```

[Federal Register Volume 78, Number 99 (Wednesday, May 22, 2013)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 30661-30721]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Printing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2013-10604]

[[Page 30661]]

Vol. 78

Wednesday,

No. 99

May 22, 2013

Part III

Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection

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12 CFR Part 1005

Electronic Fund Transfers (Regulation E); Final Rule

Federal Register / Vol. 78 , No. 99 / Wednesday, May 22, 2013 / Rules 
and Regulations

[[Page 30662]]

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BUREAU OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL PROTECTION

12 CFR Part 1005

[Docket No. CFPB-2012-0050]
RIN 3170-AA33

Electronic Fund Transfers (Regulation E)

AGENCY: Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection.

ACTION: Final rule; official interpretation.

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SUMMARY: The Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection (Bureau) is 
amending its regulation which implements the Electronic Fund Transfer 
Act, and the official interpretation to the regulation. This final rule 
(the 2013 Final Rule) modifies the final rules issued by the Bureau in 
February, July, and August 2012 (collectively the 2012 Final Rule) that 
implement section 1073 of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and 
Consumer Protection Act regarding remittance transfers. The amendments 
address three specific issues. First, the 2013 Final Rule modifies the 
2012 Final Rule to make optional, in certain circumstances, the 
requirement to disclose fees imposed by a designated recipient's 
institution. Second and relatedly, the 2013 Final Rule also makes 
optional the requirement to disclose taxes collected by a person other 
than the remittance transfer provider. In place of these two former 
requirements, the 2013 Final Rule requires disclaimers to be added to 
the rule's disclosures indicating that the recipient may receive less 
than the disclosed total due to the fees and taxes for which disclosure 
is now optional. Finally, the 2013 Final Rule revises the error 
resolution provisions that apply when a remittance transfer is not 
delivered to a designated recipient because the sender provided 
incorrect or insufficient information, and, in particular, when a 
sender provides an incorrect account number or recipient institution 
identifier that results in the transferred funds being deposited in the 
wrong account.

DATES: This rule is effective October 28, 2013. The effective date of 
the rules published February 7, 2012 (77 FR 6194), July 10, 2012 (77 FR 
40459), and August 20, 2012 (77 FR 50244), which were delayed on 
January 29, 2013 (78 FR 6025), is October 28, 2013.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Eric Goldberg, Ebunoluwa Taiwo or 
Lauren Weldon, Counsels; Division of Research, Markets & Regulations, 
Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection, 1700 G Street NW., Washington, 
DC 20552, at (202) 435-7700 or CFPB_RemittanceRule@consumerfinance.gov. Please also visit the following Web 
site for additional information: http://www.consumerfinance.gov/regulations/final-remittance-rule-amendment-regulation-e/.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: 

I. Summary of the Final Rule

    This final rule (the 2013 Final Rule) revises the amendments to 
Regulation E published on February 7, 2012 (77 FR 6194) (February Final 
Rule) \1\ and August 20, 2012 (77 FR 50244) (August Final Rule and 
collectively with the February Final Rule, the 2012 Final Rule). The 
2012 Final Rule, summarized below, implements section 1073 of the Dodd-
Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (Dodd-Frank Act), 
which creates a comprehensive new system of consumer protections for 
remittance transfers sent by consumers in the United States to 
individuals and businesses in foreign countries.
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    \1\ The Bureau published a technical correction to the February 
Final Rule on July 10, 2012. 77 FR 40459. For simplicity, that 
technical correction is incorporated into the term ``February Final 
Rule.''
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    The 2013 Final Rule amends the 2012 Final Rule by addressing three 
specific issues. First, the 2013 Final Rule modifies the 2012 Final 
Rule to make optional, in certain circumstances, the requirement to 
disclose fees imposed by a designated recipient's institution for 
transfers to the designated recipient's account. Second and relatedly, 
the 2013 Final Rule also makes optional the requirement to disclose 
taxes collected by a person other than the remittance transfer 
provider. In place of these two former requirements, the 2013 Final 
Rule requires providers to include disclaimers on the disclosure forms 
provided to senders of remittance transfers indicating that the 
recipient may receive less than the disclosed total due to certain 
recipient institution fees and taxes collected by a person other than 
the provider. In addition, the 2013 Final Rule permits providers to 
disclose these fees and taxes, or a reasonable estimate of these 
figures, as part of the new required disclaimer.
    The 2013 Final Rule also creates an exception from the 2012 Final 
Rule's error provisions for certain situations in which a sender 
provides an incorrect account number or recipient institution 
identifier and that mistake results in the transfer being deposited in 
the account of someone other than the designated recipient. For this 
exception to apply, a remittance transfer provider must satisfy a 
number of conditions including providing notice to the sender prior to 
the transfer that the transfer amount could be lost, implementing 
reasonable verification measures to verify the accuracy of a recipient 
institution identifier, and making reasonable efforts to retrieve the 
mis-deposited funds. The 2013 Final Rule also streamlines error 
resolution procedures in other situations where a sender's provision of 
incorrect or incomplete information results in an error under the rule.
    Finally, the 2013 Final Rule will go into effect on October 28, 
2013.

II. Background

A. Section 1073 of the Dodd-Frank Act

    Section 1073 of the Dodd-Frank Act amended the Electronic Fund 
Transfer Act (EFTA) to create a new comprehensive consumer protection 
regime for remittance transfers sent by consumers in the United States 
to individuals and businesses in foreign countries. For covered 
transactions sent by remittance transfer providers, section 1073 
creates a new EFTA section 919, and generally requires: (i) The 
provision of disclosures prior to and at the time of payment by the 
sender for the transfer; (ii) cancellation and refund rights; (iii) the 
investigation and remedy of errors by providers; and (iv) liability 
standards for providers for the acts of their agents.

B. Types of Remittance Transfers

    As discussed in more detail in the February Final Rule, consumers 
can choose among several methods of transferring money to foreign 
countries. The various methods of remittance transfers can generally be 
categorized as involving either closed network or open network systems, 
although hybrids between open and closed networks also exist. 
Consistent with EFTA section 919, the 2013 Final Rule generally applies 
to all remittance transfer providers, whether transfers are sent 
through closed network or open network systems, or some hybrid of the 
two.
Closed Networks and Money Transmitters
    In a closed network, a principal provider offers a service entirely 
through its own operations, or through a network of agents or other 
partners that help collect funds in the United States and disburse them 
abroad. Through the provider's own contractual arrangements with those 
agents or other partners, or through the contractual relationships 
owned by the provider's business partner, the principal provider can 
exercise some control over the

[[Page 30663]]

transfer from end-to-end, including over fees and other terms of 
service.
    In general, closed networks can be used to send transfers that can 
be received in a variety of forms. But, they are most frequently used 
to send transfers that are not received in accounts held by depository 
institutions and credit unions. Additionally, closed networks are most 
frequently used by non-depository institutions called money 
transmitters, though depository institutions and credit unions may also 
provide (or operate as part of) closed networks. Similarly, the Bureau 
believes that many money transmitters operate exclusively or primarily 
through closed network systems.
Open Networks and Wire Transfers
    In an open network, no single provider has control over or 
relationships with all of the participants that may collect funds in 
the United States or disburse funds abroad. Funds may pass from sending 
institutions through intermediary institutions to recipient 
institutions, any of which may deduct fees from the principal amount or 
set the exchange rate that applies to the transfer, depending on the 
circumstances. Institutions involved in open network transfers may 
learn about each other's practices regarding fees or other matters 
through any direct contractual or other relationships that do exist, 
through experience in sending wire transfers over time, through 
reference materials, or through information provided by the consumer. 
However, at least until the time of the February Final Rule, in open 
networks, there has not generally been a uniform global method for or 
practice of communication by all intermediary and recipient 
institutions with originating entities regarding the fees and exchange 
rates that intermediary or recipient institutions might apply to 
transfers.
    Unlike closed networks, open networks are typically used to send 
funds to accounts at depository institutions or credit unions. Though 
they may be used by money transmitters, open networks are primarily 
used by depository institutions, credit unions and broker-dealers for 
sending money abroad. The most common form of open network remittance 
transfer is a wire transfer, a certain type of electronically 
transmitted order that directs a receiving institution to pay an 
identified beneficiary. Unlike closed network transactions, which 
generally can only be sent to agents or other entities that have signed 
on to work with the specific provider in question, wire transfers can 
reach most banks (or other institutions) worldwide through national 
payment systems that are connected through correspondent and other 
intermediary bank relationships.
    Information on the volume of remittance transfers sent via certain 
methods is very limited. However, the Bureau believes that closed 
network transactions by money transmitters and wire transfers sent by 
depository institutions and credit unions make up the great majority of 
the remittance transfer market. Furthermore, the Bureau believes that, 
collectively, money transmitters send far more remittance transfers 
each year than depository institutions and credit unions combined.

III. Summary of the Rulemaking Process

    The Bureau published three rules in 2012 to implement section 1073 
of the Dodd-Frank Act. The Bureau then published a proposal on December 
31, 2012, which would have modified those published rules in three 
distinct areas. 77 FR 77188 (the December Proposal). These three final 
rules and the December Proposal are summarized below.

A. The 2012 Final Rule

    On May 31, 2011, the Board of Governors for the Federal Reserve 
System (Board) first proposed to amend Regulation E to implement the 
remittance transfer provisions in section 1073 of the Dodd-Frank Act. 
See 76 FR 29902 (May 23, 2011). Authority to implement the new Dodd-
Frank Act provisions amending the EFTA transferred from the Board to 
the Bureau on July 21, 2011. See 12 U.S.C. 5581(a)(1); 12 U.S.C. 
5481(12) (defining ``enumerated consumer laws'' to include the EFTA). 
On February 7, 2012, the Bureau finalized the Board's proposal in the 
February Final Rule. On August 20, 2012, the Bureau published the 
August Final Rule adopting a safe harbor for determining which persons 
are not remittance transfer providers subject to the February Final 
Rule because they do not provide remittance transfers in the normal 
course of business, and modifying several aspects of the February Final 
Rule regarding remittance transfers that are scheduled before the date 
of transfer. The 2012 Final Rule had an effective date of February 7, 
2013.\2\
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    \2\ On January 29, 2013, the Bureau temporarily delayed the 
February 7, 2013 effective date (Temporary Delay Rule).
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    The 2012 Final Rule adopts provisions that govern certain 
electronic transfers of funds sent by consumers in the United States to 
designated recipients in other countries and, for covered transactions, 
imposes a number of requirements on remittance transfer providers. In 
particular, the 2012 Final Rule implements disclosure requirements in 
EFTA sections 919(a)(2)(A) and (B). The 2012 Final Rule includes 
provisions that generally require a provider to provide to a sender a 
written pre-payment disclosure containing detailed information about 
the transfer requested by the sender, specifically including the 
exchange rate, applicable fees and taxes, and the amount to be received 
by the designated recipient. In addition to the pre-payment disclosure, 
pursuant to the 2012 Final Rule, the provider also must furnish to a 
sender a written receipt when payment is made for the transfer. The 
receipt must include the information provided on the pre-payment 
disclosure, as well as additional information such as the date of 
availability of the funds, the designated recipient's contact 
information, and information regarding the sender's error resolution 
and cancellation rights.
    Though the 2012 Final Rule's provisions permit remittance transfer 
providers to provide estimates in three specific circumstances, the 
2012 Final Rule generally requires that disclosures state the actual 
exchange rate that will apply to a remittance transfer and the actual 
amount that will be received by the designated recipient of a 
remittance transfer. One of the exceptions permitting estimates 
includes a temporary exception for certain transfers provided by 
insured institutions. Pursuant to this exception, if the remittance 
transfer provider is an insured depository institution or credit union, 
the transfer is sent from the sender's account with the institution, 
and the provider cannot determine exact amounts for reasons beyond its 
control, the provider can estimate the exchange rate, any fees imposed 
on the remittance transfer by a person other than the provider, and, in 
more limited circumstances, taxes imposed by a person other than the 
provider. The 2012 Final Rule also includes two permanent exceptions 
permitting estimates, one for transfers to certain countries and the 
other for transfers that are scheduled five or more business days 
before the date of transfer.
    As noted above, the EFTA, as amended by the Dodd-Frank Act, 
requires the disclosure of the amount to be received by the designated 
recipient. Because fees imposed and taxes collected on a remittance 
transfer by persons other than the remittance

[[Page 30664]]

transfer provider can affect the amount received by the designated 
recipient, the 2012 Final Rule's provisions require that providers take 
such fees and taxes into account when calculating the disclosure of the 
amount to be received under Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(vii), and that such 
fees and taxes be disclosed under Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(vi). Comment 
31(b)(1)-ii to the 2012 Final Rule explains that a provider must 
disclose any fees and taxes imposed on the remittance transfer by a 
person other than the provider that specifically relate to the 
remittance transfer, including fees charged by a recipient institution 
or agent. Foreign taxes that must be disclosed include regional, 
provincial, state, or other local taxes, as well as taxes imposed by a 
country's central government.
    In the February Final Rule in response to comments received on the 
Board's proposal, the Bureau noted that commenters had argued that fees 
imposed and taxes collected on the remittance transfer by a person 
other than the remittance transfer provider may not be known at the 
time the sender authorizes the remittance transfer and that this lack 
of knowledge could result in the provider disclosing misleading 
information to the sender. The Bureau also acknowledged that smaller 
institutions might not have the resources to obtain or monitor 
information about foreign tax laws or fees charged by unrelated 
financial institutions and that providers might not know whether a 
recipient had agreed to pay such fees or how much the recipient may 
have agreed to pay. Nevertheless, the Bureau stated that the Dodd-Frank 
Act specifically requires providers to disclose the amount to be 
received, and that fees imposed and taxes collected on the remittance 
transfer by a person other than the provider are a necessary component 
of this amount. The Bureau further stated that it was necessary and 
proper to exercise its authority under EFTA sections 904(a) and (c) to 
adopt Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(vi) to require the itemized disclosure of 
fees and taxes imposed on the remittance transfer by persons other than 
the provider to help senders understand the calculation of the amount 
received, which would aid comparison shopping and the identification of 
errors, and thus effectuate the purposes of the EFTA.
    The 2012 Final Rule also implements EFTA sections 919(d) and (f), 
which direct the Bureau to promulgate error resolution standards and 
rules regarding appropriate cancellation and refund policies, as well 
as standards of liability for remittance transfer providers. The 2012 
Final Rule thus defines in Sec.  1005.33 what constitutes an error with 
respect to a remittance transfer, as well as what remedies are 
available when an error occurs. Of relevance to the 2013 Final Rule, 
the 2012 Final Rule provides in Sec. Sec.  1005.33(a)(1)(iii) and 
(a)(1)(iv) that, subject to specified exceptions, an error includes the 
failure to make available to a designated recipient the amount of 
currency stated in the disclosure provided to the sender, as well as 
the failure to make funds available to a designated recipient by the 
date of availability stated in the disclosure. Where the error is the 
result of the sender providing insufficient or incorrect information, 
Sec.  1005.33(c)(2)(ii) in the 2012 Final Rule specifies the available 
remedies: The provider must either refund the funds provided by the 
sender in connection with the remittance transfer (or the amount 
appropriate to correct the error) or resend the transfer at no cost to 
the sender, except that the provider may collect third-party fees 
imposed for resending the transfer. If the transfer is resent, comment 
33(c)-2 to the 2012 Final Rule explains that a request to resend is a 
request for a remittance transfer, and thus the provider must provide 
the disclosures required by Sec.  1005.31. Under Sec.  1005.33(c)(2) of 
the 2012 Final Rule, even if the provider cannot retrieve the funds 
once they are sent, the provider still must provide the stated remedies 
if an error occurred.

B. The December Proposal

    In the February Final Rule, the Bureau stated that it would 
continue to monitor implementation of the new statutory and regulatory 
requirements. The Bureau subsequently engaged in dialogue with both 
industry and consumer groups regarding implementation efforts and 
compliance concerns. Most frequently, industry participants expressed 
concern about the costs and compliance challenges to remittance 
transfer providers of: (1) The requirement to disclose certain fees 
imposed by recipient institutions on remittance transfers; (2) the 
requirement to disclose taxes imposed by a person other than the 
provider, including taxes charged by foreign regional, provincial, 
state, or other local governments; and (3) the requirement to treat as 
an error, and thus resend or refund a remittance transfer, where the 
failure to deliver a transfer to the designated recipient occurs 
because the sender provided an incorrect account number to the 
provider. As a result, the Bureau proposed to refine these specific 
aspects of the 2012 Final Rule in the December Proposal.
    First, the Bureau proposed to exercise its exception authority 
under section 904(c) of the EFTA to provide additional flexibility on 
how foreign taxes and recipient institution fees may be disclosed. If a 
remittance transfer provider did not have specific knowledge regarding 
variables that affect the amount of foreign taxes imposed on the 
transfer, the December Proposal would have permitted a provider to rely 
on a sender's representations regarding these variables, as permitted 
under the 2012 Final Rule. However, the December Proposal would have 
also permitted providers to estimate foreign taxes by disclosing the 
highest possible such tax that could be imposed with respect to any 
unknown variable. Similarly, if a provider did not have specific 
knowledge regarding variables that affect the amount of fees imposed on 
the remittance transfer by a recipient institution for receiving a 
remittance transfer in an account, the December Proposal would have 
permitted a provider to rely on a sender's representations regarding 
these variables. Separately, the December Proposal would have also 
permitted the provider to estimate a fee imposed on the remittance 
transfer by a recipient institution for receiving a transfer into an 
account by disclosing the highest possible fee with respect to any 
unknown variable, as determined based on either fee schedules made 
available by the recipient institution or information ascertained from 
prior transfers to the same recipient institution. If the provider 
could not obtain such fee schedules or information from prior 
transfers, the December Proposal would have allowed a provider to rely 
on other reasonable sources of information.
    Second, the Bureau proposed to exercise its exception authority 
under section 904(c) of the EFTA to eliminate the requirement to 
disclose foreign taxes at the regional, state, provincial and local 
level. Thus, under the December Proposal, a remittance transfer 
provider's obligation to disclose foreign taxes would have been limited 
to taxes imposed on the remittance transfer by a foreign country's 
central government. Because the proposed changes regarding recipient 
institution fees and taxes, taken together, could have resulted in 
inexact disclosures, the December Proposal also solicited comment on 
whether the existing requirement in the 2012 Final Rule to state that a 
disclosure is ``Estimated'' when estimates are provided under Sec.  
1005.32 should be extended to scenarios where disclosures

[[Page 30665]]

are not exact due to the proposed revisions.
    Third, the December Proposal would have revised the error 
resolution provisions that apply when a sender provides incorrect or 
insufficient information to the remittance transfer provider, and, in 
particular, when a remittance transfer is not delivered to a designated 
recipient because the sender provided an incorrect account number to 
the provider and the incorrect account number results in the funds 
being deposited in the wrong account. Under the December Proposal, in 
these circumstances, where the provider could demonstrate that the 
sender provided the incorrect account number and the sender had notice 
that the sender could lose the transfer amount, the provider would not 
have been required to return or refund mis-deposited funds that could 
not be recovered, provided that the provider had made reasonable 
efforts to attempt to recover the funds.
    The December Proposal also would have revised the existing remedy 
procedures in situations where a sender provided incorrect or 
insufficient information, other than an incorrect account number, to 
allow remittance transfer providers additional flexibility when 
resending funds at a new exchange rate. Under proposed Sec.  
1005.33(c)(3), providers would have been able to provide oral, 
streamlined disclosures and would not have been required to treat 
resends as entirely new remittance transfers. The Bureau also proposed 
to make conforming revisions in light of the proposed revisions 
regarding recipient institution fees and foreign taxes.
    Finally, the Bureau proposed to temporarily delay the effective 
date of the final rule and to extend the final rule's effective date 
until 90 days after this final rule is published.\3\
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    \3\ As noted above, the Bureau published the Temporary Delay 
Rule on January 29, 2013, which temporarily delayed the February 7, 
2013 effective date of the 2012 Final Rule.
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C. Overview of Comments and Outreach

    The Bureau received more than 100 comments on the December 
Proposal. The majority of comments were submitted by industry 
commenters, including depository institutions and money transmitters 
that provide remittance transfers, and industry trade associations. In 
addition, the Bureau received comment letters from consumer groups and 
several individuals.\4\
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    \4\ Comments that solely addressed whether the Bureau should 
have delayed the February 7, 2013 effective date were addressed in 
the Temporary Delay Rule and are not separately addressed herein.
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    Most industry commenters supported, or did not oppose, the proposed 
additional flexibility regarding the disclosure of recipient 
institution fees. However, many of these commenters further urged the 
Bureau to eliminate altogether the requirement that remittance transfer 
providers disclose recipient institution fees for remittance transfers 
to an account. These commenters largely reemphasized and expanded upon 
arguments that commenters had asserted prior to the publication of the 
February Final Rule. Primarily, that for remittance transfers sent 
through open networks it is very difficult, and in some cases 
impossible, for providers to know or even to estimate--with any degree 
of accuracy--the fees imposed on remittance transfers by recipient 
institutions. Commenters also argued that for wire transfers sent over 
the open network, the number of recipient institutions that might 
receive transfers, and thus assess fees, posed a challenge for any one 
U.S. institution, even a large correspondent bank, attempting to learn 
and accurately disclose these fees. Relatedly, commenters noted that 
existing systems for sending wire transfers in open networks generally 
do not provide a sending institution any insight into the fees charged 
by the recipient institution. Some of these commenters contended that 
Congress did not intend to require the disclosure of recipient 
institution fees.
    In addition, industry commenters argued that the fees charged by 
recipient institutions for remittance transfers to an account are 
already transparent to the recipient (because the recipient typically 
has a preexisting relationship with the recipient institution), do not 
add transparency that benefits senders in any meaningful way, and may 
result in overpayment by the sender (particularly to the extent that 
the December Proposal permits estimates of the highest possible fee). 
These commenters also expressed concern that the additional flexibility 
proposed by the Bureau would not substantially reduce the burdens of 
compliance with the fee disclosure provisions because it would be 
difficult for remittance transfer providers to locate the materials 
needed--such as data from prior transactions, fee schedules, or 
industry surveys--to provide estimates of recipient institution fees 
under the proposed provisions. Relatedly, many industry commenters 
argued that the effort needed to compile this information would be of 
relatively little value to senders of remittance transfers when 
contrasted with the increased cost of providing the disclosures.
    Consumer groups expressed differing views regarding the Bureau's 
proposal with respect to the disclosure of recipient institution fees. 
Some argued that senders of remittance transfers would be better served 
by disclosures that inform them only that recipient institutions may 
charge fees rather than with disclosures containing estimates of the 
fees. Others argued that Congress had intended for remittance transfer 
providers to arrange with recipient institutions to secure the 
information necessary to disclosure the relevant fee information and 
therefore maintained that the Bureau should make the proposed 
estimation provisions temporary in nature to allow and encourage 
providers to develop databases containing information that would 
eventually permit accurate disclosures of all fees imposed on 
remittance transfers, including recipient institutions fees.
    Comments received regarding the proposed adjustments to the 
disclosure of foreign taxes generally mirrored the comments received 
regarding recipient institution fees. Again, while industry commenters 
generally stated that they appreciated the Bureau's proposal to 
eliminate the requirement to disclose subnational taxes as well as 
increase remittance transfer providers' flexibility to estimate other 
applicable foreign taxes, most industry commenters also urged the 
Bureau to eliminate altogether the requirement to disclose taxes 
collected by a person other than the provider. Consumer groups 
expressed differing views as to whether the Bureau should adopt the 
proposed revisions. Based on the perceived difficulty of knowing 
foreign taxes, some consumer group commenters supported the proposed 
flexibility with respect to the disclosure of foreign taxes in general 
and the elimination of the requirement to disclose subnational taxes in 
particular and they also emphasized the difficulty of providing tax 
disclosures. Others commenters urged that the Bureau should maintain 
the requirement that providers disclose all taxes imposed on a 
remittance transfer by a person other than the provider because doing 
so is the only way for senders to know precisely the amount that 
designated recipients will receive.
    With respect to the Bureau's proposal to create an exception to the 
definition of error in the 2012 Final Rule, industry commenters 
uniformly supported the proposed change. Commenters repeated much of 
the reasoning put forth by the Bureau in the December Proposal--that

[[Page 30666]]

in many instances remittance transfer providers are unable to verify 
the accuracy of account numbers and that providers should not have to 
bear the cost of a lost transfer. Commenters reiterated the fear that 
unscrupulous senders would abuse the 2012 Final Rule's remedy 
provisions for their own benefit, and that the attendant risk of loss 
could be significant enough that many providers might either exit the 
remittance transfer business or severely curtail their offerings. In 
addition, many industry commenters requested that the Bureau expand the 
proposed exception to the definition of the term error to include all 
mistakes in information provided by senders that could lead to an error 
under the rule, rather than just incorrect account numbers.
    Consumer group commenters were divided on whether the Bureau should 
adopt the proposed exception to the definition of error. Two consumer 
groups argued that the proposed exception would properly calibrate the 
incentives for remittance transfer providers to prevent errors. These 
groups also agreed that remittance transfer providers should not have 
to bear the loss of a missing transfer when funds cannot be retrieved 
due to an error by the sender. Other consumer group commenters urged 
the Bureau not to adopt the proposed changes to the definition of the 
term error on the grounds that they are unnecessary because of existing 
error resolution procedures in subpart A of Regulation E, harmful to 
consumers who can ill afford to bear the loss of a missing transfer, 
and contrary to the intent of Congress.
    In addition to the comments received on the December Proposal, the 
Bureau staff conducted outreach with various parties about the issues 
raised by the December Proposal or raised in comments. Records of these 
outreach conversations are reflected in ex parte submissions included 
in the rulemaking record (accessible by searching by the docket number 
associated with this final rule at www.regulations.gov).

IV. Legal Authority

    Section 1073 of the Dodd-Frank Act created a new section 919 of the 
EFTA that requires remittance transfer providers to provide disclosures 
to senders of remittance transfers, pursuant to rules prescribed by the 
Bureau. In particular, providers must give a sender a written pre-
payment disclosure containing specified information applicable to the 
sender's remittance transfer, including the amount to be received by 
the designated recipient. The provider must also provide to the sender 
a written receipt that includes the information provided on the pre-
payment disclosure, as well as additional specified information. EFTA 
section 919(a).
    In addition, EFTA section 919(d) provides for specific error 
resolution procedures and directs the Bureau to promulgate rules 
regarding appropriate cancellation and refund policies. Except as 
described below, the final rule is issued under the authority provided 
to the Bureau in EFTA section 919, and as more specifically described 
in this SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION.
    In addition to the Dodd-Frank Act's statutory mandates, EFTA 
section 904(a) authorizes the Bureau to prescribe regulations necessary 
to carry out the purposes of the title. The express purposes of the 
EFTA, as amended by the Dodd-Frank Act, are to establish ``the rights, 
liabilities, and responsibilities of participants in electronic fund 
and remittance transfer systems'' and to provide ``individual consumer 
rights.'' EFTA section 902(b). EFTA section 904(c) further provides 
that regulations prescribed by the Bureau may contain any 
classifications, differentiations, or other provisions, and may provide 
for such adjustments or exceptions for any class of electronic fund 
transfers or remittance transfers that the Bureau deems necessary or 
proper to effectuate the purposes of the title, to prevent 
circumvention or evasion, or to facilitate compliance. As described in 
more detail below, certain provisions of the 2013 Final Rule are 
adopted pursuant to the Bureau's authority under EFTA sections 904 (a) 
and (c).

V. Section-by-Section Analysis of the Final Rule

Section 1005.30 Remittance Transfer Definitions

    Section 1005.30 incorporates certain definitions applicable to the 
remittance transfer provisions in subpart B of Regulation E. Under the 
2012 Final Rule, the introductory language in Sec.  1005.30 states that 
``for purposes of this subpart, the following definitions apply.'' The 
Bureau is revising in the 2013 Final Rule this introductory language to 
clarify that, except as otherwise provided, for purposes of subpart B 
of Regulation E, the definitions in Sec.  1005.30 apply.

30(c) Designated Recipient

    Under the 2012 Final Rule, the term ``designated recipient'' is 
defined to mean any person specified by the sender as the authorized 
recipient of a remittance transfer to be received at a location in a 
foreign country. Section 1005.30(c). Comment 30(c)-1 further clarifies 
that a designated recipient can be either a natural person or an 
organization, such as a corporation. See Sec.  1005.2(j) (definition of 
person). Relatedly, Sec.  1005.31(b)(2)(iii) requires a remittance 
transfer provider to disclose to a sender the name of the designated 
recipient. Thus, the provider must ascertain this name from the sender 
at or before the receipt or combined disclosure is provided to the 
sender.
    As discussed below in the section-by-section analysis of Sec.  
1005.33(a)(1)(iv), the Bureau is adopting certain revisions to 2012 
Final Rule's error resolution provisions in Sec.  1005.33 where a 
transfer is delivered to someone other than the designated recipient. 
In particular, Sec.  1005.33(a)(1)(iv)(D) creates a new exception to 
the definition of error in Sec.  1005.33(a)(1)(iv) that applies when a 
sender provides an incorrect account number or recipient institution 
identifier, and the conditions in Sec.  1005.33(h) are met. Based on 
comments received regarding these proposed changes, and, in particular, 
concerning the specific mistakes by a sender that might result in an 
error under the 2012 Final Rule, the Bureau believes that it would be 
useful to provide further clarity on how the designated recipient is 
determined for purposes of determining whether an error has occurred or 
the new exception under Sec.  1005.33(a)(1)(iv) applies. In particular, 
the Bureau believes it necessary to address situations in which the 
transfer is delivered to someone other than the designated recipient 
named by the sender at the time of the transfer. Therefore, the Bureau 
is clarifying in comment 30(c)-1 that the designated recipient is 
identified by the name of the person stated on the disclosure provided 
pursuant to Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(iii).

30(h) Third-Party Fees

    As discussed in detail below in the section-by-section analysis of 
Sec.  1005.31, the Bureau is eliminating the requirement to disclose 
certain recipient institution fees and to include such fees in the 
calculation of the disclosed amount to be received by the designated 
recipient. In order to differentiate between fees that must be 
disclosed and included in the calculation of the amount to be received 
and those that are no longer required to be disclosed and included in 
such calculation, the Bureau is adopting definitions under Sec.  
1005.30(h) for covered third-party fees, required to be calculated and 
disclosed under subpart B of Regulation E, and non-covered third-party 
fees, which are not required to be calculated and

[[Page 30667]]

disclosed. Section 1005.30(h)(1) defines the term ``covered third-party 
fees'' to mean any fee that is imposed on the remittance transfer by a 
person other than the remittance transfer provider, except for non-
covered third-party fees as described in Sec.  1005.30(h)(2). Section 
1005.30(h)(2) defines the term ``non-covered third-party fees'' to mean 
any fees imposed by the designated recipient's institution for 
receiving a transfer into an account, except if the institution acts as 
an agent of the remittance transfer provider. The rationale underlying 
the distinctions made in these definitions is discussed further below 
in the discussion of Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(vi).
    The 2013 Final Rule adds new commentary to 30(h) to explain the 
scope of these fees. Drawing from applicable examples of fees imposed 
by a person other than the remittance transfer provider that were in 
comment 31(b)(1)-1.ii in the 2012 Final Rule, as well as proposed 
comments 31(b)(1)-iii and -iv which would have provided additional 
clarification on how to disclose recipient institution fees, comment 
30(h)-1 explains that fees imposed on the remittance transfer by a 
person other than the provider include only those fees that are charged 
to the designated recipient and are specifically related to the 
remittance transfer.
    Comment 30(h)-1 additionally provides examples of fees that are or 
are not specifically related to the remittance transfer. For example, 
overdraft fees that are imposed by a recipient's bank or funds that are 
garnished from the proceeds of a remittance transfer to satisfy an 
unrelated debt are not fees imposed on the remittance transfer because 
these charges are not specifically related to the remittance transfer. 
Comment 30(h)-1 further states that account fees are also not 
specifically related to a remittance transfer if such fees are merely 
assessed based on general account activity and not for receiving 
transfers. Comment 30(h)-1 additionally clarifies that fees that banks 
charge one another for handling a remittance transfer or other fees 
that do not affect the total amount that will be received by the 
designated recipient are not fees imposed on the remittance transfer. 
Comment 30(h)-1 also clarifies that fees that specifically relate to a 
remittance transfer may be structured on a flat per-transaction basis, 
or may be conditioned on other factors (such as account status or the 
quantity of remittance transfers received) in addition to the 
remittance transfer itself.
    In addition, the 2013 Final Rule adds new commentary to explain the 
difference between covered and non-covered third-party fees. Comment 
30(h)-2.i explains that under Sec.  1005.30(h)(1), a covered third-
party fee means any fee that is imposed on the remittance transfer by a 
person other than the remittance transfer provider including fees 
imposed by a designated recipient's institution for receiving a 
transfer into an account where such institution acts as an agent of the 
provider for the remittance transfer. As noted above, the rationale for 
this distinction is discussed further below in the section-by-section 
analysis of Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(vi). Comment 30(h)-2.ii provides 
examples of covered third-party fees including fees imposed on a 
remittance transfer by intermediary institutions in connection with a 
wire transfer and fees imposed on a remittance transfer by an agent of 
the provider at pick-up for receiving the transfer.
    With respect to non-covered third-party fees, comment 30(h)-3 
explains that a non-covered third-party fee means any fee imposed by 
the designated recipient's institution for receiving a transfer into an 
account, unless the institution is acting as an agent of the remittance 
transfer provider. It further provides as an example that a fee imposed 
by the designated recipient's institution for receiving an incoming 
transfer could be a non-covered third-party fee provided such 
institution is not acting as the agent of the provider. In addition, 
comment 30(h)-3 explains that designated recipient's account in Sec.  
1005.30(h)(2) refers only to an asset account, regardless of whether it 
is a consumer asset account, established for any purpose and held by a 
bank, savings association, credit union, or equivalent institution. It 
does not, however, include a credit card, prepaid card, or a virtual 
account held by an Internet-based or mobile telephone company that is 
not a bank, savings association, credit union or equivalent 
institution. The rationale for this interpretation is also discussed 
further below in the section-by-section analysis of Sec.  
1005.31(b)(1)(vi).

Section 1005.31 Disclosures

    EFTA sections 919(a)(2)(A) and (B) require a remittance transfer 
provider to disclose, among other things, the amount to be received by 
the designated recipient in the currency in which it will be received. 
In the 2012 Final Rule under Sec.  1005.31, the Bureau set forth the 
disclosure requirements for providers, including that providers 
disclose fees and taxes imposed by a person other than the provider. 
Pursuant to EFTA section 919(a)(4)(A), the Bureau adopted an exception 
in Sec.  1005.32(a) to provide that for certain disclosures by insured 
depository institutions or credit unions regarding the amount of 
currency that will be received by the designated recipient will be 
deemed to be accurate in certain circumstances so long as the 
disclosure provides a reasonably accurate estimate of the amount of 
currency to be received.
    As noted in the December Proposal, after the Bureau issued the 
February Final Rule, industry participants continued to express 
concerns previously raised in response to the Board's proposed rule to 
implement EFTA section 919. The concerns regarded the feasibility of 
disclosing fees imposed by a designated recipient's institution.
    For the subset of transfers sent over the open network, industry 
participants stated that where a designated recipient's institution 
charges that recipient fees for receiving a transfer into an account, 
the remittance transfer provider would not typically know whether the 
recipient had agreed to pay such fees or how much the recipient had 
agreed to pay. Some industry participants also requested guidance on 
whether and how to disclose recipient institution fees that can vary 
based on the recipient's status with the institution, quantity of 
transfers received, or other variables that are not easily knowable by 
the sender or the provider.
    Separately, after the release of the February 2012 Rule, industry 
expressed concern about the disclosure of foreign taxes. Industry 
participants argued first that it is significantly more burdensome to 
research and disclose subnational taxes, i.e., taxes imposed by 
regional, provincial, state, and other local governments than it is to 
research and disclose those taxes imposed by a country's central 
government because there are substantially more jurisdictions that 
could impose these subnational taxes. Second, industry participants 
suggested that the guidance in the 2012 Final Rule under comment 
31(b)(1)(vi)-2, which would allow remittance transfer providers to rely 
on senders' representations regarding variables that affect the amount 
of taxes imposed by a person other than the provider is insufficient 
where variables that influence the amount of taxes imposed by a person 
other than the provider are not easily knowable by the sender or the 
provider.
    With respect to both recipient institution fees and foreign taxes, 
industry stated that, to make the appropriate calculations and 
disclosures, remittance transfer

[[Page 30668]]

providers might need to ask numerous questions of senders that senders 
might not understand or might not be able to answer. With respect to 
fees, industry also stated that the calculations required to determine 
and disclose fees might vary with respect to each recipient institution 
because each of these institutions might have unique fee schedules that 
applied to particular accounts or different ways of imposing fees on 
remittance transfers.
    In response to these comments, in the December Proposal, the Bureau 
proposed to provide additional flexibility and guidance regarding the 
calculation and disclosure of fees imposed by a designated recipient's 
institution for receiving a transfer into an account and taxes imposed 
by a person other than the remittance transfer provider. The Bureau 
also proposed to eliminate the requirement to disclose regional, 
provincial, state, and other local foreign taxes and to include this 
amount in the disclosed amount received by the designated recipient. 
The Bureau sought comment on whether these proposed changes achieved 
the goals stated in the December Proposal, or whether the existing 
rules or another alternative were preferable.
    The majority of comments on the proposed changes regarding 
recipient institution fee and tax disclosures came from industry 
participants, including large banks, community banks, credit unions, 
non-depository institutions, and trade associations. These commenters 
stated that they appreciated the Bureau's attempts to facilitate 
compliance, particularly with respect to the proposal to eliminate the 
required disclosure of subnational taxes. However, many industry 
commenters argued that the proposed changes did not go far enough to 
ease compliance burden. These industry commenters asserted that the 
proposed flexibility would not effectively mitigate the difficulty of 
researching the information needed to provide the recipient institution 
fee and foreign tax disclosures to senders. Further, these industry 
commenters also expressed concern that the proposed estimation methods 
could increase consumer confusion due to discrepancies in the estimated 
amounts disclosed. Moreover, industry commenters expressed concern 
that, under the estimation methods described in the December Proposal, 
the sender would usually receive a disclosure that showed the highest 
possible fee or tax that could apply. As a result of this proposed 
highest estimation method, commenters stated that the disclosure could 
result in senders increasing the amount of money transferred more than 
was necessary to insure that a recipient received the expected amount.
    Some consumer groups also expressed skepticism about the proposed 
estimation methods for a different reason: they believed that any 
additional estimation, beyond that permitted in the 2012 Final Rule, 
would be detrimental to senders because they would not know the precise 
amount of the transfer that would be received. In contrast, other 
consumer groups supported the December Proposal and stated that it 
struck the proper balance of facilitating compliance, while also 
providing meaningful information to senders.
    The Bureau has carefully weighed these concerns and, for the 
reasons explained in detail below, the Bureau believes that it is 
appropriate to exercise its exception authority under EFTA section 
904(c) to eliminate the requirement to include certain recipient 
institution fees and taxes collected by a person other than the 
remittance transfer provider in the calculation of the amount to be 
received by the designated recipient pursuant to Sec.  
1005.31(b)(1)(vii). For the same reasons, the Bureau is eliminating the 
requirement to disclose these amounts under Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(vi). 
However, as noted above, the Bureau believes that a majority of 
remittance transfers are sent through closed networks whereby the 
recipient picks up the transfer from an agent. In these cases, all fees 
imposed on the remittance transfer would continue to be required to be 
disclosed. See Sec.  1005.30(h)(1).
    For those minority of transfers where there may be non-covered 
third-party fees, the 2013 Final Rule requires that remittance transfer 
providers include, as applicable, a disclaimer on the pre-payment 
disclosure and receipt, or combined disclosure, indicating that the 
recipient may receive less due to fees charged by the recipient's bank. 
See Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(viii). Similarly, if there may be taxes 
collected on the remittance transfer by a person other than the 
provider, the 2013 Final Rule requires that providers include a 
disclaimer indicating that the recipient may receive less due to 
foreign taxes. As part of these disclaimers, providers may choose to 
disclose an exact or estimated amount of these fees or taxes. See Sec.  
1005.32(b)(3).
    As described in detail below, the 2013 Final Rule's Appendix and 
Model Forms have been amended to include samples of the new disclosures 
and disclaimers. The Bureau is also making conforming edits in several 
other provisions in Sec.  1005.31 to reflect the changes in the 
required disclosures. These changes are described below.

31(a) General Form of Disclosures

31(a)(1) Clear and Conspicuous

    In the 2013 Final Rule, Sec.  1005.31(a)(1) provides that 
disclosures required by subpart B of Regulation E must be clear and 
conspicuous. It also states that disclosures required by this subpart 
may contain commonly accepted or readily understandable abbreviations 
or symbols.
    As is explained in detail below, as part of the changes adopted in 
the 2013 Final Rule, the Bureau is adding two optional disclosures. 
First, the Bureau is making optional the requirement to disclose non-
covered third-party fees and taxes collected on the remittance transfer 
by a person other than the remittance transfer provider. See Sec.  
1005.33(b)(1)(viii). Second, the Bureau is creating an exception to the 
definition of error for certain mistakes made by senders. See Sec.  
1005.33(a)(1)(iv)(D). If a provider wants to take advantage of this 
exception, it must provide a notice before the sender authorizes the 
remittance transfer consistent with Sec.  1005.33(h)(3). While these 
two disclosures are optional, the Bureau believes it is important to 
ensure that they are made in a manner that is clear and conspicuous. 
Thus, the Bureau is amending Sec.  1005.31(a)(1) to state that 
disclosures required by subpart B of Regulation E or permitted by Sec.  
1005.31(b)(1)(viii) or Sec.  1005.33(h)(3) must be clear and 
conspicuous. Disclosures required by subpart B of Regulation E or 
permitted by Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(viii) or Sec.  1005.33(h)(3) may 
contain commonly accepted or readily understandable abbreviations or 
symbols.

31(b) Disclosure Requirements

Comment 31(b)-1 Disclosures Provided as Applicable

    Comment 31(b)-1 to the 2012 Final Rule provides examples of when 
certain disclosures may not be applicable and therefore need not be 
disclosed. Because of the changes that the Bureau is making with 
respect to the disclosure of non-covered third-party fees and taxes 
collected on a remittance transfer by a person other than the 
remittance transfer provider, the 2013 Final Rule makes certain 
revisions to the commentary in the 2012 Final Rule for consistency and 
clarification. Comment 31(b)-1 clarifies that for disclosures required 
by Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(i) through (vii), a provider may disclose a term 
and state that an amount or item is ``not

[[Page 30669]]

applicable,'' ``N/A,'' or ``None.'' Consistent with the changes made in 
the 2013 Final Rule regarding the disclosure of non-covered third-party 
fees and taxes collected on a remittance transfer by a person other 
than the provider, comment 31(b)-1 is revised to state that if fees are 
not imposed or taxes are not collected in connection with a particular 
transaction the provider need not provide the disclosures about fees 
and taxes generally required by Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(ii), the 
disclosures about covered third-party fees generally required by Sec.  
1005.31(b)(1)(vi), or the disclaimers about non-covered third-party 
fees and taxes collected on a remittance transfer by a person other 
than the provider generally required by Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(viii).

Comment 31(b)-2 Substantially Similar Terms, Language, and Notices

    As adopted by the 2012 Final Rule, comment 31(b)-2 states that 
terms used on the disclosures under Sec. Sec.  1005.31(b)(1) and (2) 
may be more specific than the terms provided and notes, as an example, 
that a remittance transfer provider sending funds to Colombia may 
describe a tax disclosed under Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(vi) as a ``Colombian 
Tax'' in lieu of describing it as ``Other Taxes.'' In light of the 
changes discussed below regarding the disclosure of foreign taxes, the 
2013 Final Rule eliminates as an example the disclosure of a Colombian 
tax. Instead, the 2013 Final Rule provides as an example that a 
provider sending funds may describe fees imposed by an agent at pick-up 
as ``Pick-up Fees'' in lieu of describing them as ``Other Fees.'' In 
addition, in light of the new disclosures permitted by Sec.  
1005.31(b)(1)(viii) and Sec.  1005.33(h)(3), the comment makes 
conforming changes to note that the foreign language disclosures 
required under Sec.  1005.31(g) must contain accurate translations of 
the terms, language, and notices required by Sec.  1005.31(b) or 
permitted by Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(viii) and Sec.  1005.33(h)(3).

31(b)(1) Pre-Payment Disclosures

31(b)(1)(ii) Fees Imposed and Taxes Collected by the Provider

    Section 1005.31(b)(1)(ii) of the 2012 Final Rule states that a 
remittance transfer provider must disclose any fees and taxes imposed 
on the remittance transfer by the provider, in the currency in which 
the remittance transfer is funded, using the terms ``Transfer Fees'' 
for fees and ``Transfer Taxes'' for taxes or substantially similar 
terms. Since the Board's initial proposal, commenters have argued that 
because a tax is imposed by a government, and not by the provider, this 
provision may be confusing. The Bureau agrees that the original 
formulation may be inexact insofar as taxes are typically imposed by 
governments, even though they may be collected by providers. As a 
result, for clarity, the Bureau is revising this language to refer to 
taxes ``collected'' by the provider. This change is for clarification 
only and is not intended to change the meaning of the provision in the 
2012 Final Rule. Consequently, Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(ii) of the 2013 
Final Rule is revised to state, more precisely, that a provider must 
disclose any fees imposed and any taxes collected on the remittance 
transfer by the provider.\5\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \5\ The Bureau has made conforming changes throughout the 2013 
Final Rule.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Comment 31(b)(1)-1 Fees and Taxes

    Comment 31(b)(1)-1 to the 2012 Final Rule provides general guidance 
on the disclosure of fees and taxes. Comment 31(b)(1)-1.i explains that 
taxes imposed on the remittance transfer by the remittance transfer 
provider, which are required to be disclosed under Sec.  
1005.31(b)(1)(ii), include taxes imposed on the remittance transfer by 
a State or other governmental body, and comment 31(b)(1)-1.ii focuses 
more specifically on how to disclose fees and taxes imposed on the 
remittance transfer by a person other than the provider as required by 
Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(vi).
    In the December Proposal, the Bureau proposed additional 
clarification on other types of recipient institution fees that are, or 
are not, specifically related to a remittance transfer. For 
organizational purposes, the December Proposal divided comment 
31(b)(1)-1.ii into new proposed comment 31(b)(1)-1.ii through -1.v. 
Specifically, proposed comment 31(b)(1)-1.ii would have contrasted the 
fees and taxes required to be disclosed by Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(ii) and 
the fees and taxes required to be disclosed by Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(vi). 
Proposed comment 31(b)(1)-1.iii would have revised the reference to 
taxes imposed by a foreign government to taxes imposed by a foreign 
country's central government, and the proposed commentary would have 
built on the existing guidance regarding applicable recipient 
institution fees to clarify that account fees are not specifically 
related to a remittance transfer if such fees are merely assessed based 
on general account activity and not for receiving transfers. Proposed 
comment 31(b)(1)-1.iv additionally would have explained that a fee that 
specifically relates to a remittance transfer may be structured on a 
flat per-transaction basis, or may be conditioned on other factors 
(such as account status or the quantity of remittance transfers 
received) in addition to on the remittance transfer itself. Proposed 
31(b)(1)-1.v would have provided that the terms used to describe the 
fees and taxes imposed on the remittance transfer by the provider in 
Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(ii) and imposed on the remittance transfer by a 
person other than the provider in Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(vi) must 
differentiate between such fees and taxes.
    Insofar as the Bureau is eliminating the requirement to disclose 
non-covered third-party fees and taxes collected on the remittance 
transfer by a person other than the provider, the Bureau is not 
adopting the proposed revisions to comments 31(b)(1)-1.ii. Instead, 
applicable examples concerning the types of fees related to a 
remittance transfer that must be disclosed have been moved to the 
commentary to Sec.  1005.30(h), as discussed above. See comment 30(h)-
1. The Bureau is, however, modifying certain aspects of the remaining 
commentary in light of the new definitions and the elimination of the 
requirement to disclose taxes collected on the remittance transfer by a 
person other than the provider. In comment 31(b)(1)-1.i of the 2013 
Final Rule, the reference to Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(vi) is removed to 
focus on the scope of fees imposed or taxes collected on the remittance 
transfer by the provider that are required to be disclosed under Sec.  
1005.31(b)(1)(ii). The Bureau is also revising comments 31(b)(1)-1.ii, 
31(b)(1)-2, and 31(b)(1)-3 of the 2013 Final Rule commentary consistent 
with new scope of the required disclosures and the movement of certain 
commentary to 30(h). In addition, the 2013 Final Rule divides existing 
commentary in 31(b)(1)-1.ii to create a new comment 31(b)(1)-1.iii for 
clarity.

31(b)(1)(v) Transfer Amount

    Section 1005.31(b)(1)(v) of the 2012 Final Rule requires remittance 
transfer providers to disclose the transfer amount in the currency in 
which the funds will be received by the designated recipient. Under 
Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(v) of the 2012 Final Rule, providers are required 
to disclose the transfer amount only if applicable fees and taxes are 
imposed by persons other than the provider under Sec.  
1005.31(b)(1)(vi), in order to demonstrate to the sender how such fees 
reduce the amount received by the designated recipient. Insofar as 
Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(vi) in the 2013 Final Rule will now only require 
disclosure of covered third-party fees, the Bureau has made conforming 
changes to the appropriate reference in

[[Page 30670]]

Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(v) to clarify that the section implicates covered 
third-party fees only rather than all fees and taxes imposed on the 
remittance transfer by a person other than the provider.

31(b)(1)(vi) Covered Third-Party Fees

    Section 1005.31(b)(1)(vi) of the 2012 Final Rule requires 
remittance transfer providers to disclose any fees and taxes imposed on 
the remittance transfer by a person other than the provider, in the 
currency in which the funds will be received by the designated 
recipient. As discussed above, the Bureau is refining the 2012 Final 
Rule with respect to the disclosure of certain recipient institution 
fees and foreign taxes. The rationale for these changes is discussed 
below.

Disclosure of Recipient Institution Fees

    Since the Board first proposed to amend Regulation E to implement 
the Dodd-Frank Act's remittance transfer provisions, industry 
participants and representatives have argued that particularly for 
remittance transfers that take place over an open network, the 
requirement to disclose third-party fees is unduly burdensome, if not 
impossible, given the potential number of institutions involved in any 
one transfer and the fact that remittance transfer providers typically 
have no direct relationships with recipient institutions. In issuing 
the February Final Rule, the Bureau recognized the challenges for 
providers in disclosing fees imposed by third parties, but determined 
that the disclosure of third-party fees would provide senders with 
greater transparency regarding the cost of a remittance transfer 
consistent with the purposes of the EFTA.
    Consequently, Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(vi) of the 2012 Final Rule 
required providers to disclose fees imposed by persons other than the 
provider (including fees imposed by the designated recipient's 
institution) and required that such fees be taken into account when 
calculating the disclosure of the amount to be received under Sec.  
1005.31(b)(1)(vii). In view of Congress' recognition that these 
determinations would be difficult in the context of open network 
transactions by financial institutions, see EFTA section 919(a)(4), 
Sec.  1005.32(a) permitted insured institutions to estimate the amounts 
required to be disclosed pursuant to Sec. Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(vi) and 
(vii) for an interim period when such transfers are sent from a 
sender's account with the institution and the remittance transfer 
cannot determine the exact amounts for reasons beyond its control.
    As noted above, after the Bureau published the February Final Rule, 
industry participants and representatives continued to express concern 
through comment letters and other fora that, where a designated 
recipient's institution charges the recipient fees for receiving a 
transfer in an account, the remittance transfer provider would not 
reasonably know, or be able to estimate, the amount of fees that might 
apply because fees might vary based on agreements between the recipient 
and the recipient institution. Relatedly, industry participants and 
representatives requested clarification on whether and how to disclose 
recipient institution fees that can vary based on the recipient's 
status with the institution, the account type, the quantity of 
transfers received, or other variables that are not easily knowable by 
the sender or the provider.
    In response to these concerns, in the December Proposal, the Bureau 
proposed to provide clarification relating to which recipient 
institution fees remittance transfer providers were required to 
disclose and additional flexibility and guidance on how recipient 
institution fees could be disclosed. Proposed comment 31(b)(1)-1.ii 
would have provided additional examples to distinguish between fees 
that are specifically related to the remittance transfer and therefore 
required to be disclosed under Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(vi), including fees 
that are imposed by a recipient's institution for receiving a wire 
transfer, and other types of recipient institution fees that are not 
specifically related to a remittance transfer, such as a monthly 
maintenance fee, and therefore not required to be disclosed. For 
example, the proposed comment would have noted that fees that 
specifically relate to a remittance transfer may be structured on a 
flat per-transaction basis, or may be conditioned on other factors 
(such as account status or the quantity of remittance transfers 
received) in addition to the remittance transfer itself. Moreover, 
similar to the treatment of taxes imposed by a person other than the 
remittance transfer provider under the 2012 Final Rule, the Bureau 
proposed to add comment 31(b)(1)(vi)-4 to clarify that a provider could 
rely on a sender's representation regarding variables that affect the 
amount of fees imposed by the recipient's institution for receiving a 
transfer in an account where the provider did not have specific 
knowledge regarding such variables.
    Additionally, the December Proposal proposed to allow all 
remittance transfer providers, not just insured institutions covered by 
the temporary exception, the flexibility to estimate on a permanent 
basis certain fees imposed by a designated recipient's institution for 
receiving a transfer into an account. Specially, where a provider did 
not have specific knowledge regarding variables that affect the amount 
of fees imposed by a designated recipient's institution for receiving a 
transfer in an account, proposed Sec.  1005.32(b)(4)(i) would have 
permitted a provider to disclose the highest possible recipient 
institution fees that could be imposed on the remittance transfer with 
respect to any unknown variable, as determined based on either the 
recipient institution's fee schedules or information ascertained from 
prior transfers to that same institution.
    The December Proposal additionally provided in proposed Sec.  
1005.32(b)(4)(ii) and its accompanying commentary that, if the 
remittance transfer provider could not obtain such fee schedules or did 
not have such information, the provider could rely on other reasonable 
sources of information, including fee schedules published by competitor 
institutions, surveys of financial institution fees, or information 
provided by the recipient institution's regulator or central bank as 
long as the provider disclosed the highest fees identified through the 
relied-upon source. The Bureau sought comment on all aspects of this 
proposal.
    Although most industry commenters stated that they supported the 
Bureau's efforts to provide additional flexibility to remittance 
transfer providers to determine applicable recipient institution fees, 
many industry commenters argued that the December Proposal would not 
significantly reduce the burden of disclosing recipient institution 
fees that are not already known. Describing providers' efforts to come 
into compliance with the 2012 Final Rule, industry commenters stated 
that efforts to obtain fee information had largely been hampered by the 
difficulty of obtaining information from recipient institutions with 
whom providers had no direct relationship, particularly in cases in 
which fees were governed by contracts between recipient institutions 
and recipients, i.e., those institutions' customers. In additional 
outreach by the Bureau, one large bank provider and correspondent 
reported that it had attempted to survey recipient institutions with 
which it had regular contact, but that the vast majority of 
institutions had either not provided the requested fee information or 
failed to respond altogether. In comment letters, as well as outreach 
both before and after the publication of the December Proposal, 
industry participants stated that they had difficulty explaining to 
foreign institutions what was being requested and why the foreign

[[Page 30671]]

institutions should provide that information. Industry participants 
further stated that recipient institutions declined to provide the 
requested fee information, citing proprietary, competitive, and privacy 
concerns associated with releasing information about their fee 
schedules and their contractual relationships with their customers.
    Some industry participants stated that as a result of the 
difficulty in obtaining fee information from individual institutions, 
even with the flexibility that the December Proposal would have 
allowed, they anticipated that the challenges associated with obtaining 
fee schedules or conducting fee surveys might force them to limit 
services to countries where fee information was more readily obtainable 
or where the transfer volume was significant enough to warrant 
additional efforts to obtain fee information. Though the pertinent 
comment letters focused on the December Proposal, the arguments echoed 
concerns that industry participants had previously expressed prior to 
the 2012 Final Rule with regard to any requirement to disclose fees 
imposed by persons other than the remittance transfer provider. 
Industry commenters further opined more generally, as they had prior to 
the 2012 Final Rule, that a significant number of providers might 
choose to exit the market altogether, even if the Bureau were to adopt 
the December Proposal, due to the difficulty of disclosing recipient 
institution fees.
    In addition, several industry commenters stated that compared to 
the 2012 Final Rule, the proposed estimation methodologies would not 
improve and instead could diminish the quality of the disclosures 
received by senders or senders' ability to comparison shop. With 
respect to the Bureau's proposal to add commentary clarifying that 
remittance transfer providers could rely in certain circumstances on 
senders' representations regarding the variables that affect the amount 
of fees to be imposed by a recipient's financial institution (see 
proposed Sec.  1005.32(b)(4)), several industry commenters argued that 
if the sender knew the fees that applied to the recipient's account, 
then it is likely the sender was getting such information from the 
recipient, and in such cases the disclosure of recipient institution 
fees would not provide additional transparency to the sender. By 
contrast, to the extent that the sender had not received information on 
the variables that affect fees from the designated recipient, industry 
commenters argued that relying on a sender's representation would be 
unlikely to provide reliable information. Industry commenters repeated 
industry's longstanding assertion that recipients are in the best 
position to know what fees their institutions impose on receiving 
transfers, and suggested that the Bureau reconsider its decision to 
mandate disclosure of such fees or provide a database of fees upon 
which providers could rely.
    Many industry commenters also expressed concern with respect to the 
Bureau's proposal to allow remittance transfer providers to disclose an 
estimate of the highest possible recipient institution fee that could 
be imposed on the remittance transfer with respect to any unknown 
variable (see proposed Sec.  1005.32(b)(4)), as determined based on 
either fee schedules made available by the recipient institution or 
information ascertained from prior transfers to the same recipient 
institution. Commenters stated that if each provider employed its own 
methodology based on its own research, the highest possible fee 
estimates would vary, sometimes widely, across institutions. Commenters 
argued that this could cause consumer confusion and undermine 
comparison shopping, as senders would have little insight into which 
estimation model was accurate. Although certain limited estimation is 
permitted under the 2012 Final Rule for some transfers sent by insured 
institutions, see Sec.  1005.32(a) and (b), commenters argued that 
using the additional estimation methodologies permitted under the 
December Proposal would lead to greater degrees of inaccuracy because 
of the requirement to disclose the highest estimate possible with 
respect to certain recipient institution fees where such fees might be 
unlikely apply. Furthermore, the proposed estimation methodology would 
have differed from the bases for estimates described in existing Sec.  
1005.32(c), which permit a provider to base an estimate on an approach 
not listed in subpart B of Regulation E so long as the designated 
recipient receives the same, or greater, amount of funds than the 
provider disclosed pursuant to Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(vii).
    Commenters also suggested that under either the 2012 Final Rule or 
the December Proposal, smaller institutions would be at a disadvantage, 
compared to their larger competitors, because they would have fewer 
resources to collect and maintain extensive data sets regarding account 
fees for every location to which they did or could send a remittance 
transfer. Several industry commenters further opined that remittance 
transfer providers that could provide lower estimates could have a 
competitive advantage over providers that provided higher (but 
potentially more accurate) estimates because the providers with lower 
estimates would appear to be providing designated recipients with more 
funds, even though the actual fee imposed by the recipient institution 
for the same designated recipient should generally be the same for 
transfers sent by the same sender to the same recipient institution.
    Finally, some industry commenters argued there was a significant 
risk that if the highest possible fee a recipient institution could 
impose on receiving a remittance transfer was disclosed, a sender might 
unnecessarily overfund a remittance transfer to ensure that the 
designated recipient received a certain amount. For example, a 
commenter explained, that a sender might want to send a remittance 
transfer to a merchant to pay for a purchase. The merchant, per its 
agreement with the receiving institution, might be charged an incoming 
wire transfer fee. Although the merchant would not expect the sender to 
pay this fee, as the merchant had incorporated such cost into its 
overhead, the sender might believe that he or she is responsible for 
covering this fee and might increase the amount transferred by the 
amount of the disclosed fee.
    Because of the limitations they perceived with estimates disclosed 
under the Bureau's methodology described in the December Proposal, the 
majority of industry commenters requested that the Bureau eliminate the 
required disclosure of recipient institution fees altogether. Several 
of these industry commenters argued, as commenters had argued as part 
of the 2012 rulemakings, that section 1073 of the Dodd-Frank Act did 
not expressly require disclosure of recipient institution fees and 
urged the Bureau to eliminate the required disclosure of recipient 
institution fees. A few commenters went further and suggested that the 
Bureau should eliminate the required disclosure of intermediary fees as 
well. Alternatively, industry commenters suggested that the Bureau 
delay the implementation date for the disclosure of recipient 
institution fees until resources for ascertaining such fees could be 
developed, although such commenters did not indicate that such 
resources were being developed or that they would soon be available.
    Consumer group commenters were divided in their reactions to the 
December Proposal's provisions regarding the disclosure of recipient 
institution fees. Although some

[[Page 30672]]

consumer group commenters favored the Bureau's approach in providing 
increased flexibility and guidance with respect to the disclosure of 
recipient institution fees, other consumer group commenters believed 
that the methods of estimation proposed by the Bureau would prove to be 
problematic for senders and suggested either that the allowance for 
such estimation be made temporary or that the required disclosure of 
recipient institution fees be eliminated.
    Among consumer group commenters who favored the disclosure of 
recipient institution fees, some opined that recipient institution fee 
information could become readily available given current technology, 
and they encouraged the Bureau to, at the very least, make any 
additional estimate provisions temporary in nature. This would, these 
commenters argued, provide strong incentives to industry to create 
databases with the necessary information for compliance. In addition, 
one comment letter argued that permitting ``estimated'' price 
disclosures essentially permits a continuation of the status quo that 
Congress intended to change by adopting section 1073 of the Dodd-Frank 
Act. The commenter further suggested that although a permanent 
exemption from any disclosure requirements would be premature, a delay 
in requiring disclosure of recipient institution fees may be needed to 
provide enough time and the proper incentives for some providers to 
update their information systems in order to capture this information.
    By contrast, other consumer group commenters maintained that it was 
appropriate to eliminate the obligation to disclose recipient 
institution fees given the difficulty remittance transfer providers (or 
their partners) face in determining these fees. These commenters argued 
that, given the inaccuracies inherent in estimating the applicable fees 
to be applied, senders would be better served by an alternative generic 
disclosure noting that recipient institutions may charge account fees, 
rather than requiring the specific disclosure of such fees.
    In light of information received through comment letters, 
additional outreach, and the Bureau's independent monitoring of efforts 
to implement the 2012 Final Rule, the Bureau believes that it is 
necessary and proper both to effectuate the purposes of the EFTA and to 
facilitate compliance to exercise its authority under EFTA section 
904(c) to eliminate the requirement to disclose recipient institution 
fees for transfers into an account, except where the recipient 
institution is acting as an agent of the provider.
    As stated in the February Final Rule, the Bureau believes that 
disclosures regarding the fees imposed by persons other than the 
remittance transfer provider can benefit senders by making them aware 
of the impact of these fees, helping to decide how much money to send, 
facilitating comparison shopping, and aiding in error resolution. As 
described in the February Final Rule, in recent years, a number of 
concerns with regard to the clarity and reliability of information 
provided to consumers sending remittance transfers have been 
identified. Congressional hearings prior to enactment of the Dodd-Frank 
Act focused on the need for standardized and reliable pre-payment 
disclosures, suggesting that disclosure of the amount of money to be 
received by the designated recipient is particularly critical. Research 
suggests that consumers place a high value on reliability to ensure 
that the promised amount is made available to recipients. See 77 FR 
6199 (and sources cited therein).
    Despite the public interest in the disclosure of recipient interest 
fees, however, the Bureau believes that requiring disclosure of such 
fees in cases in which the recipient institution is not an agent of the 
provider would at this time either require a substantial delay in 
implementation of the overall Dodd-Frank Act regime for remittance 
transfers or produce a significant contraction in access to remittance 
transfers, particularly for less popular corridors. The Bureau believes 
that both of these results would substantially harm consumers and 
undermine the broader purposes of the statutory scheme. Accordingly, 
the Bureau has constructed the exception to relieve the obligation to 
disclose recipient institution fees absent an agency relationship 
between the remittance transfer provider and the recipient institution.
    The Bureau believes that, in practice, this adjustment of the 2012 
Final Rule will affect a minority of remittance transfers. While 
information on the volume of open-network transfers is limited, the 
Bureau believes that closed network transfers sent through agents--
i.e., transfers for which remittance transfer providers must continue 
to disclose all third-party fees in accordance with the 2012 Final 
Rule--account for the majority of remittance transfers.
    For the minority of transfers where the exception applies because 
there is no agency relationship between the remittance transfer 
provider and the recipient institution, the Bureau has concluded that 
finalizing the proposed exception in Sec.  1005.32(b)(4) (which would 
have permitted estimates in certain circumstances) would have 
significant risks and disadvantages to senders of remittance transfers. 
First, despite the greater flexibility that the December Proposal would 
have provided concerning estimation methodologies, the Bureau is 
concerned that many remittance transfer providers still would have 
curtailed services particularly outside of heavily used corridors. 
Second, the Bureau is concerned that the resulting estimates would have 
varied so widely that their use to consumers in calibrating transfer 
amounts and comparison shopping would have been limited.
    The Bureau believes that given current limitations, it is 
appropriate to require use of a more generic disclaimer to warn 
consumers where recipient institution fees may apply and to change the 
model forms in a way that will reduce the risk of consumer confusion in 
attempting to make comparisons where estimates are provided. The Bureau 
also believes that it is important to encourage estimates and 
increasingly reliable methodologies over time, and will continue 
dialogue with interested stakeholders about how best to make progress 
toward this goal.
    The Bureau's conclusion rests in large part on its understanding of 
the open network systems for sending remittance transfers. As described 
above, these networks allow remittance transfer providers to send to 
accounts at banks worldwide. However, providers have limited authority 
or ability to monitor or control the recipient institutions in such 
networks. Although the Bureau had expected that industry's 
implementation efforts would result in the development of the 
compilation of reliable and current information concerning fees imposed 
by many recipient institutions for most corridors, the process has been 
slower and harder than expected and the lack of comprehensive 
information could lead providers to limit their offerings. Given the 
current environment, the Bureau believes that estimating, or in some 
cases, determining the actual recipient institution fees for transfers 
to accounts consistent with the 2012 Final Rule would be difficult or 
impracticable given the myriad institutions to which such remittance 
transfers may be sent and the myriad fee schedules that may apply 
across these institutions.
    Even under the Bureau's proposal to provide additional flexibility 
for remittance transfer providers in estimating certain recipient 
institution

[[Page 30673]]

fees for transfers to accounts, the comment letters and the Bureau's 
outreach suggest that the burden of obtaining and maintaining 
applicable fee information sufficient to provide the permitted 
estimates in all cases would still be substantial. The Bureau is 
concerned that even if it adopted the December Proposal, the 
requirements to disclose recipient institution fees might cause a 
number of providers to raise their prices, significantly reduce their 
offerings, or exit the market due to the requirements related to the 
disclosure of recipient institution fees. If any price increase were 
similar to the size of a recipient institution fee, that alone might 
offset the benefit of improved information about the size of such fees. 
Furthermore, as the Bureau stated in the December Proposal, the Bureau 
believes that the loss of market participants would be detrimental to 
senders by decreasing market competition and the convenient 
availability of remittance transfer services.
    Moreover, the Bureau is concerned that the estimate methodologies 
proposed in the December Proposal would have produced disclosures that 
varied so widely that their use to senders in calibrating transfer 
amounts and comparison shopping would have been limited. In many cases, 
the December Proposal would have required the remittance transfer 
provider to over-estimate recipient institution fees, by disclosing the 
highest possible fee that could be imposed on the remittance transfer 
with respect to any unknown variable. To the extent providers used 
differing methodologies upon which to base their estimates, the 
disclosed fees could vary significantly across institutions, making it 
difficult for senders to decide how much money to transmit.
    In addition, because these fees would be separately disclosed and 
included within the total to recipient on the disclosure forms, 
differences in amounts disclosed among remittance transfer providers 
could lead senders to mistakenly focus on discrepancies within these 
fees when comparison shopping, even though the actual fee would likely 
be the same regardless of the provider so long as the sender 
transmitted the same amount to the same designated recipient at the 
same institution using the same transfer method. While the Bureau 
believes that it is important to encourage estimates and increasingly 
reliable methodologies over time, the Bureau has concluded that given 
current limitations it is appropriate to require use of a more generic 
disclaimer to alert senders where recipient institution fees may apply 
and to change the model forms in a way that will reduce the risk of 
consumer confusion in attempting to make comparisons where estimates 
are provided. By providing the disclaimer, senders themselves can 
investigate such fees. In addition, as discussed in the section-by-
section analysis of Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(viii), providers may be 
incentivized to seek such information to better compete with providers 
providing more detailed price information. The Bureau believes this 
amendment to the disclosure requirements will best preserve senders' 
access to competitive remittance transfer markets, while facilitating 
continued information-gathering about such fees both by senders and 
providers.
    Alternatively, the Bureau considered further delaying 
implementation of the section 1073 protections, to allow remittance 
transfer providers to continue to seek more reliable fee information in 
order to reduce implementation burdens and make fee-related disclosures 
more accurate and thus more useful for senders. However, the Bureau 
believes that it is critical to provide senders timely access to the 
important new consumer protection benefits of the 2012 Final Rule 
including rights to cancellation and error resolution.
    Accordingly, the Bureau has tailored its amendments to Sec.  
1005.31(b)(1)(vi), and as discussed below, Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(vii), to 
focus on the third-party fees that the Bureau believes are most 
difficult for remittance transfer providers to disclose. Based on the 
Bureau's outreach, it appears that providers sending transfers through 
open network systems have had considerably more success in obtaining 
information needed to estimate or disclose accurately fees imposed by 
intermediary institutions, as compared to recipient institutions that 
maintain ongoing customer relationships with individual designated 
recipients. Some providers (or business partners) have changed or 
contemplated changing the methods they use to send transfers between 
bank accounts, in order to avoid the imposition of any intermediary 
fees. In addition, some providers have worked with correspondents to 
understand such intermediary fees. Thus, the Bureau is not eliminating 
the requirement to disclose pursuant to Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(vi) 
intermediary bank fees or to include such amount in the calculation of 
the amount required to be disclosed under Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(vii).
    Similarly, although the Bureau is making an adjustment for 
recipient institution fees that it believes industry cannot reasonably 
disclose, it is not adjusting the required disclosures for transfers 
that a recipient picks up at a paying agent. As noted above, the 
additional guidance included in the December Proposal targeted 
situations in which providers did not have specific knowledge regarding 
variables that affect the amount imposed by the recipient's institution 
for receiving a transfer in an account. By contrast, where the 
designated recipient's institution is an agent of the remittance 
transfer provider, the Bureau believes the provider should have access 
to or be able to contract concerning the disclosure of any fees imposed 
by such institution. Consequently, the Bureau is maintaining the 
provider's obligation under the 2012 Final Rule to disclose a 
designated recipient institution's fees where such recipient 
institution is acting as an agent of the provider in the remittance 
transfer. Through a provider's contractual arrangements with its 
agents, the Bureau believes that such information should be readily 
available to or obtainable by a provider or that the provider can 
control such fees, based on the terms of the contract between the 
provider and such agent.
    For similar reasons, the Bureau is maintaining the requirement to 
disclose fees assessed for remittance transfers to credit cards, 
prepaid cards, or virtual accounts held by an Internet-based or mobile 
phone company that is not a bank, credit union, or equivalent 
institution. See comment 30(h)-3. In the December Proposal, the Bureau 
did not specifically propose to allow estimation of these amounts. 
Although a few comment letters suggested that the proposed estimates 
exception should be expanded to cover more than depository institution 
accounts, such as general purpose reloadable (or prepaid) cards, mobile 
phones, or mobile or electronic wallets, no commenters suggested that 
obtaining this information would be as burdensome as the disclosure of 
depository institution fees. Indeed, upon further outreach, industry 
participants largely confirmed that currently the majority of such 
transactions currently take place within a single network whereby such 
fees are a matter of contract. The Bureau believes that the systems for 
offering such transfers are still nascent and that currently most of 
these transfers are provided through systems in which remittance 
transfer providers have contractual arrangements with the recipient 
institutions, or the providers and the recipient institutions operate 
within one single network. The Bureau further believes that these 
arrangements

[[Page 30674]]

will likely permit providers to exercise some control over, or learn 
about, fees charged by recipient institutions. As these systems grow, 
the Bureau expects that providers, and any associated networks, can 
design systems so that any associated fees with respect to such 
transfers are transparent to providers and senders alike.
    The Bureau does not believe that the same sort of evolution can 
happen as quickly or easily in existing open network systems, and in 
particular for the interbank wire transfer system. These systems use 
communication and settlement protocols that have been developed over 
decades (or longer) and assume that participating institutions will 
exercise little control over each other.\6\ Furthermore, these systems 
depend on the participation of many foreign entities that have no duty 
or incentive to comply with subpart B of Regulation E. Consequently, 
for purposes of determining the fees imposed on the remittance transfer 
by the designated recipient's institution for receiving a remittance 
transfer into an account under Sec.  1005.30(h)(2), the Bureau includes 
transfers into an asset account, regardless of whether or not it is a 
consumer asset account, established for any purpose and held by a bank, 
savings association, credit union, or equivalent institution. See 
comment 30(h)-3. The Bureau believes that these institutions are likely 
subject to legacy systems that cannot easily be modified to capture fee 
information.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \6\The modern open network banking system evolved slowly over 
the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries and did not become 
electronic and automated until the 1970s. The earliest banks did not 
transfer money between themselves. Over time, however, smaller or 
more remote banks began to rely on larger mutual or central banks 
that they all trusted to facilitate transfers of funds although the 
remote banks had no relationship with one another. Into the mid-
Twentieth Century, this system became computerized and banks could 
electronically message one another. See Ben Norman, et al., The 
History of Interbank Settlement Arrangements: Exploring Central 
Banks' Role in the Payment System (June 2011), available at: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1863929.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    In light of these conclusions, to effectuate the purposes of the 
EFTA, the Bureau is exercising its authority under EFTA sections 904(a) 
and (c) to maintain in Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(vi) the remittance transfer 
provider's obligation to disclose covered third-party fees and that 
such fees be included in the amount disclosed pursuant to Sec.  
1005.31(b)(1)(vi), discussed further below. The Bureau believes that 
providing a total to recipient that reflects the impact of such fees, 
and separately disclosing these fees, will provide senders with a 
greater transparency regarding the cost of a remittance transfer.
    Insofar as the Bureau is eliminating the required disclosure of 
non-covered third-party fees, the Bureau is also not adopting the 
suggestion of several industry and consumer group commenters that to 
facilitate compliance, the Bureau help develop and maintain a database 
of recipient institution fees that could be accessed by remittance 
transfer providers. The Bureau continues to believe that because 
providers are engaged in the business of sending remittance transfers 
and likely will develop relationships with recipient institutions over 
time, providers are in a better position than the Bureau is to 
determine applicable fee information. The Bureau will continue to 
monitor implementation of this rule and market developments, including 
whether better information about recipient institution fees becomes 
more readily available over time. The Bureau will also engage in 
stakeholder dialogue about methods to encourage improvements in 
communications methodologies and data gathering so as to promote the 
provision of increasingly accurate estimates and disclosures of actual 
fees over time.

Disclosure of Foreign Taxes

    Commenters' arguments regarding the disclosure of foreign taxes 
have largely paralleled their arguments regarding the disclosure of 
recipient institution fees. Notably, since the Board's proposal, 
industry has argued that the requirement to disclose foreign taxes is 
unduly burdensome given the number of jurisdictions that may impose 
taxes and the challenges of determining whether or how various tax 
exceptions or exclusions may apply. Although the Bureau recognized the 
challenges for remittance transfer providers in disclosing foreign 
taxes, the Bureau also believed that this disclosure would provide 
senders with greater transparency regarding the cost of a remittance 
transfer, which the Bureau believed was consistent with the purposes of 
the EFTA. Consequently, Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(vi) of the 2012 Final Rule 
generally would have required that providers disclose foreign taxes and 
take such taxes into account when calculating the disclosure of the 
amount to be received under Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(vii). This disclosure 
of taxes would have included foreign taxes imposed by a country's 
central government, as well as taxes imposed by regional, provincial, 
state, or other local governments.
    After the Bureau published the 2012 Final Rule, industry continued 
to express concern about the ability of remittance transfer providers 
to disclose these foreign taxes in two respects. First, industry argued 
that it is significantly more burdensome to research and disclose 
subnational taxes than to research and disclose only foreign taxes 
imposed by a country's central government, with little commensurate 
benefit to consumers. Second, industry suggested that the existing 
guidance on the disclosure of foreign taxes is insufficient where 
variables that influence the applicability of foreign taxes are not 
easily knowable by the sender or the provider.
    In light of these comments, in its December Proposal, the Bureau 
proposed two revisions to the 2012 Final Rule regarding foreign tax 
disclosures. First, the proposal would have revised Sec.  
1005.31(b)(1)(vi) to state that only foreign taxes imposed by a 
country's central government on the remittance transfer need to be 
disclosed. Proposed comment 31(b)(1)(vi)-3 would have further clarified 
that regional, provincial, state, or other local foreign taxes do not 
need to be disclosed, although the remittance transfer provider could 
choose to disclose them. In the event that the subnational taxes were 
not disclosed, the proposal would have required that a provider state 
that a disclosure is ``Estimated.'' Consistent with this amendment, 
regional, provincial, state, or other local foreign taxes would not 
have needed to be taken into account when calculating the disclosure of 
the amount to be received under Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(vii).
    Second, the December Proposal also would have provided additional 
flexibility regarding the determination of foreign taxes imposed by a 
country's central government. Under Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(vi), if a 
remittance transfer provider did not have specific knowledge regarding 
variables that affect the amount of these taxes imposed by a person 
other than the provider, the provider could disclose the highest 
possible tax that could be imposed on the remittance transfer with 
respect to any unknown variable. Where a provider relied on this 
estimation method, the proposal would have required that a provider 
state that related disclosures are ``Estimated.''
    The Bureau sought comment on both aspects of these proposed 
changes, including whether the proposed revisions would facilitate 
compliance and how the revisions would impact senders. Similar to 
comments about the proposed revisions to the disclosure of recipient 
institution fees, the Bureau received numerous comments from industry 
and consumer groups on its proposed elimination of the subnational

[[Page 30675]]

tax disclosure and also its proposed methods for the estimation of 
taxes imposed by a foreign country's central government.
    With respect to the proposed change related to the elimination of 
the requirement to disclose subnational taxes and to include such taxes 
in the calculation of the amount to be received, there was uniform 
support from industry commenters. Nearly all industry commenters 
expressed concern that it was infeasible to attempt to research all 
potential jurisdictions that might impose a subnational tax. Further, 
industry commenters noted that there would be an ongoing and 
potentially significant cost required to maintain information related 
to all subnational tax laws throughout the world given the number of 
potential jurisdictions that could impose a tax. Additionally, in terms 
of the feasibility of the disclosure of subnational taxes, one money 
transmitter also stated that it would be difficult for it to disclose 
subnational taxes given that its customers were not required, when 
sending a transfer, to specify a sub-region within a country where the 
transfer would be picked up.
    Another money transmitter also stated that, in its experience, it 
believed that subnational taxes were rare. Although this commenter did 
not cite any examples of tax practice in specific jurisdictions, this 
commenter argued that many localities wanted to encourage the inflow of 
transfers, and therefore, would be unlikely to impose subnational 
taxes. This commenter and others stated that the cost to determine, in 
every case, whether subnational taxes applied, a cost that might be 
passed on to all senders, would outweigh the benefits given that it 
appeared that such taxes rarely applied in practice.
    In contrast to the uniform support by industry commenters for the 
elimination of the requirement to disclose subnational taxes, consumer 
group commenters were divided regarding their views about the proposed 
elimination of the requirement to disclose subnational taxes. Some 
consumer group commenters opposed the proposed change and stated that 
full disclosure of the exact amount of foreign taxes was critical in 
order for senders to be aware of exactly how much money would be 
received. They stated that elimination of the requirement to disclose 
subnational taxes would harm senders because they would not know with 
certainty how much money would ultimately be received. Other consumer 
group commenters, however, stated that the burden of researching and 
disclosing subnational taxes outweighed the relative benefit to 
senders. These consumer group commenters noted that some remittance 
transfer providers could withdraw from the market or increase prices if 
required to research and disclose subnational taxes.
    With respect to the Bureau's proposal to allow remittance transfer 
providers increased flexibility to estimate the taxes imposed by a 
country's central government, many industry commenters expressed 
concern that the December Proposal did not sufficiently ease the burden 
of researching foreign taxes. These industry commenters raised several 
concerns with respect to the proposed estimated disclosure of taxes 
imposed by a foreign country's central government. Some industry 
participants commented that they did not have the capability to 
research the relevant tax laws in the first place because they did not 
have foreign contacts, or, alternatively, that they did not have the 
resources to expend to determine the applicable foreign tax laws. Thus, 
they asserted that an ability to estimate would not facilitate 
compliance since such estimation would require an underlying knowledge 
of the foreign tax laws.
    Industry commenters, particularly smaller banks and credit unions, 
also noted that remittance transfer providers were reluctant to rely on 
information from third-party service providers (such as larger 
correspondent institutions) because they would have no means to verify 
the accuracy of the information provided by the third-parties. Further, 
even where the tax information was accurate, some industry commenters 
stated that there could be a high cost associated with relying on a 
third-party provider to obtain that foreign tax information. Similar to 
industry comments about the disclosure of subnational taxes, commenters 
stated that these costs not only included the upfront costs of 
acquiring the tax information but also ongoing costs required to 
maintain and update tax information. For example, commenters expressed 
concern that, even if a provider (or a third-party selling the tax 
information) determined that a particular country did not tax 
remittance transfers, the provider would need to continue to monitor 
that country's tax law to know whether any new tax laws were enacted in 
the future.
    Industry commenters (as well as some consumer group commenters) 
stated that some of the burden resulting from the disclosure of foreign 
taxes imposed by a country's central government could be solved if the 
Bureau itself developed a tax database that was made available to 
remittance transfer providers. Industry commenters noted that a Bureau-
provided database would eliminate the cost and potential inaccuracy 
that could result from each provider's individual attempts to determine 
the applicable foreign taxes.
    Along similar lines, the Bureau learned through outreach that at 
least one trade association is developing a database containing 
information about foreign taxes imposed on remittance transfers by a 
country's central government. The trade association informed the Bureau 
that, by working with a third-party, it thought it could eventually 
determine the relevant tax laws for most countries. The trade 
association, however, stated that there were several challenges 
associated with determining and disclosing the applicable tax under the 
proposed estimation method. According to the trade association and 
other commenters, one concern was that many foreign taxes have 
exceptions and exclusions that are not imposed uniformly on all 
transfers. The trade association noted that, even if a database listed 
applicable tax laws, it might be difficult for remittance transfer 
providers, particularly smaller providers, to apply these exceptions 
and incorporate the exceptions into computer programs or onto forms to 
arrive at an accurate tax disclosure. Some industry commenters also 
noted that, if a provider did not apply an exception, that provider 
might appear to be imposing a higher tax than another provider that 
applied the exception, even if the tax is the same. Thus, these 
commenters stated that a sender might misidentify the cheapest 
provider.
    Relatedly, several other industry commenters expressed concern that 
a tax law might be misinterpreted or misunderstood by the remittance 
transfer provider because of the challenges of interpreting foreign 
laws. As a result, several industry commenters and a trade association 
stated that the Bureau should provide a safe harbor for providers that 
use some reasonable processes to acquire the tax information. Other 
commenters stated that they would favor a safe harbor whereby, if the 
provider relied on some reasonable source of information in obtaining 
tax information, that provider would not be liable if the disclosed tax 
was incorrect.
    Industry commenters also echoed similar comments to those made with 
respect to the December Proposal's provisions regarding the recipient 
institution fee disclosures, stating that the estimated tax disclosure 
would be of limited benefit to senders because they believed that in 
many instances the same tax likely would apply to all

[[Page 30676]]

transfers to a particular country. As a result, a disclosure of the 
foreign tax would not improve a sender's ability to comparison shop 
among remittance transfer providers. In addition, other commenters 
noted that because the Bureau's proposed estimation method required a 
disclosure of the highest possible foreign tax that could be imposed 
with respect to any unknown variable, a sender might transfer more 
money than was required to compensate for the high estimated tax that 
the sender believed would be deducted. The commenters noted, for 
example, that if a sender was transferring funds to a foreign merchant, 
the higher disclosed tax could harm the sender who inadvertently 
provided more money than was necessary to pay for a good or service.
    In contrast to industry commenters and as with respect to the 
Bureau's proposal to eliminate the requirement to disclose subnational 
taxes, consumer groups were divided with respect to their comments 
about the proposed change to allow estimation to be used in the 
determination of the foreign country tax disclosure. Some consumer 
groups stated that the estimation of foreign taxes would harm senders 
because they would not know exactly how much money would be received. 
In contrast, other consumer groups supported the Bureau's proposed 
estimation method for those taxes imposed by a country's central 
government. These consumer groups stated that the Bureau's proposed 
estimation method would facilitate compliance, and thereby encourage 
providers to stay in the market or prevent providers from increasing 
prices.
    Similar to its reasoning with respect to the elimination of the 
requirement to disclose certain recipient institution fees, as a result 
of comments received, additional outreach, and the Bureau's independent 
monitoring of efforts to implement the 2012 Final Rule, the Bureau 
believes it is necessary and proper both to further the purposes of the 
EFTA and to facilitate compliance to exercise its exception authority 
under EFTA section 904(c) to eliminate the requirement that remittance 
transfer providers include taxes collected by a person other than the 
provider--including both subnational taxes and taxes imposed by a 
foreign country's central government, in the calculation of the amount 
to be disclosed under Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(vii). Consistent with this 
revision, the Bureau is also eliminating the requirement to disclose 
taxes imposed by a person other than the remittance transfer provider 
under Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(vi) since such taxes are no longer necessary 
to clarify the calculation of the amount to be received under Sec.  
1005.31(b)(1)(vii). Under the 2013 Final Rule, a provider continues to 
be required to disclose any taxes collected by the provider, as 
described under Sec.  1005.31(b)(ii), but providers are no longer 
required to disclose taxes collected by other persons.
    As stated in the February Final Rule, the Bureau believes that 
disclosures regarding the taxes collected by a person other than the 
remittance transfer provider can benefit senders by making them aware 
of the impact of these taxes on the total amount transferred, deciding 
how much money to transfer, facilitating comparison shopping, and 
aiding in error resolution. Yet, while this foreign tax information is 
important for consumers, the Bureau is concerned that requiring 
disclosure of taxes collected by a person other than the provider could 
at this time produce increased costs for all transactions or result in 
a significant contraction in access to remittance transfers, 
particularly for less popular corridors. Similar to its decision about 
eliminating the requirement to disclose certain recipient institution 
fees, the Bureau believes that both of these results would 
substantially harm consumers and undermine the broader purposes of the 
statutory scheme. Accordingly, the Bureau has concluded that in the 
current environment, this amendment to the tax disclosure requirements 
will best preserve access to competitive prices for remittance 
transfers for a wide range of countries.
    As with fees, one key factor in the Bureau's decision was a concern 
that the required tax disclosure might limit the availability of 
remittance services to certain countries or result in an increased cost 
for many transfers. With respect to cost increases, under the 2012 
Final Rule and the December Proposal, most remittance transfer 
providers would have needed to conduct research to determine (or 
purchase information regarding) the relevant foreign tax laws, 
potentially for many countries. These providers would also need to 
expend resources to update this information on a regular basis. 
Although one industry association has been undertaken to develop a 
database of applicable central government taxes, that association 
acknowledged several challenges both in developing the database and 
with how individual providers would make use of the data contained in 
it. For example, validation and continuous updating of the information 
collected remains a substantial concern. As described above, the Bureau 
is concerned that many providers would pass the costs associated with 
these efforts on to senders in the form of increased prices that would 
affect remittance transfers across the board, even to countries in 
which no such taxes are actually imposed. The Bureau also remains 
concerned that the cost of maintaining the required tax information 
could cause providers to exit the market, or limit their offerings--
even if the requirement was limited to taxes imposed by a foreign 
country's central government. Some providers, for example, might 
curtail their services and limit transfers only to the highest traffic 
corridors in order to minimize their necessary foreign tax law 
research. Because some providers might restrict their services to 
certain corridors with less volume, a sender might have limited ability 
to send transfers to those regions.
    As a result, while the Bureau generally believes that senders can 
benefit from transparency regarding the foreign tax disclosure, in the 
present market, the cost of obtaining the necessary tax information may 
exceed the benefit of this information to many senders. As with 
recipient institution fees, the Bureau also recognizes that in many 
instances the benefit of the disclosure may be minimized because the 
actual foreign tax imposed is likely to be uniform across all 
remittance transfers to a particular person in a particular country 
(and, therefore, the same tax would apply).\7\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \7\ The Bureau recognizes that this uniformity may not always be 
the case. For example, a tax could be imposed differently based on 
whether the tax law treated transfers sent through a closed or open 
network differently. But, for most transfers, the Bureau believes 
that a tax law would apply in the same manner where a transfer was 
of the same amount to the same destination in a country.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    In addition, as with the estimation of recipient institution fees, 
the disclosure of the highest tax estimates based on any unknown 
variable, as required in the December Proposal, could result in 
consumer confusion where providers disclosed different tax estimates. 
Even if third-party providers developed common databases of 
information, there is still a risk of inconsistent disclosures 
depending on providers' knowledge of potentially relevant variables, 
practices, and interpretations of foreign tax law. The Bureau believes 
that using the general disclaimer and moving any voluntarily provided 
estimates or actual numbers lower on the form will help to reduce the 
risk that senders mistakenly choose providers based on discrepancies in 
tax estimates. Further, rather than adopting a systematic rule that 
tends to overestimate tax rates, the Bureau believes that senders may 
prefer

[[Page 30677]]

to apply different approaches to different types of transfers, for 
instance by being more conservative about the risk of overfunding a 
transfer to a business as compared to a family member.
    The Bureau also does not believe that it is appropriate or feasible 
to create a safe harbor for remittance transfer providers that rely on 
a third-party database or some other third-party source for tax 
information. At this time, the Bureau is not aware of any data source 
whose accuracy it can guarantee, absent extensive monitoring. The 
Bureau is not currently positioned to evaluate the accuracy of each 
database that might be created nor can it determine whether providers 
are reasonably researching, interpreting, or applying the applicable 
foreign tax laws. Similarly, the Bureau does not believe that currently 
it is positioned to create a database itself. In addition, even if a 
database existed, as noted above, it would still be necessary to 
determine how the particular tax laws and exceptions or exclusions 
applied, and the Bureau believes that providers are better positioned 
to learn over time how foreign tax laws apply to individual transfers.
    Overall, given the current burden of researching the foreign taxes 
and the potential risks of sender confusion, increased cost, and 
reduced transfer services, the Bureau believes that the best result at 
this time is to eliminate the obligation to disclose taxes collected by 
parties other than the remittance transfer provider and to eliminate 
the requirement to include this amount in the calculation of the amount 
to be received by the designated recipient. The Bureau, however, notes 
that its decision is based on the current feasibility and cost 
associated with determining or estimating such taxes imposed on a 
remittance transfer, as well as the potential impact on market 
structure and pricing practices. The Bureau intends to monitor whether 
the development and availability of information regarding taxes 
collected on a remittance transfer by a person other than the provider 
becomes more feasible in the future. The Bureau will also engage in 
stakeholder dialogue about methods to encourage improvements in 
communications methodologies and data gathering so as to promote the 
provision of increasingly accurate estimates and disclosures of foreign 
taxes over time.

Conforming Changes to Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(vi)

    In light of the changes the Bureau is making with respect to the 
disclosure of non-covered third-party fees and foreign taxes, Sec.  
1005.31(b)(1)(vi) in the 2013 Final Rule requires only the disclosure 
of covered third-party fees. The 2013 Final Rule also makes conforming 
edits to comment 31(b)(1)(vi)-1 to reflect that the disclosure of 
covered third-party fees must be made in the currency in which the 
funds will be received by the designated recipient. While the revised 
Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(vi) provides that only covered third-party fees be 
disclosed under this subsection, as discussed below, under Sec.  
1005.31(b)(1)(viii) a remittance transfer provider would remain free to 
disclose separately any non-covered third-party fees or taxes collected 
by a person other than the provider of which it is aware, to the extent 
consistent with the parameters of that section.

31(b)(1)(vii) Amount Received

    Section 1005.31(b)(1)(vi) of the 2012 Final Rule implements EFTA 
section 919(a)(2)(A)(i) by requiring that a remittance transfer 
provider disclose to the sender the amount that will be received by the 
designated recipient, in the currency in which the funds will be 
received. As adopted by the 2012 Final Rule, this disclosure must 
reflect all charges that would affect the amount to be received 
including any recipient institution fees and taxes imposed by a person 
other than the provider. As stated above, the Bureau is exercising its 
exception authority under EFTA section 904(c) to revise Sec.  
1005.31(b)(1)(vii) to eliminate the requirement to include non-covered 
third-party fees and taxes collected on a remittance transfer by a 
person other than the provider in the calculation of the amount 
received, consistent with the narrowed scope of Sec.  
1005.31(b)(1)(vi). Section 1005.31(b)(1)(vii) of the 2013 Final Rule 
thus provides that the disclosed amount must be disclosed in the 
currency in which the funds will be received, using the term ``Total to 
Recipient'' or a substantially similar term except that this amount 
shall not include any non-covered third party fee or tax collected by a 
person other than the provider, whether such fee or tax is disclosed 
pursuant to Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(viii).
    While Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(viii) gives the provider the option to 
disclose non-covered third-party fees and taxes collected on a 
remittance transfer by a person other than the provider, as discussed 
below, a provider cannot, in any circumstance, include these amounts in 
the amount disclosed under Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(vii). The Bureau 
believes that eliminating the requirement to include non-covered third-
party fees and taxes collected on the remittance transfer by a person 
other than the provider in the calculation of the disclosed amount to 
be received by the designated recipient is necessary and proper to 
facilitate compliance and further the purposes of the EFTA because the 
Bureau is concerned that requiring disclosure of such amounts within 
the amount disclosed under Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(vii) might hamper 
senders' ability to make informed comparisons across similar providers.
    The 2013 Final Rule also makes conforming edits to comment 
31(b)(1)(vii) to clarify that the amount disclosed pursuant to Sec.  
1005.31(b)(1)(vii) must reflect the exchange rate, all fees imposed and 
all taxes collected on the remittance transfer by the provider, as well 
as any covered third-party fees as provided by Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(vi). 
The Bureau recognizes that in some cases the amount disclosed pursuant 
to Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(vii) will not reflect the amount that the 
designated recipient will ultimately receive due to additional non-
covered third-party fees and taxes collected on the remittance transfer 
by a person other than the provider.

31(b)(1)(viii) Statements That Non-Covered Third-Party Fees or Taxes 
Collected on the Remittance Transfer by a Person Other Than the 
Provider May Apply

    In the December Proposal, the Bureau solicited comment on methods 
to reduce the burden of required disclosures of fees and taxes imposed 
on remittance transfers by persons other than the providers and 
alternative disclosures that could be provided. Several industry and 
consumer group commenters suggested that in place of requiring exact or 
estimated disclosures of recipient institution fees or foreign taxes, 
the Bureau could require a statement within the disclosure forms 
alerting senders that the total amount received may be reduced by 
recipient institution fees or foreign taxes. These commenters contended 
that such a disclosure would ensure that senders are aware of the 
potential for further reductions in the disclosed amount received, due 
to fees or taxes that are not disclosed, and would encourage senders 
and recipients to investigate the fees associated with a transfer to 
the recipient's financial institution, as compared to those associated 
with other mechanisms for sending a remittance transfer.
    Although the Bureau is eliminating the requirement to calculate and 
disclose non-covered third-party fees and taxes collected on a 
remittance transfer by a person other than the

[[Page 30678]]

remittance transfer provider, the Bureau strongly believes that it is 
nonetheless important to inform senders when fees and taxes that are 
not disclosed may apply to the remittance transfer. Accordingly, to 
further the purposes of the EFTA, the Bureau believes that it is 
necessary and proper to exercise its authority under EFTA sections 
904(a) and (c) to add Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(viii), which requires that a 
provider include, as applicable, a statement indicating that non-
covered third-party fees or taxes collected on the remittance transfer 
by a person other than the provider may apply to the remittance 
transfer and result in the designated recipient receiving less than the 
amount disclosed pursuant to Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(vii). Moreover, under 
this paragraph, a provider may, but is not required to, disclose any 
applicable non-covered third-party fees or taxes collected on the 
remittance transfer by a person other than the provider using the 
language set for in Model Forms A-30(b)-(d) of Appendix A to this part 
or substantially similar language. Any such figures must be disclosed 
in the currency in which the funds will be received, using the language 
set forth in Model Forms A-30(b) through (d) of Appendix A to this 
part, as appropriate, or substantially similar language. The exchange 
rate used to calculate any disclosed non-covered third-party fees or 
taxes collected on the remittance transfer by a person other than the 
provider is the exchange rate used in Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(iv), 
including an estimated exchange rate to the extent permitted by Sec.  
1005.32, prior to any rounding of the exchange rate. Although new Sec.  
1005.31(b)(1)(viii) makes the disclosure of the amount of non-covered 
third-party fees and taxes collected on a remittance transfer by a 
person other than the provider optional, the Bureau believes that 
providers may be motivated to collect and disclose such information 
voluntarily, in the interest of providing high levels of customer 
service to senders and to better compete for remittance business 
against other providers.
    New comment 31(b)(1)(viii)-1 clarifies that if non-covered third-
party fees or taxes collected on the remittance transfer by a person 
other than the remittance transfer provider apply to a particular 
remittance transfer, or if a provider does not know if such fees or 
taxes may apply to a particular remittance transfer, Sec.  
1005.31(b)(1)(viii) requires the provider to include the disclaimer 
with respect to such fees and taxes. Comment 31(b)(1)(viii)-1 
additionally clarifies that required disclosures under Sec.  
1005.31(b)(1)(viii) may only be provided to the extent applicable. For 
example, if the designated recipient's institution is an agent of the 
provider and thus, non-covered third-party fees cannot apply to the 
transfer, the provider must disclose all fees imposed on the remittance 
transfer and may not provide the disclaimer regarding non-covered 
third-party fees. In this scenario, the commentary clarifies, the 
provider may only provide the disclaimer regarding taxes collected on 
the remittance transfer by a person other than the provider, as 
applicable.
    New comment 31(b)(1)(viii)-2 explains that Sec.  
1005.31(b)(1)(viii) permits a provider to disclose the amount of any 
non-covered third-party fees or taxes collected on the remittance 
transfer by a person other than the provider. For example, when a 
remittance transfer provider knows that the designated recipient's 
institution imposes a fee or that a foreign tax will apply, the 
provider may choose to disclose the relevant fee or tax as part of the 
information disclosed pursuant to Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(viii). The 
comment also notes that Sec.  1005.32(b)(3) permits the provider to 
disclose estimated amounts of such taxes and fees, provided any 
estimates are based on reasonable source of information. See comment 
32(b)(3)-1. It further provides that where the provider chooses, at its 
option, to disclose the amounts of the relevant recipient institution 
fee or tax as part of the information disclosed pursuant to Sec.  
1005.31(b)(1)(viii), the provider must not include that fee or tax in 
the amounts disclosed pursuant to Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(vi) or 
(b)(1)(vii).

31(b)(2) Receipt

31(b)(2)(i) Pre-Payment Disclosures on Receipt

    Section 1005.31(b)(2)(i) in the 2012 Final Rule provides that the 
same disclosures included in the pre-payment disclosure must be 
disclosed on the receipt. As discussed above, the Bureau is adding a 
new requirement that pre-payment disclosures include disclaimers when 
non-covered third-party fees or taxes collected on a remittance 
transfer by a person other than the provider may apply. In addition, as 
stated above, to facilitate compliance and further the purposes of the 
EFTA, the Bureau believes it is necessary and proper to exercise its 
exception authority under EFTA section 904(c) to revise Sec.  
1005.31(b)(1)(vii) to eliminate the requirement to include non-covered 
third-party fees and taxes collected on the remittance transfer by a 
person other than the remittance transfer provider in the calculation 
of the amount received, disclosed on the receipt provided to the sender 
under Sec.  1005.31(b)(2)(i), consistent with the narrowed scope of 
Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(vi). As discussed above, to further the purposes of 
the EFTA, the Bureau also believes that it is necessary and proper to 
exercise its authority under EFTA sections 904(a) and (c) to require 
providers to include disclaimers stating, as applicable, that non-
covered third-party fees or taxes collected by a person other than the 
provider may apply to the remittance transfer and result in the 
designated recipient receiving less than the amount disclosed pursuant 
to Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(vii). Accordingly, the Bureau is amending the 
cross-reference in Sec.  1005.31(b)(2)(i) to require that such 
disclaimers be provided on the receipt. These changes would also be 
reflected on a combined disclosure. See Sec.  1005.31(b)(3).

31(c) Specific Format Requirements

31(c)(1) Grouping

    EFTA section 919(a)(3)(A) states that disclosures provided pursuant 
to EFTA section 919 must be clear and conspicuous. The 2012 Final Rule 
incorporates this requirement and sets forth grouping, proximity, 
prominence, size, and segregation requirements to ensure that it is 
satisfied. In particular, Sec.  1005.31(c)(1) requires that information 
about the transfer amount, fees and taxes imposed by a person other 
than the provider, and amount received by the designated recipient be 
grouped together. The purpose of this grouping requirement is to make 
clear to the sender how the total amount to be transferred to the 
designated recipient, in the currency to be made available to the 
designated recipient, will be reduced by fees imposed or taxes 
collected on the remittance transfer by a person other than the 
remittance transfer provider. As previously discussed, under the 2013 
Final Rule the disclosure of non-covered third-party fees and taxes 
collected on the remittance transfer by a person other than the 
provider is no longer required under Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(vi), or 
included in the calculation of the amount required to be disclosed 
under Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(vii), but instead is subject to new Sec.  
1005.31(b)(1)(viii). Consequently, the 2013 Final Rule amends Sec.  
1005.31(c)(1) to group the new Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(viii) disclosure 
requirement with the information required by Sec. Sec.  
1005.31(b)(1)(v), (vi), and (vii). The Bureau believes that this 
grouping will ensure that the sender

[[Page 30679]]

will understand that the total amount received by the designated 
recipient will be affected by these additional fees and taxes as 
applicable. In addition, the Bureau clarifies that although disclosures 
provided via mobile application or text message to the extent permitted 
by Sec.  1005.31(a)(5) generally need not comply with the grouping 
requirements, information required or permitted by Sec.  
1005.31(b)(1)(viii) must be grouped with Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(vii). The 
Bureau believes that it is important that the new disclaimers--which 
advise of potential additional fees and taxes--be grouped with the 
disclosure of the amount to be received by the designated recipient in 
order to maximize the likelihood that senders will see the disclaimers 
and read them in conjunction with the disclosures under Sec.  
1005.31(b)(1)(vii). Insofar as the Bureau is requiring that information 
required or permitted by Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(viii) be grouped with 
Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(vii) for disclosures provided via mobile 
application or text message, the Bureau is adding guidance in comment 
31(c)(1)-1 to explain that to comply with the requirement a provider 
could send multiple text messages sequentially to provide the full 
disclosure.

31(c)(2) Proximity

    To effectuate EFTA section 919(a)(3)(A), Sec.  1005.31(c)(2) of the 
2012 Final Rule also requires that certain disclosures be placed in 
close proximity to each other. The purpose of this proximity 
requirement is to prevent such disclosures from being overlooked by a 
sender. As previously discussed, under the 2013 Final Rule the 
disclosure of non-covered third-party fees and taxes collected by a 
person other than the provider is no longer required under Sec.  
1005.31(b)(1)(vi); instead, remittance transfer providers are subject 
to the new disclosure provision of Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(viii). 
Consequently, the 2013 Final Rule amends Sec.  1005.31(c) to require 
that the new Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(viii) disclaimers be in close 
proximity with the disclosure required by Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(vii) (the 
amount received by the designated recipient). Section 1005.31(c)(2) 
further notes that disclosures provided via mobile application or text 
message, to the extent permitted by Sec.  1005.31(a)(5), generally need 
not comply with the proximity requirements of Sec.  1005.31(c), except 
that information required or permitted by Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(viii) 
must follow the information required by Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(vii). The 
Bureau believes that it is important that the new disclaimers--which 
advise of potential additional fees and taxes--be grouped in close 
proximity to the disclosure of the amount to be received by the 
designated recipient. Insofar as the total amount to be received may 
not include certain items the disclosure of which is no longer 
required, the disclaimers should be placed in close proximity to, or in 
the case of disclosures provided via mobile application or text message 
follow, the disclosure required by Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(vii) in order to 
maximize the likelihood that senders will see the disclaimers and read 
them in conjunction with the amount disclosed pursuant to Sec.  
1005.31(b)(1)(vii).

31(c)(3) Prominence

    Section 1005.31(c)(3) sets forth the requirements regarding the 
prominence and size of the disclosures required under subpart B of 
Regulation E. In light of the new disclaimer required by Sec.  
1005.31(b)(1)(viii), as well as the optional disclosures under that 
paragraph, the Bureau is making conforming edits to Sec.  1005.31(c)(3) 
to note that the disclosures required or permitted by Sec.  1005.31(b) 
when provided in writing or electronically must be provided on the 
front of the page on which the disclosure is printed, in a minimum 
eight-point font, except for disclosures provided via mobile 
application or text message, and must be in equal prominence to each 
other.

Comment 31(c)(4)-2 Segregation

    Section 1005.31(c)(4) provides that written and electronic 
disclosures required by subpart B must be segregated from everything 
else and contain only information that is directly related to the 
disclosures required under subpart B. Comment 31(c)(4)-2 in the 2012 
Final Rule clarifies that, for purposes of Sec.  1005.31(c)(4), the 
following is directly related information: (i) The date and time of the 
transaction; (ii) the sender's name and contact information; (iii) the 
location at which the designated recipient may pick up the funds; (iv) 
the confirmation or other identification code; (v) a company name and 
logo; (vi) an indication that a disclosure is or is not a receipt or 
other indicia of proof of payment; (vii) a designated area for 
signatures or initials; (viii) a statement that funds may be available 
sooner, as permitted by Sec.  1005.31(b)(2)(ii); (ix) instructions 
regarding the retrieval of funds, such as the number of days the funds 
will be available to the recipient before they are returned to the 
sender; and (x) a statement that the provider makes money from foreign 
currency exchange. In light of new Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(viii) permitting 
certain optional disclosures, the Bureau is amending this list to 
clarify that the optional disclosure of non-covered third-party fees 
and taxes collected by a person other than the provider is directly 
related information.

31(f) Accurate When Payment Is Made

    Section 1005.31(f) of the 2012 Final Rule states that except as 
provided in Sec.  1005.36(b), disclosures required by this section must 
be accurate when a sender makes payment for the remittance transfer, 
except to the extent estimates are permitted by Sec.  1005.32. In light 
of the new disclaimer required by Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(viii), as well as 
the optional disclosures under that paragraph, the Bureau is making 
conforming edits to Sec.  1005.31(f) and comment 31(f)-1 to note that 
the disclosures required by Sec.  1005.31(b) or permitted by Sec.  
1005.31(b)(1)(viii) must be accurate when a sender makes payment for 
the remittance transfer, except to the extent estimates are permitted 
by Sec.  1005.32. Comment 31(f)-1 further notes that while a remittance 
transfer provider is not required to guarantee the terms of the 
remittance transfer in the disclosures required or permitted by Sec.  
1005.31(b) for any specific period of time, if any of the disclosures 
required or permitted by Sec.  1005.31(b) are not accurate when a 
sender makes payment for the remittance transfer, a provider must give 
new disclosures before accepting payment.
    The Bureau believes that extending the accuracy requirement to the 
optional disclosures regarding non-covered third party fees and taxes 
collected by persons other than the remittance transfer provider is 
necessary in order to communicate accurately to the sender how 
confident the remittance transfer provider is concerning the 
information provided. As discussed above, the Bureau believes that such 
information can be useful to senders under certain circumstances and 
hopes to encourage use of increasingly reliable information over time. 
Although the vast majority of remittance transfer providers may choose 
to disclose any numbers provided as estimates due to the various 
uncertainties with regard to foreign taxes and fees discussed above, 
the Bureau believes it is important to preserve remittance transfer 
providers' ability to compete based on disclosure of actual figures.

31(g) Foreign Language Disclosures

31(g)(1) General

    Section 1005.31(g) of the 2012 Final Rule explains that disclosures 
required

[[Page 30680]]

by the rule must be provided in English and, in certain circumstances, 
in other languages as well. Similar to the changes discussed above 
regarding Sec.  1005.31(a)(1) concerning clear and conspicuous 
disclosures, the Bureau is making conforming edits to Sec.  
1005.31(g)(1) to reflect the addition of the optional disclosures 
elsewhere in the 2013 Final Rule. While the disclosures are optional 
(see Sec. Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(viii) and 1005.33(h)(3)), the Bureau 
believes it is important that they conform to the 2013 foreign language 
disclosure requirements. Thus, the Bureau is amending Sec.  
1005.31(g)(1) to state that except as provided in Sec.  1005.31(g)(2), 
disclosures required by this subpart or permitted by Sec.  
1005.31(b)(1)(viii) or Sec.  1005.33(h)(3) must be made in English and, 
if applicable in accordance with Sec.  1005.31(g)(1)(i) and (ii).

Section 1005.32 Estimates

    Consistent with EFTA section 919, the 2012 Final Rule generally 
requires that disclosures provided to senders state the actual exchange 
rate, fees, and taxes that will apply to a remittance transfer and the 
actual amount that will be received by the designated recipient of a 
remittance transfer. Section 1005.32, as adopted in the 2012 Final 
Rule, includes only three specific exceptions to this requirement. 
First, consistent with EFTA section 919(a)(4), Sec.  1005.32(a) of the 
2012 Final Rule provides a temporary exception for certain transfers by 
insured institutions. Second, consistent with EFTA section 919(c), 
Sec.  1005.32(b)(1) provides a permanent exception for transfers to 
certain countries. Third, the 2012 Final Rule also includes an 
exception under Sec.  1005.32(b)(2) for transfers scheduled five or 
more business days before the date of the transfer. Thus, a remittance 
transfer provider is permitted to estimate exchange rates, fees, and 
taxes that are required by Sec.  1005.31 to be disclosed to the extent 
permitted in Sec.  1005.32(a) and (b). The December Proposal would have 
created additional exceptions to permit estimation with respect to 
certain recipient institution fees under proposed Sec.  1005.32(b)(4) 
and national foreign taxes under proposed Sec.  1005.32(b)(3). The 
proposed related commentary would have described the particular methods 
that could be used to estimate under these two methods. As discussed 
above, under Sec.  1005.31(d), in both cases, the provider would have 
been required to disclose that the amount was estimated pursuant to 
Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(vi) and (vii).
    Given that the 2013 Final Rule does not require the disclosure of 
non-covered third-party fees or taxes collected by a person other than 
the remittance transfer provider (see Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(vi)), the two 
proposed estimation methods are now unnecessary. As a result, the 
proposed changes to the 2012 Final Rule under Sec.  1005.32(b)(3) and 
(4) are not being adopted nor is the Bureau adopting the related 
proposed changes to the commentary. See proposed comments 32(b)(3) and 
(4).
    Instead, as described below, the Bureau is adopting a new Sec.  
1005.32(b)(3) to describe possible reasonable estimation methods that 
can be used where a remittance transfer provider elects to disclose 
non-covered third-party fees or taxes collected by a person other than 
the provider.

32(b)(3) Estimates for Non-Covered Third-Party Fees and Taxes Collected 
by a Person Other Than the Provider

    As described above, the Bureau is eliminating the requirement to 
disclose certain recipient institution fees and taxes collected on the 
remittance transfer by a person other than the provider and to include 
such amounts in the amount received, required to be disclosed under 
Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(vii) and (b)(2)(i). Nevertheless, the Bureau 
believes that where the remittance transfer provider knows or can 
reasonably estimate any applicable non-covered third-party fee or tax 
collected on the remittance transfer by a person other than the 
provider and elects to disclose one or both of such amounts, senders 
are likely to benefit from more accurate and informative disclosures. 
Consequently, Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(viii) permits a provider to disclose 
any applicable non-covered third-party fees or taxes collected on the 
remittance transfer by a person other than the provider applicable to a 
remittance transfer in conjunction with the required disclaimers.
    In order to encourage the optional disclosure of such information, 
Sec.  1005.32(b)(3) of the 2013 Final Rule permits remittance transfer 
providers latitude to estimate any applicable non-covered third-party 
fees or taxes collected on the remittance transfer by a person other 
than the provider. Such estimates may be based on reasonable sources of 
information. The Bureau acknowledges that permitting providers to 
estimate such amounts may result in providers providing disclosures 
that may not reflect the actual charge by individual recipient 
institutions or the taxes levied upon such transfers. Nonetheless, the 
Bureau believes that permitting a reasonable approximation of the 
amount of non-covered third-party fees and taxes collected on the 
remittance transfer by persons other than the remittance transfer 
provider that could be assessed based on reasonable sources would 
provide senders valuable information about the amount to be received 
while also allowing the provider sufficient flexibility to disclose 
such information.
    New comment 32(b)(3)-1 further notes that reasonable sources of 
information may include, for example: Information obtained from recent 
transfers to the same institution or the same country or region; fee 
schedules from the recipient institution; fee schedules from the 
recipient institution's competitors; surveys of recipient institution 
fees in the same country or region as the recipient institution; 
information provided or surveys of recipient institutions' regulators 
or taxing authorities; commercially or publicly available databases, 
services or sources; and information or resources developed by 
international nongovernmental organizations or intergovernmental 
organizations. The 2013 Final Rule also includes new model forms that 
provides examples of how such information may be integrated within the 
disclaimers of Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(viii). See Model Forms 30(b)-(d).

Additional Conforming Edits to Sec.  1005.32

    In addition, because of the changes made to the disclosure 
requirements under Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(vi), Sec.  1005.32(b)(2)(ii) and 
(c)(3)(i) have been amended to conform with the requirements of Sec.  
1005.31(b)(1)(vi), as amended, which requires that a party disclose 
only covered third-party fees. Conforming changes have also been made 
to comments 32(a)(1)-1, (a)(1)-2.ii, 32(a)(1)-3.ii, and 32(b)(2)-1 so 
that these comments and related headings, as finalized, use the term 
``covered third-party fees'' rather than ``other fees.''
    In Sec.  1005.32(c)(3)(ii), however, the Bureau notes that it has 
retained a reference to fees imposed by both the intermediary and the 
final recipient's institution. Although fees imposed by the recipient 
institution are generally non-covered third-party fees, under Sec.  
1005.30(h), certain recipient institution fees may qualify as covered 
third-party fees if they are imposed by an agent of the provider. See 
comment 30(h)-2.ii.
    In addition to the conforming changes related to the disclosure of 
covered third-party fees pursuant to Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(vi), 
references to taxes collected on the remittance transfer by

[[Page 30681]]

a person other than the provider in Sec.  1005.32(b)(2)(ii) and (c)(4) 
of the 2012 Final Rule have been deleted and Sec.  1005.32(c)(5) has 
been renumbered as Sec.  1005.32(c)(4). Several comments clarifying how 
to estimate these taxes have also been deleted, including comments 
32(a)(1)-2.iii, 32(a)(1)-3.iii and 32(c)(4)-1.

Section 1005.33 Procedures for Resolving Errors

    EFTA section 919(d) provides that remittance transfer providers 
shall investigate and resolve errors where a sender provides a notice 
of an error within 180 days of the promised date of delivery of a 
remittance transfer. The statute generally does not define what types 
of transfers and inquiries constitute errors, but rather gives the 
Bureau broad authority to set standards for remittance transfer 
providers with respect to error resolution relating to remittance 
transfers. The 2012 Final Rule implements such error resolution 
standards in Sec.  1005.33.
    Under Sec.  1005.33, as adopted in the 2012 Final Rule, an error 
occurs in various situations including when the remittance transfer is 
not made available to a designated recipient by the date of 
availability stated in the disclosure provided by Sec.  1005.31(b)(2) 
or (3) for the remittance transfer. Such an error may result from a 
sender's provision of an incorrect account or routing number to a 
remittance transfer provider. Industry expressed concern after the 
February Final Rule was published about the remedies available when a 
sender provides an incorrect account number to the provider. Providers 
have stated that in some cases, as a result of such errors, remittance 
transfers may be deposited into the wrong account and, despite 
reasonable efforts by the provider, cannot be recovered. Under Sec.  
1005.33(c)(2)(ii) of the 2012 Final Rule, a provider is obligated to 
resend to the designated recipient or refund to the sender the total 
amount of the remittance transfer regardless of whether it can recover 
the funds. Industry has noted that this problem is of particular 
concern with respect to transfers of large sums, particularly for 
smaller institutions that might have more difficulty bearing the loss 
of the entire transfer amount. In addition, providers have expressed 
concern that the remedy provisions of the 2012 Final Rule create a 
potential for fraud, despite an exception that excludes transfers with 
fraudulent intent from the definition of error. See Sec.  
1005.33(a)(1)(iv)(C).
    In response to these concerns, in the December Proposal the Bureau 
proposed a new exception to the definition of error in Sec.  1005.33. 
The exception set forth in proposed Sec.  1005.33(a)(1)(iv)(D) would 
have excluded from the definition of error under Sec.  
1005.33(a)(1)(iv) the sender having given the remittance transfer 
provider an incorrect account number, provided the provider met certain 
specified conditions. The Bureau also proposed several other changes to 
the error resolution procedures in Sec.  1005.33 to address questions 
of how remittance transfer providers should provide remedies to senders 
for errors that occurred because the sender provided incorrect or 
insufficient information.
    Based on comments received, the Bureau is adopting the proposed 
exception and is further revising these procedures as detailed below. 
The Bureau is also adopting conforming changes to the error resolution 
procedures to reflect revisions to the disclosure requirements 
concerning non-covered third-party fees and taxes collected on a 
remittance transfer by a person other than the provider as well as 
making several technical, non-substantive changes.

33(a) Definition of Error

33(a)(1) Types of Transfers or Inquiries Covered

    Section 1005.33(a)(1) lists the types of remittance transfers or 
inquiries that constitute ``errors'' under the 2012 Final Rule. The 
types of errors relevant to this final rule are discussed below.

33(a)(1)(iii) Incorrect Amount Received by the Designated Recipient

    Section 1005.33(a)(1)(iii), as adopted in the 2012 Final Rule, 
defines as an error the failure to make available to a designated 
recipient the amount of currency stated in the disclosure provided to 
the sender under Sec.  1005.31(b)(2) or (3) for the remittance 
transfer. The commentary to Sec.  1005.33(a)(1)(iii) explains that this 
category includes situations in which the designated recipient may 
receive an incorrect amount of currency. See comment 33(a)-2. Insofar 
as the Bureau is amending Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(vii) to exclude from the 
disclosed total to be received by the designated recipient non-covered 
third-party fees and taxes collected on a remittance transfer by a 
person other than the provider, the Bureau has adjusted the definition 
of error under Sec.  1005.33(a)(1)(iii) to reflect that change. Thus, 
as adopted in the 2013 Final Rule, Sec.  1005.33(a)(1)(iii) states that 
an error includes the failure to make available to a designated 
recipient the amount of currency disclosed pursuant to Sec.  
1005.31(b)(1)(vii) and stated in the disclosure provided to the sender 
under Sec.  1005.31(b)(2) or (3) for the remittance transfer. 
Relatedly, the Bureau is adding a new exception, in Sec.  
1005.33(a)(1)(iii)(C), which states that no error under Sec.  
1005.33(a)(1)(iii) occurs if the difference results from the 
application of non-covered third-party fees or taxes collected on the 
remittance transfer by a person other than the provider and the 
provider provided the disclosure required by Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(viii). 
The Bureau is also making conforming edits to Sec.  
1005.33(a)(1)(iii)(A) and (B) to allow for the addition of Sec.  
1005.33(a)(1)(iii)(C).
    The Bureau is also making conforming edits to the related 
commentary. In the 2013 Final Rule, the examples in comment 33(a)-3.ii 
are revised to reflect the changes discussed above regarding the 
disclosure of non-covered third-party fees and taxes collected on a 
remittance transfer by a person other than the provider. Comment 33(a)-
3.ii, as revised, discusses as an example a situation in which the 
remittance transfer provider provides the sender a receipt stating an 
amount of currency that will be received by the designated recipient, 
which does not reflect the additional foreign taxes that will be 
collected in Colombia on the transfer but includes the disclaimer 
required by Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(viii). The comment explains that 
because the designated recipient will receive less than the amount of 
currency disclosed on the receipt due solely to the additional foreign 
taxes that the provider was not required to disclose, no error has 
occurred. Comment 33(a)-3.iii, as revised, addresses a situation where 
the receipt provided by the remittance transfer provider does not 
reflect additional fees that are imposed by the receiving agent in 
Colombia on the transfer. Because the designated recipient in this 
example will receive less than the amount of currency disclosed in the 
receipt due to the additional covered third-party fees, an error under 
Sec.  1005.33(a)(1)(iii) has occurred.
    The Bureau is also adding new comment 33(a)-3.vi, which provides an 
example of a situation where a sender requests that his bank send 
US$120 to a designated recipient's account at an institution in a 
foreign country. The foreign institution is not an agent of the 
provider. Only US$100 is deposited into the designated recipient's 
account because the recipient institution imposed a US$20 incoming wire 
fee and deducted the fee from the amount deposited into the designated 
recipient's

[[Page 30682]]

account. Because this fee is a non-covered third-party fee that the 
remittance transfer provider is not required to disclose under Sec.  
1005.31(b)(1)(vi), no error has occurred if the provider provided the 
disclosure required by Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(viii).
    Separately, in the December Proposal, the Bureau proposed to make 
technical corrections to comment 33(a)-4, which, as published in the 
Federal Register as part of the February Final Rule had improperly 
cited to Sec.  1005.33(a)(1)(iv)(B) rather than to Sec.  
1005.33(a)(1)(iii)(B) and thus improperly described the relevant 
exception. The Bureau received no comments on this proposed correction, 
and it is adopted as proposed with a change to reflect the revisions 
discussed above to Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(vii).

33(a)(1)(iv) Failure To Make Funds Available by Date of Availability

33(a)(1)(iv)(D)

    Section 1005.33(a)(1)(iv) of the 2012 Final Rule defines as an 
error a remittance transfer provider's failure to make funds available 
to the designated recipient by the date of availability stated on the 
receipt or combined disclosure, subject to three listed exceptions, 
including an exception for remittance transfers made with fraudulent 
intent by the sender or a person working in concert with the sender. 
See Sec.  1005.33(a)(1)(iv)(C). Comment 33(a)-5 to the 2012 Final Rule 
elaborates on the definition of the term ``error'' under Sec.  
1005.33(a)(1)(iv) and explains that such errors under subpart B of 
Regulation E include, among other things, the late delivery of funds, 
the total non-delivery of a remittance transfer, and the delivery of 
funds to the wrong account. See comments 33(a)-5.1 and .ii. The 
commentary further notes that if only a portion of the funds are made 
available by the disclosed date of availability, then Sec.  
1005.33(a)(1)(iv) does not apply, but Sec.  1005.33(a)(1)(iii) may 
apply instead.
    As explained under comment 33(c)-2 in the 2012 Final Rule, an error 
under Sec.  1005.33(a)(1)(iv) would include situations where a 
remittance transfer provider failed to make funds in connection with a 
remittance transfer available to a designated recipient by the 
disclosed date of availability because the sender provided an incorrect 
account number to the remittance transfer provider. After issuance of 
the 2012 Final Rule, the Bureau received comments from industry that 
providers often have no means to verify designated recipients' account 
numbers for remittance transfers into foreign bank accounts. As a 
result, providers could have to bear the potentially significant costs 
of their customers' mistakes in cases in which funds were deposited in 
the wrong account and could not be recovered as a result of the 
sender's provision of an incorrect account number.
    In the December Proposal, the Bureau proposed to revise the 
definition of error in Sec.  1005.33(a)(1)(iv) by adding a fourth, 
conditional exception. Proposed Sec.  1005.33(a)(1)(iv)(D) would have 
excluded from the definition of error a failure to make funds available 
to the designated recipient by the disclosed date of availability, 
where such failure resulted from the sender having given the remittance 
transfer provider an incorrect account number, provided that the 
provider met the conditions set forth in proposed Sec.  1005.33(h). 
These proposed conditions, would have required providers to notify 
senders of the risk that their funds could be lost, to investigate 
reported errors, and to attempt to recover the missing funds. In 
addition, the exception would have been limited to situations in which 
the funds were actually deposited into the wrong account. Where these 
conditions were met, the proposed exception would not have required 
providers to bear the cost of refunding or resending transfers.
    The Bureau sought comment on the proposed exception generally and 
whether it should be limited to mistakes regarding account numbers or 
expanded to include other incorrect information provided by senders in 
connection with remittance transfers, such as routing numbers. Each of 
these is discussed below.

Exception for Senders' Mistakes Regarding Account Numbers

    Industry commenters uniformly supported the addition of the 
proposed exception to the definition of error where the error was 
caused by the sender's provision of an incorrect account number. They 
put forth a number of reasons why they favored the proposed change. In 
many respects, these comments expanded upon those received prior to the 
December Proposal.
    Industry commenters reiterated earlier concerns about the large 
potential exposure given their general inability of remittance transfer 
providers to validate the accuracy of a designated recipient's account 
number provided in connection with a wire transfers and similar types 
of open network transfers sent to accounts at banks and other 
institutions abroad. These commenters argued that providers sending 
these transfers over open networks generally have limited ability to 
cross-check account numbers with the names of accountholders prior to 
sending transfers because they often have no direct relationships with 
recipient institutions and thus no means of accessing those 
institutions' account information. Commenters further stated that as a 
result, the only way for a provider to validate such numbers may be to 
contact the recipient institution manually, which may be time-consuming 
and difficult due to language and time zone issues. Such validation 
would necessitate manual handling of remittance transfers and limit the 
ability of providers to use automated systems, which are less costly 
than manual handling of each transfer. Commenters stated their concern 
that manual validation could substantially increase costs to senders 
and delay the processing of remittance transfers. Relatedly, several 
commenters claimed that it was infeasible to expect providers to 
develop account number verification systems, automated or otherwise, 
before the effective date of the 2012 Final Rule (which was scheduled 
to take effect on February 7, 2013) due to the number of institutions 
worldwide that would need to adjust their systems used for transmitting 
wires.
    Industry commenters also reiterated concerns expressed prior to the 
issuance of the December Proposal regarding the potential for fraud if 
a sender's provision of an incorrect account number is considered an 
error under Sec.  1005.33(a)(1)(iv). As discussed in the December 
Proposal, commenters had stated that the 2012 Final Rule could enable 
fraudulent activity to flourish because, if unscrupulous senders 
provided incorrect account numbers and funds were sent to a 
coconspirator, remittance transfer providers might have to send 
transfer amounts again to another coconspirator without first 
recovering them. Commenters argued that the fraud exception in the 2012 
Final Rule--Sec.  1005.33(a)(1)(iv)(C)--is insufficient because for 
providers to use the exception would be difficult in most 
circumstances. Many industry commenters stated that providers in the 
United States typically have a limited ability to gather evidence of 
fraud from a recipient institution abroad or to mandate cooperation 
from foreign institutions with whom they have no direct relationship. 
Industry commenters also noted that even if a provider suspected fraud, 
the lack of evidence would cause providers to hesitate to accuse one of 
its own customers of fraud. Industry

[[Page 30683]]

commenters also stated that the 2012 Final Rule departed from current 
industry practice by requiring that remittance transfer providers 
resend or refund a remittance transfer even when a sender's mistake 
results in mis-delivery of funds that cannot be recovered.
    Many industry commenters expressed concern that in light of the 
significant exposure under the 2012 Final Rule's sender error 
provisions, if the Bureau did not revise the error resolution 
procedures as it proposed to do in the December Proposal, many 
remittance transfer providers would curtail their remittance transfer 
offerings such as by limiting the amount permitted per transfer, 
limiting transfers to certain trusted customers, or by exiting the 
remittance transfer business altogether.
    Industry commenters also argued that the Bureau should not have 
adopted the approach taken in the 2012 Final Rule to sender error 
because it was not mandated by statute. One of these commenters opined 
that because the Dodd-Frank Act was not specific with respect to who 
must bear the cost of a mis-directed remittance transfer, the Bureau's 
legal authority to require remittance transfer providers to bear the 
cost of mistakes made by senders was questionable.
    In contrast to comments from industry, consumer group commenters 
were divided on whether the Bureau should adopt the proposed exception 
for certain sender errors. Two consumer groups supported the proposed 
change because, they contended, the proposed rule achieved the 
appropriate allocation of risk between senders and remittance transfer 
providers and incentivized providers to minimize the occurrence of 
errors. These commenters also stated that it would be difficult for 
providers, particularly small providers, to retrieve funds sent to the 
wrong account. They further asserted that it would be difficult for 
providers, and particularly credit unions, to accuse their customers or 
members of fraud in order to avail themselves of the fraud exception in 
Sec.  1005.33(a)(1)(iv)(C). As a result, these consumer group 
commenters argued that absent the proposed revision, many providers 
might choose to exit the remittance transfer business altogether, 
resulting in a loss of access to senders.
    Other consumer groups opposed the proposed changes and urged the 
Bureau not to amend the 2012 Final Rule with respect to sender mistakes 
regarding account numbers that result in the loss of the transfer 
amount. First, some of these groups argued that the Bureau would be 
undermining the intent of Congress, which, they argued, was to motivate 
industry to change existing practices to develop more secure means of 
sending remittance transfers. By adopting the proposed exception, these 
commenters argued, the Bureau would eliminate any incentive for 
remittance transfer providers to develop enhanced security procedures. 
Relatedly, some consumer groups also argued that the existing 
definition of error in subpart A of Regulation E, specifically Sec.  
1005.11(a)(ii), already addresses the situation in which a consumer 
provides an incorrect recipient account number by creating an error for 
``incorrect'' electronic fund transfers.\8\ These commenters noted that 
insofar as Sec.  1005.11(a)(ii) is phrased in general terms and refers 
to an ``incorrect electronic fund transfer'' by its plain language it 
does not exclude incorrect information provided by a consumer (or any 
other party). Insofar as Sec.  1005.11(a)(ii) has long applied to a 
portion of remittance transfers, the commenters contended that had 
Congress intended to deny the protections of this provision to 
consumers, it would have done so more explicitly.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \8\ Section 1005.11 of subpart A of Regulation E contains error 
resolution provisions for electronic fund transfers. Section 
1005.11(a)(ii) states that a potential error under the rule is an 
``incorrect electronic fund transfer to or from the consumer's 
account.''
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Finally, some consumer group commenters suggested that the Bureau 
should not adopt the proposed exception to the definition of error, 
even if the 2012 Final Rule would result in some remittance transfer 
providers exiting the market because they are unable to implement 
adequate verification procedures today. Alternatively, these commenters 
suggested that, in order to reduce the risk of market exit, that the 
Bureau could adopt the proposed revisions, but limit the proposed 
exception to the definition of error to transfers over a certain dollar 
amount so that senders of smaller transfers would still benefit from 
the error provisions in the 2012 Final Rule.
    Upon consideration of these comments and further consideration and 
to facilitate compliance, the Bureau is finalizing Sec.  
1005.33(a)(1)(iv)(D) with several changes from the proposed provision, 
which are discussed below. As in the December Proposal, the exception 
as finalized will only apply if a remittance transfer provider can meet 
certain conditions including warnings to senders and use of reasonable 
validation methods where available. These conditions are set forth in 
Sec.  1005.33(h) and also are discussed in detail below. Where the 
exception applies, providers will not be required to bear the cost of 
refunding or resending transfers if funds ultimately cannot be 
recovered.
    As it noted in the December Proposal, the Bureau believes that this 
exception appropriately allocates risk based on remittance transfer 
providers' existing methods for sending transfers, which often do not 
allow for or facilitate verification of designated recipients' account 
numbers. The Bureau continues to believe it is important for industry 
to develop improved security procedures and expects to engage in a 
dialogue with industry about how to encourage the growth of improved 
controls and communication mechanisms. But the Bureau understands that 
industry is unlikely to be reasonably able to implement such changes in 
the near future. Subpart B of Regulation E does not regulate most 
recipient institutions, and the Bureau has concluded that individual 
providers, and particularly those sending transfers through open 
networks have limited ability to influence the practices of financial 
institutions worldwide in the short term.
    Absent such changes, the Bureau is concerned that remittance 
transfer providers will exit the market or reduce remittance offerings 
rather than risk having to bear the cost of the entire transfer amount 
where funds are deposited into the wrong account due to the sender's 
provision of an incorrect account number. The Bureau believes such an 
interim disruption would not be in consumers' best interests, and thus 
has finalized the proposed exception as discussed below. The Bureau, 
however, will continue to evaluate the development of procedures as it 
monitors providers' implementation of and compliance with the 2013 
Final Rule.
    The Bureau disagrees with those consumer group commenters that the 
2012 Final Rule should be allowed to take effect absent the proposed 
exception for sender account number mistakes, and that the Bureau 
should instead monitor whether the concerns summarized in the December 
Proposal--such as increased fraud and remittance transfer providers 
exiting the market--actually materialize. As stated above and in the 
December Proposal, the Bureau is concerned that absent the proposed 
change, some providers would severely curtail their offerings or 
withdraw from the remittance transfer business altogether, and such a 
market change could have a negative impact on senders. The Bureau also 
does not believe, as commenters suggested, that it

[[Page 30684]]

is appropriate to limit the scope of the exception to larger value 
transfers, because doing so could potentially encourage providers to 
limit senders' access to smaller value transfers. In addition, the 
Bureau does not believe it appropriate to engage in line drawing or to 
provide differential protections in this circumstance. Furthermore, the 
Bureau disagrees that the proposed exception would harm senders in that 
the exception in many ways maintains the status quo insofar as the 
Bureau believes that, today, senders typically bear the loss when their 
mistake leads to a mis-deposit. Nor does the Bureau believe that the 
problem of senders losing the transfer amount is particularly 
widespread today; insofar as the status quo is maintained, the Bureau 
does not expect this to change. The Bureau's outreach confirmed that in 
most cases where there is a problem in the transmission of a remittance 
transfer, the provider is able to retrieve the funds or have them 
routed properly.
    With regard to commenters' arguments about the Bureau's statutory 
authority, the Bureau disagrees both with industry participant and 
consumer group arguments that the EFTA or section 1073 of the Dodd-
Frank Act specifies which party must bear the cost of a sender's 
mistake with respect to remittance transfer. Rather, EFTA section 919 
gives the Bureau broad discretion to set standards for remittance 
transfer providers with respect to error resolution, including to 
define errors, and does not mandate a specific result with regard to 
which party should bear the risk of loss under any particular 
circumstances. Nor does the Bureau believe that the definition of error 
in subpart A of Regulation E, which does not apply to all remittance 
transfers, precludes the Bureau from adopting more specifically 
tailored error resolutions, and corresponding definitions, applicable 
to all remittance transfers under subpart B of Regulation E. See also 
Sec.  1005.33(f). Accordingly, the Bureau has adopted the proposed 
exception for sender account number mistakes subject to specific 
conditions discussed below.

The Scope of the Sender Error Exception

    As noted above the Bureau also sought comment on the scope of the 
proposed exception to the definition of error under Sec.  
1005.33(a)(1)(iv) and whether it should apply to incorrect information 
provided by senders in addition to designated recipients' account 
numbers and, in particular, whether the proposed exception should apply 
in cases in which senders make mistakes regarding routing numbers or 
similar institution identifiers in addition to mistakes regarding 
account numbers.
    In response, many industry commenters suggested that the proposed 
exception be expanded to refer to sender mistakes regarding any 
information provided by a sender in connection with a remittance 
transfer rather than just mistaken account numbers, as proposed. Other 
commenters listed specific types of incorrect information that should 
be addressed by the exception to Sec.  1005.33(a)(1)(iv), such as: 
Routing numbers, Business Identifier Codes (BICs), Society for 
Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication codes (SWIFT codes), 
International Bank Account Numbers (IBANs), local bank codes, prepaid, 
debit or credit card account numbers, recipient institutions' names, 
designated recipients' names, escrow account numbers, currencies in 
which transfers will be received, incomplete wire instructions, and 
recipients' email addresses, phone numbers, and addresses. Commenters 
offered different reasons as to why the proposed exception should be 
expanded to include sender mistakes regarding each suggested type of 
information. In addition to considering these comments, the Bureau 
conducted additional outreach to understand the nature of errors 
related to the suggested types of information and why remittance 
transfer providers thought they should be included in any exception to 
an error under Sec.  1005.33(a)(1)(iv) in the 2012 Final Rule.
    Many of the industry commenters that urged that the proposed 
exception should be extended to all mistakes made by senders argued, as 
noted above, that there is no statutory basis to make remittance 
transfer providers bear the cost of all senders' mistakes. Relatedly, 
one commenter argued that no other consumer finance statute protects 
consumers from their own errors and that there is a distinction between 
allocating risk to a provider for mistakes by third parties, or where 
fault cannot be determined, and requiring providers to bear the cost of 
senders' mistakes.
    As for the specific types of information provided by senders, 
nearly all industry commenters and some consumer group commenters 
favored expanding the proposed exception to apply to sender mistakes 
regarding routing numbers and other recipient institution identifiers. 
Commenters explained that for many remittance transfers into accounts, 
remittance transfer providers request, in addition to the number of the 
designated recipient's account, an alphanumeric identifier of the 
recipient institution, similar to the routing numbers used to identify 
depository institutions in the United States.\9\ Providers, and any 
other intermediaries involved in the transfer, then use this identifier 
to determine the institution to which the transfer should be sent. 
Commenters further explained that, in many cases, a sender's mistake 
regarding the identifier of a bank could pose a similar problem for a 
provider as an incorrect account number. The commenters stated that, 
like account numbers, many providers lack the ability to verify the 
accuracy of alphanumerical identifiers related to recipient 
institutions that are provided by senders. If a recipient institution 
identifier is incorrect and the provider does not match it with an 
institution name, funds could conceivably be mis-deposited if the 
institution represented by the incorrect routing number has an account 
matching the number provided by the sender.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \9\ For example, in order to route a wire transfer to a foreign 
bank, a bank in the United States may require that the sender 
provide the name of the designated recipient and the recipient's 
institution as well as the BIC for the recipient's institution, and 
the recipient's account number.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    In addition to sender mistakes regarding account numbers and 
recipient institution identifiers, several commenters asked that the 
Bureau exclude from the definition of error under Sec.  
1005.33(a)(1)(iv) senders' mistakes regarding correspondent routing 
instructions (i.e., if the sender suggests that the remittance transfer 
provider send the transfer through a particular correspondent that is 
unable to complete the transfer). Several commenters stated that 
generally this sort of mistake generally would lead to a delay of a 
transfer and not its mis-deposit into the wrong account.
    Finally, several industry commenters argued that the proposed 
exception should be expanded to apply to senders' mistakes regarding 
designated recipients' names and information that the designated 
recipient themselves might need to apply the proceeds of remittance 
transfers after receipt. For example, a trade association commenter 
asked that the Bureau expand the proposed exception to include sender 
mistakes about additional information a designated recipient needs to 
process a transfer it receives. The commenter stated that if, for 
example, the designated recipient is an insurer, it might need the 
designated recipient's policy number to process the funds received. 
Similarly, one commenter stated that if a designated recipient is a 
property lessor, the lessor might need an identifying apartment number 
in order

[[Page 30685]]

to process a transfer that is a rent payment.
    After careful consideration of the comments received and upon 
further consideration, the Bureau is expanding the exception to the 
definition of error in Sec.  1005.33(a)(1)(iv)(D) to include situations 
where a sender has provided an incorrect recipient institution 
identifier in addition to situations where a sender provides an 
incorrect account number, as long as the error results in a mis-deposit 
of the funds and that the remittance transfer provider meets the 
conditions set forth in Sec.  1005.33(h). As discussed below, the 2013 
Final Rule includes as one such condition, that the provider use 
reasonably available means to verify the recipient institution 
identifier provided by the sender. See Sec.  1005.33(h)(2).
    Based on its monitoring of the remittance market, review of comment 
letters, and other outreach, the Bureau believes that situations in 
which an incorrect recipient institution identifier could result in a 
transfer being deposited into the wrong account are exceedingly rare 
but not unheard of. More typically, the Bureau understands, a mistaken 
identifier will result in a transfer that is returned to the remittance 
transfer provider because either the identifier does not match any 
institution or the account number does not match an account at the 
institution to which the transfer is mistakenly directed. Nevertheless, 
the Bureau is expanding the exception in the 2013 Final Rule beyond 
what was proposed because, upon further consideration, it believes that 
it is appropriate to treat mistakes in recipient institution 
identifiers similarly to mistakes in account numbers. The two types of 
identifiers are similar in purpose and, in some cases, are combined 
into one. In addition, these identifiers may not be easily verifiable 
by providers sending remittance transfers over an open network and are 
used in straight-through, automated processing of transfers. 
Additionally, although less likely than as with respect to account 
numbers, under the 2012 Final Rule an unscrupulous sender could 
potentially provide an incorrect routing number to perpetrate a fraud 
with a coconspirator abroad.
    Contrary to requests by commenters that the Bureau extend the 
proposed exception for sender mistakes regarding account numbers to 
mistakes regarding all types of information, the Bureau is limiting the 
exception in Sec.  1005.33(a)(1)(iv)(D) to sender mistakes regarding 
account numbers and recipient institution identifiers because it does 
not believe it is appropriate to extend the exception to all mistakes a 
sender might make in connection with a remittance transfer for several 
reasons. While the chance of mis-deposit is limited for all sender 
mistakes, the Bureau believes there is a greater risk for mistakes 
regarding account numbers and recipient institution identifiers. 
However, for most other types of sender mistakes identified by 
commenters, such as mistakes regarding the recipient's address or wire 
instructions, the Bureau does not believe that the incorrect 
information would usually result in a mis-deposit of a remittance 
transfer. Instead, the Bureau believes that these mistakes will at most 
result in a delay of delivery or in non-delivery of the remittance 
transfer. In situations where the recipient institution identifies a 
customer with the same name as the designated recipient but is unable 
to match that customer's name to the provided account number, the 
Bureau believes that the recipient institution will generally be unable 
to apply the funds and that the transfer will be returned or otherwise 
delayed but that the funds will not be mis-deposited.
    The Bureau does not believe that it is warranted to extend the 
exception to those sender mistakes that are likely to result only in 
either a delay or a return of the transfer to the remittance transfer 
provider, and not the loss of funds, because the cost to the provider 
of delay or non-delivery differs markedly from the cost of lost 
transfers. Under the 2012 Final Rule, when a transfer is delayed or 
returned to the provider, the provider must refund its fee to the 
sender. See Sec.  1005.33(c)(2)(ii). Additionally, when the transfer is 
returned to the provider, the sender can request that the transfer be 
resent at no charge (although third-party fees may be imposed on the 
resend) or have the transfer amount refunded. See Sec.  
1005.33(c)(2)(ii). The cost to the provider in these circumstances 
differs markedly from the cost to the provider under the 2012 Final 
Rule for a transfer that is mis-deposited into the wrong account and 
cannot be retrieved. When a mis-deposit occurs, absent an exception, 
the provider may have to resend or refund the entire transfer amount if 
the transfer could not be retrieved from the wrong account rather than 
merely refund its fee or send a transfer at no cost. See Sec.  
1005.33(c)(2)(ii) and comment 33(c)-2 in the 2012 Final Rule. Thus, for 
mis-deposited transfers, the fact that the provider is potentially at 
risk of having to absorb a loss of principal is far higher than for 
other types of errors and thus is far more likely to lead to a 
significant curtailment of services. Furthermore, the Bureau believes 
that, in many respects, the remedy under the 2012 Final Rule for non-
delivery is similar to many providers' existing practices in that they 
now resend funds at no charge with the corrected information. 
Therefore, to maintain as an error sender mistakes that merely result 
in delay or non-delivery of the remittance transfer as part of this 
final rule would not require a significant adjustment for those 
providers. Finally, the 2012 Final Rule already allows providers a 
mechanism to manage uncertainty regarding the date of delivery of 
funds. See Sec.  1005.31(b)(2)(ii) and comment 32(b)(2)-1 (interpreting 
Sec.  1005.31(b)(2)(ii) to allow a provider to disclose the ``latest 
date on which funds will be available'').
    Several industry commenters suggested that the Bureau should make 
senders, rather than providers, bear the costs of their own mistakes 
because no other consumer protection regimes makes the regulated 
entities bear the costs of consumers' mistakes. The Bureau does not 
think it is necessary or appropriate that the remittances rules' remedy 
provisions match perfectly those in other consumer protection regimes, 
given the unique statutory structure and nature of the transactions at 
issue. The Bureau is maintaining the 2012 Final Rule's error provisions 
regarding sender mistakes other than those covered by the exception in 
Sec.  1005.33(a)(1)(iv)(D), because it believes providers are generally 
in the best position to institute systems to limit their occurrence and 
to work with other industry participants to resolve particular mistakes 
in transmissions.
    With respect to those mistakes that are likely to result only in a 
delay or non-delivery of a remittance transfer (e.g., mistakes other 
than those regarding account number or the recipient institution 
identifier), the Bureau believes that retaining the current rule, which 
does not include an exception for such mistakes, strikes the 
appropriate balance been protecting senders and encouraging providers 
to limit the incidence of such errors without exposing providers to the 
risk of loss of the transfer amount. With respect to those sender 
mistakes that make it impossible for the recipient (as opposed to the 
recipient institution) to know how to use the funds received (e.g., an 
apartment number to apply a rent payment), the Bureau does not believe 
that such mistakes would give rise to an error under Sec.  
1005.33(a)(1)(iv). This is true because the 2013 Final Rule only does 
not define as an error the inability of the designated recipient to

[[Page 30686]]

timely apply the funds for a particular purpose once a transfer is 
received.
    The Bureau also does not believe that a sender's provision of an 
incorrect name would result in an error under the 2013 Final Rule, and 
thus a sender's provision of an incorrect name need not be included in 
the exception from the term error under Sec.  1005.33(a)(1)(iv)(D). As 
defined under Sec.  1005.30(c), a designated recipient is ``any person 
specified by the sender as the authorized recipient of a remittance 
transfer to be received at a foreign country.'' As noted above, comment 
30(c)-1 in the 2012 Final Rule stated that a designated recipient can 
be either a natural person or an organization, such as a corporation. 
The Bureau is further clarifying this comment in the 2013 Final Rule to 
explain that the designated recipient is identified by the name of the 
person provided by the sender to the remittance transfer provider and 
disclosed by the provider to the sender pursuant to Sec.  
1005.31(b)(1)(iii). See comment 30(c)-1. Thus, assume for example that 
a sender tells a remittance transfer provider to send a transfer to 
``Jane Doe'' at a foreign bank, the provider discloses ``Jane Doe'' 
pursuant to Sec.  1005.31(b)(2)(iii), and the transfer is timely 
deposited by that bank into Jane Doe's account. If the sender later 
asserts that an error occurred because the sender in fact intended the 
transfer to be sent to ``John Doe'' but had not communicated that to 
the provider, no error has occurred under the final rule because ``Jane 
Doe'' was the name of the designated recipient stated on the receipt 
provided to the sender.
    In some cases, however, a sender's name can result in an error. If, 
for example, the recipient institution could not deliver the remittance 
transfer described above because no one named ``Jane Doe'' had an 
account at the recipient institution, or more than one person named 
``Jane Doe'' had an account at that institution such that the funds 
could not be applied, the transfer would be delayed or rejected 
resulting in an error because the sender provided incorrect or 
insufficient information. Insofar as this would not lead to the deposit 
of the transfer in the wrong account, the Bureau is not inclined to 
include these mistakes in the exception.
    Commenters also urged the Bureau to include in the exception to 
Sec.  1005.33(a)(1)(iv) to mistakes regarding mobile phone numbers, 
email addresses, and debit, credit and prepaid card numbers, arguing 
that these additional categories of identifiers warrant the same 
treatment as those covered by proposed Sec.  1005.33(a)(1)(iv)(D). 
Commenters supporting expansion of the exception to include these 
identifiers generally put forth the same reasons as those discussed 
above regarding account numbers and recipient institution identifiers. 
These commenters generally did not address the practical differences 
between transfers sent between bank accounts and those sent to other 
types of accounts.
    The Bureau does not think it appropriate to extend the exception to 
Sec.  1005.33(a)(1)(iv)(D) to these sorts of identifiers for several 
reasons. First, Sec.  1005.31(b)(2)(iii) requires that a remittance 
transfer provider disclose the name of the designated recipient to the 
sender and comment 30(c)-1 now clarifies that the designated recipient 
is identified by the name of the person stated on the disclosure 
provided pursuant to Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(iii) regardless of what other 
identifying information that the sender may also have provided to the 
provider. Insofar as a provider must disclose the name of the 
designated recipient on the receipt provided to the sender, the 
provider is not permitted to process a remittance transfer under the 
2013 Final Rule by only disclosing a non-name identifier, such as a 
card number, email address, or mobile number. To the extent providers 
currently send transfers without disclosing a name to the sender, they 
will not be able to continue doing so once the 2013 Final Rule takes 
effect.
    Second, the Bureau believes that in the current market, only a 
small number of providers send remittance transfers to designated 
recipients who are identified by mobile phone numbers, email addresses, 
and debit, credit and prepaid card numbers. These providers are often 
conducting transfers between two of their own customers through a 
closed network, and thus are in position to verify designated 
recipients' identities. In other words, for transfers conducted through 
these closed-networks, both the sender and recipient will have agreed 
to sign on to the provider's network in order to send or receive funds. 
The Bureau understands that, today, a number of the providers using 
these identifiers may not verify that the identifier matches the name 
of the designated recipient in every instance. However, the Bureau 
believes that unlike providers using account numbers to identify 
designated recipients in transfers through the open network system, 
these providers have a reasonable ability to implement security 
measures in order to limit the possibility that senders make mistakes 
regarding designated recipients' mobile phone numbers, email addresses, 
and debit, credit and prepaid card numbers. These measures might 
include confirmation codes, test transactions, or other methods to 
prevent transfers from being sent to the wrong person.
    Third, the Bureau believes that the systems are still limited and 
nascent for transfers in which the mobile phone numbers, email 
addresses, and debit, credit and prepaid card numbers are used to 
identify designated recipients and the transfer is not sent entirely 
over the remittance transfer provider's own network. As these systems 
grow, the Bureau expects that providers can proactively design systems 
in such a way as to allow for the development of better verification 
protocols. If, in the future, providers intend to develop new systems 
to allow transfers using only names and mobile phone numbers to 
identify designated recipients, for example, the Bureau believes that 
such systems should be designed to verify that the provided names and 
numbers match before recipients can receive transfers. The Bureau does 
not believe that such methods can be implemented for most transfers 
sent to bank accounts. As described above, such transfers are generally 
sent as wire transfers, through an open network system.
    As noted, the Bureau has limited the exception in Sec.  
1005.33(a)(1)(iv)(D) to account numbers and recipient institution 
identifiers in order to encourage the growth of improved controls and 
communication mechanisms that may generally limit the possibility of 
other errors in the transmission of remittance transfers. Furthermore, 
the Bureau intends to monitor closely industry's ability to verify 
account numbers and recipient institution identifiers and will consider 
modifying this exception if it thinks such verification methods become 
reasonably available and are able to prevent most errors from 
occurring.

Comment 33(a)-7

    In the December Proposal, the Bureau proposed comment 33(a)-7 to 
explain further when the proposed exception in Sec.  
1005.33(a)(1)(iv)(D) would apply. The Bureau received no comments on 
this proposed comment and it is adopted with minor clarifying changes 
in light of the conditions in Sec.  1005.33(h) in the 2013 Final Rule, 
which are discussed further below. Comment 33(a)-7 in the 2013 Final 
Rule now states that the exception in Sec.  1005.33(a)(1)(iv)(D) 
applies where a sender gives the remittance transfer provider an 
incorrect account number or recipient institution identifier and all 
five conditions in Sec.  1005.33(h) are satisfied. The exception does 
not apply, however, where the

[[Page 30687]]

failure to make funds available is the result of a mistake by a 
provider or a third party or due to incorrect or insufficient 
information provided by the sender other than an incorrect account 
number or recipient institution identifier, such as an incorrect name 
of the recipient institution.

Comments 33(a)-8 and 33(a)-9

    To clarify what the Bureau means by account number and recipient 
institution identifier, the Bureau is also adopting new comment 33(a)-
8. Comment 33(a)-8 states that, for purposes of the exception in Sec.  
1005.33(a)(1)(iv)(D), the terms account number and recipient 
institution identifier refer to alphanumerical account or institution 
identifiers other than names or addresses, such as account numbers, 
routing numbers, Canadian transit numbers, ISO 9362 or 13616 codes 
(including International Bank Account Numbers (IBANs) and Business 
Identifier Codes (BICs)) and other similar account or institution 
identifiers. In addition, for purposes of this exception, the term 
designated recipient's account refers only to an account held in the 
recipient's name at a bank, credit union, or equivalent institution 
that maintains savings or checking accounts or accounts used for the 
purchase or sale of securities. An account for purposes of this 
definition is not limited to accounts held by consumers. For the 
reasons discussed above, the comment states that the term does not, 
however, refer to a credit card, prepaid card, or a virtual account 
held by an Internet-based or mobile phone company that is not a bank, 
credit union, or equivalent institution.
    The Bureau proposed to renumber comment 33(a)-7 in the 2012 Final 
Rule as comment 33)(a)-8. Due to the addition of both comments 33(a)-7 
and -8 in the 2013 Final Rule, this comment will be renumbered as 
comment 33(a)-9 but is otherwise unchanged from the 2012 Final Rule.

33(a)(2) Types of Inquiries and Transfers Not Covered

    Section 1005.33(a)(2) and the accompanying commentary address 
circumstances that do not constitute errors under the 2012 Final Rule. 
Section 1005.33(a)(2)(iv) provides that an error does not include a 
change in the amount or type of currency stated in the disclosure 
provided to the sender under Sec.  1005.31(b)(2) or (3), if the 
remittance transfer provider relied on information provided by the 
sender as permitted by the commentary accompanying Sec.  1005.31 in 
making such disclosure. Comment 33(a)-8 of the 2012 Final Rule provides 
two illustrative examples.
    The December Proposal would have made revisions to Sec.  
1005.33(a)(2)(iv) in accordance with the proposed revisions to 
Sec. Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(vi) and (vii) and the accompanying commentary 
to make clear that an error does not include a change in the amount of 
currency received by the designated recipient from the amount disclosed 
because the remittance transfer provider did not disclose foreign taxes 
other than those imposed by a central government. This proposed change 
would have been consistent with the proposed elimination of the 
requirement to disclose subnational taxes pursuant to proposed Sec.  
1005.31(b)(1)(vi). Insofar as the Bureau is not adopting this part of 
the proposal these proposed changes to Sec.  1005.33(a)(1)(iii) are not 
being adopted in the 2013 Final Rule.
    The Bureau also proposed revisions to renumber and revise comment 
33(a)-8 in the 2012 Final Rule in light of the revisions proposed to 
Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(vi) and (vii) to explain that a remittance transfer 
provider need not disclose regional, provincial, state or other local 
foreign taxes. Proposed comment 33(a)-9 would have revised the comment 
to explain that a provider need not disclose regional, provincial, 
state or other local foreign taxes. The proposed revisions also would 
have made clear that where, under the proposal, a provider was 
permitted to rely on a sender's representations, no error would have 
occurred. As proposed, comment 33(a)-9 would additionally have 
explained that any discrepancy between the amount disclosed and the 
actual amount received resulting from the provider's reliance upon the 
proposed provision that would not have required the disclosure of 
subnational taxes would not constitute an error under Sec.  
1005.33(a)(2)(iv). Insofar as the Bureau is not adopting the proposed 
changes regarding subnational taxes, the proposed revisions to the 
comment are no longer relevant and are not being adopted. The Bureau 
is, however, removing language from comment 33(a)-8 that referred to a 
provider's reliance on the sender's representations regarding variables 
that affect the amount of taxes imposed by a person other than the 
provider because such taxes are no longer required to be disclosed. The 
comment is finalized as comment 33(a)-10. In the 2013 Final Rule 
comment 33(a)-10 states that under the commentary accompanying Sec.  
1005.31, the remittance transfer provider may rely on the sender's 
representations in making certain disclosures. See, e.g., comments 
31(b)(1)(iv)-1 and 31(b)(1)(vi)-1. For example, suppose a sender 
requests U.S. dollars to be deposited into an account of the designated 
recipient and represents that the account is U.S. dollar-denominated. 
If the designated recipient's account is actually denominated in local 
currency and the recipient account-holding institution must convert the 
remittance transfer into local currency in order to deposit the funds 
and complete the transfer, the change in currency does not constitute 
an error pursuant to Sec.  1005.33(a)(2)(iv).

33(c) Time Limits and Extent of Investigation

33(c)(2) Remedies

    Section 1005.33(c)(2) of the 2012 Final Rule implements EFTA 
section 919(d)(1)(B) and establishes procedures and remedies for 
correcting an error under the rule. In particular, where there has been 
an error under Sec.  1005.33(a)(1)(iv) for failure to make funds 
available to a designated recipient by the disclosed date of 
availability, Sec.  1005.33(c)(2)(ii) of the 2012 Final Rule permits a 
sender to choose either to: (1) Obtain a refund of the amount tendered 
in connection with the remittance that was not properly transmitted, or 
an amount appropriate to resolve the error; or (2) have the remittance 
transfer provider resend to the designated recipient the amount 
appropriate to resolve the error, at no additional cost to the sender 
or designated recipient. See Sec.  1005.33(c)(2)(ii)(A). However, if 
the error resulted from the sender having provided incorrect or 
insufficient information, Sec.  1005.33(c)(2)(ii)(A)(2) permits third-
party fees to be imposed for resending the remittance transfer with the 
corrected information although the provider may not charge its own fee 
again. In addition, comment 33(c)-2 explains that Sec.  1005.33(c)(2) 
requires a remittance transfer provider to resend a transfer at the 
exchange rate it is using on the date of resend if funds were not 
already exchanged in the first unsuccessful remittance transfer 
attempt. Comment 33(c)-2 in the 2012 Final Rule also explains that the 
provider was required to disclose this new exchange rate to senders in 
accordance with Sec.  1005.31.
    The December Proposal would have allowed for additional flexibility 
in providing the required disclosures when funds are resent following 
errors that occurred because the sender provided incorrect or 
insufficient information. The December Proposal was intended to address 
concerns expressed by industry participants that the approach taken in

[[Page 30688]]

the 2012 Final Rule created certain operational tensions between the 
timing and accuracy provisions in Sec.  1005.31(e) and (f), as 
referenced in comments 33(c)-2, 33(c)-3, and 33(c)-4, which together 
did not allow a remittance transfer provider to resend a transfer in 
some circumstances without contacting the sender because the sender 
either previously requested that the transfer be resent or the provider 
is employing its default remedy, which is to resend the transfer.
    To reduce this tension, the December Proposal would have created a 
new Sec.  1005.33(c)(3), revised comment 33(c)-2 and added a new 
comment 33(c)-11. Proposed Sec.  1005.33(c)(3) would have provided new 
remedy procedures for errors that occurred pursuant to Sec.  
1005.33(a)(1)(iv) where a sender provides incorrect or insufficient 
information. These proposed procedures would have allowed remittance 
transfer providers to provide oral, streamlined disclosures. The 
proposed commentary would have made clear that providers need not treat 
resends of remittance transfers as entirely new remittance transfers. 
Under proposed Sec.  1005.33(c)(3)(i), a provider would have been able 
to set a future date of transfer and to disclose an estimated exchange 
rate pursuant to Sec.  1005.32(b)(2) if the provider did not make 
direct contact with the sender. If a provider had disclosed an 
estimated exchange rate under proposed Sec.  1005.33(c)(3)(i), the rule 
would have required the sender to disclose the cancellation period 
pursuant to Sec.  1005.36(c), as well as the date the provider will 
complete the resend, using the term ``Transfer Date'' or a 
substantially similar term. A sender would have been allowed to cancel 
the resend up to three business days before the date of transfer. In 
the alternative, proposed Sec.  1005.33(c)(3)(ii) would have required a 
provider that made direct contact with the sender to disclose and apply 
the exchange rate used for remittance transfers on the date of resend, 
rather than providing an estimate.
    Under Sec.  1005.33(c)(2)(ii)(A)(2) of the 2012 Final Rule, a 
remittance transfer provider could impose third-party fees, but not 
include taxes, for resending the remittance transfer when an error 
occurred because the sender provided incorrect or insufficient 
information. Separately, the 2012 Final Rule did not state expressly 
whether a provider should be permitted to deduct third-party fees 
imposed or taxes collected on a remittance transfer when a transfer is 
returned from an institution abroad, following a failed delivery, to 
the provider before being resent or refunded. In the December Proposal, 
the Bureau also sought comment on whether the provider should be 
permitted to impose taxes incurred when resending funds or, more 
generally, whether other remedies were appropriate with respect to fees 
and taxes.
    With respect to the appropriate remedy for errors that occurred 
because a sender provided incorrect or insufficient information, 
industry commenters generally stated that they appreciated the Bureau's 
attempt to revise the resend procedures in the 2012 Final Rule. 
However, those who commented on this issue stated that the Bureau's 
proposed approach was too complicated because proposed Sec.  
1005.33(c)(3) required disclosures with distinct content, timing and 
accuracy requirements that did not necessarily apply to other 
disclosures required by the 2012 Final Rule, particularly if the 
provider was not otherwise providing the disclosures unique to transfer 
scheduled before the date of transfer. See Sec.  1005.36(a). As a 
result, these commenters contended that the new requirements would 
necessitate the development of additional disclosures, systems changes, 
and additional employee training. Commenters asserted that proposed 
Sec.  1005.33(c)(3) would be difficult, costly, and time-consuming to 
implement and that they had concerns about the compliance costs and 
operation challenges posed by this part of the December Proposal. 
Instead, several industry trade association commenters suggested an 
alternative approach, under which a remittance transfer provider would 
provide notice that the sender provided incorrect or insufficient 
information in connection with a remittance transfer, that funds had 
been credited (at the current exchange rate) to the sender's account, 
and that the sender should notify the provider if the sender wished to 
initiate a new remittance transfer. Commenters argued that this 
approach would simplify the remedy in situations where an error occurs 
due a sender's mistake.
    Commenters further suggested that the Bureau should not allow a 
sender to designate a resend remedy prior to the remittance transfer 
provider's investigation of the error, permitted under Sec.  
1005.33(c)(2) as explained by comment 33(c)-2. Instead, regardless of 
the sender's prior remedy election, the commenters advocated requiring 
the sender to elect affirmatively to resend funds after the provider 
completed its investigation and the sender received notice of that 
investigation and the related refund.
    As for the amount appropriate to refund or resend, industry 
commenters generally urged the Bureau to revise the 2012 Final Rule so 
that remittance transfer providers are permitted to deduct from the 
amount refunded or resent the fees imposed or taxes collected on the 
first unsuccessful transfer by a party other than the provider both 
when the transfer was initially sent and when it was returned to the 
provider. These commenters contended that it was unfair that providers 
would also have to refund to senders any amounts actually deducted from 
the transfer amount when a mis-delivered transfer is returned to the 
provider (i.e., lifting fees and taxes deducted from the transfer 
amount in the process of returning the funds to the provider in the 
United States after the failed delivery of the initial transaction).
    Based on comments received and upon further consideration, the 
Bureau adopts new Sec.  1005.33(c)(2)(iii), which states that in the 
case of an error under Sec.  1005.33(a)(1)(iv) that occurred because 
the sender provided incorrect or insufficient information in connection 
with the remittance transfer, the remittance transfer provider shall 
refund to the sender the amount of funds provided by the sender in 
connection with the remittance transfer that was not properly 
transmitted, or the amount appropriate to resolve the error, within 
three business days of providing the report required by Sec.  
1005.33(c)(1) or (d)(1) except that the provider may agree to the 
sender's request, upon receiving the results of the error 
investigation, that the funds be applied towards a new remittance 
transfer, rather than be refunded, if the provider has not yet 
processed a refund. The provider may deduct from the amount refunded or 
applied towards a new transfer any fees actually imposed on or, to the 
extent not prohibited by law, taxes actually collected on the 
remittance transfer as part of the first unsuccessful remittance 
transfer attempt.
    The Bureau is adopting this approach because it has concluded that 
for the small number of transactions to which these provisions would 
likely apply, the Bureau's proposed alternative to the 2012 Final 
Rule's approach could be complicated for remittance transfer providers 
to implement. The Bureau is adopting the revised provision in Sec.  
1005.33(c)(2)(iii) rather than in Sec.  1005.33(c)(3), as originally 
proposed, because the Bureau believes it more appropriate to put all 
remedies for errors arising under Sec.  1005.33(a)(1)(iv) under 
subsection Sec.  1005.33(c)(2). Accordingly, the Bureau is revising 
Sec. Sec.  1005.33(c)(2) and (c)(2)(ii) to make

[[Page 30689]]

clear that these provisions only apply when an error did not occur 
because the sender provided incorrect or insufficient information. 
Similarly, the Bureau is also revising Sec. Sec.  1005.33(c)(2)(A)(2) 
and (c)(2)(B) to remove references to situations in which an error 
occurred because the sender provided incorrect or insufficient 
information. The provision that was Sec.  1005.33(c)(2)(iii) in the 
2012 Final Rule is finalized as Sec.  1005.33(c)(2)(iv) with no 
substantive changes.
    Specifically, the Bureau is adopting this new approach because of 
the challenges associated with both resending a transfer at a new 
exchange rate and timely disclosing such rate to the sender. The Bureau 
is convinced by commenters' assertions that the Bureau's attempts to 
make disclosures more streamlined and reduce the number of paper 
disclosures provided could potentially increase the cost of compliance 
for remittance transfer providers, by necessitating changes in 
disclosures and procedures. Furthermore, the Bureau believes that the 
new Sec.  1005.33(c)(2)(iii) will preserve the 2012 Final Rule's 
protections for senders in event of a resend that follows an error that 
occurred due to a sender's mistake.
    Although commenters suggested that an alternative where funds could 
be credited instantly to a sender's account, not all remittance 
transfers are made from an account. In some cases, a sender may not 
receive notice immediately or the sender would have to wait to resend 
funds until receiving the refund check. See comment 33(c)-6. As 
adopted, under Sec.  1005.33(c)(2)(iii) in the 2013 Final Rule, in 
situations where a sender wants to resend the transfer, the sender 
would have to make a request to the remittance transfer provider after 
receipt of the error investigation report and the provider would treat 
the remittance transfer as a new remittance transfer request subject to 
the same disclosures and other procedures as any other new transfer 
requested. The transaction would be subject to applicable fees and 
taxes and processed at the exchange rate in effect at the time the 
sender authorizes the new transfer.
    Additionally, the Bureau agrees with commenters that it is not 
appropriate, in situations where funds are returned because of a 
sender's mistake, for the remittance transfer provider to have to bear 
the cost of fees imposed by third parties and taxes that have been 
collected in connection with the unsuccessful remittance transfer and, 
if applicable, when the undelivered funds are returned to the provider.
    Finally, although the Bureau had also sought comment on the 
exchange rate that should apply when transfers are resent following an 
error that occurred because the sender provided incorrect or 
insufficient information, that issue is largely moot insofar as the 
2013 Final Rule requires these transactions to be treated as new 
remittance transfers. As explained by comment 33(c)-2 in the 2012 Final 
Rule, if a remittance transfer was to be resent because an error 
occurred following a sender's mistake, the original exchange rate 
applied to the resend of the transfer. Thus, the recipient would have 
received the same amount and type of currency that the sender had 
provided to fund the transfer. Industry commenters generally had argued 
that a sender should not benefit from an exchange rate that has changed 
in the sender's favor due to an error that occurred because of the 
sender's mistake and thus the same exchange rate that applied to the 
original transfer should apply to the resent transfer. Insofar as the 
Bureau is revising the remedy in the 2013 Final Rule for errors that 
occurred because of a sender's mistake, if a sender chooses to resend a 
remittance transfer under the revised rule and the remittance transfer 
provider agrees, the remittance transfer will be treated as a new 
remittance transfer, and thus the exchange rate used for transfers on 
the date of resend will necessarily apply to it. Insofar as providers 
are concerned with the exchange rate used when funds are refunded to 
the sender in the original currency, the Bureau believes it appropriate 
to maintain the originally disclosed exchange rate insofar as the 
refund should put the parties in the same position they were in prior 
to the transfer, less the taxes and fees that the provider may deduct.

Revisions to the Official Interpretations of Sec.  1005.33(c)(2)

    As noted above, in the December Proposal, the Bureau proposed to 
modify comment 33(c)-2 to eliminate a phrase stating that requests to 
resend (following an error that occurred because the sender provided 
incorrect or insufficient information) are considered requests for 
remittance transfers. Relatedly, proposed comment 33(c)-11 would have 
clarified how to provide the disclosures required by proposed Sec.  
1005.33(c)(3). Insofar as resends, as they existed in the 2012 Final 
Rule, will no longer be permitted as remedies for errors pursuant to 
Sec.  1005.33(a)(1)(iv) where a sender provided incorrect or 
insufficient information, the Bureau is not adopting these proposed 
revisions to comment 33(c)-2. The December Proposal also would have 
revised comment 33(c)-2 to correspond with the proposed exception in 
Sec.  1005.33(a)(1)(iv)(D) by removing the comment's reference to 
senders' mistakes about an account number and to make clear that no 
error would have occurred in this situation if the remittance transfer 
provider satisfied the requirements of proposed Sec.  1005.33(h). The 
Bureau received no comments regarding the specific amendments to 
proposed Sec.  1005.33(c)(2) and comment 33(c)-2, with respect to the 
proposed adjustments necessary to correspondent to the proposed 
exception in Sec.  1005.33(a)(1)(iv)(D). Consequently, those portions 
of proposed comment 33(c)-2 are adopted as proposed with some 
alterations to improve clarity.
    Comment 33(c)-2, as finalized in the 2013 Final Rule, now states 
that the remedy in Sec.  1005.33(c)(2)(iii) applies if a remittance 
transfer provider's failure to make funds in connection with a 
remittance transfer available to a designated recipient by the 
disclosed date of availability occurred because the sender provided 
incorrect or insufficient information in connection with the transfer, 
such as by erroneously identifying the designated recipient's address 
or by providing insufficient information such that the entity 
distributing the funds cannot identify the correct designated 
recipient. A sender is not considered to have provided incorrect or 
insufficient information for purposes of Sec.  1005.33(c)(2)(iii) if 
the provider discloses the incorrect location where the transfer may be 
picked up, gives the wrong confirmation number/code for the transfer, 
or otherwise miscommunicates information necessary for the designated 
recipient to pick-up the transfer. The remedies in Sec.  
1005.33(c)(2)(iii) do not apply if the sender provided an incorrect 
account number or recipient institution identifier and the provider has 
met the requirements of Sec.  1005.33(h) because under Sec.  
1005.33(a)(1)(iv)(D) no error would have occurred. See Sec.  
1005.33(a)(1)(iv)(D) and comment 33(a)-7.
    The Bureau is also adopting a new comment 33(c)-11, which reflects 
the new refund procedure, and which replaces language regarding resends 
from comment 33(c)-2. As revised in the 2013 Final Rule, comment 33(c)-
11 states that Sec.  1005.33(c)(2)(iii) generally requires a remittance 
transfer provider to refund the transfer amount to the sender even if 
the sender's previously designated remedy was a resend or if the 
provider's default remedy in other

[[Page 30690]]

circumstances is a resend. However, if before the refund is processed, 
the sender receives notice pursuant to Sec.  1005.33(c)(1) or (d)(1) 
that an error occurred because the sender provided incorrect or 
insufficient information and then requests that the provider send the 
remittance transfer again, and the provider agrees to that request, 
Sec.  1005.33(c)(2)(iii) requires that the request be treated as a new 
remittance transfer and the provider must provide new disclosures in 
accordance with Sec.  1005.31 and all other applicable provisions of 
subpart B. However, Sec.  1005.33(c)(2)(iii) does not obligate the 
provider to agree to a sender's request to send a new remittance 
transfer.
    Section 1005.33(c)(2)(iii), as adopted in the 2013 Final Rule, 
applies in situations where an error occurs because the sender provided 
incorrect or insufficient information, and overrides provisions that 
generally permit both a sender's prior selection of a resend remedy, 
see comment 33(c)-3, and a remittance transfer provider's designation 
of a default remedy, see comment 33(c)-4, where that default is to 
resend a transfer. Accordingly, the Bureau is revising comments 33(c)-3 
and -4.
    As to comment 33(c)-3 in the 2012 Final Rule, which explains how a 
sender designates a preferred remedy insofar as the revisions to Sec.  
1005.33(c)(2) will no longer allow a sender to designate a remedy (or 
will nullify a designation of a resend remedy prior to the conclusion 
of an investigation) when an error occurs because the sender provided 
incorrect or insufficient information, the portion of the comment 
discussing advance designation of a remedy is revised in the 2013 Final 
Rule. Comment 33(c)-3 now states, like the 2012 Final Rule, that the 
provider may also request that the sender indicate the preferred remedy 
at the time the sender provides notice of the error. However, as 
finalized, the comment states that if the provider does so, it should 
indicate that if the sender chooses a resend at that time, the remedy 
may be unavailable if the error occurred because the sender provided 
incorrect or insufficient information. This will prevent senders from 
being confused as to why they did not receive their requested remedy. 
However, if the sender does not indicate the desired remedy at the time 
of providing notice of error, the provider must notify the sender of 
any available remedies in the report provided under Sec.  1005.33(c)(1) 
or (d)(1) if the provider determines an error occurred.
    Similarly, the Bureau is revising comment 33(c)-4 to explain that a 
remittance transfer provider's default remedy is overridden by the 
requirements of Sec.  1005.33(c)(2)(iii), which sets forth a specific 
remedy that applies when an error occurs because a sender provides 
incorrect or insufficient information. The Bureau is also making 
conforming changes to comment 33(c)-5 to reflect the renumbering in 
Sec.  1005.33(c)(2).
    Finally, in light of the changes described above to Sec.  
1005.33(c)(2)(ii), the Bureau is adopting new comment 33(c)-12, which 
provides guidance on how a remittance transfer provider should 
determine the amount to refund to the sender, or to apply to a new 
transfer, pursuant to Sec.  1005.33(c)(2)(iii). Comment 33(c)-12 
explains that although Sec.  1005.33(c)(2)(iii) permits the provider to 
deduct from the amount refunded, or applied towards a new transfer, any 
fees or taxes actually deducted from the transfer amount by a person 
other than the provider as part of the first unsuccessful remittance 
transfer attempt or that were deducted in the course of returning the 
transfer amount to the provider following a failed delivery. However, a 
provider may not deduct those fees and taxes that will ultimately be 
refunded to the provider. When the provider deducts fees or taxes from 
the amount refunded pursuant to Sec.  1005.33(c)(2)(iii), the provider 
must inform the sender of the deduction as part of the notice required 
by either Sec.  1005.33(c)(1) or (d)(1) and the reason for the 
deduction. Comment 33(c)-12 also contains several illustrative 
examples.

33(h) Incorrect Account Number Provided by the Sender

    Proposed Sec.  1005.33(h) contained several conditions that a 
remittance transfer provider would have been required to satisfy in 
order to benefit from the proposed exception in Sec.  
1005.33(a)(1)(iv)(D). Specifically, proposed Sec.  1005.33(h)(1) 
through (4) would have provided four conditions, including: That the 
provider be able to demonstrate that the sender did in fact provide an 
incorrect account number, that the provider gave the sender notice that 
if the sender provided an incorrect account number that the transfer 
could be lost, that the incorrect account number resulted a deposit of 
the transfer into the wrong account, and that the provider used 
reasonable efforts to attempt to retrieve the mis-deposited funds.
    In response to proposed Sec.  1005.33(h), many industry commenters 
sought more specificity in the conditions, especially with respect to 
the form of notice required to inform senders that the transfer amount 
could be lost, what would satisfy as a reasonable effort to retrieve 
lost funds, and the timeframe in which such efforts would be deemed 
prompt. Other industry participants, however, supported the generality 
in the proposed conditions because the commenters believed that the 
conditions provided flexibility and accommodated existing practice. In 
addition, some industry commenters expressed concern with the proposed 
condition that funds actually be mis-deposited into the wrong account 
for the proposed exception to apply. These commenters argued that often 
it is difficult for remittance transfer providers to know whether funds 
have in fact been mis-deposited. The Bureau has considered these 
comments and is finalizing the rule with five conditions in Sec.  
1005.33(h)(1) through (5), each of which is discussed below.
    Generally speaking, the Bureau believes that the conditions set 
forth in Sec.  1005.33(h) are consistent with industry best practices 
today and will provide further incentive to continue improving 
safeguards against mis-deposit over time. Where a remittance transfer 
is deposited into the wrong account today, the Bureau believes that 
many, if not most, providers already attempt to recover the principal 
amount of the transfer. However, because providers have reported that 
they often do not have direct relationships with receiving 
institutions, and that in some instances those institutions may be 
unresponsive to requests for assistance, providers may face 
difficulties in recovering funds from the wrong account. The Bureau 
believes that, in many instances, to reverse these transactions 
requires the accountholder to authorize a debit from the account and, 
thus, the lack of this authority may prohibit a recipient institution 
from debiting the account in the amount of the incorrect deposit absent 
an authorization. Relatedly, a provider in the United States may be 
able to do little to assist the foreign institution in its attempt to 
persuade its accountholder to provide debit authorization due to the 
lack of privity between the provider and the recipient institution or 
the accountholder.
    Thus, the 2013 Final Rule strikes an appropriate balance by 
limiting the exception in Sec.  1005.33(a)(1)(iv)(D) to circumstances 
of actual mis-deposits and by requiring reasonable verification 
methods, without holding remittance transfer providers responsible for 
circumstances beyond their control.

[[Page 30691]]

33(h)(1)

    Proposed Sec.  1005.33(h)(1) would have required that a remittance 
transfer provider be able to demonstrate that the sender provided an 
incorrect account number in connection with the remittance transfer. 
The Bureau explained that it did not believe that this proposed 
condition represented a substantial change from the 2012 Final Rule, 
which incentivized providers to document whether the sender had 
provided inaccurate information in order to invoke the right to charge 
certain related fees in connection with a resent transaction. See Sec.  
1005.33(c)(2)(ii)(A)(2) in the 2012 Final Rule. The Bureau received no 
comments specific to this proposed condition. Accordingly, proposed 
Sec.  1005.33(h)(1) is adopted substantially as proposed, except that 
it is expanded to apply both to account numbers and recipient 
institution identifiers, as discussed above. The comment is also 
revised to make clear that the provider must be able to demonstrate 
that the sender provided the incorrect account number or recipient 
institution identifier, language that was in proposed Sec.  1005.33(h).

33(h)(2)

    In the December Proposal, the Bureau noted that typically 
remittance transfer providers have no means to verify whether a sender 
provided account number for the designated recipient is accurate. Thus, 
the Bureau did not propose, as a condition of the proposed exception in 
Sec.  1005.33(a)(1)(iv)(D), that providers verify account numbers 
before sending a remittance transfer to an account. However, and as 
noted above, the Bureau is expanding the exception to Sec.  
1005.33(a)(1)(iv) to include senders' mistakes regarding recipient 
institution identifiers, as well as mistakes regarding account numbers.
    In response to the Bureau's request for comment on sender mistakes 
generally, some industry commenters acknowledged that, in some 
instances, institution identifier information provided by senders may 
be at least partially verifiable. Foremost among these are BICs 
(sometimes referred to as SWIFT codes) and other recipient institution 
identifiers. Commenters noted, however, that verification is neither 
ubiquitous nor perfect. Several consumer group commenters argued, on 
the other hand, that the Bureau should not expand the exception to 
mistakes regarding recipient institution identifiers because remittance 
transfer providers should be able to verify such identifiers.
    As a result of the Bureau's inclusion of recipient institution 
identifiers in the exception to the definition of error under Sec.  
1005.33(a)(1)(iv)(D), the Bureau is adopting new Sec.  1005.33(h)(2), 
which provides that for any instance in which the sender provided the 
incorrect recipient institution identifier, prior to or when sending 
the transfer, the provider used reasonably available means to verify 
that the recipient institution identifier provided by the sender 
corresponded to the recipient institution name provided by the sender.
    As adopted, Sec.  1005.33(h)(2) will permit remittance transfer 
providers to rely on the exception in Sec.  1005.33(a)(1)(iv)(D) only 
in situations where no reasonable verification is possible or where 
reasonably available means were applied but were unable to prevent a 
mis-deposit that occurred because the sender provided an incorrect 
recipient institution identifier. The exception does not apply to 
account number mistakes insofar as the Bureau continues to believe that 
no reasonable means to verify that an account number matches the name 
of the designated recipient disclosed to the sender exists today for 
most transfers. The Bureau will continue to monitor whether expansion 
of the condition is appropriate. Furthermore, Sec.  1005.33(h)(2) 
requires that the verification occur prior to or when the provider is 
sending the transfer because if the verification occurs later it may be 
too late to prevent a mis-deposit.
    The Bureau is adopting new comment 33(h)-1, which explains that the 
exception in Sec.  1005.33(a)(1)(iv)(D) applies only when a sender 
provides an incorrect recipient institution identifier, Sec.  
1005.33(h)(2) limits the exception in Sec.  1005.33(a)(1)(iv)(D) to 
situations where the provider used reasonably available means to verify 
that the recipient institution identifier provided by the sender did 
correspond to the recipient institution name provided by the sender. 
Reasonably available means may include accessing a directory of 
Business Identifier Codes and verifying that the code provided by the 
sender matches the provided institution name, and, if possible, the 
specific branch or location provided by the sender. Comment 33(h)-1 
explains that providers may also rely on other commercially available 
databases or directories to check other recipient institution 
identifiers. If reasonable verification means fail to identify that the 
recipient institution identifier is incorrect, the exception in Sec.  
1005.33(a)(1)(iv)(D) will apply, assuming that the provider can satisfy 
the other conditions in Sec.  1005.33(h). Similarly, if no reasonably 
available means exist to verify the accuracy of the recipient 
institution identifier, Sec.  1005.33(h)(2) would be satisfied and thus 
the exception in Sec.  1005.33(a)(1)(iv)(D) also will apply, again 
assuming the provider can satisfy the other conditions in Sec.  
1005.33(h). However, where a provider does not employ reasonably 
available means to verify a recipient institution identifier, Sec.  
1005.33(h)(2) is not satisfied and the exception in Sec.  
1005.33(a)(1)(iv)(D) will not apply.
    The Bureau is adopting this provision because upon further 
consideration, it concludes that if remittance transfer providers want 
to avail themselves of the exception to Sec.  1005.33(a)(1)(iv) for 
mistakes regarding recipient institution identifiers, they must take 
reasonable steps to limit the occurrence of these mistakes. The Bureau 
believes that, in many instances providers can and currently do verify 
the accuracy of some identifiers, and that in many other instances 
verification is not feasible. For example, many providers require, and 
senders provide, BICs to identify recipient institutions. Providers, or 
their third-party partners, typically have access to a directory in 
which they can match the BIC with the institution name (and possibly 
location), and the Bureau believes many providers (or their business 
partners) perform such verifications today. The Bureau also recognizes, 
however, that some providers may not conduct such verification. In 
other instances, precise verification that the sender has identified 
the proper institution may be challenging, particularly if a recipient 
institution has no BIC code or other type of identifier for which there 
is an internationally accessible directory, or if a sender has not 
given all the information about the recipient institution that may be 
reflected in a numerical identifier, such as the branch location.\10\ 
The Bureau believes the requirement appropriately requires verification 
where such mechanisms are reasonable available.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \10\ See http://www.swift.com/products_services/bic_and_iban_format_registration_bic_details.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Finally, the Bureau notes that it intends to monitor the 
availability of other means to verify account numbers and recipient 
institution identifiers and it may propose to revise Sec.  
1005.33(a)(1)(iv)(D) and (h)(2) and the related commentary if such 
means become reasonably available.

[[Page 30692]]

33(h)(3)

    Proposed Sec.  1005.33(h)(2) would have required a remittance 
transfer provider to demonstrate that the sender had notice that, if 
the sender provided an incorrect account number, the sender could lose 
the transfer amount. Although the Bureau did not propose a specific 
form of notice under proposed Sec.  1005.33(h)(2), it requested comment 
on whether the Bureau should specify the form of the notice and when 
and how such notice should be delivered.
    Industry commenters were largely divided on whether the Bureau 
should provide specific form and content instructions for the required 
notice. However, no commenter objected to the basic requirement of 
notice, and several commenters affirmatively agreed that notice would 
be beneficial. Those commenters who preferred that the Bureau specify a 
specific form for the required notice, including several smaller 
depository institutions, argued that model language provided by the 
Bureau would ease their compliance burden, particularly if there were a 
safe harbor for its use. Those commenters who preferred the flexibility 
of the proposed notice provisions argued that remittance transfer 
providers may already provide this sort of notice in a number of 
different forms. To require, or encourage through a safe harbor, 
specific model language or a form, these commenters contended, would 
cause remittance transfer providers to incur additional compliance 
costs as they would be required to alter existing forms and practices 
to match whatever the Bureau has established. In addition, these 
commenters argued, providers would need additional time to comply with 
this final rule if they were required to use specific language to 
provide the proposed notice.
    Several consumer group commenters argued that the proposed notice 
should be provided in a clear and conspicuous manner and in the same 
language that the rest of the transfer is conducted. These commenters 
urged the Bureau to adopt a notice that comports with the clarity and 
language requirements of similar disclosures in other consumer 
statutes.
    The Bureau adopts proposed Sec.  1005.33(h)(2) with three changes 
as Sec.  1005.33(h)(3). New Sec.  1005.33(h)(3) provides as a condition 
of Sec.  1005.33(a)(1)(iv)(D) exception, a requirement that the 
remittance transfer provider provided notice to the sender before the 
sender made payment for the remittance transfer that, in the event the 
sender provided an incorrect account number or recipient institution 
identifier, the sender could lose the transfer amount. The provision 
also provides that for purposes of providing the Sec.  1005.33(h)(3) 
notice, Sec.  1005.31(a)(2) applies to this notice unless the notice is 
given at the same time as other disclosures required by subpart B for 
which information is permitted to be disclosed orally or via mobile 
application or text message, in which case this disclosure may be given 
in the same medium as the other disclosures
    This provision reflects three changes from the December Proposal: 
(1) Mention of recipient institution identifiers in light of the 
expanded scope of Sec.  1005.33(a)(1)(iv)(D); (2) clarification that 
the notice must be provided before the sender authorizes the remittance 
transfer; (3) clarification that this notice may be given orally if 
provided along with a prepayment disclosure provided orally in 
accordance with Sec.  1005.31(a)(2).\11\ The Bureau believes that the 
requirement that the notice be provided before authorization of the 
transfer is generally in accordance with how most providers currently 
provide notice today and thus should not be a significant change from 
existing practice. The 2013 Final Rule does not specify the form of 
such notice but the Bureau intends to monitor how providers implement 
this condition to determine whether additional specificity is 
appropriate.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \11\ Section 1005.31(a)(2) generally requires disclosures 
required by subpart B of Regulation E to be in writing. The 
provision makes exceptions for pre-payment disclosures, which may be 
provided electronically.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The Bureau notes that, pursuant to the revisions to Sec.  
1005.31(a)(1) discussed above, the notice provided pursuant to Sec.  
1005.33(h)(3), like all disclosures required by subpart B of Regulation 
E, in Sec.  1005.33(h)(3) must be clear and conspicuous. See also 
comment 33(a)(1)-1. In addition, insofar as the Bureau has also amended 
the foreign language requirements of Sec.  1005.31(g) to apply to all 
disclosures permitted by the 2013 Final Rule, the notice permitted by 
Sec.  1005.33(h)(3) must be disclosed in accordance with the foreign 
language disclosure requirements of Sec.  1005.33(g)(1).
    As explained in the December Proposal, the Bureau's goal is to 
ensure that senders are informed of the risks of a mistake. Given that 
many remittance transfer providers are already providing notices of 
this risk through various means, the Bureau wants to ensure that the 
practice is adopted across the remainder of the industry while 
minimizing the need to change existing notices if they were already 
sufficient for the purposes of proposed Sec.  1005.33(h)(2). While the 
Bureau understands that providing model language might make compliance 
easier for some providers, the Bureau believes that there are 
sufficient models available in providers' existing materials that it is 
inappropriate to delay adoption of this condition while the Bureau 
designs and tests appropriate model language.

33(h)(4)

    Proposed 33(h)(3) would have stated that for a remittance transfer 
provider to avail itself of the exception in proposed Sec.  
1005.33(a)(1)(iv)(D), the provider would be required to demonstrate 
that the incorrect account number resulted in the deposit of the 
remittance transfer into a customer's account that is not the 
designated recipient's.
    The Bureau received a number of comments from industry commenters 
and some consumer group commenters encouraging the Bureau to eliminate 
this proposed condition. These commenters stated that even if funds are 
not deposited into another customer's account, other forms of improper 
routing due to erroneous information provided by a sender could cause 
transferred funds to be lost or, at the very least, delayed beyond the 
original date of availability. Other consumer group commenters 
disagreed, however, asserting that, in their opinion, remittance 
transfer providers typically can retrieve funds that have been 
misrouted unless the funds are deposited into the wrong customer's 
account. These consumer group commenters opined that so long as the 
funds remain in an institution's control, there is generally no concern 
that those funds will disappear.
    The Bureau is adopting proposed Sec.  1005.33(h)(3) substantially 
as proposed as Sec.  1005.33(h)(4). The Bureau believes, as stated in 
the December Proposal, that when a remittance transfer is sent with the 
wrong account number for the designated recipient, a remittance 
transfer provider will be far more likely to recover the funds in 
situations where the funds are either rejected by another institution 
or otherwise reversed before they are deposited into the wrong account. 
To the extent that commenters' concerns related to the delay of funds 
rather than their disappearance, as noted above, the Bureau declines to 
expand the exception in Sec.  1005.33(a)(1)(iv)(D) to cover delayed 
transfers rather than actual mis-deposited transfers.

33(h)(5)

    Proposed 33(h)(4) would have required a remittance transfer 
provider

[[Page 30693]]

to promptly use reasonable efforts to recover the amount that was to be 
received by the designated recipient. Proposed comment 33(h)-1 would 
have clarified how a provider might use reasonable efforts to recover 
funds. The Bureau received several comments on the proposed provision 
and associated commentary.
    Several industry commenters and consumer groups agreed with this 
proposed condition. These commenters approved of its flexibility and 
one industry commenter noted that it was in accordance with its 
preexisting practice, which is to exercise best efforts to recover 
missing funds. Two other commenters--a trade association and credit 
union--asked that the Bureau provide more explanation regarding the 
timeframe to meet the promptness requirement and the number of attempts 
to recover the funds required. These commenters were concerned that the 
lack of clarity would invite litigation as to whether a particular 
remittance transfer provider's efforts were in fact reasonable and 
prompt.
    Finally, one commenter asked that the Bureau clarify that a 
recipient institution, even if also the remittance transfer provider, 
not be required to debit an account that has a zero balance. In other 
words, this commenter sought clarity on whether it would be required to 
advance funds on behalf of a customer if that customer has withdrawn 
the transfer amount from the customer's account. The Bureau does not 
believe clarification on this point is necessary, insofar as nothing in 
the 2013 Final Rule states that a provider is required to advance funds 
that the recipient institution cannot retrieve from a customer if the 
exception in Sec.  1005.33(a)(1)(iv)(D) applies. Rather, the 2013 Final 
Rule has the opposite intent--the exception is intended to apply when 
funds cannot be retrieved.
    Accordingly, the Bureau is finalizing proposed Sec.  1005.33(h)(4) 
substantially as proposed as Sec.  1005.33(h)(5). The Bureau continues 
to believe--as it explained in the December Proposal--that it is not 
appropriate to mandate specific methods that a remittance transfer 
provider must use to attempt to recover funds. The Bureau believes the 
circumstances around individual transfers can vary greatly and that 
what may be reasonable in one circumstance may be unreasonable in 
another.
    In addition, the Bureau is adopting proposed comment 33(h)-1 
substantially as proposed as comment 33(h)-2 with minor revisions to 
improve clarity and to replace one of the proposed examples. The Bureau 
is also incorporating proposed comment 33(h)-1.iii to comment 33(h)-1, 
which now states that Sec.  1005.33(h)(5) requires a remittance 
transfer provider to use reasonable efforts to recover the amount that 
was to be received by the designated recipient. Whether a provider has 
used reasonable efforts does not depend on whether the provider is 
ultimately successful in recovering the amount that was to be received 
by the designated recipient. Under Sec.  1005.33(h)(5), if the 
remittance transfer provider is requested to provide documentation or 
other supporting information in order for the pertinent institution or 
authority to obtain the proper authorization for the return of the 
incorrectly credited amount, reasonable efforts to recover the amount 
include timely providing any such documentation to the extent that it 
is available and permissible under law. The two examples in proposed 
comments 33(h)-1.i and .ii are finalized as proposed as comments 33(h)-
2.i. and .ii.
    Proposed comment 33(h)-2 would have explained that the proposed 
condition requires a remittance transfer provider to act promptly in 
using reasonable efforts to recover the amount that was to be received 
by the designated recipient. The Bureau received comments from industry 
that it should clarify when exactly reasonable efforts are considered 
to be prompt and also that it should create a safe harbor time period 
in which efforts would be deemed prompt. The Bureau continues to 
believe that whether a particular provider's efforts are prompt depends 
on the facts and circumstances, for instance when the fact of an error 
is first identified. In general, the Bureau believes a provider acts 
promptly where it acts before the date that the funds are expected to 
be made available to the recipient, but a provider may not have notice 
that there is a problem with the transfer that early. Accordingly, the 
Bureau has adopted proposed comment 33(h)-2 as comment 33(h)-3 and is 
expanding its discussion. The comment adopts the proposed language 
explaining that Sec.  1005.33(h)(5) requires that a remittance transfer 
provider act promptly in using reasonable efforts to recover the amount 
that was to be received by the designated recipient and that whether a 
provider acts promptly to use reasonable efforts depends on the facts 
and circumstances. The comment also provides an example stating that 
where a sender informs the provider that he or she had provided a 
mistaken account number before the date of availability disclosed 
pursuant to Sec.  1005.31(b)(2)(ii), the provider has acted promptly if 
it attempts to contact the institution that received the incorrect 
remittance transfer before the disclosed date of availability.

Section 1005.36 Transfers Scheduled Before the Date of Transfer

    Under Sec.  1005.36 of the 2012 Final Rule, the Bureau established 
disclosure requirements specifically applicable to remittance transfers 
scheduled before the date of transfer. Section 1005.36(a) and (b) 
address specific requirements for the timing and accuracy of 
disclosures for these remittance transfers. Section 1005.36(c) 
addresses the cancellation requirements applicable to any remittance 
transfer scheduled by the sender at least three business days before 
the date of the transfer, including preauthorized remittance transfers. 
As described above, there is no longer a requirement to disclose taxes 
collected by a person other than the provider. See Sec.  
1005.31(b)(1)(vi). As a result, comment 36(a)(2)-1, which relates to 
disclosures required for preauthorized transfers, has been amended to 
refer solely to the required disclosure of taxes collected by the 
provider and not those collected by a third party.

Appendix A--Model Disclosure Clauses and Forms

    In Appendix A of the 2012 Final Rule, the Bureau provides twelve 
model forms that a remittance transfer provider may use in connection 
with remittance transfers. The 2012 Final Rule also provides 
instructions related to the use of these model forms. In particular, 
Instruction 4 to Appendix A provides general instructions for how 
providers may use the model forms, including instructions as to 
formatting and necessary disclosures. Instruction 4 also describes what 
portions of the disclosures are optional, and states that the Bureau 
will not review or approve providers' disclosure forms.
    In light of the changes to the 2012 Final Rule's disclosure 
requirements discussed above, the 2013 Final Rule amends the model 
forms, as well as the related instructions in Appendix A, and includes 
several additional model forms reflecting the new requirements. First, 
the Bureau is removing from all of the model forms references to 
``Other Taxes'' because the Bureau has eliminated this disclosure 
requirement. See Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(vi). Second, although there is no 
longer a requirement to disclose recipient institution fees in certain 
circumstances, there remains a requirement that remittance transfer 
providers disclose covered third-party fees under

[[Page 30694]]

Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(vi). As a result, the line on the model forms that 
relates to the disclosure of the amount of ``Other Fees'' has been 
retained and will now reflect only covered third-party fees imposed 
upon the remittance transfer.
    Third, insofar as Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(viii) requires a remittance 
transfer provider to include disclaimers on the required disclosures 
where non-covered third-party fees or taxes collected on the remittance 
transfer by a person other than the provider may apply, the model forms 
have been amended to include versions of these disclaimers. These 
disclaimers are required unless a provider knows that neither non-
covered third-party fees nor taxes collected on the remittance transfer 
by a person other than the provider apply. See Sec.  
1005.31(b)(1)(viii) and comment 31(b)(1)(viii)-1. Thus, where a 
disclaimer is necessary, there are now three potential disclaimer 
statements that could be used depending on the nature of the 
transaction: (1) A disclaimer that states that the recipient may 
receive less due to fees charged by the recipient's bank; \12\ (2) A 
disclaimer that states that the recipient may receive less due to 
foreign taxes; \13\ or (3) A disclaimer that states that the recipient 
may receive less due to fees charged by the recipient's bank and 
foreign taxes.
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    \12\ In the interest of clarity on the model forms, non-covered 
third-party fees are referred to as ``fees charged by a recipient's 
bank.'' However, to the extent that the term ``bank'' is imprecise, 
a provider may use an alternate term to describe the recipient 
institution.
    \13\ Also in the interest of clarity, these taxes are described 
as ``foreign taxes,'' although it is possible that the taxes 
collected by a person other than the provider could include taxes 
imposed by a U.S. state or the Federal government where such taxes 
are not collected by the provider.
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    In addition to the requirement to include these disclaimers, a 
remittance transfer provider may also elect to disclose the actual or 
estimated amounts of non-covered third-party fees and taxes collected 
by a person other than the provider. See Sec. Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(viii) 
and 1005.32(b)(3). Model forms A-30(a) through (d) include samples of 
how a provider may include versions of these required disclaimers, as 
well as the optional disclosures regarding the actual or estimated 
amount of such fees and taxes.
    Specifically, Model Form A-30(a) provides sample disclaimer 
language that ``a recipient may receive less due to fees charged by the 
recipient's bank and foreign taxes.'' Model Forms A-30(b) through (d) 
include examples of how a remittance transfer provider could include 
the optional estimates of non-covered third-party fees and taxes 
collected on the remittance transfer by a person other than the 
provider. Specifically, Model Form A-30(b) includes a sample disclaimer 
that shows a parenthetical containing an estimate of the applicable 
non-covered third-party fees that may apply to the sample transfer, 
while Model Form A-30(c) includes a sample disclaimer that shows a 
parenthetical with an estimate for the taxes collected on the 
remittance transfer by a person other than the provider that may apply. 
Model Form A-30(d) includes an example for how a provider could provide 
an estimate for both non-covered third-party fees and taxes collected 
on the remittance transfer by a person other than the provider. 
Finally, although not included in a model form, if a provider knows 
that fees or taxes will be deducted, the disclaimer could indicate that 
the recipient ``will receive less,'' rather than ``may receive less,'' 
due to non-disclosed fees and taxes. A provider also may elect to 
include the precise amounts for fees and/or taxes.
    Instruction 4 also has been amended to indicate that the disclosure 
of the actual or estimated amounts for non-covered third-party fees and 
taxes collected by a person other than the provider is optional as 
provided in Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(viii) in the 2013 Final Rule. 
Instruction 4 also now includes language that a remittance transfer 
provider cannot include disclaimers that cannot apply to the particular 
transfer. For example, if the provider knows that the only fees that 
can apply to the transfer are covered third-party fees, a provider 
should not include a fee disclaimer. See Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(viii) and 
comment 31(b)(1)(viii)-1.
    Finally, because additional model forms have been added, the 
Appendix and Instructions are revised to indicate that there are now 15 
model forms.

Effective Date

    This final rule is effective on October 28, 2013. As discussed 
below, the Bureau believes that this effective date will, on balance, 
facilitate the implementation of both the remaining requirements of the 
2012 Final Rule and the new requirements of the 2013 Final Rule.
    In the December Proposal, the Bureau proposed to temporarily delay 
the effective date of the 2012 Final Rule from February 7, 2013, until 
90 days after the publication of the 2013 Final Rule in the Federal 
Register. The Bureau stated then that it believed that this modest 
delay would balance the need for consumers to receive the protections 
afforded by the rule as quickly as possible with industry's need to 
make adjustments to comply with the provisions of the rule. As part of 
the December Proposal, the Bureau sought comment on this proposed 90-
day extension period. On January 29, 2013, in the Temporary Delay Rule, 
the Bureau temporarily delayed the February 7, 2013 effective date 
pending completion of this rulemaking.
    All commenters--including consumer group commenters--generally 
agreed that the Bureau should extend the effective date of the 2013 
Final Rule until at least 90 days after it is published in the Federal 
Register. Although no commenters suggested an implementation period of 
fewer than 90 days following publication of the 2013 Final Rule, one 
consumer group commenter noted that while it did not object to a 90 
day-extension, it saw no need for any implementation period longer than 
90 days after the finalization of this rule. Additionally, one industry 
trade association suggested a 90-day implementation period could be 
workable depending on the scope of the final rule. Most industry 
commenters, however, urged the Bureau to extend the effective date 
beyond 90 days. In doing so, industry commenters suggested a range of 
periods--with many industry commenters suggesting periods of between 
180 and 365 days following the publication of the 2013 Final Rule. One 
industry trade association provided an example of an implementation 
timeline suggesting that a large correspondent would need at least 121 
days from when the final rule is released in order to integrate a 
compliance solution within its client banks' systems. Industry 
commenters in general contended that remittance transfer providers, 
their vendors, and other business partners all would need additional 
time to adjust their computer systems and compliance procedures, 
renegotiate contracts, and train staff.
    Separately, commenters representing smaller insured institutions in 
particular requested a longer implementation period, stating that many 
of these remittance transfer providers depend on larger third-parties 
to aid their compliance. These commenters uniformly stated that smaller 
providers might face particular challenges with implementing necessary 
changes over a short time period because smaller providers will only be 
able to integrate compliance solutions after the third parties have 
incorporated necessary updates and conduct testing, and include the 
changes in their scheduled releases. Relatedly, a number of these 
commenters referenced the Bureau's recent rulemakings pursuant to

[[Page 30695]]

title XIV of the Dodd-Frank Act \14\ and indicated that implementing 
all of the requirements of those rules and the requirements of this 
final rule at the same time will create a significant cumulative 
burden. These industry commenters also expressed concern over both the 
breadth and complexity of new rules expected from the Bureau.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \14\ See Escrow Requirements under the Truth in Lending Act 
(Regulation Z), 78 FR 4725 (Jan. 22, 2013); Ability to Repay and 
Qualified Mortgage Standards Under the Truth in Lending Act 
(Regulation Z), 78 FR 6407 (Jan. 30, 2013; High-Cost Mortgage and 
Homeownership Counseling Amendments to the Truth in Lending Act 
(Regulation Z) and Homeownership Counseling Amendments to the Real 
Estate Settlement Procedures Act (Regulation X), 78 FR 6855 (Jan. 
31, 2013); Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act (Regulation X) and 
Truth in Lending Act (Regulation Z) Mortgage Servicing Final Rules, 
78 FR 10695 (Feb. 14, 2013); Disclosure and Delivery Requirements 
for Copies of Appraisals and Other Written Valuations Under the 
Equal Credit Opportunity Act (Regulation B), 78 FR 7215 (Jan. 31, 
2013); Appraisals for Higher-Priced Mortgage Loans, 78 FR 10367 
(Feb. 13, 2013); Loan Originator Compensation Requirements under the 
Truth in Lending Act (Regulation Z), 78 FR 11279 (Feb. 15, 2013).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The industry commenters' concerns regarding the implementation 
period, particularly those relating to necessary system changes, were 
largely focused around three expected results of the 2012 Final Rule, 
as it would have been modified by the December Proposal: (1) The need 
to build and maintain a database of applicable taxes imposed by foreign 
countries' central governments; (2) the need to obtain fee schedules or 
other information regarding applicable recipient institution fees in 
order to compute estimates of the applicable fees; and (3) the need to 
adjust systems and processes to accommodate the provisions discussing 
resends to correct errors that occurred because the sender provided 
incorrect or insufficient information. Furthermore, some industry 
commenters suggested that the appropriate effective date would depend 
on the scope of the final rule. Noting the difficulty of collecting 
certain information concerning recipient institution fees and foreign 
taxes, as indicated above, one industry trade association commenter 
indicated that if the Bureau eliminated the requirement to disclose 
recipient institution fees and foreign taxes and simplified the 
procedure for resends, then this commenter thought that a 90-day 
implementation period could be workable.
    The Bureau is adopting an effective date of October 28, 2013. In 
light of the way the Bureau has streamlined the requirements of the 
2012 Final Rule, the Bureau believes that an effective date of October 
28, 2013 (or approximately 180 days after the release of the 2013 Final 
Rule) will allow sufficient time for providers, both large and small, 
to implement any necessary changes to their systems in order to comply 
with the 2013 Final Rule. The Bureau is adopting a date certain in 
order to eliminate the risks of delay and provide greater assurances to 
both consumers and industry as to when to expect the valuable 
protections of the new rule. The Bureau also believes that this 
implementation period allows sufficient time because the Bureau is not 
adopting the aspects of the December Proposal that commenters 
identified as requiring the most time to implement.
    The primary additional substantive requirements in the 2013 Final 
Rule are the requirement that remittance transfer providers include 
disclaimers regarding non-covered third-party fees and taxes collected 
by a person other than the provider and adopt additional verification 
measures and provide notice to senders of the potential loss of funds 
to take advantage of the Bureau's expansion of the exception to the 
definition of the term error under Sec.  1005.33(a)(1)(iv)(D). The 
Bureau believes that any programmatic changes required by these 
provisions should not take most providers a particularly long period of 
time to implement. To the extent providers need to change the terms of 
their consumer contracts or other communications to provide senders the 
notice contemplated by Sec.  1005.33(h)(3), the Bureau expects the 
required time to produce this notice will be modest, particularly 
because the 2013 Final Rule does not mandate any particular notice 
form, or format apart from requiring that such notice be clear and 
conspicuous and meet certain foreign language requirements. Although 
translating such notice may require testing and certain systems 
changes, and the Bureau expects that many providers will integrate any 
such notice into existing communications or the required prepayment 
disclosures.
    Moreover, based on its outreach and monitoring of the market, the 
Bureau believes that responsible providers and correspondents are 
already using reasonable methods of verification to reduce the risk of 
errors. Nonetheless, recognizing that the 2013 Final Rule will likely 
require changes to informational technology and operational procedures 
and that small providers may benefit from additional time in order to 
test compliance solutions for their customers, the Bureau believes a 
modest increase in the implementation period from what was proposed may 
limit potential disruptions in the remittance transfer market.
    For these reasons, the Bureau is expanding the implementation 
period for this final rule beyond what was proposed by making it 
effective October 28, 2013.

VI. Dodd-Frank Act Section 1022(b)(2)

Section 1022(b)(2) Analysis

A. Overview

    In developing the 2013 Final Rule, the Bureau has considered 
potential benefits, costs, and impacts \15\ and has consulted or 
offered to consult with the prudential regulators and the Federal Trade 
Commission, including regarding the consistency of the 2013 Final Rule 
with prudential, market, or systemic objectives administered by such 
agencies.\16\
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    \15\ Section 1022(b)(2)(A) of the Dodd-Frank Act calls for the 
Bureau to consider the potential benefits and costs of a regulation 
to consumers and covered persons, including the potential reduction 
of access by consumers to consumer financial products or services; 
the impact on depository institutions and credit unions with $10 
billion or less in total assets as described in section 1026 of the 
Dodd-Frank Act; and the impact on consumers in rural areas.
    \16\ The Bureau also solicited feedback from other agencies with 
supervisory and enforcement authority regarding the 2013 Final Rule.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The analysis below considers the benefits, costs, and impacts of 
the key provisions of the 2013 Final Rule against the baseline provided 
by the 2012 Final Rule. Those provisions regard: The disclosure of non-
covered third-party fees and taxes collected by a person other than the 
remittance transfer provider, error resolution requirements with 
respect to situations in which senders provide incorrect or 
insufficient information regarding remittance transfers (including 
account numbers and recipient institution identifiers), and the 
effective date. With respect to these provisions, the analysis 
considers the benefits and costs to senders (consumers) and remittance 
transfer providers (covered persons).\17\ The Bureau has discretion in 
future rulemakings to choose the most appropriate baseline for that 
particular rulemaking.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \17\ Benefits and costs incurred by remittance transfer 
providers may, in practice, be shared among providers' business 
partners, such as agents, correspondent banks, or foreign exchange 
providers. To the extent that any of these business partners are 
covered persons, the 2013 Final Rule could have benefits or costs 
for these covered persons as well.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The Bureau notes at the outset that quantification of the potential 
benefits, costs, and impacts of the 2013 Final Rule is not possible due 
to the lack of available data. As discussed in the February Final Rule, 
there is a limited

[[Page 30696]]

amount of data about remittance transfers and remittance transfer 
providers that are publicly available and representative of the full 
market. Similarly, there are limited data on consumer behavior, which 
would be essential for quantifying the benefits or costs to consumers. 
Furthermore, as the Bureau has delayed the effective date of the 2012 
Final Rule, providers are still in the process of implementing its 
requirements. Therefore, this analysis generally provides a qualitative 
discussion of the benefits, costs, and impacts of the 2013 Final Rule. 
As discussed in more detail below, the Bureau expects that the 2013 
Final Rule will generally benefit providers by facilitating compliance, 
while maintaining many of the 2012 Final Rule's valuable new consumer 
protections and ensuring that these protections can effectively be 
delivered to consumers.

B. Potential Benefits and Costs to Consumers and Covered Persons

1. Non-Covered Third-Party Fees and Taxes Collected by a Person Other 
Than the Provider
a. Benefits and Costs to Covered Persons
    Compared to the 2012 Final Rule, the 2013 Final Rule benefits 
remittance transfer providers by eliminating some of the information 
that they were previously required to disclose, which will likely 
reduce the cost of providing required disclosures for most providers. 
The changes regarding fee and tax disclosures might additionally 
benefit providers by facilitating their continued participation in the 
market. Industry commenters suggested that due in part to the 2012 
Final Rule's third-party fee and foreign tax disclosure requirements, 
some providers might eliminate or reduce their remittance transfer 
offerings, such as by not sending transfers to markets where tax or fee 
information is particularly difficult to obtain in light of the lack of 
ongoing reliable and complete information sources. By reducing the 
amount of information needed to provide disclosures, the Bureau expects 
that the 2013 Final Rule will encourage more providers to retain their 
current services (and thus any associated profit, revenue, and 
customers).
    The 2013 Final Rule requires remittance transfer providers to add 
an additional disclaimer to disclosure forms in instances where non-
covered third-party fees imposed and taxes collected by a person other 
than the provider may apply. The Bureau believes that the cost of 
adding these disclaimers will be small, particularly compared to the 
costs of complying with the disclosure requirements of the 2012 Final 
Rule. Affected providers will also have to reprogram systems to conform 
to the new requirements for calculating ``Other Fees'' (pursuant to 
Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(vi)) and the amount to be disclosed pursuant to 
Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(vii)). All providers will have to remove references 
to ``Other Taxes'' from their forms, and make any necessary system 
changes, insofar as the Bureau has eliminated this disclosure. The 
modification to existing forms and systems changes may be minimal for 
many providers whose processes allow for them to adjust forms and 
systems more easily, and the Bureau expects that some providers may not 
have finished any systems modifications necessary to comply with the 
2012 Final Rule, and thus may be able to incorporate any changes into 
previously planned work. Furthermore, to the extent any provider elects 
to provide optional disclosures of non-covered third-party fees or 
taxes collected on the remittance transfer by a person other than the 
provider, providers may bear some costs in determining these amounts 
and programming disclosures to allow for the dynamic disclosure of this 
information.
    The Bureau expects that the provisions regarding fee and tax 
disclosures will have the largest impact on depository institutions, 
credit unions, and broker-dealers that are remittance transfer 
providers. These types of providers tend to send most or all of their 
remittances transfers to foreign accounts, for which non-covered third-
party fees could be charged. Furthermore, due to the mechanisms these 
providers use to send money, they generally have the ability to send 
transfers to virtually any destination country (for which tax research 
might be required) and thus many different recipient institutions. By 
contrast, money transmitters that are providers are more likely to send 
remittance transfers to be received by agents, for which non-covered 
third-party fees will not be relevant. Furthermore, with some 
exceptions, most money transmitters, and particularly small ones, 
generally send transfers to a limited number of countries and 
institutions; consequently, the benefits, in terms of avoided costs, of 
eliminating the requirement that taxes be disclosed may not be as large 
for these money transmitters as for other remittance transfer 
providers.
b. Benefits and Costs to Consumers
    The changes regarding the disclosure of non-covered third-party 
fees and taxes collected on the remittance transfer by a person other 
than the provider may allow senders to avoid increased costs to the 
extent that remittance transfer providers pass along any cost savings 
from the new requirements in the form of lower prices. Also, if the 
2013 Final Rule facilitates providers' continued participation in the 
market, it will prevent senders from having their access to remittance 
transfers limited, by giving them a wider set of options for sending 
transfers.
    The Bureau believes that a minority of transfers will be affected 
by the refinements in the 2013 Final Rule concerning non-covered third-
party fees insofar as a minority of remittance transfers are deposited 
into accounts. The Bureau is retaining the requirement to disclose 
covered third-party fees and, therefore, senders will retain the 
benefits derived from the disclosure of such fees. Specifically, the 
Bureau believes that the majority of remittance transfers are received 
in cash; therefore, the senders of those transfers will generally 
receive complete information about the fees applicable to the transfer. 
The Bureau, however, believes that most, if not all, transfers will be 
affected by the refinements concerning taxes collected on a remittance 
transfer by a person other than the provider, as providers may not be 
able to verify whether taxes may apply to particular transactions. It 
is important to note that the Bureau expects that fee and tax 
disclosures that would have been required by the 2012 Final Rule but 
that will not be required by the 2013 Final Rule will generally not 
vary across providers sending money to the same recipient account using 
the same mechanism.
    The 2013 Final Rule may impose costs on senders that want a 
guarantee that the designated recipient receives a particular amount, 
to the extent that it makes disclosures for a particular transfer less 
accurate because disclosures will now contain disclaimers in lieu of 
actual figures regarding non-covered third-party fees, for transfer 
that could involve such fees, and taxes collected on the remittance 
transfer by a person other than the provider.
    In addition, without the tax and fee disclosures, senders may have 
a more difficult time ensuring that an exact amount of money reaches a 
designated recipient and thus also may have difficulty determining if 
an error occurred because the designated recipient did not receive the 
amount disclosed. However, this difficulty should be mitigated when a 
sender

[[Page 30697]]

repeatedly transfers funds to the same recipient via the same method, 
as the recipient can inform the sender about taxes and fees that 
routinely apply to the transfer.
    Eliminating the requirement that non-covered third-party fees be 
disclosed also may have varied effects on the ability of senders to 
comparison shop. As to those senders who are only shopping between 
providers that can send remittance transfers to a particular account 
via the same method, the 2013 Final Rule should not significantly 
reduce the ability of senders to compare costs across remittance 
transfer providers that can send remittances to this account. In fact, 
to the extent that providers are not providing differing estimates of 
the same recipient institution fees, consumers may benefit because 
comparisons will be easier. However, senders may have a more difficult 
time comparing costs across providers sending funds via different 
mechanisms. For example, if a sender is agnostic as to whether the 
designated recipient should receive the transfer in cash verses the 
transfer being deposited in the designated recipient's account, to the 
extent non-covered third-party fees are not disclosed, the sender may 
not appreciate the full costs of the latter option for sending the 
remittance transfer, or understand which method of transfer is likely 
to be most cost effective. For the transfer to an account, the pre-
payment disclosure may not contain a disclosure of non-covered third-
party fees, while the disclosure for the transfer to be received in 
cash must disclose all fees. Therefore, whether a sender's ability to 
comparison shop has been impaired by the changes in the 2013 Final Rule 
may depend on the type of comparison undertaken by the sender.
    Nevertheless, as important as this information is for senders, 
requiring disclosure of non-covered third-party fees and taxes 
collected on the remittance transfer by a person other than the 
provider would likely require a substantial delay in implementation of 
all of the 2012 Final Rule or would produce a significant contraction 
in senders' access to remittance transfer services, particularly in 
smaller corridors. The Bureau believes that both of these results would 
impose significant costs on consumers and undermine the broader 
purposes of the statutory scheme.
2. Incorrect or Insufficient Information
a. Benefits and Costs to Covered Persons
    The 2013 Final Rule includes two sets of changes related to errors 
caused by the sender's provision of incorrect or insufficient 
information in connection with a remittance transfer. First, the 2013 
Final Rule creates a new exception to the definition of error for 
situations in which a sender provides an incorrect account number or 
recipient institution identifier, and the remittance transfer provider 
meets certain conditions. Second, the 2013 Final Rule also adjusts the 
remedy in certain situations, other than those covered by this new 
exception, in which an error occurred because the sender provided 
incorrect or insufficient information.
    The exception to the definition of error benefits remittance 
transfer providers in instances in which senders' mistakes regarding 
account numbers or recipient institution identifiers, which would have 
resulted in errors under the 2012 Final Rule, will not constitute 
errors under the 2013 Final Rule, provided that providers satisfies the 
conditions enumerated in Sec.  1005.33(h). There are several cumulative 
benefits of these changes to providers. First, to the extent that the 
new exception applies, providers will no longer bear the costs of funds 
that they cannot recover. The magnitude of the benefit will depend on 
the frequency of senders' mistakes regarding account numbers or 
recipient institution identifiers that result in funds being deposited 
in the wrong account with the provider unable to recover funds, and the 
sizes of those lost transfers.\18\ The magnitude will also depend on 
the extent to which providers maintain procedures necessary to satisfy 
the conditions enumerated in Sec.  1005.33(h).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \18\ Prior to the February Final Rule, the Credit Union National 
Association reported a rate of less than 1% for international wire 
``exceptions.'' In more recent outreach, other industry participants 
suggested that investigation or exception rates for international 
wire transfers tend to be between 1 percent and 3 percent of all 
wire transfers.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Second, remittance transfer providers may derive additional benefit 
if the 2013 Final Rule reduces the potential for fraudulent account 
number mistakes made by unscrupulous senders, which providers have 
cited as a risk under the 2012 Final Rule. By eliminating the 
requirement, in some circumstances, that the provider resend or refund 
the transfer amount, the 2013 Final Rule reduces the direct costs of 
fraud and the indirect costs of fraud prevention and facilitates 
providers' continued participation in the remittance transfer market, 
without (or with fewer) new limitations on service. Industry commenters 
indicated that, at least in part, due to the risk of such fraud under 
the 2012 Final Rule, providers might exit the market or limit the size 
or type of transfers sent. The cumulative magnitude of these benefits 
will depend on the magnitude of the actual and perceived risk of 
account number- or recipient institution identifier-related fraud under 
the 2012 Final Rule.
    The new exception to the definition of error does not impose any 
new requirements on remittance transfer providers and therefore will 
not directly impose costs on providers. But, to ensure that they can 
satisfy the conditions enumerated in Sec.  1005.33(h) and thus trigger 
the new exception, providers may choose to bear some costs. For 
instance, providers may change their customer contracts or other 
communications to provide to senders the notice contemplated by Sec.  
1005.33(h)(3). However, the Bureau expects that the cost of doing so 
will be modest, particularly because the 2013 Final Rule does not 
mandate any particular notice wording, form, or format (apart from 
being clear and conspicuous and meeting certain foreign language 
requirements), and the Bureau expects that many providers already have 
included any such notice in their existing communications or the 
required prepayment disclosures. While the notice required by Sec.  
1005.33(h)(3) must generally be in writing, the Bureau believes that 
providers typically provide this notice in writing today. Relatedly, 
providers may change their existing procedures to implement the 
verification procedures contemplated by Sec.  1005.33(h)(2). Again, 
however, insofar as most providers are already implementing 
verification methods like those contemplated by the 2013 Final Rule, 
most providers will bear minimal cost in complying with this 
requirement.
    The Bureau expects that remittance transfer providers will 
generally not experience any other costs if they choose to satisfy the 
remainder of the conditions in Sec.  1005.33(h), because their existing 
practices generally will already satisfy those conditions. In 
particular, based on outreach, the Bureau believes that keeping records 
or other documents that can satisfy the conditions described in Sec.  
1005.33(h) will generally match providers' usual and customary 
practices to serve their customers, to manage their risk, and to 
satisfy the requirements under the 2012 Final Rule to retain records of 
the findings of investigations of alleged errors. See Sec.  
1005.33(g)(2).
    The extent to which remittance transfer providers will choose to 
bear any costs related to Sec.  1005.33(h) and the magnitude of such 
costs will depend on providers' existing business practices, their 
expectations about the frequency

[[Page 30698]]

and size of transfers that are deposited into the wrong accounts and 
not recovered because of account number or recipient institution 
identifier mistakes by senders, their expectations about the risk of 
fraud, as well as the extent to which providers have already begun 
adapting their practices to the 2012 Final Rule. The Bureau expects 
that providers will only develop their practices to comply with Sec.  
1005.33(h) if doing so will benefit the providers by reducing the costs 
of losses due to account number and recipient institution identifier 
mistakes by senders or fraud by more than the costs of implementing 
these practices. The Bureau believes that this could be the case for 
most providers that make transfers to accounts covered by the 
exception, particularly because the practices described in Sec.  
1005.33(h) closely match existing practice, and for those providers for 
whom it does not match existing practice, the practices that providers 
would have otherwise developed to comply with the 2012 Final Rule.
    The changes regarding remedies for certain errors that occurred 
because the sender provided incorrect or insufficient information 
(other than those errors covered by the exception in Sec.  
1005.33(a)(1)(iv)(D)) will also benefit remittance transfer providers. 
In instances in which they are applicable, as discussed above, the 
changes will allow a provider to refund the transfer amount to the 
sender without having to meet the timing and other requirements of the 
2012 Final Rule. In addition, insofar as the 2013 Final Rule permits 
providers, for errors that occurred because the sender provided 
incorrect or insufficient information, to deduct from the amount 
refunded any fees or taxes actually deducted from the transfer amount 
as part of the first unsuccessful transfer attempt, providers will no 
longer have to bear the cost of these fees and taxes, which previously 
providers could not pass on to senders. The changes regarding these 
remedies could impose a cost on remittance transfer providers to revise 
their procedures. Providers may need to arrange to send refunds when 
previously they were going to resend funds. Providers may also have to 
bear costs from the need to adjust their default remedies, procedures 
for requesting senders' preferred remedies, and error resolution 
reports, but the Bureau believes these costs should be minimal.
b. Benefits and Costs to Consumers
    The new exception to the definition of error will allow senders to 
avoid increased prices, compared to the 2012 Final Rule, to the extent 
that remittance transfer providers pass along any cost savings in the 
form of lower prices. The new exception will also allow senders to 
avoid disruptions in available remittance transfer services, to the 
extent it would enable more providers to stay in the market or preserve 
the breadth of their current offerings, thus preserving competition.
    Under certain conditions, a sender who provides an incorrect 
account or recipient institution identifier resulting in funds being 
delivered to the wrong account will bear the costs of those mis-
deposited funds. However, as discussed above, the Bureau expects that 
the incidence of such losses will be rare; furthermore, the risk of 
incurring such costs may be mitigated, because senders will have 
stronger incentives to ensure the accuracy of account number and 
recipient institution identifier information to the extent possible. In 
addition, with respect to recipient institution identifiers, the 
exception is limited to situations in which the provider could not 
reasonably be expected to verify that the recipient institution 
identifier matches the institution's name or location or in which the 
verification does not prevent an error from occurring.
    The Bureau expects that the changes regarding remedies for errors 
that occur because a sender provided incorrect or insufficient 
information will have very small impacts on senders. As described 
above, the Bureau expects that the circumstances in which the changes 
apply will arise infrequently. However, the changes impose a modest 
cost on senders for two reasons. First, for those senders that want to 
resend funds, they will be unable ask the provider to do so until the 
provider's investigation is complete (and the provider is not obligated 
to resend the funds at all). Second, insofar as the 2013 Final Rule 
permits providers to deduct from the amount refunded any fees or taxes 
actually deducted from the transfer amount by a person other than the 
provider as part of the first unsuccessful remittance transfer, this 
provision will impose a cost for senders in that they will now have to 
bear the cost of these fees and taxes that were to be absorbed by the 
provider under the 2012 Final Rule.
3. Effective Date
    The extension of the 2012 Final Rule's effective date generally 
benefits remittance transfer providers by delaying the start of any 
ongoing compliance costs. The additional time may also enable providers 
(and their vendors) to build solutions that cost less than those that 
might otherwise have been possible. Senders also benefit to the extent 
that the changes eliminate any disruptions in the provision of 
remittance transfer services. But the delay also imposes costs on 
senders by delaying the time when they will receive the benefits of the 
2012 Final Rule.

C. Access to Consumer Financial Products and Services

    As discussed above, the Bureau expects that the 2013 Final Rule 
will not decrease consumers' (senders') access to consumer financial 
products and services relative to the 2012 Final Rule and may 
significantly preserve access by refining certain provisions of the 
rule that were likely to drive some remittance transfer providers to 
suspend or curtain their remittance services. By avoiding some of the 
costs that providers might otherwise have had to bear in order to 
provide disclosures and resolve errors under the 2012 Final Rule, the 
2013 Final Rule may lead providers to reduce their prices and may 
reduce the likelihood that providers will exit the remittance market, 
compared to what might have occurred under the 2012 Final Rule. By 
facilitating providers' participation in the market, the 2013 Final 
Rule may give senders a wider set of options for sending transfers, as 
well as preserve competition within this market.

D. Impact on Depository Institutions and Credit Unions With $10 Billion 
or Less in Total Assets

    Given the lack of data on the characteristics of remittance 
transfers, the ability of the Bureau to distinguish the impact of the 
2013 Final Rule on depository institutions and credit unions with $10 
billion or less in total assets (as described in section 1026 of the 
Dodd-Frank Act) from the impact on depository institutions and credit 
unions in general is quite limited. Overall, the impact of the 2013 
Final Rule on depository institutions and credit unions will depend on 
a number of factors, including whether they are remittance transfer 
providers, the importance of remittance transfers for the institutions, 
how many institutions or countries they send to, the cost of complying 
with the 2012 Final Rule, and the progress made toward compliance with 
the 2012 Final Rule.
    However, information that the Bureau obtained prior to finalizing 
the August Final Rule suggests that among depository institutions and 
credit unions that provide any remittance transfers, an institution's 
asset size and

[[Page 30699]]

the number of remittance transfers sent by the institution are 
positively, though imperfectly, related. There are several inferences 
that can be drawn from this relationship. First, the Bureau expects 
that among depository institutions and credit unions with $10 billion 
or less in total assets that provide any remittance transfers, compared 
to larger such institutions, a greater share qualify for the safe 
harbor related to the definition of ``remittance transfer provider'' 
and therefore are entirely unaffected by the 2013 Final Rule because 
they are not subject to the requirements of the 2012 Final Rule. See 
Sec.  1005.30(f)(2). Second, the Bureau believes that depository 
institutions and credit unions with $10 billion or less in total assets 
that are covered by the 2012 Final Rule will experience, on a per-
institution basis, less of the variable benefits and costs described 
above because they generally perform fewer remittance transfers than 
larger institutions. However, to the extent that the 2013 Final Rule 
will reduce any fixed costs of compliance, such as the costs of 
gathering information on taxes and fees if these institutions were to 
attempt to do that themselves, these institutions may experience more 
of the benefits described above, on a per-transfer basis because that 
is likely how they pay the third party for the compliance services.
    Additionally, the Bureau believes that the magnitude of the 2013 
Final Rule's impact on smaller depository institutions and credit 
unions will be affected by these institutions' likely tendency to rely 
on correspondents or other service providers to obtain recipient 
institution fee and foreign tax information, as well as provide 
standard disclosure forms. In some cases, this reliance will mitigate 
the impact on these providers of 2013 Final Rule's provisions regarding 
such information because those third parties will likely spread the 
cost of any required work (or cost savings) across its customer 
institutions.

E. Impact of the 2013 Final Rule on Consumers in Rural Areas

    Senders in rural areas may experience different impacts from the 
2013 Final Rule than other senders. The Bureau does not have data with 
which to analyze these impacts in detail. However, to the extent that 
the 2013 Final Rule leads to more remittance transfer providers to 
continue to provide remittance transfers, the 2013 Final Rule may 
disproportionately benefit senders living in rural areas. Senders in 
rural areas may have fewer options for sending remittance transfers, 
and therefore may benefit more than other senders from changes that 
keep more providers in the market.

VII. Regulatory Flexibility Act

A. Overview

    The Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA) generally requires an agency 
to conduct an initial regulatory flexibility analysis (IRFA) and a 
final regulatory flexibility analysis (FRFA) of any rule subject to 
notice-and-comment rulemaking requirements, unless the agency certifies 
that the rule will not have a significant economic impact on a 
substantial number of small entities. The Bureau also is subject to 
certain additional procedures under the RFA involving the convening of 
a panel to consult with small business representatives prior to 
proposing a rule for which an IRFA is required. 5 U.S.C. 609.
    The Bureau is certifying the 2013 Final Rule. Therefore, a FRFA is 
not required for this rule because it will not have a significant 
economic impact on a substantial number of small entities.

B. Affected Small Entities

    The analysis below evaluates the potential economic impact of the 
2013 Final Rule on small entities as defined by the RFA.\19\ The 2013 
Final Rule applies to entities that satisfy the definition of 
``remittance transfer provider'': any person that provides remittance 
transfers for a consumer in the normal course of its business, 
regardless of whether the consumer holds an account with such person. 
See Sec.  1005.30(f).\20\ Potentially affected small entities include 
insured depository institutions and credit unions that have $175 
million or less in assets and that provide remittance transfers in the 
normal course of their business, as well as non-depository institutions 
that have average annual receipts that do not exceed $7 million and 
that provide remittance transfers in the normal course of their 
business.\21\ These affected small non-depository entities may include 
state-licensed money transmitters, broker-dealers, and other money 
transmission companies.\22\
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    \19\ For purposes of assessing the impacts of the 2013 Final 
Rule on small entities, ``small entities'' is defined in the RFA to 
include small businesses, small not-for-profit organizations, and 
small government jurisdictions. 5 U.S.C. 601(6). A ``small 
business'' is determined by application of Small Business 
Administration regulations and reference to the North American 
Industry Classification System (``NAICS'') classifications and size 
standards. 5 U.S.C. 601(3). A ``small organization'' is any ``not-
for-profit enterprise which is independently owned and operated and 
is not dominant in its field.'' 5 U.S.C. 601(4). A ``small 
governmental jurisdiction'' is the government of a city, county, 
town, township, village, school district, or special district with a 
population of less than 50,000. 5 U.S.C. 601(5).
    \20\ The definition of ``remittance transfer provider'' includes 
a safe harbor that means that if a person provided 100 or fewer 
remittance transfers in the previous calendar year and provides 100 
or fewer such transfers in the current calendar year, it is deemed 
not to be providing remittance transfers for a consumer in the 
normal course of its business, and is thus not a remittance transfer 
provider. See Sec.  1005.30(f)(2).
    \21\ Small Bus. Admin., Table of Small Business Size Standards 
Matched to North American Industry Classification System Codes, 
http://www.sba.gov/sites/default/files/files/Size_Standards_Table.pdf. Effective October 1, 2012.
    \22\ Many state-licensed money transmitters act through agents. 
However, the 2012 Final Rule applies to remittance transfer 
providers and explains, in official commentary, that a person is not 
deemed to be acting as a provider when it performs activities as an 
agent on behalf of a provider. Comment 30(f)-1. Furthermore, for the 
purpose of this analysis, the Bureau assumes that providers, and not 
their agents, will assume any costs associated with implementing the 
modifications.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    This analysis examines the benefits, costs, and impacts of the key 
provisions of the 2013 Final Rule relative to the baseline provided by 
the 2012 Final Rule. The Bureau has discretion in future rulemakings to 
choose the most appropriate baseline for that particular rulemaking.

C. Non-Covered Third-Party Fees and Taxes Collected on the Remittance 
Transfer by a Person Other Than the Provider

    The 2013 Final Rule eliminates the requirement that remittance 
transfer providers disclose non-covered third-party fees imposed and 
taxes collected on the remittance transfer by a person other than the 
provider. Under the 2013 Final Rule, providers are required to provide 
disclaimers, where applicable, noting that additional fees and taxes 
may apply and reduce the amount disclosed pursuant to Sec.  
1005.31(b)(1)(vii). The Bureau believes that the cost of adding these 
disclaimers will be small. Affected providers will also have to 
reprogram systems to conform to the new requirements for calculating 
``Other Fees'' (pursuant to Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(vi)) and the amount to 
be disclosed (pursuant to Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(vii)). All providers will 
have to remove references to ``Other Taxes'' from their forms, and make 
any necessary systems changes, insofar as the Bureau has eliminated 
this disclosure. The modifications to existing forms and systems 
changes may be minimal for many providers whose processes allow for 
them to adjust forms and systems more easily, and the Bureau expects 
that some providers may not have finished any systems modifications 
necessary to comply with the 2012 Final Rule, and thus may be

[[Page 30700]]

able to incorporate any changes into previously planned work. 
Furthermore, to the extent any provider elects to provide optional 
disclosures of non-covered third-party fees or taxes collected on the 
remittance transfer by a person other than the provider, providers may 
bear some costs in determining these amounts and programming 
disclosures to allow for the dynamic disclosure of this information. 
Also, the Bureau expects that many small depository institutions and 
credit unions are relying on correspondent institutions or other 
service providers to provide standard disclosure forms; as a result, 
related costs will often be spread across multiple institutions.
    The 2013 Final Rule's elimination of the requirement to disclose 
non-covered third-party fees and taxes collected on the remittance 
transfer by a person other than the provider may provide meaningful 
benefits to remittance transfer providers. The benefits include a 
reduced cost to prepare required disclosures. Furthermore, industry has 
suggested that due in part to the 2012 Final Rule's third party fee and 
foreign tax disclosure requirements, some providers might have 
eliminated or reduced their remittance transfer offerings, such as by 
not sending to countries where tax or fee information is particularly 
difficult to obtain, due to the lack of ongoing reliable and complete 
information sources. By reducing the amount of information needed to 
provide disclosures, the 2013 Final Rule will encourage more providers 
(including small entities) to retain their current services (and thus 
any associated profit, revenue, and customers).
    The Bureau expects that, amongst small entities, the revised 
provisions regarding recipient institution fees will have the largest 
effect on remittance transfer providers that are depository 
institutions, credit unions, and broker-dealers that are remittance 
transfer providers. These types of providers tend to send most or all 
of their remittances transfers to foreign accounts, for which recipient 
institution fees may be charged. Furthermore, due to the mechanisms 
these providers use to send money, they generally have the ability to 
send transfers to virtually any destination country for which tax 
research might be required. By contrast, money transmitters that are 
providers are more likely to send remittance transfers to be received 
by agents, for which non-covered third-party fees will not be relevant. 
Furthermore, with some exception, most money transmitters, and 
particularly small ones, generally send transfers to a limited number 
of countries and institutions, so the benefits, in avoided costs, of 
eliminating the requirement that taxes be disclosed may not be as large 
for money transmitters as for other providers.

D. Incorrect or Insufficient Information

    The 2013 Final Rule includes two sets of changes related to errors 
caused by the sender's provision of incorrect or insufficient 
information. First, the 2013 Final Rule creates a new exception to the 
definition of the error for situations in which a sender provides an 
incorrect account number or recipient institution identifier, and the 
remittance transfer provider meets certain conditions. Second, the 2013 
Final Rule also adjusts the remedy in certain situations in which an 
error occurred because the sender provided incorrect or insufficient 
information (other than those covered by the new exception).
    The Bureau expects that a number of small remittance transfer 
providers will be unaffected by the changes regarding the definition of 
error as they only apply to remittance transfers that are received in 
accounts. Though some money transmitters send money to be deposited 
into bank accounts, the Bureau's outreach suggests that, unlike most 
small depository institutions, credit unions, and broker-dealers, many 
small money transmitters only send money to be received in cash, and 
some of those that do send money to be deposited into accounts may be 
doing so through agent relationships.
    With regard to small remittance transfer providers that do send 
money to accounts at recipient institutions that are not agents, the 
new exception to the definition of error does not impose any mandatory 
costs. Under the 2013 Final Rule, certain account number and recipient 
institution identifier mistakes will no longer generate ``errors'' if 
the provider satisfied certain conditions enumerated in Sec.  
1005.33(h). Instead of satisfying these conditions, providers can 
continue under the 2012 Final Rule's definition of error.
    If remittance transfer providers choose to satisfy the conditions 
enumerated in Sec.  1005.33(h), they may incur some costs for 
implementing certain verification procedures pursuant to Sec.  
1005.33(h)(2) and changing the terms of their consumer contracts or 
other communications to provide senders the notice contemplated by 
Sec.  1005.33(h)(3). However, the Bureau expects that the cost of 
providing this notice will be modest, particularly because the 2013 
Final Rule does not mandate any particular notice, form, or format 
(apart from requiring that the notice be clear and conspicuous and 
meeting certain foreign language requirements), and the Bureau expects 
that many providers already have included any such notice into existing 
communications or the required prepayment disclosures. While the notice 
required by Sec.  1005.33(h)(3) must generally be in writing, the 
Bureau also believes that providers already provide this notice in 
writing.
    The Bureau believes that satisfying the remainder of the conditions 
in Sec.  1005.33(h) will not impose new costs on remittance transfer 
providers because their existing practices generally will already 
satisfy those conditions. In particular, based on outreach, the Bureau 
believes that that keeping records or other documents that can satisfy 
the conditions described in Sec.  1005.33(h) will generally match 
providers' usual and customary practices to serve their customers, to 
manage their risk, and to satisfy the requirements under the 2012 Final 
Rule to retain records of the findings of investigations of alleged 
errors. See Sec.  1005.33(g)(2).
    In any case, the Bureau expects that remittance transfer providers 
will only develop their practices to comply with Sec.  1005.33(h), and 
thus take advantage of the new exception to the definition of error, if 
doing so will reduce the costs of losses due to account number and 
recipient institution identifier mistakes by senders or fraud by more 
than the costs of implementing these practices. The Bureau believes 
that for most providers, including small ones, the changes to the 
definition of error likely will provide greater benefits than 
implementation costs. If the new exception applies, providers will no 
longer bear the cost of funds that they could not recover if they are 
able to satisfy the conditions of Sec.  1005.33(h). Providers will 
further benefit if the 2013 Final Rule reduces the potential for 
fraudulent account number and recipient institution identifier mistakes 
made by unscrupulous senders, which providers have cited as a risk 
under the 2012 Final Rule. By reducing the remedies available in such 
cases, the 2013 Final Rule will reduce the direct costs of fraud and 
the indirect costs of fraud prevention and facilitate providers' 
continued participation in the remittance transfer market, without (or 
with fewer) new limitations on service. Industry commenters indicated 
that, at least in part, due to the risk of such fraud under the 2012 
Final Rule, providers might exit the market or limit the size or type 
of transfers sent.
    The change regarding remedies for certain errors that occurred 
because the

[[Page 30701]]

sender provided incorrect or insufficient information will also benefit 
small remittance transfer providers, though the Bureau expects that the 
benefits would be small because the circumstances covered by the change 
will arise very infrequently.\23\ In instances in which they are 
applicable, the changes will require a provider to refund the transfer 
amount unless the sender requested a resend after being informed of the 
results of the error investigation and the provider agreed to such a 
resend. Any request to resend the funds will be treated as a new 
remittance transfer. Similarly, the changes will benefit providers 
insofar as they may deduct from the amount refunded, or applied towards 
a new transfer, any fees or taxes actually deducted from the transfer 
amount by a person other than the provider and thus they will no longer 
have to bear the cost of these fees and taxes, which previously 
providers could not pass on to senders. The changes regarding certain 
instances in which remittance transfer providers resend transactions to 
correct errors could impose a cost on providers to revise their 
procedures. Providers may also have to bear costs from the need to 
adjust their default remedies, procedures for requesting senders' 
preferred remedies, and error resolution reports, but the Bureau 
believes these costs will be modest.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \23\ The Bureau expects that remittance transfer providers will 
generally experience low error rates. Prior to the February Final 
Rule, the Credit Union National Association reported a rate of less 
than 1% for international wire ``exceptions.'' In more recent 
outreach, other industry participants suggested that investigation 
or exception rates for international wire transfers tend to be 
between 1 percent and 3 percent of all wire transfers.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

E. Effective Date

    The 2013 Final Rule will not take effect until October 28, 2013. 
This change will generally benefit small remittance transfer providers, 
by delaying the start of any ongoing compliance costs. The additional 
time might also enable providers (and their vendors) to build solutions 
that cost less than those that might otherwise have been possible.

F. Cost of Credit for Small Entities

    The 2013 Final Rule does not apply to credit transactions or to 
commercial remittances. Therefore, the Bureau does not expect this rule 
to increase the cost of credit for small businesses. With a few 
exceptions, the 2013 Final Rule generally does not change or lowers the 
cost of compliance for depositories and credit unions, many of which 
offer small business credit. Any effect of the 2013 Final Rule on small 
business credit, however, would be highly attenuated. The 2013 Final 
Rule also generally does not change or lowers the cost of compliance 
for money transmitters. Money transmitters typically do not extend 
credit to any entity, including small businesses.

G. Certification

    Accordingly, the undersigned hereby certifies that this rule will 
not have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small 
entities.

VIII. Paperwork Reduction Act

    Pursuant to the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 (44 U.S.C. 3501 et 
seq.) (PRA) requires that the Bureau may not conduct or sponsor and, 
notwithstanding any other provision of law, a respondent is not 
required to respond to an information collection unless the collection 
displays a valid OMB control number. Regulation E, 12 CFR part 1005, 
contains collections of information that have previously approved by 
OMB. The Bureau's OMB control number for Regulation E is 3170-0014. 
Certain provisions of the 2013 Final Rule contain revisions to the 
information collection requirements as currently approved under OMB No. 
3170-0014. The revised information collection requirements as contained 
in the 2013 Final Rule and identified as such have been submitted to 
OMB for review under section 3507(d) of the PRA and are not effective 
until OMB approval is obtained. The unapproved revised information 
collection requirements are contained in Sec. Sec.  
1005.31(b)(1)(viii), 1005.33(h), and 1005.33(g) of this final rule. 
Documentation prepared in support of this submission to OMB is 
available at www.reginfo.gov. This documentation contains among other 
things a description of likely respondents to these information 
collection requirements and detailed burden analysis. The Bureau will 
publish a separate notice in the Federal Register announcing OMB's 
action on this submission.

A. Overview

    The title of these information collections is Electronic Fund 
Transfer Act (Regulation E) 12 CFR part 1005. The frequency of 
collection is on occasion. As described below, the 2013 Final Rule 
amends portions of the collections of information currently in 
Regulation E. Some portions of these information collections are 
required to provide benefits for consumers and are mandatory. However, 
some portions are voluntary because certain information collections 
under the 2013 Final Rule would simply give remittance transfer 
providers optional methods of compliance. Because the Bureau does not 
collect any information under the 2013 Final Rule, no issue of 
confidentiality arises. The likely respondents are providers, including 
small businesses. Respondents are required to retain records for 24 
months, but this regulation does not specify the types of records that 
must be maintained. See Sec. Sec.  1005.13(c) and 1005.33(g)(2).
    Under the 2013 Final Rule, the Bureau generally accounts for the 
paperwork burden associated with Regulation E for the following 
respondents pursuant to its administrative enforcement authority: 
Insured depository institutions and insured credit unions with more 
than $10 billion in total assets, and their depository institution and 
credit union affiliates (together, ``the Bureau depository 
respondents''), and certain non-depository remittance transfer 
providers, such as certain state-licensed money transmitters and 
broker-dealers (``the Bureau non-depository respondents'').
    Using the Bureau's burden estimation methodology, the Bureau 
estimates that the total one-time burden for the estimated 5,915 
respondents potentially affected by the 2013 Final Rule would be 
approximately 385,000 hours.\24\ The Bureau estimates that the ongoing 
burden to comply with Regulation E would be reduced by approximately 
276,000 hours per year by the 2013 Final Rule. The aggregate estimates 
of total burdens presented in this analysis are based on estimated 
costs that are averages across respondents. The Bureau expects that the 
amount of time required to implement the changes for a given remittance 
transfer provider may

[[Page 30702]]

vary based on the size, complexity, and practices of the respondent.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \24\ The decrease in respondents relative to the PRA analysis 
for the August Final Rule reflects a change in the number of insured 
depository institutions and credit unions supervised by the Bureau, 
a focus on the Bureau's estimate of the number of insured depository 
institutions and credit unions that will qualify as remittance 
transfer providers, and a revision by the Bureau of the estimated 
number of state-licensed money transmitters that offer remittance 
services. The revised estimate of the number of state-licensed money 
transmitters that offer remittance services is based on subsequent 
analysis of publicly available state registration lists and other 
information about the business practices of licensed entities. The 
decrease in burden relative to what was previously reported for the 
2012 Final Rule from this revision is not included in the change in 
burden reported here. However, the revised entity counts are used 
for calculating other changes in burden that will arise from the 
2013 Final Rule. The total estimated number of respondents also 
includes an estimated 162 broker-dealers that may be remittance 
transfer providers.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    For the 153 Bureau depository respondents, the Bureau estimates for 
the purpose of this PRA analysis that the 2013 Final Rule will increase 
one-time burden by approximately 9,900 hours and reduce ongoing burden 
by approximately 7,300 hours per year. For the estimated 300 Bureau 
non-depository respondents, the Bureau estimates that the 2013 Final 
Rule will increase one-time burden by approximately 20,000 hours and 
reduce ongoing burden by 6,300 hours per year.\25\ The Bureau and the 
Federal Trade Commission (FTC) generally both have enforcement 
authority over non-depository institutions under Regulation E, 
including state-licensed money transmitters. The Bureau has allocated 
to itself half of its estimated burden to Bureau non-depository 
respondents, (or approximately 10,000 hours in one-time burden and a 
reduction in ongoing burden of 3,150 hours) which is based on an 
estimate of the number of state-licensed money transmitters that are 
remittance transfer providers. The FTC is responsible for estimating 
and reporting to OMB its total paperwork burden for the institutions 
for which it has administrative enforcement authority. It may, but is 
not required to, use the Bureau's burden estimation methodology.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \25\ The Bureau's estimate of non-depository respondents is 
based on an estimate of the number of state-licensed money 
transmitters that are remittance transfer providers. Furthermore, 
the Bureau notes that while its analysis in the February Final Rule 
attributed burden to the agents of state-licensed money 
transmitters, in this case, the Bureau expects that the changes in 
burden discussed in this PRA analysis will generally be borne only 
by money transmitters themselves, not their agents. In particular, 
the Bureau believes that money transmitters will generally gather 
and prepare recipient institution fee and foreign tax information 
centrally, rather than requiring their agents to do so. Similarly, 
the Bureau expects that money transmitters will generally 
investigate and respond to errors centrally, rather than asking 
their agents to take responsibility for such functions. Comment 
30(f)-1 states that a person is not deemed to be acting as a 
remittance transfer provider when it performs activities as an agent 
on behalf of a remittance transfer provider.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

B. Analysis of Potential Burden

1. Recipient Institution Fees and Foreign Taxes
    As described in parts V and VI above, in lieu of disclosing certain 
recipient institution fees and foreign taxes, remittance transfer 
providers will be required to bear some cost of modifying their systems 
to include the disclaimer required by Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(viii). 
Effected providers will also have to reprogram systems to conform to 
the new requirements for calculating ``Other Fees'' (pursuant to Sec.  
1005.31(b)(1)(vi)) and the amount to be disclosed (pursuant to Sec.  
1005.31(b)(1)(vii)). In addition, certain providers may choose to 
program their systems to include the option to disclose non-covered 
third-party fees and taxes collected by a person other than the 
provider pursuant to Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(viii). All providers will have 
to remove references to ``Other Taxes'' from their forms. The Bureau 
also expects that many depository institutions and credit unions are 
relying on correspondent institutions or other service providers to 
provide recipient institution fee and foreign tax information, as well 
as standard disclosure forms; as a result, any development cost 
associated with the 2013 Final Rule will be spread across multiple 
institutions.
    Furthermore, the Bureau expects that some remittance transfer 
providers may not have finished any systems modifications necessary to 
comply with the 2012 Final Rule, and thus may be able to incorporate 
any changes into previously accounted-for work. In the interest of 
providing a conservative estimate, however, the Bureau assumes that all 
providers will need to modify their systems to calculate disclosures 
and to add the new disclaimers. The Bureau estimates that making 
revisions to systems to adjust to the new disclosure requirements will 
take, on average, 40 hours per provider. Because the forms to be 
modified are existing forms, the Bureau estimates that adding the 
disclaimer will require eight hours per form per provider.
    On the other hand, the 2013 Final Rule will eliminate remittance 
transfer providers' ongoing cost of obtaining and updating information 
on foreign taxes and, for some providers, eliminate the ongoing cost of 
obtaining and updating information on recipient institution fees. By 
eliminating these ongoing costs, the Bureau estimates that insured 
depository institutions and credit unions will save, on average, 48 
hours per year and non-depository institutions will save, on average, 
21 hours per year. The Bureau cannot estimate the number of providers 
that will choose to provide optional disclosures of foreign taxes and 
non-covered third-party fees. The Bureau believes even for such 
providers there will be significant time savings as providers may 
choose to focus on heavily trafficked corridors where information may 
be more easily obtainable.
2. Incorrect or Insufficient Information
    As described in parts V and VI above, the Bureau expects that 
remittance transfer providers that send money to accounts, in order to 
benefit from the changes to the definition of the term error, may 
choose to provide senders with notice that if they provide incorrect 
account numbers, they could lose the transfer amount, and providers may 
also choose to maintain sufficient records to satisfy, wherever 
possible, the conditions enumerated in Sec.  1005.33(h) (though no such 
recordkeeping is required). These enumerated conditions include: Being 
able to demonstrate facts regarding senders' responsibility for any 
account number or recipient institution identifier mistake; 
verification of recipient institution identifiers; the above-referenced 
notice; the results of an incorrect account number or recipient 
institution identifier; and the provider's effort to recover funds. In 
addition, Sec.  1005.33(h) may encourage providers to implement 
security procedures for verifying account and recipient institution 
identifiers that they did not previously utilize.
    Because this will likely involve modifications to existing 
communications, the Bureau estimates that providing senders with the 
notice described above will require a one-time burden of eight hours 
per remittance transfer provider and will not generate any ongoing 
burden. With regard to satisfying compliance with the conditions 
enumerated in Sec.  1005.33(h), the Bureau believes that any related 
record retention will be a usual and customary practice by providers 
under the 2012 Final Rule, and that therefore there will be no 
additional burden associated with these aspects of the 2013 Final Rule. 
Many commenters indicated that their existing disclosures to consumers 
already contain a notice of the sort contemplated by this provision.
    Under the 2013 Final Rule, to correct an error caused by incorrect 
or insufficient information provided by a sender, a remittance transfer 
provider must refund a transfer amount to the sender, unless the sender 
specifically requests that the provider resend the funds as a new 
remittance transfer and the provider agrees to do so. When a sender and 
provider agree to send a new transfer, the procedures for sending that 
new transfer should not result in any increased burden.\26\
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    \26\ In the December Proposal, the Bureau proposed that 
providers be permitted to use simplified disclosures that would have 
contained one additional piece of information that was not otherwise 
required on existing disclosures. Insofar as the Bureau is not 
finalizing this part of the December Proposal, the burden allotted 
to this disclosure is not included in this analysis.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The Bureau also estimates that to reflect the changes regarding 
certain errors, remittance transfer providers will

[[Page 30703]]

spend, on average, one hour, to update written policies and procedures 
designed to ensure compliance with respect to the error resolution 
requirements applicable to providers, pursuant to Sec.  1005.33(g).
    The Bureau expects that the revised remedy for certain errors will 
also reduce remittance transfer providers' ongoing burden, by 
eliminating the need to provide both a pre-payment disclosure and a 
receipt under covered circumstances. However, because the Bureau 
expects that the covered circumstances will arise very infrequently, 
the Bureau expects that this burden reduction would be minimal.
    In summary, the 2013 Final Rule will result in an increase in one-
time burden for CFPB respondents of approximately 20,000 hours and a 
decrease in ongoing burden for CFPB respondents of 10,000 hours per 
year. The current total annual burden for OMB No. 3170-0014 is 
4,005,122 hours. As a result of the 2013 Final Rule, the new burden for 
OMB No. 3170-0014 will be 4,014,323 hours.

List of Subjects in 12 CFR Part 1005

    Banking, Banks, Consumer protection, Credit unions, Electronic fund 
transfers, National banks, Remittance transfers, Reporting and 
recordkeeping requirements, Savings associations.

Authority and Issuance

    For the reasons stated in the preamble, the Bureau further amends 
12 CFR part 1005, as amended February 7, 2012 (77 FR 6194) and August 
20, 2012 (77 FR 50244) and delayed January 29, 2013 (78 FR 6025), as 
set forth below:

PART 1005--ELECTRONIC FUND TRANSFERS (REGULATION E)

0
1. The authority citation for part 1005 continues to read as follows:

    Authority: 12 U.S.C. 5512, 5581; 15 U.S.C. 1693b.
    Subpart B is also issued under 12 U.S.C. 5601.

Subpart B--Requirements for Remittance Transfers

0
2. Section 1005.30 is amended by revising the introductory text and 
adding paragraph (h) to read as follows:

Sec.  1005.30  Remittance transfer definitions.

    Except as otherwise provided, for purposes of this subpart, the 
following definitions apply:
* * * * *
    (h) Third-party fees. (1) ``Covered third-party fees.'' The term 
``covered third-party fees'' means any fees imposed on the remittance 
transfer by a person other than the remittance transfer provider except 
for fees described in paragraph (h)(2) of this section.
    (2) ``Non-covered third-party fees.'' The term ``non-covered third-
party fees'' means any fees imposed by the designated recipient's 
institution for receiving a remittance transfer into an account except 
if the institution acts as an agent of the remittance transfer 
provider.

0
3. Section 1005.31 is amended by revising paragraphs (a)(1), 
(b)(1)(ii), (b)(1)(v), (b)(1)(vi), (b)(1)(vii), (b)(2)(i), (c)(1), 
(c)(2), (c)(3), (f), and (g)(1), and adding paragraph (b)(1)(viii) to 
read as follows:

Sec.  1005.31  Disclosures.

    (a) General form of disclosures--(1) Clear and conspicuous. 
Disclosures required by this subpart or permitted by paragraph 
(b)(1)(viii) of this section or Sec.  1005.33(h)(3) must be clear and 
conspicuous. Disclosures required by this subpart or permitted by 
paragraph (b)(1)(viii) of this section or Sec.  1005.33(h)(3) may 
contain commonly accepted or readily understandable abbreviations or 
symbols.
* * * * *
    (b) * * *
    (1) * * *
    (ii) Any fees imposed and any taxes collected on the remittance 
transfer by the provider, in the currency in which the remittance 
transfer is funded, using the terms ``Transfer Fees'' for fees and 
``Transfer Taxes'' for taxes, or substantially similar terms;
* * * * *
    (v) The amount in paragraph (b)(1)(i) of this section, in the 
currency in which the funds will be received by the designated 
recipient, but only if covered third-party fees are imposed under 
paragraph (b)(1)(vi) of this section, using the term ``Transfer 
Amount'' or a substantially similar term. The exchange rate used to 
calculate this amount is the exchange rate in paragraph (b)(1)(iv) of 
this section, including an estimated exchange rate to the extent 
permitted by Sec.  1005.32, prior to any rounding of the exchange rate;
    (vi) Any covered third-party fees, in the currency in which the 
funds will be received by the designated recipient, using the term 
``Other Fees,'' or a substantially similar term. The exchange rate used 
to calculate any covered third-party fees is the exchange rate in 
paragraph (b)(1)(iv) of this section, including an estimated exchange 
rate to the extent permitted by Sec.  1005.32, prior to any rounding of 
the exchange rate;
    (vii) The amount that will be received by the designated recipient, 
in the currency in which the funds will be received, using the term 
``Total to Recipient'' or a substantially similar term except that this 
amount shall not include non-covered third party fees or taxes 
collected on the remittance transfer by a person other than the 
provider regardless of whether such fees or taxes are disclosed 
pursuant to paragraph (b)(1)(viii) of this section. The exchange rate 
used to calculate this amount is the exchange rate in paragraph 
(b)(1)(iv) of this section, including an estimated exchange rate to the 
extent permitted by Sec.  1005.32, prior to any rounding of the 
exchange rate.
    (viii) A statement indicating that non-covered third-party fees or 
taxes collected on the remittance transfer by a person other than the 
provider may apply to the remittance transfer and result in the 
designated recipient receiving less than the amount disclosed pursuant 
to paragraph (b)(1)(vii) of this section. A provider may only include 
this statement to the extent that such fees or taxes do or may apply to 
the transfer, using the language set forth in Model Forms A-30(a) 
through (c) of Appendix A to this part, as appropriate, or 
substantially similar language. In this statement, a provider also may, 
but is not required, to disclose any applicable non-covered third-party 
fees or taxes collected by a person other than the provider. Any such 
figure must be disclosed in the currency in which the funds will be 
received, using the language set forth in Model Forms A-30(b) through 
(d) of Appendix A to this part, as appropriate, or substantially 
similar language. The exchange rate used to calculate any disclosed 
non-covered third-party fees or taxes collected on the remittance 
transfer by a person other than the provider is the exchange rate in 
paragraph (b)(1)(iv) of this section, including an estimated exchange 
rate to the extent permitted by Sec.  1005.32, prior to any rounding of 
the exchange rate;
    (2) * * *
    (i) The disclosures described in paragraphs (b)(1)(i) through 
(viii) of this section;
* * * * *
    (c) Specific format requirements--(1) Grouping. The information 
required by paragraphs (b)(1)(i), (ii), and (iii) of this section 
generally must be grouped together. The information required by 
paragraphs (b)(1)(v), (vi), (vii), and (viii) of this section generally 
must be grouped together. Disclosures provided via mobile application 
or text message, to the extent permitted by paragraph (a)(5) of this 
section, generally need not comply with the grouping requirements

[[Page 30704]]

of this paragraph, however information required or permitted by 
paragraph (b)(1)(viii) of this section must be grouped with information 
required by paragraph (b)(1)(vii) of this section.
    (2) Proximity. The information required by paragraph (b)(1)(iv) of 
this section generally must be disclosed in close proximity to the 
other information required by paragraph (b)(1) of this section. The 
information required by paragraph (b)(2)(iv) of this section generally 
must be disclosed in close proximity to the other information required 
by paragraph (b)(2) of this section. The information required or 
permitted by paragraph (b)(1)(viii) must be in close proximity to the 
information required by paragraph (b)(1)(vii) of this section. 
Disclosures provided via mobile application or text message, to the 
extent permitted by paragraph (a)(5) of this section, generally need 
not comply with the proximity requirements of this paragraph, however 
information required or permitted by paragraph (b)(1)(viii) of this 
section must follow the information required by paragraph (b)(1)(vii) 
of this section.
    (3) Prominence and size. Written disclosures required by this 
subpart or permitted by paragraph (b)(1)(viii) of this section must be 
provided on the front of the page on which the disclosure is printed. 
Disclosures required by this subpart or permitted by paragraph 
(b)(1)(viii) of this section that are provided in writing or 
electronically must be in a minimum eight-point font, except for 
disclosures provided via mobile application or text message, to the 
extent permitted by paragraph (a)(5) of this section. Disclosures 
required by paragraph (b) of this section or permitted by paragraph 
(b)(1)(viii) of this section that are provided in writing or 
electronically must be in equal prominence to each other.
* * * * *
    (f) Accurate when payment is made. Except as provided in Sec.  
1005.36(b), disclosures required by this section or permitted by 
paragraph (b)(1)(viii) of this section must be accurate when a sender 
makes payment for the remittance transfer, except to the extent 
estimates are permitted by Sec.  1005.32.
    (g) Foreign language disclosures--(1) General. Except as provided 
in paragraph (g)(2) of this section, disclosures required by this 
subpart or permitted by paragraph (b)(1)(viii) of this section or Sec.  
1005.33(h)(3) must be made in English and, if applicable, either in:
* * * * *

0
4. Section 1005.32 is amended by revising paragraphs (b)(2)(ii) and 
(c)(3), adding paragraph (b)(3), revising paragraph (c)(4) and removing 
paragraph (c)(5) to read as follows:

Sec.  1005.32  Estimates.

* * * * *
    (b) * * *
    (2) * * *
    (ii) Covered third-party fees described in Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(vi) 
may be estimated under paragraph (b)(2)(i) of this section only if the 
exchange rate is also estimated under paragraph (b)(2)(i) of this 
section and the estimated exchange rate affects the amount of such 
fees.
* * * * *
    (3) Permanent exception for optional disclosure of non-covered 
third-party fees and taxes collected by a person other than the 
provider. For disclosures described in Sec. Sec.  1005.31(b)(1) through 
(3) and 1005.36(a)(1) and (2), estimates may be provided for applicable 
non-covered third-party fees and taxes collected on the remittance 
transfer by a person other than the provider, which are permitted to be 
disclosed under Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(viii), provided such estimates are 
based on reasonable sources of information.
    (c) * * *
    (3) Covered third-party fees. (i) Imposed as percentage of amount 
transferred. In disclosing covered third-party fees, as described under 
Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(vi), that are a percentage of the amount 
transferred to the designated recipient, an estimated exchange rate 
must be based on the estimated exchange rate provided in accordance 
with paragraph (c)(1) of this section, prior to any rounding of the 
estimated exchange rate.
    (ii) Imposed by the intermediary or final institution. In 
disclosing covered third-party fees pursuant to Sec.  
1005.31(b)(1)(vi), an estimate must be based on one of the following:
* * * * *
    (4) Amount of currency that will be received by the designated 
recipient. In disclosing the amount of currency that will be received 
by the designated recipient as required under Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(vii), 
an estimate must be based on the information provided in accordance 
with paragraphs (c)(1) through (3) of this section, as applicable.

0
5. Section 1005.33 is amended by revising paragraphs (a)(1)(iii), 
(a)(1)(iv)(B), (c)(2) introductory text, (c)(2)(ii) introductory text, 
(c)(2)(ii)(A)(2) and (c)(2)(ii)(B), redesignating paragraph (c)(2)(iii) 
as paragraph (c)(2)(iv), and adding paragraphs (a)(1)(iv)(D), 
(c)(2)(iii) and (h) to read as follows:

Sec.  1005.33  Procedures for resolving errors.

    (a) * * *
    (1) * * *
    (iii) The failure to make available to a designated recipient the 
amount of currency disclosed pursuant to Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(vii) and 
stated in the disclosure provided to the sender under Sec.  
1005.31(b)(2) or (3) for the remittance transfer, unless:
    (A) The disclosure stated an estimate of the amount to be received 
in accordance with Sec.  1005.32(a), (b)(1) or (b)(2) and the 
difference results from application of the actual exchange rate, fees, 
and taxes, rather than any estimated amounts; or
    (B) The failure resulted from extraordinary circumstances outside 
the remittance transfer provider's control that could not have been 
reasonably anticipated; or
    (C) The difference results from the application of non-covered 
third-party fees or taxes collected on the remittance transfer by a 
person other than the provider and the provider provided the disclosure 
required by Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(viii).
    (iv) * * *
    (B) Delays related to the remittance transfer provider's fraud 
screening procedures or in accordance with the Bank Secrecy Act, 31 
U.S.C. 5311 et seq., Office of Foreign Assets Control requirements, or 
similar laws or requirements;
* * * * *
    (D) The sender having provided the remittance transfer provider an 
incorrect account number or recipient institution identifier for the 
designated recipient's account or institution, provided that the 
remittance transfer provider meets the conditions set forth in 
paragraph (h) of this section;
* * * * *
    (c) * * *
    (2) Remedies. Except as provided in paragraph (c)(2)(iii) of this 
section, if, following an assertion of an error by a sender, the 
remittance transfer provider determines an error occurred, the provider 
shall, within one business day of, or as soon as reasonably practicable 
after, receiving the sender's instructions regarding the appropriate 
remedy, correct the error as designated by the sender by:
* * * * *
    (ii) Except as provided in paragraph (c)(2)(iii) of this section, 
in the case of an error under paragraph (a)(1)(iv) of this section
    (A) * * *
    (2) Making available to the designated recipient the amount 
appropriate to resolve the error. Such amount must be

[[Page 30705]]

made available to the designated recipient without additional cost to 
the sender or to the designated recipient; and
    (B) Refunding to the sender any fees imposed and, to the extent not 
prohibited by law, taxes collected on the remittance transfer;
    (iii) In the case of an error under paragraph (a)(1)(iv) of this 
section that occurred because the sender provided incorrect or 
insufficient information in connection with the remittance transfer, 
the remittance transfer provider shall refund to the sender the amount 
of funds provided by the sender in connection with the remittance 
transfer that was not properly transmitted, or the amount appropriate 
to resolve the error, within three business days of providing the 
report required by paragraph (c)(1) or (d)(1) of this section except 
that the provider may agree to the sender's request, upon receiving the 
results of the error investigation, that the funds be applied towards a 
new remittance transfer, rather than be refunded, if the provider has 
not yet processed a refund. The provider may deduct from the amount 
refunded or applied towards a new transfer any fees actually imposed on 
or, to the extent not prohibited by law, taxes actually collected on 
the remittance transfer as part of the first unsuccessful remittance 
transfer attempt.
* * * * *
    (h) Incorrect account number or recipient institution identifier 
provided by the sender. The exception in paragraph (a)(1)(iv)(D) of 
this section applies if:
    (1) The remittance transfer provider can demonstrate that the 
sender provided an incorrect account number or recipient institution 
identifier to the provider in connection with the remittance transfer;
    (2) For any instance in which the sender provided the incorrect 
recipient institution identifier, prior to or when sending the 
transfer, the provider used reasonably available means to verify that 
the recipient institution identifier provided by the sender 
corresponded to the recipient institution name provided by the sender;
    (3) The provider provided notice to the sender before the sender 
made payment for the remittance transfer that, in the event the sender 
provided an incorrect account number or recipient institution 
identifier, the sender could lose the transfer amount. For purposes of 
providing this disclosure, Sec.  1005.31(a)(2) applies to this notice 
unless the notice is given at the same time as other disclosures 
required by this subpart for which information is permitted to be 
disclosed orally or via mobile application or text message, in which 
case this disclosure may be given in the same medium as those other 
disclosures;
    (4) The incorrect account number or recipient institution 
identifier resulted in the deposit of the remittance transfer into a 
customer's account that is not the designated recipient's account; and
    (5) The provider promptly used reasonable efforts to recover the 
amount that was to be received by the designated recipient.

0
6. Appendix A to part 1005 is amended as follows:
0
a. Title A-30 is removed and reserved and new titles A-30(a) through A-
30(d) are added.
0
b. New Model Forms A-30(a), A-30(b), A-30(c), A-30(d) are added, and 
Model Forms A-31 through A-41 are revised.
    The additions and revisions read as follows:

Appendix A to Part 1005--Model Disclosures and Forms

* * * * *
A-30(a)--Model Form for Pre-Payment Disclosures for Remittance 
Transfers Exchanged into Local Currency including a disclaimer where 
non-covered third-party fees and foreign taxes may apply (Sec.  
1005.31(b)(1))
A-30(b) --Model Form for Pre-Payment Disclosures for Remittance 
Transfers Exchanged into Local Currency including a disclaimer with 
estimate for non-covered third-party fees (Sec.  1005.31(b)(1) and 
Sec.  1005.32(b)(3))
A-30(c)--Model Form for Pre-Payment Disclosures for Remittance 
Transfers Exchanged into Local Currency including a disclaimer with 
estimate for foreign taxes (Sec.  1005.31(b)(1) and Sec.  
1005.32(b)(3))
A-30(d)--Model Form for Pre-Payment Disclosures for Remittance 
Transfers Exchanged into Local Currency, including a disclaimer with 
estimates for non-covered third-party fees and foreign taxes (Sec.  
1005.31(b)(1) and Sec.  1005.32(b)(3))
* * * * *
A-30(a)--Model Form for Pre-Payment Disclosures for Remittance 
Transfers Exchanged into Local Currency (Sec.  1005.31(b)(1))
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR22MY13.242

A-30(b)--Model Form for Pre-Payment Disclosures for Remittance 
Transfers Exchanged into Local Currency (Sec.  1005.31(b)(1))
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR22MY13.243

[[Page 30706]]

A-30(c)--Model Form for Pre-Payment Disclosures for Remittance 
Transfers Exchanged into Local Currency (Sec.  1005.31(b)(1))
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR22MY13.244

A-30(d)--Model Form for Pre-Payment Disclosures for Remittance 
Transfers Exchanged into Local Currency (Sec.  1005.31(b)(1))
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR22MY13.245

A-31--Model Form for Receipts for Remittance Transfers Exchanged 
into Local Currency (Sec.  1005.31(b)(2))
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR22MY13.246

A-32--Model Form for Combined Disclosures for Remittance Transfers 
Exchanged into Local Currency (Sec.  1005.31(b)(3))
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR22MY13.247

[[Page 30707]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR22MY13.248

A-33--Model Form for Pre-Payment Disclosures for Dollar-to-Dollar 
Remittance Transfers (Sec.  1005.31(b)(1))
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR22MY13.249

[[Page 30708]]

A-34--Model Form for Receipts for Dollar-to-Dollar Remittance 
Transfers (Sec.  1005.31(b)(2))
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR22MY13.250

[[Page 30709]]

A-35--Model Form for Combined Disclosures for Dollar-to-Dollar 
Remittance Transfers (Sec.  1005.31(b)(3))
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR22MY13.251

[[Page 30710]]

A-36--Model Form for Error Resolution and Cancellation Disclosures 
(Long) (Sec.  1005.31(b)(4))
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR22MY13.252

[[Page 30711]]

A-37--Model Form for Error Resolution and Cancellation Disclosures 
(Short) (Sec.  1005.31(b)(2)(iv) and (b)(2)(vi))
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR22MY13.253

[[Page 30712]]

A-38--Model Form for Pre-Payment Disclosures for Remittance 
Transfers Exchanged into Local Currency--Spanish (Sec.  
1005.31(b)(1))
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR22MY13.254

A-39--Model Form for Receipts for Remittance Transfers Exchanged 
into Local Currency--Spanish (Sec.  1005.31(b)(2))
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR22MY13.255

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR22MY13.256

[[Page 30713]]

A-40--Model Form for Combined Disclosures for Remittance Transfers 
Exchanged into Local Currency--Spanish (Sec.  1005.31(b)(3))
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR22MY13.257

[[Page 30714]]

A-41--Model Form for Error Resolution and Cancellation Disclosures 
(Long)--Spanish (Sec.  1005.31(b)(4))
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR22MY13.258

* * * * *

0
7. In Supplement I to Part 1005--Official Interpretations:
0
A. Under Section 1005.30:
0
i. Under comment 30(c), paragraph 1 is revised.
0
ii. Comment 30(h) is added.
0
B. Under Section 1005.31:
0
i. Under comment 31(b), paragraphs 1 and 2 are revised.
0
ii. Under comment 31(b)(1), paragraphs 1, 2, and 3 are revised.
0
iii. The heading of comment 31(b)(1)(vi) is revised.
0
iv. Under newly designated comment 31(b)(1)(vi), paragraph 1 is revised 
and paragraph 2 is removed.
0
v. Under comment 31(b)(1)(vii), paragraph 1 is revised.
0
vi. Comment 31(b)(1)(viii) is added.
0
vii. Under comment 31(c)(1), paragraph 1 is revised.

[[Page 30715]]

0
viii. Under comment 31(c)(4), paragraph 2.xi.is added.
0
ix. Under comment 31(f), paragraph 1 is revised.
0
C. Under Section 1005.32 Estimates:
0
i. Under comment 32(a)(1), paragraphs 1, 2.ii, and 3.ii. are revised, 
and paragraphs 2.iii and 3.iii are removed.
0
ii. Under comment 32(b)(2), paragraph 1 is revised.
0
iii. Comment 32(b)(3) is added.
0
iv. The heading of comment 32(c)(3) is revised.
0
v. Comment 32(c)(4) is removed.
0
D. Under Section 1005.33:
0
i. Under comment 33(a):
0
a. Paragraphs 7 and 8 are redesignated as paragraphs 9 and 10.
0
b. Paragraphs 3.ii, 3.iii, 4 and newly redesignated paragraph 10 are 
revised.
0
c. Paragraphs 3.vi, 7, and 8 are added.
0
ii. Under comment 33(c), paragraphs 2, 3, 4 and 5 are revised, and 
paragraphs 11 and 12 are added.
0
iii. Comment 33(h) is added.
0
E. Under Section 1005.36:
0
i. Under comment 36(a)(2), paragraph 1 is revised.
0
G. Under Subheading Appendix A, paragraph 2. and paragraph 4. are 
revised.
0
The additions and revisions read as follows:

Supplement I to Part 1005--Official Interpretations

* * * * *
0
Section 1005.30--Remittance Transfer Definitions
* * * * *

30(c) Designated Recipient

    1. Person. A designated recipient can be either a natural person or 
an organization, such as a corporation. See Sec.  1005.2(j) (definition 
of person). The designated recipient is identified by the name of the 
person provided by the sender to the remittance transfer provider and 
disclosed by the provider to the sender pursuant to Sec.  
1005.31(b)(1)(iii).
* * * * *

30(h) Third-Party Fees

    1. Fees imposed on the remittance transfer. Fees imposed on the 
remittance transfer by a person other than the remittance transfer 
provider include only those fees that are charged to the designated 
recipient and are specifically related to the remittance transfer. For 
example, overdraft fees that are imposed by a recipient's bank or funds 
that are garnished from the proceeds of a remittance transfer to 
satisfy an unrelated debt are not fees imposed on the remittance 
transfer because these charges are not specifically related to the 
remittance transfer. Account fees are also not specifically related to 
a remittance transfer if such fees are merely assessed based on general 
account activity and not for receiving transfers. Where an incoming 
remittance transfer results in a balance increase that triggers a 
monthly maintenance fee, that fee is not specifically related to a 
remittance transfer. Similarly, fees that banks charge one another for 
handling a remittance transfer or other fees that do not affect the 
total amount of the transaction or the amount that will be received by 
the designated recipient are not fees imposed on the remittance 
transfer. For example, an interchange fee that is charged to a provider 
when a sender uses a credit or debit card to pay for a remittance 
transfer is not a fee imposed upon the remittance transfer. Fees that 
specifically relate to a remittance transfer may be structured on a 
flat per-transaction basis, or may be conditioned on other factors 
(such as account status or the quantity of remittance transfers 
received) in addition to the remittance transfer itself. For example, 
where an institution charges an incoming transfer fee on most 
customers' accounts, but not on preferred accounts, such a fee is 
nonetheless specifically related to a remittance transfer. Similarly, 
if the institution assesses a fee for every transfer beyond the fifth 
received each month, such a fee would be specifically related to the 
remittance transfer regardless of how many remittance transfers 
preceded it that month.
    2. Covered third-party fees. i. Under Sec.  1005.30(h)(1), a 
covered third-party fee means any fee that is imposed on the remittance 
transfer by a person other than the remittance transfer provider that 
is not a non-covered third-party fee.
    ii. Examples of covered third-party fees include:
    A. Fees imposed on a remittance transfer by intermediary 
institutions in connection with a wire transfer (sometimes referred to 
as ``lifting fees'').
    B. Fees imposed on a remittance transfer by an agent of the 
provider at pick-up for receiving the transfer.
    3. Non-covered third-party fees. Under Sec.  1005.30(h)(2), a non-
covered third-party fee means any fee imposed by the designated 
recipient's institution for receiving a remittance transfer into an 
account except if such institution acts as the agent of the remittance 
transfer provider. For example, a fee imposed by the designated 
recipient's institution for receiving an incoming transfer into an 
account is a non-covered third-party fee, provided such institution is 
not acting as the agent of the remittance transfer provider. See also 
comment 31(b)(1)(viii)-1. Furthermore, designated recipient's account 
in Sec.  1005.30(h)(2) refers to an asset account, regardless of 
whether it is a consumer asset account, established for any purpose and 
held by a bank, savings association, credit union, or equivalent 
institution. A designated recipient's account does not, however, 
include a credit card, prepaid card, or a virtual account held by an 
Internet-based or mobile telephone company that is not a bank, savings 
association, credit union or equivalent institution.
* * * * *

Section 1005.31--Disclosures

* * * * *

31(b) Disclosure Requirements

    1. Disclosures provided as applicable. Disclosures required by 
Sec.  1005.31(b) need only be provided to the extent applicable. A 
remittance transfer provider may choose to omit an item of information 
required by Sec.  1005.31(b) if it is inapplicable to a particular 
transaction. Alternatively, for disclosures required by Sec.  
1005.31(b)(1)(i) through (vii), a provider may disclose a term and 
state that an amount or item is ``not applicable,'' ``N/A,'' or 
``None.'' For example, if fees or taxes are not imposed in connection 
with a particular transaction, the provider need not provide the 
disclosures about fees and taxes generally required by Sec.  
1005.31(b)(1)(ii), the disclosures about covered third-party fees 
generally required by Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(vi), or the disclaimers about 
non-covered third-party fees and taxes collected by a person other than 
the provider generally required by Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(viii). 
Similarly, a Web site need not be disclosed if the provider does not 
maintain a Web site. A provider need not provide the exchange rate 
disclosure required by Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(iv) if a recipient receives 
funds in the currency in which the remittance transfer is funded, or if 
funds are delivered into an account denominated in the currency in 
which the remittance transfer is funded. For example, if a sender in 
the United States sends funds from an account denominated in Euros to 
an account in France denominated in Euros, no exchange rate would need 
to be provided. Similarly, if a sender funds a remittance transfer in 
U.S. dollars and requests that a remittance transfer be delivered to 
the recipient in U.S. dollars, a provider need not disclose an exchange 
rate.
    2. Substantially similar terms, language, and notices. Certain

[[Page 30716]]

disclosures required by Sec.  1005.31(b) must be described using the 
terms set forth in Sec.  1005.31(b) or substantially similar terms. 
Terms may be more specific than those provided. For example, a 
remittance transfer provider sending funds may describe fees imposed by 
an agent at pick-up as ``Pick-up Fees'' in lieu of describing them as 
``Other Fees.'' Foreign language disclosures required under Sec.  
1005.31(g) must contain accurate translations of the terms, language, 
and notices required by Sec.  1005.31(b) or permitted by Sec.  
1005.31(b)(1)(viii) and Sec.  1005.33(h)(3).

31(b)(1) Pre-Payment Disclosures

    1. Fees and taxes. i. Taxes collected on the remittance transfer by 
the remittance transfer provider include taxes collected on the 
remittance transfer by a State or other governmental body. A provider 
need only disclose fees imposed or taxes collected on the remittance 
transfer by the provider in Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(ii), as applicable. For 
example, if no transfer taxes are imposed on a remittance transfer, a 
provider would only disclose applicable transfer fees. See comment 
31(b)-1. If both fees and taxes are imposed, the fees and taxes must be 
disclosed as separate, itemized disclosures. For example, a provider 
would disclose all transfer fees using the term ``Transfer Fees'' or a 
substantially similar term and would separately disclose all transfer 
taxes using the term ``Transfer Taxes'' or a substantially similar 
term.
    ii. The fees and taxes required to be disclosed by Sec.  
1005.31(b)(1)(ii) include all fees imposed and all taxes collected on 
the remittance transfer by the provider. For example, a provider must 
disclose any service fee, any fees imposed by an agent of the provider 
at the time of the transfer, and any State taxes collected on the 
remittance transfer at the time of the transfer. Fees imposed on the 
remittance transfer by the provider required to be disclosed under 
Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(ii) include only those fees that are charged to the 
sender and are specifically related to the remittance transfer. See 
also comment 30(h)-1. In contrast, the fees required to be disclosed by 
Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(vi) are any covered third-party fees as defined in 
Sec.  1005.30(h)(1).
    iii. The term used to describe the fees imposed on the remittance 
transfer by the provider in Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(ii) and the term used 
to describe covered third-party fees under Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(vi) must 
differentiate between such fees. For example the terms used to describe 
fees disclosed under Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(ii) and (vi) may not both be 
described solely as ``Fees.''
    2. Transfer amount. Sections 1005.31(b)(1)(i) and (v) require two 
transfer amount disclosures. First, under Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(i), a 
provider must disclose the transfer amount in the currency in which the 
remittance transfer is funded to show the calculation of the total 
amount of the transaction. Typically, the remittance transfer is funded 
in U.S. dollars, so the transfer amount would be expressed in U.S. 
dollars. However, if the remittance transfer is funded, for example, 
from a Euro-denominated account, the transfer amount would be expressed 
in Euros. Second, under Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(v), a provider must 
disclose the transfer amount in the currency in which the funds will be 
made available to the designated recipient. For example, if the funds 
will be picked up by the designated recipient in Japanese yen, the 
transfer amount would be expressed in Japanese yen. However, this 
second transfer amount need not be disclosed if covered third-party 
fees as described under Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(vi) are not imposed on the 
remittance transfer. The terms used to describe each transfer amount 
should be the same.
    3. Exchange rate for calculation. The exchange rate used to 
calculate the transfer amount in Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(v), the covered 
third-party fees in Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(vi), the amount received in 
Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(vii), and the optional disclosures of non-covered 
third-party fees and other taxes permitted by Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(viii) 
is the exchange rate in Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(iv), including an estimated 
exchange rate to the extent permitted by Sec.  1005.32, prior to any 
rounding of the exchange rate. For example, if one U.S. dollar 
exchanges for 11.9483779 Mexican pesos, a provider must calculate these 
disclosures using this rate, even though the provider may disclose 
pursuant to Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(iv) that the U.S. dollar exchanges for 
11.9484 Mexican pesos. Similarly, if a provider estimates pursuant to 
Sec.  1005.32 that one U.S. dollar exchanges for 11.9483 Mexican pesos, 
a provider must calculate these disclosures using this rate, even 
though the provider may disclose pursuant to Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(iv) 
that the U.S. dollar exchanges for 11.95 Mexican pesos (Estimated). If 
an exchange rate need not be rounded, a provider must use that exchange 
rate to calculate these disclosures. For example, if one U.S. dollar 
exchanges for exactly 11.9 Mexican pesos, a provider must calculate 
these disclosures using this exchange rate.
* * * * *

31(b)(1)(vi) Disclosure of Covered Third-Party Fees

    1. Fees disclosed in the currency in which the funds will be 
received. Section 1005.31(b)(1)(vi) requires the disclosure of covered 
third-party fees in the currency in which the funds will be received by 
the designated recipient. A covered third-party fee described in Sec.  
1005.31(b)(1)(vi) may be imposed in one currency, but the funds may be 
received by the designated recipient in another currency. In such 
cases, the remittance transfer provider must calculate the fee to be 
disclosed under Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(vi) in the currency of receipt 
using the exchange rate in Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(iv), including an 
estimated exchange rate to the extent permitted by Sec.  1005.32, prior 
to any rounding of the exchange rate. For example, an intermediary 
institution involved in sending an international wire transfer funded 
in U.S. dollars may impose a fee in U.S. dollars, but funds are 
ultimately deposited in the recipient's account in Euros. In this case, 
the provider would disclose the covered third-party fee to the sender 
expressed in Euros, calculated using the exchange rate disclosed under 
Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(iv), prior to any rounding of the exchange rate. 
For purposes of Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(v), (vi), and (vii), if a provider 
does not have specific knowledge regarding the currency in which the 
funds will be received, the provider may rely on a sender's 
representation as to the currency in which funds will be received. For 
example, if a sender requests that a remittance transfer be deposited 
into an account in U.S. dollars, the provider may provide the 
disclosures required in Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(v), (vi), and (vii) in U.S. 
dollars, even if the account is actually denominated in Mexican pesos 
and the funds are subsequently converted prior to deposit into the 
account. If a sender does not know the currency in which funds will be 
received, the provider may assume that the currency in which funds will 
be received is the currency in which the remittance transfer is funded.

31(b)(1)(vii) Amount Received

    1. Amount received. The remittance transfer provider is required to 
disclose the amount that will be received by the designated recipient 
in the currency in which the funds will be received. The amount 
received must reflect the exchange rate, all fees imposed and all taxes 
collected on the remittance transfer by the remittance transfer 
provider, as well as any covered third-party fees required to be 
disclosed by Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(vi). The disclosed

[[Page 30717]]

amount received must be reduced by the amount of any fee or tax--except 
for a non-covered third-party fee or tax collected on the remittance 
transfer by a person other than the provider--that is imposed on the 
remittance transfer that affects the amount received even if that 
amount is imposed or itemized separately from the transaction amount.

31(b)(1)(viii) Statement When Additional Fees and Taxes May Apply

    1. Required disclaimer when non-covered third-party fees and taxes 
collected by a person other than the provider may apply. If non-covered 
third-party fees or taxes collected by a person other than the provider 
apply to a particular remittance transfer or if a provider does not 
know if such fees or taxes may apply to a particular remittance 
transfer, Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(viii) requires the provider to include 
the disclaimer with respect to such fees and taxes. Required 
disclosures under Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(viii) may only be provided to the 
extent applicable. For example, if the designated recipient's 
institution is an agent of the provider and thus, non-covered third-
party fees cannot apply to the transfer, the provider must disclose all 
fees imposed on the remittance transfer and may not provide the 
disclaimer regarding non-covered third-party fees. In this scenario, 
the provider may only provide the disclaimer regarding taxes collected 
on the remittance transfer by a person other than the provider, as 
applicable. See Model Form A-30(c).
    2. Optional disclosure of non-covered third-party fees and taxes 
collected by a person other than the provider. When a remittance 
transfer provider knows the non-covered third-party fees or taxes 
collected on the remittance transfer by a person other than the 
provider that will apply to a particular transaction, Sec.  
1005.31(b)(1)(viii) permits the provider to disclose the amount of such 
fees and taxes. Section 1005.32(b)(3)-1 additionally permits a provider 
to disclose an estimate of such fees and taxes, provided any estimates 
are based on reasonable source of information. See comment 32(b)(3). 
For example, a provider may know that the designated recipient's 
institution imposes an incoming wire fee for receiving a transfer. 
Alternatively, a provider may know that foreign taxes will be collected 
on the remittance transfer by a person other than the remittance 
transfer provider. In these examples, the provider may choose, at its 
option, to disclose the amounts of the relevant recipient institution 
fee and tax as part of the information disclosed pursuant to Sec.  
1005.31(b)(1)(viii). The provider must not include that fee or tax in 
the amount disclosed pursuant to Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(vi) or 
(b)(1)(vii). Fees and taxes disclosed under Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(viii) 
must be disclosed in the currency in which the funds will be received. 
See comment 31(b)(1)(vi)-1. Estimates of any non-covered third-party 
fees and any taxes collected on the remittance transfer by a person 
other than the provider must be disclosed in accordance with Sec.  
1005.32(b)(3).
* * * * *

31(c)(1) Grouping

    1. Grouping. Information is grouped together for purposes of 
subpart B if multiple disclosures are in close proximity to one another 
and a sender can reasonably calculate the total amount of the 
transaction and the amount that will be received by the designated 
recipient. Model Forms A-30(a)-(d) through A-35 in Appendix A 
illustrate how information may be grouped to comply with the rule, but 
a remittance transfer provider may group the information in another 
manner. For example, a provider could provide the grouped information 
as a horizontal, rather than a vertical, calculation. A provider could 
also send multiple text messages sequentially to provide the full 
disclosure.

31(c)(4) Segregation

* * * * *
    2. Directly related. * * *
* * * * *
    xi. Disclosure of any non-covered third-party fees and any taxes 
collected by a person other than the provider pursuant to Sec.  
1005.31(b)(1)(viii).
* * * * *

31(f) Accurate When Payment Is Made

    1. No guarantee of disclosures provided before payment. Except as 
provided in Sec.  1005.36(b), disclosures required by Sec.  1005.31(b) 
or permitted by Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(viii) must be accurate when a 
sender makes payment for the remittance transfer. A remittance transfer 
provider is not required to guarantee the terms of the remittance 
transfer in the disclosures required or permitted by Sec.  1005.31(b) 
for any specific period of time. However, if any of the disclosures 
required by Sec.  1005.31(b) or permitted by Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(viii) 
are not accurate when a sender makes payment for the remittance 
transfer, a provider must give new disclosures before accepting 
payment.
* * * * *

Section 1005.32--Estimates

* * * * *

32(a) Temporary Exception for Insured Institutions

32(a)(1) General

    1. Control. For purposes of this section, an insured institution 
cannot determine exact amounts ``for reasons beyond its control'' when 
a person other than the insured institution or with which the insured 
institution has no correspondent relationship sets the exchange rate 
required to be disclosed under Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(iv) or imposes a 
covered third-party fee required to be disclosed under Sec.  
1005.31(b)(1)(vi). For example, if an insured institution has a 
correspondent relationship with an intermediary financial institution 
in another country and that intermediary institution sets the exchange 
rate or imposes a fee for remittance transfers sent from the insured 
institution to the intermediary institution, then the insured 
institution must determine exact amounts for the disclosures required 
under Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(iv) or (vi), because the determination of 
those amounts are not beyond the insured institution's control.
    2. * * *
    ii. Covered third-party fees. An insured institution cannot 
determine the exact covered third-party fees to disclose under Sec.  
1005.31(b)(1)(vi) if an intermediary institution with which the insured 
institution does not have a correspondent relationship, imposes a 
transfer or conversion fee.
    3. * * *
    ii. Covered third-party fees. An insured institution can determine 
the exact covered third-party fees required to be disclosed under Sec.  
1005.31(b)(1)(vi) if it has agreed upon the specific fees with an 
intermediary correspondent institution, and this correspondent 
institution is the only institution in the transmittal route to the 
designated recipient's institution.
* * * * *

32(b) Permanent Exceptions

* * * * *

32(b)(2) Permanent Exceptions for Transfers Scheduled Before the Date 
of Transfer

    1. Fixed amount of foreign currency. The following is an example of 
when and how a remittance transfer provider may disclose estimates for 
remittance transfers scheduled five or more business days before the 
date of transfer where the provider agrees to the sender's request to 
fix the amount to be transferred in a currency in which the

[[Page 30718]]

transfer will be received and not the currency in which it was funded. 
If on February 1, a sender schedules a 1000 Euro wire transfer to be 
sent from the sender's bank account denominated in U.S. dollars to a 
designated recipient on February 15, Sec.  1005.32(b)(2) allows the 
provider to estimate the amount that will be transferred to the 
designated recipient (i.e., the amount described in Sec.  
1005.31(b)(1)(i)), any fees imposed or taxes collected on the 
remittance transfer by the provider (if based on the amount 
transferred) (i.e., the amount described in Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(ii)), 
and the total amount of the transaction (i.e., the amount described in 
Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(iii)). The provider may also estimate any covered 
third-party fees if the exchange rate is also estimated and the 
estimated exchange rate affects the amount of fees (as allowed by Sec.  
1005.32(b)(2)(ii)).

32(b)(3) Permanent Exception for Optional Disclosure of Non-Covered 
Third-Party Fees and Taxes Collected on the Remittance Transfer by a 
Person Other Than the Provider

    1. Reasonable sources of information. Pursuant to Sec.  
1005.32(b)(3) a remittance transfer provider may estimate applicable 
non-covered third-party fees and taxes collected on the remittance 
transfer by a person other than the provider using reasonable sources 
of information. Reasonable sources of information may include, for 
example: information obtained from recent transfers to the same 
institution or the same country or region; fee schedules from the 
recipient institution; fee schedules from the recipient institution's 
competitors; surveys of recipient institution fees in the same country 
or region as the recipient institution; information provided or surveys 
of recipient institutions' regulators or taxing authorities; 
commercially or publicly available databases, services or sources; and 
information or resources developed by international nongovernmental 
organizations or intergovernmental organizations.
* * * * *

32(c)(3) Covered Third-Party Fees

* * * * *

Section 1005.33--Procedures for Resolving Errors

33(a) Definition of Error

* * * * *
    3. * * *
    ii. A consumer requests to send funds to a relative in Colombia to 
be received in local currency. The remittance transfer provider 
provides the sender a receipt stating an amount of currency that will 
be received by the designated recipient, which does not reflect the 
additional foreign taxes that will be collected in Colombia on the 
transfer but does include the statement required by Sec.  
1005.31(b)(1)(viii). If the designated recipient will receive less than 
the amount of currency disclosed on the receipt due solely to the 
additional foreign taxes that the provider was not required to 
disclose, no error has occurred.
    iii. Same facts as in ii., except that the receipt provided by the 
remittance transfer provider does not reflect additional fees that are 
imposed by the receiving agent in Colombia on the transfer. Because the 
designated recipient will receive less than the amount of currency 
disclosed in the receipt due to the additional covered third-party 
fees, an error has occurred.
* * * * *
    vi. A sender requests that his bank send US$120 to a designated 
recipient's account at an institution in a foreign country. The foreign 
institution is not an agent of the provider. Only US$100 is deposited 
into the designated recipient's account because the recipient 
institution imposed a US$20 incoming wire fee and deducted the fee from 
the amount transferred. Because this fee is a non-covered third-party 
fee that the provider is not required to disclose under Sec.  
1005.31(b)(1)(vi), no error has occurred if the provider provided the 
disclosure required by Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(viii).
    4. Incorrect amount of currency received--extraordinary 
circumstances. Under Sec.  1005.33(a)(1)(iii)(B), a remittance transfer 
provider's failure to make available to a designated recipient the 
amount of currency disclosed pursuant to Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(vii) and 
stated in the disclosure provided pursuant to Sec.  1005.31(b)(2) or 
(3) for the remittance transfer is not an error if such failure was 
caused by extraordinary circumstances outside the remittance transfer 
provider's control that could not have been reasonably anticipated. 
Examples of extraordinary circumstances outside the remittance transfer 
provider's control that could not have been reasonably anticipated 
under Sec.  1005.33(a)(1)(iii)(B) include circumstances such as war or 
civil unrest, natural disaster, garnishment or attachment of some of 
the funds after the transfer is sent, and government actions or 
restrictions that could not have been reasonably anticipated by the 
remittance transfer provider, such as the imposition of foreign 
currency controls or foreign taxes unknown at the time the receipt or 
combined disclosure is provided under Sec.  1005.31(b)(2) or (3).
* * * * *
    7. Sender account number or recipient institution identifier error. 
The exception in Sec.  1005.33(a)(1)(iv)(D) applies where a sender 
gives the remittance transfer provider an incorrect account number or 
recipient institution identifier and all five conditions in Sec.  
1005.33(h) are satisfied. The exception does not apply, however, where 
the failure to make funds available is the result of a mistake by a 
provider or a third party or due to incorrect or insufficient 
information provided by the sender other than an incorrect account 
number or recipient institution identifier, such as an incorrect name 
of the recipient institution.
    8. Account number or recipient institution identifier. For purposes 
of the exception in Sec.  1005.33(a)(1)(iv)(D), the terms account 
number and recipient institution identifier refer to alphanumerical 
account or institution identifiers other than names or addresses, such 
as account numbers, routing numbers, Canadian transit numbers, 
International Bank Account Numbers (IBANs), Business Identifier Codes 
(BICs)) and other similar account or institution identifiers used to 
route a transaction. In addition and for purposes of this exception, 
the term designated recipient's account in Sec.  1005.30(h)(2) refers 
to an asset account, regardless of whether it is a consumer asset 
account, established for any purpose and held by a bank, savings 
association, credit union, or equivalent institution. A designated 
recipient's account does not, however, include a credit card, prepaid 
card, or a virtual account held by an Internet-based or mobile 
telephone company that is not a bank, savings association, credit union 
or equivalent institution.
* * * * *
    10. Change from disclosure made in reliance on sender information. 
Under the commentary accompanying Sec.  1005.31, the remittance 
transfer provider may rely on the sender's representations in making 
certain disclosures. See, e.g., comments 31(b)(1)(iv)-1 and 
31(b)(1)(vi)-1. For example, suppose a sender requests U.S. dollars to 
be deposited into an account of the designated recipient and represents 
that the account is U.S. dollar-denominated. If the designated 
recipient's account is actually denominated in local currency and the 
recipient account-holding institution must convert the remittance 
transfer into local currency in order to deposit

[[Page 30719]]

the funds and complete the transfer, the change in currency does not 
constitute an error pursuant to Sec.  1005.33(a)(2)(iv).
* * * * *

33(c) Time Limits and Extent of Investigation

* * * * *
    2. Incorrect or insufficient information provided for transfer. The 
remedy in Sec.  1005.33(c)(2)(iii) applies if a remittance transfer 
provider's failure to make funds in connection with a remittance 
transfer available to a designated recipient by the disclosed date of 
availability occurred because the sender provided incorrect or 
insufficient information in connection with the transfer, such as by 
erroneously identifying the designated recipient's address or by 
providing insufficient information such that the entity distributing 
the funds cannot identify the correct designated recipient. A sender is 
not considered to have provided incorrect or insufficient information 
for purposes of Sec.  1005.33(c)(2)(iii) if the provider discloses the 
incorrect location where the transfer may be picked up, gives the wrong 
confirmation number/code for the transfer, or otherwise miscommunicates 
information necessary for the designated recipient to pick-up the 
transfer. The remedies in Sec.  1005.33(c)(2)(iii) do not apply if the 
sender provided an incorrect account number or recipient institution 
identifier and the provider has met the requirements of Sec.  
1005.33(h) because under Sec.  1005.33(a)(1)(iv)(D) no error would have 
occurred. See Sec.  1005.33(a)(1)(iv)(D) and comment 33(a)-7.
    3. Designation of requested remedy. Under Sec.  1005.33(c)(2)(ii), 
the sender may generally choose to obtain a refund of funds that were 
not properly transmitted or delivered to the designated recipient or, 
request redelivery of the amount appropriate to correct the error at no 
additional cost unless the error is determined to have occurred because 
the sender provided incorrect or insufficient information. Upon 
receiving the sender's request, the remittance transfer provider shall 
correct the error within one business day, or as soon as reasonably 
practicable, applying the same exchange rate, fees, and taxes stated in 
the disclosure provided under Sec.  1005.31(b)(2) or (3), if the sender 
requests delivery of the amount appropriate to correct the error and 
the error did not occur because the sender provided incorrect or 
insufficient information. The provider may also request that the sender 
indicate the preferred remedy at the time the sender provides notice of 
the error although if provider does so, it should indicate that the if 
the sender chooses a resend at the time, the remedy may be unavailable 
if the error occurred because the sender provided incorrect or 
insufficient information. However, if the sender does not indicate the 
desired remedy at the time of providing notice of error, the remittance 
transfer provider must notify the sender of any available remedies in 
the report provided under Sec.  1005.33(c)(1) or (d)(1) if the provider 
determines an error occurred.
    4. Default remedy. Unless the sender provided incorrect or 
insufficient information and Sec.  1005.33(c)(2)(iii) applies, the 
remittance transfer provider may set a default remedy that the provider 
will provide if the sender does not designate a remedy within a 
reasonable time after the sender receives the report provided under 
Sec.  1005.33(c)(1). A provider that permits a sender to designate a 
remedy within 10 days after the provider has sent the report provided 
under Sec.  1005.33(c)(1) or (d)(1) before imposing the default remedy 
is deemed to have provided the sender with a reasonable time to 
designate a remedy. In the case a default remedy is provided, the 
provider must correct the error within one business day, or as soon as 
reasonably practicable, after the reasonable time for the sender to 
designate the remedy has passed, consistent with Sec.  1005.33(c)(2).
    5. Form of refund. For a refund provided under Sec.  
1005.33(c)(2)(i)(A), (c)(2)(ii)(A)(1), (c)(2)(ii)(B), or (c)(2)(iii), a 
remittance transfer provider may generally, at its discretion, issue a 
refund either in cash or in the same form of payment that was initially 
provided by the sender for the remittance transfer. For example, if the 
sender originally provided a credit card as payment for the transfer, 
the remittance transfer provider may issue a credit to the sender's 
credit card account in the appropriate amount. However, if a sender 
initially provided cash for the remittance transfer, a provider may 
issue a refund by check. For example, if the sender originally provided 
cash as payment for the transfer, the provider may mail a check to the 
sender in the amount of the payment.
* * * * *
    11. Procedure for sending a new remittance transfer after a sender 
provides incorrect or insufficient information. Section 
1005.33(c)(2)(iii) generally requires a remittance transfer provider to 
refund the transfer amount to the sender even if the sender's 
previously designated remedy was a resend or if the provider's default 
remedy in other circumstances is a resend. However, if before the 
refund is processed, the sender receives notice pursuant to Sec.  
1005.33(c)(1) or (d)(1) that an error occurred because the sender 
provided incorrect or insufficient information and then requests that 
the provider send the remittance transfer again, and the provider 
agrees to that request, Sec.  1005.33(c)(2)(iii) requires that the 
request be treated as a new remittance transfer and the provider must 
provide new disclosures in accordance with Sec.  1005.31 and all other 
applicable provisions of subpart B. However, Sec.  1005.33(c)(2)(iii) 
does not obligate the provider to agree to a sender's request to send a 
new remittance transfer.
    12. Determining amount of refund. Section 1005.33(c)(2)(iii) 
permits the provider to deduct from the amount refunded, or applied 
towards a new transfer, any fees or taxes actually deducted from the 
transfer amount by a person other than the provider as part of the 
first unsuccessful remittance transfer attempt or that were deducted in 
the course of returning the transfer amount to the provider following a 
failed delivery. However, a provider may not deduct those fees and 
taxes that will ultimately be refunded to the provider. When the 
provider deducts fees or taxes from the amount refunded pursuant to 
Sec.  1005.33(c)(2)(iii), the provider must inform the sender of the 
deduction as part of the notice required by either Sec.  1005.33(c)(1) 
or (d)(1) and the reason for the deduction. The following examples 
illustrate these concepts.
    i. A sender instructs a remittance transfer provider to send US$100 
to a designated recipient in local currency, for which the provider 
charges a transfer fee of US$10 and its correspondent imposes a fee of 
US$15. The sender provides incorrect or insufficient information that 
results in non-delivery of the remittance transfer as requested. Once 
the provider determines that an error occurred because the sender 
provided incorrect or insufficient information, the provider must 
provide the report required by Sec.  1005.33(c)(1) or (d)(1) and inform 
the sender, pursuant to Sec.  1005.33(c)(1) or (d)(1), that it will 
refund US$85 to the sender within three business days unless the sender 
chooses to apply the US$85 towards a new remittance transfer. The 
provider is required to refund its own $10 fee but not the US$15 fee 
imposed by the correspondent (unless the $15 will be

[[Page 30720]]

refunded to the provider by the correspondent).
    ii. A sender instructs a remittance transfer provider to send 
US$100 to a designated recipient in a foreign country, for which the 
provider charges a transfer fee of US$10 (and thus the sender pays the 
provider US$110) and an intermediary institution charges a lifting fee 
of US$5, such that the designated recipient is expected to receive only 
US$95, as indicated in the receipt. If an error occurs because the 
sender provides incorrect or insufficient information that results in 
non-delivery of the remittance transfer by the date of availability 
stated in the disclosure provided to the sender for the remittance 
transfer under Sec.  1005.31(b)(2) or (3), the provider is required to 
refund, or reapply if requested and the provider agrees, $105 unless 
the intermediary institution refunds to the provider the US$5 fee. If 
the sender requests to have the transfer amount applied to a new 
remittance transfer pursuant to Sec.  1005.33(c)(2)(iii) and provides 
the corrected or additional information, and the remittance transfer 
provider agrees to a resend remedy, the remittance transfer provider 
may charge the sender another transfer fee of US$10 to send the 
remittance transfer again with the corrected or additional information 
necessary to complete the transfer. Insofar as the resend is an 
entirely new remittance transfer, the provider must provide a 
prepayment disclosure and receipt or combined disclosure in accordance 
with, among other provisions, the timing requirements of Sec.  
1005.31(f) and the cancellation provision of Sec.  1005.34(a).
    iii. In connection with a remittance transfer, a provider imposes a 
$15 tax that it then remits to a State taxing authority. An error 
occurs because the sender provided incorrect or insufficient 
information that resulted in non-delivery of the transfer to the 
designated recipient. The provider may deduct $15 from the amount it 
refunds to the sender pursuant to Sec.  1005.33(c)(2)(iii) unless the 
relevant tax law will result in the $15 tax being refunded to the 
provider by the State taxing authority because the transfer was not 
completed.
* * * * *

33(h) Incorrect Account Number Supplied

    1. Reasonable methods of verification. When a sender provides an 
incorrect recipient institution identifier, Sec.  1005.33(h)(2) limits 
the exception in Sec.  1005.33(a)(1)(iv)(D) to situations where the 
provider used reasonably available means to verify that the recipient 
institution identifier provided by the sender did correspond to the 
recipient institution name provided by the sender. Reasonably available 
means may include accessing a directory of Business Identifier Codes 
and verifying that the code provided by the sender matches the provided 
institution name, and, if possible, the specific branch or location 
provided by the sender. Providers may also rely on other commercially 
available databases or directories to check other recipient institution 
identifiers. If reasonable verification means fail to identify that the 
recipient institution identifier is incorrect, the exception in Sec.  
1005.33(a)(1)(iv)(D) will apply, assuming that the provider can satisfy 
the other conditions in Sec.  1005.33(h). Similarly, if no reasonably 
available means exist to verify the accuracy of the recipient 
institution identifier, Sec.  1005.33(h)(2) would be satisfied and thus 
the exception in Sec.  1005.33(a)(1)(iv)(D) also will apply, again 
assuming the provider can satisfy the other conditions in Sec.  
1005.33(h). However, where a provider does not employ reasonably 
available means to verify a recipient institution identifier, Sec.  
1005.33(h)(2) is not satisfied and the exception in Sec.  
1005.33(a)(1)(iv)(D) will not apply.
    2. Reasonable efforts. Section 1005.33(h)(5) requires a remittance 
transfer provider to use reasonable efforts to recover the amount that 
was to be received by the designated recipient. Whether a provider has 
used reasonable efforts does not depend on whether the provider is 
ultimately successful in recovering the amount that was to be received 
by the designated recipient. Under Sec.  1005.33(h)(5), if the 
remittance transfer provider is requested to provide documentation or 
other supporting information in order for the pertinent institution or 
authority to obtain the proper authorization for the return of the 
incorrectly credited amount, reasonable efforts to recover the amount 
include timely providing any such documentation to the extent that it 
is available and permissible under law. The following are examples of 
reasonable efforts:
    i. The remittance transfer provider promptly calls or otherwise 
contacts the institution that received the transfer, either directly or 
indirectly through any correspondent(s) or other intermediaries or 
service providers used for the particular transfer, to request that the 
amount that was to be received by the designated recipient be returned, 
and if required by law or contract, by requesting that the recipient 
institution obtain a debit authorization from the holder of the 
incorrectly credited account.
    ii. The remittance transfer provider promptly uses a messaging 
service through a funds transfer system to contact institution that 
received the transfer, either directly or indirectly through any 
correspondent(s) or other intermediaries or service providers used for 
the particular transfer, to request that the amount that was to be 
received by the designated recipient be returned, in accordance with 
the messaging service's rules and protocol, and if required by law or 
contract, by requesting that the recipient institution obtain a debit 
authorization from the holder of the incorrectly credited account.
    3. Promptness of Reasonable Efforts. Section 1005.33(h)(5) requires 
that a remittance transfer provider act promptly in using reasonable 
efforts to recover the amount that was to be received by the designated 
recipient. Whether a provider acts promptly to use reasonable efforts 
depends on the facts and circumstances. For example, if, before the 
date of availability disclosed pursuant to Sec.  1005.31(b)(2)(ii), the 
sender informs the provider that the sender provided a mistaken account 
number, the provider will have acted promptly if it attempts to contact 
the recipient's institution before the date of availability.
* * * * *
Section 1005.36--Transfers Scheduled Before the Date of Transfer
* * * * *
36(a) Timing
36(a)(2) Subsequent Preauthorized Remittance Transfers
    1. Changes in Disclosures. When a sender schedules a series of 
preauthorized remittance transfers, the provider is generally not 
required to provide a pre-payment disclosure prior to the date of each 
subsequent transfer. However, Sec.  1005.36(a)(1)(i) requires the 
provider to provide a pre-payment disclosure and receipt for the first 
in the series of preauthorized remittance transfers in accordance with 
the timing requirements set forth in Sec.  1005.31(e). While certain 
information in those disclosures is expressly permitted to be estimated 
(see Sec.  1005.32(b)(2)), other information is not permitted to be 
estimated, or is limited in how it may be estimated. When any of the 
information on the most recent receipt provided pursuant to Sec.  
1005.36(a)(1)(i) or (a)(2)(i), other than the temporal disclosures 
required by Sec.  1005.31(b)(2)(ii) and (b)(2)(vii), is no longer 
accurate with respect to a

[[Page 30721]]

subsequent preauthorized remittance transfer for reasons other than as 
permitted by Sec.  1005.32, the provider must provide, within a 
reasonable time prior to the scheduled date of the next preauthorized 
remittance transfer, a receipt that complies with Sec.  1005.31(b)(2) 
and which discloses, among the other disclosures required by Sec.  
1005.31(b)(2), the changed terms. For example, if the provider 
discloses in the pre-payment disclosure for the first in the series of 
preauthorized remittance transfers that its fee for each remittance 
transfer is $20 and, after six preauthorized remittance transfers, the 
provider increases its fee to $30 (to the extent permitted by contract 
law), the provider must provide the sender a receipt that complies with 
Sec. Sec.  1005.31(b)(2) and 1005.36(b)(2) within a reasonable time 
prior to the seventh transfer. Barring a further change, this receipt 
will apply to transfers after the seventh transfer. Or, if, after the 
sixth transfer, a tax collected by the provider increases from 1.5% of 
the amount that will be transferred to the designated recipient to 2.0% 
of the amount that will be transferred to the designated recipient, the 
provider must provide the sender a receipt that complies with 
Sec. Sec.  1005.31(b)(2) and 1005.36(b)(2) within a reasonable time 
prior to the seventh transfer. In contrast, Sec.  1005.36(a)(2)(i) does 
not require an updated receipt where an exchange rate, estimated as 
permitted by Sec.  1005.32(b)(2), changes.
* * * * *

Appendix A--Model Disclosure Clauses and Forms

* * * * *
    2. Use of forms. The appendix contains model disclosure clauses for 
optional use by financial institutions and remittance transfer 
providers to facilitate compliance with the disclosure requirements of 
Sec. Sec.  1005.5(b)(2) and (3), 1005.6(a), 1005.7, 1005.8(b), 
1005.14(b)(1)(ii), 1005.15(d)(1) and (2), 1005.18(c)(1) and (2), 
1005.31, 1005.32 and 1005.36. The use of appropriate clauses in making 
disclosures will protect a financial institution and a remittance 
transfer provider from liability under sections 916 and 917 of the act 
provided the clauses accurately reflect the institution's EFT services 
and the provider's remittance transfer services, respectively.
* * * * *
    4. Model forms for remittance transfers. The Bureau will not review 
or approve disclosure forms for remittance transfer providers. However, 
this appendix contains 15 model forms for use in connection with 
remittance transfers. These model forms are intended to demonstrate 
several formats a remittance transfer provider may use to comply with 
the requirements of Sec.  1005.31(b). Model Forms A-30 through A-32 
demonstrate how a provider could provide the required disclosures for a 
remittance transfer exchanged into local currency. Model Forms A-30(a), 
(b), (c), and (d) demonstrate four options regarding model language 
related to the required disclaimer, where applicable, of non-covered 
third-party fees and taxes on the remittance transfer collected by a 
person other than the provider under Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(viii). Model 
forms 30(b) through (d) also include language that may be used if a 
provider elects to estimate either these non-covered third-party fees 
or taxes collected by a person other than the provider as part of the 
disclaimer. Model Forms A-33 through A-35 demonstrate how a provider 
could provide the required disclosures for dollar-to-dollar remittance 
transfers. These forms also demonstrate disclosure of the required 
content, in accordance with the grouping and proximity requirements of 
Sec.  1005.31(c)(1) and (2), in both a register receipt format and an 
8.5 inch by 11 inch format. Model Form A-36 provides long form model 
error resolution and cancellation disclosures required by Sec.  
1005.31(b)(4), and Model Form A-37 provides short form model error 
resolution and cancellation disclosures required by Sec.  
1005.31(b)(2)(iv) and (vi). Model Forms A-38 through A-41 provide 
language for Spanish language disclosures.
    i. The model forms contain information that is not required by 
subpart B, including a confirmation code, the sender's name and contact 
information, and the optional disclosure of the estimated amount of 
these non-covered third-party fees and taxes collected by a person 
other than the provider as part of the disclaimer. Additional 
information not required by subpart B may be presented on the model 
forms as permitted by Sec.  1005.31(b)(1)(viii) and (c)(4). Any 
additional information must be presented consistent with a remittance 
transfer provider's obligation to provide required disclosures in a 
clear and conspicuous manner.
    ii. Use of the model forms is optional. A remittance transfer 
provider may change the forms by rearranging the format or by making 
modifications to the language of the forms, in each case without 
modifying the substance of the disclosures. Any rearrangement or 
modification of the format of the model forms must be consistent with 
the form, grouping, proximity, and other requirements of Sec.  
1005.31(a) and (c). Providers making revisions that do not comply with 
this section will lose the benefit of the safe harbor for appropriate 
use of Model Forms A-30 to A-41.
    iii. Permissible changes to the language and format of the model 
forms include, for example:
    A. Substituting the information contained in the model forms that 
is intended to demonstrate how to complete the information in the model 
forms--such as names, addresses, and Web sites; dates; numbers; and 
State-specific contact information--with information applicable to the 
remittance transfer. In addition, if the applicable non-covered third-
party fees are imposed by an institution other than a bank, a provider 
could modify the disclaimer accordingly.
    B. Eliminating disclosures that are not applicable to the transfer, 
as described under Sec.  1005.31(b). For example, if only covered 
third-party fees are imposed, a provider would not use a disclaimer 
related to additional fees that may apply because all applicable fees 
are covered and included in the disclosure as required under Sec.  
1005.31(b)(1)(vi).
    C. Correcting or updating telephone numbers, mailing addresses, or 
Web site addresses that may change over time.
    D. Providing the disclosures on a paper size that is different from 
a register receipt and 8.5 inch by 11 inch formats.
    E. Adding a term substantially similar to ``estimated'' in close 
proximity to the specified terms in Sec.  1005.31(b)(1) and (2), as 
required under Sec.  1005.31(d).
    F. Providing the disclosures in a foreign language, or multiple 
foreign languages, subject to the requirements of Sec.  1005.31(g).
    G. Substituting cancellation language to reflect the right to a 
cancellation made pursuant to the requirements of Sec.  1005.36(c).
    iv. Changes to the model forms that are not permissible include, 
for example, adding information that is not segregated from the 
required disclosures, other than as permitted by Sec.  1005.31(c)(4).

    Dated: April 30, 2013.
Richard Cordray,
Director, Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection.
[FR Doc. 2013-10604 Filed 5-21-13; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4810-AM-P
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