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#           The relation between decadal droughts and eruptions of Steamboat Geyser in Yellowstone National Park, USA      

      July 25, 2023    

In the past century, most eruptions of Steamboat Geyser in Yellowstone National Park's Norris Geyser Basin were mainly clustered in three episodes: 1961–1969, 1982–1984, and ongoing since 2018. These eruptive episodes resulted in extensive disturbance to surrounding trees. To characterize tree response over time as an indicator of geyser activity adjustments to climate variability, aerial and ground images were analyzed to document changes in tree coverage around the geyser since 1954. Radiocarbon dating of silicified tree remnants from within 14 m of the geyser vent was used to examine geyser response to possible variations in decadal to centennial precipitation patterns. We searched for atypical or absent growth rings in cores from live trees in years associated with large geyser eruptions. Photographs indicate that active eruptive phases have adversely affected trees up to 30 m from the vent, primarily in the dominant downwind direction. Radiocarbon dates indicate that the geyser formed before 1878, in contrast to the birthdate reported in historical documents. Further, the ages of the silicified trees cluster within three episodes that are temporally correlated with periods of relative drought in the Yellowstone region during the 15th–17th centuries. The discontinuous growth of trees around the geyser suggests that changes in eruptive patterns occur in response to decadal to multidecadal droughts. This inference is supported by the lack of silicified specimens with more than 20 annual rings and by the existence of atypical or missing rings in live trees during periods of extended geyser activity.

## Citation Information

## Related Content

                  -              Data           
                  -              Connect           

February 7, 2023

####                 Radiocarbon dating of silicified wood from around Steamboat Geyser in Norris Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park, 2021-2022              

Volcano Science Center, Yellowstone

#### Shaul Hurwitz

##### Research Hydrologist

California Volcano Observatory

shaulh@usgs.gov

#### Greg Pederson, Ph.D.

##### Research Ecologist

Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center

gpederson@usgs.gov

406-994-7390

####             Lauren N. Harrison, Ph.D. (Former Employee)          

##### Geologist / Geochemist

California Volcano Observatory

#### Richard Gregory Vaughan, PhD

##### Remote Sensing Lead

Yellowstone Volcano Observatory

##### Research Geologist

Astrogeology Science Center

gvaughan@usgs.gov

928-556-7006

## Related Content

February 7, 2023

####                 Radiocarbon dating of silicified wood from around Steamboat Geyser in Norris Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park, 2021-2022              

Volcano Science Center, Yellowstone

#### Shaul Hurwitz

##### Research Hydrologist

California Volcano Observatory

shaulh@usgs.gov

#### Greg Pederson, Ph.D.

##### Research Ecologist

Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center

gpederson@usgs.gov

406-994-7390

####             Lauren N. Harrison, Ph.D. (Former Employee)          

##### Geologist / Geochemist

California Volcano Observatory

#### Richard Gregory Vaughan, PhD

##### Remote Sensing Lead

Yellowstone Volcano Observatory

##### Research Geologist

Astrogeology Science Center

gvaughan@usgs.gov

928-556-7006

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406-994-7544

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#### USGS Volcano Science Center

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