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#           Range-wide declines of northern spotted owl populations in the Pacific Northwest: A meta-analysis      

      May 23, 2021    

The northern spotted owl (Strix occidentalis caurina) inhabits older coniferous forests in the Pacific Northwest and has been at the center of forest management issues in this region. The immediate threats to this federally listed species include habitat loss and competition with barred owls (Strix varia), which invaded from eastern North America. We conducted a prospective meta-analysis to assess population trends and factors affecting those trends in northern spotted owls using 26 years of survey and capture-recapture data from 11 study areas across the owls' geographic range to analyze demographic traits, rates of population change, and occupancy parameters for spotted owl territories. We found that northern spotted owl populations experienced significant declines of 6–9% annually on 6 study areas and 2–5% annually on 5 other study areas. Annual declines translated to ≤35% of the populations remaining on 7 study areas since 1995. Barred owl presence on spotted owl territories was the primary factor negatively affecting apparent survival, recruitment, and ultimately, rates of population change. Analysis of spotted and barred owl detections in an occupancy framework corroborated the capture-recapture analyses with barred owl presence increasing territorial extinction and decreasing territorial colonization of spotted owls. While landscape habitat components reduced the effect of barred owls on these rates of decline, they did not reverse the negative trend. Our analyses indicated that northern spotted owl populations potentially face extirpation if the negative effects of barred owls are not ameliorated while maintaining northern spotted owl habitat across their range.

## Citation Information

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#### Katie  Dugger, PhD

##### Research Ecologist

Cooperative Research Units

cdugger@usgs.gov

541-737-2473

#### James Nichols, Ph.D.

##### Scientist Emeritus 

Eastern Ecological Science Center

jnichols@usgs.gov

301-497-5660

#### James Hines

##### Computer Scientist

Eastern Ecological Science Center

jhines@usgs.gov

301-497-5661

#### Charles B Yackulic, Ph.D.

##### Research Statistician

Southwest Biological Science Center

cyackulic@usgs.gov

928-556-7379

#### Bill Kendall, PhD

##### Research Ecologist

Cooperative Research Units

wkendall@usgs.gov

970-491-7066

## Related Content

#### Katie  Dugger, PhD

##### Research Ecologist

Cooperative Research Units

cdugger@usgs.gov

541-737-2473

#### James Nichols, Ph.D.

##### Scientist Emeritus 

Eastern Ecological Science Center

jnichols@usgs.gov

301-497-5660

#### James Hines

##### Computer Scientist

Eastern Ecological Science Center

jhines@usgs.gov

301-497-5661

#### Charles B Yackulic, Ph.D.

##### Research Statistician

Southwest Biological Science Center

cyackulic@usgs.gov

928-556-7379

#### Bill Kendall, PhD

##### Research Ecologist

Cooperative Research Units

wkendall@usgs.gov

970-491-7066

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####               Cooperative Research Units Program          

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####               Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center (FRESC) Headquarters          

777 NW 9th StSuite 400Corvallis, OR97330United States

fresc_outreach@usgs.gov

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####               Eastern Ecological Science Center at the Leetown Research Laboratory          

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####               Southwest Biological Science Center - Flagstaff, AZ, Headquarters          

2255 N. Gemini DriveFlagstaff, AZ86001United States

928-556-7094

928-556-7092

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