wit hsampl e acquisition ; iii ) Documentation o f specifi c sampl e preservatio n method ; iv ) Calibratio n o f fiel d devices ; v ) Collectio n o f replicat e samples ; vi ) Submissio n o f field-biase d blanks , wher e appropriate ; 

### vii ) Potentia l interference s presen t a t th e facililty ; viii ) Construction material s an d techniques , associate d wit hmonitoring well s and piezometers ; ix ) Fiel d equipmen t listin g an d sampl e containers ; x ) Samplin g order ; and xi ) Decontaminatio n procedures , k . Selecting appropriat e sampl e containers ; 1 . Sampl e preservation ; an d m . Chain-of-custody , including : i ) Standardize d fiel d trackin g reporting form s t o establis h sampl e custod yi n the fiel d prio r t o shipment ; an d ii ) Pre-prepared sampl e label s containin g al l informatio n necessar yfo r effective sampl e tracking . 3 . Fiel d Measurement s Th e Fiel d Measurement s sectio n o f th e Dat a Collectio n Qualit y \s^urarc e Pla

n chal l discuss : a . Selectin g appropriat e fiel d measurenen t locations , depths , etc. ; b . -Pro/idin g a statisticall ysufficien t numbe r o f fiel dc . Measurin g al l necessar yancillarydata ; d . Determinin

g condition s unde r whic h fiel d measuremen t shoul d 

### be conducted ; e . Determinin

g whic h medi a ar e t o be addresse d b yappropriat e fiel d measurement s (e.g. , groun d water , air , soil , sediment , etc.) ; 

### f . Determining whic hparameter s ar e t o be measured an d whe g . Selectin

g th e frequenc

yo f fiel d measurement an d lengt h 

### o f fiel d measurement s period ; an d h . Documentin

g fiel d measurement operations an d procedures , including : 

### i ) Procedure s an

d form s fo r recordin

g ra wdat a an

d th e exac t location , time , an d facility-specifi c consideration s associated wit hth e dat a acquisition ; ii ) Calibratio n o f fiel d devices ; iii ) Collectio n o f replicat e measurements ; iv ) Submissio n o f field-biase d blanks , wher e appropriate ; v ) Potentia l interference s presen t a t th e facility ; vi ) Constructio n material s and technique s associate d wit h monitorin g well s an

d piezometer s us e t o collec t fiel d data ; vii ) Fiel d equipmen t listing ; viii ) Orde r i n whic hfiel d measurement s wer e made ; and ix ) Decontaminatio n procedures . 4 . Sampl e Analysi s Th e Sampl e Analysi s section o f th e Dat a Collectio n Qualit y Assuranc e Pla

n shal l specifythe following : a . Chain-of-custod

yprocedures , including : i ) Identificatio n o f a responsibl e part yt o ac t a s sampl e 

### custodian a t th e laborator yfacilit yauthorized t o sig n fo r incomin

g fiel d samples , obtai n document s o f shipments , an

d verif ythe dat a entered ont o the sampl e custod

yrecords ;

• ' ii ) Provisio n fo r a laborator ysampl e custod

ylo g consisting o r seriall ynumbere d standar d lab

trac k i ri g j/epor

t sheetc : an

d iil ) Soec'ficatio n ^ f laborator ysampl e custod

yprocedur2 s analysis . " - b . Sampl e storag e and holdin g times ;c . Sampl e preparatio n methods ; d . Analytica l procedures , including ; i ) Scope an

d applicatio n o f the procedure ; ii ) Sampl e matrix ; 

### iii ) Potentia l interferences ; iv ) Precision an

d accurac

yo f the methodology ; an d 

### v ) Metho d detectio n limits , e . Calibratio n procedure s an d frequency ; f . Dat a reduction , validatio n an d reporting ; g . Interna l qualit ycontro l checks , laborator yperformanc e an

d system s audit s an

d frequency , including : i ) Metho d blank(s) ; ii ) Laborator

ycontro l sample(s) ; iii ) Calibratio n chec k sample(s) ; iv ) Replicat e sample(s) ; v ) Matrix-spike d samples(s) ; vi ) "Blind " qualit ycontro l sanple(s) ; vii ) Contro l charts ; viii ) Surrogat e samples ; ix ) Zer o an

d spa n gases ; an

d x ) Reagen t qualit ycontro l checks . Aperformanc e audi t wil l b e conducte d b yU.S . EPAo n th e laboratorie s selected b ythe Respondent . Thi s audi t mus t be completed an

d approved prio r t o the facilityinvestigation . h . Preventiv e maintenanc e procedure s an d schedules ; 

### i . Corrective Actio n (fo r laborator

yproblems) ; an

d j . Turnaroun

d time . C . Dat a Managemen t Pla n Th e Responden t shal l develo p and initiat e a Dat e Managemen t Pla n t o documen t and trac k investigatio n dat a jn J results . Thi s pla n shal l identif yan

d se t up . dat a dpcu.nentation material s an d procedures , projec t fil e rerruirements , and-project-relate d progres s reporting procedure s and documents . Th e pla n shal l als o provid e th e forma t t o b e use d t o presen t th e rawdat a an d conclusion s o f th e investi

-

## -ID - i o i , ui j

gatio n 1 . Dat a Record The dat a recor

d shal l includ e the following : 

### a . Uniqu e sampl e o r fiel d measuremen t code ; b . Samplin

g o r fiel d measuremen t locatio n an d sampl e o r measuremen t type ; 

### c . Samplin

g o r fiel d measuremen t ra wdata ; d . Laborator

yanalysi s I D number ; e . Propert

yo r componen t measured ; an d 

### f . Resul t o f analysi s (e.g. , concentration) . 2 . Tabula r Display s Th e followin

g dat a shal l b e presented i n tabula r displays : a . Unsorte d (raw ) data ; b . Result s fo r each medium , o r fo r eac h constituen t monitored ; c . Dat a reductio n fo r statistica l analysis ; 

### d . Sorting o f dat a b

ypotentia l stratificatio n factor s (e.g , location , soi l layer , topography) ; an d e . Summar

ydata . 3 . Graphica l Display s Th e following dat a shal l b e presente d i n graphica l format s (e.g . , ba r graphs , lin e graphs , are a o r pla n maps , isoplet h plots , cross-sectiona l plot s or transects , thre e dimensiona l graphs , etc.) : a . Displa

ysamplin

g locatio

n an d samplin

g grid ; 

### b . Indicat e boundarie s o f sampling area , an d area s wher e mor e dat a ar e required ; c . Displays level s o f contamination a t eac h samplin

g location ; 

### d . Displa

ygeographica l exten t o f contamination ; e . Displa

ycontaminatio n levels , averages , an d maxima ; 

### f . Illustrat e change s i n concentratio n i n relatio n t o distanc e fro m tii e source , time , dept h o r otne r parameters ; g . Indicat e feature s affecting intramedi a t,-ans;:>or t an d shcv



### potentia l receptors .

## -11

-

D . Healt h an

d Safet yPla n Th e Responden t shal l prepar e a facilit yHealt han d SafetyPlan . 

### 1 . Majo r element s o f th e Health an

d Safet yPla n shal l include : a . Facilit ydescriptio n including availabilit yo f resource s suc ha s roads , wate r supply , electricit yan d telephon

e 

### service ; b . Description o f know n hazard s an

d evaluation s o f th

e risk s associate d wit hth

e inciden t an

d wit heachactivityconducted , including , bu t no t limite d t o on an d off-sit e exposur e t o 

### contaminant s during the implementation o f interi mmeasure s a t th e facility . c . Lis t o f ke

ypersonne l an

d alternate s responsibl e fo r sit e 

### safety , response s operations , an d for protectio

n o f publi c health ; 

### d . Delineatio n o f wor

k area ; e . Description o f level s o f protectio n t o be wor n b ypersonne l 

### i n wor k area ; f . Procedure s t o contro l sit e access ; g . Description o f documentation procedure s fo r personne l an d equipment ; h . Establishmen t o f sit e emergenc yprocedures ; 

### i . Emergencymedica l car e fo r injurie s an d toxicologica l problems ; j . Descriptio n o f requirement s fo r a n environmenta l surveillanc e program ; k . Routin e an

d specia l training require d fo r responders ; an d 1 . Establishmen t o f procedure s for protectin g worker s fro

m 

### weather-related problems . 2 . The Facilit yHealt h an d Safet yPlan shal l be consisten t with : 0 NIOS H Occupationa l Safetyan d Healt hGuidanc e Manua l fo r Hazardou s 

### Wast e Sit e Activitie s (1985) , 0 EPAOrde r 1440. 1 - Respirator yProtection , 0 EPAOrde r 1440. 3 - Healt h an d Safet yRequirement s fo r Employee s engage d i n Fiel d Activities , 0 

### Facilit yContingenc yPlan , 0 EP AStandar d Opercting Safet yGuid e (1984 )-12

- i o i i UU! j 0 OSH Aregulation s particularl yi n 2 9 CFR 191 0 an d 1926 , 0 

### Stat e an

d loca l regulations , an d 0 Othe r EPAguidance ; E . Communit yRelation s Pla n Th e Responden t shal l adher e b yth e enclose

d communityrelations plan prepared b

yU.S . EP

A(Appendi x D) . F . Endangermen t Assessment The purpos e o f a

n Endangermen t Assessment i s t o determin e the 

### magnitud e an

d probabilityo f actua l o r potentia l har mt o th e publi c health , welfare , o r the environmen t presented o r potentiall ycaused b y the threatened o r actua l releas e o f hazardou s substance s fro mthi s facility . Th e Responden t shal l perfor man Endangermen t Assessmen t an d prepar e a n Endangermen t Assessment Report , whic hwil l consis t o f a n evaluatio n o f th e collective , demographic , geographic , physical , chemica l and biologica l factor s whic hdescrib e th e exten t o f th e impac t o f a potentia l o r actua l releas e o f hazardou s wast e o r hazardou s substance s fro mthe 

### Facility . Th e followin g si x topic s ar e t o b e characterize d an d identifie d i n thi s Endangermen t Assessment . 1 . Chemical s o r mixture s presen t i n al l environmenta l medi a (e.g . air , water , soi l sediment , biota) : 2 . Environmenta l fat e an d transpor t mechanis mwithi n specifie d environmenta l media , includin g hydrogeologica l evaluation s and assessments . 

### 3 . Intrinsic s toxicologica l propertie s o f specifie d substances . 4 . Exposur e pathway s an d exten t o f expecte d exposure . 5 . Populatio n a t risk . 6 . Exten t o f expecte d harman d the likelihoo d o f suchharmoccurin g (i.e. , ris k characteristics) . The following outlin e present s the forma t fo r performin g the Endangermen t Assessment . 1 . Physica l Descriptio n o f the Sit e an d Sit e Histor

y a . geographi c locatio n b . managemen t practices/sit e use/sit e modification s 

### c . chronologica l surve

y d . facilit ydescription/containmen t system s e . substance s brough t on sit e (identify , qu^ntlt.* , fern , manne r o f disoosal )2 . Sit e Contamination/Off-Sit e Contaminatio n 

### a . identit yo f substance s detected b . concentration o f substance s detecte d 

### c . analytica l methodolog yan d QA/Q C d . surve yo f environmenta l monitorin g studie s (detailed discussio n o f environmenta l medi a an d contaminatio n levels ) 3 . Environmenta l Fat e an d Transport o f Contaminant s a . physical-chemica l propertie s o r specifie d chemicals/substance s 

### (e.g. , soil/sediment s adsorption coefficients , vapo r pressures , 

### solubility , etc. ) b . photodeqradatio n rates , decomposition rates , hydrolysi s rates , chemica l transformations , etc . c . loca l topograph

y d . descriptio n o f the hydrologica l setting an d flor f syste

m e . soi l analyse s f . climati c factors , othe r factor s affecting fat e an d transpor t e . predictio n o f fat e an d transpor t 4 . Toxicologica l Propertie s (hazar d identification ) o f Contaminant s a . metabolism b . acut e toxicit y c . subchroni c toxicit y d . chroni c toxicit y e . carcinogenicit y f . mutagenicit y 

### g . teratogenicity/reproductive effect s h . othe r healt heffect s a s relevan t includin g neurotoxicity , immuno-depressan t activity , allergi c reactions , etc . i . epidemiologica l evidenc e (chemica l specifi c o r sit e specific ) j . aquatic/non-human terrestria l specie s toxicity/environmenta l qualit yimpairmen t-14

-

5 . Exposure Assessment a . demographi c profil e o f population s a t ris k including 

### subpopulation a t specia l ris k (qualitative ) 

### b . population macro-an

d micro-environment s c . exposure route s d . magnitude , source , an d probabilit yo f exposur e t o specifie d substance s 6 . Ris k Evaluation an d Impac t Evaluation 

### a . carcinogeni c ris k assessment b . probabilityo f non-carcinogeni c human healt heffect s c . non-human specie s ris k assessment (qualitative ) d . environmenta l impacts/ecosyste malteration s 7 . Summar

yo f Endangermen t Assessment Finding s 8 . Documentatio n (Appendices )

TAS K IV : FACILIT

Y INVESTIGATIO

N I . Upon notic e o f EP Aan d SCDHE C approva l o r modification , the Responden t shal l implemen t the Workpla n a s approve

d o r modified , pursuan t t o th e approved schedule s containe d therein . Th e implemen

tatio n ("Facilit yInvestigation" ) shal l provid e dat a o f adequat e technica l qualit yt o suppor t the developmen t an d evaluatio n o f the corrective measur e alternative o r alternative s during the Correctiv e Measur e Study . II . Concurren t wit hth e Facilit yInvestigation , th e Responden t shal l prepar e an

d submi t t o EP

Aan d SCDHE C Annua l Groun

d Wate r Report s whic hrevie wan

d summariz e groun

d wate r movemen t an

d chemica l quality . Thi s repor t shal l als o evaluat e the abatemen t syste man d monitoring 

### program . Eachrepor t shal l be due b yno late r than Januar

y3 1 o f each year . III . Concurren t wit hth e Facilit yInvestigation , th e Responden t shal l 

### obtai n groun

d wate r elevation s on a quarterlybasi s fro mal l well s required pursuan t t o thi s Orde r an d al l existing groun

d wate r monitoring 

### wells . Well s shal l be sample d accordin g t o the sampling pla n approved b yEPA , pursuan t t o thi s Order . I n additio n t o th e require d monitoring data , contou

r map s o f the groun

d wate r elevation s i n both the shallow wate r zone mus t b e submitte d t o EPAan d SCDHE C i n accordanc e wit hth e date s mandate d b

ythi s Order .' ^ i I Uv., 1 O -15

- 

### A . Environmenta l Settin g AProgra mt o supplemen t an

d verif yexisting informatio n o n the environ

menta l settin

g a t the facility . The Respondent shal l characteriz e the following : 1 . Hydrogeolog

y 

### The Responden t shal l conduc t a progra mt o evaluat e hydrogeologi c condition s a t th

e facility . Thi s progra mshal l provid e th

e followin g information : 

### a . Adescription o f th e regiona l an

d facilityspecifi c geologi c an d hydrogeologi c characteristic s affecting groun d wate r flow beneat hth e facility , including : i ) Regiona l and facilit yspecifi c stratigraphy : descriptio n o f strat a including strik e an d dip , identificatio n o f stratigraphi c contacts ; 

### ii ) Structura l geology : descriptio n o f loca l an d regiona l structura l feature s (e.g. , folding , faulting , jointing , strik e and dip) . iii ) Depositiona l history ; 

### iv ) Identificatio n an

d characterization o f area s an d amount s o f recharg e an

d discharge . v ) Regiona l an

d facilit yspecifi c groun d wate r flo

w pattern s both horizontall yan d vertically ; an

d 

### vi ) Characteriz e seasona l variation s i n the groun d wate r flo wregime . b . A n analysi s o f an

ytopographi c feature s tha t migh t influenc e the groun

d wate r flo

wsystem . Includ e Stereographi c analysi s o f aeria l photograph s both norma l ligh t an d infra-red . c . Based o n fiel d data , tests , an d cores , a representative an d accurat e classification an d description o f th

e hydrogeologi c 

### unit s whic hma

ybe par t o f the migratio n pathway s a t the facilit y(i.e. , the aquifer s an d an yintervening saturated an d unsaturated units) , including : i ) Hydrauli c conductivit yan d porosity(tota l an

d effective) ; ii ) Lithology , grai n size , sorting , degre e o f cementation ; iii ) Aquife r interconnection analysis/interpretation o f 

### hydrauli c interconnectio n between saturate d zones . Identif yfrc

mfiel d dat a collected , includin g aquife r an d aquitar d testing , the depths , thickness , degre e o f latera l continuit yand hydrauli c characteristic s o f an ycontinuit yconfinin g unit s betwee n waterbearin g zone s underneat h the facility ; an dI ? L -16

- iv ) The attenuatio n capacityan d mechanisms o f the natura l earth material s (e.g. , ion exchang e capacity , organi c carbo

n content , minera l contec t etc.) . d . Fiel d studie s an

d cores , structura l geolog yan d hydrogeolog

y cros s section s showin

g the exten t (depth , thickness , latera l extent ) o f hydrogeologi c unit s whic h ma ybe par t o f the migra

tion pathways identifying : i ) San d an d grave l deposit s i n unconsolidated deposits ; ii ) Zone s o f fracturin g or channelin

g i n consolidate

d or unconsolidated deposits ; iii ) Zone s o f highe r permeabilit yo r lowpermeabilit ytha t migh t direc t an

d restric t th

e flo wo f contaminants ; iv ) The uppermos t aquifer : geologi c formation , grou p o f formations , o r par t o f a formation capabl e o f yielding a significan t amoun t o f groun d wate r t o well s o r springs ; 

### an d v ) Water-bearin

g zone s above the firs t confining laye r tha t ma yserv e a s a pathwa

yfo r contaminan t migratio n including perched zone s o f saturation . e . Dat a obtaine d fro

mgroun d wate r monitoring well s an d peizometer s installe d upgradien t an d downgradien t o f the potentia l contaminan t source , a representativ e descriptio n o f wate r leve l o r flui d pressur e monitoring including : i ) Water-leve l contou

r and/or potentiometri c maps ; ii ) Hydrologi c cros s section s showing vertica l gradients ; iii ) The flo

wsystem , includin

g the vertica l an

d horizonta l component s o f flow ; an d iv ) An ytempora l change s i n hydrauli c gradients , fo r example , due t o tida l o r seasona l influences . f . Adescriptio n o f man-mad e influence s tha t ma yaffec t the hydrogeolog

yo f th e site , identifying : i ) Activ e an

d inactiv e loca l wate r supplyan d productio n well s wit h an appropriat e schedul e o f pumping ; an d ii ) Manmad e hydrauli c structure s (pipelines , frenchdrains , ditches , unlined , septi c tanks , NPDE S outfalls , retentio n areas) .-17

- 2 . Soil s The Responden t shal l conduc t a progra mt o characteriz e the soi l an d roc k unit s abov

e the wate r tabl e ove r the entir e site . Such characterizatio n ma yinclud e bu t no t be limite d to , the followin g information : a . USCS soi l classificatio n (ex . SC , M

L - onl yone cod

e pe r soi l type ) ; b . Surfac e soi l distributio n (i n ma p form) ; c . Soi l profile , including AST M classification o f soils ; 

### d . Transect s o f soi l stratigraph y(include al l structura l features) ; e . Hydrauli c conductivit y(saturate d an d unsaturated) ; f . Relativ e permeability ; g . Bul k density ; 

### h . PDrosity ; i . Soi l sorptiv

e capacity ; j . Cation exchang e capacit y(CEC) ; k . Soi l organi c content ; 1 . Soi l pH ; 

### m . Particl e siz e distribution (thi s include s al l particl e sizes-clay , silt , sand , pebbles , cobbles , boulder s a s pe r Wentworth , 1922) ; n . Dept ho f wate r table ; o . Moistur e content ; p . Effec t o f stratificatio n on unsaturated flow ; g . Infiltratio n r . Evapotranspiration ; s . Storag e capacity ; t . Vertica l flo

wrate ; an

d u . Minera l content . 3 . Surfac e Wate r an

d Sedimen t Th e Responden t shal l conduc t a progra mt o characteriz e th e surfac e wate r bodie s i n th e vicinit yo f th e facility . Such characterizatio n shal l include , bu t no t b e limite d to , th e followin g activitie s an

d information : Description o f the tempora l an d permanen t surfac e wate r Vv-v^io c including : Fo r open water : location , elevation , surfac e area , inflow , outflow , depth , temperatur e stratification , and volume ? bodie s including : i ) an d volume ; ii ) Fo r river , streams , creeks , springs , ditches , an d 

### channels : location , elevation , flow , velocity , depth , width , seasona l fluctuations , and flooding tendencie s (i.e. , 10 0 yea r event) ;-18

- iii ) Fo r impoundments : location , elevation , surfac e area , depth , volume , freeboard , an d purpos e o f impoundment ; iv ) Drainag e patterns ; an d v ) Evapotranspiration . 

### b . Description o f th

e chemistr

yo f th e natura l surfac e wate r an d sediments . Thi s include s deteminin g the pH , tota l 

### dissolve d solids , tota l suspended solids , biologica l oxygen demand , alkalinity , conductivity , dissolved oxygen profiles , nutrient s (NH-j , NO^'/NO" , P0«~^) , chemica l oxgen demand , tota l organi c carbon , specifi c contaminan t concentrations , etc , c . Description o f sedimen t characteristic s including : 

### i ) Depositio

n are a (includ

e a map) ; ii ) Thicknes s profil e (includ e structura l features) ; an d iii ) Physica l an

d chemica l parameter s (e.g. , grai n size , density , organi c carbon content , io n exchang e capacity , pH , etc. ) 4 . Ai r The Responden t shal l provid e informatio n characterizin g the climat e i n th e vicinit yo f th e facility . Suc hinformatio n shal l include , bu t no t b e limite d to : a . Adescriptio n o f th e followin g parameters : i ) Annua l and monthl yrainfal l averages ; ii ) Monthl ytemperatur e average s and extremes ; iii ) Win

d spee d an d direction ; 

### iv ) Relativ e humidity/dewpoint ; v ) Atmospheri c pressure ; vi ) Evaporatio n data ; vii ) Developmen t o f inversions ; an d viii ) Climat e extreme s tha t hav e been know n t o occu

r i n the vicinit yo f th e facility , includin g frequencyo f occurence .I w' I U U -19

- b . Adescriptio n o f topographi c an d manmad e feature s whic h affec t ai r flo

wan d emission patterns , including : i ) Ridges , hill s o r mountai n areas ; ii ) Surfac e wate r bodie s (e.g . rivers , streams , surfac e impoundment) ; an

d 

### iii ) Win d break s an

d forests , iv ) Building s B . Sourc e Characterization 

### The Responden t shal l hav e a progra mt o collec t analyti c dat a t o completel ycharacteriz e the waste s an d the area s wher e waste s hav e bee n placed , collected o r removed including : type ; quantity ; physica l form ; disposition (containmen t o r natur e o f deposits) ; an d facilit y characteristic s affecting release , including facilit ysecurity fencing , engineerie d barriers , NPDE S outfalls , etc . Thi s shal l includ e quantificatio n o f th e followin g specifi c characteristics , a t eac hsourc e area , subsequen t t o Novembe r 198 0 an d t o the exten t know n o r as-certainabl e fo r period prio r thereto : 1 . Unit/Disposa l Are a characteristics : i ) Locatio n o f unit/disposa l area ; ii ) Typ e o f unit/disposa l area ; iii ) Design features ; iv ) Operating practice s (pas t an d present) ; v ) Period o f operation ; 

### vi ) Ag e o f unit/disposa l area ; vii ) Genera l physica l conditions ; and viii ) Metho d use d t o clos e th e unit/disposa l area . 2 . Wast e Characteristics : i ) Type o f wast e place d i n th e unit ; a . Hazardou s classificatio n (e.g. , flammabl e reactive , corrosive , oxidizin g o r reducin g agent) ; b . Quantity ; an

d c . Chemica l composition . ii ) Physica l and chemica l characteristics ; a . Physica l for

m(solid , liquid , gas) ; b . Pnysica l descriptio n (e.g. , powder , oil ysludge) ; c . Temperature ; d , pH ; e « Genera l chemica l clas s (e.g. , acid , base , solvent) ; f . Molecula r weight ; g . Bailin g point ; 

### n . Viscosity ; i . Solubility ' i n water ; j . Cohcsivehes s o f th e waste : k . Vapo r pressure ; an d 1 . Flas h point .iwi I -20

- 

### iii ) Migratio n an

d dispersa l characteristic s o f the waste ; a . Sorption ; b . Biodegradability , bioconcentration , biotransformation ; 

### c . Photodegradation rates ; d . Hydrolysi s rates ; an d 

### e . Chemica l transformations . The Responden t shal l documen t the procedure s use d i n makin g the abov e determinations . 

### C . Contaminatio n Characterization Th e Responden t shal l hav e a progra mt o collec t analytica l dat a o n groun d water , soils , surfac e water , sedimen t an d subsurfac e ga s i n th e vicinit yo f th e facility . Thi s dat a shal l b e sufficien t t o defin e the extent , origin , direction , an d rat e o f movemen t o f contaminan t plumes . Dat a shal l includ e tim e an d location o f sampling , medi a sampled , concentration s found , and condition s during sampling , an d the identit yo f the individual s performin g the samplin

g an d analysis . The Responden t shal l addres s the followin g type s o f 

### contaminatio n a t th e facility : 1 . Groun

d Wate r Contaminatio n Th e Responden t shal l conduc t a Groun d Wate r Investigatio n i n orde r t o characteriz e an yplume s o f contaminatio n a t th e facility . Thi s investigatio n shal l a t a minimu mprovid e th e following information : a . Adescriptio n o f th e horizonta l an d vertica l exten t o f an y immiscibl e o r dissolve d plume(s ) originatin g fro mth e facility ; b . The horizonta l an d vertica l directio n o f contaminatio n movement ; c . The velocityo f groun d wate r an

d contaminat e movement ; d . Th e horizonta l an d vertica l concentratio n profil e o f Appendi x I X Compound s tha t ar e measure d b yEP Aapproved procedures ; e . A n evaluatio n o f factor s influencing the plume movement ; an d f . A n extrapolatio n o f futur e contaminan t movement . The Responden t shal l documen t the procedure s used i n makin g the abov e 

### determination s (e.g. , wel l design , wel l construction , geophysics , modeling , etc. )-21

-



### 2 . Soi l Contamination The Responden t shal l conduc t an investigatio n t o characteriz e an ycontamination o f th e soi l an

d roc k unit s abov

e th e wate r tabl e i n th e vicinit yo f a contaminan t release . Th e investiga

- 

### • tion shal l include , bu t no t be limite d to , the followin g areas : a . Adescription o f the vertica l an d horizonta l exten t o f contamination . b . Adescriptio

n o f contaminant an

d soi l chemica l propertie s 

### withi n the contaminan t sourc e are a an d plume . Thi s include s contaminan t solubility , speciation , adsorption , leachability , exchang e capacity , biodegradability , hydrolysis , photolysis , 

### oxidatio n an

d othe r factor s tha t migh t affec t contaminan t migratio n an

d transformation . c . Specifi c contaminan t concentrations . d . The velocit yan

d directio n o f contaminan t movement . e . A n extrapolatio n o f futur e contaminan t movement . Th e Responden t shal l documen t th e procedure s use

d i n makin g th

e abov e determinations . 3 . Surfac e Wate r an

d Sedimen t Contaminatio n Aprogra mt o conduc t a surfac e wate r investigatio n t o characteriz e contaminatio n i n surfac e wate r bodie s resultin g fro mcontaminan t release s a t the facility . The investigation shal l include , bu t no t b e limite d to , the followin g information : a . Adescription o f the horizonta l an d vertica l exten t o f an y iimisicibl e o r dissolved plume(s ) originatin g fro mthe facility , an

d th e exten t o f contaminatio n i n underlying sediments ; b . The horizonta l an

d vertica l directio n o f contaminan t movement ; c . Th e contaminan t velocity ; d . A n evaluatio n o f th e physical , biologica l an d chemica l factor s influencing contaminan t movement ; 

### e . A n extrapolatio n o f futur e contaminan t movement ; an d f . Adescriptio n o f the chemistr yo f the contaminate d surfac e water s and sediments . Thi s include s determinin g th e pH , tota l dissolve d solids , specifi c contaminan t «x>ncentrations , etc .U -22 - The Responden t shal l documen t the procedure s use d i n makin g the abov e determinations . 4 . Ai r Contaminatio n 

### Th e Responden t shal l conduc t a n investigation t o characteriz e th e particulat e an

d gaseou s contaminant s released int o the atmosphere . Thi s investigatio n shal l provid e the followin g information : 

### a . Adescriptio n o f the horizonta l an d vertica l directio n an d velocit yo f contaminan t movement ; b . The rat e an

d amoun t o f the release ; an d c . The chemica l an

d physica l composition o f the contaminants(s ) released , includin

g horizonta l an

d vertica l concentration profiles . The Responden t shal l documen t the procedure s use d i n makin g the above determinations . 5 . Subsurfac e Ga s Contaminatio n 

### Aprogra mt o conduc t an investigatio n t o characteriz e subsurfac e gase s emitte d fro

mburied hazardou s wast e an d hazardou s constituent s i n th e groun

d water . Thi s investigatio n shal l includ e th e followin g information : a . Adescriptio n o f th e horizonta l an d vertica l exten t o f subsurfac e gase s mitigation ; b . The chemica l composition o f the gase s being emitted ; c . The rate , amount , an d densityo f the gase s being emitted ; an d d . Horizonta l an

d vertica l concentration s profile s o f the subsurfac e gase s emitted . The Responden t shal l documen t the procedure s use d i n makin g the abov e determinations . D . Potentia l Receptor s 

### The Responden t shal l collec t dat a describing the huma n population s an d environmenta l system s tha t ar e susceptibl e t o contaminan t exposur e fro mthe facility . Chemica l analysi s o f biologica l sample s ma ybe needed . Dat a o n observabl e effect s i n ecosystem s ma yals o b e obtained . Th e followin g characteristic s shal l b e identified : 

### 1 . Loca l use ? an

d possibl e futur e use s o f groun d water : a . Type o f us e (c-.g. , drinkin g wate r source : municipa l c r residential , agricultural , domestic/non-potable , and industrial) ; and b . Location o f ground wats r user s includin g wells ,-23 - 

### discharg e area s an

d springs . 2 . Loca l use s an

d possibl e futur e use s o f surfac e water s drainin g 

### the facility : a . Domesti c an

d municipa l (e.g . potabl e an d lawn/gardenin

g 

### watering) ; b . Recreationa l (e.g . spinning , fishing) ; c . Agricultural ; d . Industrial ; an

d e . Environmenta l (e.g . fish an d wildlif e propagation) . 

### 3 . Human us e o f acces s t o th e facilit yan

d adjacen t lands , including bu t no t limited to : a . Recreation ; b . Hunting ; c . Residential ; d . Commercial ; e . Zoning ; an

d f . Relationshi p between populatio n location s an d prevailing win d direction . 

### 4 . Adescriptio n o f the biot a i n surfac e wate r bodie s on , adjacen t to , o r affected b

yth e facility . 5 . Adescriptio n o f the ecolog yoverlying an

d adjacen t t o the facility . 6 . Ademographi c profil e o f the peopl e who us e o r hav e acces s t o th e facilit yan

d adjacen t land , including , bu t no t limite d to : age ; sex ; an

d sensitive subgroups . 7 . Adescriptio n o f an yendangere d o r threatene d specie s nea r the facility .I o i i U -24

- TAS K V ; INVESTIGATIO NANALYSI S A . Draf t an

d Fina l Repor t The Responden t shal l prepar e an d submi t t o EP

Aan d SCDHE C fo r approva l a draf t RF I Repor t whic hshal l contai n an analysi s an d 

### summar yo f al l facilityinvestigation s implemente d pursuant t o Tas

k IV an d thei r results . EP

Aan d SCDHE C wil l reviewthe Draf t RF I Repor t an

d provid e Garment s thereo n t o the Respondent . Withi n thirt y(30 ) days o f receip t o f EP Aan d SCDHE C comment s an

d shal l submi t th

e revised RF I Repor t t o EP Aan d SCDHEC . EP

Aan d SCDHE C 

### wil l approv

e the revised RF I Repor t o r modif yit . The revised RF I Repor t a s approved o r modifie d b yEP Aan d SCDHE C shal l becom

e th e Fina l RF I Report . The RF I Repor t shal l describ e the natur e an d exten t o f contaminatio n a t the facilit yincluding source s an d migratio n pathways , potentia l threa t t o human healt h and/o r th e environment , an

d t o suppor t th

e Corrective Measur e Study . The repor t shal l described the exten t o f contaminatio n (qualitative/quantitative ) i n relation t o 

### backgroun

d level s indicativ e fo r the area . The repor t shal l includ e th e identificatio n o f applicabl e protectio n standard s includin g thes e unde r ite

mB below . B . Protection Standard s 1 . Groun

d Wate r Protection Standard s Fo r regulate d unit s th e Responden t shal l provid e informatio n t o suppor t the Agency' s selection/developmen t o f Groun d Wate r Protectio

n Standard s fo r al l o f the Appendi x I X 

### constituent s foun

d i n the groun

d wate r durin g the Facilit y Investigatio n (Tas

k IV) . A . The Groun

d Wate r Protection Standard s shal l consis t of : i ) Fo r an

yconstituent s liste d i n Tabl e I o f 4 0 CFR 264.94 , the respectiv e valu e give n i n th e tabl e (MCL ) i f th

e backgroun

d leve l o f th

e constituen t i s belo

wtha t give n i n Tabl e 1 ; o r ii ) Th e backgroun

d leve l o f tha t constituen t i n th e groun d water ; o r iii ) A n EP Aapproved Alternat e Concentration Limi t (ACL) . B . Information t o suppor t th e EPA' s selectio

n o f Alternat e Concentratio n Limit s (ACL's ) shal l be develope d b ythe Responden t i n accordanc e wit hEPAguidance . Fo r an y propose d ACL' s the Respondent' s shal l includ e a justification'based"upo n th e criteri a se t forl hi n 4 0 CF R 264.9 4 (b) . - • •_ 2 5 -

C . Withi n 9 0 day s o f receip t o f an ypropose

d ACL's . Th

e U.S . EP

A 

### shal l notif ythe Responden t i n writin g o f approval , disapprova l • o r modification , the U.S . EP Ashal l specif yi n writing the reason(s ) fo r an

ydisapprova l o r modification . D . Withi n 6 0 day

s o f receip t o f th

e U.S . EPA' s notification or disapprova l o f an

ypropose

d ACL , the Responden t shal l amen d an d submi t revision s t o th e U.S . EPA . 

### 2 . Othe r Relevan t Protectio n Standard s The Responden t shal l identif yal l relevan t an d applicabl e 

### standard s for th

e protectio

n o f human healthan

d th e environmen t (e.g . Nationa l Ambien t Ai r Qualit yStandards , Federall yapprove d stat e wate r qualit ystandards , etc.) . TAS K VI : LABORATOR

Y AN D BENCH-SCAL E STUDIE S I . The Responden t shal l conduc t laborator yand/or benc h scal e studie s t o determin e th e applicabilit yo f a correctiv e measur e technolog

yo r technologie s t o facilit yconditions . The Responden t shal l analyz e th e technologies , based o n literatur e review , vendo r contracts , an

d pas t experienc e t o determin e the testin g requirements . II . Th e Responden t shal l develop a testin g pla n identifyin g th e types(s ) the goal(s ) o f the study(ies) , the leve l o f effor t needed , an d the procedure s t o be use

d fo r dat a managemen t an d interpretation . Upo n completio n o f the testing , the Responden t shal l evaluat e the testing result s t o asses s the technolog yo r technologie s wit hrespec t t o the site-specifi c question s identifie d i n the tes t plan . III . Th e Responden t shal l prepar e a repor t summarizing th e testing progra m an d it s results , bot h positiv e an d negative . TAS K VII ; REPORT S A . Preliminar

yan d Workplan The Responden t shal l submi t t o the EP Aan d SCDHE C report s on Tas k I an d I I whe n i t submit s th e RCR AFacilit yInvestigatio n Workpla n (Tas k III) . 

### B . Progres s Th e Responden t shal l a t a minimumprovid e th e EPAand SCDHE C wit h signe d monthl yprogres s report s containing ;-26

-

1 . Adescriptio n an

d estimat e o f percentag e o f the RF I completed ; 

### 2 . Summarie s o f al l findings ; 3 . Summarie s o f al l change s mad e i n the RF I during the reportin g 

### period ; 4 . Summarie s o f al l contact s wit hrepresentative o f th e loca l community , publi c interes t group s o r Stat e governmen t durin g 

### the reportin

g period ; 

### 5 . Summarie s o f al l problem s o r potentia l problems encountered - durin g the reportin

g period : 

### 6 . Action s being taken t o rectif yproblems ; 7 . Change s i n personne l durin g the reportin g period ; 8 . Projecte

d wor k fo r th e nex t period ; an

d 9 . Copie s o f dail yreports , inspection reports , laboratory/monitorin g data , etc .

C . Draf t an

d Fina l Upon EPAapproval , th e Responden t shal l prepar e a RCR AFacilit y Investigatio n Repor t t o presen t Task s IV-V . The RCR AFacilit y Investigatio n Repor t shal l be develope d i n draf t for mfo r U . S . EPAreview . Th e RCR

AFacilit yInvestigatio n Repor t shal l b e develope d i n fina l forma t incorporatin g comment s receive d o n the Draf t RCR

AFacilit yInvestigatio n Report . Tas k V I shal l b e submitte d a s a separat e repor t whe n th e Fina l RCR AFacilit y Investigatio n Repor t i s submitted . Al l report s becom e fina l upo

n EP Aapproval . Fou r copie s o f al l reports , including the Task I report , Task I I report , Tas k II I Vforkplan , Tas k V I repor t an d both the Draf t an

d Fina l RCR

AFacilit yInvestigation Report s (Tas k IV-V ) shal l be provide d b

ythe Responden t t o U . S . EP Aan d SCDHEC .-27 - FACILIT Y SUBMISSIO

NSUMMAR

Y A n abbreviate d summar

yo f the information reportin g requirement s contained i n the RCR

AFacilit yInvestigation Scop e o f Work i s presente

d below : Facilit ySubmission Du e Dat e * Description o f Current Situation (Tas k I ) Pre-Investigation Evaluation o f Correctiv e Measur e Technologie s (Tas

k II ) Draf t RF I Wbrkplan (Tas k III ) Implementation o f approve d RF I Wbrkpla n (Tas k TV )

Draf t RF I Repor t (Tas k V ) Revise d RF I Repor t (Tas k V ) Laborator

yan d Bench-Scal e Studie s (Tas k VI ) Progres s Report s on Task s I throug h V I 3 0 days 6 0 days 9 0 day s Immediatel yupo n notic e o f approva l o f revised RF I Wbrkpla n 1 2 month s afte r RF I Workpla n Approva l 3 0 day s afte r EPA& SCDHE C commen t on Draf t RF I Repor t Concurren t wit h Revise d RF I Repor t Monthly , pursuan t t o the Orde r



### * Al l du e date s ar e calculate d fro mth e effectiv e dat e o f thi s Orde r unles s otherwis e specified .ATTACHMEN T C SCOP E O F WOR

K FO R ACORRECTIV

E MEASURE S STUD

Y A T KOPPER S COMPANY , INC .

## -1

- SCOPE O F WOR

K FO R ACORRECTIV

E MEASURE STUD

Y KOPPERS COMPANY , INC . PURPOS E 

### Th e purpos e o f thi s Correctiv e Measur e Stud

y(CMS ) i s t o develo

p an d evaluat e th e corrective action o r alternative s an d t o recommen

d th e correctiv

e measur e o r measure s t o be taken a t Kopper s Company , Inc . The Responden t wil l furnis hthe personnel , materials , an d service s 

### necessar yt o prepar e th

e correctiv

e measur e study , excep t a s otherwis e specified . Th

e Respondent shal l submi t t o EP Aan d SCDHEC , ninety(90 ) day s afte r submitta l o f the Fina l RF I Report , a Draf t CM S Report . Thi s 

### repor t shal l contai n al l information requeste d i n th e task outlined below . EP

Aan d S C DHE C wil l revie

wth e Draf t CMS Repor t an

d provide comment s t o the Respondent . Withi n thirt y(30 ) days o f receip t o f EP A an d S C DHE C comments , Responden t shal l modif ythe Draf t CM S Repor t t o incorporat e suc

h comment s an

d shal l submi t th

e revised CMS Repor t t o EP A an d S C DHEC . EP

Awil l approve the revise d CM S Repor t o r modif yit . The revise d CM S Repor t a s approve d o r modifie d b yEP Ashal l becom

e the Fina l CMS Report . Upo

n receip t o f the Fina l CMS Report , EP Ashal l announc e it s 

### availabilit yt o th e publi c fo r revie wan d comment s an

d the n infor

mth e Responden t o f it s fina l decisio n a s t o the approved Corrective Measure s 

### t o be implemented . SCOP E The Correctiv e Measur e Stud yconsist s o f fou

r tasks : Tas k VIII : Identificatio n an d Developmen t o f the Correctiv e Measur e Alternative s A . Descriptio n o f Curren t Situatio n B . Establishmen t o f Corrective Actio n Objective s C . Screenin

g o f Corrective Measure s Technologie s D . Identificatio n o f the Correctiv e Measur e 

### Alternative s Tas k IX : Evaluatio n o f th e Correctiv

e Measur e Alternative s A . Technical/Environmental/Human Health/Institutiona l B . Cos t Estimat e Tas k X : Justificatio n an d Recommendatio n o f the Correctiv e Measur e o r 

### Measure s A . Technica l B . Environmenta l C . Huma n Healt hU / -2

-

Task XI : Report s



### A . Progres s B . Draf t C . Fina l 

### D . Publi c Reviewan

d Fina l Selectio

n o f Correctiv

e Measure s TAS K VIII ; IDENTIFICATIO NAN D DEVELOPMEN

T OF THE CORRECTIV

E ACTIO N ALTERNATIVE S Based on the result s o f the RCR AFacilit yInvestigatio n an d consideratio n o f the identifie d potentia l correctiv e measur e technologie s (Tas k II) , 

### the Responden t shal l identify , screen an d develop the alternative s fo r 

### removal , containment , treatmen t and/or othe r remediatio n o f the contaminatio n based on the objective s established fo r the corrective action . A . Descriptio n o f Curren t Situatio n The Responden t shal l submi t an updat e t o the informatio n describing th e curren t situatio n a t th e facilit yan d th e know

n natur e an

d exten t o f the contaminatio n a s documente d b ythe RCR

AFacilit y Investigatio n Report . Th e Responden t shal l provid e an updat e t o 

### informatio n presente d i n Task I o f th e RF I t o th e Agencyregarding previou s respons e activitie s an d an yinteri mmeasure s whic hhav e o r 

### ar e being implemente d a t th e facility . Th e Responden t shal l als o 

### mak e a facility-specifi c statemen t o f the purpos e fo r the response , based o n the result s o f the RCR AFacilit yInvestigation . The statemen t o f purpos e shoul d identif ythe actua l o r potentia l exposur e pathway s tha t shoul d be addressed b ycorrective measures . B . Establishmen t o f Corrective Actio n Objective s The Responden t shal l propos e fo r EP Areviewan

d approva l facility

specifi c objective s fo r the corrective action . Thes e objective s 

### shal l b e base

d o n publi c healt han

d environmenta l criteria , information gathere d during th e RCR AFacilit yInvestigation , EPAguidance , an d th e requirement s o f an yapplicabl e Federa l statutes . A t a minimum , 

### al l corrective action s concernin g groun d wate r release s fro

mregulate d unit s mus t b e consisten t with , an d a s stringen t as , thos e require d unde r 4 0 CF

R 264.100 . 

### C . Screenin

g o f Corrective Measur e Technologie s 

### Th e Responden t shal l revie wth e result s o f th e RCR AFacilit y Investigatio n an

d reasses s th e technologie s specifie d i n Tas k I I anu t o identif yadditiona l technologie s whic har e applicabl e a t th e facility . Th e Responden t shal l screen th e preliminarycorrectiv e ireesur e technologie s identifie d i n Tas k I I o f the RCR AFacilit y 

### Investigatio n an

d an ysupplementa l technologie s t o eliminat e thos e

## i~ i i 0 ( j i I -3

- tha t ma yprov e infeasibl e t o implement , tha t relyon technologie s unlikel yt o perfor

msatisfactorilyo r reliably , o r tha t d o no t achieve the correctiv

e measur e objectiv

e withi n a reasonabl e tim e period . Thi s screenin g proces s focuse s on eliminating thos e tech

nologie s whic hhave sever e limitation s fo r a give n se t o f wast e an d 

### site-specifi c conditions . The screenin g ste p ma yals o eliminat e technologie s base

d o n inheren t technolog

ylimitations . 

### Site , waste , an

d technolog

ycharacteristic s whic har e use d t o scree

n inapplicabl e technologie s ar e describe d i n mor e detai l below : 1 . Sit e Characteristic s 

### Sit e dat a shoul d be reviewed t o identif ycondition s tha t ma y limi t o r promot e the us e o f certai n technologies . Technologie s whos e us e i s clearl yprecluded b ysit e characteristic s shoul d be eliminate d fro

mfurthe r consideration ; 2 . Wast e Characteristic s Identificatio n o f wast e characteristic s tha t limi t the effectivenes s o r feasibilit yo f technologie s i s a n importan t par t o f the screening 

### process . Technologie s clearl ylimited b ythes e wast e characteristic s shoul d b e eliminate d fro

mconsideration . Wast e characteristic s particularl yaffec t the feasibilit yo f in-sit u methods , direc t treatmen t methods , an

d lan d disposa l (on/off-site) ; an d 3 . Technolog

yLimitation s Durin g the screenin

g process , the leve l o f technolog ydevelopment , performanc e record , an d inheren t construction , operation , an d maintenanc e problem

s shoul d b

e identifie d fo r each technolog y 

### considered . Technologie s tha t ar e unreliable , perfor mpoorly , o r ar e no t full ydemonstrated ma ybe eliminate d i n the screenin g process . Fo r example , certai n treatmen t method s hav e bee n develope d t o a poin t wher e the

ycan b e implemented i n th e fiel d withou t extensiv e technolog

ytransfe r o r development . D . Identificatio n o f th e Correctiv

e Measur e Alternative s Th e Respondent shal l develo p th e Correctiv

e measur e alternative s 

### base d on th e correctiv

e action objective s an

d analysi s o f potentia l corrective measur e technologies , a s presente d i n Task I I o f the RCR A Facilit yinvestigatio n an d a s supplemented following the preparatio n 

### o f the RF I Report . The Responden t shal l rel yon engineering practic e t o determin e whic ho f the previousl yidentifie d technologie s appea r mos t suitabl e fo r the site . Technologie s ca n be combine d t o for

mthe 

### overal l correctiv

e action alternatives . The alternative s develope d shoul d represent a workabl e numbe r o f option(s ) tha t each appea r t o adequatel yaddres s al l sit e problems an d corrective actio n objective s-4

-



### Eachalternative ma

yconsis t o f an individua l technolog yo r a combinatio n 

### o f technologies . The Responden t shal l documen t the reason s fo r excluding technologies , identifie d i n Task II , a s supplemented i n the 

### developmen t o f the alternatives . 

### TASK ix ; EVALUATIO

NOF THE CORRECTIV

E MEASURE ALTERNATIVE S The Responden t shal l describ e eachcorrectiv e measur e alternative tha t passe s throug

hthe Initia l Screenin g i n Task VII I an

d evaluat e eac h 

### corrective measur e alternative an d it' s components . The evaluatio n shal l be base

d on technical , environmental , human healthan d institutiona l concerns . Th

e Responden t shal l als o develop cos t estimate s o f eac h 

### corrective measure . A . Technical/Environmental/Huina n Health/Institutiona l The Responden t shal l provid e a description o f each corrective measur e 

### alternative whic hinclude s bu t i s no t limite d t o the following : pre liminar yproces s flo

wsheets ; preliminar

ysizing an

d typ e o f construction fo r building s an

d structures ; an

d roug h quantitie s o f utilitie s required . The Responden t shal l evaluat e eac halternativ e i n the fou r followin

g areas : 1 . Technical ; Th e Responden t shal l evaluat e eac hcorrectiv e measur e alternativ e based o n performance , reliability , implementabilit yan d safety . a . The Responden t shal l evaluat e performanc e base d o n the effectivenes s an

d usefu l lif e o f th e correctiv e measure : i ) Effectivenes s shal l b e evaluate d i n terms o f th e abilit y t o perfor

mintende d functions , suc ha s containment , diversion , removal , destruction , o r treatment . The effectivenes s o f eac hcorrective measur e shal l b e determine d eithe r throug h desig n specification s o r b yperformanc e evaluation . An y specifi c wast e o r sit e characteristic s whic hcoul d potentiall y impede effectivenes s shal l be considered . The evaluatio n shoul d als o conside r th e effectivenes s o f combination s o f technologies ; an

d ii ) Usefu l lif e i s define d a s the lengt h o f tim e the leve l o f 

### desire d effectivenes s can b e maintained . Mos t corrective measur e technologies , wit h the exception o f destruction , 

### deteriorat e wit htime . Often , deterioration can b e
, slowed throug

hprope r syste

moperatio n an

d maintenance , bu t th e technolog

yeventuall yma

yrequir e replacement . Eac hcorrective measur e shal l b e evaluate d i n terms o f th e projected servic e live s o f it s lif e o f th e project .-5

- t ! U U / '

b . The Responden t shal l provid e information on the reliabilit y o f eac h correctiv

e measur e includin g thei r operation an d maintenanc e requirement s an d thei r demonstrated reliability : i ) Operation an

d maintenanc e requirement s include th e frequenc

y an d complexityo f necessar yoperation an

d maintenance . Technologie s requirin

g frequen t o r complex operatio n an d 

### maintenanc e activitie s shoul d be regarded a s les s reliabl e tha n technologie s requirin g littl e o r straightforwar d operation an

d maintenance . The availabilit yo f labo r - 

### an d material s t o mee t thes e requirement s shal l als o be considered ; an

d ii ) Demonstrate

d an d expecte

d reliabilit yi s a wa yo f measurin

g the ris k an

d effec t o f failure . The Responden t shoul d evaluat e whethe r the technologie s hav e been use d effectivel y unde r analogou s conditions ; whethe r the combinatio n o f technologie s hav e bee n used togethe r effectively ; whethe r failur e o f an

yone technolog

yha s a n immediat e impac t on receptors ; an

d whethe r the corrective measur e ha s the flexibilit yt o dea l wit huncontrollabl e change s a t th e site . c . The Responden t shal l describ e the implementabilit yo f eac h correctiv e measur e includin g th e relativ e eas e o f installatio n (constructability ) and th e time require d t o achiev e a give n leve l o f response : i ) Constructabilit yi s determine d b ycondition s bot h interna l an d externa l t o the facilit ycondition s an d includ e such items a s location o f undergroun d utilities , dept ht o wate r table , heterogeneityo f subsurfac e materials , an d location o f the facilit y(i.e. , remot e locatio n vs . a congeste d urban area) . The Responden t shal l evaluat e wha t measure s can be take n t o facilitat e constructio n unde r thes e conditions . Externa l factor s whic haffec t implementatio n includ e th e nee d fo r specia l permit s o r agreements , equipmen t availability , 

### an d the location o f suitabl e off-sit e treatmen t o r disposa l facilities ; an

d ii ) Tim e ha s two component s tha t shal l b e addressed : th e time i t take s t o implemen t a correctiv e measur e an

d the tim

e i t take s t o actuall yse e beneficia l results . Beneficia l 

### result s ar e define d a s the reductio n o f contaminant s t o som e acceptable , pre-established level .-6

-

d . The Responden t shal l evaluat e eac h corrective measur e alternativ e wit h regar

d t o safety . Thi s evaluatio n shal l include threat s t o the safetyo f nearb ycommunitie s an

d environment s a s wel l a s thos e t o worker s during implementation . Factor s t o conside r 

### are fire , explosion , an d exposure t o hazardous substances . 2 . Environmental ; Th e Respondent shal l perfor ma n Environmenta l Assessment fo r eac h alternative . Th e Environmenta l Assessmen t shal l focus on . 

### the facilit ycondition s an d pathways o f contamination actuall y addresse d b yeac h alternative . Th

e Environmenta l Assessmen t fo r eac h alternativ

e wil l include , a t a minimum , an evaluation of : 

### the short

- an

d long-ter

mbeneficia l an

d advers e effect s o f the respons e alternative ; an yadvers e effect s on environmentall y sensitive areas ; an

d a n analysi s o f measure s t o mitigat e advers e 

### effects . 3 . Huma n Health ; an

d The Responden t shal l asses s eac halternativ e i n terms o f the exten t t o whic h i t mitigate s short-an d long-ter

mpotentia l exposur e 

### t o an yresidua l contamination an d protect s human healt hboth durin g an

d afte r implementation the corrective measure . The 

### assessmen t wil l describ e the concentration s an d characteristic s o f the contaminant s on-site , potentia l exposur e routes , an d potentiall y affected population . Each alternative wil l be evaluated t o determin e the leve l o f exposur e t o contaminant s an d the reductio n ove r time . Fo r managemen t o f mitigatio n measures , th e relativ e reductio n o f impac t wil l be determine d b ycomparin

g residua l level s o f each alternativ e wit h existin g criteria , standards , o r guideline s acceptabl e t o EPA . 4 . Institutional . The Responden t shal l asses s relevan t institutiona l need s fo r eac h alternative . Specifically , the effect s o f Federal , stat e an d loca l environmenta l an d publi c healt h standards , regulations , guidance , advisories , ordinances , o r communit yrelation s o n the design , operation , an d timin g o f eac halternative . B . Cos t Estimat e 

### The Responden t shal l develop a n estimat e o f the cos t o f eac hcorrective measur e alternative (an d fo r each phas e o r segmen t o f th e alternative) . The cos t estimat e shal l includ e bot h capita l an d operatio n an

d maintenanc e 

### costs .-7

-



### 1 . Capita l cost s consis t o f direc t (construction ) an d indirec t 

### (nonconstructio

n an d overhead ) costs . a . Direc t capita l cost s include : i ) Constructio

n costs : Cost s o f materials , labor 

### (includin g fring e benefit s an

d worker' s compensation) , an d equipmen t required t o instal l the correctiv e measure . 

### ii ) Equipmen t costs : Cost s o f treatment , containment , disposa l and/o

r servic e equipmen t necessar yt o implemen t the action ; thes e material s remai n unti l the correctiv e action i s complete ; iii ) Lan

d an d site-developmen t costs : Expense s associated wit h 

### purchas e o f lan

d an d developmen t o f existing property ; an d iv ) Building s an

d service s costs : Cost s o f proces s an d 

### nonproces s buildings , utilit yconnections , purchased services , an

d disposa l costs . b . Indirec t capita l cost s include : i ) Engineering expenses : Cost s o f administration , design , constructio n supervision , drafting , an d testing o f corrective measur e alternatives ; ii ) Lega l fee s an

d licens e o r permi t costs : Administrativ e 

### an d technica l cost s necessar yt o obtai n license s an d permit s fo r installatio n an d operation ; iii ) Startu

p an d shakedow

n costs : Cost s incurre d durin g corrective measur e startup ; an d iv ) Contingencyallowances : Fund s t o cove r cost s resultin g fro munforeseen circumstances , sucha s advers e weathe r conditions , strikes , an d inadequat e facility characterization . 2 . Operation an

d maintenanc e cost s ar e post-construction cost s necessar yt o ensur e continue d effectivenes s o f a corrective measure . Th

e Responden t shal l consider th e followin

g operation 

### an d maintenanc e cos t components :

## ii Uu ^

a . Operating labo r costs : Wages , salaries , training , overhead , an d fring e benefit s associate d wit h th

e labor neede

d fo r post-construction operations ; b . Maintenanc e material s an d labo r costs : Cost s fo r labor , parts , an

d other resource s require d for routine maintenanc e o f facilitie s an

d equipment ; c . Auxiliar

ymaterial s an

d energy : Cost s o f suc h items a s chemical s an d electricit yfo r treatmen t plan t operations , wate r an d sewe r service , an

d fuel ; d . Purchased services : Samplin g costs , laborator

yfees , an

d professiona l fee s fo r whic hthe need can be predicted ; e . Disposa l an

d treatmen t costs : Cost s o f transporting , treating , an d disposing o f wast e materials , such a s treatmen t plan t residues , generate d durin g operations ; f . Administrativ e costs : Cost s associated wit hadministratio n o f correctiv e measur e operation an d maintenanc e no t include d unde r othe r categories ; g . Insurance , taxes , an d licensing costs : Cost s o f suc hitems a s liabilit yand sudde n acciden t insurance ; rea l estat e taxe s on purchase d lan d o r rights-of-way ; licensin g fee s fo r certai n technologies ; an d permi t renewa l an

d reportin

g costs ; h . Maintenanc e reserve an d contingenc

yfunds : Annua l payment s int o escro

wfund s t o cove r (1 ) cost s o f anticipate d replacemen t o r rebuildin g o f equipmen t an d (2 ) an ylarg e unanticipate d operation an

d maintenanc e costs ; an d i . Othe r costs : Item s tha t do no t fi t an

yo f the abov e categories .

TAS K X ; JUSTIFICATIO NAN D RECOMMENDATIO

NO F TH E CORRECTIV

E MEASUR E OR MEASURE S Th e Responden t shal l justif yan d recommen

d a corrective measur e alternativ e using technical , huma n health , and environmenta l criteria . Thi s recommendatio n shal l includ e summarytable s whic hallowth e alternative o r alternative s t o b e understoo

d easily . Tradeoff s amon g healt hrisks , environmenta l effects , an d othe r pertinen t factor s shal l b e highlighted . Th e U.S . EPAwil l selec t th e correctiv e measur e alternativ e o r alternative s t o be implemente d based on the result s o f Task s I X an d X . At a minimum , the followin g criteri a wil l b e use d t o justif yth e fina l correctiv e measur e o r measures .-9

-

A . Technica l 1 . Performanc e - corrective measur e o r measure s whic h ar e 

### mos t effectiv e a t performin g thei r intende d function s an d maintainin g the performanc e ove r extende d period s 

### o f tim e wil l be give n preference ; 2 . Reliabilit y- correctiv e measur e o r measure s whic hd o no t requir e frequen t o r complex operation an d maintenanc e activitie s an

d tha t have proven effectiv e unde r wast e an d facilit ycondition s simila r t o thos e anticipate d wil l b e give n preference ; 3 . Inplementabilit y- corrective measur e o r measure s whic h can be constructed an

d operatin

g t o reduc e level s o f contaminatio n t o attai n o r exceed applicabl e standard s i n the shortes t period o f time wil l be preferred ; an d 4 . Safety- correctiv e measur e o r measure s whic h pos e the leas t threa t t o the safetyo f nearb yresident s an

d environment s a s wel l a s worker s durin g implementatio n wil l b e preferred . B . Huma n Healt h The corrective measur e o r measure s mus t compl ywit hexisting U.S . EP A criteria , standards , o r guideline s fo r th e protectio n o f huma n health . Correctiv e measure s whic h provid e th e minimumleve l o f exposur e t o contaminant s an

d the maximu

mreduction i n exposur e wit h tim e ar e preferred . C . Environmenta l The corrective measur e o r measure s posing the leas t advers e impac t (o r greates t improvement ) ove r the shortes t period o f time on the environmen t wil l be favored .

TAS K XI ; REPORT S Th e Responden t shal l prepar e a Correctiv e Measur e Stud yRepor t presenting th e result s o f Tas k VII I throughX and recommending a 

### correctiv e measur e alternative . Copie s o f the preliminary repor t shal l b e provide d b yth e Responden t t o EPAan d SCDHE C fo r revie wan

d EP Afo r approval .' I -10

-

A . Progres s Th e Responden t shal l a t a minimu mprovid e th e EPAan

d SCDHE C wit h signed , monthl yprogres s report s containing : 1 . Adescription an

d estimat e o f the percentag e o f the CM S completed ; 

### 2 . Summarie s o f al l findings ; 3 . Summarie s o f al l change s mad e i n the CMS during the reportin g 

### period ; 4 . Summarie s o f al l contact s wit h representativ e o f th e loca l community , publi c interes t group s o r Stat e governmen t durin g th e reportin g period ; 5 . Summarie s o f al l problems o r potentia l problems encountere d durin g th e reporting period ; 6 . Action s being take n t o rectif yproblems ; 7 . Change s i n the personne l involve d wit hthe CM S durin g reporting period ; 8 . Projecte

d work fo r the nex t reporting period ; an d 9 . Copie s o f dail yreports , inspectio n reports , laboratory/monitoring data , etc . B . Draf t Th e Repor t shal l a t a minimuminclude : 1 . Adescription o f the facility ; a . Sit e topographi c map & preliminarylayouts . 2 . Asummar

yo f the corrective measur e o r measures ; a . Descriptio n o f the corrective measur e o r measure s an d rational e fo r selection ; b . Performanc e expectations ; c . Preliminarydesig n criteri a an d rationale ; d . Genera l operatio n an d maintenanc e requirements ; an d e . Long-ter

mmonitorin g requirements .

## -11

-

3.

- Asummar

yo f the RCR

AFacilit yInvestigatio n an d impac t o n the selecte d corrective measur e o r measures ; a . Fiel d studie s (ground-water , surfac e water , soil , air) ; an d b . Laborator

ystudie s (benc

h scale , pic k scale) . 4 . Desig

n an d Implementation Precautions ; a . Specia l technica l problems ; b . Additiona l engineering dat a required ; c . Permit s an

d regulator

yrequirements ; d . Access , easements , right-of-way ; e . Healt han

d safetyrequirements ; an d f . Communit yrelation s activities . 5 . Cos t Estimate s an

d Schedules ; a . Capita l cos t estimate ; b . Operatio n an

d maintenanc e cos t estimate ; an d c . Projec t schedul e (design , construction , operation) . Copie s o f the draf t shal l be provide d b ythe Responden t t o EP Aan d SCDHEC . C . Fina l The Responden t shal l finaliz e the Corrective Measur e Stud yRepor t incorporatin

g comment s receive d fro mEP Aan d SCDHE C o n the Draf t Correctiv e Measur e Stud

yReport . The repor t shal l becom e fina l upon EP

Aapproval . D . Publi c Revie wan

d Fina l Selectio n o f Corrective Measure s Upon receip t o f the Fina l Corrective Measur e Stud yReport , EPA shal l announc e it s availabilit yt o th e publi c fo r revie wan d comment . A t th e en

d o f th e commen t period , EPAshal l revie wth e comment s and the n infor mth e Responden t o f it s fina l decisio n a s t o the approve d Correctiv e Measure s t o be implemented .-12

-

Facilit ySubmission Sumnar y Asummar yo f the informatio n reportin g requirement s containe d i n the 

### Corrective Measur e Stud yScope o f Work i s presente d below : Facilit ySubmission Due Dat e Draf t CMS Repor t (Task s VIII , IX , an

d X ) Fina l CM S Repor t (Task s VIII , IX , an

d X ) Progres s Report s on Task s VIII , IX , an d X 9 0 days

afte r EP Aapprova l the Fina l RF I 3 0 day s afte r EP A cement o nth e Draf

t CM S MONTHL YATTACHMEN T D COMMUNITY RELATIONS PLA N A T KOPPER S COMPANY , INC .II



# 1 1 1 COMMUNITY RELATION S PLA N KOPPER S COMPANY , INC . FLORENC E COUNTY , SOUT H CAROLIN

A

Prepare d fo r 

# 1 U.S . ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTIO NAGENC Y Offic e o f Wast e Program s Enforcemen t Washington , D.C . 2046 0



# 1 Wor k Assignmen t No . EP ARegio n Contrac t No . Sit e No . ' CD M Federa l Program s Corporatio n (CO M FPC ) Documen t No . Prepare d B y Wor k Assignmen t Projec t Manage r Telephon e Numbe r Primar yContac t Telephon e Numbe r Dat e Prepare d 38 7 IV 68-01-733 1 ABB 2 T387-C04-CR-AYYB- 5 Booz , Alie n & Hamilto n Lauri e Ziegenfu s (301 ) 469-326 8 Barbar a Beno y (404 ) 347-340 2 Novembe r 24 . 198 7

# I

I TABL EO FCONTENT S Communit y Relation s Pla n 

# I Kopper s Company , Inc . Sit e I Florenc e County , Sout h Carolin a 

# I Pag e Numbe r

• Purpos e o f Plan . ................ . l

Sectio n A—Sit e Backgroun d an d Ke yIssues . .. . 2 E 1 . Sit e Histor y............ . 2 t 2 . Communit yProfile . ......... . 4 3 . Histor yan d Analysi s o f 

### « • Communit yConcerns . ........ . 7 

### | 4 . Summar yo f Ke yIssue s an d Communit yConcerns . ........ . 8 fSectio n B —Communit yRelation s Technique s a n d Objectives . .......... . 1 0 £ Sectio n C —Schedul e an d Timeline . ...... . 1 4 

### t Appendi x A—Lis t o f Intereste d Partie s .... . A- l £ A . Federa l Representatives . ...... . A- l

B . Federa l Agenc yOfficial s ...... . A- l

' C . Stat e Representatives . ....... . A- 2 | D . Stat e Officials . .......... . A- 2

E . Count yan d Loca l Official s ..... . A- 3 

### I F . Loca l Media . ............ . A- 4

G . Othe r Intereste d Partie s ...... . A- 6

- Appendi x B —Lis t o f Site s fo r Informatio n 

### Repositor yan d Loca l Meetings . . . . B- l

# I i I I I COMMUNITY RELATION S PLA N KOPPER S COMPANY , INC . SIT E FLORENC E COUNTY , SOUT H CAROLIN

A 

### Thi s Communit yRelation s Pla n describe s communit y 

### concern s relate d t o th e Kopper s Company , Inc . (KCI ) sit e 

### i n Florenc e County , Sout hCarolina . Th e KC I sit e i s regulate d unde r tw o Federa l laws : th e Comprehensiv e Environmenta l Response , Compensatio n and Liabilit yAc t o f 198 0 (CERCLA , calle d Superfund) , a s amende d b yth e 

### Superfund Amendment s and Reauthorizatio n Ac t o f 198 6 (SARA) , and th e Resourc e Conservatio n and Recover yAc t I (RCRA) . Unde r eac hlaw , EP Ai s require d t o develo p a pla n 

### I fo r communit youtreac hprio r t o anymajo r wor k a t th e

site . Thi s pla n outline s propose d communit yrelation s activitie s t o b e conducte d b yRegio n I V

o f th e U.S . Environmenta l Protectio n Agenc y(EPA ) durin g th e investigatio n an d cleanu p o f th e KC I site . Thes e 

### activitie s ar e designe d t o provid e intereste d citizens , officials , an d loca l civi c an d environmenta l organization s wit h genera l informatio n abou t th e Superfun d an d RCRA 

### program s an d specifi c informatio n abou t plans , develop

ments , an d finding s a t th e site . 

# K F

r 

# I I 

# s Th e firs t majo r activitie s schedule d fo r th e KC I sit e

ar e a Remedia l Investigatio n an d Feasibilit yStud y(RI/FS ) unde r Superfun d an d a RCRAFacilit yInvestigatio n an d Correctiv e Measure s Stud y(RFI/CMS ) unde r RCRA . Althoug h 

### governe d b

yseparat e legislation , th e goal s o f thes e activitie s ar e similar : t o characteriz e th e nature , 

### extent , an d rat e o f contaminan t releases , an d t o selec t th e appropriat e remedy . Thi s Communit yRelation s Pla n i s 

### designe d t o provid e EP Awit h th e appropriat e mechanism s 

### fo r respondin g t o existin g concern s o r concern s tha t aris e durin g th e RI/F S an d RFI/CM S processes . 

### I Th e EP ARegio n I V Offic e wil l hav e th e lea d responsibilit yfo r overseein g technica l an d communit y relation s wor k a t th e site . Thi s Communit yRelation s Pla n 

# ( reflect s th e nee d fo r communicatio n an d coordinatio n amon g

EPA , Stat e an d loca l officials , an d intereste d citizen s i n th e community . Communit yconcern s abou t possibl e 

### ground-wate r contaminatio n comin g fro m.th e sit e an d th e potentia l long-ter mhealt heffect s resultin g fro m ground-wate r contaminatio n wil l requir e regula r interactio n among EPA , Stat e an d loca l officials , an d concerne d communit ymembers . Enforcemen t an d permittin g 

### action s byEPA , a s wel l a s th e finding s o f ,th o Remedia l



### -1

- 

# [I I 

# I

d Investigatio n an d Feasibilit yStudy , ma ynecessitat e

modificatio n o f th e communit yrelation s progra mo r 

### I specifi c activitie s detaile d i n thi s plan .

Preparatio n o f thi s Communit yRelation s Pla n involve d 

### th e revie wo f a broa d spectru mo f document s a s wel l a s 

### I persona l an d telephon e interview s wit hloca l citizen s an d • Federal , Stat e an d loca l officials . Th e document s use d

includ e material s obtaine d fro mth e EP ARegio n I V sit e 

# I file , suc h a s th e Hazar d Rankin g Syste mScorin g data , a n EP ASit e Inspectio n Report , and th e RCR AComplain t and Complianc e Order . Stat e document s reviewe d includ e a 

# ( ground-wate r contaminatio n investigatio n repor t and th e

Consen t Orde r issue d b yth e Sout h Carolin a Departmen t o f Healt h an d Environmenta l Contro l (DHEC) . Material s 

### publishe d b

yloca l governmen t agencies , includin g th e Pe e f De e Regiona l Counci l o f Governments , th e Cit yo f Florence , £ an d Florenc e Count ywer e als o use d i n developin g th e



### communit yprofil e section . Newspape r article s i n th e » Florenc e Mornin g New s an d Th e Stat e (Columbia , S.C.) , an d 

### I publication s fro mth e Greate r Florenc e Chambe r o f Commerc e



### wer e als o reviewed . J A . SIT E BACKGROUND AND KE Y ISSUE S



### 1 . Sit e Histor y 

### t Th e KC I sit e i s a 20-acr e woo d treatmen t plan t

locate d 1. 5 mile s eas t o f th e Cit yo f Florence , i n I Florenc e County , Sout h Carolina . Th e plan t i s 

### I situate d acros s U.S . Highwa y76/30 1 fro mth e Florenc e

City-Count yAirpor t an d i s no t visibl e fro mth e highway . Th e area s surroundin g th e KC I facilit yar e 

### I use d fo r commercial , industria l an d residentia l 

### • purposes . T o th e east , Southeaster n Stee l operate s a

meta l fabricatio n plant. T o th e south , a railroa d 

# ( lin e run s pas t th e KC I plan t separatin g i t fro mAi r



### Bas e Heights , a four-bloc k residentia l neighborhoo d o f singl e famil yan d mobil e homes . T o th e northwes t lie s 

### I a n ope n fiel d wit hresidence s beyon d th e field . KC I an d it s predecessor , th e America n Lumbe r an d 

### Treatin g Company , hav e use d thi s sit e a s a woo d 

# ? preservin g plan t fo r mor e tha n thirt yyears . Woo d

product s suc h a s telephon e poles , railroa d tie s an d 

### fencin g materia l hav e bee n treate d a t th e plant . Th e 

# ( preservatio n proces s consist s o f treatin g woo d

product s wit h chemical s suc h a s pentachloropheno l 

### (PCP) , creosot e an d chrorcated-copper-arsenat e (CCA) . Th e plan t als o produce s fire-retardan t woo d product s t

_b yinjectin g th e woo d wit hchemical s suc h a s NCR^ P 

### ^ , 

### • a mixtur e containin g formaldehyd e an d dicyandiamide . 

# f -2

-

# f I I I I I I 

# \ Fro mth e beginnin g o f plan t operation s unti l 197 9



### creosot e and PC P waste s a t th e KC I plan t wer e store d i n two separat e lagoon s locate d i n th e southwes t corne r o f th e site . I n 1979 , th e us e o f thes e lagoon s wa s discontinue d an d th e wast e wa s land-farme d usin g a 

### proces s calle d spra yirrigation . Th e company estimate s tha t th e lagoon s containe d thre e hundre d 

### ton s o f creosot e and PC P wastes . 

# I i 

# i 1 I n 1980 , a loca l residen t notifie d th e Sout h 

# I Carolin a Departmen t o f Healt han d Environmenta l



### Contro l (DHEC ) tha t wate r fro mhi s wel l (abou t 4 1 feet , deep ) ha d a creosot e odo r an d a fou l taste . Othe r 

# ( resident s o f th e same are a (southwes t o f th e site )

indicate d simila r tast e an d odo r problem s wit h thei r wel l water . DHE C official s teste d wel l wate r i n thi s 

### are a and determine d tha t i t containe d a significan t 

# { leve l o f creosote . Som e o f th e majo r component s o f

creosot e ar e know

n t o b e toxi c an d ar e include d o n th e U.S . Environmenta l Protectio n Agency' s (EPA ) priorit y r pollutan t list . I n respons e t o th e finding s a t th e | site , DHE C issue d a Consen t Orde r t o KC I i n Octobe r



### 198 1 requirin g th e Compan yt o determin e th e exten t o f ground-wate r contamination . Sinc e 1980 , furthe r investigation s b yEPA , DHE C an d th e Companyhav e documente d ground-wate r contaminatio n o f th e shallo waquife r byphenols , PC P 

### an d polycycli c aromati c hydrocarbon s (PAHs) . A shallo waquife r i s th e undergroun d water-bearin g 

### geologica l formatio n closes t t o groun d surface . Th e chemical s foun d i n th e shallo waquife r beneat hth e KC I sit e ar e EP Apriorit ypollutant s an d ar e suspecte d t o 

### b e cancer-causin g agents , o r carcinogens . I n respons e t o th e furthe r negotiation s wit h DHEC , KC I pai d fo r th e extensio n o f Florenc e cit y 

### wate r line s t o th e resident s southwes t o f th e plant , whos e well s wer e contaminated . Th e wate r fo r th e Florenc e municipa l systemi s pumpe d fro mdee p well s locate d throughou t th e City . Tw o o f th e wells , 

### locate d a t Ballar d an d Pin e Streets , withi n on e mil e o f th e sit e suppl yapproximatel y2 3 percen t o f th e City' s water . Th e well s dra wwate r fro mth e Tuscaloss a (als o know n a s th e Middendorf ) an d th e shallowe r Blac k Cree k aquifers . 

### Th e KC I sit e i s bein g regulate d unde r RCRA— specificall ya s i t wa s amende d i n 198 4 t o requir e correctiv e actions , wher e necessary , a t an yoperatin g facilitie s tha t store , manufactur e o r trea t hazardou s 

### wastes , i n orde r fo r thos e facilitie s t o continu e

-3

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# I U L



# I



# I r I

I 

### permitte d operations . EP ARegio n I V i s pursuin g correctiv e action s a t th e KC I plan t fo r th e protectio n o f groun d water . Du e t o th e contaminatio n o f off-sit e groun d 

### water , th e KC I sit e wa s adde d t o EPA' s Nationa l I Prioritie s Lis t (NPL ) i n 198 4 unde r th e Superfund * programtha t deal s wit h ol d o r abandone d hazardou s



### wast e sites . Th e NP L i s a priorit yranke d lis t o f 

# ( site s tha t hav e seriou s enough condition s t o b e

cleane d u

p unde r Federa l authorit yo r b yus e o f 

### Federa l funds . Unde r thi s program , EP Aha s reviewe d 

# ( th e investigation s and activitie s performe d b yKC I t o determin e i f theyfulfil l th e requirement s fo r a 

### Remedia l Investigatio n an d Feasibilit yStud yo r a RCRA Facilit yInvestigatio n Correctiv e Measure s Study . EP A * ha s determine d tha t mor e ground-wate r testin g i s 

### k neede d t o complet e thes e studies , and i s negotiatin g

wit h th e Kopper s Compan yt o d o thi s testing . 

### p 2 . Communit yProfil e

r 

### Th e KC I sit e i s situate d i n th e norther n portio n 

### | o f Florenc e County , a n 80 4 squar e mil e regio n o f

predominantl yfla t terrai n bordere d b ya majo r river , th e Grea t Pe e Dee , o n th e east . Th e count yitsel f i s 

### locate d i n northeaster n Sout h Carolin a withi n a on e 

### t an d a half-hou r driv e fro mth e Atlanti c Coas t an d th e

popula r vacatio n spo t o f Myrtl e Beach . Florenc e an d 

### rfiv e surroundin g countie s ar e know n a s th e Pe e De e t Region , name d afte r th e rive r whic hflow s sout hint o

Winya h Ba yo n th e Sout h Carolin a coast . Th e Regio n ha s a mil d climat e tha t i s characteristi c o f th e 

### I southeaster n Unite d States . Th e climat e i s favorabl e * fo r agricultura l productio n becaus e i t allow s betwee n

22 0 an d 25 0 freeze-fre e day s pe r year . Rainfal l i n £ th e Regio n i s moderat e an d fairl ypredictable , I althoug h drought s hav e occurred . 

### Florenc e Count yi s historicall ya n agricultura l area . Almos t hal f o f th e Count yi s compose d o f farmlan d —mos t whic hi s cultivate d fo r ro wcrop s 

### suc h a s corn , so ybean s and tobacco . Recently , farmer s hav e bee n tryin g t o diversif ythei r crops ; th e loca l Agricultura l Extensio n Offic e note d tha t a lo t o f farmer s wer e intereste d i n growin g mor e produce . 

### Bu t ove r th e pas t te n year s th e County' s agricultura l 

### outpu t decline d sharply . Depresse d price s fo r al l

-4

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# I i I



# I

I

& 

# I crop s an d th e mov e towar d larger , mechanize d farm s ha s



### drive n some smal l farmer s ou t o f business . Th e County' s economi c pictur e i s changing . Whil e th e agricultura l pictur e i s bleak , loca l official s an d busines s leader s describ e industr yi n th e Count ya s booming . Severa l ne windustria l an d cominerica l facilitie s hav e bee n establishe d withi n th e pas t fe w 

### year s around th e Cit yo f Florenc e o r th e Greate r 

### developmen t program . Thi s progra mha s entice d several , majo r corporations , suc h a s Genera l Electric , Blu e 

### Cross-Blu e Shield , an d Dupon t t o buil d ne wfacilitie s o r expand thei r presen t facilitie s i n th e County . Th e progra mha s als o develope d Florenc e Countya s a prim e 

### locatio n fo r smal l busines s byofferin g service s t o companie s wh o ope n facilitie s i n th e County , suc ha s economi c plannin g assistanc e o r employe e trainin g program s throug hth e Florence-Darlingto n Technica l 

### College . Thi s upswin g i n industria l activit yha s resulte d i n urbanizatio n an d populatio n growth . Betwee n 197 0 

### an d 198 0 th e numbe r o f peopl e livin g i n urba n area s increase d byninet ypercent . Th e County' s estimate d 198 6 populatio n o f 18,30 0 i s a 7. 4 percen t increas e 

### ove r th e 198 0 censu s figure . Local leader s attribut e 

### muc ho f thi s populatio n growt ht o industria l developmen t an d t o loca l stride s t o improv e th e qualit yo f life . Thos e includ e project s suc h a s a propose d civi c arena , a propose d art s museu man d refurbishmen t o f downtow n areas . Loca l leader s als o 

### spok e optimisticall yo f effort s byth e Huma n Affairs ' Committe e o f th e Florenc e Economi c Developmen t Commissio n t o addres s cultura l difference s i n th e 

### changin g communit yan d respon d t o employmen t trainin g 

### needs . Whil e statin g tha t Cit yan d Count yperspective s diffe r o n som e issue s suc h a s annexation . Count yan d 

### Cit yofficial s describe d effort s o f mutua l cooperatio n t o achiev e thes e industria l developmen t an d 

### guality-of-lif e goals . Successfu l venture s suc ha s tw o industria l park s an d extensio n o f Florenc e Cit y wate r an d sewe r line s int o industria l section s o f th e 

### Count yar e cite d bybot hgroup s o f leaders . Fo r it s part , th e Cit yo f Florenc e als o offer s ta x advantage s an d ha s investe d i n th e constructio n o f recreationa l facilitie s t o attrac t newcomers . 

### Th e Cit yo f Florenc e i s th e Florenc e Count ysea t an d represent s mor e tha n on e quarte r o f th e County' s

-5

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### I population . A198 6 estimat e o f 32,40 0 resident s show s

Florenc e t o b e on e o f th e larges t citie s i n Sout h 

# } Carolina . Establishe d a s a rai l terminal , Florenc e i s

stil l a regiona l hu b fo r th e CS X Corporation' s •Seaboard System s Railroad . Th e Cit yals o lie s a t th e intersectio n o f tw o majo r interstat e routes , 1-9 5 and I 1-20 . It s locatio n make s i t a majo r crossroad s fo r 

### • commerica l an d vacatio n traffic . Cit yleader s se e



### touris ma s a yet-to-be-develope d resource . I A s a resul t o f growth , an d i n orde r t o increas e



### th e ta x base , cit yleader s ar e considerin g plan s t o 

# ( annex certai n unincorporate d area s o f th e Count ytha t

abu t th e Cit yproperty . Plan s fo r annexatio n cente r 

### mostl yo n th e wes t sid e o f tow n whic hi s awa yfro mth e KC I site . Cit yleader s explaine d tha t mos t industra l I developmen t ha s take n plac e nea r industria l park s t o 

### " th e west . Furthermore , the ystate d annexatio n o f

propertie s nea r th e sit e woul d no t ad d t o th e ta x bas e 

# I sufficientl yt o compensat e fo r th e increas e i n



### municipa l service s tha t woul d b e offered .

_Th e communit ymos t directl yaffecte d byth e KC I 

### " sit e i s th e Ai r Bas e Height s area , locate d i n a n

unincorporate d sectio n o f th e County , on e mil e eas t o f 

### th e city . Th e communit yi s approximatel yon e quarte r 

### | o f a mil e southwes t o f th e plant , directl yacros s th e f t Seaboar d System s Railroa d tracks . Thi s communit yo f

approximatel ytwenty-fiv e singl e famil yhome s an d 

# E trailer s i s bordere d byU.S . Highwa y76/30 1 o n th e



### south , Da yStree t Extensio n o n th e north , Cromwel l Driv e o n th e eas t an d Ne wStree t o n th e west . Ai r 

### Bas e Height s i s describe d byresident s an d loca l 

### I leader s a s a smal l communit yo f lo wt o moderat e incom e • families . Althoug h it is primaril yresidential , a few



### smal l businesse s suc ha s a n auto-repai r garag e an d a f f servic e vehicl e lo t ar e locate d i n th e area . I t i s reporte d tha t du e t o th e lac k o f drinkabl e 

# ( wel l wate r an d du e t o th e area's proximit yt o industr y

suc h a s KCI , Southeaster n Stee l an d th e CS X railroa d switchin g yard , resident s wh o wer e abl e t o d o s o hav e 

### move d fro mAi r Bas e Heights . Som e curren t resident s f o f thi s are a state d tha t i f no t fo r economi c reason s 

### » the ywoul d mov e out . Severa l house s i n th e are a ar e



### fo r sale , bu t a residen t note d tha t n o on e want s t o f f buythem . Other s expresse d varyin g degree s o f hop e 

### F abou t sellin g thei r property . Sinc e th e extensio n o f

cit ywate r t o th e communit yth e issu e o f drinkabl e wate r ha s becom e les s o f a concern . On e official , I t hovever , sai d tha t th e righ t t o drin k wel l wate r i s



### importan t t o peopl e i n thi s community .

-6

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# I i I I I I f

- . F * UU> • D



# i I I f Wit hth e airport , industry , an d downtow n Florenc e 

### al l withi n a four-mil e radiu s o f th e neighborhood , man yo f th e resident s wor k i n commercia l o r industria l jobs . N o activ e communit yo r civi c organization s wer e 

### riote d i n thi s area , bu t resident s reporte d activ e affiliatio n wit h th e loca l churches . 3 . Histor yan

d Analysi s o f Communit yConcern s 

### Resident s o f Ai r Bas e Height s recalle d th e proble mo f a fou l odo r i n thei r wel l wate r 2 0 year s ago . Ther e ar e n o record s t o indicat e tha t actio n wa s take n abou t th e wate r proble ma t tha t time , bu t loca l 

### resident s repor t tha t theywondere d i f i t wa s relate d t o KC I operations . DHE C official s note d tha t KC I ha s a long histor yo f problem s wit h contaminate d runof f int o soi l an

d surfac e water . I n th e 1970' s citizen s 

### downstreamo f th e sit e complaine d t o DHE C abou t th e qualit yo f wate r i n th e streams , causin g DHE C t o investigat e an d forc e KC I t o correc t thes e problems . Th e firs t recorde d citize n complain t abou t privat e wel l wate r nea r th e sit e wa s i n 1980 . I n tha t 

### year , a residen t i n th e Ai r Bas e Height s communit y too k a sampl e o f hi s wel l wate r t o th e regiona l DHE C 

### offic e i n Florence . H e expresse d concer n tha t th e wate r ha d a stron g creosot e odo r an d a "bad " taste . DHE C teste d th e citizen' s wel l an d conducte d mor e testin g i n th e are a around hi s house . Result s o f thi s testin g showe d tha t th e privat e well s i n th e Ai r Bas e Height s communit ywer e contaminate d wit hcreosote . Tw o loca l resident s o f th e Ai r Bas e Height s communit yals o file d a lawsui t claimin g tha t KC I wa s 

### negligen t b

yno t storin g it s wast e properly . Th e 

### lawsui t allege s tha t KC I cause d sever e healt hproblem s i n peopl e wh o dran k privat e wel l wate r i n th e are a nea r th e site . Whil e th e leve l o f citize n concer n i n th e 

### affecte d communit yi s high , th e leve l o f actio n i s low . Thi s wa s eviden t i n discussion s wit h State , Countyan d loca l officials , wh o sai d the yhav e hear d little , i f any , concer n expresse d abou t th e sit e fro m 

### resident s o f th e affecte d communit yo r peopl e livin g elsewher e i n th e area . Mos t peopl e interviewe d wer e 

### unawar e o f an

yproblem s a t th e sit e and n o on e reporte d th e existenc e o f an ycommittee s forme d o r 

### meeting s hel d t o addres s th e proble mo f ground-wate r contaminatio n i n th e are a aroun d th e site .

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# I U L y,' '

1

1

I

I

1 

# i

I I I Althoug hsevera l article s hav e bee n publishe d i n



### th e loca l newspaper , fe wpeopl e outsid e th e affecte d communit ywer e awar e o f th e site' s hazardou s wast e 

### problems . Mos t electe d official s state d tha t the y wer e unawar e o f th e fac t tha t th e sit e wa s o n th e NP L o r tha t ther e wa s an yFedera l involvemen t a t th e 

### site . Minima l communicatio n wa s reporte d betwee n th e peopl e affecte d b

yth e ground-wate r contaminatio n an d 

### Stat e and loca l officials . 4 . Summar yo f Ke yIssue s and Communit yConcern s 

### Interview s wit hloca l official s and resident s i n th e sit e are a reveale d tha t thei r primar yconcern s cente r o n wate r quality , availabilit yo f information , an d healt heffects . I n additio n t o thes e majo r concerns , busines s leader s wer e concerne d abou t th e possibl e negativ e effect s fro mmedi a coverag e o f th e 

### sit e proble m—specificall yan yescalatio n o f alar m tha t migh t occur , an d abou t th e impac t o f governmen t 

### interventio n int o business . Th e majo r concern s ar e describe d a s follows : a . Wate r Qualit y 

### Thoug hresident s i n th e are a wher e well s F wer e determine d t o b e contaminate d wer e pu t o n 

### f c Cit ywater , som e businesse s wer e reporte d t o b e usin g wel l water . Furthermore , som e peopl e mlivin g northwes t o f th e sit e stil l rel yo n wel l I wate r draw n fro mth e region' s uppermos t aquifer , th e Pe e De e aquifer. Concer n fo r thes e resident s wa s expresse d byDHE C official s an d are a 

### i resident s expresse d concer n tha t ground-wate r • oualit vi n aenera l b e protected . 

### qualit yi n genera l b e protected . Discussion s wit h Stat e an d loca l officials , 

### electe d leader s an d citizen s reveale d th e followin g concerns :



### Som e peopl e t o th e northwes t o f th e "sit e ar e usin g privat e wel l wate r an d 

### official s ar e concerne d abou t th e potentia l fo r futur e contaminatio n i n thi s area .



### • . Some businesse s i n th e Ai r Bas e Height s | -are a wher e wel l contaminatio n ha d 

### occurre d refuse d Cit ywate r an d stil l 

### us e privat e wel l water . I

# I i 

# i

I \ A n organi c deca ysmel l wa s reporte d i n wate r a t a nearb

yindustria l facility . 

### Plan s fo r KC I t o discharg e effluen t fro mit s futur e wast e pre-treatmen t 

### facilit yint o th e City' s sewe r syste m 

### I hav e prompte d loca l concer n abou t th e * safet yo f th e wate r supply . I b . Availabilit yo f Informatio n Interviewee s repeatedl yexpresse d concer n • ove r lac k o f information . Mos t peopl e contacte d 

### I knewabou t th e KC I facility , bu t di d no t associat e i t wit h an yproblems . Theywer e unawar e o f th e site' s NP L listing o r an yothe r | Federa l action . Littl e medi a coverag e wa s give n I t o th e site ; othe r tha n contact s wit h resident s 

### o f th e Ai r Bas e Height s community , DHE C official s di d no t repor t an

ycommunit youtreac hprograms . 

# i f I I 

# i I Th e healt ho f peopl e wh o dran k th e

_contaminate d groun d wate r nea r th e sit e wa s th e 

### i majo r concer n o f th e resident s i n th e immediat e sit e area . Th e pendin g lawsui t deal s wit h allegation s o f KC I responsibilit yi n th e 

### I developmen t o f leukemi a i n a youn g chil d whos e mothe r live d nea r th e sit e an d dran k privat e wel l wate r durin g he r pregnancy . Th e kin d o f informatio n interviewee s sough t 

### included : A t wha t ste p i s th e KC I sit e i n th e

Superfund/RCR

Aprocess ? Wil l EP Asuppl yinformatio n tha t th e 

### publi c ca n us e an d understand ? Whyi s th e onl yinformatio n abou t thi s sit e comin g fro mKCI ? 

### I s th e loca l newspape r providin g th e kin d o f attentio n th e sit e deserves ? 

### c . Healt h

Concern s abou t th e healt heffect s centere d primaril yo n peopl e wh o dran k th e contaminate d 

### groun d water . Concern s wer e expresse d suc has :

# i i I i i Uu



# I I 

# r

I 

# F I Wha t ar e th e long-termhealt h effect s o f th e contaminant s found i n th e 

### privat e wells ? Wh ydidn' t DHE C tes t th e sample s t o f c 

### ' determin e th e exac t caus e and leve l o f 

### I contaminatio n o f th e privat e wells ? Wha t wil l b e th e healt heffect s o n th e peopl e wh o stil l ge t thei r wate r i 

### th e contaminate d Pe e De e aquifer ? B . COMMUNITY RELATION S TECHNIQUE S AN D OBJECTIVE S 

### | peopl e wh o stil l ge t thei r wate r fro m 

# I Th e followin g communit yrelation s technique s an d



### objective s ar e suggeste d fo r thi s site : 1 . Establis ha n Informatio n Contac t Objective : T o provid e accurat e and timel y response s t o question s fro mresidents , Stat e an d loca l 

### officials , civi c group s an d th e medi a throughou t th e Superfund/RCR

Aproces s an d t o coordinat e communicatio n 

### wit hothe r official s and agencie s suc ha s th e Agenc y fo r Toxi c Substanc e an d Diseas e Registr y(ATSDR) . Thi s i s especiall yimportan t a t thi s sit e du e t o th e dua l program s involve d an d th e confusio n tha t ma y resul t fro mthi s unusua l circumstance . Method : Glen n May , th e EP AComplianc e Office r 

### fo r th e KC I site , i n coordinatio n wit hMichae l Henderso n o f EP ARegio n I V Communit yRelation s staff , wil l b e availabl e t o respon d t o question s fro m intereste d parties . (Se e Appendi x Afo r addresse s an d phon e number s fo r th e above. ) 2 . Establis han d Maintai n a n Informatio n Repositor y 

# I \ I Objective : T o ensur e tha t current , accurate , 

# ( understandabl e informatio n i s availabl e t o intereste d



### parties . Method : Fac t sheets , sit e report s (e.g. , th e 

### Communit yRelation s Plan , th e Revie wo f RI/F S Documents , an d th e fina l RI/F S report ) an d othe r pertinen t sit e information , a s wel l a s genera l informatio n abou t th e Superfun d an d RCRAprograms , 

### wil l b e include d i n th e repository . Th e repositor y wil l b e locate d i n th e mai n branc ho f th e Florenc e Count yPubli c Librar yi n Florence , S.C . (Se e Appendi x B fo r th e contact , addres s an d phon e numbe r 

### fo r th e library. ) -10

- »

# I i I f 

# I I I

r 

# f I I

I 

# 1 f I I 3 . Fac t Sheet s and Update s o n Sit e Progres s fo r Are a Resident s an d Othe r Intereste d Partie s Objective : T o provid e th e communit ywit h factua l informatio n abou t Superfund , RCRA , th e KC I sit e an d 

### sit e activities . 

### Method : Basi c informatio n abou t th e Superfund and RCR Aprogram s and enforcemen t proces s wil l b e provided . (Thi s activit yma yb e satisfie d b yusin g 

### existin g EP Abrochure s o r othe r materials , o r ma yb e include d a s par t o f a site-specifi c fac t sheet) . A site-specifi c fac t shee t wil l b e develope d b yEP A technica l staf f t o explai n th e purpos e o f a n RI/F S and a n RFI/CMS , genera l activitie s durin g th e RI/F S o r RFI/CMS , and th e enforcemen t process . A n additiona l fac t sheet(s ) explainin g an d summarizin g th e finding s o f th e RI/F S an d th e nex t 

### step s t o b e take n a t th e site , wil l b e prepared . Th e rational e fo r EPA' s remedia l actio n plan s wil l b e explaine d i n th e fac t sheet , a s wil l fact s tha t ar e know n an d question s tha t remai n regardin g th e site . EP Awil l wor k wit h th e Agenc yo f Toxi c Substance s an d 

### Diseas e Registr yt o ensur e tha t accurat e informatio n 

### i s reporte d o n potentia l healt heffects . I n additio n t o mailings , EP Ama ydistribut e fac t sheet s byworkin g i n cooperatio n wit h th e are a churches , whic h appea r t o 

### b e a goo d sourc e o f communicatio n wit ha larg e sectio n 

### o f th e populace . 4 . Informa l Meeting s wit h Are a Residents , Citize n . Groups , Loca l an d Stat e Officials , a s Neede d 

### » Objective : T o continu e t o monito r an d asses s

concerns , an d promot e communicatio n wit h loca l official s an d communit ymembers . 

### Method : Smal l meeting s ma yb e hel d wit h loca l official s an d are a residents . Th e purpos e o f th e meeting s woul d b e to : (a ) establis ha n EP Acontac t an d presenc e i n th e communit yan d (b ) acquain t 

### official s an d intereste d citizen s wit hth e Superfun d an d RCR Aenforcemen t proces s a s wel l a s th e goa l an d proces s o f a Remedia l Investigatio n an d Feasibilit y Stud yan d RCRApermittin g action . 

### I f ther e i s interest , a meetin g (o r serie s o f meetings ) ma yb e hel d befor e completio n o f th e RI/F S 

### o r RFI/CM S t o explai n th e purpos e an d rational e fo r EPA' s activitie s and-"t o answe r questions . Becaus e 

### ther e i s particula r "interes t i n potentia l healt h

-11

-

### f c effect s an d ground-wate r quality , i t i s recommende d 

### tha t representative s wit hknowledg e o f healt han d • technica l issue s attend thes e meetings .

5 . Update s wit hStat e an d Loca l Official s an d Ke y Are a Residents , a s Neede d 

# I

I

i I f Objective : T o infor mofficial s and ke y

intereste d group s o r individual s o f th e schedul e o f RFI/CMS , and t o continu e t o monito r communit yconcerns , Method : Count yofficials , DHE C officials , and ke yare a resident s wil l b e informe d b yEP Aabou t al l sit e activitie s (subjec t t o change s i n th e enforcemen t activitie s b

yEPA) . Notificatio n o f an ysignifican t 

### delay s o r change s i n th e schedul e o f on-sit e activitie s wil l b e provide d byperiodi c updates . Thi s activit yeffectivel ycomplement s th e us e o f informa l 

### meetings . 6 . New s Release s 

### rObjective : T o ensur e tha t th e medi a an d genera l

publi c receiv e accurat e informatio n o n th e finding s 

### an d development s a s the yoccur . Method : New s release s wil l b e issue d a s neede d 

### an d upo n completio n o f majo r milestone s suc ha s th e RI/F S o r RFI/CMS . (See Appendi x A , Sectio n F fo r loca l medi a contac t information. ) 7 . Publi c Notic e 

### Objective : T o provid e officia l notic e o f publi c 

### meeting s an d publi c commen t periods . I Method : EP ARegio n I V Communit yRelation s staf f 

### wil l b e responsibl e fo r providin g publi c notic e a t I leas t on e t o tw o week s prio r t o a publi c meetin g o r I publi c commen t period . Thi s publi c notic e ma ytak e

th e for mo f a displa ya d and/o r a n announcemen t i n th e 

### lega l notic e sectio n o f are a newspaper s an d broadcas t 

### I vi a loca l radi o an d televisio n publi c servic e * announcements . (Se e Appendi x A , Sectio n F fo r th e

lega l advertisin g an d publi c servic e announcemen t f information. ) 

### i 8 . Publi c Meetin g

- " Objective : T o facilitat e publi c inpu t o n majo r



### Agenc ydecision s concernin g \_h e sic& . 

### -12

-

# i \ I

*



# I 

# u

Method : Onc e th e RI/F S o r RFI/CM S i s complete d 

### and communicatio n ha s bee n achieve d i n th e communit y throug h informa l contacts , a publi c meetin g ma yb e held , i f ther e i s interest , t o explai n th e majo r conclusion s o f th e RI/F S o r th e RFI/CMS . Th e degre e 

### o f publi c participatio n an d informatio n availabl e fo r 

### publi c commen t maychang e subjec t t o th e developmen t o f EPA' s enforcemen t efforts . 9 . Publi c Commen t Period s Objective : T o provid e fo r publi c inpu t t o 

### site-relate d issue s and decisions . I U



### Method : A t certai n milestone s i n dealin g wit h Superfund sites , publi c commen t period s wil l b e held , F fo r example , whe n th e RI/F S o r RFI/CM S i s completed . L Aminimu mthirty-da ypubli c commen t perio d wil l allo w

member s o f th e publi c t o commen t o n th e F S o r CMS . I n r addition , publi c commen t period s ma yb e provide d prio r 

### | t o EP Adecision s o n othe r majo r sit e actions , fo r

exampl e o n possibl e deletio n o f th e sit e fro mth e NPL , o r o n cleanu p activities .

• 10 . Responsivenes s Summar y I Objective : T o ensur e tha t publi c inpu t an d 

### ^ comment s ar e considere d byEP Adecision-makers . ^ Method : Followin g a publi c commen t period , a I Responsivenes s Summar ywil l b e written , summarizin g

publi c concern s an d issue s raise d durin g th e publi c commen t period . Th e Responsivenes s Summar ywil l accompan yth e appropriat e decisio n document . 

### 11 . Communit yRelation s Pla n Revision s Objective : T o reflec t change s i n th e leve l an d natur e o f communit yconcer n durin g th e RI/F S o r 

### RFI/CMS , change s i n planne d activitie s base d o n th e result s o f th e RI/F S o r RFI/CMS , an d change s i n EPA' s enforcemen t efforts . 

# { Method : Th e Communit yRelation s Pla n wil l b e

revise d i f ther e ar e indication s o f majo r change s i n 

### th e enforcemen t proces s o r communit yconcerns .

-13

-C SCHEDUL E AN D TIMELIN E

Communityrelation s activitie s a t th e KC I sit e wil l b e conducte d b yGlen n May , th e EP ARegio n I V Complianc e Office r an d Michae l Henderson .

-~ 3 th e EP ARegio n I V Superfuii d Communit yRelation s Coordinator . Technica l an d communit yrelation s contrac t assistanc e ma yals o b e involved .

- a s requeste d b yEPA . Communit yrelation s activitie s a t th e KC I sit e ma yb e implemente d an d shoul d coincid e wit hth e technica l milestone s

--- . fo r th e site . Projecte d activate s ma yb e modifie s a s a resul t o f enforcemen t action s take n b yEPA . Technica l Milestone s Communit yRelation s ____Technique______

_Purin a RI/F S Completio n o f RI/F S Deletio n o f Sit e Selectio n o f Remed y UInformatio n Contact s _________-__----.-------_------..-- - . updat e informatio n contact s a s neede d ------------------ - 2 ) Informatio n Repositor y———— - —— —— —--_.---.--.----.---- - updat e repositorie s a s neede d ——————————----------- - 3 ) Fac t sheet s an d Update s XX X X 4 ) Informa l Heeling s - —--x----------------------- - mee t wit hresidents/group s a s neede d —— ————————- - —------- - 5 ) Telephon e updates , a s neede d __-_--_----_------__--_---_-_-_-----------_- - —------------ - ——————————————————-------- - 6 ) New s Releases 1 XX X X 7 ) Publi c Notic e an d X X X Mail-i n Coupo n B ) Publi c Meetin g X X 9 ) Publi c Coinnen t Perio d X 10 ) Responsivenes s SummaryX 11 ) Communit yRelation s ————-__---_..--_—..________.-----_ - j f significan t change s \ ncommunit yInteres t o r EP A--- - Pla n revision s enforcemen t effort s occur . NOTE : . Adfill£ 4 lin e indicate s continuou s activities .

1 4

# f *



# I I I I

« • 

# I I I I APPENDI X A—LIS T O F INTERESTE D PARTIE S 

### I A . Federa l Representative s

•Senato r Stro mThurmond 

# J 21 8 Russel l Senat e Offic e Buildin g

Washington , D C 2051 0 (202 ) 224-597 2 

### I Senato r Ernes t P . Rolling s



### 12 5 Russel l Senat e Offic e Buildin g

- Washington , D C 2051 0 I (202 ) 224-612 1



### Representativ e Robi n Tallo n (Sixt h District ) f 43 2 Canno n Hous e Offic e Buildin g 

### f Washington , D C 2051 5

(202 ) 225-331 5

r 

### | B . Federa l Agenc yOfficial s

Mr . Glen n Ma y 

### Complianc e Office r U.S . Environmenta l Protectio n Agenc y 34 5 Courtlan d St. , N E 

### Regio n I V Atlanta , G A3036 5 (404 ) 347-760 3 

### Mr . Car l Terr y 

### U.S . Environmenta l Protectio n Agenc y 

### Regio n I V 34 5 Courtlan d St. , N E Atlanta , G A3036 5 (404 ) 347-300 4 

### Ms . J o An n Benant e U.S . Environmenta l Protectio n Agenc y 

### Regio n I V 34 5 Courtlan d St. , N E 

### Atlanta , GA3036 5 (404 ) 347-760 3 

### Mr . Wayn e Le e Regiona l Counse l U.S . Environmenta l Protectio n Agenc y 

### Regio n I V 34 5 Courtlan d St. , N E Atlanta , G A3036 5 (404 ) 347-264 1

A- l

# I k 

# I U



# I I I I f Mr . Michae l Henderso n

Superfund Communit yRelation s Coordinato r 

### U.S . Environmenta l Protectio n Agenc y Regio n I V 34 5 Courtlan d St. , N E Atlanta , G

A3036 5 (404 ) 347-300 4 

### Mr . Chuc k Pietrosewic z 

### Agenc yfo r Toxi c Substance s and Diseas e Registr y (ATSDR ) 

### U.S . Environmenta l Protectio n Agenc y 34 5 Courtland St. , N E Atlanta , GA3036 5 (404 ) 347-223 4 

### C . Stat e Representative s Governo r Caroi l Campbel l Th e Capito l P.O . Bo x 1136 9 

### Columbia , S C 2921 1 (803 ) 734-981 8 

### Senato r Hug h Leatherma n 

### Th e Stat e Senat e P.O . Bo x 1186 7 

### Columbia , S C 2921 1 (803 ) 734-289 6 

### Representativ e Bill yMcLeo d 

### Th e Stat e Hous e o f Representative s P.O . Bo x 1186 7 Columbia , S C 2921 1 (803 ) 734-302 8 

### D . Stat e Official s 

### Commissione r Michae l D . Jarret t S.C . Departmen t o f Healt h an d Environmenta l Contro l 260 0 Bul l St . 

### Columbia , S C 2920 1 (803 ) 734-488 0 

### I Mr . Warre n Hard y



### Directo r o f Publi c Affair s 

# I S.C . Departmen t o f Healt han d Environmenta l Contro l

260 0 Bul l St . 

### Columbia , S C 2920 1 (803 ) 734-503 8 k 

# I 

# i I i

i A- 2 I

# I 

# I 

# I i I 

# r

;



# I I 

# F I Mr . W . Jame s Kelley , Jr .

Distric t Hazardou s Wast e Consultan t 

### Pe e De e Distric t S.C . Departmen t o f Healt h and Environmenta l Contro l 320 4 Industria l Blvd. , Rt . 1 1 Florence , S C 2950 1 (803 ) 662-352 2 

### Mr . Mario n R . Rembert , P.E . S.C . Departmen t o f Healt h an d Environmenta l Contro l 320 4 Industria l Blvd. , Rt . 1 1 Florence , S C 2950 1 (803 ) 662-352 2 

### Mr . Chri s Stato n 

### Burea u o f Soli d an d Hazardou s Wast e Managemen t S.C . Departmen t o f Healt h an d Environmenta l Contro l 260 0 Bul l St . 

### Columbia , S C 2920 1 (803 ) 734-520 0 

### E . Count yan d Loca l Official s } Mr . Barr yL . Elliot t 

### • Count yAdministrato r

Drawe r G I City-Count yComple x E , Florence , S C 2950 1

(803 ) 665-303 6 

### Mr . Jame s H . Schafe r Directo r o f Genera l Service s Count yo f Florenc e 

### Drawe r G City-Count yComple x Florence , S C 2950 1 (803 ) 665-303 4 

### Mr . Ji mR . Harwel l Florenc e Count yCounci l Membe r (Sixt h District ) Rt . 1 , Mar s Bluf f Communit y 

### Florence , S C 2950 1 (803 ) 669-673 0 

### Mr . Jerr yM . Keit h Florenc e Count yCounci l Membe r (Sevent h District ) 12 0 Sout h Coi t St . 

### Florence , S C 2950 1 (803 ) 662-880 8



# r A- 3

# i

i i \ \

t » 

# i i Rev . Vandrot h Backu s

Florenc e Count yCounci l Membe r (Thir d District ) 45 0 Nort h Darga n St . Florence , S C 2950 1 (803 ) 662-053 9 

### Mr . Pete r D . Hyroan Count yAttorne y P.O . Bo x 177 0 

### Florence , S C 2950 1 (803 ) 662-632 1 

### Mr . A.J . Kinde r 

### Count yDirecto r o f Agricultura l Extensio n P.O . Bo x 1349 9 

### Florence , S C 2950 1 (803 ) 662-871 9 

### Mayo r Jo e W . "Rocky " Pearc e Mayo r o f Florenc e 

### Drawe r A

A City-Count yComple x Florence , S C 2950 1 (803 ) 665-315 1 

### Mr . Forres t M . Whittingto n Cit yEnginee r Drawe r E E 

### City-Count yComple x Florence , S C 2950 1 (803 ) 665-323 8 

### Mr . J.C . Alexande r Presiden t 

### M r . Gre g Dea s 

### Chie f Wind yHil l Voluntee r Fir e Departmen t P.O . Bo x 1518 0 

### Quinby , S C 2950 1 (803 ) 662-205 0 

### F . Loca l Medi a 

### 1 . Newspaper s Th e Florenc e Mornin g New s (Daily ) 14 1 Sout h Irb ySt . 

### Florence , S C 2950 1 (803 ) 669-177 1 

### Editor : Do n Gordo n

A- 4

# I

I Lega l Advertising : Dan a Jorda n Deadline : Thre e day s prio r t o publicatio n • Cost : 60 # pe r lin e 

### I Circulation : 32,00 0 weekl y 34,00 0 Sunda

y 

### I Th e Florenc e New s an d Shoppe r (Weekly , o n Wednesday ) • 14 6 Wes t Evan s St . Florence , S C 2950 1 (803 ) 667-965 6 

# I Lega l Advertising : Ji mHarri s 

# ( Deadline : Frida yCO B fo r Wednesdaypublicatio n Cost : 67 £ pe r lin e Circulation : 38,00 0 (maile d fre e t o Florenc e 

### residents ) i

_2 . Radi o Station s r WJKX-AM/F M I Bo x FM106 X 

### Florence , S C 2950 1 (803 ) 667-956 9 

### f Send Publi c Servic e Announcement s t o Tamm y Gallowa y I WOLS-A M | P.O . Bo x 249 7 

### Florence , S C 2950 3 r(803 ) 665-123 0 

### I Operation s Manager : Ric hKincai d 

### Send Publi c Servic e Announcement s thre e day s prio r t o even t 

# i I

w 

# \ WYNN-A M 

### 17 0 Eas t Palmett o St . Florence , S C 2950 1 (803 ) 662-636 4 

### PS ADirector : Jani s Bucot e 

### Sen d Publi c Servic e Announcement s on e wee k prio r 

### t o even t 3 . Televisio n Station s WGTW-TV , Channe l 1 3 

### CB S Affiliat e 343 0 T.V . Roa d 

### Florence , S C 2950 1 (803 ) 662-156 5 

### Assignmen t Editor : Ji mGriffi n

A- 5

# I U! U. '



# I I

I I I I 

# i t 

# I I 

# r WJPM-TV , Channe l 3 3 PB S Affiliat e 

### 271 2 Millwoo d Ave . Columbia , S C 2920 5 (803 ) 758-723 8 

### WPDE-TV , Channe l 1 5 AB C Affiliat e Bo x F-1 5 

### Florence , S C 2950 1 I (803 ) 665-151 5 

### Assignmen t Editor : Horac e Beasle y 

### G . Othe r Intereste d Partie s Mr . Bren t Savage , Esq . P.O . Bo x 236 4 Savannah , G

A3149 8 (912 ) 233-110 8 

### Mr . Joh n C . Lemacks , Jr . 

### President , Greate r Florenc e Chambe r o f Commerc e P.O . Bo x F-2 2 

### Florence , S C 2950 1 (803 ) 

# F Mr . Stewar t W . Snow , Esq .



### Dusenbur y& Snow , P.A . 20 1 W . Evan s St . 

### Florence , S C 2950 1 (803 ) 669-648 1

A- 6

# I

I I I

I

I 

# !

I APPENDI X B LIS T O F POTENTIA

L SITE S FOR INFORMATION I REPOSITOR Y AN D LOCA L MEETING S 

### 1 . Informatio n Repositor y Florenc e Count yPubli c Librar y Mai n Branc h 

### 31 0 S . Irb

ySt . Florence , S C 2950 1 (803 ) 662-842 4 

### Director : Rober t C . Davidso n 

### Publi c Services : Salle yMarti n Hours : Monda yt o Thursday , 9 a.m . t o 8:3 0 p.m .

Frida yt o Saturday , 9 a.m . t o 5:3 0 p.m . 

### Sunday , 2 p.m . t o 5 p.m . Th e librar yi s a U.S . Governmen t Documen t Depositor y 

### an d ha s photocopyin g facilitie s available . 2 . Loca l Meetin g Site s I Henr yTimro d Elementar ySchoo l

Ol d Mario n Highwa y 

### Rt . 6 , Bo x 7 5 Florence , S C 2950 1 (803 ) 669-139 1 

### Contact : Ms . Lind a Huggins , Principa l Capacity : Cafitoriu mhold s 30 0 an d i s handicappe d 

### accessibl e Leste r Theodor e Elementar ySchoo l | 350 1 Palmett o St . 

### I Florence , S C 2950 1

(803 ) 669-800 3 

# ( .Contact : Ms . Evelyn Heywood , Principa l

Capacity : Cafitoriu mhold s 66 0 an d i s handicappe d 

### accessibl e 

# ( Wilso n Hig h Schoo l



### 141 1 Ol d Mario n Highwa y Florence , S C 2950 1 

# 1 (803 ) 662-223 1



### Contact : Mr . Alli e Brooks , Principa l Capacity : Auditoriu mhold s 40 0 an d i s handicappe d 

### accessibl e

E- lADMINISTRATIV E HEARIN G PROCEDURE S FO R RCR ASECTIO N3008Ch ) ORDER S I . 

### .1 . A n administrativ e actio n unde r Sectio n 3008(h ) o f th e Resourc e Conservatio n an d Recover yAc t (RCRA ) shal l b e commence d 

### b yissuanc e o f a n administrativ e order . Whe n th e orde r i s issue d unilaterally , th e orde r shal l b e referre d t o a s a n initial*admin

istrativ e orde r an d ma yb e reference d a s a proceedin g unde r 

### Sectio n 3008(h) . Whe n th e orde r ha s becom e effective , eithe r afte r issuanc e o f a fina l orde r followin g a fina l decisio n b yth e Regiona l Administrato r o r afte r thirt yday s fro missuanc e i t n o 

### hearin g i s requested , th e orde r shal l b e referre d t o a s a fina l administrativ e order . Wher e th e orde r i s agree d t o b yth e parties , th e orde r shal l b e denominate d a s a fina l administrativ e orde r o n consent . 2 . Th e initia l administrativ e orde r shal l b e execute d b y a n authorize d officia l o f EP A(petitioner) , othe r tha n th e Regiona l Administrato r o r th e Assistan t Administrato r fo r th e Offic e o f Soli d Wast e an d Emergenc yResponse . Fo r order s issue d b yEP A Headquarters , rathe r tha n b ya Regiona l office , al l reference s 

### i n thes e procedure s t o th e Regiona l Administrato r shal l b e under

stoo d t o b e t o th e Assistan t Administrato r fo r th e Offic e o f Soli d Wast e an d Emergenc yRespons e o r hi s delegatee . 

### 3 . ACler k shal l b e designate d b yth e Regiona l Administra

to r t o receiv e al l initia l orders , fina l order* , responses , memoranda , an d document s regardin g th e orde r an d t o raaincai n th e officia l recor d an d docket .-2 - u 

### 4 . Th e origina l an don e cop y o f th e initia l administrativ e order , th e fina l decisio nan dth e fina l administrativ e order , an d on e cop y o f

th e administrativ e recor dan da ninde x theret o mus t b e file dwit hth e Cler k designate dfo r

Sectio n 3008(h ) orders
. 

### I naddition , al l memorand aan ddocument s submitte di nth e proceed



### in g shal l b e file dwit hth e Clerk
. 5 . Th e Cler k

(o r som e othe r

designate dEF A employee ) shal l 

### arrang e fo r

th e effectuatio no f servic e o f

th e initia l administra

- tiv e order , th e fina l decision , an dfina l administrativ e order
. Servic e o f

acop y o f

th e initia l administrativ e orde r togethe r 

### wit hacop y o f

thes e procedures , th e fina l decision , o r afina l administrativ e order , shal l b e mad e personall y o r b y certifie d 

### mail , retur n receip t requested , or , i f

persona l servic e ca n no t b e effectuate do r

certifie dmai l i s returne drefuse do r unsigned , 

### b y regula r

mail , o nth e responden t o r hi s representative
. Th e Cler k shal l serv e othe r

document s fro mth e Presidin g Office r b y 

### regula r mail
. 6 . Servic e o f

al l documents , file db y th e parties , shal l b e mad e b y th e partie s o r thei r representative s o n othe r partie s o r thei r representative s an dma y b e mad e b y regula r mail , wit h 

### th e origina l file dwit hth e Clerk
. 7 . Servic e o f

th e initia l administrativ e orde r an dfina l 

### administrativ e orde r i s complet e upo nreceip t b y responden t (o r th e respondent' s agent , attorney , representativ e o r othe r perso nemploye db y responden t an dreceivin g suc hservice) , personall y o r

b y certifie dmail , o r upo nmailin g b y regula r 

### mai l i f persona l servic e o r certifie dmai l ca nno t b e accom plished , i n acccrdenc e wit hParagrap h5 . Servic e o f al l othe r

### pleading s an ddocument s i s complet e upo nmailing , excep t a s provide di nParagraph s 1 5 an d25 . 8 . Th e initia l administrativ e orde r become s afina l admin

istrativ e orde r

thirt y (30 ) day s afte r servic e o f

th e order , unles s th e responden t file s wit hth e Cler k withi n thirt y (30 ) day s afte r

servic e o f

th e order , arespons e t o th e initia l orde r 

### orde r an drequest s ahearing
. 9 . Th e respons e t o th e initia l orde r an dreques t

fo r ahear

in g mus t

b e i n writin g an dmaile dto , o r personall y serve don , th e Cler k

o f th e Regio nwhic hissue dth e order
. 10 . Th e respons e t o th e initia l orde r shal l specif y eac h 

### factual , o r

lega l determination , o r relie f provisio ni n th e 

### initia l orde r

th e responden t

disputes
. ^ 11 . Upo nreceip t

o f areques t

fo r ahearing , th e Regiona l Administrato r

shal l designat e aPresidin g Office r t o conduc t

th e 

### hearin g an dpresid e ove r th e proceedings
. 12 . Th e responden t ma y reques t

a ninforTna l settlemen t con ferenc e a t

an y tim e b y contactin g th e appropriat e E? A employee
. a s specifie di n th e initia l administrativ e order
. A reques t fo r a ninforma l conferenc e wil l no t affec t th e respondent' s obligatio n 

### t o timel y reques t

ahearing
. Whethe r o r no t th e responden t

request s ahearing , th e partie s ma y confe r

informall y concernin g an y aspec t o f th e order
. Th e 

### responden t

an drespondent' s representative s shal l generall y b e 

### allowe dth e opportunit y a t a n informa l conferenc e t o discus s wit h th e appropriat e Agenc y technica l an dlega l personne l al l aspect sU !



### o f th e order , i n particula r th e basi s fo r

th e determinatio ntha t 

### areleas e ha s occurre dan dth e appropriatenes s o f th e ordere d correctiv e action
. 13 . I f th e initia l orde r direct s th e responden t (a ) t o 

### undertak e onl y aRCR AFacilit y Investigatio n and/o r Correctiv e Measure s Study , whic hma y includ e monitoring , surveys , testing
. informatio ngathering , analyses , and/o r studie s (includin g studie s 

### designe dt o develo p recommendation s fo r appropriat e correctiv e measures) , o r

(b ) t o undertak e suc hinvestigation s and/o r studie s an dinteri mmeasures , whic har e neithe r costl y no r

technicall y comple x an dar e necessar y t o protec t huna nhealt han dth e environ



### men t prio r t o developmen t

o f apermanen t

remedy , th e hearin g procedure s se t

fort hi n Sectio n II , A. , Paragraph s 1 4 throug h19 , shal l b e employe dfo r an y requeste dhearing
. I f th e responden t seek s ahearin g o n a n orde r directin g tha t

correctiv e measure s o r suc hcorrectiv e measure s togethe r wit hstudie s b e undertaken , th e hearin g procedure s se t fort hi n Sectio n II , B. , Paragraph s 2 0 throug h30 , shal l b e employed
. Th e procedure s containe di n Sectio nI , Paragraph s 1 throug h1 3 an dSectio n III , Paragraph s 3 1 

### throug h3 3 shal l b e followe dregardles s o f whethe r

th e initia l orde r direct s responden t t o undertak e a n investigatio n o r imple

men t correctiv e measures . II . A . Hearing s o nOrder s Requirin g Investigation s o r Studie s 14 . Th e Presidin g Office r shal l b e an y employe e o f th e Agenc y designate db y th e Regiona l Administrato r othe r tha naperso n-5 - I I U i

wh o drafte do r

participate di n draftin g th e orde r i n question
. If , afte r

issuanc e o f

th e initia l orde r

an dprio r

t o issuanc e o f th e fina l order , th e Regiona l Administrato r , Presidin g Officer
. o r an y perso n wh o wil l advis e thes e official s i n th e decisio n or . th e cas e receive s fro mo r o n behal f

o f an y part y i n a n e x part e communicatio ninformatio n whic hi s relevan t t o th e decisio n e n th e cas e an dt o whic hothe r partie s hav e no t

ha da n opportunit v t o respond , asunmar y o f suc hinformatio nshal l b e serve do n al l othe r parties , wh o shal l hav e a n opportunit y t o reol y t o sara e withi n te n (10 ) day s o f servic e o f

th e sunmary . 15 . Th e Presidin g Office r shal l establis h th e dat e an dr in e fo r th e requeste dpubli c hearing
. Subjec t t o Paragrap h16 , th e hearin g shal l b e schedule dan dhel dwithi n thirt y (30 ) day s o f th e Agency' s receip t o f th e reques t

fo r apubli c hearing
. A t an y tim e u p t o fiv e (5 ) busines s day s befor e th e hearir z responden t

may , bu t

i s no t

require dto , submi t fo r inclusio ni n th e administrativ e recor dinformatio nan dargumen t supoortir. e respondent' s position s o n th e facts , law , an drelief , a s eac h relate s t o th e orde r i n question
. Al l factua l representation s 

### mad e b y responden t

mus t b e i nwritin g b y affidavit
. A cop y o f an y informatio n o r

argumen t

submitte db y responden t shal l b e 

### serve dsuc htha t

th e Cler k

an dpetitione r

receiv e sam e a t

leas t fiv e (5 ) busines s day s befor e hearing
. 16.

- Th e Presidin g Office r ma y gran t

a n extensio n o f

tir e fo r th e conduc t

o f th e hearing , upo nwritte n reques t o f eithe r -party , fo r

goo dcaus e shown , an dafte r consideratio no f

an y

### -6

-

prejudic e t o othe r parties . Th e Presidin g Office r ma yno c exten d th e dat e b ywhic hth e reques t fo r hearin g i s du e unde r 

### paragrap h8 . 17 . Th e hearin g shal l b e hel d i n th e cit yi n whic hth e relevan t EP ARegiona l Offic e i s located , unles s th e Presidin g Office r determine s tha t ther e i s goo d caus e t o hol d i t i n anothe r 

### location . 18 . Th e Presidin g Office r shal l establis hth e agend a fo r 

### th e hearin g an d conduc t th e hearin g i n a fai r an d impartia l way , takin g actio n a s neede d t o avoi d unnecessar ydelay , exclud e redundan t material , an d maintai n orde r durin g th e proceedings . 

### Representative s o f EP Ashal l introduc e th e administrativ e recor d an d b e prepare d t o summariz e th e basi s fo r th e order . Th e 

### responden t shal l hav e a reasonabl e opportunit yt o addres s relevan t issue s an d presen t it s view s throug hlega l counse l o r technica l advisors . Th e Presidin g Office r ma yals o allo wtechnica l an d lega l discussion s an d interchange s betwee n th e parties , includin g 

### response s t o question s t o th e exten t deeme d appropriate . I t i s no t th e Agency' s inten t t o provid e EP Ao r responden t a n oppor tunit yt o engag e i n direc t o r cros s examinatio n o f witnesses . Wher e responden t ca n demonstrat e that , throug hn o faul t o f it s own , certai n document s supportiv e o f it s positio n coul d no t hav e 

### bee n submitte d befor e hearin g i n accordanc e wit hth e requirement s o f Paragrap h15 , i t roa ysubmi t suc hdocument s a t hearing . Other

wis e n o ne wdocumentar ysuppor t ma yb e submitte d a t hearing . Unles s otherwis e directe d b yth e Presidin g Officer , factua l-7 -



### represencacion s mad e b y responden t shal l b e i nwritin g b y affidavit
. Th e Presidin g Office r ma y uoo nreques t

gran t petitione : leav e t o respon dt o submission s mad e b y responden t pursuan t

t o thi s paragrap ho r

Paragrap h15 . 

### 19 . A s soo na s practicabl e afte r th e conclusio no f

th e hearin g awritte n summar y o f th e proceedin g shal l b e prep-ared
. Thi s summar y shall , a t aminimum , identif y (a ) th e date s o f an d know nattendee s a t

th e hearing , an d(b ) th e base s upo nwhic hth e responden t

conteste dth e term s o f th e order
. Th e summar y mus t b e signe db y th e Presidin g Officer
. Th e Presidin g Office r wil l evaluat e th e entir e administrativ e 

### recor dand , o nth e basi s o f tha t revie w an dth e representation s o f E? A an dresponden t a t th e hearing , shal l prepar e an dfil e a ^ statemen t

recommendin g t o th e Regiona l Administrato r tha t th e 

### initia l orde r

b e modified , withdrawn , o r issue dwithou t

modifica

- tion
. Th e statemen t mus t addres s al l significan t argument s raise db y responden t an dprovid e support , throug hcitatio n t o materia l containe di n th e recor do r adduce da t

th e hearing , fo r an y decisio n t o modif y ater mo f th e order , withdra w th e order , 

### o r issu e th e orde r

withou t

change
. Th e statemen t

shal l b e base do nth e administrativ e record , 

### includin g th e hearin g an dsupplementa l submissions
. I f th e Presidin g Office r

find s tha t

ther e i s no t

adequat e suppor t

i n th e recor dfo r

th e initia l order , th e Presidin g Office r ma y recommen dtha t

th e orde r

b e modifie dan dissue do ntem s tha t ar e supporte db y th e record , o r withdrawn
.-8 -



### B . Hearing s o nOrder s Requirin g Correctiv e Measure s 20 . Th e Presidin g Office r shal l b e eithe r

th e Regiona l Judicia l Officer , o r anothe r

attorne y employe db y th e Agenc y wh o ha s ha dn o prio r

connectio n t o th e Sectio n 3008(h ) initia l orde r 

### tha t i s th e subjec t

o f th e proceeding
. If , afte r

issuanc e o f

th e initia l orde r

an dprio r

t o issuanc e o f th e fina l order , th e Regiona l Administrator , Presidin g Officer , o r an y perso n wh o wil l advis e thes e official s i n th e decisio n o n 

### th e cas e receive s fro mo r o n behal f

o f an y part y i n a n e x part e communicatio ninformatio nwhic hi s relevan t t o th e decisio no nth e cas e an dt o whic hothe r partie s hav e no t

ha da nopportunit y t o respond , asummar y o f suc hinformatio nshal l b e serve do n al l othe r 

### parties , wh o shal l hav e a n opportunit y t o repl y t o sam e withi n te n(10 ) day s o f

servic e o f

th e summary . 

### 21 . Th e Presidin g Office r shal l establis ha nexpeditiou s schedul e for : (a ) th e submissio nb y responden t o f amemorandum , 

### wit happropriat e affidavit s an dexhibits , statin g an dsupportin E respondent' s positio n o n th e facts , la w an drelief , specifyin g th e base s upo nan dmanne r i n whic hsuc hdetermination s o r relie f provisions , i f

erroneous , requir e modificatio no r withdrawa l o f 

### th e order ; (b ) submissio no f arespons e b y EPA ; an d(c ) apubli c hearing
. Subjec t

to'paragrap h22. , * hearin g shal l b e schedule d 

### withi n 4 5 day s o f

th e orde r

settin g th e schedule
. 22 . Th e Presidin g Officer , a s appropriate , ma y gran t a nexte * sio n o f tim e fo r

th e filin g o f

an y document , othe r tha n areques t fo r ahearin g unde r

"paragrap h8 , o r

ma y gran t

a nextensio no f-9 - 

## Uii: •

tim e fo r

th e conduc t

o f th e hearing , upo nwritte nreques t o f eithe r party , fo r

goo dcaus e show nan dafte r consideratio n o f

an y prejudic e t o othe r

parties
. 

### 23 . I n accordanc e wit hth e schedul e se t b y th e Presidin g Officer , th e responden t shal l fil e amemorandu mstatin g an d supportin g respondent' s positio n o n th e facts , la w and-relief
. Th e memorandu mmus t identif y eac hfactua l allegatio n an dal l issue s regardin g appropriatenes s o f th e term s o f

th e relie f

i n 

### th e initia l orde r

tha t responden t

contest s an dfo r

whic h responden t

request s ahearing
. Th e memorandu mmus t clearl y stat e respondent' s positio n wit hrespec t t o eac hsuc hissue
. Responden t mus t als o includ e an y proposal s fo r modificatio no f

th e order
. Responden t

mus t submi t affidavit s an de^ibit s whic hsuppor t an-^ ~ o f it s factua l contention s o nrelie f an ddefenses
. Th e meTi o rai.jut n shal l als o presen t

an y argument s o n th e lega l conclusion s con - taine di n th e order
. 24 . Th e responden t ma y fil e areques t wit hth e Presidin g Office r fo r permissio n t o submi t writte n question s t o th e EP A Regiona l Offic e issuin g th e orde r concernin g issue s o f materia l fac t i n th e order
. Request s shal l b e accompanie db y th e propose d questions
. I nmos t instanced , n o mor e tha n twenty-fiv e (25 ) 

### questions , includin g subquestion s an dsubparts , ma y b e posed
. Th e reques t

an dquestion s mus t b e submitte dt o th e Presidin g 

### Office r a t leas t twenty-on e (21 ) day s befor e th e hearing
. Th e Presidin g Office r ma y direc t

EP A t o respon dt o suc h question s a s h e de s 'graz e s , i f h e determine s tha t suc hquesci c

### ar e require dfo r ful l disclosur e an dadequat e resolutio n o f th e facts
. N o question s shal l b e allowe dregardin g matter s o f polic v o r privilege dinterna l communication s relatin g t o th e deliberativ e process . Th e Presidin g Office r shal l grant , deny , o r modif y suc h request s expeditiously
. I f areques t

i s granted , th e Presidin g Office r ma y revis e question s an dma y limi t th e numbe r

an dscou e c f questions
. Question s ma y b e delete do r revise di n th e discretio n o f th e Presidin g Office r fo r reasons , whic hma y includ e th e fac t tha t h e find s th e question s t o b e irrelevant , redundant , un neccessary , o r

a nundu e burde no nth e Agency . Th e Presidin g Office r shal l transmi t

th e question s a s submitte do r a s modifie d t o EPA . EP A shal l respon dt o th e question s withi nfourtee n (14 ) calenda r

day s o f

servic e o f

th e question s b y th e Presidin g Officer , unles s a n extensio n i s granted
. 25 . Th e Presidin g Office r shal l hav e th e discretio n t o orde r eithe r part y t o submi t

additiona l informatio ni n whateve r for r h e deem s appropriate
. Th e Presidin g Office r ma y issu e subpoena s fo r th e attendanc e an dtestimon y o f person s an dth e productio n c f relevan t

papers , books , an ddocuments
. Sinc e thes e hearin g procedure s provid e elsewher e tha t th e partie s ar e no t t o engag e 

### i ndirect , o r

cros s examinatio no f witnesse s an dmus t mak e an y factua l representation s i nwritin g b y affidavit , th e subpoen a powe r i s t o serv e onl y a s a n adjunc t t o th e Presidin g Officer' s authorit y t o as k

question s an dotherwis e tak e step s t o clarif y factua l matter s whic har e i n dispute
. Upo nreques t o f th e 

### respondent , th e Presidin g Office r may , i nhi s discretion , allo wiUi



### submitta l b yth e responden t o f additiona l informatio n i n susocr- . o f it s claim , i f i t i s receive d b yth e Cler k an d petitione r a t leas t fiv e (5 ) busines s day s befor e th e hearing . 

### 25 . Th e hearin g shal l b e hel d i n th e cit yi n whic hth e relevan t EP ARegiona l Offic e i s located , unles s th e Presidin g Office r determine s tha t ther e i s goo d caus e t o hol d i t i n 

### anothe r location . 

### 27 . Th e Presidin g Office r shal l conduc e th e hearing . Th e Presidin g Office r shal l conduc t a fai r an d impartia l hearing . tak e actio n t o avoi d unnecessar ydela yi n th e dispositio n o r th e proceedings , an d maintai n order . Th e Presidin g Office r shal l 

### permi t ora l statement s o n behal f o f th e responden t an d EPA . Th e Presidin g Office r ma yaddres s question s t o th e responden t o r th e 

### EP Arepresentativ e durin g th e hearing . Althoug hora l statement s wil l b e permitte d a t th e hearing , unles s otherwis e directe d b y 

### th e Presidin g Officer , al l factua l matter s t o b e presente d b y responden t mus t b e i n writin g b yaffidavit . Apar t fro mquestion s 

### b yth e Presidin g Officer , n o direc t examinatio n o r cross-examina

tio n shal l b e allowed . 

### Upo n commencemen t o f th e hearing , a representativ e o f EP A shal l Introduc e th e orde r an d th e recor d supportin g issuanc e o f 

### th e order , an d summariz e th e basi s fo r th e order . Th e responden t 

### ma yrespon d t o th e administrativ e recor d an d offe r an yfacts , statements , explanation s o r document s whic h bea r o n an yissu e ro r 

### whic hth e hearin g ha s bee. n requested . An ysuc hpresentatio n b y responden t ma yinclud e ne wdocument s onl yt o th e exten t tha t

### responden t ca n demonstrat e that , throug hn o faul t o f it s own ,

suc hdocument s coul d no t hav e bee n submitte d befor e hearin g i n accordanc e wit hth e requirement s o f Paragraph s 2 3 an d 25 . Th e Agenc yma ythe n presen t matter s solel yi n rebutta l t o matter s previousl ypresente d b yth e respondent . Th e Presidin g Office r ma yallo wth e responden t t o respon d t o an ysuc h rebutta l submitted . Th e Presidin g Office r ma yexclud e repetitiv e o r irrelevan t matter . Th e Presidin g Office r ma yupo n reques t gran t petitione r leav e t o respon d t o submission s mad e b yresponden t pursuan t t o thi s paragrap h o r Paragrap h25 . 28 . Th e hearin g shal l b e eithe r transcribe d stenographic

icall yo r tap e recorded . Upo n writte n request , suchtranscrip t 

### o r tap e recordin g shal l b e mad e availabl e fo r inspectio n o r copying . 

### 29 . Th e transcrip t o r recordin g o f th e hearin g an d al l wricte n submittal s file d wit hth e Cler k b yth e partie s subsequen t t o initia l issuanc e o f th e orde r includin g post-hearin g sub

mission s wil l becom e par t o f th e administrativ e recor d fo r th e proceeding , fo r consideratio n b yth e Presidin g Office r an d Regiona l 

### Administrator . 30 . Th e Presidin g Office r will , a s soo n a s practicaol e afte r th e conclusio n o f th e hearing , evaluat e th e entir e adminiscraciv e recor d and , o n th e basi s o f th e administrativ e record , prepar e an d fil e a recommende d decisio n wit hth e Regiona l Administrator . Th e recommende d decisio n mus t addres s al l materia l issue s o f fac t o r la wproperl yraise d b yrespondent , an d mus t recommen d tha t th e orde r b e modified , withdraw n o c ''ssued withou t modification .

### Th e recommende d decisio n mus t provid e a n explanation , wit h



### citatio n t o materia l containe d i n th e record , fo r an ydecisio n L ^ modif ya ter mo f th e order , t o issu e th e orde r withou t chang e o r 

### t o withdra wth e order . 

### Th e recommende d decisio n shal l b e base d o n th e administrativ e record . I f th e Presidin g Office r find s tha t ther e i s no t adequat e suppor t i n th e recor d fo r an yconteste d require d action , th e Presidin g Office r ma yrecommen d tha t th e orde r b e modifie d an d issue d o n term s tha t ar e supporte d b yth e record , o r withdrawn . 

### Il l 31 . A s soo n a s practicabl e afte r receip t o f eithe r th e summar yan d statemen t o r th e recommende d decision , th e Regiona l Administrato r wil l eithe r sign , o r modif ysuc hstatemen t o r ^ recommende d decision , an d issu e i t a s a fina l decision . Th e Pegiona l Administrator' s decisio n shal l b e base d o n th e admin

istrativ e record . 

### 32 . I f th e Regiona l Administrato r doe s no t adop t portion s o f th e initia l order , o r find s tha t modificatio n o f th e orde r : s 

### necessary , th e signator yofficia l o n th e initia l administrativ e orde r shal l modif yth e orde r i n accordanc e wit hth e term s o f th e fina l decisio n an d fil e an d serv e a cop yo f th e fina l administra

tiv e order . I f th e Regiona l Administrato r find s th e initia l 

### orde r appropriat e a s originall yissued , th e fina l decisio n shal l declar e th e initia l administrativ e orde r t o b e a fina l order , effectiv e upo n servic e o f th e fina l decision . I f th e Regiona l 

### Administrato r declare s tha t th e initia l orde r mus t b- » withdrawn ,

### th e signator y officia l o n th e initia l administrativ e orde r wil l fil e an dserv e awithdrawa l o f th e initia l administrativ e order
. 

### Thi s ma y b e don e withou t prejudice
. 33 . Th e fina l decisio n an dth e fina l administrativ e orde r ar e fina l agenc y action s tha t ar e effectiv e o n filin g an dservice
. Thes e action s ar e no t appealabl e t o th e Administrator
.