[DO NOT PUBLISH]

IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT

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No. 14-11073

Non-Argument Calendar

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Agency No. A072-732-537

WILTON SPENCE,

 Petitioner,

versus

U.S. ATTORNEY GENERAL, 

 Respondent.

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Petition for Review of a Decision of the

Board of Immigration Appeals

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(November 5, 2014)

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Before TJOFLAT, WILSON, and JORDAN, Circuit Judges.

PER CURIAM: 

Wilton Spence, a native and citizen of Jamaica, seeks review of the 

Department of Homeland Security’s (DHS) reinstatement of a 1997 expedited 

order of removal, pursuant to Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) § 241(a)(5), 

8 U.S.C. § 1231(a)(5), issued against Spence in 1997 when he attempted to enter 

the country using fraudulent documents under the name “Dave Green.” On appeal, 

Spence first argues that the phrase “prior order of removal” in § 241(a)(5) refers 

only to the most recent order of removal when the record contains multiple orders 

of removal. As such, the DHS’s second removal order against him, issued in 

absentia in 2000 after his illegal re-entry, is the proper “prior order” referenced in § 

241(a)(5), thus precluding reinstatement of the 1997 order. Second, Spence argues 

that, even if the 1997 expedited removal order qualifies as the “prior order” 

referenced in § 241(a)(5), by opting to initiate new removal proceedings against 

him in 1999, as opposed to reinstating the 1997 removal order, the DHS waived its 

right to reinstate that 1997 order.

I.

We review issues of statutory interpretation de novo, “looking first and 

foremost to the statutory text to determine whether the language at issue has a plain 

and unambiguous meaning with regard to the particular dispute in the case.” 

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Lanier v. U.S. Att’y Gen., 631 F.3d 1363, 1365 (11th Cir. 2011) (internal quotation 

marks and citations omitted). “Absent a clearly expressed legislative intent to the 

contrary, the plain and unambiguous language of the statute must prevail.” 

Id. (internal quotation marks and citation omitted). Further, we have recognized 

that “[w]here Congress knows how to say something but chooses not to, its silence 

is controlling.” Delgado v. U.S. Att’y Gen., 487 F.3d 855, 862 (11th Cir. 2007)

(per curiam) (internal quotation marks and citation omitted) (alteration in original).

Section 241(a)(5) of the INA reads as follows: 

If the Attorney General finds that an alien has reentered the United 

States illegally after having been removed or having departed 

voluntarily, under an order of removal, the prior order of removal is 

reinstated from its original date . . . and the alien shall be removed 

under the prior order at any time after the reentry.

INA § 241(a)(5), 8 U.S.C. 1231 § (a)(5). We have recognized that, to reinstate a 

prior order of removal pursuant to the regulations implementing § 241(a)(5), an 

immigration officer must first determine “whether (1) the alien has been subject to 

a prior order of removal, (2) the alien is in fact the same alien who was previously 

removed, and (3) the alien unlawfully reentered the United States.” 

Avila v. U.S. Att’y Gen., 560 F.3d 1281, 1285 (11th Cir. 2009) (per curiam)

(internal citation omitted).

We have not yet considered the interpretation of § 241(a)(5)’s “prior order 

of removal” language where multiple prior orders of removal have been issued. 

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However, the word “prior” is unambiguous in this context. The plain language of 

§ 241(a)(5) refers to any previous order of removal and not just the most recent 

order, as Spence contends.

II.

We have recognized that “[a] waiver is ordinarily an intentional 

relinquishment or abandonment of a known right or privilege.” 

See Allen v. State of Ala., 728 F.2d 1384, 1388 (11th Cir. 1984) (internal quotation 

marks and citation omitted) (providing, in a habeas corpus case, the ordinary 

definition of “waiver”); see also Cobourne v. I.N.S., 779 F.2d 1564, 1566 

(11th Cir. 1986) (per curiam) (upholding the Board of Immigration Appeals’

finding that an alien knowingly and voluntarily had waived his right to counsel at a 

deportation hearing). Spence’s repeated use of false names in an attempt to 

deceive immigration officials caused confusion, not an intentional abandonment of 

a known right or privilege. The DHS did not waive its authority to reinstate the 

1997 expedited removal order by initiating new removal proceedings, as opposed 

to reinstating the 1997 removal order, after Spence was found to have illegally reentered the United States in 1999. Thus, the DHS’s reinstatement order against 

Spence is valid.

Upon review of the entire record on appeal, and after consideration of the 

parties’ appellate briefs, we deny the petition for review.

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PETITION DENIED.

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