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2010 ~.PR -7 PM 12: 46

TEXAS COMMISSION ON ENVIRONMENTAL QuAlflIn'filVISION

Bryan W. Shaw, Ph.D., Chairman

Buddy Garcia, Commissioner

Carlos Rubinstein, Commissioner

Mark R. Vickery, P.G., Executive Director

Protecting Texas by Reducing andPreventing Pollution

April 1,2010

Docket No. 2009-0801-SIP

Project No. 2009-018-SIP-NR

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Alfredo "AI" Armendariz, Ph.D., Regional Administrator

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency - Region 6

1445 Ross Avenue

Dallas, Texas 75202-2733

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Dear Dr. Armendariz:

On March 10,2010, the Texas Commission on Environinental Quality (Commission) adopted a revision to the

state implementation plan (SIP) for demonstration of reasonable further progress for the Houston-GalvestonBrazoria (HGB) 1997 eight-hour ozone nonattainment area.

The Commission adopted the HGB Reasonable Further Progress (RFP) SIP revision, demonstrating that the

RFP emissions reduction requirement will be met for the six-year period (2003-2008) beginning Janumy 1 ofthe

year following the year used for the baseline emissions inventory (2002) and all remaining three-year periods

after the first six-year period (2009-2011, 2012-2014, and 2015-2017) out to the area's attainment date (2019).

This SIP revision also sets the nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOC) motor vehicle

emissions budgets (MVEB) for transportation conformity purposes for the milestone years 2008, 2011, 2014,

2017, and 2018.

Enclosed are the proposed revision to the SIP, a public hearing certification, a complete record of the public

hearings, and the accompanying order. I look forward to your expeditious approval ofthis SIP revision.

Sincerely,

~~;dAtv- Bryan W. Shaw, Ph.D.

Chairman

BWS/ts

Enclosures

cc: The Honorable Rick Perry, Governor ofTexas

Mr. Toby Baker, Office ofBudget, Planning and Policy, Office ofthe Governor

.Mr. MarkR. Vickery, P.G., Executive Director, Texas Commission on Environmental Quality

P.O. Box 13087 Austin, Texas 78711-3087 512-239-1000 Internet address:www.tceq.state.tx.us

'.' " 'd
Texas Commission on Environmental Quality

Public Hearings

October 28 and 29. 2009

Concerning Revisions to the

HGB Eight-Hour Ozone Reasonable Further Progress SIP

Project No. 2009-018-SIP-NR
REVISION TO THE STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLAN FOR 

THE CONTROL OF OZONE AIR POLLUTION 

HOUSTON-GALVESTON-BRAZORIA 1997 EIGHT-HOUR 

OZONE STANDARD NONATTAINMENT AREA 

TCEQ 

TEXAS COMMISSION ON ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 

P.O. BOX 13087 

AUSTIN, TEXAS 78711-3087 

Houston-Galveston-Brazoria Reasonable Further Progress State 

Implementation Plan Revision for the1997 Eight-Hour Ozone Standard 

PROJECT NO. 2009-018-SIP-NR 

Adopted 

March 10, 2010 
HGB Reasonable Further Progress SIP Revision for the 1997 Eight-Hour Ozone Standard 

ix

LIST OF APPENDICES 

Appendix Appendix Name

Appendix 1 HGB Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration Calculations Spreadsheet 

Appendix 2 Development of Reasonable Further Progress Point Source Inventories 

Appendix 3 Development of Reasonable Further Progress Area Source Inventories 

Appendix 4 Development of Reasonable Further Progress Non-Road Mobile Source 

Emissions Inventories for Source Categories in the EPA’s NONROAD 2005 

Model 

Appendix 5 Development of Reasonable Further Progress Non-Road Mobile Source 

Emissions Inventories for Airports 

Appendix 6 Development of Reasonable Further Progress Non-Road Mobile Source 

Emissions Inventories for Locomotives 

Appendix 7 Development of Reasonable Further Progress Non-Road Mobile Source 

Emissions Inventories for Commercial Marine Vessels 

Appendix 8 Development of Reasonable Further Progress Non-Road Mobile Source 

Emissions Inventories for Drilling Rigs 

Appendix 9 Houston-Galveston-Brazoria 1997 Eight-Hour Ozone Nonattainment Area 

Reasonable Further Progress On-Road Mobile Source Emissions Inventories 
APPENDIX 3 

DEVELOPMENT OF REASONABLE FURTHER PROGRESS AREA 

SOURCE INVENTORIES 
1

Area Sources

Area sources are those sources that are considered too small to be handled individually in the point 

source emissions inventory. Although individually they are not considered significant emissions 

sources, collectively, as depicted as countywide totals, they are significant. 

Area sources are divided into two basic groups characterized by the emission mechanism: 

1) evaporative emissions, and 2) fuel combustion emissions. Sources of evaporative losses include 

gasoline service stations, solvent use, as in dry cleaning, degreasing, surface coating operations, and 

leaking underground storage tanks. Fuel combustion sources include stationary source fuel 

combustion in residences and commercial businesses, forest fires, structural fires, and solid waste 

disposal by burning. The EPA’s Consolidated Emissions Reporting Rule requires that the Periodic 

Emissions Inventory (PEI) include emissions of VOC, NOX, CO, PM10, PM2.5, SO2, and ammonia. 

The discussion of individual sources in this report includes a list of pollutants that apply to each 

category. In some cases certain pollutants were not calculated (e.g., ammonia). For these, the current 

EPA National Emissions Inventory (NEI) data will remain in place and shall be updated when 

information on these pollutants becomes available. 

This document does not address some area source categories determined to be specific sources of 

particulate and ammonia emissions (e.g., unpaved roads, cattle feedlots). At this time, the existing 

emissions data for these sources, as they appear in the EPA NEI database, will remain in place and 

shall be updated when information on these pollutants becomes available. The area source categories 

discussed are assembled into the following headings: 

 Petroleum Marketing and Transportation 

 Evaporative Solvent Use 

 Painting Operations 

 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion 

 Waste Management 

 Wildfires and Managed Burning 

Development of the Toxics Emissions Inventory is also required. The methods for the categories for 

which toxic emissions were calculated are similar to the criteria pollutant methods using emission 

factors specific to each toxic. 

Emissions Calculations Methodologies 

There are two approaches to the development of the area source emissions inventory. Specific 

categories have been updated using information and data that represent actual activities. Some of 

these categories benefit from contracted surveys that were completed during the past few years. 

Emissions from other categories were developed from a previous inventory to the current one using 

EPA’s EGAS growth factors. Specific methodologies for individual categories are provided on the 

following pages. 

Seasonal Adjustment 

The seasonal adjustment used to indicate the percentage of emissions that occur during the ozone 

(summertime) months is included in the documentation of each area source category. The adjustment 

is a multiplier of the calculated or estimated daily emissions. A factor of “one” indicates that the 

activity takes place at a constant rate throughout the year. A factor of “1.25” indicates that the 

activity is 25 percent more prevalent during the ozone season months. 

The “Days Per Week” also affects the daily emission rates. Basic estimated daily emissions are 

developed by dividing the annual emission rate by the number of days per year the category is 

thought to be in operation. Seven days per week represents 365 days per year or continual operation. 

Six days (312 days per year) and five days (260 days per year) per week are the other assumed 

operating schedules and are used primarily for the commercial and industrial categories. 

 
2

Rule Effectiveness 

Rules apply to some area source categories that will have an effect on the total emissions. For each 

category affected by a rule a Rule Effectiveness formula is applied using percentages of three criteria. 

The Rule Effectiveness for affected categories will be shown as: RE = 80%, 

RP = 95%, CE = 95% at the end of each category description. 

Rule Efficiency (RE) is the percentage of the efficiency or actual total effectiveness of the rule’s 

controlling mechanism for reducing emissions. Rules are not expected to be 100% efficient. 

Rule Penetration (RP) is the percentage of a category’s population that is affected by the rule and its 

controls. Most rules exempt small sources and apply only to larger facilities within the affected 

geographic area or county. Rule Penetration indicates the percentage of a category to which the rule 

applies. An example is the Stage II rule requiring controls on gas station pumps for refueling vehicles 

that applies only to stations pumping a certain quantity of gas per a certain time period. In addition, 

the rule only applies to ozone nonattainment counties. 

Control Efficiency (CE) is the percentage representing the actual efficiency of the control device or 

its ability to control emissions. Control devices are not expected to capture or prevent all emissions 

from a category.

Sources of Information

Data used in the calculation of emissions from area sources come from various documents. The 

following sources are discussed in the category descriptions that follow: 

U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) produces several documents used in emissions 

calculations. 

U. S. Census Bureau produces current and projected county population numbers used in 

emissions calculations. 

U. S. Census Bureau County Business Patterns provides numbers of employees in many 

significant area source categories for each county. Emission factors using numbers of 

employees are employed to calculate the emissions. 

Emissions Inventory Improvement Program (EIIP) documents from EPA provide complete 

category descriptions and methods of emissions calculations. The EIIP methods are a 

primary source of emissions calculations. 

EPA’s AP-42 is a compilation of emission factors for many area source categories. 

EPA’s Economic Growth Analysis System (EGAS) provides growth factors to be used in 

growing emissions from one year to another. 

EPA’s MOBILE6 model is used to develop emissions inventories of on-road mobile 

categories. It is also used in the calculation of emissions from the refueling subcategory of 

emissions from gas stations. 

Energy Information Administration (EIA) provides fuel use data on natural gas, liquid 

petroleum gas, coal, and other fuels used in residences and commercial and industrial 

sources. The fuel use data is used in emissions calculations. 

Quality Assurance Measures 

Quality assurance procedures for area source emissions rely mainly upon the quality of data used for 

each separate category. Data such as current population figures, fuel usage, and material usage 

change annually. When possible, sources for this information are contacted during the inventory for 

updates. Current EPA documents are also obtained to keep abreast of changes in emission factors. 
3

Other routine efforts such as checking calculations for errors and conducting reasonableness and 

completeness checks are implemented. 

AREA SOURCE CATEGORIES, DESCRIPTIONS, AND METHODOLOGIES 

Petroleum Marketing and Transportation 

Oil and Gas Production: Onshore 

SCC: 2310001000 

Pollutants: VOC, NOX, CO, PM10, PM2.5, SO2, Toxics, and Ammonia 

Description: Emissions from Onshore Oil and Gas facilities are depicted as Exploration or 

Production activities. Exploration includes drilling rigs, well completions, venting and flaring of 

wells and fugitive emissions. Production activities include crude oil and condensate storage tanks, 

compressors, heaters, dehydrators, and fugitives. 

Methodology: Actual oil and gas production data from the Texas Railroad Commission are used as 

activity data with surveys of equipment listed above to create profiles of oil and gas production sites. 

A calculator spreadsheet The EPA TANK 4.0 program was used to estimate tank emissions. Typical 

fugitive component counts for each production field came from a survey conducted by ENVIRON 

Corp. for the 1999 PEI. Compressor emissions were estimated using the factor 205 hp/mmscf to 

yield the operating horsepower. 

Recent contracted surveys of oil and gas exploration and production facilities have resulted in 

collecting actual activity data at these facilities. For cases in which relevant emissions were 

calculated from these surveys, emissions estimated using the above method were replaced. 

Activity Data Source: Actual oil and gas production statistics from Texas Railroad 

Commission surveys 

Emission Factors Source: AP-42 

Seasonal Adjustment: Factor = 1, seven days per week 

Oil and Gas Production: Offshore

SCC: 2310002000 

Pollutants: VOC, NOX, CO, PM10, PM2.5, SO2, Toxics, and Ammonia 

Description: Offshore production platforms are established for pumping oil and gas from offshore 

wells to shore based facilities. The platforms included here are within the state jurisdiction and are 

generally within three nautical miles from the coast. Platforms are geographically located within 

blocks. Offshore Blocks comprise a grid system to identify parcels of submerged land for the Outer 

Continental Shelf. The blocks were created by the Office of Minerals Management Service of the 

U.S. Department of Interior and they have been carried over to state submerged lands as identified by 

the Texas General Land Office and Texas Railroad Commission. 

Methodology: The platforms were associated with specific county boundaries using a geographic 

information system (GIS) with gridlines representing the blocks. Actual natural gas throughput data 

were used to calculate compressor and dehydrator emissions. 

Activity Data Source: Texas General Land Office for platform location; and Texas Railroad 

Commission for natural gas production statistics 

Emission Factors Source: AP-42 
4

Seasonal Adjustment: Factor = 1, seven days per week 

 

Marine Loading

SCC: 2501000000 

Pollutants: VOC, Toxics 

Description: The marine cargo loading source category includes the loading and transportation of 

various types of petroleum-based products on ships and barges. Emissions were estimated for fuel 

loading, ballasting and transit activities. 

Methodology: Commercial vessel product tonnages were obtained from the U.S. Army Corps of 

Engineers’ Waterborne Commerce Statistics Center. Marine cargo loading emissions were estimated 

by combining commercial vessel tonnages with VOC emission factors. The petroleum product 

tonnages were reported for ship and barge loading, ballasting, and transit for 20 Texas ports. Product 

tonnages were assigned to five different fuel type classifications as follows: crude oil, gasoline, 

distillate oil, residual fuel, and jet naphtha. Product tonnages were then converted to product volumes 

based on the product density obtained from AP-42. VOC emissions were estimated from the 

converted product volumes using VOC emissions factors in units of pounds of VOC per 1000 gallons 

transferred, ballasted, or transported. It is assumed that transit time in each port is limited to two 

days; the lbs/1000 gallons-week VOC transit emission factors were multiplied by (2/7) to account for 

this. The ballasting emission factors were multiplied by a factor of 0.3 to account for the practice of 

loading a ship or barge at some fraction of capacity when ballasting. After VOC emissions were 

calculated, speciation profiles, obtained from the Houston Area Source Toxic Emissions (HASTE) 

inventory, were applied to calculate toxics emissions. 

Activity Data Source: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers’ Waterborne Commerce Statistics Center 

Emission Factors Source: EIIP, AP-42 

Seasonal Adjustment: Factor = 1, seven days per week 

Rule Effectiveness: RE = 99%, RP = 100%, CE = 90% 

Gasoline Stations: Stage 1, Balanced Submerged Filling (Underground Tank)

SCC: 2501060053 

Pollutants: VOC, Toxics 

Description: VOC emissions at gas stations occur during the unloading of gasoline from tanker 

trucks to underground storage tanks (UST). Those VOC emissions are a result of the displacement of 

vapor in the UST by the liquid gas being unloaded into the tanks. For ozone nonattainment counties, 

Stage 1 controls route the displaced VOC from the UST back into the tank truck. For counties not 

requiring the controls, the VOC is released to the atmosphere. 

Methodology: The total statewide quantity of gasoline unloaded into the UST was generated by 

using gasoline tax data from the Texas Comptroller’s Office. Vehicle registration data by county 

from the Texas Department of Transportation were used to prorate the statewide quantity to 

individual counties. 

A general formula to estimate losses due to loading petroleum liquids is used as shown in the EPA 

AP-42, Fifth Edition, Section 5.2.2.1.1. Selected variables, specific to tank content in the area of 

study and seasonal weather data specific to the region, were used to produce unique emission factors. 

The emission factors generated were used to calculate the VOC emissions during underground tank 
5

filling. Specific emission factors were developed for filling USTs due to the product temperature 

variations experienced year-round and varying Reid vapor pressures found in gasoline in the USTs in 

Texas counties. Toxics emissions were calculated using the same speciation profiles. 

Recent contracted surveys of gasoline stations have resulted in the collection of actual throughput of 

gasoline at the stations. For cases in which relevant emissions were calculated from these surveys, 

emissions estimated using the above method were replaced. 

Activity Data Source: Texas Comptroller’s Office, and Texas Department of Transportation surveys 

Emission Factors Source: AP-42 

Seasonal Adjustment: Factor = 1, six days per week 

Rule Effectiveness: RE = 80%, RP = 95%, CE = 95% 

Gasoline Stations: Stage 2, Vehicle Refueling 

SCC: 2501060100 

Pollutants: VOC, Toxics 

Description: This category concerns emissions from gasoline refueling of vehicles. Controls of 

vehicle refueling in the ozone nonattainment counties are required. These controls consist of vapor 

return systems at the pump and vehicle onboard canisters that collect displacement vapors from the 

gas tank during refueling. 

Methodology: The total statewide quantity of the gasoline for vehicle refueling was generated by 

using gasoline tax data from the Texas Comptroller’s Office. Vehicle registration data by county 

from the Texas Department of Transportation was used to prorate the statewide quantity to individual 

counties. The on-road mobile model (MOBILE6) refueling emission factors for each county were 

applied to the gasoline quantities. Toxics emissions were calculated using the same speciation profile 

used for the 1999 Toxics inventory. 

Recent contracted surveys of gasoline stations have resulted in collecting actual throughput of 

gasoline at the stations. For cases in which relevant emissions were calculated from these surveys, 

emissions estimated using the above method were replaced. 

Activity Data Source: Texas Comptroller’s Office, and Texas Department of Transportation surveys 

Emission Factors Source: MOBILE6 

Seasonal Adjustment: Factor = 1, seven days per week 

Rule Effectiveness: RE = 80%, RP = 95%, CE = 95% 

Gasoline Stations: Stage 2, Spillage

SCC: 2501060103 

Pollutants: VOC, Toxics 

Description: This category involves emissions resulting from the spillage of gasoline during 

refueling operations. 

Methodology: The total statewide quantity of the gasoline for spillage was generated by using 

gasoline tax data from the Texas Comptroller’s Office. Vehicle registration data by county from the 
6

Texas Department of Transportation was used to prorate the statewide quantity to individual counties. 

MOBILE6 emission factors for each county were applied to the gasoline quantities. Toxics emissions 

were calculated using the same speciation profile used for the1999 Toxics inventory. 

Recent contracted surveys of gasoline stations have resulted in collecting actual throughput of 

gasoline at the stations. Where relevant emissions calculated from these surveys have replaced the 

emissions estimated in the method discussed above. 

Activity Data Source: Texas Comptroller’s Office, and Texas Department of Transportation 

surveys 

Emission Factors Source: MOBILE6 

Seasonal Adjustment: Factor = 1, seven days per week 

Gasoline Stations: Underground Tank (Breathing and Emptying)

SCC: 2501060201 

Pollutants: VOC, Toxics 

Description: These emissions result from the underground tank’s diurnal breathing losses and from 

refueling operations. 

Methodology: The total statewide quantity of gasoline for tank breathing was generated by using 

gasoline tax data from the Texas Comptroller’s Office. Vehicle registration data by county from the 

Texas Department of Transportation was used to prorate the statewide quantity to individual counties. 

The standard AP-42 emission factor was applied to the quantities of gasoline from each county. 

Toxics emissions were calculated using the same speciation profile used for the 1999 Toxics 

inventory. 

Recent contracted surveys of gasoline stations have resulted in collecting actual throughput of 

gasoline at the stations. For cases in which relevant emissions were calculated from these surveys, 

emissions estimated using the above method were replaced. 

Activity Data Source: Texas Comptroller’s Office, and Texas Department of Transportation 

Emission Factors Source: AP-42 

Seasonal Adjustment: Factor = 1, seven days per week 

Gasoline Stations: Tank Truck in Transit

SCC: 2505030120 

Pollutants: VOC, Toxics 

Description: This category involves the emissions from the tank trucks during delivery of gasoline to 

stations. 

Methodology: The total statewide quantity of the gasoline for tank trucks in transit was generated 

using gasoline tax data from the Texas Comptroller’s Office. Vehicle registration data by county 

from the Texas Department of Transportation were used to prorate the statewide quantity to 

individual counties. The standard AP-42 emission factor was applied to the quantities of gasoline 

from each county. To account for uncounted fugitives from the tank truck fuel loading operations, 

emissions were multiplied by 1.25. Toxics emissions were calculated using the same speciation 

profile used for the 1999 Toxics inventory. 
7

Recent contracted surveys of gasoline stations have resulted in collecting actual throughput of 

gasoline at the stations. For cases in which relevant emissions were calculated from these surveys, 

emissions estimated using the above method were replaced. 

Activity Data Source: Texas Comptroller’s Office, and Texas Department of Transportation 

Emission Factors Source: AP-42 

Seasonal Adjustment: Factor = 1, six days per week 

Rule Effectiveness: RE = 80%, RP = 95%, CE = 95% 

Aircraft Refueling

SCC: 2275900000 

Pollutants: VOC, NOX, CO, PM10, PM2.5, SO2

Description: Aircraft refueling includes all types of fuels for major commercial aircraft 

Methodology: The 1999 emissions inventory was developed using standard EPA emission factors 

with airport fuel data. The 1999 emissions were grown using the appropriate EPA EGAS growth 

factors. 

Activity Data Source: 1999 emissions inventory. 

Emission Factors Source: Environmental Protection Agency 

Seasonal Adjustment: Factor = 1, seven days per week 

Leaking Underground Storage Tanks

SCC: 2660000000 

Pollutants: VOC, Toxics 

Description: Leaking underground storage tanks are those that have been uncovered and removed. 

The disturbance of the saturated soil releases VOC emissions. 

Methodology: Actual numbers of tanks removed are collected by agency mandate. The emission 

factor of 28 pounds of VOC per tank remediation per day, developed by Radian Corporation, was 

used. Durations of emissions from the disturbed soil is assumed to be 30 days. Toxics emissions 

were calculated using the same speciation profile used for the Underground Tank (Breathing and 

Emptying) category. 

Activity Data Source: Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, Petroleum Storage Tank 

Division 

Emission Factors Source: EIIP, Radian1999 methodology for EPA 

Seasonal Adjustment: Factor = 1, seven days per week 

Portable Gasoline Containers

SCC: 
8

2501011011 PERMEATION: RESIDENTIAL

2501011012 EVAPORATION (DIURNAL): RESIDENTIAL 

2501011013 SPILLAGE: TRANSPORT: RESIDENTIAL 

2501011014 REFILLING: VAPOR DISPLACEMENT: 

RESIDENTIAL 

2501011015 REFILLING: SPILLAGE: RESIDENTIAL 

2501012011 PERMEATION: COMMERCIAL 

2501012012 EVAPORATION (DIURNAL): COMMERCIAL 

2501012013 SPILLAGE: TRANSPORT: COMMERCIAL 

2501012014 REFILLING: VAPOR DISPLACEMENT: 

COMMERCIAL 

2501012015 REFILLING: SPILLAGE: COMMERCIAL

Pollutants: VOC, Toxics 

Description: These are the various portable gasoline containers used for refueling small engines such 

as on lawn and garden equipment and recreational boat engines. Emissions are separated into several 

categories: permeation, diurnal, spillage, transport, and vapor displacement. Emissions for this 

category are divided into residential and commercial sectors. 

Methodology: Surveys were conducted for each sector. Residential allocations for the gas can 

emissions are based on the study Current Population Survey which provides population estimates for 

adults in the State of Texas. Additionally, residential gas can usage was adjusted by analyzing the 

number of single and duplex housing units obtained from the Texas State Data Center. Further 

stratification for emissions allocation used a list of lawn and garden businesses obtained from the 

Texas State Comptroller of Public Accounts. There are 7,797 lawn and garden commercial 

businesses listed in Texas. Allocations for both residential and commercial were based upon these 

data sources and allocated at the county level. Toxics emissions were calculated using a speciation 

profile identical to the one used for Stage 2, Vehicle Refueling. 

Activity Data Source: ERG study. 

Emission Factors Source: Eastern Research Group, Inc. study 

Seasonal Adjustment: Factor = 1, seven days per week 

Evaporative Solvent Use 

Bakeries

SCC: 2302050000 

Pollutants: VOC 

Description: This category covers emissions from yeast leveling at commercial bakeries. The 

bakery dough produces primarily ethanol. 

Methodology: The basic emissions inventory is developed using standard EPA emission factors with 

per capita county populations. 

Activity Data Source: U. S. Census Bureau county level population data 
9

Emission Factors Source: Environmental Protection Agency 

Seasonal Adjustment: Factor = 1, seven days per week 

Commercial Cooking

Pollutants: VOC, CO, PM10, PM2.5

Description: Four types of cooking methods are included: conveyorized charbroiling, under-fired 

charbroiling, flat griddle frying, clam shell griddle frying, and deep fat frying. The following meat 

types are included: hamburger, poultry, pork, seafood, steak, and other. The third factor considered in 

the calculation is the restaurant category which includes: ethnic, family, fast food, seafood, and steak 

and barbeque. 

Methodology: County level number of restaurants by type is obtained from Dun & Bradstreet 

industry classification lists. Survey data depict the average amount of equipment by equipment type 

and by restaurant type. The average weekly pounds of meat by meat type and equipment type is also 

determined. These data are included in the mathematical calculation that results in emissions by 

cooking method by county. 

Activity Data Source: The Environmental Protection Agency National Emissions Inventory 

Emission Factors Source: Environmental Protection Agency 

Seasonal Adjustment: Factor = 1, seven days per week 

Degreasing: Cold Cleaning

SCC: 2415300000 

Pollutants: VOC 

Description: These are small (non-point source) degreasing operations that may have actual 

degreasing equipment with degreasing solvent in use or simple open cans of gasoline. Both are used 

to clean grease and other unwanted material from small metal parts. 

Methodology: The emissions inventory is developed using standard EPA emission factors with the 

North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS) per employee populations. The Census 

Bureau’s County Business Patterns documentation is the source for number of employees by NAICS. 

Activity Data Source: County Business Patterns 

Emission Factors Source: Environmental Protection Agency 

Seasonal Adjustment: Factor = 1, six days per week 

Rule Effectiveness: RE = 70%, RP = 100%, CE = 58% 

Dry Cleaning

SCC: 2420000000 

Pollutants: VOC, Toxics 

Description: This category concerns the emissions of VOCs from petroleum solvents (mineral 

spirits) used in the dry cleaning of clothing. Although perchloroethylene is the primary solvent used 

in cleaning, it is not an ozone precursor and, therefore, it is not reported in the emissions inventory. 

Perchloroethylene is included in the toxics inventory. 
10

Methodology: The emissions inventory is developed using standard EPA emission factors with per 

capita county populations. 

Activity Data Source: U.S. Census Bureau county level population data 

Emission Factors Source: Environmental Protection Agency 

Seasonal Adjustment: Factor = 1, five days per week 

Rule Effectiveness: RE = 99%, RP = 90%, CE = 80% 

Graphic Arts

SCC: 2425000000 

Pollutants: VOC, Toxics 

Description: This source consists of small (non-point source) graphic arts operations, including all 

various types of printing facilities. 

Methodology: In 2001 statewide surveys were conducted of small graphic arts facilities and data 

from these were compiled into an emissions inventory for 1999. The 1999 emissions were grown 

using the appropriate data from the U. S. Census Bureau’s County Business Patterns and EPA EGAS 

growth factors. Toxics emissions for six species were calculated using data from County Business 

Patterns and the 1999 ERG survey for the model facility. 

Activity Data Source: The 1999 Emissions Inventory Survey 

Emission Factors Source: Environmental Protection Agency 

Seasonal Adjustment: Factor = 1, six days per week 

Consumer/Commercial Products 

SCC: 

2460100000 All Personal Care Products 

2460200000 All Household Products 

2460500000 All Coatings and Related Products 

2460400000 All Automotive Aftermarket Products 

2460600000 All Adhesives and Sealants 

2460800000 All FIFRA Related Products 

2460900000 Misc Products (Not Otherwise Covered) 

Pollutants: VOC, Toxics, and ammonia. 

Description: Consumer products are chemically formulated products used by individuals around the 

home, workshop, garden, and garage that may emit VOCs during use, consumption, storage, disposal, 

destruction or decomposition. Commercial products include those similar in nature to consumer 

products and may be used in various commercial, institutional, or industrial applications. These 

solvent-containing products are arranged into seven major consumer and commercial product 

categories. 
11

Methodology: The 2002 consumer and commercial products inventory was based on 1997 

California Air Resources Board (CARB) survey data by computing new per capita emission factors 

for the inventory from the 1997 CARB survey daily totals (tons per day) and the 1997 California 

population of 32,957,000 (State of California, Department of Finance, 2000). These data were 

converted to a per capita emission factor (lbs/year/person). Emissions were calculated using 

projected Texas county populations from the state Comptrollers Office and per capita emissions 

factors. Toxics emissions were calculated using per capita emission factors for each toxic species and 

county level population. Air toxic emission factors for each of the seven consumer product 

classifications were obtained from 1996 EIIP document. 

Activity Data Source: Projected Texas county populations 

Emission Factors Source: EIIP, Per capita emission factor (lbs/year/person) 

Seasonal Adjustment: Factor = 1, seven days per week 

Rule Effectiveness: RE = 99%, RP = 75%, CE = 56% 

Asphalt Paving: Cutback and Emulsified 

SCC: 

2461021000 Cutback Asphalt 

2461022000 Emulsified Asphalt 

Pollutants: VOC, Toxics 

Description: This category concerns the application of all types of asphalt paving material on 

roadways and other paved surfaces. 

Methodology: For calculating asphalt emissions, the total of asphalt cement (AC) and performance 

grade (PG) number of gallons was obtained from Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT). The 

total amount of solvent in tons was calculated by using the following formula: 

Asphalt Mixture (gallons) * Asphalt Mixture Density (pound/gallon) (8.5 % 

solvent) = pounds of solvent emissions. 

Emissions from each county were calculated based upon the dollar amount each county spent on 

roads and bridges, information tracked by the Texas Comptroller. The following formula was used:

 

Tons of all solvent multiplied by percent of the dollar amount that each 

county spent on highway projects = total emissions (in tons) emitted. 

The same calculations were used to calculate Asphalt Emulsions and Asphalt Cutbacks. TxDOT 

activity for paving represents about 60 percent of the paving applications statewide. Based on this 

assumption, TxDOT asphalt activity is increased by 40 percent to estimate a statewide total. Toxics 

emissions were calculated from the VOC estimates by applying speciation profiles for three toxic 

pollutants. The profile used is identical to the one used for 1999 PEI. 

Activity Data Source: Texas Department of Transportation, and Texas Comptroller’s Office 

Emission Factors Source: AP-42 
12

Seasonal Adjustment: Factor = 1.3, five days per week 

 

Rule Effectiveness: Cutback Asphalt: RE = 80%, RP = 80%, CE = 65% 

 

Pesticides

SCC: 2461800000 

Pollutants: VOC 

Description: VOCs are emitted from pesticides and herbicides that are used on six major crops 

grown in Texas. The chemicals used in the pesticides and herbicides have active and inactive 

ingredients that produce VOC emissions. After the application of chemicals the VOCs are released 

into the atmosphere. 

Methodology: Agricultural crop data for six major crops were selected and associated herbicides and 

pesticides used were also extracted from the Texas Agricultural Department. The chemicals used for 

each crop were identified, and the active and inactive data were also determined and used with the 

EPAs Emission Inventory Improvement Program (EIIP) methodology for calculating the emission 

estimates. The emissions were determined as uncontrolled for all crops considered and all chemicals 

used. 

Activity Data Source: Texas Agricultural Department 

Emission Factors Source: EIIP 

Seasonal Adjustment: Factor = 1.3, seven days per week 

Catastrophic/Accidental Releases

SCC: 2830000000 

Pollutants: VOC 

Description: This category represents accidental spills that release VOC emissions. These are not 

considered to be those “upsets” at major point sources. 

Methodology: The 1999 emissions were grown using the appropriate EPA EGAS growth factors. 

Activity Data Source: The 1999 Emissions Inventory 

Emission Factors Source: EGAS 

Seasonal Adjustment: Factor = 1, seven days per week 

Coating (Painting) Operations 

Architectural Coatings

SCC: 22401001000 

Pollutants: VOC, Toxics 

Description: This category is specific to the painting of houses and structures. 

Methodology: Emissions were estimated by first calculating per capita paint usage factors for both 

solvent- and water-based coatings using paint shipment data from U.S. Census and national 

population statistics. These per capita usage factors were then multiplied by the county populations 
13

to determine paint usage in Texas. Average VOC contents for both kinds of paints and toxics 

speciation profiles were obtained from the EIIP, 1995. 

National paint shipment data were obtained from the U.S. Census Bureau. National population 

statistics were obtained from U.S. Census Bureau. Population statistics for Texas were obtained 

from the comptroller’s database. The estimated per capita solvent-based coating usage factor was 

0.44 gal/person-year and water-based coating usage factor was 2.05 gal/person-year. Average VOC 

contents of 3.87 lbs VOC per gallon of coating (solvent-based) and 0.74 lbs VOC per gallon of 

coating (water-based), as well as toxic speciation profiles, were obtained from inventory guidance 

developed by U.S. EPA. County-level population statistics were used to allocate emissions to 

individual counties. Toxics emissions were calculated by applying speciation profiles to the VOC 

estimates. 

Activity Data Source: U.S. Census Bureau 

Emission Factors Source: Derived from EIIP 

Seasonal Adjustment: Factor = 1.3, seven days per week 
Industrial Painting Operations

 SCC Description Seasonal Factor Rule Effectiveness 

2401005000 Auto Refinishing Factor = 1, five days per week. RE = 50%, RP = 100%, 

CE = 32% 

2401008000 Traffic Markings Factor = 1, seven days per 

week. 

NA 

2401015000 Factory Finished 

Wood 

Factor = 1, five days per week. RE = 99%, RP = 75%, 

CE = 56% 

2401020000 Wood Furniture Factor = 1, five days per week. RE = 75%, RP = 20%, 

CE = 75% 

2401025000 Metal Furniture Factor = 1, five days per week. NA 

2401030000 Paper Factor = 1, five days per week. NA 

2401040000 Metal Cans Factor = 1, five days per week. RE = 99%, RP = 75%, 

CE = 55% 

2401045000 Metal Coils Factor = 1, five days per week. RE = 99%, RP = 75%, 

CE = 56% 

2401055000 Machinery & 

Equipment 

Factor = 1, five days per week. RE = 99%, RP = 75%, 

CE = 57% 

2401060000 Large Appliances Factor = 1, five days per week. NA 

2401065000 Electronic & 

Electrical 

Factor = 1, five days per week. NA 

2401070000 Motor Vehicles Factor = 1, five days per week. NA 

2401075000 Aircraft Factor = 1, five days per week. NA 

2401080000 Marine Factor = 1, five days per week. NA 

2401085000 Railroad Factor = 1, five days per week. NA 

2401090000 Misc. Manufacturing Factor = 1, five days per week. NA 

2401100000 Industrial 

Maintenance 

Factor = 1, five days per week. NA 

Pollutants: VOC, Toxics 

Description: These operations include product finishes for original equipment and special purpose 

coatings not included in the point source inventory. These coatings will be solvent-based and waterbased and may be applied by spray, brush, and roller. 

Methodology: For the 1999 emissions inventory, TCEQ conducted research on the amount of 

coatings used by each industry sector, and VOC content data were obtained from the National Paint 

and Coatings Association. In addition, data for national shipments of coatings were obtained from the 

U.S. Department of Commerce. Emission factors from these data were applied to the North 

American Industrial Classification System (NAICS) employee populations for each county. The 

1999 emissions were grown using the appropriate EPA EGAS growth factors. Toxics emissions for 

Industrial maintenance coatings were grown from 1999 using EGAS growth factors. 

14
15

Activity Data Source: The 1999 Emissions Inventory 

Emission Factors Source: EGAS 

Stationary Source Fuel Combustion

Stationary Source Fuel Combustion

 SCC Description Seasonal Factor 

2102005000 Industrial/Residual oil Factor = 1, six days per week. 

2102006000 Industrial Natural Gas Factor = 1, six days per week. 

2102007000 Industrial LPG Factor = 1, six days per week. 

2103004000 Commercial/Institutional Distillate Oil Factor = 0.6, six days per week. 

2103005000 Commercial/Institutional Residual Oil Factor = 0.6, six days per week. 

2103006000 Commercial/Institutional Natural Gas Factor = 0.6, six days per week. 

2103007000 Commercial/Institutional LPG Factor = 0.6, six days per week. 

2104001000 Residential Coal Factor = 1, seven days per week. 

2104006000 Residential Natural Gas Factor = 0.3, seven days per 

week. 

2104007000 Residential LPG Factor = 0.3, seven days per 

week. 

2104008001 Wood: Fireplaces Factor = 0.3, seven days per 

week. 

2104008002 Fireplace Inserts/non-EPA certified Factor = 0.3, seven days per 

week. 

2104008003 Fireplace Inserts/non-catalytic/EPA 

certified 

Factor = 0.3, seven days per 

week. 

2104008004 Fireplace Inserts/catalytic/EPA certified Factor = 0.3, seven days per 

week. 

2104008010 Woodstoves Factor = 0.3, seven days per 

week. 

2104008030 Catalytic Woodstoves Factor = 0.3, seven days per 

week. 

2104008050 Non-catalytic Woodstoves Factor = 0.3, seven days per 

week. 

Pollutants: VOC, NOX, CO, PM10, PM2.5, SO2

Description: These categories include small sources of fuel combustion for: home heating, cooking, 

and water heating as well as commercial and industrial sources of heating. Various fuel types are 

included, although natural gas is the primary fuel used. 
16

Methodology: Stationary fuel sources (industrial, commercial/institutional, residential) fuel use data 

were obtained from the Energy Information Administration (EIA). Fuel data were used with EPA 

emissions factors to calculate emissions. U.S. Census Bureau data on county residences by fuel type 

and number of employees by county and by Industrial and Commercial SIC were used to prorate the 

EIA statewide data to the county level. Emissions from some categories come from the EPA 

inventory. 

Activity Data Source: The EIA, and U.S. Census Bureau 

Emission Factors Source: EIIP 

Waste Management 

Yard Waste Burning

SCC: 

2610000100 Yard Waste: Leaves 

2610000400 Yard Waste: Brush 

Pollutants: VOC, NOX, CO, PM10, PM2.5, SO2

Description: This is the occasional burning of leaves and brush. Although not allowed in urban 

areas, this activity occurs in more rural areas. It is not a primary activity of the ozone season. 

Methodology: The 1999 emissions were grown using the appropriate EPA EGAS growth factors. 

Activity Data Source: The 1999 Emissions Inventory 

Emission Factors Source: EGAS 

Seasonal Adjustment: Factor = 0.3, seven days per week 

Land Clearing Debris Burning

SCC: 2610000500 

Pollutants: VOC, NOX, CO, PM10, PM2.5, SO2

Description: This is the burning of vegetation from land clearing operations. It is mostly related to 

construction and agricultural operations, and it may occur year round. 

Methodology: The 1999 emissions were grown using the appropriate EPA EGAS growth factors. 

Activity Data Source: The 1999 emissions Inventory 

Emission Factors Source: EGAS 

Seasonal Adjustment: Factor = 1, seven days per week 

Residential Household Waste Burning

SCC: 2610030000 

Pollutants: VOC, NOX, CO, PM10, PM2.5, SO2

Description: This is the occasional burning of household wastes. Although not allowed in urban 

areas, this activity occurs in more rural areas. 
17

Methodology: The 1999 emissions were grown using the appropriate EPA EGAS growth factors. 

Activity Data Source: The 1999 Emissions Inventory 

Emission Factors Source: EGAS 

Seasonal Adjustment: Factor = 1, seven days per week 

Landfills

SCC: 2620030000 

Pollutants: VOC, Toxics, ammonia 

Description: Solid Waste Landfills primarily accept household wastes. Over a period of time they 

produce emissions of primarily methane gas, but some VOCs are emitted. In general, seven years 

from the date the landfill is opened, it begins to release methane and non-methane organic compounds 

(NMOC). It is assumed that the life of methane emissions from a landfill is about 30 years. 

Methodology: The emissions estimation was based on the EPA LandGEM model. The time period 

considered for this EI is from 1978 to 2002. The amount of waste generated for each of the years, 

1978 to 2002, was computed and then plugged into the LandGEM model to determine the total 

NMOC (VOC) emissions per a year. Annual total municipal solid waste data from 1986 to 2002 was 

obtained from Municipal Solid Waste Division of the TCEQ. The waste collected from 1978 to 1985 

was estimated using per capita waste generation factors for each year obtained from a linear 

regression analysis of the data from1986 to 2002 and the population data for the corresponding years. 

The LandGEM model was used to estimate Toxics emissions from the municipal landfill. 

Activity Data Source: Municipal Solid Waste Division, TCEQ 

Emission Factors Source: LandGEM model 

Seasonal Adjustment: Factor = 1, seven days per week 

Rule Effectiveness: RE = 99%, RP = 95%, CE = 70% 

Wastewater Treatment: Public Owned

SCC: 2630020000 

Pollutants: VOC, Toxics, ammonia 

Description: Publically owned waste water treatment facilities (POWT) are the municipal facilities 

that treat waste water. 

Methodology: The EPA guidance allows a default value of 1.1 x 10-4 pounds of VOC per gallon of 

industrial wastewater discharged. Since discharge units are typically in million gallons per day, it 

follows that: (1.1 x 10-4) (pounds of VOC per gallon of wastewater) x (1 x 106

) (gallons per million 

gallons) = (110) (pounds of VOC emitted per million gallons of industrial wastewater). The result of 

this calculation provides an emission factor of 110 pounds of VOC emitted per million gallons of 

industrial wastewater discharged to a POWT or package plant. This factor is recommended for 

estimating VOC emissions from POWTs and from package plants where measured emissions data are 

not available. 
18

The EPA-recommended default value is based on a total wastewater flow composed of 16 percent 

industrial wastewater. Therefore, for every 6.25 million gallons of wastewater discharged, 16%, or 1 

million gallons of the discharge is considered industrial wastewater, which produces 110 lbs. VOC. 

The data obtained from the EPA’s Clear Watershed Needs Survey report gives the discharge flow rate 

data in average million gallons per day (MGD) for each treatment facility. The facility information 

includes the county name that helps to obtain total wastewater discharge flow rate for each county. 

The seasonal adjustment factor for VOC for this category is one, and treatment facilities operate all 

seven days in a week. So the average daily value was multiplied by 365 to obtain the annual 

discharge value for the county. The average daily discharge value was multiplied by 110 to obtain 

VOC emissions. Finally, this number was divided by 2000 to give the average VOC total in tons per 

year (TPY) per county. Total Toxics emissions from each county were calculated by multiplying the 

wastewater throughput by the influent concentrations of each Toxic and fraction emitted (Fe) factor. 

Activity Data Source: Clear Watershed Needs Survey report of EPA for all municipal wastewater 

treatment facilities for the year 2000 

Emission Factors Source: Derived from EPA, Publication No. EPA-450/491-016 

Seasonal Adjustment: Factor = 1, seven days per week 

Wildfires and Managed Burning 

Fires: Agricultural 

SCC: 2801500000 

Pollutants: VOC, NOX, CO, PM10, PM2.5, SO2, Toxics, ammonia 

Description: These are fires used for various agricultural purposes such as land clearing, planting 

preparation, stubble burning, crop residue/waste burning, and burning of standing fields such as 

sugarcane. Very little activity takes place during the ozone season. 

Methodology: Surveys of agricultural burning activities were conducted by the University of Texas 

at Austin in 1999 for the year 1997. Emissions were calculated using these survey data. This is 

considered to be a significant improvement over subsequent projects using national data prorated to 

state and county levels. Since 1997 was considered to be an average year, data for that year are being 

submitted to represent year 2002 until further updates can be provided9

. Toxics emissions were 

calculated by growing the 1999 EI using EGAS growth factors. 

Activity Data Source: Inventory of Air Pollutant Emissions Associated with Forest, 

Grassland, and Agricultural Burning in Texas, University of Texas 

Emission Factors Source: Derived from AP-42, EIIP 

Seasonal Adjustment: Factor = 0.001, seven days per week 

Fires: Wildfires 

SCC: 2810001000 

Pollutants: VOC, NOX, CO, PM10, PM2.5, SO2, Toxics, ammonia 

Description: Wildfires are unwanted fires occurring in wildland areas. Their ignition is considered 

either accidental, malicious, or of natural origin. 

Methodology: Technical guidance was available from a private contractor, E. H. Pechan and 

Associates, Inc., for this category using the Documentation for the 2002 Nonpoint Area Source 
19

National Emission Inventory for Criteria and Hazardous Air Pollutants (January 2004 Version). This 

included emission factors for the majority of the criteria pollutants. The fuel consumption factor used 

was 3.5 tons per acre, and the State-Average Smoldering Augmentation Factor was 0.058, both from 

the Table 2 of the Wildfire Fuel Consumption and Smoldering Augmentation Factors. Toxics 

emissions were calculated using appropriate emissions factors and the number of acres of land 

burned. 

Activity Data Source: Bureau of Land Management Fire History database 

Emission Factors Source: E. H. Pechan and Associates, Inc. 

Seasonal Adjustment: Factor = 1, seven days per week 

 

Fires: Slash 

SCC: 2810005000 

Pollutants: VOC, NOX, CO, PM10, PM2.5, SO2, Toxics, ammonia 

Description: These are planned fires of wild biomass residues resulting from timber harvesting 

practices and land clearing operations. 

Methodology: Surveys of slash burning activities were conducted by the University of Texas at 

Austin in 1999 for the year 1997. Emissions were calculated using these survey data and are 

considered to be a significant improvement over subsequent projects that have relied on default 

national data prorated to state and county levels using surrogates. Since 1997 was considered to be an 

average year, data for that year are being submitted to represent year 2002 until further updates can be 

provided.9

 Toxics emissions were calculated by growing the 1999 EI using EGAS growth factors. 

Activity Data Source: Inventory of Air Pollutant Emissions Associated with Forest, 

Grassland, and Agricultural Burning in Texas, University of Texas 

Emission Factors Source: Derived from AP-42, EIIP 

Seasonal Adjustment: Factor = 1, seven days per week 

Fires: Prescribed Forestland

SCC: 2810015000 

Pollutants: VOC, NOX, CO, PM10, PM2.5, SO2, Toxics, ammonia 

Description: Prescribed forestland fires are planned management fires used to control 

forest/understory, excluding slash burning. Very little activity takes place during the ozone season. 

Methodology: Surveys of prescribed forestland burning activities were conducted by the University 

of Texas at Austin in 1999 for the year 1997. Emissions were calculated using these survey data and 

are considered to be a significant improvement over subsequent projects that have relied on default 

national data prorated to state and county levels using surrogates. Since 1997 was considered to be an 

average year, data for that year are being submitted to represent year 2002 until further updates can be 

provided9

. Toxics emissions were calculated by growing the 1999 EI using EGAS growth factors. 

Activity Data Source: Inventory of Air Pollutant Emissions Associated with Forest, 

Grassland, and Agricultural Burning in Texas, University of Texas 

Emission Factors Source: Derived from AP-42, EIIP 
20

Seasonal Adjustment: Factor = 0.001, seven days per week 

 

Fires: Prescribed Rangeland

SCC: 2810020000 

Pollutants: VOC, NOX, CO, PM10, PM2.5, SO2, Toxics, ammonia 

Description: Prescribed rangeland fires are planned management fires used to control range and 

grasslands, excluding slash burning. Very little activity takes place during the ozone season. 

Methodology: Surveys of prescribed rangeland burning activities were conducted by the University 

of Texas at Austin in 1999 for the year 1997. Emissions were calculated using these survey data and 

are considered to be a significant improvement over subsequent projects that have relied on default 

national data prorated to state and county levels using surrogates. Since 1997 was considered to be an 

average year, data for that year are being submitted to represent year 2002 until further updates can be 

provided9

. Toxics emissions were calculated by growing the 1999 EI using EGAS growth factors. 

Activity Data Source: Inventory of Air Pollutant Emissions Associated with Forest, 

Grassland, and Agricultural Burning in Texas, University of Texas 

Emission Factors Source: Derived from AP-42, EIIP 

Seasonal Adjustment: Factor = 0.001, seven days per week 

Fires: Structural 

SCC: 2810030000 

Pollutants: VOC, NOX, CO, PM10, PM2.5, SO2, Toxics, ammonia 

Description: Structural fires are those fires of houses and buildings. Their ignition is considered 

either accidental, malicious, or of natural origin. 

Methodology: Technical guidance was available from EIIP volume III for the category. This 

included emission factors for the majority of the criteria pollutants. PM2.5 was derived by 

multiplying 0.91 against the PM10 emissions per instructions from the EIIP TechReport Vol. 9. The 

fuel loading factor used was the default loading factor from EIIP, which is 1.15 tons per fire. Toxics 

emissions were grown from the 1999 EI using EGAS growth factors. 

Activity Data Source: Texas State Fire Marshal Office 

Emission Factors Source: EIIP, AP-42 

Seasonal Adjustment: Factor = 1, seven days per week 

 

Fires: Automobiles 

SCC: 2810050000 

Pollutants: VOC, NOX, CO, PM10, PM2.5, SO2

Description: Automobile fires are fires associated with highway vehicles. Their ignition is 

considered accidental, malicious, or of natural origin. 

Methodology: Technical guidance was available from EIIP volume III for the category. This 

included emission factors for the majority of the criteria pollutants. The fuel loading factor used was 
21

the default loading factor from EIIP, which is 0.25 tons of material that can burn in a fire, based on 

the average weight of a vehicle being approximately 3,700 lbs. 

Activity Data Source: Texas State Fire Marshal Office 

Emission Factors Source: EIIP, AP-42 

Seasonal Adjustment: Factor = 1, seven days per week