In the

Court of Appeals

Second Appellate District of Texas

at Fort Worth

___________________________

No. 02-20-00115-CV

___________________________

On Appeal from County Court at Law No. 1

Tarrant County, Texas

Trial Court No. 2018-009345-1

Before Birdwell, Bassel, and Walker, JJ.

Memorandum Opinion by Justice Walker

WILBERT CLEWIS, Appellant

V.

VALENCIA APARTMENTS D/B/A MEDERA RESIDENTIAL, Appellee
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MEMORANDUM OPINION

Pro se appellant Wilbert Clewis lost his justice court case against appellee 

Valencia Apartments d/b/a Medera Residential and appealed de novo to the county 

court at law, which dismissed his claims for want of jurisdiction. We affirm.

Subject-matter jurisdiction is essential to a court’s authority to decide a case. 

Meyers v. JDC/Firethorne, Ltd., 548 S.W.3d 477, 484 (Tex. 2018). Standing is a 

component of subject-matter jurisdiction. Id. It may be raised for the first time on

appeal, and a court may—and if in doubt, must—raise standing on its own at any 

time. Id. Standing cannot be waived, and it requires a plaintiff to plead facts 

demonstrating that he—and not a third party—has suffered a concrete injury, that 

there is a causal connection between the injury and the defendant’s conduct, and that

there is a real controversy between the parties that will be resolved by the court. Id. at 

484–85. Standing is a constitutional prerequisite to maintaining suit. Tex. Dep’t of 

Transp. v. Sunset Valley, 146 S.W.3d 637, 646 (Tex. 2004). Without standing, a case 

must be dismissed for want of jurisdiction. See, e.g., Ellis v. Wildcat Creek Wind Farm 

LLC, No. 02-20-00050-CV, 2021 WL 1134416, at *1, *3, *8 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 

Mar. 25, 2021, no pet.) (mem. op.) (vacating trial court’s judgment when appellants 

failed to demonstrate standing and dismissing the case for want of jurisdiction without 

reaching arguments on the merits).

The record before us here reflects that in June 2015, John Coleman, Lena 

Wiggins, and Harold Wiggins (collectively, the Residents) signed a lease for apartment 
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number 1322 in a complex owned by Medera. The Residents paid a security deposit 

of $429.50, and the lease they signed stated, “Security-deposit refund check and any 

deduction itemizations will be by . . . one check jointly payable to all [R]esidents and 

mailed to any one [R]esident [Medera] choose[s]” and that the Residents would be 

mailed the security-deposit refund, less lawful deductions and an itemized accounting 

of any deductions, no later than 30 days after surrender or abandonment of the 

apartment unless otherwise provided by law.

On July 29, 2016, Medera sent Coleman a letter stating that its records 

indicated that he had vacated the apartment on July 9, 2016, and that Medera was 

refunding $95.29 of his $429.50 security deposit. Medera’s letter reflected the 

following items had been deducted from that deposit: $41.14 for rent, $20.42 for 

water, $28.16 for wastewater, $1.50 for trash, and $242.99 for damages.1

1Under the Property Code, if the landlord retains all or part of a security 

deposit, the landlord shall give to the tenant the balance of the security deposit, if any,

“together with a written description and itemized list of all deductions.” Tex. Prop. 

Code Ann. § 92.104(c). However, the landlord is not required to give the tenant a 

description and itemized list of deductions if the tenant owes rent when he surrenders 

possession of the premises and there is no controversy concerning the amount of rent 

owed. Id.
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Clewis, who is not an attorney,2sued Medera twice in the justice court,

3 both 

times seeking recovery of funds withheld from the Residents’ security deposit.

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Nothing in the record before us shows that Clewis had standing to bring a claim for 

the return of a security deposit belonging to third parties. Cf. Meyers, 548 S.W.3d 

at 484–85.

The trial court dismissed Clewis’s claims against Medera for lack of jurisdiction.

Although the order purports to grant Medera’s plea to the jurisdiction, in which 

Medera argued that Clewis’s appeal from the justice court to the county court at law 

was untimely, the record reflects that Medera’s plea to the jurisdiction should not have 

2See, e.g., Clewis v. Safeco Ins. Co. of Am., No. 2-08-184-CV, 2009 WL 2414377, at 

*3 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth Aug. 6, 2009, no pet.) (mem. op. on reh’g) (“Because 

Wilbert [Clewis] is not an attorney, he may not represent [his wife] Rose Mary on 

appeal.”).

3Clewis did not appeal from the first justice court judgment, which was signed 

on September 25, 2017. 

4According to other documents contained in the record, the Residents are 

Clewis’s siblings. But while a non-attorney pro se party may represent himself, he

generally may not represent another party. See Tex. R. Civ. P. 7 (stating that “[a]ny 

party to a suit may appear and prosecute or defend his rights therein, either in person 

or by an attorney of the court” (emphasis added)); Tex. R. Civ. P. 500.4(a) (stating 

that an individual in justice court may represent himself, may be represented by an 

authorized agent in an eviction case, or may be represented by an attorney); Kunstoplast 

of Am., Inc. v. Formosa Plastics Corp., USA, 937 S.W.2d 455, 456 (Tex. 1996) (stating that 

an individual must appear in person or by an attorney); Paselk v. Rabun, 293 S.W.3d 

600, 606 (Tex. App.—Texarkana 2009, pet. denied) (“Although a layperson has the 

right to represent [him]sel[f], a layperson does not have the right to represent 

others.”).
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been granted because Clewis timely filed his appeal de novo.

5

 However, the record

also shows that the trial court did not err by dismissing Clewis’s claims for lack of 

jurisdiction because Clewis lacked standing to bring them.

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Accordingly, the trial court did not err by dismissing Clewis’s claims. Without 

reaching the merits of the parties’ arguments, we delete the inaccurate portions of the 

trial court’s judgment referring to Medera’s plea to the jurisdiction and affirm the 

dismissal judgment as modified. See Tex. R. App. P. 43.2(b).

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In its plea to the jurisdiction, Medera based its argument on the day Clewis’s 

notice of appeal was file-marked by the justice court, not on the day it was mailed. Cf.

Tex. R. Civ. P. 500.5(b) (justice-court mailbox rule). Clewis pointed this out in his 

response to the plea and attached the certified mail receipt showing that he had placed

his notice of appeal in the mail by the due date. See id. After a hearing on Medera’s 

plea to the jurisdiction, at which Medera’s counsel acknowledged that Clewis “ha[d] 

properly perfected the appeal,” the case proceeded, and Medera moved for summary 

judgment.

6After Medera prevailed in the justice court, Clewis filed an appeal de novo in 

the county court at law and then attempted to amend his pleadings to include a claim 

for breach of lease and breach of a “Conciliation Agreement.” But parties on appeal 

from the justice court may amend their pleadings in the county court at law only if the 

amended pleadings do not set up a new cause of action or exceed the justice court’s 

jurisdictional limits, the amount of which Clewis did not address in his amended 

pleading. See Tex. R. Civ. P. 506.3; Crumpton v. Stevens, 936 S.W.2d 473, 476 (Tex.

App.—Fort Worth 1996, no writ); Humble Oil & Ref. Co. v. Sw. Bell Tel. Co., 2 S.W.2d 

488, 489 (Tex. App.—Waco 1927, no writ). To the extent Clewis could amend his 

pleadings to include these new claims, the record reflects that he was not a party to 

the Residents’ lease, and his amended petition contained no factual allegations to 

support his standing as to the conciliation agreement or that Medera was a party to 

that agreement and breached it. To the contrary, in his motion for new trial in the 

justice court, Clewis complains that the conciliation agreement that he claims the 

justice court judge admitted into evidence—but which is not contained in the record 

before us—“was not even signed by [Medera’s] authorized [r]epresentative.”
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/s/ Brian Walker

Brian Walker

Justice

Delivered: August 19, 2021