EMFAC2011-LDV

User’s Guide

September 19, 2011
PTSD-MSAB

CONTENTS

1.0INTRODUCTION – THE MOTOR VEHICLE EMISSIONS INVENTORY................... 1

2.0POLLUTANTS AND PROCESSES MODELED......................................................... 3

3.0OVERVIEW OF BASIC TERMINOLOGY .................................................................. 6

4.0BASIC DATA FOR A SCENARIO............................................................................ 10

5.0SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS AND INSTALLATION ................................................. 14

6.0RUNNING EMFAC2011-LDV................................................................................... 16

7.0INTRODUCTION TO THE THREE MODELING MODES........................................ 28

7.1Burden Mode...................................................................................................... 29

7.2Emfac Mode ....................................................................................................... 37

7.3CalIMfac Mode ................................................................................................... 43

8.0EDITING FUNDAMENTAL DATA............................................................................ 51

9.0APPENDICES.......................................................................................................... 61

9.1.1 Appendix 1 – Exhaust Technology Groups ................................................. 61

9.1.2 Appendix 2 – Evaporative Technology Groups ........................................... 70

9.1.3 Appendix 3 – CTF Output............................................................................ 72
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1.0 INTRODUCTION – THE MOTOR VEHICLE EMISSIONS INVENTORY

An emissions inventory is an estimation of the amount (mass), types, and patterns of 

emissions of pollutants emitted into the ambient air. The emission inventory is a critical 

element in the control of air pollution and the attainment of national and state ambient 

air quality standards. The emission inventory is an essential tool in developing 

regulations, plans and control strategies. 

An emissions inventory (for any source category) can be calculated, at the most basic 

level as the product of an emission rate, expressed in grams of a pollutant emitted per 

some unit of source activity, and a measure of that source‟s activity. The following 

expression illustrates this basic relationship between the emissions rate and source 

activity used to calculate emissions: 

Emission Factor X Source Activity = Emissions

For on-road motor vehicles, emission rates are typically expressed as mass of pollutant 

emitted per mile driven per day, per vehicle per day, or trip made depending on the 

emissions process being analyzed. An emissions process for a motor vehicle is the 

physical mechanism that results in the emissions of a pollutant, i.e. the combustion of 

fuel, evaporation of fuel, tire and brake wear or the initial start of an engine.

Staff of the Air Resources Board has developed an EMission FACtors (EMFAC) model 

to calculate emission rates and emissions from all on-road motor vehicles, from

passenger cars to heavy-duty trucks, operating on highways, freeways and local roads 

in California. EMFAC2011-LDV is one of three modules that together form 

EMFAC2011. EMFAC2011 is California‟s official tool for calculating emissions rates 

and emission inventories from on-road motor vehicles in California. The EMFAC2011 –

LDV module calculates emission rates and emissions for a portion of the on-road 

vehicle fleet. Figure 1-1 illustrates the composition of EMFAC2011, and the relationship 

of EMFAC2011-LDV to the other components of the model. 
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Figure 1-1. EMFAC2011 Schematic

About this document

The purpose of this document is to familiarize new users to the EMFAC2011-LDV 

module. It introduces new users of EMFAC2011-LDV to the concepts and basic 

terminology that will enable to run the model and use all model features. However, this 

guide does not provide information on the data sources and details of the modeling 

equations used in generating the emission estimates. This information may be found in 

the Technical Support Document, with can be accessed on the ARB website at:

http://www.arb.ca.gov/msei/msei.htm

Section 2 provides an overview of the pollutants and emission processes currently 

modeled in EMFAC2011-LDV. Section 3 introduces new users to basic terminology 

necessary for understanding the outputs from the model. Section 4 details the basic 

input data required for generating an emission inventory. Section 5 reviews the system 

requirements necessary for running the model. The remaining sections show the user 

how to start the model, and explain the three basic emission modes: Burden, Emfac and 

Calimfac. These sections also provide sample outputs for each of the emission modes. 

Section 8 shows users how to edit some of the fundamental data, such as vehicle 

population and vehicle miles traveled, and generate an emissions inventory using the 

edited data. 

Note: The EMFAC2011-LDV module is not the approved model for conformity analyses in 

California. EMFAC2011-SG, when approved by the USEPA, should be used for conformity 

analyses in California.

EMFAC-LDV

EMFAC-HD

EMFAC-SG

Internet Data Access Downloadable Modules
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2.0 POLLUTANTS AND PROCESSES MODELED

This section details the pollutants currently modeled in EMFAC2011-LDV, and gives an 

overview of the emissions processes. An emission process is tied to vehicle activity, for 

example when a vehicle is traveling down the freeway it emits emissions from the 

vehicle tailpipe. This process is labeled “running exhaust.” For each pollutant the 

model calculates emissions from each emissions process. All the output reports show 

these emissions by emissions process. 

The model calculates emission factors and emission inventories for the following 

primary pollutants: 

 Hydrocarbons (HC). HC can be expressed as TOG (total organic gases), ROG 

(reactive organic gases), THC (total hydrocarbon), or CH4 (methane). The THC 

class includes compounds with H and C atoms only, carbonyls and halogens are not 

included in the class. The TOG class includes all organic gases emitted into the 

atmosphere. The ROG class is same as EPA‟s VOC (volatile organic compounds) 

definition and does not contain compounds exempt from regulation. 

 Carbon monoxide (CO).

 Nitrogen oxides (NOx).

 Carbon dioxide (CO2). 

 Particulate matter (PM). PM estimates are provided for total suspended particulate, 

particulate matter 10 microns or less in diameter (PM10), and particulate matter 2.5 

microns or less in diameter (PM2.5).

 Fuel consumption. Although, this is not a pollutant, fuel consumption is calculated 

based on the emissions of CO, CO2 and THC using the carbon balance equation. 

 Oxides of sulfur (SOx). Emissions of oxides of sulfur are a function of the sulfur 

content of fuel. The model calculates these emissions by multiplying the fuel 

consumption by the weight fraction of sulfur in a gallon of fuel. 

 Lead (Pb). Lead emissions are also a function of the lead content in fuel. Hence, 

the model calculates lead by multiplying the fuel consumption by the number of 

grams of lead per gallon. 

Note: Lead was phased out in 1992 and lead results will be zero for 1992 and newer calendar years. 
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Emissions (especially HC) emanate from a vehicle during all hours of the day. The 

magnitude of these emissions varies with what the vehicle is doing during the day, 

including starting, idling, running, or just sitting outside in the sun. An emissions 

process is tied to the vehicle diurnal activity such that all emissions are accounted for 

during normal daily activity. The types of emission processes are:

 Running exhaustEmissions that come out of the vehicle tailpipe while it is traveling 

on the road, including at speed, and idling that occurs as part of normal driving, such 

as at intersections.

 Idle exhaustemissions that come out of the vehicle tailpipe while it is operating but 

not traveling any significant distance. This process captures emissions from heavyduty vehicles that idle for extended periods of time while loading or unloading goods. 

 Starting exhausttailpipe emissions that occur as a result of starting a catalystequipped vehicle when the catalyst is cold. These emissions are independent of 

running exhaust emissions and can be thought of as a slug of emissions associated 

with starting a vehicle. The magnitude of these emissions is dependent on how long 

the vehicle has been sitting prior to starting. 

 DiurnalHC emissions that occur when rising ambient temperatures cause fuel 

evaporation from vehicles sitting throughout the day. These losses are from leaks in 

the fuel system, fuel hoses, connectors, and as a result of breakthrough of vapors 

from the carbon canister. If a vehicle is sitting for a period of time, emissions from the 

first 35 minutes are counted as hot soak and emissions from the remaining period 

are counted as diurnal emissions, provided that the ambient temperature is 

increasing during the remaining period of time. 

 Resting lossthese losses occur while the vehicle is sitting and are caused by fuel

permeation through rubber and plastic components. Emissions are counted as 

resting loss emissions if the vehicle has not been operated for 35 minutes and 

vehicle is still stationary, but the ambient temperature is either constant or 

decreasing. 

 Hot soakevaporative HC emissions that occur immediately after a trip end due to 

fuel heating and the fact that the engine remains hot for a short time after being 

switched off. In older, carbureted vehicles these emissions are attributed to vapor 

losses from the carburetor float bowl. In newer, fuel-injected vehicles, these vapor 

losses come from leaky fuel injectors or from fuel hoses. 
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 Running lossesevaporative HC emissions that occur when hot fuel vapors escape 

from the fuel system or overwhelm the carbon canister while the vehicle is operating.

 Tire wearparticulate matter emissions from tires as a result of wear. 

 Brake wearparticulate matter emissions from brake use. 
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3.0 OVERVIEW OF BASIC TERMINOLOGY

This section briefly introduces terminology and concepts that most users will need to 

understand such as vehicle class, fuel type, and vehicle activity. This is important since 

the output reports provide a breakdown of emissions by vehicle class and fuel type. 

Vehicle Fleet and Vehicle Class

“Vehicle fleet” refers to all the motor vehicles operating on roads in California. This fleet 

as currently modeled in EMFAC2011-LDV is broken into multiple categories called 

classes (for example, class 1, passenger cars). These classes are based on the type of 

vehicle, but they also take weight class and fuel type (i.e. gas, diesel, or electric) into 

account. The number of vehicles in each class is based on an analysis of Department 

of Motor Vehicles (DMV) registration data. These vary by calendar year and geographic 

area, so the make-up of the vehicle fleet is dependent on the calendar year and 

geographic area. The user should bear in mind that the “vehicle fleet” considered by 

EMFAC2011–LDV is not the entire fleet of vehicle classes on California roads. 

Note: Because EMFAC2011-LDV is derived from and uses much of the same code as EMFAC2007, 

you will see all 21 vehicle classes when using the vehicle class input screens for the model. However, 

the vehicle classes that are considered by EMFAC2011 – HD have been disabled and will show zero 

vehicles. 

EMFAC2011-HD is used to estimate emissions from diesel medium heavy and heavy-heavy trucks and 

busses that are covered by ARB’s In Use Truck and Bus rule. Any gasoline vehicles in those truck 

and bus categories are included in EMFAC2011–LDV. For example, in the table below a vehicle 

population is shown for Intrastate Single (T7). This represents the gasoline component of that vehicle 

class. You will note also that the class CAIRP (T7) shows no activity and the class is grayed out on the 

EMFAC input screen. This indicated that this particular class is a diesel only class and included in 

EMFAC2011 – HD. 

The model performs separate calculations for class of vehicles, by fuel usage and each 

technology group. Each vehicle class contains numerous technology groups, which 

represent common emissions characteristics such as emission standards, technologies, 

or in-use emissions. The vehicle classes currently modeled are shown in Table 3-1,

along with abbreviations used in the model. 
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Table 3-1. Vehicle Classes Modeled In EMFAC2011-LDV

Vehicle Class Fuel Type Code Description Weight Class

(lbs)

Abbr.

1 All* PC Passenger Cars All LDA

2 All* T1 Light-Duty Trucks 0-3750 LDT1

3 Gas, Diesel T2 Light-Duty Trucks 3751-5750 LDT2

4 Gas, Diesel T3 Medium-Duty Trucks 5751-8500 MDV

5 Gas, Diesel T4 Light-Heavy-Duty Trucks 8501-10000 LHD1

6 Gas, Diesel T5 Light-Heavy-Duty Trucks 10001-14000 LHD2

7 Gas T6 CAIRP+IS+Tractor Single Units

13 Gas T7 In State Single Unit Trucks

17 Gas OB Other Buses All OB

18 Gas, Diesel UB Urban Buses All UB

19 Gas MC Motorcycles All MCY

20 Gas SB School Buses All SBUS

21 Gas, Diesel MH Motor Homes All MH

* gas, diesel, and electric

Fuel

EMFAC2011-LDV currently estimates emissions from gasoline, diesel and electrically 

powered vehicles. Table 3-1 shows the fuels modeled by vehicle class. 

Technology Group 

The underlying assumption in EMFAC2011-LDV is that each vehicle class can be 

modeled by the individual behavior of unique technology groups. Each technology 

group represents vehicles from the same class but has distinct emission control 

technologies, have similar in-use deterioration rates, and respond the same to repair. A 

technology group can represent vehicles whose emissions standards are the same or 

those that have specific equipment installed on them (e.g., multi-port fuel injection, 

three-way catalyst, adaptive fuel controls, etc.) which makes them behave the same. 

Appendices A-1 and A-2 list the technology groups used in modeling exhaust and 

evaporative emissions, respectively. Some report formats group vehicles into broader 

technology categories (catalyst, non-catalyst, and diesel). Gasoline vehicles are placed 

in the catalyst or non-catalyst categories based on technology group details. Electric 

vehicles are included in the catalyst category.
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Model year

EMFAC2011-LDV contains emission factors and vehicle activity data for model years 

1965 through 2035. Within each vehicle class, the model year is represented by a 

combination of technology groups. For example, a non-catalyst gasoline-fueled 

technology group (TG-1) and a diesel-fueled technology group (TG-170) represent the 

1965 model year for passenger cars. 

Activity

An emission inventory is simply a product of the emission rate (in grams per mile or per 

trip or per vehicle) and vehicle activity (miles per vehicle or number of trips or total 

number of vehicles). This requires estimates of vehicle population, vehicle miles 

traveled and trips for each vehicle class, by fuel type and geographic area. These 

terms are commonly referred to as vehicle activity.

Population

Vehicle population is determined through an analysis of DMV data, in this case calendar 

2009 registration data. These data are used in developing vehicle age matrices for 

base years 2000 to 2005 for vehicle class, fuel type, geographic area, and vehicle ages 

1 to 45 years. These matrices contain actual population estimates, which are used to 

back-cast from 2000 and forecast from 2005 vehicle populations for calendar years 

1990 to 2035. 

Vehicle miles traveled

Vehicle miles traveled (VMT) represents the total distance traveled on a weekday. 

Local planning agencies have developed regional transportation models, which output 

regional VMT for certain planning years. In the EMFAC2011-LDV module, VMT is 

calculated based on vehicle population and vehicle accrual. Vehicle accrual is the total 

number of miles a vehicle accumulates in a year, and varies by vehicle age. The 

regional estimates of VMT are matched by modifying either or both the vehicle 

population and accrual estimates. The model also contains hourly distributions of VMT 

by vehicle class. These distributions are based on instrumented vehicle activity data. 

Trips

The number of trips or starts per day is the same, and the terms can be used 

interchangeably. Both represent the number of separate trips made per weekday. In 

EMFAC2011-LDV, the estimates for trips per day for vehicle classes 1 to 4 are based 

on travel surveys and vehicle instrumented data. These data show that trips per day 

decrease linearly with vehicle age from 6.56 at age 1 to 3.72 at age 45. The trips per 

day estimate for other vehicle classes are based on either instrumented data or an 
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engineering judgment. The model calculates the total number of trips for a given 

calendar year, region and vehicle class by summing the product of model year 

populations and trips per day estimates. 
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4.0 BASIC DATA FOR A SCENARIO

This section explains the basic input data required for generating an emissions 

inventory. The basic scenario (input) data required for generating an emissions 

inventory are geographic area, calendar year, month or season selection, title (if default 

title is not appropriate), model years included in the calculation, inspection and 

maintenance (I/M) programs, emission mode and output options. A single scenario 

contains unique selections for the basic scenario data, for example: 

Geographic Area – Los Angeles

Method – Simple Average

Calendar Year – User input of 2020

Season or Month – July

Title – Leave as default

Model Years Included – Leave as default

IM Programs – Leave as default

This section describes the choices available to the user for geographic area, calendar 

year, month or season selection, and model years included in the calculation. The 

choice of emission mode and output options is described in later sections.

Geographic area

In a single scenario, the model can estimate emissions for one of these four area types: 

statewide, air basin, air pollution control district, or county. Depending on the area type 

selection, the user can then select an area from a list of 15 air basins, 35 air pollution 

districts, and 58 counties.

The model contains activity data for 69 geographic areas. These areas include counties 

that are in more than one air basin or air pollution district. The EMFAC2011-LDV 

module estimates the emissions for each geographic area more accurately, primarily 

because it uses area specific activity data such as vehicle population, mileage accrual, 

temperature, relative humidity, fuel RVP, and I/M programs. 

Method - “Simple Average” or “Do-Each-Sub-Area” Option

In Emfac2000, the use of area-specific data increased accuracy of modeled inventories 

but also resulted in longer execution times. For example, in a statewide run, the model 

would calculate inventories for each area and then total the individual inventories. In 

Emfac2000, this process, depending on the computer and calendar year, could take up 

to 20 hours for a single calendar year. EMFAC2011-LDV (as before in Emfac2007), 
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gives the user the option of calculating emissions using either the “Simple-Average” or 

“Do-Each-Sub-Area” option in order to avoid excessive run times. 

The “Simple-Average” option uses area averaging to calculate averaged parameters for 

temperature, speed, relative humidity, and I/M. The “Simple-Average” option provides

faster emission estimates. However, the “Do-Each-Sub-Area” option provides the most 

accurate emission estimates since it calculates inventories using area-specific 

parameters. Further, the “Do-Each-Sub-Area” option generates emission factors or 

inventories for each sub-area for the area selected. For example, if the area type 

selection is air basin, the air basin selection is Lake Tahoe, and the method is “DoEach-Sub-Area.” The model will output emission factors or inventories for the portions 

of El Dorado and Placer Counties that are in the Lake Tahoe air basin. In addition, the 

model will output the total inventory for the Lake Tahoe air basin.

Note: New users should select area averaging until they are familiar with the model. Sub-area runs 

provide more accurate results, but they require much longer execution times, and write much larger 

output files. New users should try the “Do-Each-Sub-Area” option after they become familiar with the 

output file formats. 

Calendar year

The model can estimate emissions for any calendar year between 1990 and 2035. In 

EMFAC2011-LDV (as before in EmFac2007), user can input many years in a single 

scenario – in other words, this new model can be called a multi-scenario model. For 

example, in Emfac2001/2002, a user seeking emission inventories for the Los Angeles 

County for 2000 to 2005 should create a file in which only basic scenario data are 

edited, and the file should have six scenarios. These six scenarios correspond to the 

calendar years 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, and 2005. With EMFAC2011-LDV, a 

user can input all years from 2000 to 2005 into a SINGLE SCEANRIO. 

Month or Season

The model includes data for temperature, relative humidity, and characteristics for 

gasoline fuel sold (fuel RVP) that vary by geographic area, calendar year, and month 

and season. Season is defined as summer, winter, or annual average. The summer 

season represents an ozone-planning inventory. The summer temperatures and 

relative humidity have been determined using ambient data for days that have resulted 

in the worst ozone levels. The fuel RVP is based on an average of the June, July and 

August months. Similarly, the winter season represents a PM-planning inventory. The 

winter temperature and relative humidity have been determined using ambient data for 

days that have resulted in high PM emission levels. The winter RVP is based on 
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average of December, January, and February months. Annual average represents an 

average of all the monthly inventories. This inventory takes into account appropriate 

factors introduced by the monthly variation in temperature, relative humidity, and fuel 

RVP.

Model Year Range and Model Year Specific Options

When a user requests an emission inventory or emission factors for a given calendar 

year (e.g., 2010), EMFAC2011-LDV generates emission factors and vehicle activity for 

vehicles from 45 model years, from the current model year back 44 years. 

EMFAC2011-LDV uses this entire model year range in calculating a complete emission 

inventory or emission factor for a given calendar year. 

If the calendar year is 2010, the starting and final model years are 1965 and 2010, 

respectively. If the scenario year is 2010 (e.g., earlier than 2000), the starting model 

year is 1965, because EMFAC2011-LDV‟s emission factor data only goes back to the 

1965 model year. EMFAC2011-LDV assumes that vehicles older than 1965 have the 

same emission rates as 1965 models.

The model year range also gives users the ability to estimate the emission contribution 

of either a specific model year or a range of model years to the total inventory for a 

given calendar year. 

Hint: For example, say the user is charged with estimating the contribution of older vehicles (1980 and 

older) to the total inventory in calendar year 2010. This can be achieved by selecting the model years 

from the input file for CY2010. This is a big departure from the previous Emfac2001/2002 – wherein the 

user was forced to run two different scenarios – one from 1965 to 1980 and the other from 1981 to 

2010. 

Inspection and Maintenance Options

This button gives users the ability to change the I/M options for a given area. However, 

as with model year options, new users should not change the default I/M options until 

they have reviewed the advance modeling concepts. The model contains a data file, 

which describes the different types of I/M programs implemented during various 

calendar years and in various regions of the State. EMFAC2011-LDV uses these data 

in calculating regional emission inventories.
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Hint: As vehicles age, their emissions increase as a result of vehicle defects, mal-maintenance, or 

tampering. One way to reduce in-use emissions is to have I/M programs that identify and repair 

defective vehicles. In California, the first I/M program was implemented in 1984. It was revised in 1990, 

1996, 1998, and 2001. In the model, these I/M programs are modeled sequentially. As a result, 

emission deterioration rates from some vehicles may have been modified by I/M effects of up to five 

different programs. 

If the user presses the I/M Options button a secondary screen is displayed, titled “I/M 

Programs.” This screen displays the available I/M programs specific to the area being 

modeled, sub-programs for the currently active I/M program, the start date for the 

currently active I/M program and the type of I/M programs that have been implemented 

in the area that was selected. 
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5.0 SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS AND INSTALLATION

System requirements

The program will run on any Intel-based PC running Windows 95 or later, or Windows 

NT 4.0 or later. The installation will require 5 MB of disk space for the installation 

program and 50 MB of disk space for the installed files.

At least 64 MB of RAM is required. Calculations may run extremely slowly on systems 

with less than 128 MB of RAM. 

Typical input files will require less than 1 MB. Depending on output options, the 

program may generate very large output files. During a run, the model may increase 

total virtual memory use by nearly 300 MB; the Windows virtual memory settings must 

allow for this. Your virtual memory setting should be defaulted to “Let Windows manage 

my virtual memory settings.” For example, to check this setting with Windows 98, click 

on My Computer, Control Panel, System Properties, and then the Performance 

Tab. 
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Installation

The program must be installed using the installation program provided by (ARB). The 

installation program is available on the ARB Web site, at 

http://www.arb.ca.gov/msei/msei.htm 

During installation, you may install the “Main Program,” the “Support Libraries,” or both. 

Most users will need to install both options. You may bypass the “Support Libraries” 

only if the correct versions of Compaq Visual Fortran and the Compaq Array Visualizer 

are already installed on the workstation.

Removal

The program should be removed using the Windows “Add/Remove Programs” option on 

the Control Panel.

Note: Compaq and Visual Fortran users must take special care to the following: the “Support 

Libraries” installed include DLL files for the Compaq Visual Fortran run-time and for the Compaq Array 

Visualizer ActiveX control. If you have equivalent versions of Visual Fortran or the Array Visualizer 

installed, then you may need to re-install the DLLs and ActiveX control after removing EMFAC2011-

LDV.
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6.0 RUNNING EMFAC2011-LDV

Starting the program

To begin, start the program by selecting the “EMFAC2011-LDV” item on the 

Start/Programs menu, or by double-clicking the “EMFAC2011-LDV” icon on the 

desktop. When the program starts, it opens up two windows, titled “EMFAC2011-LDV” 

and “EMFAC2011-LDV Console.” The window labeled “EMFAC2011-LDV Console” 

accommodates older code in the model. This window will rarely contain any output. It 

should be minimized using the standard Windows minimize button. Depending on your 

computer, this window may automatically minimize on startup and require no action by 

the user. The opening dialog window is shown below

The main menu bar offers three main selections: File, Run, and Help. This interface will 

be new to current users who are familiar with earlier versions of the Emfac application.

The new/open/save file menu items manipulate scenario files, such as any input files.

New: Clears some scenario default values and starts the input dialogs with 

no scenarios defined.

Open: Opens a file-open dialog. If the user selects a file, it is read in and the 

input dialogs are started.
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Open filename: When enabled, this menu item re-opens the last file edited and starts

the input dialogs.

Save: Saves any pending changes to a file open for editing. Scenario file 

names must be valid Windows file names, using Windows 95 “long file 

name” syntax. Spaces are allowed; certain punctuation characters 

are not. Windows limits the length of the complete file name with path 

to about 255 characters.

Save as: Prompts for an alternate file name and saves the current data to the 

new name.

Exit: Exits the program. Prompts for confirmation if any edited data have 

not been saved. (The standard Windows “X” close button behaves 

the same way.) 

Run Menu

Run: This menu item, when enabled, runs the file name displayed (This will 

be the last file opened.) This item is disabled if there are unsaved 

editing changes, or if no file has been opened. 

Run file: This menu item, when enabled, brings up a file dialog. If a filename is 

selected, the program reads the file and begins calculations.

 This menu item is enabled while a run is executing. If it is selected, a 

flag is set, and the calculations quit the next time the flag is checked. 

Depending on when the Stop item is selected, it could be several 

seconds before the flag is examined and execution stops. The stop 

action closes all output files immediately. This means that all of the 

output files may be incomplete, even output data from scenarios that

completed. 

Warning: Users can’t resume once Stop is initiated.

Help Menu

About EMFAC2011-LDV: Starts the About window, which displays version information. 

Stop Run on 

Next Progress 

Report:
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The Main Screen

The second window (Figure 3) that opens when “New” or “Open” is selected from the 

file menu shows the file name (if known), a list of the scenarios in the file, and buttons 

that manipulate scenarios and files. This form is the starting point for entering scenarios 

in a file. 

For a new file, the only buttons enabled when the form first opens are “IM Program 

parameters”, “Cancel”, “Finish”, and “Add New Scenario”. After the first scenario is 

added, the scenario title appears in the scenario list on the left, the scenario data box 

shows a summary of it, and the “Save As” and “Run” buttons are enabled. After the file 

is saved with “Save As”, the file name is included above the summary data, and the 

“Save” button is enabled. If you are going to define a new program; then this new IM 

program should be defined first in the "Global IM parameters box." Once defined this 

IM program is then available for use under step 7.
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Adding or Editing Scenarios

When “New” is selected, the only actions enabled on the form are “Finish”, “Cancel”, “IM 

Program parameters” and “Add New Scenario”. The scenario list on the left is empty 

(Fig.3). In this case, “Add New Scenario” brings up the Scenario 1 tab; users see input 

dialogs with some data set to program default values and some data flagged as 

“missing” set to invalid values. 

The following screen appears after “Add New Scenario” is depressed. I n this Screen, 

the user is asked to select Geographic area, Calendar year and Season or month. 
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When the Geographic area button is selected, a secondary set of buttons called 

„Calculation Method‟ pop-up (shown below) which shows two options – By Sub-area or 

Use Average. „Use Average‟ uses a set of Average temperature, Humidity etc in order 

to calculate a rough estimate of the emissions. If „By sub-area‟ is selected, the model 

will use site-specific data – like Temperature, Humidity, speed etc and the calculations 

are more accurate than the „use average‟ choice.
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In STEP2, the user can select the Calendar Year for running the model. When the 

„select‟ button is depressed, the screen of Fig. 6 comes up. This is an added feature 

which was not there in the EMFAC2002 model. Here we can choose one single 

Calendar Year (shown below) or a set of Calendar years or ALL calendar years. For 

Example, in order to run the model for CY 2020, first choose the Calendar Year 2020, 

use the „>‟ button to transfer this to „included‟ column and then hit OK which will take 

you back to the previous screen. 
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STEP 3 (shown below) is for the selection of the „season or month‟ to run the model. 

Here one can choose to run the model for any month from January to December, as 

well as for seasons – summer, winter and Annual Average.
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If we click „Next‟ in the window above, we get the next screen which shows the default 

scenario name generated (shown below) from data selected above. Users can change 

this default title to something more relevant to their analysis. 

There are three steps in this screen – Model Years (Step 5), Vehicle classes (Step 6) 

and I/M program (Step 7) schedule. If the user hits the button „next‟, the model is 

assuming that the user is accepting the default conditions for Model Years (i.e. ALL), 

Vehicle classes (i.e. ALL) and I/M default for the region selected before. 
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If the User hits the button „Modify‟ in STEP 5, a new screen (below) pops-up. For 

example, if we want to run the model for all Model Years 1965-2020 for the Calendar 

Year 2020, then, select all model years using the „ALL‟ button and use the „OK‟ to go 

 

 
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Suppose we want to run the model for CY 2020 and MYs 2000-2005, then use „<‟ to 

transfer all the MYs to „available column‟. Then, select the MYs 2000-2005 on the 

„available‟ column and use the „>‟ to transfer the model years to the „included‟ column. 

The result will be as shown below. Then click OK. 
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Our next step is STEP 6 – vehicle class selection. The default case is the model will 

run for all vehicle classes – PCs to Motor Homes. Note that medium-heavy and heavy 

heavy-duty vehicles are covered by EMFAC2011-HD and are not populated in 

EMFAC2011-LDV. If we click on „Modify‟ under „vehicle classes‟ , we will get the screen 

as shown in below. Here we have the option of selecting one or more vehicle types for 

which the model need to be run. 
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In STEP 7, the button labeled „I/M Program Schedules‟ displays two options for I/M -

the default I/M options for the geographic area selected and also possibility of changing 

the I/M to run the model. These will be discussed in more detail at a later time. 

However, new users should not change the default IM options. 
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7.0 INTRODUCTION TO THE THREE MODELING MODES

The EMFAC2011-LDV module supports calculation of emissions/emission factors for 

the Burden, Emfac and Calimfac modes. These mode selections are made in the 

“Mode and Output” form shown below. 

Key distinctions between model modes:

Burden: Total emissions in tons/day.

Emfac: Emission factors in grams/activity, for input to DTIM and URBEMIS. 

Calimfac: Basic emission rates.

Each mode selection triggers a corresponding list of output options. In the example 

above the user has selected Burden mode to output emissions in tons per day. In this 

mode the user choose to output emission inventories in up to four file formats.

The next three sub-sections describe the Burden, Emfac and Calimfac mode selections 

and provide example outputs from each of the mode/output selections.
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7.1 BURDEN MODE 

The Burden mode is used for calculating regional (area-specific) emission inventories. 

In this mode, the model reports total emissions as tons per weekday for each pollutant, 

by vehicle class and the total vehicle fleet. The burden mode uses emission factors that 

have been corrected for ambient conditions and speeds combined with vehicle activity 

to calculate emissions in tons per day. Vehicle activity includes the number of vehicles, 

how many miles are driven per day and the number of daily trips. In the burden mode, 

the user may select either an hourly or daily total output. The hourly output does not 

add substantially to calculation time, but it increases total output by a factor of 25.

Burden Output

The burden output formats are:

1. Planning Inventory - This generates an output file with a “bur” extension. This file 

has the same format as the “bur” file generated by the MVEI7G and Emfac2000 

models. To support formatting and printing on 8.5 x 11 page this older format 

combined vehicle categories into groups rather than report emissions for each 

vehicle class. For example, the heavy-duty vehicle group consists of light-heavy, 

medium-heavy and heavy-heavy duty vehicles.

2. Heavy-Duty Detail - This also generates an output file with a “bur” extension. This 

output format was created in MVEI7G to provide users with more detailed 

inventories for trucks. However, in order to support formatting and printing on a 

legal size paper this format omitted emissions from passenger cars. Note if the 

user requests both (1) and (2) then a single “bur” file is created containing 

both outputs.

3. Detailed Planning Inventory (CSV) - This is a comma-separated file (with a “csv” 

extension) which can be read by any spreadsheet program. It contains emission 

inventories for all 13-vehicle classes by fuel type. It is recommended that new 

users select this as an output option to get an idea of the entire inventory.

4. MVEI7G (CSV) File - This is also a comma-separated file but it has a “bcd” 

extension. This file is in the same format as that produced by the MVEI7G model. 

This file has the same information as (3.) but in columnar format, which makes it 

suitable for sorting using spreadsheets.

Table 7.1-1 provides a summary of the Burden mode output extensions.
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Table 7.1-1. Burden Report Extensions

Option on Input Form (Report Type) Filename 

Extension Used

Planning Inventory BUR

Heavy-Duty Detail (Planning Inventory Detail) BUR

Detailed Planning Inventory (CSV) (Spreadsheet) CSV

MVEI7G CSV File (Planning Inventory Database) BCD

Burden Output Reports

This section provides some sample outputs from the Burden mode.

.BUR Extension

If both “Planning Inventory” and “Heavy-Duty Detail” are selected then the “Planning 

Inventory” report is always written first. Both reports duplicate older report formats 

generated by the MVEI7G and EMFAC2000 models. The older reports were also 

written to a BUR file extension. 

 Planning Inventory Report Format: This report format includes results for the entire 

fleet. To support formatting and printing on letter size (8.5 x 11) paper, this 

format combines vehicle classes into categories rather than report emissions for 

each class. For example, the medium-duty truck category combines mediumduty trucks (MDV) and two light-heavy-duty truck (LHDT1 and LHDT2) classes.

 Heavy Duty Detail Report Format: This report format provides users with more 

detailed inventories for trucks. However, in order to support formatting and 

printing on legal size (8.5 x 14) paper this format omits emissions from 

passenger cars. 

Viewing the File: The file can be opened in most text editors and word processors. The 

file will often be too large for Windows Notepad, but WordPad or Word can be used 

instead. Using WordPad is a quick way to view the file, but it will be difficult to print or to 

zoom out to see the entire file at once.

Hint: In Word , select the Courier New font (or another fixed-width font), a Regular font style, and 6-

point size. You may need to type size “6” if it is not in the list. Change the page orientation to 
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“Landscape” and adjust the page width until lines don’t wrap in the report. Note, use a 5-point size if 

the file includes any heavy-duty detail reports.

Figure 7.1-1 shows a screen grab of the planning inventory format (*.BUR) where the 

season selection was annual average.

Figure 7.1-1. Format of the Annual Average Inventory with *.BUR Extension.

Each report has an eight-line header followed by the report body. In figure 14, note that 

the header echoes all of the basic scenario data: geographic area, season, calendar 

year, model year range, and title. The header also echoes a long program version

string, and a timestamp for when the scenario was read in. 

 Data Rows: The report body contains rows of data in the following order: 

summary vehicle activity data, followed by pollutant and process emission rates, 

followed by fuel consumption estimates.

Each type of emission rate is given in subtotals by the emissions process (running 

exhaust, hot soak, tire wear, etc.) and then totaled. Figure 14 shows the first few data 

rows that are visible. They include the summary vehicle activity data for vehicle

population, VMT, and trips. The remaining rows show the tons per day ROG emissions 

from each exhaust and evaporative emissions process. 

 Data Columns: In the report body, the columns of data are organized by vehicle 

categories. Within most categories, results are listed for the three Burden 
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technology classifications, followed by a subtotal for the category (NCAT, CAT, 

DSL, and Total). Some vehicle categories only include total.

The columns of data in the standard report show results for six general vehicle 

categories and a fleet total. The six categories include two “specific” categories (cars 

and motorcycles), and four aggregated categories (light, medium, and heavy-duty 

trucks, and buses). 

The columns of data in the heavy-duty detail report show results for the light, medium, 

and heavy-duty trucks, and buses. The heavy-duty truck classes are not aggregated.

.CSV Extension

This report is written to a file with a CSV extension. This file is very similar to the 

Planning Inventory Report in the BUR file, but with much more. It is a text file in 

comma-separated-value (CSV) format. It may contain multiple reports if the run 

included sub-areas and/or multiple scenarios. The report includes all of the data in the 

BUR report, but none of the vehicle classes are aggregated, and all vehicle/technology 

combinations are included.

 Viewing the File: The file should be simple to open in spreadsheet programs 

such as Excel, and also in database programs such as Access or Sybase. 

Figure 7.1-2 shows a portion of the Burden text file report as viewed in a spreadsheet.

Figure 7.1-2. Format of the Text File with *.CSV Extension
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This report also has an eight-line header followed by the report body. This header is 

essentially identical to the one in the BUR file. All of the observations about the BUR 

header also apply to this report‟s header.

 Data Rows: The report body contains rows of data in the following order: 

summary vehicle activity data, followed by pollutant and process emission rates, 

followed by fuel consumption estimates.

Each type of emission rate is given in subtotals by the emissions process (running 

exhaust, hot soak, tire wear, etc.) and then totaled. Figure 15 shows the first few data 

rows that are visible. They include the summary vehicle activity data for vehicle 

population, VMT, and trips. The remaining rows show the tons per day ROG emissions 

from each exhaust and evaporative emissions process. The remaining rows show the 

CO emissions from exhaust emission processes. 

 Data Columns: In the report body, the columns of data are grouped by thirteen 

vehicle classes. Within each class, results are listed for the three Burden 

technology classifications, followed by a subtotal for the vehicle class (NCAT, 

CAT, DSL, and Total). 

Since not all vehicle classes use every technology (there are no diesel motorcycles), 

some output columns are only placeholders. 

.BCD Extension

This report is written to a file with a BCD extension. Although it uses a BCD extension, 

this is a text file in comma-separated-value (CSV) format. It duplicates the BCD reports 

produced by the MVEI7G model. This file contains the same data as the Planning 

Inventory spreadsheet “Text File (CSV)” report, but in record format rather than tabular 

format, which makes it suitable for database selections and spreadsheet sorting.

 Viewing the File: The file should be simple to open in database programs such as 

Access or Sybase, and also in spreadsheet programs such as Excel. Since the 

file does not have a CSV extension, you may need to specify the format as 

“delimited” with a comma for the delimiter.

Figure 7.1-3 shows a portion of the Burden report, as viewed in a spreadsheet, with a 

BCD extension. 
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Figure 7.1-3. Format of the MVEI7G CSV File with *.BCD File Extension.

There is one header row that contains names for the 14 fields.

 Data Rows: Each row (record) in the file contains a single emission rate for a 

combination of one pollutant and one process or process total. The record 

includes several types of fields:

o Five “header” fields that echo scenario data (calendar year, model year range, 

and geographic area);

o Three fields that echo activity summary data (starts, population, and VMT);

o Five index fields (vehicle class, technology category, pollutant, process, and 

time basis); and

o One value field (emissions) with emission rate. 

There are a few items to note about the records:

 The combination of the five index fields uniquely identifies each record. (If there is no 

hourly output, the time basis field is not needed as an index.)

 There is a record for every combination of indexes, including those with no 

population and those that are never calculated. This yields 4095 data records (13 

vehicle classes, 3 technology categories, 7 pollutants, and 15 processes / totals).

 Unlike the other Burden reports, there are no totals across technology categories, no 

subtotaled vehicle categories, and no fleet grand totals across all vehicle classes. 

The user is expected to construct these values with database queries or spreadsheet 

calculations.
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 The header fields are duplicated on every record.

 The activity data is unique by vehicle class and technology category, so it is 

duplicated for pollutant and process combinations.

Weighted Model Year Activity Output

This output gives the Activity components like POP, VMT, Trips, Accrual rate and 

ODOMETER by Model year, as shown in Figure 7.1-4. 

Figure 7.1-4. Weighted Model Year Output.

CEIDARS/CEFS Transaction Format

CEIDARS and CEFS are two different databases maintained by the Emissions 

Inventory Systems Section (EISS) at the Air Resources Board. These databases store 

on-road, off-road, stationary, and area source emission inventories. The on-road 

inventories contain PM, SOx, NOx, TOG and CO emissions, for summer, winter, and 

annual season selections for each area/sub-area in the state. Historically, the on-road 

emissions from EMFAC have been imported into CEIDARS and CEFS databases by 

processing three individual Burden BCD output files (one each for summer, winter and 

annual) through other programs. The purpose of this output is to create a new output 

file (in CTF format) that will communicate effectively with CEIDARS or CEFS databases. 

The EISS will be responsible for converting the single CTF formatted file into either 

CEIDARS or CEFS databases (Figure 7.1-5). More information is provided in Appendix 

9.1.3.
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Figure 7.1-5. CEIDARS and CEFS Transaction Format (CTF)

Detailed Output

The Detailed output below gives the Burden output by Model year, Tech groups and 

Speeds which are useful for Air pollution Modeling community.

Figure 7.1-6. BDN output.
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7.2 EMFAC MODE

The Emfac mode generates emission factors in terms of grams of pollutant emitted per 

vehicle activity. Vehicle activity can be in terms of grams per mile or grams per hour, or 

grams per start, and depends on the emissions process. The emission factors depend 

on basic scenario data options for geographic area, calendar year and month or 

season. In the Emfac mode the model calculates a matrix of emission factors at 

specific values of temperature (-20oF to 120oF), relative humidity (0% to 100%), and 

vehicle speed (idle and 1 mph to 65 mph) for each vehicle class/technology 

combination. In the Emfac mode, an additional input form allows users to customize 

their output and select specific temperature, relative humidity and speed values. One 

important use for the Emfac mode is to generate files for use with the DTIM model. The 

output files are also used in other air quality models such as AIRSHED, CALINE and 

URBEMIS. Output options available in the Emfac mode are shown below.
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Emfac Output

The Emfac mode output files are:

1. Binary Impacts (BIN). This is a binary file with a “bin” extension. This format was 

created to provide outputs compatible with other computer platforms, and now is 

almost redundant given the other output format.

2. ASCII Impacts (ERP). This is an ascii text file with a “erp” extension. This file is 

used in gridded inventory models such as DTIM.

3. Rate Summary (RTS) . This file (also known as “reports format”) has an “rts” 

extension. This is a summary file in that vehicle classes are grouped for reporting 

purposes. This output format is similar to that generated by the MVEI7G model.

4. Impact Rate Detail (RTL). This file as the name implies generates detailed 

information for each vehicle class and technology group combination. This file has 

an “rtl” extension but is in a CSV format. Hence, any spreadsheet program can read 

this file. It is recommended that new users output this file to get a feel for the 

type of information generated in Emfac mode.

In Emfac mode, the model calculates a matrix of corrected emission factors. The 

emission factor units are suitable for input to other models such as DTIM, AIRSHED, 

CALINE and URBEMIS. The primary Emfac reports are formatted for this purpose.

Table 7.2-1 provides a summary of the Emfac mode output extensions.

Table 7.2-1. File Output Extensions

Option on Input Form Filename 

Extension Used

Binary Impacts BIN

ASCII Impacts ERP

Rate Summary RTS

Impact Rate Detail RTL

The Emfac mode calculates a matrix of emission factors at specific values of 

temperature, relative humidity, and vehicle speed. For each of these, the user can 

provide from 1 to 24 values.
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The default Emfac scenario data includes 24 temperatures, 11 humidity values, and 13 

speeds, for 3432 total Temperature/Relative Humidity/speed combinations. (Note that 

Emfac output files are large, and total file size depends on the number of combinations.)

After selecting the output reports and report options in the „EMFAC rate files‟ column, 

the next column „configure EMfac outputs‟ gives three editing options - temperature, 

relative humidity and speed.

If we click on speed, then the window below pops-up with list editing form for speed. In 

this form the user can either select to output emission factors for all speeds or delete 

some of the speed bins and hence minimize the size of the output file.

EMFAC Output Reports

This section provides some sample outputs from the Emfac mode.

.RTS extension

The impact rate summary file generates a file with an *.RTS extension. The impact rate 

summary report is an ASCII text report that contains column-delimited fixed format 

reports. It will contain multiple reports if the run included sub-areas and/or multiple 

scenarios. The report includes data aggregated for all fuels and technologies, in five 

vehicle categories plus a total. The report does not include results by fuel, technology, 

or individual vehicle class. The file can be opened in most text editors and word 

processors. Figure 7.2-1 shows an output from *.RTS file.
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Figure 7.2-1. Example of Impact Rate Summary Format (RTS)

Each report consists of a series of report tables, with each table containing data for a 

different emissions process. The titles for each table are:

Table 1: Running Exhaust Emissions (grams/mile; grams/hr for idle)

Table 2: Starting Emissions (grams/trip)

Table 4: Hot Soak Emissions (grams/trip)

Table 5a: Partial Day Diurnal Loss Emissions (grams/hour)

Table 5b: Multi-Day Diurnal Loss Emissions (grams/hour)

Table 6a: Partial Day Resting Loss Emissions (grams/hour)

Table 6b: Multi-Day Resting Loss Emissions (grams/hour)

Table 7: Estimated Travel Fractions

Table 8: Evaporative Running Loss 

Table 1 is repeated for each combination of temperature and relative humidity. Tables 

2, 4, and 8 are repeated for each temperature. Tables 5a through 7 are only included 

once. The lines of results in each table vary by the number of speeds and 

temperatures.

Header and Data Rows: Each table in the report has a 13-line header, followed by the 

table title, followed by a series of sub-tables. Each sub-table has a one-line identifier 

followed by columns headings and data.

Data Columns: In each table body, the columns of data are grouped by five aggregated 

vehicle categories plus a total for all vehicles. This format is similar to that available in 

MVEI7G model.
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.RTL extension

The Impact Rate Detail file has an *.RTL extension. This file provides more detailed 

information than the RTS file. It is a text report in comma-separated-value (CSV) 

format. It will contain multiple reports if the run included sub-areas and/or multiple

scenarios. 

The size of each report is variable, depending on the number of combinations of 

temperature, relative humidity, and speed in the Emfac matrix. The file should be 

simple to open in spreadsheet programs such as Excel. The report includes all of the 

data in the Impact Rate Summary report, but results are included for each of the 13 

vehicle classes and for the three Burden technology categories (CAT, NCAT, and DSL). 

The column layout is very similar to the Burden CSV report.

Figure 7.2-2 shows an output from the RTL file. This file is typically used as an input file 

to URBEMIS and CALINE Models. 

Figure 7.2-2. Example of Impact Rate Detail Format (RTL)

This report includes exactly the same series of tables and sub-tables as the Impact Rate 

Summary report. In each table body, there are 56 columns of data, for 13 vehicle 

classes plus a fleet total, and 3 technology categories pus a total.

.ERP extension

The ASCII Impacts report file has an *.ERP file extension. This report format is used as 

an input to the (Direct Travel Impact Model) DTIM. This is an inventory model that 
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requires emission estimates (primarily) in grams per hour. These estimates are then 

multiplied by time spent on each freeway link to generate emission estimates in each 

grid.

Figure 7.2-3 shows a sample output from the impact rate file. The ASCII Impacts ERP 

file is an ASCII column-delimited fixed format report, with records using a format specific 

to the DTIM model. For most purposes, this report can only be used by programs 

written for the DTIM record format.

Figure 7.2-3. Example of the ASCII Impact Rate File (ERP)

.BIN Extension

The Binary Impacts file has the same information as the ASCII impacts file except that it 

is in binary file. The file has a *.BIN extension. This file cannot be viewed/read as 

ASCII text. It was originally used for supporting earlier versions of DTIM. It‟s use is 

now limited.
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7.3 CALIMFAC MODE

The CalIMfac mode is used to calculate very detailed emission rates (basic emission 

rates or BER) for each vehicle class and model years from 1965 to the scenario 

calendar year. As a vehicle ages its emissions increase with vehicle mileage. In the 

CalIMfac mode a linear fit is made to the emissions increase with vehicle mileage. This 

linear fit results in a zero mile rate (emissions when the vehicle is new) and deterioration 

rate (emissions increase every 10,000 miles) with a flex point where the deterioration 

rate changes for higher odometer values. These BER are based on standardized 

driving tests (FTP and UC) and the user can select outputs based on either bag 1, bag 

2, bag 3 of the FTP or bag 1, bag 2 of the UC driving cycle. In addition, the user can 

elect to have the emission factors calculated with or without correction factors, which 

account for factors not encountered during standardized tests. The types of data that 

the Calimfac mode can report include:

 Emission rates

 I/M credit factors (difference in emission factors with and without I/M)

 I/M program description

 Constants for calculating emission rates; and 

 Regime fractions (fraction of fleet vehicles in each emission regime).

These types of data are available for a number of combinations of options, such as:

 With and without I/M programs

 Using basic emission rates based on FTP composite data or based on either (1) bag 

1, bag 2, or bag 3 of the FTP or (2) bag 1 or bag 2 of the UC driving cycle

 With and without correction factors. With correction factors implies that the basic 

emission rates are corrected for ambient and driving conditions not encountered 

during standardized testing.

The data can be reported at different levels of aggregation:

 By calendar year with model year and technology group aggregated

 By calendar year and model year with technology group and fuel aggregated

Regime fractions are reported in disaggregated form only, by calendar year, model 

year, and technology group.

In the CalIMfac mode, emission factors are calculated using the same data and 

methodology as in Burden or Emfac mode. When “constants for calculating emission 

factors” (zero-mile and deterioration constants) are reported these are based on linear 

regressions on the modeled results. 
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Figure 7.3-1 shows the Calimfac mode and output options. 

Figure 7.3-1. CalIMfac Mode and Output Options

The user can select to output emission rates by bag (FTP or UC) or select FTP 

composite rates. Further, the user can select corrected or uncorrected rates. Corrected 

implies that the emission rates have been adjusted with respect to temperature, relative 

humidity, air conditioning, speed and other factors not encountered during standardized 

FTP testing. 

CalIMfac Output 

The Calimfac mode output files are:

 Emission Factors (OUT) – without IM & with IM & IM credits & Technology group 

detail. When any of these options, an output file with “out” extension is created. 

Depending on the options selected the output file can contain emission factors 

for vehicles that do not undergo the biennial inspection and maintenance 

program, emission factors of vehicles that undergo a biennial IM program, 
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calendar year specific benefits for the IM program, and detailed emission factors 

for each technology group. The emission factors include a zero mile emission 

rate and a deterioration rate, which deterioration in emissions per 10,000 miles.

 Emission Factors (CYW) – This selection will also generate an output file with a 

“cyw” extension. This file contains calendar year specific emission rates for each 

emissions process and vehicle class. These rates are given for both with and 

without IM cases.

 Model Year Emission Rate (MY) – This selection can generate two files with the 

extensions “my1” and “my2.” The “my1” file contains emissions rates assuming 

no IM program, whereas the “my2” file contains emissions rates assuming that 

vehicles have undergone an IM program. Both files have the same format. 

These files have vehicle class and model year specific emission rates for 

beginning with when the vehicles are first sold up to their age for the scenario 

year. For example, if the scenario year is 1970 then the model will output 1965 

model year emissions for ages 1 through 7

 Regime Growth Rates – This selection generates six files with extensions “rg1 

rg2 rg3 rg4 rg5 rg6.” These are regime growth rate files. Table 7.3-1 shows 

what these files mean. 

Table 7.3-1. Regime Growth Rate Files.

Regime Growth Rates

RG1 HC regime growth rates with no IM

RG2 CO regime growth rates with no IM

RG3 NOx regime growth rates with no IM

RG4 HC regime growth rates with IM

RG5 CO regime growth rates with IM

RG6 NOx regime growth rates with IM
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These files contain the size of normal, moderate, high, very high and super emitting 

vehicles as a function of vehicle class, model year, technology group, and vehicle age. 

Table 7.3-2 shows the Calimfac mode output file extensions.

Table 7.3-2. Calimfac File Output Extensions.

Option on Input Form Filename 

Extension Used

Emission Factors without I/M

Emission Factors with I/M

I/M Credits

Technology Group Detail

OUT & CYW

Regime Growth Rates RG1, RG2, RG3, 

RG4, RG5, RG6

Model Year Em. Rates MY1 & MY2

CalIMfac Output Reports

This section provides some sample outputs from the Calimfac mode.

.OUT Extension

When any one of the following output options is selected: (a) Emission Factors without 

IM; (b)Emission Factors with IM; or (c) Technology Group Detail; an output file with 

extension “OUT” is created.

The *.OUT file contains reports with emission factors, by vehicle class and 

pollutant/process. The reports include data for:

 ZML, DET1, FLEX PT, DET2 – Constants for evaluating emission factors with 

deterioration based on odometer mileage.

 0K, 50K, 100K – Emission factors evaluated at odometer mileage of 0, 50,000, and 

100,000 miles.

The first two options (Emission Factors without I/M and Emission Factors with I/M) 

generate reports with emission factors by vehicle class, pollutant/process, and model 

year for the scenario calendar year. 

The Technology Group Detail option generates a report of emission factors without I/M 

effects, by vehicle class, pollutant/process, model year, and technology group for the 

scenario calendar year.
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The Emission Factors with I/M option also generates a report that lists the I/M programs 

defined. Note, this is the only report that lists I/M program details.

The file will contain multiple reports. There are four reports types possible in the OUT 

file, using three different formats. These reports are all column-delimited fixed format 

ASCII reports: (a) the two model-year reports (without tech groups) are tables with 

eight columns; (b) the tech group detail reports are tables with nine columns; and (c) the 

I/M program listings are tables with two columns.

Figure 7.3-2 shows a sample output from the *.OUT file. This file contains zero mile 

emissions and a deterioration rate with odometer.

Figure 7.3-2. Model Year Specific Emission Rates from the *.OUT file.

.CYW Extension

Figure 7.3-3 shows an example of calendar year specific output contained in the *.CYW 

file. This file contains calendar year specific emission rates. These rates when 

multiplied by the appropriate activity should get the tons per day estimates by calendar 

year.

Each report consists of a series of report tables. The tables for factors without I/M, with 

I/M, and I/M credit all have the same format. The tables are ordered by vehicle class. 

To keep track of which report you are dealing with, note the report type in the table title, 

and the vehicle class in the first column of data. In the example above, the table title is 

“CALENDAR YEAR EMISSION FACTORS I/M,” and the vehicle class is 1 (LDA or 

personal cars).
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All of the tables for a vehicle class are written together. Within a vehicle class, the 

tables are written in this order: factors without I/M, factors with I/M, then I/M credit 

factors.

Figure 7.3-3. Example of the CYW Output File.

.RG1 to RG6 Extensions

Selecting the “Regime Growth Rates” option generates six file outputs with the file 

extensions RG1, RG2, RG3, RG4, RG5, and RG6. These files contain the size of 

normal, moderate, high, very high and super emitting regimes as a function of vehicle 

class, model year, technology group, and vehicle age. Figure 28 shows an example of 

the regime growth rate file (Refer to table 4 for RG1 to RG6). 

This figure shows how fraction of normal emitting vehicles decrease and the fraction of 

super emitting vehicles increase with vehicle age. 
PTSD-MSAB Page 49

Figure 7.3-4. Example of Regime Growth Rate file (RG1).

.MY1 and .MY2 Extension

The “Model Year Emission. Rate” option selection generates two files, with the extensions 

“MY1” and “MY2.” Each file contains a single report with emission factors by vehicle class, 

model year, and age. The MY1 file contains data for the without-I/M case, and the MY2 file 

contains data for the with-I/M case.

The “MY1” file contains emission rates for vehicles that have not undergone an I/M 

program, whereas the “MY2” file contains emissions rates assuming vehicles have 

undergone an I/M program. Both files have the same format. These files contain 

emission rates, by vehicle class and model year, beginning with when the vehicles were 

first sold up to their age in the scenario year. For example, if the scenario year is 1970, 

the model will output 1965 model year emissions for ages 1 through 7. Figure 7.3-5

shows a sample output from the *MY1 file.
PTSD-MSAB Page 50

Figure 7.3-5. Emission Rates by Model Year from the *MY1 file.
PTSD-MSAB Page 51

8.0 EDITING FUNDAMENTAL DATA

This section contains screen prints of dialogs where the user can edit fundamental data. 

These screen prints complement the real-time presentation given at the workshops.

First of all, when we click on „Edit Scenario‟ or „Add Scenario‟, we see the „INPUT1‟ and 

INPUT2‟ and “Mode and Outputs‟ at the top which are used already for the basic 

scenario inputs like Calendar Year, Scenario title and whether we like EMFAC or 

BURDEN outputs etc. 

The model can estimate emissions for any calendar year between 1970 and 2040. In 

Emfac2001/2002, user can only specify one calendar year per scenario. But in 

EMFAC2011-LDV, user can input many years in a single scenario – in other words, this 

new model can be called a multi-scenario model. For example, in Emfac2001/2002, a 

user seeking emission inventories for the Los Angeles County for 2000 to 2005 should 

create a file in which only basic scenario data are edited, and the file should have six 

scenarios. These six scenarios correspond to the calendar years 2000, 2001, 2002, 

2003, 2004, and 2005.

But with the new EMFAC2011-LDV, a user can input all years from 2000 to 2005 into a 

SINGLE SCENARIO. 

If a scenario is already open, then if we click on adding a scenario, it will give two 

options – 1) copy of the existing scenario or 2) A new blank scenario
PTSD-MSAB Page 52

Editing Technology Fractions and I/M Options

The dialog for editing the default exhaust and evaporative technology fractions and 

default I/M options is shown below. 

This dialog allows the user to change default sales fractions. These sales fractions 

reflect the type of vehicles sold in each model year. The sales fractions or technology 

fractions are specific to each vehicle class. This dialog has been used extensively by 

groups interested in estimating the effect on inventory from changing the percentage of 

either zero emitting vehicles or low emission vehicles. 
PTSD-MSAB Page 53

The user can edit sales fractions by vehicle class. Further, for each vehicle class the 

user can edit sales fractions from the first model year to the last model year (same as 

the scenario year). The index refers to technology groups as detailed in Appendix A-1. 

The percentage refers to the default sales fractions. Similar dialog is used for choosing 

the Evaporative technology fractions.
PTSD-MSAB Page 54

Interim I/M

This button is a special feature that allows staff to vary the effectiveness of the current 

ASM I/M program. In Emfac2000 it was assumed that the Bureau of Automotive Repair 

would implement ASM cut-points that would achieve their SIP reductions. However, 

BAR has elected to gradually increase the stringency of the ASM cut-points. When 

these cut-points are revised, staff can edit these constants and determine the increased 

benefits from the new cut-points. 

As with all I/M options new users should not change the default I/M options or the 

interim I/M constants without a thorough understanding how these options work.

Changing Activity Data

The following dialogs show how the user can edit fundamental activity data such as 

population, accrual rates, trips and vehicle miles traveled. This ability is of great use to 

regional planners who may be interested in estimating the impact on emissions by 

changing the default VMT and trip estimates. For example, when a regional 

transportation plan (RTP) is revised planners usually have new estimates of VMT for 

forecast years. The planners are then asked to estimate the impact on emissions as a 

result of the new RTP.

The following activity dialogs give users the ability to change the default population, 

VMT and trip estimates for a given scenario year. Users should be aware that all the 

dialogs are sequenced noting the inter-dependencies among the data.
PTSD-MSAB Page 55

For example, editing population will affect the default VMT and trip estimates. Hence 

this dialog precedes the VMT dialog. 

When we click on „info‟, we get the explanation of how accrual rates do not vary by 

Calendar Year.
PTSD-MSAB Page 56

The user can change the total population estimate or change population estimates by 

vehicle class and fuel type and can edit the default VMT and trip estimates.
PTSD-MSAB Page 57

Editing Profiles/Speed

The following dialog allows user to change the diurnal temperature and relative humidity 

profiles. This ability has allowed staff to estimate emissions specific to ozone episodes 

for any area of the state. Further, users can also determine the impact of fuel RVP on 

evaporative emissions. In this dialog, users can also change the default speed 

distributions by vehicle class and hour. The transportation agencies provide information 

on the number of miles traveled at various speeds. This information is referred to as a 

speed distribution. Users can then determine the impact on emissions by changing 

these default speed distributions. 

This version of EMFAC2011-LDV has an additional button – IDLE TIME – which is 

useful for Heavy duty truck emission calculations. The dialogs for editing temperature 

and relative humidity are similar. Again as before, if we click on „INFO‟ (FIG 41), we will 

be notified as to how the Temperature and Humidity are affected in a scenario 

containing multiple Calendar Years. 
PTSD-MSAB Page 58

They both allow the user to change either the temperature or relative humidity for any 

hour of the day. The user can also edit the values for a range of hours and apply a 

constant temperature or relative humidity. Below is the dialog for editing fundamental 

temperatures. 

In the course of developing an RTP, planners are given new VMT estimates and 

information on how much travel occurs at various speeds. This information is output 
PTSD-MSAB Page 59

from transportation models. For example, if an RTP includes new lanes being added. 

Then this will increase the flow of vehicles, reduce congestion and increase how much 

travel occurs at higher speeds. The following dialog labeled “speed fractions” gives 

users the ability to change the default speed distributions. A speed distribution 

describes the percent of travel that occurs at speed. 

In EMFAC2011-LDV, the speed distributions can vary by 13 vehicle classes, and by 

hour of the day. The user can select the vehicle class and hour they are interested in 

editing, edit the values and then apply the changes to the same hour and vehicle class. 

They can also apply these same edits to other hours and vehicle classes

The differences between EMFAC2011-LDV and EMFAC2001/2002 in this screen (FIG 

44) are evident. Now the speeds are in Fractions (not in percentages), also the there 

are 3 bins – 1, 5 and 10 MPH. Also the output can be exported to EXCEL for further 

analysis. 
PTSD-MSAB Page 60

Having edited fundamental data the user should press “Finish” and then select the 

“Save As” button to name the output file. Note, in naming the file the user should not 

attach an extension to the filename. The model will create an input file with “ *.INP” 

extension. This input file will contain all data necessary for duplicating the results at a 

later time.

Below shows the progress screen when “RUN” has been initiated. This progress 

screen shows the location of the input/output files. It also shows the scenario number 

currently being processed.
PTSD-MSAB Page 61

9.0 APPENDICES

9.1.1 APPENDIX 1 – EXHAUST TECHNOLOGY GROUPS

Tech. 

Group

Model 

Years 

Using TG 

in FRAC 

arrays.

VehiclesUusing TG in 

FRAC arrays.

Fuel 

Type Catalyst Fuel Delivery Description

1 1965-1977 LDA-LDT-MDV gas NonCat Carb Pre-1975 no secondary air 

2 1966-1977 LDA-LDT-MDV gas NonCat Carb Pre-1975 with secondary air 

3 1975-1982 LDA-LDT-MDV gas NonCat Carb 1975+ 

4 1975-1980 LDA-LDT-MDV gas OxCat Carb 1975-76 with secondary air 

5 1975-1979 LDA-LDT-MDV gas OxCat Carb 1975-79 no secondary air 

6 1980-1989 LDA-LDT-MDV gas OxCat Carb 1980+ no secondary air 

7 1977-1987 LDA-LDT-MDV gas OxCat Carb 1977+ with secondary air 

8 1978-1982 LDA-LDT-MDV gas TWC TBI / Carb 1977-79 

9 1981-1984 LDA gas TWC TBI / Carb 1981-84 0.7 NOx std. 

10 1985-1995 LDA-LDT-MDV gas TWC TBI / Carb 1985+ 0.7 NOx std. 

11 1977-1980 LDA gas TWC MPFI 1977-80 

12 1981-1985 LDA-LDT-MDV gas TWC MPFI 1981-85 0.7 NOx std. 

13 1986-1995 LDA-LDT-MDV gas TWC MPFI 1986+ 0.7 NOx std. 

14 1983-1994 LDA-LDT-MDV gas TWC TBI / Carb 1981+ 0.4 NOx std. 

15 1983-1994 LDA-LDT gas TWC MPFI 1981+ 0.4 NOx std. 

16 1980-1984 LDA-LDT-MDV gas TWC TBI / Carb 1980

17 1993-1995 LDA-LDT gas TWC TBI / Carb 1993+ 0.25 HC std. 

18 1993-1995 LDA-LDT gas TWC MPFI 1993+ 0.25 HC std. 

19 1996-1999 LDA-LDT gas TWC TBI / Carb 1996+ 0.25 HC std OBD2 

20 1996-1999 LDA-LDT gas TWC MPFI 1996+ 0.25 HC std OBD2 

21 1994-1995 LDA-LDT gas Adv.TWC MPFI 1994-95 TLEV AFC 

22 1996-1996 LDA-LDT gas Adv.TWC MPFI 1996+ TLEV OBD2 AFC 

23 1997-2005 LDA-LDT-MDV gas Adv.TWC MPFI 1996+ LEV OBD2 GCL CBC AFC

24 1997-2005 LDA-LDT-MDV gas Adv.TWC MPFI 1996+ ULEV OBD2 GCL CBC AFC

25 2003-2040 LDA-LDT1 ele na na ZEV-Pure Electric 

26 1996-2000 LDT-MDV gas TWC MPFI 1996+ 0.7 NOx std. OBD2 

27 1996-2000 LDT-MDV gas TWC TBI / Carb 1996+ OBD2 

28 2004-2040 LDA-LDT-MDV gas Adv.TWC MPFI 2004+ LEV II OBD2 
PTSD-MSAB Page 62

Tech. 

Group

Model 

Years 

Using TG 

in FRAC 

arrays.

VehiclesUusing TG in 

FRAC arrays.

Fuel 

Type Catalyst Fuel Delivery Description

29 2006-2040 LDA-LDT gas Adv.TWC MPFI 2004+ ULEV II OBD2 

30 gas Adv.TWC MPFI 2004+ SULEV II OBD2 

31 2003-2040 LDA-LDT1 gas Adv.TWC MPFI 2004+ PZEV OBD2 

32 2009-2040 LDA-LDT1 gas Adv.TWC MPFI 2004+ Tier2-3 120K //0.055/2.1/0.03 OBD2 

33 2007-2040 LDA-LDT gas Adv.TWC MPFI 2004+ Tier2-4 120K //0.07/2.1/0.04 OBD2 

34 2004-2006 MDV gas Adv.TWC MPFI 2004+ Tier2-8 120K //0.156/4.2/0.2 OBD2 

35 2004-2006 LDT2 gas Adv.TWC MPFI 2004+ Tier2-9 120K //0.09/4.2/0.3 OBD2 

36 2004-2006 MDV gas Adv.TWC MPFI 2004+ Tier2-10 120K //0.23/6.4/0.6 OBD2 

37 2003-2040 LDA-LDT1 gas Adv.TWC MPFI 2003+ AT PZEV OBD2 

38 Placeholder-do not use39 Placeholder-do not use40 1965-1979 LDA gas NonCat Carb Pre-1980 Mexican veh no secondary air 

41 1975-1986 LDA gas OxCat Carb 1975-76 Mexican veh with secondary air 

42 1980-1987 LDA gas TWC TBI / Carb 1980-87 Mexican veh 0.7 NOx std. 

43 1981-2040 LDA gas TWC MPFI 1981-2040 Mexican veh 0.7 NOx std. 

44 Placeholder-do not use45 Placeholder-do not use46 1965-1976 LHDT1 gas NonCat Carb Pre-1977 

47 1977-1983 LHDT1 gas OxCat Carb 1977-83 

48 1984-1987 LHDT1 gas TWC Carb 1984-87 

49 1988-1990 LHDT1 gas TWC FI 1988-90 

50 1991-1995 LHDT1 gas TWC FI 1991-94 

51 1995-2001 LHDT1 gas TWC MPFI 1995-01 MDV 

52 2002-2003 LHDT1 gas TWC MPFI 2002-03 LEV 

53 2004-2008 LHDT1 gas Adv.TWC MPFI 2004-08 ULEV 

54 2008-2040 LHDT1 gas Adv.TWC MPFI 2008+ USEPA 2008 stds. 

55 Placeholder-do not use56 Placeholder-do not use57 Placeholder-do not use58 Placeholder-do not use- 
PTSD-MSAB Page 63

Tech. 

Group

Model 

Years 

Using TG 

in FRAC 

arrays.

VehiclesUusing TG in 

FRAC arrays.

Fuel 

Type Catalyst Fuel Delivery Description

59 Placeholder-do not use60 1965-1974 LHDT1 dsl Pre-1975 

61 1975-1976 LHDT1 dsl 1975-76 

62 1977-1979 LHDT1 dsl 1977-79 

63 1980-1983 LHDT1 dsl 1980-83 

64 1984-1986 LHDT1 dsl 1984-86 

65 1987-1990 LHDT1 dsl 1987-90 

66 1991-1993 LHDT1 dsl 1991-93 

67 1994-1995 LHDT1 dsl 1994

68 1995-2001 LHDT1 dsl 1995-01 MDV? 

69 2002-2003 LHDT1 dsl 2002-03 LEV 

70 2004-2009 LHDT1 dsl 2004-09 ULEV 

71 2007-2040 LHDT1 dsl 2007+ USEPA 2007 stds. 

72 Placeholder-do not use73 Placeholder-do not use74 Placeholder-do not use75 Placeholder-do not use76 1965-1976 LHDT2 gas NonCat Carb Pre-1977 

77 1977-1983 LHDT2 gas OxCat Carb 1977-83 

78 1984-1987 LHDT2 gas TWC Carb 1984-87 

79 1988-1990 LHDT2 gas TWC FI 1988-90 

80 1991-1995 LHDT2 gas TWC FI 1991-94 

81 1995-2001 LHDT2 gas TWC MPFI 1995-01 MDV 

82 2002-2003 LHDT2 gas TWC MPFI 2002-03 LEV 

83 2004-2008 LHDT2 gas Adv.TWC MPFI 2004-08 ULEV 

84 2008-2040 LHDT2 gas Adv.TWC MPFI 2008+ USEPA 2008 stds. 

85 gas Adv.TWC MPFI Placeholder-do not use86 gas Adv.TWC MPFI Placeholder-do not use87 gas Adv.TWC MPFI Placeholder-do not use88 Placeholder-do not use- 
PTSD-MSAB Page 64

Tech. 

Group

Model 

Years 

Using TG 

in FRAC 

arrays.

VehiclesUusing TG in 

FRAC arrays.

Fuel 

Type Catalyst Fuel Delivery Description

89 Placeholder-do not use90 1965-1974 LHDT2 dsl Pre-1975 

91 1975-1976 LHDT2 dsl 1975-76 

92 1977-1979 LHDT2 dsl 1977-79 

93 1980-1983 LHDT2 dsl 1980-83 

94 1984-1986 LHDT2 dsl 1984-86 

95 1987-1990 LHDT2 dsl 1987-90 

96 1991-1993 LHDT2 dsl 1991-93 

97 1994-1995 LHDT2 dsl 1994

98 1995-2001 LHDT2 dsl 1995-01 MDV 

99 2002-2003 LHDT2 dsl 2002-03 LEV 

100 2004-2009 LHDT2 dsl 2004-09 ULEV 

101 2007-2040 LHDT2 dsl 2007+ USEPA 2007 stds. 

102 Placeholder - do not use - 

103 Placeholder - do not use - 

104 Placeholder - do not use - 

105 Placeholder - do not use - 

106 1965-1976 MHDV gas NonCat Carb Pre-1977 

107 1977-1984 MHDV gas OxCat Carb 1977-83 

108 1984-1987 MHDV gas TWC Carb 1984-87 

109 1986-1990 MHDV gas TWC FI 1988-90 

110 1987-1997 MHDV gas TWC FI 1991-97 

111 1994-2003 MHDV gas TWC MPFI 1998-03 

112 1998-2004 MHDV gas TWC MPFI 2004

113 2004-2040 MHDV gas TWC MPFI 2005 1g HC + NOx std. 

114 2008-2040 MHDT gas TWC MPFI 2008+ USEPA 2008 stds. 

115 Placeholder - do not use - 

116 Placeholder - do not use - 

117 Placeholder - do not use - 

118 Placeholder - do not use - 
PTSD-MSAB Page 65

Tech. 

Group

Model 

Years 

Using TG 

in FRAC 

arrays.

VehiclesUusing TG in 

FRAC arrays.

Fuel 

Type Catalyst Fuel Delivery Description

119 Placeholder - do not use - 

120 1965-1974 MHDT-MH dsl Pre-1975 

121 1975-1976 MHDT-MH dsl 1975-76 

122 1977-1979 MHDT-MH dsl 1977-79 

123 1980-1983 MHDT-MH dsl 1980-83 

124 1984-1986 MHDT-MH dsl 1984-86 

125 1987-1990 MHDT-MH dsl 1987-90 

126 1991-1993 MHDT-MH dsl 1991-93 

127 1994-1997 MHDT-MH dsl 1994-97 

128 1998-1998 MHDT-MH dsl 1998

129 1999-2003 MHDT-MH dsl 1999-02 

130 2003-2009 MHDT-MH dsl 2003-06 2g NOx std. 

131 2007-2040 MHDT-MH dsl 2007+ USEPA 2007 stds. 

132 Placeholder - do not use - 

133 Placeholder - do not use - 

134 Placeholder - do not use - 

135 Placeholder - do not use - 

136 1965-1976 HHDV gas NonCat Carb Pre-1977 

137 1977-1984 HHDV gas OxCat Carb 1977-84 

138 1985-1985 HHDV gas TWC Carb 1985 

139 1986-1986 HHDV gas TWC FI 1986 

140 1987-1993 HHDV gas TWC FI 1987-93 

141 1994-1997 HHDV gas TWC MPFI 1994-97 

142 1998-2003 HHDV gas TWC MPFI 1998-03 

143 2004-2040 HHDV gas TWC MPFI 2004-06 

144 gas TWC MPFI 2007+ USEPAs std Placeholder-do not use145 Placeholder - do not use - 

146 Placeholder - do not use - 

147 Placeholder - do not use - 

148 Placeholder - do not use - 
PTSD-MSAB Page 66

Tech. 

Group

Model 

Years 

Using TG 

in FRAC 

arrays.

VehiclesUusing TG in 

FRAC arrays.

Fuel 

Type Catalyst Fuel Delivery Description

149 Placeholder - do not use - 

150 1965-1974 HHDV dsl Pre-1975 CA stds. 

151 1975-1976 HHDV dsl 1975-76 CA Stds. 

152 1977-1979 HHDV dsl 1977-79 CA Stds. 

153 1980-1983 HHDV dsl 1980-83 CA Stds. 

154 1984-1986 HHDV dsl 1984-86 CA Stds. 

155 1987-1990 HHDV dsl 1987-90 CA Stds. 

156 1991-1993 HHDV dsl 1991-93 CA Stds. 

157 1994-1997 HHDV dsl 1994-97 CA Stds. 

158 1998-1998 HHDV dsl 1998 CA Stds. 

159 1999-2002 HHDV dsl 1999-02 CA Stds. 

160 2003-2006 HHDV dsl 2003-06 CA 2g NOx Stds. 

161 2007-2009 HHDV dsl 2007+ USEPA2007 stds 50% NOx phased-in. 

162 2010+ HHDV dsl 2007+USEPA2007 stds 100% NOx phased-in. 

163 2010+ HHDV dsl 2007+ USEPA 2007 stds W/OBD2. 

164 Placeholder - do not use - 

165 Placeholder - do not use - 

166 Placeholder - do not use - 

167 Placeholder - do not use - 

168 Placeholder - do not use - 

169 Placeholder - do not use - 

170 1965-1974 LDA-LDT-MDV dsl Pre-1975 

171 1975-1979 LDA-LDT-MDV dsl 1975-79 

172 1980-1980 LDA-LDT-MDV dsl 1980

173 1981-1981 LDA-LDT-MDV dsl 1981

174 1982-1982 LDA-LDT-MDV dsl 1982

175 1983-1983 LDA-LDT-MDV dsl 1983

176 1984-1992 LDA-LDT-MDV dsl 1984-92 

177 1993-2003 LDA-LDT-MDV dsl 1993+ 

178 Placeholder - do not use - 
PTSD-MSAB Page 67

Tech. 

Group

Model 

Years 

Using TG 

in FRAC 

arrays.

VehiclesUusing TG in 

FRAC arrays.

Fuel 

Type Catalyst Fuel Delivery Description

179 Placeholder - do not use - 

180 Placeholder - do not use - 

181 Placeholder - do not use - 

182 Placeholder - do not use - 

183 Placeholder - do not use - 

184 Placeholder - do not use - 

185 Placeholder - do not use - 

186 Placeholder - do not use - 

187 Placeholder - do not use - 

188 Placeholder - do not use - 

189 Placeholder - do not use - 

190 Placeholder - do not use - 

191 Placeholder - do not use - 

192 Placeholder - do not use - 

193 Placeholder - do not use - 

194 Placeholder - do not use - 

195 Placeholder - do not use - 

196 Placeholder - do not use - 

197 Placeholder - do not use - 

198 Placeholder - do not use - 

199 Placeholder - do not use - 

200 1965-1973 HHDV dsl Pre-1974 Federal Stds. 

201 1974-1978 HHDV dsl 1974-78 Federal Stds. 

202 1979-1983 HHDV dsl 1979-83 Federal Stds. 

203 1984-1987 HHDV dsl 1984-87 Federal Stds. 

204 1988-1990 HHDV dsl 1988-90 Federal Stds. 

205 1991-1993 HHDV dsl 1991-93 Federal Stds. 

206 1994-1997 HHDV dsl 1994-97 Federal Stds. 

207 1998-1998 HHDV dsl 1998 Federal Stds. 

208 1999-2003 HHDV dsl 1999-02 Federal Stds. 
PTSD-MSAB Page 68

Tech. 

Group

Model 

Years 

Using TG 

in FRAC 

arrays.

VehiclesUusing TG in 

FRAC arrays.

Fuel 

Type Catalyst Fuel Delivery Description

209 2003-2009 HHDV dsl 2003-06 Federal Stds. 

210 2007-2009 HHDV dsl 2007+ USEPA2007 stds 50% NOx phased-in. 

211 2010+ HHDV dsl 2007+USEPA2007 stds 100% NOx phased-in. 

212 Placeholder-do not use213 Placeholder-do not use214 Placeholder-do not use215 Placeholder-do not use216 1965-1986 UB dsl Pre-87 

217 1987-1990 UB dsl 1987-90 

218 1991-1993 UB dsl 1991-93 

219 1994-1995 UB dsl 1994-95 

220 1996-1998 UB dsl 1996-98 

221 1999-2002 UB dsl 1999-02 

222 2003-2003 UB dsl 2003

223 2004-2006 UB dsl 2004-06 

224 2007-2040 UB dsl 2007

225 2008-2040 UB dsl 2008+ ZEV or ZEBS 

226 Placeholder-do not use227 Placeholder-do not use228 1965-1976 SBUS gas NonCat Carb Pre-77 

229 1977-1983 SBUS gas OxCat TBI / Carb 1977-83 

230 1984-1987 SBUS gas TWC FI 1984-87 

231 1988-1990 SBUS gas TWC FI 1988-90 

232 1991-1997 SBUS gas TWC FI 1991-97 

233 1998-2003 SBUS gas TWC MPFI 1998-03 

234 2004-2004 SBUS gas TWC MPFI 2004

235 2005-2008 SBUS gas TWC MPFI 2005 1g HC+NOx Stds. 

236 2008-2040 SBUS gas TWC MPFI 2008+ USEPAs Stds. 

237 Placeholder - do not use - 

238 Placeholder - do not use - 
PTSD-MSAB Page 69

Tech. 

Group

Model 

Years 

Using TG 

in FRAC 

arrays.

VehiclesUusing TG in 

FRAC arrays.

Fuel 

Type Catalyst Fuel Delivery Description

239 Placeholder - do not use - 

240 1965-1974 SBUS dsl Pre-75 

241 1975-1976 SBUS dsl 1975-76 

242 1977-1979 SBUS dsl 1977-79 

243 1980-1983 SBUS dsl 1980-83 

244 1984-1986 SBUS dsl 1984-86 

245 1987-1990 SBUS dsl 1987-90 

246 1991-1993 SBUS dsl 1991-93 

247 1994-1997 SBUS dsl 1994-97 

248 1998-1998 SBUS dsl 1998

249 1999-2003 SBUS dsl 1999-02 

250 2003-2009 SBUS dsl 2003-06 2g NOx Std 

251 2007-2040 SBUS dsl 2007+ USEPA Std. 

252 Placeholder - do not use - 

253 Placeholder - do not use - 

254 Placeholder - do not use - 

255 Placeholder - do not use - 

256 Placeholder - do not use - 

257 Placeholder - do not use - 

258 Placeholder - do not use - 

259 Placeholder - do not use - 

260 1965-1977 MCY gas NonCat 2-Stroke All 6g evap Std. 

261 1965-1977 MCY gas NonCat Carb Pre-1978 6g evap Std. 

262 1978-1979 MCY gas NonCat Carb 1978-79 6g evap Std. 

263 1980-1981 MCY gas NonCat Carb 1980-81 6g evap Std. 

264 1982-1984 MCY gas NonCat Carb 1982-84 6g evap Std. 

265 1985-1987 MCY gas NonCat Carb 1985-87 2g evap Std. 

266 1988-2003 MCY gas NonCat Carb 1988-03 2g evap Std. 

267 1994-2003 MCY gas NonCat FI 1988-03 2g evap Std. 

268 1995-2003 MCY gas OxCat Carb 1988-03 2g evap Std. 
PTSD-MSAB Page 70

Tech. 

Group

Model 

Years 

Using TG 

in FRAC 

arrays.

VehiclesUusing TG in 

FRAC arrays.

Fuel 

Type Catalyst Fuel Delivery Description

269 1994-2003 MCY gas TWC FI 1988-03 2g evap Std. 

270 2004-2007 MCY gas NonCat Carb 2003-08 2g evap Std. 

271 2004-2007 MCY gas NonCat FI 2003-08 2g evap Std. 

272 2004-2007 MCY gas OxCat Carb 2003-08 2g evap Std. 

273 2004-2007 MCY gas TWC FI 03-08 MCY FI/cat/2g evap 

274 2008-2040 MCY gas NonCat Carb 2008+ 2 evap Std. 

275 2008-2040 MCY gas NonCat FI 2008+ 2 evap Std. 

276 2008-2040 MCY gas OxCat Carb 2008+ 2 evap Std. 

277 2008-2040 MCY gas TWC FI 2008+ 2 evap Std. 

9.1.2 APPENDIX 2 – EVAPORATIVE TECHNOLOGY GROUPS

Tech.

Group

MYrs using 

TG in FRAC 

arrays.

Vehs using TG in FRAC 

arrays.

Fuel 

Type Catalyst Fuel Delivery Description

1 1965-1983 MCY-LDA gas NonCat Carb Pre-1970 uncontrolled

2 1970-1985 MCY-LDA gas NonCat Carb 1970-76 

3 1975-1977 LDA gas Cat Carb 1975-76 

4 1977-1993 MCY-LDA gas NonCat Carb 1977+ 

5 1977-1988 LDA gas Cat Carb 1977+ 

6 1978-1978 LDA gas Cat TBI 1970-78 

7 1977-1978 LDA gas Cat FI 1970-78 

8 1979-1985 LDA gas Cat TBI 1979-85 

9 1979-2040 MCY-LDA gas Cat FI 1979-85 

10 1986-2040 MCY-LDA gas Cat TBI 1986-94 

11 1986-2040 LDA gas Cat FI 1986-94 

12 1995-1997 LDA gas Cat TBI 1995+ 

13 1995-1997 LDA gas Cat MPFI 1995+ 

14 1995-2005 LDA gas Cat MPFI Enhanced evap OBD2 

15 2005-2040 LDA gas Cat MPFI Near zero evap OBD2 

16 2003-2040 LDA ele ZEV 

17 2003-2040 LDA gas Cat MPFI PZEV 
PTSD-MSAB Page 71

Tech.

Group

MYrs using 

TG in FRAC 

arrays.

Vehs using TG in FRAC 

arrays.

Fuel 

Type Catalyst Fuel Delivery Description

18 NO DATA -- DO NOT USE

19 NO DATA -- DO NOT USE

20 NO DATA -- DO NOT USE

21 1965-1969 LDT-MDV-HDV gas NonCat Carb Pre-1970 uncontrolled

22 1970-1979 LDT-MDV-HDV gas NonCat Carb 1970-79 

23 1975-1979 LDT-MDV-HDV gas Cat Carb 1975-79 

24 1980-1980 LDT gas NonCat Carb 1980+ 

25 1980-1990 LDT-MDV-HDV gas Cat Carb 1980+ 

26 1979-1979 LDT gas Cat TBI 1970-79 

27 gas Cat FI 1970-79 

28 1980-1985 LDT-MDV gas Cat TBI 1980-85 

29 1981-1985 LDT-MDV gas Cat FI 1980-85 

30 1986-1994 LDT-MDV-HDV gas Cat TBI 1986-94 

31 1986-1994 LDT-MDV-HDV gas Cat FI 1986-94 

32 1995-1997 LDT-MDV-HDV gas Cat TBI 1995+ 

33 1995-1997 LDT-MDV-HDV gas Cat FI 1995+ 

34 1995-2037 LDT-MDV-HDV gas Cat MPFI Enhanced evap OBD2 

35 2004-2040 LDT-MDV-HDV gas Cat MPFI Near zero evap OBD2 

36 2003-2040 LDT1 ele ZEV 

37 2003-2040 LDT1 gas Cat MPFI PZEV 
PTSD-MSAB Page 72

9.1.3 APPENDIX 3 – CTF OUTPUT 

FIELD NAME FIELD TYPE LENGTH FIELD DESCRIPTION SOURCE

YEAR NUMERIC 4 CAL YEAR OF THE RUN DATA from EMFAC

DIS CHAR 3 DISTRICT ID see Attachment D

AIR BASIN CHAR 3 AIR BASIN ID see Attachment D

CO NUMERIC 2 COUNTY ID see Attachment D

EIC NUMERIC 14 EIC CODE see Attachment B

PR NUMERIC (11,2) 11 ANNUAL PROCESS RATE see Attachment C

HPDY NUMERIC 2 HOURS PER DAY Always 24

DPWK NUMERIC 2 DAY PER WEEK Always 7

JANT NUMERIC(4,1) 5 PERCENT ACTIVITY FOR JANUARY - RANGE 0-100.0 Always 8.333

FEBT NUMERIC(4,1) 5 PERCENT ACTIVITY FOR FEBRUARY - RANGE 0-100.1 Always 8.333

MART NUMERIC(4,1) 5 PERCENT ACTIVITY FOR MARCH - RANGE 0-100.2 Always 8.333

APRT NUMERIC(4,1) 5 PERCENT ACTIVITY FOR APRIL - RANGE 0-100.3 Always 8.333

MAYT NUMERIC(4,1) 5 PERCENT ACTIVITY FOR MAY - RANGE 0-100.4 Always 8.333

JUNT NUMERIC(4,1) 5 PERCENT ACTIVITY FOR JUNE - RANGE 0-100.5 Always 8.333

JULT NUMERIC(4,1) 5 PERCENT ACTIVITY FOR JULY - RANGE 0-100.6 Always 8.333

AUGT NUMERIC(4,1) 5 PERCENT ACTIVITY FOR AUGUST - RANGE 0-100.7 Always 8.333

SEPT NUMERIC(4,1) 5 PERCENT ACTIVITY FOR SEPTEMBER - RANGE 0-100.8 Always 8.333

OCTT NUMERIC(4,1) 5 PERCENT ACTIVITY FOR OCTOBER - RANGE 0-100.9 Always 8.333

NOVT NUMERIC(4,1) 5 PERCENT ACTIVITY FOR NOVEMBER - RANGE 0-100.10 Always 8.333

DECT NUMERIC(4,1) 5 PERCENT ACTIVITY FOR DECEMBER - RANGE 0-100.11 Always 8.333

POL NUMERIC 9 POLLUTANT CODE Always TOG&PM - see Attach. E

EMFACT NUMBER (10,4) 11 EMISSION FACTOR (LBS PER EIC UNIT) lbs per unit of Attachment C

SEASON CHAR 14 SEASON Sum,Win or AA -PROMPT USER

EMS NUMERIC(10,4) 11 EMISSIONS (TONS/DAY) from EMFAC

VERSION CHAR 15 EMFAC VERSION from EMFAC

OPERATOR CHAR 3 OPERATOR INITIALS PROMPT USER

TDATE DATE 8 TRANSACTION DATE RUN DATE