Page 1 of 13

**Subpart K**

**— Ferroalloy Production**  § 98.110 Definition of the source category. The ferroalloy production source category consists of any facility that uses pyrometallurgical techniques to produce any of the following metals: ferrochromium, ferromanganese, ferromolybdenum, ferronickel, ferrosilicon, ferrotitanium, ferrotungsten, ferrovanadium, silicomanganese, or silicon metal. § 98.111 Reporting threshold. You must report GHG emissions under this subpart if your facility contains a ferroalloy production process and the facility meets the requirements of either §98.2(a)(1) or (2). § 98.112 GHGs to report. You must report: (a) Process CO 2 emission s from each electric arc furnace (EAF) used for the production of any ferroalloy listed in §98.110, and process CH 4 emissions from each EAF that is used for the production of any ferroalloy listed in Table K

– 1 to subpart K. (b) CO 2 , CH 4 , and N 2 O emissions from each stationary combustion unit following the requirements of subpart C of this part. You must report these emissions under subpart C of this part (General Stationary Fuel Combustion Sources). § 98.113 Calculating GHG emissions.Page 2 of 13

You must calculate and report the annual process CO 2
emission s from each EAF not subject to paragraph (c) of this section using the procedures in either paragraph (a) or (b) of this section. For each EAF also subject to annual process CH 4 emissions reporting, you must also calculate and report the annual proc ess CH 4 emissions from the EAF using the procedures in paragraph (d) of this section. (a) Calculate and report under this subpart the process CO 2 emission s by operating and maintaining CEMS according to the Tier 4 Calculation Methodology in §98.33(a)(4) an d all associated requirements for Tier 4 in subpart C of this part (General Stationary Fuel Combustion Sources). (b) Calculate and report under this subpart the annual process CO 2 emission s using the procedure in either paragraph (b)(1) or (b)(2) of this s ection. (1) Calculate and report under this subpart the annual process CO 2 emission s from EAFs by operating and maintaining a CEMS according to the Tier 4 Calculation Methodology specified in §98.33(a)(4) and the applicable requirements for Tier 4 in subpa rt C of this part (General Stationary Fuel Combustion Sources). (2) Calculate and report under this subpart the annual process CO 2 emission s from the EAFs using the carbon mass balancePage 3 of 13

procedure specified in paragraphs (b)(2)(i) and (b)(2)(ii) of this sect ion. (i) For each EAF, determine the annual mass of carbon in each carbon
- containing input and output material for the EAF and estimate annual process CO 2 emission s from the EAF using Equation K

– 1 of this section. Carbon
- containing input materials include carbon electrodes and carbonaceous reducing agents. If you document that a specific input or output material contributes less than 1 percent of the total carbon into or out of the process, you do not have to include the material in your calculation using E quation K

– 1 of this section.

Where:
E CO 2 = Annual process CO 2 emission s from an individual

EAF (metric tons). 44/12 = Ratio of molecular weights, CO 2 to carbon.Page 4 of 13

2000/2205 = Conversion factor to convert tons to metric

tons. Mreducing agent i = Annual mass of reducing agent i fed,

charged, or otherwise introduced into the EAF (tons). C reducing agent i = Carbon content in reducing agent i (percent

by weight, expressed as a decimal fraction). Melectrodem = Annual mass of carbon electrode m consumed in

the EAF (tons). C electrodem = Carbon content of the carbon electrode m

(percent by weight, expressed as a decimal fraction). Moreh = Annual mass of ore h charged to the EAF

(tons). C oreh = Carbon content in ore h (percent by weight,

expressed as a decimal fraction). Mfluxj = Annual mass of flux material j fed, charged,

or otherwise introduced into the EAF to facilitate slag formation (tons). C fluxj = Carbon content in flux material j (percent by

weight, expressed as a decimal fraction). Mproduct k = Annual mass of alloy product k tapped from EAF

(tons). Cproduct k = Carbon content in alloy product k . (percent by

weight, expressed as a decimal fraction). Mnon -product outgoing l = Annual mass of non
-product outgoing material l removed from EAF (tons). Cno n -product outgoingl = Carbon content in non
-product outgoing material l (percent by weight, expressed as a decimal fraction). (ii) Determine the combined annual process CO 2 emission s from the EAFs at your facility using Equation K

– 2 of this section.Page 5 of 13

Where:
CO 2 = Annual process CO 2 emission s from EAFs at

facility used for the production of any ferroalloy listed in §98.110 (metric tons). E CO 2 k = Annual process CO 2 emission s calculated from

EAF k calculated using Equation K

– 1 of this section (metric to ns). k = Total number of EAFs at facility used for the

production of any ferroalloy listed in §98.110. (c) If GHG emissions from an EAF are vented through the same stack as any combustion unit or process equipment that reports CO 2 emission s using a CEMS that complies with the Tier 4 Calculation Methodology in subpart C of this part (General Stationary Fuel Combustion Sources), then the calculation methodology in paragraph (b) of this section shall not be used to calculate process emissions. The owner or ope rator shall report under this subpart the combined stack emissions according to the Tier 4 Calculation Methodology in §98.33(a)(4) and all associated requirements for Tier 4 in subpart C of this part. (d) For the EAFs at your facility used for the producti on of any ferroalloy listed in Table K

– 1 of this subpart, you must calculate and report the annual CH 4 emissions using the procedure specified in paragraphs (d)(1) and (2) of this section. (1) For each EAF, determine the annual CH 4 emissions using Equation K

– 3 of this section.Page 6 of 13

Where:
E CH 4 = Annual process CH 4 emissions from an individual EAF (metric tons). Mproduct i = Annual mass of alloy product i produced in the EAF (tons). 2 /2205 = Conversion factor to convert kg CH 4 /ton of product to metric tons CH 4 . EFproduct i = CH 4 emission factor for alloy product i from Table K

– 1 in this subpart (kg of CH 4 emissions per metric ton of alloy product i ) . (2) Determine the combined process CH 4 emissions from the EAFs at your facility using Equation K

– 4 of this section:

Where:
CH 4 = Annual process CH 4 emissions from EAFs at facility

used for the production of ferroalloys listed in Table K

– 1 of this subpart (metric tons). E CH 4 j = Annual process CH 4 emissions from EAF j calculated

using Equation K

– 3 of thi s section (metric tons). j = Total number of EAFs at facility used for the

production of ferroalloys listed in Table K

– 1 of this subpart. § 98.114 Monitoring and QA/QC requirements. If you determine annual process CO 2 emission s using the carbon mass balance procedure in §98.113(b)(2), you must meet the requirements specified in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section.Page 7 of 13

(a) Determine the annual mass for each material used for the calculations of annual process CO 2 emission s using Equation K

– 1 of this subpart by summing the monthly mass for the material determined for each month of the calendar year. The monthly mass may be determined using plant instruments used for accounting purposes, including either direct measurement of the quantity of the material p laced in the unit or by calculations using process operating information. (b) For each material identified in paragraph (a) of this section, you must determine the average carbon content of the material consumed, used, or produced in the calendar year usin g the methods specified in either paragraph (b)(1) or (b)(2) of this section. If you document that a specific process input or output contributes less than one percent of the total mass of carbon into or out of the process, you do not have to determine the monthly mass or annual carbon content of that input or output. (1) Information provided by your material supplier. (2) Collecting and analyzing at least three representative samples of the material inputs and outputs each year. The carbon content of the material must be analyzed at least annually using the standard methods (and their QA/QC procedures) specified in paragraphs (b)(2)(i) through (b)(2)(iii) of this section, as applicable.Page 8 of 13

(i) ASTM E1941

– 04, Standard Test Method for Determination of Carbon in Refractory and Reactive Metals and Their Alloys (incorporated by reference, see §98.7) for analysis of metal ore and alloy product. (ii) ASTM D5373

– 08 Standard Test Methods for Instrumental Determination of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen in Laboratory Samples of Coal (incorporated by reference, see §98.7), for analysis of carbonaceous reducing agents and carbon electrodes. (iii) ASTM C 25

– 06, Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Limestone, Quicklime, and Hydrated Lime (incorporated by reference, see §98.7) for analysis of flux materials such as limestone or dolomite. § 98.115 Procedures for estimating missing data. A complete r ecord of all measured parameters used in the GHG emissions calculations in §98.113 is required. Therefore, whenever a quality
- assured value of a required parameter is unavailable, a substitute data value for the missing parameter shall be used in the calcu lations as specified in the paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section. You must document and keep records of the procedures used for all such estimates. (a) If you determine CO 2 emission s for the EAFs at your facility using the carbon mass balance procedure i n §98.113(b), 100 percent data availability is required for the carbon content of the input and output materials. You must repeat the test forPage 9 of 1 3

average carbon contents of inputs according to the procedures in §98.114(b) if data are missing. (b) For missing records of the monthly mass of carbon
containing inputs and outputs, the substitute data value must be based on the best available estimate of the mass of the inputs and outputs from on all available process data or data used for accounting purposes, such as purchase records. (c) If you are required to calculate CH 4 emissions for an EAF at your facility as specified in §98.113(d), the estimate is based an annual quantity of certain alloy products, so 100 percent data availability is required. § 98.116 Data reporting requirements. In addition to the information required by §98.3(c), each annual report must contain the information specified in paragraphs (a) through (e) of this section, as applicable: (a) Annual facility ferroalloy product production capacity (tons). (b) Annual production for each ferroalloy product identified in §98.110, from each EAF (tons). (c) Total number of EAFs at facility used for production of ferroalloy products. (d) If a CEMS is used to measure CO 2 emission s, then you must report under this subpart the relevant information required by §98.36 for the Tier 4 Calculation Methodology and thePage 10 of 13

following information specified in paragraphs (d)(1) through (d)(3) of this section. (1) Annual process CO 2 emission s (in metric tons) from each EAF used for the production of any ferroalloy product identified in §98.110. (2) Annual process CH 4 emissions (in metric tons) from each EAF used for the production of any ferroalloy listed in Table K

– 1 of this subpart (metric tons). (3) Identification number of each EAF. (e) If a CEMS is not used to measure CO 2 process emissions, and the carbon mass balance procedure is used to determine CO 2 emission s according to the requirements in §98.113(b), then you must report the following information specified in parag raphs (e)(1) through (e)(7) of this section. (1) Annual process CO 2 emission s (in metric tons) from each EAF used for the production of any ferroalloy identified in §98.110 (metric tons). (2) Annual process CH 4 emissions (in metric tons) from each EAF used for the production of any ferroalloy listed in Table K

– 1 of this subpart. (3) Identification number for each material. (4) Annual material quantity for each material included for the calculation of annual process CO 2 emission s for each EAF.Page 11 of 13

(5) Annual ave rage of the carbon content determinations for each material included for the calculation of annual process CO 2 emission s for each EAF (percent by weight, expressed as a decimal fraction). (6) List the method used for the determination of carbon content for each material reported in paragraph (e)(5) of this section ( e.g. , supplier provided information, analyses of representative samples you collected). (7) If you use the missing data procedures in §98.115(b), you must report how monthly mass of carbon
- contai ning inputs and outputs with missing data was determined and the number of months the missing data procedures were used. § 98.117 Records that must be retained. In addition to the records required by §98.3(g), you must retain the records specified in parag raphs (a) through (d) of this section for each EAF, as applicable. (a) If a CEMS is used to measure CO 2 emission s according to the requirements in §98.113(a), then you must retain under this subpart the records required for the Tier 4 Calculation Methodolo gy in §98.37 and the information specified in paragraphs (a)(1) through (a)(3) of this section. (1) Monthly EAF production quantity for each ferroalloy product (tons). (2) Number of EAF operating hours each month.Page 12 of 13

(3) Number of EAF operating hours in a calendar year. (b) If the carbon mass balance procedure is used to determine CO 2 emission s according to the requirements in §98.113(b)(2), then you must retain records for the information specified in paragraphs (b)(1) through (b)(5) of this section. (1) Monthly EAF production quantity for each ferroalloy product (tons). (2) Number of EAF operating hours each month. (3) Number of EAF operating hours in a calendar year. (4) Monthly material quantity consumed, used, or produced for each material included for the calculations of annual process CO 2 emission s (tons). (5) Average carbon content determined and records of the supplier provided information or analyses used for the determination for each material included for the calculations of annual process CO 2 emi ssion s. (c) You must keep records that include a detailed explanation of how company records of measurements are used to estimate the carbon input and output to each EAF, including documentation of specific input or output materials excluded from Equation K

– 1 of this subpart that contribute less than 1 percent of the total carbon into or out of the process. You also must document the procedures used to ensure the accuracy of the measurements of materials fed, charged, or placed in an EAFPage 13 of 13

including, but not limited to, calibration of weighing equipment and other measurement devices. The estimated accuracy of measurements made with these devices must also be recorded, and the technical basis for these estimates must be provided. (d) If you are required to calculate CH 4 emissions for the EAF as specified in §98.113(d), you must maintain records of the total amount of each alloy product produced for the specified reporting period, and the appropriate alloy
-product specific emission factor used to calculate the CH 4 emissions. § 98.118 Definitions. All terms used of this subpart have the same meaning given in the Clean Air Act and subpart A of this part. **Table K –**  **1 to Subpart K of Part 98 —**  **Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) CH** **4 Emission Factors** 

**Alloy product produced**

**in EAF** CH 4 **emission factor (kg**  CH 4 **per metric ton product)**

**EAF Operation**
**Batch****** **charging Sprinkle**  ****

**charging a**  **Sprinkle**  

** charging and** **>750 °C b**  Silicon metal 1.5 1.2 0.7 Ferrosilicon 90% 1.4 1.1 0.6 Ferrosilicon 75% 1.3 1.0 0.5 Ferrosilicon 65% 1.3 1.0 0.5

a Sprinkle
- charging is charging intermittently every minute.

bTemperature measured in off
- gas channel downstream of the furnace hood .