# Patent

## Title
Outboard motor

## Abstract

An outboard motor includes: an engine cover having an upper cover and a lower cover which form an engine room and which can be separated from each other vertically; a ventilation fan for ventilating the engine room; and a fan cover which covers the ventilation fan, the engine cover is configured so that the upper cover is able to be attached to and detached from the lower cover and the lower cover is fixed to an outboard motor main body including an engine, the lower cover has an external air inlet through which to take air into the engine room and a discharge outlet through which to discharge air from the engine room, the fan cover has an air outlet through which to cause air that is sent from the ventilation fan to flow out, and the discharge outlet is connected to the air outlet.

## Background
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application claims the benefit of Japanese Patent Application JP 2015-077323, filed Apr. 6, 2015, the entire content of which is hereby incorporated by reference, the same as if set forth at length.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an outboard motor and, more particularly, to an outboard motor that is equipped with a ventilation device for ventilating an engine room.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
In outboard motors, the engine is covered with an engine cover that is composed of an upper cover and a lower cover. An external air inlet and a discharge outlet are formed in the engine cover, and the inside of the engine cover (e.g., engine room) is ventilated by driving a ventilation fan that is attached to the end of a crank shaft (refer to JP-A-1-271610 and JP-A-4-166496, for example).
JP-A-1-271610 and JP-A-4-166496 disclose outboard motors in which an external air inlet and a discharge outlet are formed in an upper cover and a ventilation fan is disposed at a top end of the engine. While the ventilation fan is driven, air that is introduced through the external air inlet moves inside an engine room and is discharged through the discharge outlet.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Incidentally, since the engine cover (upper cover and lower cover) is formed by injection-molding synthetic resin, in the case where the external air inlet, the discharge outlet, a duct for ventilation, etc. are formed in the upper cover, bosses and ribs need to be formed in the upper cover. In this case, a molded upper cover is complex in shape, as a result of which shrinkage cavities are prone to occur due to thermal contraction during molding. This is particularly problematic in the case of the upper cover because it is a component that influences the appearance of the outboard motor.
The outboard motor disclosed in JP-A-4-166496 is configured in such a manner that an outlet of a fan cover that covers the ventilation fan and the discharge outlet that is formed in the upper cover are connected to each other inside the engine room. As a result, in attaching the upper cover to the lower cover, the worker cannot see the connection portion of the outlet of the fan cover and the discharge outlet of the upper cover. This means a problem that skill is needed to position the discharge outlet with respect to the outlet of the fan cover and the efficiency of work of attaching the upper cover is low.
The present invention has been made in the above circumstances, and an object of the invention is therefore to provide an outboard motor in which the efficiency of work of attaching the upper cover can be prevented from lowering without affecting its appearance.
An outboard motor of the present invention has an engine cover which forms an engine room by an upper cover and a lower cover which can be separated from each other vertically, a ventilation fan for ventilating the engine room, and a fan cover which covers the ventilation fan, and is characterized in: that the engine cover is configured so that the upper cover is able to be attached to and detached from the lower cover and the lower cover is fixed to an outboard motor main body including an engine; that the lower cover has an external air inlet through which to take air into the engine room and a discharge outlet through which to discharge air from the engine room; that the fan cover has an air outlet through which to cause air that is sent from the ventilation fan to flow out; and that the discharge outlet is connected to the air outlet.
With this configuration, since the external air inlet and the discharge outlet are provided in the lower cover, no members for ventilating the engine room need to be provided in the upper cover. Therefore, the configuration of the upper cover is simplified to prevent deterioration of its appearance. Furthermore, since the discharge outlet of the lower cover which is fixed to the engine in advance is connected to the air outlet of the fan cover, it is not necessary to visually recognize a positional relationship between the upper cover and the fan cover in attaching the upper cover to the lower cover. Thus, the efficiency of work of attaching the upper cover to the lower cover is not lowered.
In the outboard motor of the present invention, it is preferable: that the engine is provided in such a manner that a crank room occupies a front space of the engine room with the axis of a cylinder extending horizontally; that the fan cover further has an air inlet through which to cause air to flow out of the engine room and reach the ventilation fan; that the external air inlet is disposed in the rear of the air inlet in the engine room; and that the air outlet and the discharge outlet are disposed at front positions in the engine room. With these features, since the air outlet and the discharge outlet are disposed at front positions in the engine room and the external air inlet is disposed in the rear of the air inlet in the engine room, an air flow path from the external air inlet to the discharge outlet is formed so as to guide air from the rear side to the front side in the engine room. This allows air to reach a wide part of the engine room and flow without stagnating.
In the outboard motor of the present invention, it is preferable: that the outboard motor further has a fuel tank; and that the fuel tank is disposed in the rear of the air inlet in the engine room above the engine. With these features, since the fuel tank is disposed in the rear of the air inlet, the fuel tank can be disposed close to the external air inlet and air that is introduced through the external air inlet can be caused to flow near the fuel tank. Therefore, temperature increase of the fuel tank can be reduced to suppress evaporation of the fuel contained therein.
In the outboard motor of the present invention, it is preferable that a gap is formed between the fuel tank and an outer surface of the cylinder. With this feature, since the gap is formed between the outer surface of the cylinder and the fuel tank, the fuel tank can be spaced from the cylinder which is a heat source. Therefore, no heat is transmitted directly from the engine to the fuel tank. Since the gap between the outer surface of the cylinder and the fuel tank can be used as part of the air flow path in the engine room, air directly hits the fuel tank to enhance the effect of cooling it.
In the outboard motor of the present invention, it is preferable that the discharge outlet has a bottom opening at a position that is on the front side in the engine room and is opposed to an attachment member for fixing of the outboard motor to a ship body. With this feature, since the discharge outlet has the bottom opening that is opposed to the attachment member, when waves surge in to the outboard motor main body, the attachment member stops sea water to prevent it from entering the engine room directly through the discharge outlet.
The outboard motor according to the invention makes it possible to prevent lowering of the efficiency of work of attaching the upper cover without affecting its appearance.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a side view of an outboard motor according to the embodiment.
FIG. 2 is a side view of the outboard motor according to the embodiment without an upper cover.
FIG. 3 is a vertical sectional view of an engine room and its neighborhood of the outboard motor according to the embodiment.
FIG. 4 is a sectional view, taken along line A-A in FIG. 1, of only the engine cover.
FIGS. 5A and 5B are a top view and a bottom view, respectively, of a lower cover used in the embodiment.
FIG. 6 is a schematic sectional view taken along line B-B in FIG. 5A.
FIG. 7 is a sectional view taken along line A-A in FIG. 1 and shows air flow paths in the engine room of the outboard motor according to the embodiment.
FIG. 8 is a vertical sectional view of an engine room and its neighborhood of the outboard motor according to the embodiment and shows air flow paths in its engine room.



DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS


    1: Outboard motor
    20: Fuel tank
    21: Ventilation fan
    22: Fan cover
    22c: Air inlets
    22d: Air outlet
    3: Bracket device (attachment member)
    30b: Horizontal portion (attachment member)
    4: Engine cover
    40: Engine room
    46: Cylinder
    47: Crank room
    7: Upper cover
    8: Lower cover
    80: Bottom wall
    80a: External air inlets
    81: Circumferential wall
    82: Discharge outlet
    86: Inside wall
    88: Slant wall
    89: Projection wall


DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
A general configuration of an outboard motor 1 according to an embodiment will be described below with reference to FIGS. 1-6. FIG. 1 is a side view of the outboard motor 1 according to the embodiment. FIG. 2 is a side view of the outboard motor 1 without an upper cover 7. FIG. 3 is a vertical sectional view of an engine room 40 and its neighborhood of the outboard motor 1. In the drawings, for convenience of description, the front side, the rear side, the left side, and the right side of the outboard motor 1 are indicated by arrows FR, RE, L, and R, respectively.
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the outboard motor 1 according to the embodiment is of a medium or small size and includes an outboard motor main body 2 and a bracket device 3 for attachment of the outboard motor main body 2 to the stern (not shown) of a ship body. The outboard motor main body 2 has an engine cover 4 which is disposed at the top of the outboard motor main body 2, a drive shaft housing 5 which extends downward from the engine cover 4, and a gear case 6 which is attached to the bottom end of the drive shaft housing 5.
The engine cover 4 is composed of an upper cover 7 and a lower cover 8 which can be separated from each other in the vertical direction. The upper cover 7 is roughly shaped like a box that is open at the bottom. On the other hand, the lower cover 8 is roughly shaped like a box that is open at the top. As shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B, as described later in detail, the lower cover 8 is formed with external air inlets 80a for taking in external air and a discharge outlet 82 for discharging air that has circulated inside the engine cover 4. The detailed configurations of the upper cover 7 and the lower cover 8 will be described later in detail. By combining the upper cover 7 and the lower cover 8 together, an engine room 40 (see FIG. 3) is formed as an inside space of the engine cover 4. The engine room 40 houses various components such as an engine 41 and a fuel tank 20.
As shown in FIG. 2, approximately a bottom half of the engine 41 is housed in the lower cover 8 and a fan cover 22 which covers a ventilation fan 21 (see FIG. 3) and other components is disposed above the engine 41. The fuel tank 20 is disposed in the rear of the fan cover 22. As shown in FIG. 3, a ring-shaped sealing member 23 is disposed between the mating surfaces of the upper cover 7 and the lower cover 8. Made of an elastic material such as rubber, the sealing member 23 prevents entrance of water such as sea water through between their mating surfaces.
A recoil starter lever 24 for starting the engine 41 projects forward from the outboard motor 1 through the upper cover 7. A starter rope (not shown) is connected to the lever 24 and wound around a recoil starter pulley 25 (see FIG. 3), which is linked to a crank shaft 42 (see FIG. 3) of the engine 41 coaxially with it. When the lever 24 is pulled, the crank shaft 42 is rotated forcibly and the engine 41 is started.
A tiller handle 26 extends forward from the outboard motor 1, more specifically, from the lower cover 8. The tiller handle 26 is configured so as to be swingable vertically with a front-left portion of the lower cover 8 as a support point. A throttle grip 26a is attached to a tip portion of the tiller handle 26. The throttle grip 26a is configured so as to be rotatable about the axis of the tiller handle 26. The suction rate of an air-fuel mixture that is sucked into the combustion room from a carburetor 27 (see FIG. 7) according to a rotation angle of the throttle grip 26a, whereby the speed and the acceleration of the ship can be controlled.
The drive shaft housing 5 is formed so as to extend downward (vertically) from a portion, a little in front of the center, of the lower cover 8. The drive shaft housing 5 houses a drive shaft 50 (see FIG. 3) which extends vertically. The drive shaft 50 has a role of transmitting rotational power of the crank shaft 42 (see FIG. 3) of the engine 41 to a propeller 60.
The gear case 6 houses gears (not shown) for converting rotational power of the drive shaft 50 into rotational power of the propeller 60 and a propeller shaft (not shown). The propeller shaft extends rearward (horizontally) from a bottom end portion of the drive shaft 50, and the propeller 60 is attached to a rear end portion of the propeller shaft. Drive power of the engine 41 is converted into rotational power of the propeller 60 by the drive shaft 50, the propeller shaft, etc., whereby the outboard motor 1 acquires propulsion.
The bracket device 3 is composed of a swivel bracket 30 which supports the outboard motor main body 2 and a clamp bracket 31 to be fixed to the stern of a ship body. The swivel bracket 30 is attached to the clamp bracket 31 so as to be swingable vertically. The swivel bracket 30 has a cylindrical portion 30a which extends vertically and a horizontal portion 30b which extends forward (horizontally) from a top end portion of the cylindrical portion 30a (see FIGS. 2 and 3). The cylindrical portion 30a of the swivel bracket 30 is attached to the outboard motor main body 2 so as to cover approximately a top half of the drive shaft housing 5, whereby the swivel bracket 30 supports the outboard motor main body 2. A tip portion of the horizontal portion 30b serves as a swing support point of the outboard motor main body 2.
The clamp bracket 31 is composed of a bracket portion 32 having an inverted-U shape in a side view and a clamp portion 33 for clamping a ship body. The bracket portion 32 has a vertical portion 32a which extends vertically, a horizontal portion 32b which extends forward (horizontally) from a top portion of the vertical portion 32a, and a projection portion 32c which projects downward (vertically) from a tip portion of the horizontal portion 32b. The vertical portion 32a and the projection portion 32c are opposed to each other with a prescribed gap.
The clamp portion 33 is configured in such a manner that a circular plate 33b is attached to a tip portion of a bolt 33a and a lever 33c is attached to a base portion of the bolt 33a. The bolt 33a is threadedly engaged with the projection portion 32c horizontally so that the plate 33b is located between the projection portion 32c and the vertical portion 32a of the bracket portion 32. A portion of the stern of a ship body is held between the plate 33b and the vertical portion 32a by inserting the portion of the stern between them and rotating the bolt 33a. In this manner, the outboard motor main body 2 can be attached to the ship body.
In the state of FIG. 1, the vertical portion 32a and the horizontal portion 32b of the bracket portion 32 extend along the cylindrical portion 30a and the horizontal portion 30b of the swivel bracket 30, respectively, and a tip portion of the horizontal portion 32b is connected swingably to a tip portion of the horizontal portion 30b by a pin 34. As a result, the angle of the outboard motor main body 2 with respect to the ship body can be adjusted.
Next, a detailed configuration inside the engine room 40 will be described with reference to FIG. 3. As shown in FIG. 3, the engine 41 includes a cylinder block 43, a cylinder head 44, and a crank case 45 and is disposed in such a manner that the axial direction of a cylinder 46 of the cylinder block 43 extends horizontally. The cylinder head 44 is attached to a rear portion of the cylinder block 43 and the crank case 45 is attached to a bottom portion of the cylinder block 43. The cylinder block 43 and the crank case 45 form a crank room 47, which occupies a front space of the engine room 40. As shown in FIG. 7, the carburetor 27 is connected to the cylinder head 44 via an intake manifold 28.
The crank shaft 42, whose axial direction is in the vertical direction, is disposed in the crank room 47, and the cylinder 46 houses a piston 48 so that it can reciprocate in the front-rear direction. A connecting rod 49 connects the crank shaft 42 and the piston 49. In the engine 41, the piston 48 reciprocates in the front-rear direction and the crank shaft 42 is thereby rotated via the connecting rod 49.
The above-mentioned drive shaft 50 is connected to a bottom end portion of the crankshaft 42 so as to be able to rotate together with it. A top end portion (not shown in FIG. 3) of the crank shaft 42 projects toward the top wall of the cylinder block 43. A flywheel magnet 29 is disposed over the cylinder block 43 and connected to the top end portion of the crank shaft 42 so as to be able to rotate together with it.
The ventilation fan 21 (ventilation device) is disposed on the top surface of the flywheel magnet 29. The ventilation fan 21 is composed of plural blades 21a which are erected from top surface of the flywheel magnet 29. The flywheel magnet 29 and the ventilation fan 21 are configured so as to be able to rotate together. The above-mentioned recoil starter pulley 25 is disposed above the ventilation fan 21. The fan cover 22 is disposed above the recoil starter pulley 25 so as to cover the flywheel magnet 29, the ventilation fan 21, and the recoil starter pulley 25.
The fan cover 22 is formed by injection molding, for example. The fan cover 22 is formed by connecting a fan housing portion 22a which houses the ventilation fan 21 and the recoil starter pulley 25 and a lever housing portion 22b which houses the lever 22b. The fan housing portion 22a is shaped like a box that is circular in a top view and is open at the bottom. The lever housing portion 22b is approximately shaped like a rectangular parallelepiped and projects forward from a portion of one side of the fan housing portion 22a. 
Air inlet 22c through which air flows into the fan cover 22 from the engine room 40 are formed in the top wall of the fan housing portion 22a. The air inlets 22c are plural slits that extend radially from the center of the fan housing portion 22a in a top view. An air outlet 22d for discharging air out of the fan cover 22 is formed in the lever housing portion 22b. The air outlet 22d has a bottom opening at a position that is on the tip side in the lever housing portion 22b (i.e., on the front side in the engine room 40) and is opposed to the horizontal portion 30b of the swivel bracket 30.
A ventilation duct 9, which is part of a discharge path of the ventilation device, is disposed in the bottom-front of the fan cover 22. The ventilation duct 9 has a cylindrical shape that extends vertically. The top end of the ventilation duct 9 is connected to the air outlet 22d, and the bottom end of the ventilation duct 9 is connected to a discharge outlet 82 (cylindrical portion 82b) of the lower cover 8 (described later).
In the embodiment, the discharge outlet 82 of the lower cover 8 which is a fixed component of the outboard motor main body 2 including the engine 41 is connected to the air outlet 22d of the fan cover 22 by the ventilation duct 9. Therefore, in attaching the upper cover 7 to the lower cover 8, it is not necessary to visually recognize a positional relationship between the upper cover 7 and the fan cover 22. This prevents lowering of the efficiency of work of attaching the upper cover 7 to the lower cover 8.
The fuel tank 20 is disposed over the cylinder head 44 in the rear of the fan cover 22 so as to form a gap with each of the top surface of the cylinder head 44 (cylinder 46) and the fan cover 22. As shown in FIG. 7, the top wall of the fuel tank 20 is formed with a fuel filler opening 20a is formed and the fuel filler opening 20a projects upward past an opening 73 which is formed in the top wall of the upper cover 7. The fuel filler opening 20a is provided with a tank cap 20b. 
A ring-shaped sealing member 20c is disposed on the top surface of the fuel tank 20 around the fuel filler opening 20a. The sealing member 20c is made of an elastic material such as rubber, and the top surface of the sealing member 20c is in contact with the bottom surface of a top wall 71 of the upper cover 7. This prevents water such as seawater from entering the engine room 40 through the opening 73 of the upper cover 7.
In the outboard motor 1 having the above configuration, when the engine 41 is driven, rotational power of the crank shaft 42 is converted into rotational power of the propeller 60 via the drive shaft 50 etc., whereby propulsion for the ship is obtained.
The rotation of the crank shaft 42 causes rotation of the flywheel magnet 29 and the ventilation fan 21. And the rotation of the ventilation fan 21 produces an air flow in the engine room 40. Air that has circulated through the engine room 40 is discharged through the discharge outlet 82 of the lower cover 8 via the fan cover 22 and the ventilation duct 9. The engine room 40 is ventilated in this manner.
Incidentally, in conventional outboard motors, fuel temperature increase etc. due to temperature increase in the engine room is a factor in obstructing increase of the output power of the outboard motor. In view of this, large-size outboard motors employ a structure for suppressing temperature increase in the engine room by ventilating it. With this measure, the engine room temperature is reduced and the output power of outboard motors is increased. On the other hand, in medium-size and small-size outboard motors, a structure for ventilation of the engine room has not been employed because of weight reduction, simplification of the configuration, cost reduction, and other factors.
However, in recent years, even in medium-size and small-size outboard motors, it has come to be desired to ventilate the engine room from the viewpoints of fuel efficiency etc. One method would be to form an external air inlet in the upper cover, as in large-size outboard motors. However, since the upper cover is formed by injection-molding synthetic resin, complicating the shape of the upper cover increases the probability of occurrence of molding failures. Furthermore, it is not very preferable in terms of appearance.
In view of the above, in the outboard motor 1 according to the embodiment, members for ventilating the engine room 40, such as the external air inlets 80a and the discharge outlet 82 (see FIGS. 5A and 5B), are concentrated in the lower cover 8 rather than the upper cover 7. This makes it possible to ventilate the engine room 40 without affecting the appearance.
Next, a detailed configuration of the engine cover 4 (upper cover 7 and lower cover 8) used in the embodiment will be described. FIG. 4 is a sectional view, taken along line A-A in FIG. 1, of only the engine cover 4. FIGS. 5A and 5B are a top view and a bottom view of the lower cover 8 used in the embodiment, respectively.
As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the engine cover 4 is configured in such a manner that the engine room 40 is formed by the upper cover 7 and the lower cover 8. The upper cover 7 is shaped like a box that is open at the bottom and is formed so as to be able to be attached to and detached from the lower cover 8. The upper cover 7 has a top wall 71 and a cylindrical circumferential wall 72 which extends downward from the outer circumference of the top wall 71. As described above, the opening 73 for access to the fuel tank 20 is formed in the top wall 71 a little in the rear of its center. An opening 74 in which the lever 24 is to be inserted is formed in a top-front portion of the circumferential wall 72.
As shown in FIG. 3 to FIGS. 5A and 5B, the lower cover 8 is shaped like a box that is open at the top and the upper cover 7 is attached to the upper cover 7 via the ring-shaped sealing member 23 so as to close the opening of the upper cover 7. The lower cover 7 has a bottom wall 80 and a cylindrical circumferential wall 81 which extends downward from the outer circumference of the bottom wall 80. The circumferential wall 81 is formed by a front wall 81a which is rectangular in a front view, a pair of side walls 81b which extends rearward from the two respective ends of the front wall 81a, and a rear wall 81c which connects the rear ends of the pair of side walls 81b and is opposed to the front wall 81a. 
The discharge outlet 82 for discharging air out of the engine room 40 is formed immediately inside the front wall 81a of the circumferential wall 81 of the lower cover 8 so as to be open at the bottom. The discharge outlet 82 is formed in such a manner that a box-shaped portion 82a which is erected upward from the opening formed in the bottom wall 80 and a cylindrical (rectangular cylinder) portion 82b which is erected upward from the top surface of the box-shaped portion 82a communicate with each other. In a top view, the box-shaped portion 82a assumes a rectangle that is long in the left-right direction. The cylindrical portion 82b is deviated from the box-shaped portion 82a, that is, formed on the top surface of approximately a right half of the box-shaped portion 82a. That is, the cylindrical portion 82b is disposed on the top surface of the box-shaped portion 82a on the side that is opposite to the left side in which the tiller handle 26 (see FIG. 1) is provided. As a result, a front-right space of the lower cover 8 can be utilized effectively.
The bottom end of the above-described ventilation duct 9 is connected to the cylindrical portion 82b. An opening 83 which is long in the front-rear direction is formed in the bottom wall 80 approximately at its center. Plural attachment holes 84 for attachment of the upper cover 7 to the above-described drive shaft housing 5 are formed around the opening 83.
A carrying handle 85 which allows a user to carry the outboard motor 1 (see FIG. 1) is disposed in the rear of the circumferential wall 81. The carrying handle 85 is configured in such a manner that two respective end portions of a grip 85a which is C-shaped in a top view are connected to the side walls 81b and the rear wall 81c. In a sectional view, the grip 85a has an inverted-U shape that is open at the bottom (see FIG. 3). And the pair of legs of the inverted-U shape project from the bottom surface of the bottom wall 80 (see FIG. 6). As is understood from a bottom view, to increase the rigidity of the carrying handle 85, each opening of the grip 85a is provided with plural ribs 85b. 
The external air inlets 80a for introducing air into the lower cover 8 (i.e., engine room 40) are formed on the rear side in the lower cover 8 adjacent to the outer circumference of the bottom wall 80. The two external air inlets 80a extend alongside parts of the side walls 81b, respectively. Each external air inlet 80a has a long bottom opening that extends approximately in the front-rear direction.
The bottom wall 86 is formed with a pair of inside walls 86 which extend upward so as to be opposed to and extend alongside the respective side walls 81b with the respective external air inlets 80a interposed in between. Thus, the inside walls 86 are erected from the bottom wall 80 so as to be spaced from the respective side walls 81b by the width of the external air inlets 80a. 
The spaces between side walls 81b and the inside walls 86 serve as respective external air introduction passages 87 that extend vertically. Since in this manner the external air inlets 80a are formed on the rear side in the lower cover 8 so as to extend alongside the circumferential wall 81 (i.e., side walls 81b and rear wall 81c), rear dead spaces of the lower cover 8 can be utilized as the external air introduction passages 87. In the embodiment, air that is introduced through the external air inlets 80a flows into the engine room 40 via the external air introduction passages 87.
A slant wall 88 projects from the top end of each inside wall 86 up outward, that is, so as to come closer to the associated side wall 81b as the position goes up. The slant wall 88 functions as a guide wall for causing air that is introduced through the external air inlet 80a to flow parallel with the associated side wall 81b. 
Now, referring to FIG. 6, members located in the neighborhood of each external air inlet 80a of the lower cover 8 will be described in detail. FIG. 6 is a sectional view taken along line B-B in FIG. 5A.
As shown in FIG. 6, each inside wall 86 is erected from the bottom wall 80 at the position close to the connection portion of the bottom wall 80 and the associated side wall 81b of the circumferential wall 81 so as to extend alongside the side wall 81b. As described above, the external air inlet 80a that is open at the bottom is in the portion, located between the side wall 81b and the inside wall 86, of the bottom wall 80. And the space between the side wall 81b and the inside wall 86 serves as the external air introduction passage 87. As shown in FIG. 6, the portions of the inverted-U-shaped cross section of the grip 85a of the carrying handle 85 project downward from the bottom wall 80.
A projection wall 89 projects downward from the bottom wall 80 around the associated external air inlet 80a. The projection wall 89 is formed by part of the ribs 85b of the carrying handle 85 so as to go alongside the associated side wall 81b and inside wall 86.
In the lower cover 8 having the above configuration, air for ventilation is introduced into the engine room 40 through the external air inlets 80a which are formed in the bottom wall 80. Since as described above the projection walls 89 (robs 85b) project downward from the bottom wall 80, a certain distance can be secured between the bottom ends of the projection walls 89 and the external air inlets 80a and the external air introduction passages 87 (i.e., the distance between bottom ends of the projection walls 89 and the top ends of the inside walls 86) can be elongated accordingly. Therefore, even if air containing water that is splashed to reach the external air inlets 80a and their neighborhoods comes into the external air introduction passages 87, the water is separated from the air as the air flows through the external air introduction passages 87. As a result, the water is prevented from entering the engine room 40 through the external air inlets 80a. 
As described above, air containing water does not enter the engine room 40 directly through the external air inlets 80a and, instead, only water-separated air is taken into the engine room 40, whereby entrance of water into the engine room 40 can be prevented. Furthermore, since the projection walls 89 are part of the ribs 85b of the carrying handle 85, the ribs 85b provide the function of increasing the strength of the grip 85 (the original function of the carrying handle 85) as well as the function of preventing entrance of water through the external air inlets 80a. Therefore, it is not necessary to provide a separate component for preventing entrance of water through the external air inlets 80a. 
Air that is taken in through the external air inlets 80a go up along the external air introduction passages 87. Since the external air introduction passages 87 extend vertically, a long distance can be secured between the bottom wall 80 (external air inlets 80a) and the engine room 40. Therefore, even if air containing water enters the external air introduction passages 87, the water that is heavier than the air is separated from the air halfway because of its own weight and then moves toward the bottom wall 80 (external air inlets 80a). The water is thus hard to enter the engine room 40.
At the top ends of the external air introduction passages 87 and their neighborhoods, air flows into the engine room 40 while colliding with the slant walls 88 and flowing alongside the side walls 81b. Thus, since the exits of the external air introduction passages 87 are narrowed by the slant walls 88, water contained in air can be separated from the air and captured, which is also effective at preventing entrance of water into the engine room 40.
As described above, in the embodiment, the members for ventilating the engine 41, such as the external air inlets 80a and the external air introduction passages 87, are concentrated in the lower cover 8 which is not very influential to the appearance. This makes it possible to ventilate the engine room 40 without affecting the appearance. As a result, the configuration of the upper cover 7 which is influential to the appearance can be simplified. In turn, the engine room 40 can be ventilated without the need for caring about occurrence of molding failures such as shrinkage cavities in the upper cover 7.
Next, the ventilation paths in the engine room 40 will be described with reference to FIGS. 7 and 8. FIGS. 7 and 8 show air flow paths in the engine room 40 of the outboard motor 1 according to the embodiment. FIG. 7 is a sectional view taken along line A-A in FIG. 1. The following description assumes that the engine 41 is being driven and the ventilation fan 21 is being rotated, whereby air is flowing in the engine room 40.
As shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, air that is introduced through the external air inlets 80a of the lower cover 8 flows into the engine room 40 via the external air introduction passages 87. Inside the engine room 40, the air passes through the gaps between individual components and moves toward the ventilation fan 21. That is, as shown in FIG. 8, the air passes through the gap between the cylinder head 44 and the fuel tank 20 and the gap between the fuel tank 20 and the fan cover 22 and moves toward the top space of the engine room 40.
In the embodiment, since the fuel tank 20 is disposed in the rear of the air inlets 22c of the ventilation fan 21, the fuel tank 20 can be disposed close to the external air inlets 80a and air that is introduced through the external air inlets 80a can be caused to flow near the fuel tank 20. Therefore, temperature increase of the fuel tank 20 can be reduced to suppress evaporation of the fuel contained therein.
Furthermore, since the gap is formed between the cylinder head 44 (the outer surface of the cylinder 46) and the fuel tank 20, the fuel tank 20 can be spaced from the engine 41 which is a heat source. Therefore, no heat is transmitted directly from the engine 41 to the fuel tank 20. Since the gap between the cylinder head 44 (the outer surface of the cylinder 46) and the fuel tank 20 can be used as part of the air flow paths in the engine room 40, air directly hits the fuel tank 20 to enhance the effect of cooling it.
Since as mentioned above the ventilation fan 21 is rotating, air flows from above the fan cover 22 into the fan cover 22 (fan housing portion 22a) through the air inlets 22c. Inside the fan cover 22, a whirlwind is produced by the plural rotating blades 21a. Thus, air flows from the fan housing portion 22a into the outer circumferential space of the ventilation fan 21 and moves to the air outlet 22d via the lever housing portion 22b. Then the air passes through the air outlet 22d of the fan cover 22, flows down along the ventilation duct 9, and is discharged from the engine room 40 through the discharge outlet 82 of the lower cover 8.
Since the discharge outlet 82 has the bottom opening that is opposed to the horizontal portion 30b of the swivel bracket 30, when waves surge in to the outboard motor main body 2, the horizontal portion 30b stops sea water to prevent it from entering the engine room 40 directly through the discharge outlet 82. Furthermore, since the air discharge path from the air outlet 22d of the fan cover 22 to the discharge outlet 82 is elongated by the ventilation duct 9 in the vertical direction, a long distance can be secured between the discharge outlet 82 and the components of the engine 41. This is also effective at preventing entrance of sea water into the engine room 40.
Since the air outlet 22d and the discharge outlet 82 are disposed at front positions in the engine room 40 and the external air inlets 80a are disposed in the rear of the air inlets 22c in the engine room 40, the air flow paths from the external air inlets 80a to the discharge outlet 82 are formed so as to guide air from the rear side to the front side in the engine room 40. This allows air to reach a wide part of the engine room 40 and flow without stagnating.
As described above, in the outboard motor 1 according to the embodiment, since the external air inlets 80a and the discharge outlet 82 are provided in the lower cover 8, no members for ventilating the engine room 40 need to be provided in the upper cover 7. Therefore, the configuration of the upper cover 7 is simplified to prevent deterioration of its appearance.
Furthermore, since the discharge outlet 82 of the lower cover 8 which is fixed to the engine 41 in advance is connected to the air outlet 22d of the fan cover 22, it is not necessary to visually recognize a positional relationship between the upper cover 7 and the fan cover 22 in attaching the upper cover 7 to the lower cover 8. Thus, the efficiency of work of attaching the upper cover 7 to the lower cover 8 is not lowered.
The invention is not limited to the above embodiment and can be practiced by modifying it in various manners. The invention is not limited to the sizes, shapes, etc. shown in the accompanying drawings and they can be modified as appropriate within the confines that the advantages of the invention can be obtained. Other modifications can also be made as appropriate as long as the object of the invention is attained.
For example, although in the embodiment the air outlet 22d of the fan cover 22 is connected to the discharge outlet 82 of the lower cover 8 by the ventilation duct 9, the invention is not limited to this case; the air outlet 22d of the fan cover 22 maybe connected to the discharge outlet 82 of the lower cover 8 directly, that is, without intervention of the ventilation duct 9.
Although in the embodiment the external air inlets 80a are provided in a rear part of the lower cover 8, the invention is not limited to this case; the external air inlets 80a may be provided at any positions in the lower cover 8.
Providing the above-described advantage that the efficiency of work of attaching the upper cover can be prevented from lowering without affecting its appearance, the invention is particularly useful when applied to ventilation devices for ventilating an engine room.
Although the invention has been described above in relation to preferred embodiments and modifications thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that other variations and modifications can be effected in these preferred embodiments without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention.

## Claims

1. An outboard motor comprising: an engine cover comprising an upper cover and a lower cover which form an engine room and which can be separated from each other vertically; a ventilation fan for ventilating the engine room; and a fan cover which covers the ventilation fan, wherein:
the engine cover is configured so that the upper cover is able to be attached to and detached from the lower cover and the lower cover is fixed to an outboard motor main body comprising an engine;
the lower cover has an external air inlet through which to take air into the engine room and a discharge outlet through which to discharge air from the engine room;
the fan cover has an air outlet through which to cause air that is sent from the ventilation fan to flow out; and
the discharge outlet is connected to the air outlet.

2. The outboard motor according to claim 1, wherein:
the engine is provided in such a manner that a crank room occupies a front space of the engine room with an axis of a cylinder of the engine extending horizontally;
the fan cover further has an air inlet through which to cause air to flow out of the engine room and reach the ventilation fan;
the external air inlet is disposed in the rear of the air inlet in the engine room; and
the air outlet and the discharge outlet are disposed at front positions in the engine room.

3. The outboard motor according to claim 2, wherein:
the outboard motor further comprises a fuel tank; and
the fuel tank is disposed in the rear of the air inlet in the engine room above the engine.

4. The outboard motor according to claim 3, wherein a gap is formed between the fuel tank and an outer surface of the cylinder.

5. The outboard motor according to claim 1, wherein the discharge outlet has a bottom opening at a position that is on a front side in the engine room and is opposed to an attachment member for fixing of the outboard motor to a ship body.

6. The outboard motor according to claim 2, wherein the discharge outlet has a bottom opening at a position that is on the front side in the engine room and is opposed to an attachment member for fixing of the outboard motor to a ship body.

7. The outboard motor according to claim 3, wherein the discharge outlet has a bottom opening at a position that is on the front side in the engine room and is opposed to an attachment member for fixing of the outboard motor to a ship body.

8. The outboard motor according to claim 4, wherein the discharge outlet has a bottom opening at a position that is on the front side in the engine room and is opposed to an attachment member for fixing of the outboard motor to a ship body.