IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA

No. 19-0557

Filed July 24, 2019

IN THE INTEREST OF A.B.,

Minor Child,

F.C., Mother,

Appellant.

________________________________________________________________

Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Pottawattamie County, Charles D. 

Fagan, District Associate Judge.

A mother appeals a district court order terminating her parental rights to her 

child. AFFIRMED.

Maura C. Goaley, Council Bluffs, for appellant mother.

Thomas J. Miller, Attorney General, and Kathryn K. Lang, Assistant 

Attorney General, for appellee State.

Sara E. Benson of Benson Law, P.C., Council Bluffs, attorney and guardian 

ad litem for minor child.

Considered by Vaitheswaran, P.J., and Tabor and May, JJ.
2

VAITHESWARAN, Presiding Judge.

A mother appeals a district court order terminating her parental rights to her 

child, born in 2016. She contends (1) the record lacks clear and convincing 

evidence to support the grounds for termination cited by the court; (2) the 

department of human services did not make reasonable reunification efforts; and 

(3) termination is not in the child’s best interests. 

The district court terminated the mother’s parental rights pursuant to two 

statutory grounds. We may affirm if we find clear and convincing evidence to 

support either of the grounds. See In re D.W., 791 N.W.2d 703, 707 (Iowa 2010). 

We focus on Iowa Code section 232.116(1)(h) (2018), which requires proof of 

several elements, including proof the child cannot be returned to the parent’s 

custody.

Our de novo review of the record reveals the following facts. When the child 

was less than one year old, his mother left him with two men while she went to the 

store to get cigarettes. On her return, the mother saw the men outside the 

apartment, without her son. The child’s grandmother called the police, who found 

drug paraphernalia throughout the apartment. The child’s father admitted he 

regularly used marijuana and other illegal substances. The mother denied drug 

use but conceded knowledge of the father’s usage and her presence in the 

apartment with the child while the father was consuming the substances.

The State charged both parents with child endangerment. The mother was 

ultimately placed on probation. The father, who was on probation at the time of 

the charge, had his probation revoked and served a six-month prison sentence. 
3

Meanwhile, police took the child into protective custody. The district court 

transferred him to the department’s temporary custody and the department, in turn, 

placed the child with his paternal grandmother.

The State filed a child-in-need-of-assistance petition. The department 

afforded the mother two to three supervised visits per week and provided 

assistance in “obtain[ing] and demonstrat[ing] safe and appropriate parenting 

techniques.” The visits remained fully supervised throughout the proceedings. At 

the termination hearing, the case manager testified the mother’s parenting skills 

had “not progressed enough to deem her safe and appropriate to have [the child]

unsupervised . . . and her cognitive abilities” relating to parenting the child were 

“questionable.” She noted that when the mother was “out in the community” on 

supervised visits, she required “continuous prompting on parenting skills.” 

Although the case manager acknowledged the mother showed “progress and . . . 

interest” in services, she recommended against returning the child to her custody.

The district court adopted the recommendation, reasoning the mother 

“progressed to the point where she [could] live on her own and care for herself but 

not [the child].” We concur in the court’s reasoning. We conclude termination was 

warranted under section 232.116(1)(h).

In reaching this conclusion, we have considered the mother’s contention 

that the department failed to make reasonable efforts to reunite her with her child. 

See In re L.T., 924 N.W.2d 521, 527 (Iowa 2019) (“The State must show 

reasonable efforts as a part of its ultimate proof the child cannot be safely returned 

to the care of a parent.” (citation omitted)). It is true the department failed to obtain 

a psychosocial evaluation and parenting skills assessment until approximately one 
4

week before the State filed the termination petition. But the department continued 

to provide services until the termination hearing, including visits and therapy. See 

id. at 528 (stating “reasonable efforts obligation runs until the juvenile court has 

entered a final written order of termination”). The department satisfied its 

reasonable-efforts mandate.

We have also considered the mother’s consistent participation in services, 

including visits, parent-skills training, drug testing, weekly therapy sessions, and a 

psychosocial evaluation. Her compliance is commendable. But after more than 

one year of intensive assistance, there was scant indication she could care for the 

child independently. 

Moreover, the people on whom the mother relied for informal support 

generated additional safety concerns. According to the case manager, the child’s 

maternal grandmother, who was the mother’s primary source of financial and 

emotional support, had “an extensive history with [the department]” and was “not 

considered safe and appropriate to be around [the child.]” The child’s father also 

was considered unsafe, given his refusal to participate in services offered by the 

department. Notably, he moved in with the mother on his release from prison and 

remained with her until “approximately a week” before the termination hearing.

The guardian ad litem stated the mother “lied about” his cohabitation, apparently 

recognizing his presence would impede reunification. 

The guardian ad litem acknowledged the mother was “capable of parenting 

the child” in the long-term. But she also pointed out that the case had “been going 

on for quite some time.” We are obligated to view the statutory time frames for 

termination with a sense of urgency. See In re C.B., 611 N.W.2d 489, 495 (Iowa 
5

2000). In this case, that time frame was six months, and the child was out of the 

mother’s care for eighteen consecutive months. Iowa Code § 232.116(1)(h)(3). 

We conclude termination is appropriate notwithstanding the mother’s willingness 

to comply with reunification services.

Termination also must be in the child’s best interests. Id. § 232.116(2). The 

child was diagnosed with “severe asthma” and “und[er]developed lungs.” In the 

case manager’s view, the mother lacked “a full understanding of the severity of her 

son’s asthma and medical conditions.” She suggested that “if [the mother] had 

participated in doctors’ appointments and had . . . knowledge of what his asthma 

attacks look like and how to properly handle that situation,” reunification might have 

remained the goal. She pointed out that the medical appointments were discussed 

during visits and the service provider offered her transportation to and from the 

appointments. She acknowledged the mother had been taught how to use a 

nebulizer but she did not believe the mother was “100 percent confident to 

recognize what [the child’s] asthma attacks look like if one were to occur.” 

On our de novo review, we believe the case manager overstated the 

mother’s cognitive deficits. Although several records referred to the mother’s low 

IQ, a psychiatric evaluation ruled out borderline intellectual functioning. That said, 

the parenting assessment emphasized the need for ongoing “parenting education 

and in-home supports” for the mother to be an effective parent. Given that 

recommendation, immediate return of the child to the mother was not a viable 

option. We conclude termination of the mother’s parental rights to the child is in 

the child’s best interests. 
6

We affirm the termination of the mother’s parental rights to her child.

AFFIRMED.