CHAPTER 6. ENERGY AND WATER USE DETERMINATION 

TABLE OF CONTENTS 

6.1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................... 6-1 

6.2 PER-CYCLE ENERGY AND WATER CONSUMPTION BY EFFICIENCY 

LEVEL............................................................................................................................. 6-1 

6.3 AVERAGE ANNUAL ENERGY AND WATER CONSUMPTION BY 

EFFICIENCY LEVEL..................................................................................................... 6-5 

6.4 VARIABILITY OF ANNUAL ENERGY AND WATER CONSUMPTION.............. 6-10 

LIST OF TABLES 

Table 6.2.1 Residential Clothes Washer Energy Use Data from DOE 2000 TSD ................. 6-3 

Table 6.2.2 Top-Loading Commercial Clothes Washers: Per-Cycle Energy and Water 

Use by Efficiency Level....................................................................................... 6-5 

Table 6.2.3 Front-Loading Commercial Clothes Washers: Per-Cycle Energy and 

Water Use by Efficiency Level............................................................................ 6-5 

Table 6.3.1 Commercial Clothes Washer Usage Data............................................................ 6-7 

Table 6.3.2 Top-Loading Commercial Clothes Washers, Multi-Family Application: 

Annual Energy and Water Use by Efficiency Level............................................ 6-8 

Table 6.3.3 Top-Loading Commercial Clothes Washers, Laundromat Application: 

Annual Energy and Water Use by Efficiency Level............................................ 6-9 

Table 6.3.4 Front-Loading Commercial Clothes Washers, Multi-Family Application: 

Annual Energy and Water Use by Efficiency Level............................................ 6-9 

Table 6.3.5 Front-Loading Commercial Clothes Washers, Laundromat Application: 

Annual Energy and Water Use by Efficiency Level............................................ 6-9 

LIST OF FIGURES 

Figure 6.2.1 Residential Clothes Washer RMC versus MEF from DOE 2000 TSD ............... 6-4 

Figure 6.4.1 Probability Distribution for Commercial Clothes Washer Usage in MultiFamily Applications........................................................................................... 6-10 

Figure 6.4.2 Probability Distribution for Commercial Clothes Washer Usage in 

Laundromat Applications................................................................................... 6-11 

6-i 

EERE-2006-STD-0127 COMMENT 69.1
 

 

CHAPTER 6. ENERGY AND WATER USE DETERMINATION 

6.1 INTRODUCTION 

To carry out the life-cycle cost (LCC) and payback period (PBP) calculations described 

in Chapter 8, DOE needed to determine the operating cost savings to consumers from moreefficient equipment. The LCC and PBP analysis requires data on annual energy and water use 

because, along with energy and water prices, DOE uses these data to establish the most 

significant component of consumer operating costs. (Maintenance and repair costs are the other 

contributors to operating cost.) This chapter describes how DOE determined the annual energy 

and water consumption of commercial clothes washers. 

This chapter presents information and results pertaining solely to CCWs. As described in 

section 1.3 of chapter 1 of this technical support document (TSD), DOE is continuing the 

rulemaking for energy conservation standards for microwave oven standby power, and analyses 

related to these products will be published in a separate TSD. In addition, DOE issued a final 

rule1

 adopting energy conservation standards for conventional cooking products (i.e., cooktops 

and ovens) and microwave oven energy factor (EF), and details of the analyses for these products 

are contained in the corresponding final rule TSD.2 

6.2	 PER-CYCLE ENERGY AND WATER CONSUMPTION BY EFFICIENCY 

LEVEL 

DOE established the annual energy and water consumption of commercial clothes 

washers by multiplying the per-cycle energy and water use by the number of cycles per year. 

Commercial clothes washer per-cycle energy consumption is composed of three 

components: water-heating energy, machine energy, and drying energy. The machine energy is 

composed of the motor energy for turning an agitator or rotating the wash basket. Based on 

language in the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005), DOE is required to rate commercial 

clothes washers with the same test procedure established for residential clothes washers.3 DOE 

adopted test procedures for commercial clothes washers in a final rule published on October 18, 

2005.4

 The DOE test procedure provides the following equations to calculate the total per-cycle 

dishwasher energy consumption: 

HE

CWCYCLE = 

T

× c + MET + DE e

where: 

CWCYCLE = Total commercial clothes washer per-cycle energy consumption, 

HET = Per-cycle water heating consumption (kWh/cycle), 

6-1 

EERE-2006-STD-0127 COMMENT 69.1
e = Efficiency of electric water heater (100%) or gas water heater (75%), 

c = Conversion factor if water heater is gas (3,412 Btu/kWh), 

MET = Per-cycle machine electrical energy consumption (kWh/cycle), and 

DE = Per-cycle energy consumption for removal of moisture from test load, i.e., 

dryer energy consumption (kWh/cycle). 

The following equation from the DOE test procedure determines the per-cycle energy 

consumption for the removal of moisture: 

_ DE = LAF ×WGHTMAX × (RMC 4%)× DEF × DUF ×GCF

where: 

LAF = Load adjustment factor = 0.52, 

WGHTMAX = Maximum test-load weight (lbs/cycle), 

RMC = Remaining moisture content (lbs), 

DEF = Nominal energy required for a clothes dryer to remove moisture from
 

clothes = 0.5 kWh/lb, and 

DUF = Dryer usage factor, percentage of washer loads dried in a clothes dryer = 

0.84. 

In the case of gas drying, DOE multiplies the dryer energy consumption by a gas correction 

factor to account for the additional energy required by a gas dryer to dry clothes relative to an 

electric dryer. The following equation determines per-cycle gas drying energy consumption. 

DG = GCF × DE

where: 

DG = Per-cycle energy consumption for removal of moisture from test load due to 

a gas dryer, i.e., dryer energy consumption (kWh/cycle), and 

GCF = Gas correction factor = 1.12.5 

DOE establishes the energy and water efficiencies of commercial clothes washers with a 

modified energy factor (MEF) and a water factor (WF). The following equations from the DOE 

test procedure determine the MEF and WF: 

C

MEF = CWCYCLE

QT WF = 

C

6-2 

EERE-2006-STD-0127 COMMENT 69.1
where: 

C = Container capacity (cubic feet), and 

QT = Per-cycle water consumption (gal/cycle). 

The energy required to remove moisture from clothes, i.e., the dryer energy, is a 

significant component of total clothes washer energy consumption. In the above equation to 

determine dryer energy use, the only unknown quantity is the remaining moisture content (RMC) 

of the clothes. Because data were not provided by manufactures, DOE used its residential 

clothes washer analysis from the year 2000 to determine a relationship between RMC and MEF 

for the purpose of calculating the dryer energy for commercial clothes washers. Table 6.2.1 

shows the summary data for residential clothes washers from DOE’s 2000 TSD.6 As shown in 

Table 6.2.1, DOE determined the RMC using the dryer energy, the clothes container volume, and 

the resulting maximum test-load weight. 

Table 6.2.1 Residential Clothes Washer Energy Use Data from DOE 2000 TSD 

MEF Clothes Container Dryer Energy Max Test Load Weight 

cu.ft./kWh/cycle cu.ft. kWh/cycle lb/cycle RMC

0.817 2.847 1.430 11.7 60.0% 

0.860 2.817 1.413 11.7 59.3% 

0.908 2.822 1.400 11.7 58.8% 

0.961 2.832 1.407 11.7 59.1% 

1.021 2.893 1.408 11.7 59.1% 

1.089 2.866 1.273 11.7 53.8% 

1.257 2.749 1.270 11.3 55.5% 

1.362 2.749 1.263 11.3 55.2% 

1.485 2.736 1.107 11.3 48.9% 

1.634 2.736 1.047 11.3 46.4% 

Figure 6.2.1 plots the MEF and RMC data in Table 6.2.1 against each other. As indicated in the 

figure, the relationship between MEF and RMC is approximately linear. Therefore, knowing the 

MEF, DOE was able to use this relationship to determine an RMC and, in turn, a per-cycle dryer 

energy consumption. 

6-3 

EERE-2006-STD-0127 COMMENT 69.1
RMC = -0.1560278 * MEF + 0.7337259 

R2

 = 0.8651900 

45% 

50% 

55% 

60% 

65% 

0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 

MEF 

RMC 

Figure 6.2.1 Residential Clothes Washer RMC versus MEF from DOE 2000 TSD 

As discussed in Chapter 5, DOE analyzed specific efficiency levels for top-loading and 

front-loadig commercial clothes washers. Tables 6.2.2 and 6.2.3 show the efficiency levels for 

top-loading and front-loading commercial clothes washers, respectively, and their corresponding 

per-cycle energy and water use. Per-cycle energy use is disaggregated into water heating, 

machine, and clothes drying. DOE determined the per-cycle clothes drying energy use by first 

establishing the RMC based on the relationship between RMC and MEF in Figure 6.2.1. DOE 

then calculated the per-cycle clothes-drying energy use using the equation that determines the 

per-cycle energy consumption for the removal of moisture. DOE determined the per-cycle 

machine energy use from its 2000 TSD for residential clothes washers. In the 2000 TSD, for 

MEFs up to 1.40, machine energy is 0.133 kWh/cycle. For MEFs greater than 1.40, machine 

energy is 0.114 kWh/cycle. With the per-cycle clothes drying and machine energy known, DOE 

determined the per-cycle water-heating energy use by first determining the total per-cycle energy 

use (the clothes container volume divided by the MEF) and then subtracting from it the per-cycle 

clothes-drying and machine energy. The water-heating energy use assumes the use of an electric 

water heater. DOE determined the per-cycle hot water use by dividing the per-cycle waterheating energy use by an assumed temperature rise of 75 oF (21.1 oC) and a specific heat of 

0.0024 kWh/gal-oF (4.186 joule/gram-oC). DOE determined the total water use by multiplying 

the WF by the clothes container volume. 

6-4 

EERE-2006-STD-0127 COMMENT 69.1
Table 6.2.2 Top-Loading Commercial Clothes Washers: Per-Cycle Energy and Water 

Use by Efficiency Level 

Level 

MEF WF 

RMC* 

Energy Use Water Use 

Machine** Dryer*** Water Heat† Hot Total 

cu.ft./kWh/cyc gal/cu.ft. kWh/cyc kWh/cyc kWh/cyc gal/cyc gal/cyc 

Baseline 1.26 9.50 53.7% 0.133 1.27 0.82 4.5 26.6 

1 1.42 9.50 51.2% 0.133 1.21 0.63 3.5 26.6 

2 1.60 8.50 48.4% 0.114 1.13 0.50 2.8 23.8 

* Based on the relationship: RMC = -0.156* MEF + 0.734 

** Based on residential clothes washer data from DOE 2000 TSD, Table 4.1.
 

*** Based on a container volume of 2.8 cu.ft. and a maximum test-load weight of 11.7 lb/cycle. 

† Based on the use of an electric water heater at 100% efficiency. 

Table 6.2.3	 Front-Loading Commercial Clothes Washers: Per-Cycle Energy and Water 

Use by Efficiency Level 

Level 

MEF WF 

RMC* 

Energy Use Water Use 

Machine** Dryer*** Water Heat† Hot Total 

cu.ft./kWh/cyc gal/cu.ft. kWh/cyc kWh/cyc kWh/cyc gal/cyc gal/cyc 

Baseline 1.72 8.00 46.5% 0.114 1.09 0.43 2.4 22.4 

1 1.80 7.50 45.3% 0.114 1.06 0.39 2.1 21.0 

2 2.00 5.50 42.2% 0.114 0.98 0.31 1.7 15.4 

3 2.20 5.10 39.0% 0.114 0.90 0.26 1.5 14.3 

4 2.35 4.40 36.7% 0.114 0.84 0.24 1.3 12.3 

* Based on the relationship: RMC = -0.156* MEF + 0.734 

** Based on residential clothes washer data from DOE 2000 TSD, Table 4.1.
 

*** Based on a container volume of 2.8 cu.ft. and a maximum test-load weight of 11.7 lb/cycle. 

† Based on the use of an electric water heater at 100% efficiency. 

6.3	 AVERAGE ANNUAL ENERGY AND WATER CONSUMPTION BY 

EFFICIENCY LEVEL 

DOE determined the average annual energy and water consumption by multiplying the 

per-cycle energy and water consumption by the number of cycles per year. Because the 

predominant applications of commercial clothes washers are in multi-family buildings and 

laundromats, DOE focused only on these two building applications to determine the appropriate 

number of commercial clothes washer cycles per year. Other applications include lodging 

establishments (e.g., hotels and motels), inpatient health care facilities, and nursing homes. 

Relative to multi-family buildings and laundromats, these other applications are a small segment 

6-5 

EERE-2006-STD-0127 COMMENT 69.1
of the market. Therefore, DOE believes it is not critical to the analysis to accurately characterize 

commercial clothes washer usage for these applications. 

Table 6.3.1 below shows the usage of commercial clothes washers from several studies. 

The last column of the table shows the variation in usage from each of the studies. Note that the 

variation shown for the City of Toronto and Multi-Housing Laundry Association (MLA) studies 

is based on the range of average values for either specific buildings or cities. Thus, if individual 

machine data were made available, the variation in usage would likely be much greater than 

indicated by the average data. For multi-family applications, the usage ranges from 1 to almost 

11 cycles per day. Assuming each study has equal representation, the average value from all 

studies performed on multi-family applications is 3.4 cycles per day. The sparse data on 

commercial clothes washer use in laundromats show a usage variation of 3 to 8 cycles per day 

with an average value of 6 cycles per day. Based on 365 days per year of use, the minimum, 

average, and maximum usage data for multi-family applications of 1.0, 3.4, and 10.9 cycles per 

day yield 365, 1241, and 3979 cycles per year, respectively. For laundromats, the minimum, 

average, and maximum usage data of 3, 6, and 8 cycles per day yield 1095, 2190, and 2920 

cycles per year, respectively. As a comparison, DOE assumed that residential clothes washers 

have an annual average usage of 392 cycles per year. 

6-6 

EERE-2006-STD-0127 COMMENT 69.1
 

 

 

Table 6.3.1 Commercial Clothes Washer Usage Data 

Study Application Population 

Usage per Machine 

(cycles/day) 

Variation 

(cycles/day) 

Multi-Family Buildings 

City of Toronto 

(1999)7 

Multifamily coinoperated (6 buildings, 

945 apartments, 39 

machines) 

3 family; 

1 mixed; 

1 seniors & 

singles; and 1 

seniors 

4.3: metered 3.3 to 6.0 (variation 

based on average 

values from 6 

buildings) 

FEMP (2000)8 Military housing 

on-premise laundry (30 

machines; free use) 

Family 6.4: metered 3.2 to 10.9 

SCE/PNNL (2000)9

 Multifamily coinoperated (12 machines) Seniors 2.2 : metered 1 to 4 

MLA (2002)10 Multifamily coinoperated 

(4 buildings in 4 cities, 

50 common area 

machines) 

General 2.9: metered * 

2.7: coin * 

4.5: survey * 

2.6 to 3.1 (variation 

based on average 

values from 4 cities) 

Wisconsin/ 

PNNL (2004)11 

Multifamily coinoperated (9 machines) Apartments & 

Condos 

1.5: metered ** 1 to 3 

Lightwash/ 

Equipoise (2004)12 

Multifamily & 

Businesses 

Not specified. 3: businesses & multifamily 

<10 units, industry value 

*** 

4: multifamily ≥10 units, 

industry value *** 

Not available. 

Consortium for 

Energy Efficiency13 

Multifamily Not specified. 3: No source for estimate. Not available. 

Laundromats 

Lightwash/ 

Equipoise (2004)12 

Laundromat & 

Institutional 

Not specified. 6: industry value *** Not available. 

Consortium for 

Energy Efficiency13 

Laundromat Not specified. 6: No source for estimate. Not available. 

Coin Laundry 

Association14 

Laundromat Not specified. Not available. 3 to 8: No source for 

estimate. 

* Usage per machine values derived based on water usage of 32 gallons per cycle. 

** Report states that multifamily industry average is 2.5 cycles per day and attributes the lower reported usage per 

 machine value to a lower ratio of tenants to machines. 

*** Usage per machine values are “industry values.” Study says that survey data in report may be unreliable. 

DOE calculated commercial clothes washer annual energy consumption with the 

following equation: 

CWANNUAL = CWCYCLE × N

6-7 

EERE-2006-STD-0127 COMMENT 69.1
where: 

CWANNUAL = Total annual commercial clothes washer energy consumption, 

CWCYCLE = Total per-cycle commercial clothes washer energy consumption, and 

N = Representative average commercial clothes washer use. 

DOE calculated commercial clothes washer annual water consumption with the following 

equation: 

CWANNUAL WATER = CWCYCLE WATER × N

where: 

CWANNUAL WATER = Total annual commercial clothes washer water consumption, 

CWCYCLE WATER = Total per-cycle commercial clothes washer water consumption, and 

N = Representative average commercial clothes washer use. 

Tables 6.3.2 and 6.3.3 show the annual energy and water consumption for multi-family 

buildings and laundromats, respectively, for top-loading washers. Tables 6.3.4 and 6.3.5 show 

the annual energy and water consumption for multi-family buildings and laundromats, 

respectively, for front-loading washers. The energy and water consumption values provided 

below are based on average use cycles of 3.4 cycles per day for multi-family buildings and 6 

cycles per day for laundromats. The annual water-heating and clothes-drying energy 

consumption reflects the use of either an electric or a gas water heater. 

Table 6.3.2	 Top-Loading Commercial Clothes Washers, Multi-Family Application: 

Annual Energy and Water Use by Efficiency Level 

Level 

MEF WF 

Annual Energy Use* 

Annual 

Water Use 

Water Heating** Drying 

Electric Gas Electric Gas Machine

cu.ft./kWh/cyc gal/cu.ft. kWh/yr MMBtu/yr kWh/yr MMBtu/yr kWh/yr 1000 gal/year 

Baseline 1.26 9.50 1020 4.64 1583 6.05 166 33.1 

1 1.42 9.50 788 3.58 1503 5.74 166 33.1 

2 1.60 8.50 625 2.84 1414 5.40 142 29.7 

* Annual usage based on 3.4 cycles per day (1241 cycles per year).
 

** Electric and gas water heating based on water heater efficiencies of 100% for electric and 75% for gas.
 

6-8 

EERE-2006-STD-0127 COMMENT 69.1
Table 6.3.3 Top-Loading Commercial Clothes Washers, Laundromat Application: 

Annual Energy and Water Use by Efficiency Level 

Level 

MEF WF 

Annual Energy Use* 

Annual 

Water Use 

Water Heating** Drying 

Electric Gas Electric Gas Machine

cu.ft./kWh/cyc gal/cu.ft. kWh/yr MMBtu/yr kWh/yr MMBtu/yr kWh/yr 1000 gal/year 

Baseline 1.26 9.50 1793 8.16 2782 10.63 291 58.3 

1 1.42 9.50 1385 6.30 2642 10.10 291 58.3 

2 1.60 8.50 1098 4.99 2485 9.50 250 52.1 

* Annual usage based on 6 cycles per day (2190 cycles per year). 

** Electric and gas water heating based on water heater efficiencies of 100% for electric and 75% for gas.
 

Table 6.3.4	 Front-Loading Commercial Clothes Washers, Multi-Family Application: 

Annual Energy and Water Use by Efficiency Level 

Level 

MEF WF 

Annual Energy Use* 

Annual 

Water Use 

Water Heating** Drying 

Electric Gas Electric Gas Machine

cu.ft./kWh/cyc gal/cu.ft. kWh/yr MMBtu/yr kWh/yr MMBtu/yr kWh/yr 1000 gal/year 

Baseline 1.72 8.00 532 2.42 1354 5.18 142 27.9 

1 1.80 7.50 482 2.19 1315 5.02 142 26.2 

2 2.00 5.50 387 1.76 1215 4.64 142 19.2 

3 2.20 5.10 328 1.49 1116 4.26 142 17.8 

4 2.35 4.40 301 1.37 10.41 3.98 142 15.4 

* Annual usage based on 3.4 cycles per day (1241 cycles per year).
 

** Electric and gas water heating based on water heater efficiencies of 100% for electric and 75% for gas.
 

Table 6.3.5	 Front-Loading Commercial Clothes Washers, Laundromat Application: 

Annual Energy and Water Use by Efficiency Level 

Level 

MEF WF 

Annual Energy Use* 

Annual 

Water Use 

Water Heating** Drying 

Electric Gas Electric Gas Machine

cu.ft./kWh/cyc gal/cu.ft. kWh/yr MMBtu/yr kWh/yr MMBtu/yr kWh/yr 1000 gal/year 

Baseline 1.72 8.00 935 4.25 2380 9.10 250 49.1 

1 1.80 7.50 847 3.85 2310 8.83 250 46.0 

2 2.00 5.50 680 3.10 2136 8.16 250 33.7 

3 2.20 5.10 576 2.62 1961 7.49 250 31.3 

4 2.35 4.40 529 2.41 1830 6.99 250 27.0 

* Annual usage based on 6 cycles per day (2190 cycles per year). 

** Electric and gas water heating based on water heater efficiencies of 100% for electric and 75% for gas.
 

6-9 

EERE-2006-STD-0127 COMMENT 69.1
6.4 VARIABILITY OF ANNUAL ENERGY AND WATER CONSUMPTION 

DOE determined the variability in annual energy and water consumption using the 

average usage data above from Table 6.3.1. From the above table, there are eight average usage 

values for multi-family buildings ranging from a low of 1.5 cycles per day to a high of 6.4 cycles 

per day. For laundromats, the low and high values are 3 and 8 cycles per day, respectively. 

DOE weighted the usage from each study to vary the annual energy and water 

consumption of commercial clothes washers when it conducted the LCC and PBP analysis. As 

shown in Figure 6.4.1, DOE weighted the usage studies equally for multi-family applications. 

As shown in Figure 6.4.2, for laundromats, DOE used a triangular distribution that ranged from 3 

to 8 cycles per day and skewed it in order to yield a mean value of 6 cycles day. As will be 

described later in Chapter 8 on the LCC and PBP analysis, DOE used the usage variability to 

vary the annual energy and water consumption for multi-family and laundromat applications 

when it conducted the LCC and PBP analysis. 

7 

0.14 

0.12 

0.1 

0.08 

0.06 

0.04 

0.02 

0 

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 

Usage (cycles/day) 

Figure 6.4.1	 Probability Distribution for Commercial Clothes Washer 

Usage in Multi-Family Applications 

Probability

Wisc/PNNL

CEE 

SCE/PNNL

MLA

Equip <10

Equip >10

Toronto

FEMP 

6-10 

EERE-2006-STD-0127 COMMENT 69.1
 

0.00 

0.05 

0.10 

0.15 

0.20 

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 

Usage (cycles/day) 

Probability 

Figure 6.4.2 Probability Distribution for Commercial Clothes Washer 

Usage in Laundromat Applications 

6-11 

EERE-2006-STD-0127 COMMENT 69.1
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

REFERENCES 

1	 U.S. Department of Energy-Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Energy 

Conservation Standards for Certain Consumer Products (Dishwashers, Dehumidifiers, 

Microwave Ovens, and Electric and Gas Kitchen Ranges and Ovens) and for Certain 

Commercial and Industrial Equipment (Commercial Clothes Washers); Final Rule. Federal 

Register, 2009. 74(66): pp. 16040-16096. 

2	 U.S. Department of Energy-Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. Technical 

Support Document: Energy Efficiency Program for Consumer Products and Commercial and 

Industrial Equipment: Residential Dishwashers, Dehumidifiers, Cooking Products, and 

Commercial Clothes Washers, March, 2009. Washington, DC. 

<http://www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/appliance_standards/residential/cooking_products_final_rul 

e_tsd.html> 

3	 Energy Policy Act of 2005, Title 1—Energy Efficiency, Subtitle C—Energy Efficient 

Products, Sec. 136., Energy conservation standards for commercial equipment. 

4	 U.S. Federal Register. Energy Conservation Standards for Certain Consumer Products and 

Commercial and Industrial Equipment, Final Rule; technical amendment, October 18, 2005. 

70 FR 60407. 

5	 Biermayer, P.J. Preliminary Engineering Analysis for Clothes Washers, October 1996. 

Berkeley, CA. LBNL-47889: Appendix D. 

6	 U.S. Department of Energy-Office of Building Research and Standards. Final Rule Technical 

Support Document (TSD): Energy Efficiency Standards for Consumer Products: Clothes 

Washers, December, 2000. Washington, DC. Chapter 4, Table 4.1. 

<http://www.eere.energy.gov/buildings/appliance_standards/residential/clothes_washers.html> 

7	 City of Toronto Works and Emergency Services and Toronto Community Housing 

Corporation. Multi-Unit Residential Clothes Washer Replacement Pilot Project 1999, May, 

2003. Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 

8	 U.S. Department of Energy-Federal Energy Management Program. Assessment of HighPerformance, Family-Sized Commercial Clothes Washers, May, 2000. Prepared for the U.S. 

DOE by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland WA. Report No. DOE/EE-0218. 

9	 G. P. Sullivan, J. W. Currie, T.C. Hillman, and G.B. Parker, Southern California Edison 

High-Performance Clothes Washer Demonstration at Leisure World Laguna Woods, Final 

Report, December 2000. Prepared for Southern California Edison Company by Battelle 

Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA. 

6-12 

EERE-2006-STD-0127 COMMENT 69.1
 

 

 

 

 

 

10	 National Research Center, Inc., A National Study of Water & Energy Consumption in 

Multifamily Housing, November 2002. Prepared for the Multi-Housing Laundry Association 

by National Research Center, Inc, Boulder, CO. 

11	 Sullivan, G.P., G. B. Parker, and J. W. Currie. Wisconsin Focus on Energy Resource Efficient 

Laundry (REL) Room Demonstration, Final Report, June 2004. Prepared for Wisconsin 

Focus on Energy by Battelle Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA. Report 

No. PNWD-3445. 

12	 Equipoise Consulting, Inc. Final Report for Local Energy Efficiency Program No. 148-02 

Energy Solutions’ 2002/03 LightWash Program, June 30, 2004. Prepared by Equipoise 

Consulting Incorporated. 

13	 Consortium for Energy Efficiency. Commercial Programs, Commercial, Family-Sized 

Clothes Washer Initiative, Fact Sheet. <http://www.cee1.org/com/cwsh/cwsh-main.php3> 

14	 Coin Laundry Association. Industry Overview. Downers Grove, IL. 

<http://www.coinlaundry.org/resources/industryoverview.cfm> 

6-13 

EERE-2006-STD-0127 COMMENT 69.1