J-A18041-19

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

W.S. AND E.S.

v.

M.S. AND J.S. 

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M.S.

v.

J.S.

APPEAL OF: J.S.

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IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF

PENNSYLVANIA

No. 245 WDA 2019

Appeal from the Order Entered January 11, 2019

in the Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny County 

Family Court at No(s): FD-17-009101

BEFORE: BOWES, J., NICHOLS, J., and MUSMANNO, J.

MEMORANDUM BY MUSMANNO, J.: FILED SEPTEMBER 30, 2019

J.S. appeals from the Order denying her Motion for Recusal in the 

underlying custody action. We dismiss the appeal.

The trial court thoroughly set forth the relevant factual and procedural 

history underlying this appeal in its Opinion, which we incorporate as though 

fully set forth herein. See Trial Court Opinion, 4/2/19, at 1-11.

On appeal, J.S. raises the following issues for our review:

I. Did the trial court abuse its discretion when it failed to recuse 

itself where substantial doubt exists as to [the trial judge’s] ability 

to preside fairly and impartially?
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II. Did the trial court err and abuse its discretion when it denied 

[J.S.’s] Motion for Recusal without a hearing?

Brief for Appellant at 5.

Before we may entertain the merits of J.S.’s underlying claims, we must 

first determine whether this Court has jurisdiction to consider the appeal. See 

Murphy v. Int’l Druidic Soc’y, 152 A.3d 286, 289 (Pa. Super. 2016) (stating 

that “the appealability of an order goes directly to the jurisdiction of the Court 

asked to review the order.” (internal citation and quotation marks omitted)); 

see also Commonwealth v. Davis, 176 A.3d 869, 873 (Pa. Super. 2017) 

(recognizing that this Court may raise the issue of jurisdiction sua sponte). 

“As a general rule, only final orders are appealable, and final orders are 

defined as orders disposing of all claims and all parties.” Haviland v. Kline 

& Specter, P.C., 182 A.3d 488, 492 (Pa. Super. 2018) (internal citations and 

quotation marks omitted). However, an appeal may also be taken from an 

interlocutory order as of right, an interlocutory order by permission, or a 

collateral order. See Kensey v. Kensey, 877 A.2d 1284, 1287 (Pa. Super. 

2005).

In its Opinion, the trial court addressed whether the Order from which 

J.S. seeks to appeal falls within any of the above-mentioned categories of 

orders over which this Court has jurisdiction. See Trial Court Opinion, 4/2/19, 

at 11-17. We incorporate the trial court’s cogent analysis as though fully set 

forth herein. See id. The trial court emphasized the following:
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 [T]he [r]ecusal Order has not been labeled or deemed to be 

final or requiring an immediate appeal. Nor does it dispose 

of all claims and parties. ... [N]one of the [c]ourt’s [O]rders 

have been intended to constitute a complete resolution of 

the custody claims pending between the parties;

 The [r]ecusal Order does not fall within the scope of 

[interlocutory orders appealable as of right] ... under 

[Pa.R.A.P.] 311...;

 The [r]ecusal Order does not contain the requisite language 

... necessary for the Superior Court to invoke jurisdiction [for 

an interlocutory appeal by permission] pursuant to 42 

Pa.C.S.[A.] § 702(b);

 The Superior Court has held that the denial of a pre-trial 

motion to recuse does not fit into ... [Pa.R.A.P.] 313 

[(governing appealable collateral orders)].

Id. at 11-12, 16, 17 (internal citations and quotation marks omitted).

Because this Court does not have jurisdiction to entertain an appeal 

from the trial court’s Order, we must dismiss the appeal.

Appeal dismissed.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.

Prothonotary

Date: 9/30/2019
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