# Patent

## Title
Examination method for distinguishing between natural diamond and synthetic CVD/HPHT diamonds

## Abstract

This invention is within the technical field of distinguishing between natural diamond and synthetic CVD and HPHT diamonds, involves an examination technique using the Raman spectra. Procedurally, a highly sensitive Raman spectrometer (S/N>10,000) is used to scan and examine the diamond sample. The spectrometer is fitted with a tailor-made probe that has a large facula and surface area. Specially developed software is then used to perform an intensity correction and a background elimination to obtain a specific Raman spectral range (250-2800 cm−1) with the corrected intensity and a smooth baseline. Next, the Raman peak intensity of 2030 cm−1 (the post-correction and -standardization characteristic peak) is used as a basis to distinguish between natural diamond and synthetic CVD and HPHT diamonds. This method has the advantages of being non-destructive, simple, fast, and practical identification for diamonds.

## Background
RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application claims priority benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/065,617 filed 18 Oct. 2014, of which is hereby incorporated by reference.


BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a non-destructive examination method for distinguishing between natural diamond and synthetic CVD/HPHT diamonds is proposed, whereby a Raman characteristic peak is used to correct and standardize the signal intensity for the rapid detection of differentiation between natural diamond and synthetic CVD/HPHT diamonds.
2. Related Art
Due to technical improvements and reduce costs, there have been many high-quality synthetic diamonds on the market. Prices of synthetic and natural diamonds are highly unequal. The synthetic ones are available on the market at a price, which is about 40% less than natural diamond. There is still no scientific and effective method which can distinguish between natural and synthetic diamonds until now. How to effectively and correctly distinguish between natural and synthetic diamonds is an important technical method needs to be solved.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide quantitative data for the distinguishing between natural diamond and synthetic CVD and HPHT diamonds, the signal intensity of the characteristic peak of the Raman spectra (determined from the quantification of scientific data) is used as a rapid examination method for distinguishing between natural diamond and synthetic CVD and HPHT diamonds.
To achieve the above-mentioned object, the examination method for distinguishing between natural and synthetic CVD/HPHT diamonds, comprises: providing a Raman spectrometer having a laser beam of wavelength 785 nm and total laser energy of 450 mW for an average detection of diamond surfaces; three continuous scans being performed using a tailor-made probe having a large facula and surface area to obtain three spectra, from which an average Raman spectra is determined; defining a collection range of the spectrometer as 250-2800 cm−1; and after the collection of the Raman spectral data, the intensity being subjected to two operations: (a) correction and standardization, and (b) background elimination that result in a Raman spectrogram with a smooth baseline and an calibrated intensity; wherein a carbon Raman characteristic peak for diamonds occurs at 1332 cm−1, whereas natural diamonds have an extra nitrogen-derived Raman characteristic peak at 2030 cm−1.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a schematic chart illustrating Raman spectra of natural diamonds at peak 2030 cm−1;
FIG. 2 is a schematic chart illustrating Raman spectra of natural CVD or HPHT diamond at peak 2030 cm−1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic chart illustrating Raman spectra of CVD diamond at peak 2030 cm−1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic graphical zoom-in chart illustrating Raman spectra of CVD diamond at peak 986 cm−1; and
FIG. 5 is a schematic chart illustrating Raman spectra of HPHT diamond specimens overlaid zoom in.



DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
To provide quantitative data for the distinguishing between natural diamond and synthetic CVD and HPHT diamonds, the signal intensity of the characteristic peak of the Raman spectra (determined from the quantification of scientific data) is used as a rapid examination method for distinguishing between natural diamond and synthetic CVD and HPHT diamonds. The characteristic peak of the Raman spectra is used to correct and standardize the signal intensity for rapid examination. The procedures comprising the technique are detailed below.
Provides a Raman spectrometer having a laser beam of wavelength 785 nm and total laser energy of 450 mW for an average detection of diamond surfaces; three continuous scans being performed using a tailor-made probe having a large facula and surface area to obtain three spectra, from which an average Raman spectra is determined; defining a collection range of the spectrometer as 250-2800 cm−1; and after the collection of the Raman spectral data, the intensity being subjected to two operations: (a) correction and standardization, and (b) background elimination that result in a Raman spectrogram with a smooth baseline and an calibrated intensity; wherein a carbon Raman characteristic peak for diamonds occurs at 1332 cm−1, whereas natural diamonds have an extra nitrogen-derived Raman characteristic peak at 2030 cm−1 (as shown in FIG. 1).
This Raman characteristic peak is not appeared in synthetic CVD and HPHT diamonds. Under the proposed method, the Raman spectra of natural diamonds D1 and D2, synthetic CVD diamonds, and synthetic HPHT diamonds samples D3 are collected (FIG. 2). The Raman peak at 2030 cm−1 does not appear in the synthetic CVD and HPHT diamonds. Thus, it can be used as a basis to appraise whether the diamond is natural or synthetic one.
Generally the CVD type of synthetic diamonds do not contain nitrogen, thus as illustrated in FIG. 2, there are no trace of specific nitrogen-derived Raman peaks at 2030 cm−1 under close examination. In FIGS. 3 and 4 under graphical zoom-in, a Raman peak at 986 cm−1 can be observed, which is common across all CVD diamonds from the impurity (Si-derived) used in the manufacturing process. The trace of this impurity is so minute that this peak response is only observed under the most highly sensitive Raman analyzers as overtone spectrum.
Moreover, another Raman peak at 2612 cm−1 is specific to the HPHT diamonds (as shown in FIG. 5), which can lead into the hypothetical analysis that this is the result of diamond lattice displacement or distortion under high-pressure and high-temperature to give another peak response at Raman diamond second order.
However, the existence of the 2612 cm−1 Rama peak is confirmed for HPHT samples, and specifically for rapid identification of the HPHT diamonds by using a high performance Raman analyzer. From FIG. 5, the Raman response from four samples of HPHT diamonds 1, 2, 3 and 4 are overlaid to present the different intensity of 2612 cm−1 peak from different HPHT specimen.
The use of the Raman spectra in the proposed method has the following advantages: it is non-destructive, there is no requirement for pre-processing, it allows a rapid analysis, and it is based on scientific quantification. The main features of the proposed method are as follows:

    
    
        (a) After the correction and standardization, from this method, by using a highly sensitive Raman analyzer, two indicative results can be deduced to detect CVD diamonds:
        1. Raman peak at 986 cm−1—exists as overtone spectrum from impurity (Si-derived).
        2. Raman peak at 2030 cm−1—CVD diamond does NOT produce response at this wave number, as opposed to natural diamonds that contains nitrogen-derived.
        (b) After the correction and standardization, from this method, by using a highly sensitive Raman analyzer, two indicative results can be deduced to detect HPHT diamonds:
        1. Raman peak at 2612 cm−1—exists as the result of diamond lattice displacement or distortion under high-pressure and high-temperature to give another peak response at Raman diamond second order.
        2. Raman peak at 2030 cm−1—HPHT diamond does NOT produce response at this wave number, as opposed to natural diamonds that contains nitrogen-derived.
        (c) This method can be applied for both loose and inlaid diamonds and for diamonds of all sizes.
        (d) Specially developed software and standard samples are used to perform the correction and standardization, as well as the baseline processing. This reduces the slight differences in the intensities of the Raman peaks of the diamonds between analyses, thereby ensuring data consistency for each analysis.
    
    


It is understood that the invention may be embodied in other forms within the scope of the claims. Thus the present examples and embodiments are to be considered in all respects as illustrative, and not restrictive, of the invention defined by the claims.

## Claims

1. An examination method for distinguishing between natural and synthetic CVD/HPHT diamonds, comprising:
providing a Raman spectrometer having a laser beam of wavelength 785 nm and total laser energy of 450 mW for an average detection of diamond surfaces;
three continuous scans being performed using a tailor-made probe having a large facula and surface area to obtain three spectra, from which an average Raman spectra is determined;
defining a collection range of the spectrometer as 250-2800 cm−1; and
after the collection of the Raman spectral data, the intensity being subjected to two operations: (a) correction and standardization, and (b) background elimination that result in a Raman spectrogram with a smooth baseline and a calibrated intensity;
wherein a carbon Raman characteristic peak for diamonds occurs at 1332 cm−1, whereas natural diamonds have an extra nitrogen-derived Raman characteristic peak at 2030 cm−1.