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OPINION

No. 04-08-00507-CV

IN THE INTEREST OF Y.B., K.B., and T.B., Children

From the 37th Judicial District Court, Bexar County, Texas

Trial Court No. 2008-CI-03913

Honorable Andy Mireles, Judge Presiding

OPINION ON APPELLEE’S MOTION FOR REHEARING

Opinion by: Phylis J. Speedlin, Justice

Sitting: Sandee Bryan Marion, Justice

Phylis J. Speedlin, Justice

Marialyn Barnard, Justice

Delivered and Filed: May 20, 2009

REVERSED AND REMANDED

The motion for rehearing filed by appellee Tina Bruno is denied. This court’s opinion and

judgment dated March 18, 2009, are withdrawn, and this opinion and judgment are substituted. 

David Swift appeals the trial court’s determination that he has no standing under section

102.003(a)(9) to bring a SAPCR seeking managing conservatorship. See TEX. FAM. CODE ANN.

§ 102.003(a)(9) (Vernon 2008). Because a disputed fact issue exists as to whether Swift met the

statute’s six-month requirement, the trial court erred in granting the plea to the jurisdiction.
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Accordingly, we reverse the judgment of the trial court and remand the cause to the trial court for

further proceedings.

BACKGROUND

Swift and Tina Bruno have known each other for over ten years. In December of 2004,

Bruno traveled to the Ukraine to adopt three girls. Bruno is the girls’ only legal parent. On April

22, 2007, Swift and Bruno married. On January 21, 2008, Swift moved out of Bruno’s house. He

filed a suit affecting the parent-child relationship (“SAPCR”) on March 10, 2008. A week later,

Bruno filed a plea to the jurisdiction and motion to dismiss, challenging Swift’s standing to bring

a SAPCR; a hearing was held the same day. Conflicting testimony was presented regarding whether

Swift met the requisite amount of time required to establish standing under the Family Code. The

trial court granted Bruno’s plea to the jurisdiction and motion to dismiss, and awarded Bruno $4,000

in attorney’s fees. In its findings of fact and conclusions of law, the trial court found that Swift did

not have actual care, control, and possession of the children for at least six months. The trial court

concluded that Swift lacked standing under section 102.003(a)(9) of the Family Code to bring a

SAPCR. Swift now appeals.

STANDARD OF REVIEW

The question of who has standing to bring an original suit affecting the parent-child

relationship seeking managing conservatorship is a threshold issue. In re SSJ-J, 153 S.W.3d

132, 134 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2004, no pet.). Standing is a component of subject matter

jurisdiction and is a constitutional prerequisite to maintaining a lawsuit under Texas law. Tex. Ass’n

of Bus. v. Tex. Air Control Bd., 852 S.W.2d 440, 443-44 (Tex. 1993). Whether a court has subject

matter jurisdiction is a question of law. Tex. Dep’t of Parks & Wildlife v. Miranda, 133 S.W.3d
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217, 226 (Tex. 2004). The plaintiff has the burden to allege facts demonstrating jurisdiction and we

construe the pleadings liberally in its favor. Id. When a plea to the jurisdiction challenges the

existence of jurisdictional facts, the trial court reviews the relevant evidence to determine whether

a fact issue exists. See id. at 227. If the evidence raises a fact question on jurisdiction, the trial court

cannot grant the plea and the issue must be resolved by the trier of fact. Id. at 227-28. If the

evidence is undisputed or fails to raise a fact question, the trial court must rule on the plea as a matter

of law. Id. at 228. We review the trial court’s ruling de novo. Id. We take as true all evidence

favorable to the nonmovant and indulge every reasonable inference in its favor. Id. When the trial

court makes and files findings of fact and conclusions of law, as in this case, we review the trial

court’s findings under the sufficiency of the evidence standard, and the trial court’s conclusions of

law are reviewed de novo. Lonza AG v. Blum, 70 S.W.3d 184, 189 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2001,

pet. denied). 

DISCUSSION

In his pleadings, Swift alleged that he had standing to bring suit pursuant to section

102.003(a)(9) of the Texas Family Code. See TEX.FAM.CODE ANN. § 102.003(a)(9) (Vernon 2008).

Section 102.003(a)(9) provides that, “a person, other than a foster parent, who has had actual care,

control, and possession of the child for at least six months ending not more than 90 days preceding

the date of the filing of the petition” may file an original suit requesting managing conservatorship.

Id. In computing the time necessary for standing under subsection (a)(9), “the court may not require

that the time be continuous and uninterrupted but shall consider the child’s principal residence

during the relevant time preceding the date of commencement of the suit.” Id. § 102.003(b) (Vernon

2008). The purpose of section 102.003(a)(9) is to create standing for those who have developed and
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maintained a relationship with a child over time. T.W.E. v. K.M.E., 828 S.W.2d 806, 808 (Tex.

App.—San Antonio 1992, no writ) (examining former Family Code section 11.03(a)(8)); CoonsAndersen v. Andersen, 104 S.W.3d 630, 636 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2003, no pet.). A determination

of standing under this section is necessarily fact specific and resolved on an ad hoc basis. In re

M.P.B., 257 S.W.3d 804, 809 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2008, no pet.) (citing Doncer v. Dickerson, 81

S.W.3d 349, 362 (Tex. App.—El Paso 2002, no pet.)). “[S]tanding does not mean the right to win;

it is only the right to be heard.” In re SSJ-J, 153 S.W.3d at 138. 

At the hearing on the plea to the jurisdiction, Bruno testified that Swift did not immediately

move in with her and the children after they were married in April 2007, but waited until August 24,

2007. From April to August, Swift would stay at his home during the week and spend Friday and

Saturday nights at her home with her and the girls; it was easier for Swift to stay at his house during

the week because it was closer to his office. Prior to moving in, Swift would occasionally babysit

the girls while she was out with friends or out of town on business. He usually ate dinner with

Bruno and the girls. After Swift moved in, he drove the oldest child to and from school in New

Braunfels for nine weeks. After he picked her up, he would take her back to his office where she

worked on her homework. Bruno asked the girls to call Swift “Dad” and stated that he “was an

important part of their li[ves].” At the time of the hearing, Bruno and Swift were still married and

there was no pending lawsuit for divorce. 

Swift testified that prior to moving in with Bruno, he ate dinner with the family almost every

night and spent time with the girls before they went to bed. He stated that he moved in to Bruno’s

home immediately after their marriage on April 22, 2007, and that he spent most nights there. He

kept his separate residence because he and Bruno planned to build a house in New Braunfels and
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1... Bruno contends that, even taking as true Swift’s “self-serving” testimony that he resided with the girls for

over six months, he admitted that he had no actual control over the girls for at least six months, and therefore no fact

issue was raised to prevent the trial court from granting the plea to the jurisdiction. We disagree that Swift made such

an admission. Bruno is referring to testimony elicited under cross-examination, where Swift stated that Bruno controlled

his interactions with the girls and controlled their discipline; however, Swift later stated that he did not relinquish control

of the girls to Bruno, but rather allowed Bruno to discipline the children in the manner in which the girls’ therapist

advised they be disciplined. Furthermore, as Swift notes, the statute does not require that the petitioner’s care, control,

or possession of the children be exclusive. See T.W.E., 828 S.W.2d at 808.

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then sell both of their houses. The girls started calling him “Dad” or “Daddy” immediately after he

and Bruno were married. He helped to prepare the girls’ breakfast, helped with homework, took

them fishing, bathed the youngest child, and stated that he and Bruno shared the responsibility of

caring for the girls. Swift, however, disagreed with the manner in which Bruno disciplined the girls

and believed she punished them too severely. 

In addition, Bruno’s mother and four friends testified that they often visited Bruno’s home

and rarely saw Swift there, except on holidays. Swift’s former employee testified that Swift moved

in with Bruno a month after they married. 

Taking as true all evidence favorable to the nonmovant, we conclude this evidence raises a

fact issue as to whether Swift met the six-month requirement pursuant to section 102.003(a)(9). Two

witnesses testified that Swift lived with the girls for over six months. Additionally, the evidence

showed that Swift’s interaction with the children from April to January was substantial, and that the

children thought of him as their father. Because there is disputed evidence creating a fact issue

regarding the length of time that Swift had actual care, control, and possession of the girls, the trial

court cannot grant the plea and the issue must be resolved by the trier of fact.1 See Miranda, 133

S.W.3d at 227-28. Swift’s first issue is sustained.
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In his second issue, Swift appeals the trial court’s award of attorney’s fees to Bruno. Bruno

requested sanctions under Rule 13 of the Texas Rules of Civil Procedure and Chapters 9 and 10 of

the Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code. See TEX.R.CIV.P. 13; TEX.CIV.PRAC.&REM.CODE

ANN. §§ 10.001, 10.004 (Vernon 2008). Because we have concluded that the trial court erred in

granting the plea to the jurisdiction, we cannot agree that Swift’s pleadings were groundless or

brought in bad faith or for the purpose of harassment. See TEX. R. CIV. P. 13; TEX. CIV. PRAC. &

REM. CODE ANN. §§ 10.001, 10.004. Accordingly, Swift’s second issue is sustained, and we also

reverse the portion of the trial court’s judgment awarding $4,000 in attorney’s fees to Bruno.

CONCLUSION

Based on the foregoing analysis, we conclude the trial court erred in granting the plea to the

jurisdiction and dismissing Swift’s SAPCR for lack of standing. Accordingly, we reverse the trial

court’s judgment and remand the cause to the trial court for further proceedings consistent with this

opinion. 

Phylis J. Speedlin, Justice