II 

112TH CONGRESS 

2D SESSION S. 3356 

To strengthen the role of the United States in the international community 

of nations in conserving natural resources to further global prosperity 

and security. 

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES 

JUNE 28, 2012 

Mr. PORTMAN (for himself, Mr. UDALL of New Mexico, Mr. WHITEHOUSE, 

and Ms. SNOWE) introduced the following bill; which was read twice and 

referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations 

A BILL 

To strengthen the role of the United States in the international community of nations in conserving natural resources to further global prosperity and security. 

1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 

3 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 

4 This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Global Conservation 

5 Act of 2012’’. 

6 SEC. 2. FINDINGS. 

7 Congress makes the following findings: 

8 (1) Sound natural resource management and 

9 healthy levels of biological diversity are vital to alleVerDate Mar 15 2010 01:39 Jul 04, 2012 Jkt 019200 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S3356.IS S3356

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1 viating poverty in developing countries that depend 

2 on these resources for food, medicine, housing mate3 rial, trade, recreation, and other activities that ben4 efit from the intrinsic value of wildlife and its habi5 tat. 

6 (2) The United States is uniquely positioned to 

7 partner with the international community to con8 front natural resources challenges in developing 

9 countries. 

10 (3) The United States needs a strategy for 

11 working jointly with other countries to address re12 newable natural resource depletion trends around 

13 the world and the threats such trends pose to the 

14 economy, health, and security of the United States. 

15 SEC. 3. DEFINITIONS. 

16 In this Act: 

17 (1) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMIT18 TEES.—The term ‘‘appropriate congressional com19 mittees’’ means— 

20 (A) the Committee on Foreign Relations 

21 and the Committee on Appropriations of the 

22 Senate; and 

23 (B) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and 

24 the Committee on Appropriations of the House 

25 of Representatives. 


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1 (2) DEVELOPING COUNTRY.—The term ‘‘devel2 oping country’’ means a country or area that is on 

3 the List of Official Development Assistance Recipi4 ents of the Development Assistance Committee of 

5 the Organization for Economic Cooperation and De6 velopment. 

7 (3) HOTSPOT REGIONS.—The term ‘‘hotspot re8 gions’’ means regions of the developing world that 

9 contain an unusually high concentration of species 

10 found nowhere else and that have lost at least 70 

11 percent of their original extent. 

12 (4) NATURAL RESOURCES OR RENEWABLE NAT13 URAL RESOURCES.—The terms ‘‘natural resources’’ 

14 and ‘‘renewable natural resources’’ mean natural re15 sources, including soils, forests, animal and plant 

16 populations and products, coral reefs, and water, but 

17 do not include nonrenewable natural resources such 

18 as minerals, oil, and other fossil fuels. 

19 SEC. 4. PURPOSE. 

20 The purpose of this Act is to strengthen the capacity 

21 of the United States to further economic development and 

22 improve stability and security both domestically and 

23 abroad by establishing a comprehensive strategy for— 

24 (1) enhancing and expanding partnerships 

25 throughout the international community to address 


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1 natural resource challenges to ensure healthy and 

2 sustainable supplies of water, wildlife habitat and 

3 populations, fish stocks and habitat, forests, plants, 

4 and other critical resources; 

5 (2) integrating international conservation 

6 projects and activities to advance United States for7 eign policy priorities in areas such as security, de8 mocratization, sustainable food production, and 

9 clean water; 

10 (3) expanding and enhancing the economic and 

11 wildlife conservation benefits that derive from prop12 erly managed international hunting and angling 

13 tourism; 

14 (4) addressing poaching, illegal logging, fishing 

15 and wildlife trafficking; and 

16 (5) establishing more efficient and effective 

17 policies and processes for departments and agencies 

18 engaged in, or providing support to, international 

19 conservation by— 

20 (A) identifying clear goals, priorities, and 

21 benchmarks of success; 

22 (B) improving coordination among such 

23 agencies in order to clarify roles, reduce dupli24 cation, and enhance effectiveness; 


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1 (C) improving agency processes to ensure 

2 conservation programs are administered effec3 tively, efficiently, and with minimal expendi4 tures for program administration; 

5 (D) identifying conservation programs and 

6 policies currently being utilized abroad and 

7 evaluating the potential for similar approaches 

8 to be adopted by the United States to further 

9 the purposes of this Act; and 

10 (E) encouraging participation by the 

11 United States in various multilateral efforts to 

12 leverage financial commitments to conserve nat13 ural resources. 

14 TITLE I—ASSESSING EXISTING 

15 POLICIES AND PROGRAMS 

16 SEC. 101. NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES STUDY AND 

17 GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY OFFICE 

18 AUDIT AND REPORT. 

19 (a) STUDY REQUIRED.—Not later than 90 days after 

20 the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of 

21 State and the heads of other relevant Federal agencies 

22 shall enter into an arrangement with the National Acad23 emy of Sciences to conduct a study of existing United 

24 States international conservation programs to determine 


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1 the extent to which such programs are achieving the fol2 lowing objectives: 

3 (1) Advancing conservation in the world’s most 

4 ecologically and economically important terrestrial 

5 and marine ecosystems and protecting distinct 

6 hotspot regions that provide a high level of economic 

7 benefit to human communities as well as a high con8 centration of genetic and other natural resources. 

9 (2) Enhancing and expanding partnerships 

10 throughout the international community to address 

11 natural resource challenges to ensure healthy and 

12 sustainable supplies of water, wildlife habitat and 

13 populations, fish stocks and habitat, forests, plants, 

14 and other critical resources. 

15 (3) Integrating international conservation 

16 projects and activities to advance United States for17 eign policy priorities in areas such as security, de18 mocratization, sustainable food production, and 

19 clean water. 

20 (4) Expanding and enhancing the economic and 

21 wildlife conservation benefits that derive from prop22 erly managed international hunting and angling 

23 tourism. 

24 (5) Addressing poaching, illegal logging, fishing, 

25 and wildlife trafficking. 


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1 (b) REPORT REQUIRED.—Not later than 2 years 

2 after the date of the enactment of this Act, the National 

3 Academy of Sciences shall submit to the appropriate con4 gressional committees a report containing the findings of 

5 the study conducted pursuant to subsection (a). 

6 (c) GAO REPORT.—Not later than 2 years after the 

7 date of the enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General 

8 of the United States shall issue a report that includes— 

9 (1) a detailed description of key federally spon10 sored multilateral international conservation pro11 grams, including— 

12 (A) the agencies associated with each pro13 gram; 

14 (B) the primary goals of each program; 

15 (C) the extent to which executive branch 

16 agencies have established measures of perform17 ance and effectiveness for each program; and 

18 (D) the funds made available to each pro19 gram in the previous fiscal year; 

20 (2) an assessment on how well executive branch 

21 agencies are collaborating and coordinating on inter22 national conservation efforts; 

23 (3) an assessment on the extent to which execu24 tive branch agencies have established strategic goals 

25 and performance measures; 


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1 (4) an assessment of agency processes to ensure 

2 conservation programs are administered effectively, 

3 efficiently, and with minimal expenditures for pro4 gram administration; 

5 (5) identification of conservation programs and 

6 policies currently being utilized abroad and evalua7 tion of the potential for similar approaches to be 

8 adopted by the United States to further the pur9 poses of this Act; 

10 (6) any recommendations that the Comptroller 

11 General considers appropriate and useful to improve 

12 collaboration and coordination between executive 

13 branch agencies on international conservation ef14 forts; and 

15 (7) any other analyses the Comptroller General 

16 considers necessary or appropriate. 

17 TITLE II—POLICY PLANNING 

18 AND IMPLEMENTATION 

19 SEC. 201. COMPREHENSIVE UNITED STATES INTER20 NATIONAL CONSERVATION STRATEGY. 

21 (a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 2 years after the 

22 date of the enactment of this Act, the President, acting 

23 through the Interagency Working Group on Global Con24 servation designated pursuant to section 202(a), shall es25 tablish and submit to the appropriate congressional comVerDate Mar 15 2010 01:39 Jul 04, 2012 Jkt 019200 PO 00000 Frm 00008 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S3356.IS S3356

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1 mittees a comprehensive strategy (hereafter referred to as 

2 the ‘‘International Conservation Strategy’’) to strengthen 

3 the capacity of the United States to collaborate with other 

4 countries, international organizations, the private sector, 

5 and private voluntary organizations on a sustained inter6 national effort to conserve natural resources and enhance 

7 biodiversity in a manner beneficial to the economic well8 being and security of the United States and other partici9 pating countries. 

10 (b) GOALS AND BENCHMARKS.—The International 

11 Conservation Strategy established pursuant to subsection 

12 (a) shall provide a comprehensive plan of action that iden13 tifies specific and measurable goals, benchmarks, and time 

14 frames for— 

15 (1) advancing conservation in the world’s most 

16 ecologically and economically important terrestrial 

17 and marine ecosystems; 

18 (2) protecting distinct hotspot regions that pro19 vide a high level of economic benefit to human com20 munities as well as a high concentration of genetic 

21 and other natural resources; 

22 (3) helping developing countries address illegal, 

23 unreported, and unregulated industrial fishing where 

24 economies are negatively impacted by depleted fish 

25 stocks; 


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1 (4) safeguarding natural areas that provide 

2 fresh water to developing countries; 

3 (5) protecting forests and advancing enforce4 ment efforts against illegal logging in centers of the 

5 illegal logging trade; 

6 (6) advancing enforcement efforts against 

7 poaching and unlawful wildlife trafficking oper8 ations; 

9 (7) facilitating and leveraging the economic and 

10 conservation benefits that derive from properly man11 aged international hunting, angling, and wildlife ob12 servation tourism; 

13 (8) stabilizing or reversing renewable natural 

14 resource scarcity and degradation trends in regions 

15 that are vulnerable to conflict, instability, or mass 

16 migration from natural resource depletion; 

17 (9) expanding substantially the amount of eco18 nomically and ecologically significant forest in devel19 oping countries; and 

20 (10) reducing the rate of erosion and 

21 desertification in developing countries where soil loss 

22 is resulting in severe impacts to the economy, food 

23 security, or stability. 

24 (c) COORDINATION AND LEVERAGE.—The Inter25 national Conservation Strategy shall coordinate and leverVerDate Mar 15 2010 01:39 Jul 04, 2012 Jkt 019200 PO 00000 Frm 00010 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S3356.IS S3356

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1 age the participation of relevant executive branch agen2 cies, other countries, the private sector, and private vol3 untary organizations in ways that— 

4 (1) reflect Government-wide policy that encom5 passes the programs of, and reduces duplication 

6 among, executive branch agencies that influence, en7 gage in, or support international conservation; 

8 (2) provide a plan to identify and improve 

9 United States policies that could be undermining the 

10 conservation of critical natural resources and bio11 diversity abroad; and 

12 (3) seek to encourage and leverage participation 

13 from governments of developing countries and other 

14 governments, the private sector, private voluntary 

15 organizations, and international organizations to im16 plement the Strategy. 

17 (d) ASSESSING AND IMPROVING EFFECTIVENESS.— 

18 The International Conservation Strategy shall include a 

19 description of the performance and efficiency measures de20 veloped pursuant to section 202(a)(2)(C) and a process 

21 for their utilization. 

22 (e) COUNTRY OWNERSHIP.—In preparing the Inter23 national Conservation Strategy, the Interagency Working 

24 Group on Global Conservation shall ensure that the Strat25 egy is appropriate to local needs and conditions and incorVerDate Mar 15 2010 01:39 Jul 04, 2012 Jkt 019200 PO 00000 Frm 00011 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S3356.IS S3356

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1 porates the views of partner countries, and describes a 

2 means for local citizens to participate in the implementa3 tion and the setting of priorities of such programs in the 

4 field. The International Conservation Strategy should 

5 build upon partner country development plans and re6 gional strategies. 

7 (f) REVISION.—Not later than 4 years after the 

8 International Conservation Strategy is established, and 

9 every 4 years thereafter, the Strategy shall be revised to 

10 reflect— 

11 (1) new information collected pursuant to the 

12 implementation of the Strategy; and 

13 (2) advances in the understanding of biological 

14 diversity and the economic and security impacts of 

15 renewable natural resource degradation. 

16 SEC. 202. POLICY IMPLEMENTATION. 

17 (a) INTERAGENCY WORKING GROUP ON GLOBAL

18 CONSERVATION.— 

19 (1) ESTABLISHMENT.—Not later than 1 year 

20 after the date of the enactment of this Act, the 

21 President shall establish the Interagency Working 

22 Group on Global Conservation (hereafter referred to 

23 as the ‘‘working group’’), which shall include the 

24 participation of the executive branch agencies that 

25 affect, oversee, or implement programs that conduct 


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1 or support international conservation activities or af2 fect the ability of the United States to achieve the 

3 goals of the International Conservation Strategy. 

4 (2) DUTIES.—The working group shall— 

5 (A) develop, through utilization of the re6 port completed pursuant to section 101(b) and 

7 appropriate public and agency input, the Inter8 national Conservation Strategy established pur9 suant to section 201(a); 

10 (B) identify measures to enhance program 

11 and policy coordination among the relevant ex12 ecutive branch agencies in implementing the 

13 Strategy by ensuring that each relevant execu14 tive branch agency undertakes programs pri15 marily in those areas where each such agency 

16 has the greatest expertise, technical capabilities, 

17 and potential for success, and ensuring that 

18 agencies avoid duplication of effort; 

19 (C) work with the Office of Management 

20 and Budget to evaluate the effectiveness of the 

21 international conservation programs of the rel22 evant executive branch agencies in meeting the 

23 goals of the Strategy by developing and apply24 ing specific performance measurements, includ25 ing assessments of— 


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1 (i) program effectiveness; 

2 (ii) program efficiency and cost-effec3 tiveness; 

4 (iii) program accessibility and trans5 parency; and 

6 (iv) agency overhead or project admin7 istration costs for programs operating in 

8 the field; 

9 (D) submit to the heads of the United 

10 States Government departments and agencies 

11 represented on the working group pro12 grammatic recommendations that are consistent 

13 with the priorities of the Strategy and policy 

14 recommendations to ensure that the polices of 

15 such departments and agencies advance the in16 terests of the United States in conserving crit17 ical global natural resources and biodiversity; 

18 (E) submit to such heads recommendations 

19 for facilitating coordination and continuity 

20 across the departments and agencies in the im21 plementation of global conservation policies sub22 ject to interagency or multi-agency jurisdiction; 

23 (F) identify innovative conservation 

24 projects, policies, and initiatives that contribute 


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1 to achieving multiple foreign policy goals simul2 taneously, including— 

3 (i) reducing poverty; 

4 (ii) expanding access to food and 

5 water; 

6 (iii) addressing health threats through 

7 natural resources conservation; 

8 (iv) expanding the access of women to 

9 sustainably managed natural resources and 

10 to techniques for improved natural re11 source management; 

12 (v) addressing poaching, unlawful 

13 fishing, and illegal logging; 

14 (vi) reducing natural resource scar15 cities or degradation that could increase 

16 inter- and intra-state tensions; and 

17 (vii) conserving biological diversity; 

18 (G) identify measures to address obstacles 

19 to achieving the goals of the Strategy, including 

20 policies that might limit the conservation bene21 fits from properly managed international hunt22 ing and angling tourism; 

23 (H) develop recommendations for expand24 ing the role of the private sector in United 

25 States international conservation programs by 


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1 expanding and leveraging private sector con2 tributions; 

3 (I) identify measures that further the goals 

4 of the Strategy, including regulatory actions 

5 that facilitate the importation process for wild6 life species with a legitimate scientific purpose 

7 or to directly or indirectly benefit the recovery 

8 of the species or its habitat through the support 

9 of conservation programs in foreign countries; 

10 (J) recommend diplomatic mechanisms, 

11 relevant international institutions and agree12 ments, and other appropriate mechanisms to 

13 engage other countries to work jointly with the 

14 United States to achieve the goals and actions 

15 of the International Conservation Strategy; 

16 (K) identify successful conservation pro17 grams and policies currently being utilized 

18 abroad and evaluate the potential for similar 

19 approaches to be adopted or expanded by the 

20 United States to further the goals of the Strat21 egy; 

22 (L) identify underperforming and unsuc23 cessful projects and programs and make rec24 ommendations to improve performance and ter25 minate programs and projects in a manner conVerDate Mar 15 2010 01:39 Jul 04, 2012 Jkt 019200 PO 00000 Frm 00016 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S3356.IS S3356

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1 sistent with furthering the goals of the Strat2 egy; 

3 (M) identify natural resource conservation 

4 needs not currently being met by existing poli5 cies and programs and make recommendations 

6 for addressing such needs; 

7 (N) recommend mechanisms to facilitate 

8 mutually beneficial international conservation 

9 partnerships between such departments and 

10 agencies, nongovernmental organizations, and 

11 the private sector; and 

12 (O) meet regularly to review progress on 

13 the objectives described in subparagraphs (A) 

14 through (N). 

15 (3) WORKING GROUP LEADERSHIP.—The Presi16 dent shall designate an individual in the executive 

17 branch to serve as the chair of the working group 

18 (hereafter referred to as the ‘‘chair’’), the duties of 

19 whom shall include— 

20 (A) convening and leading meetings of the 

21 working group; 

22 (B) taking steps to ensure the development 

23 and implementation of the International Con24 servation Strategy; 


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1 (C) ensuring the goals and purposes of the 

2 working group are met in accordance with para3 graph (2); and 

4 (D) ensuring public input into the develop5 ment and implementation of the International 

6 Conservation Strategy by convening the Global 

7 Conservation Public Advisory Board established 

8 under subsection (b). 

9 (b) GLOBAL CONSERVATION PUBLIC ADVISORY

10 BOARD.— 

11 (1) ESTABLISHMENT.—There is hereby estab12 lished a Global Conservation Public Advisory Board 

13 (hereafter referred to as the ‘‘Advisory Board’’), 

14 whose purpose shall be to advise the working group 

15 on matters related to the international conservation 

16 policies and programs of the United States and the 

17 development and implementation of the Inter18 national Conservation Strategy, and to ensure that 

19 the best scientific, policy, economic security, and 

20 business expertise are reflected in the international 

21 conservation strategies and policies of the United 

22 States. 

23 (2) DUTIES.—It shall be the duty of the Advi24 sory Board to advise the working group on matters 

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1 section (a)(2), including on matters submitted to it 

2 for consideration by the working group, as well as 

3 matters identified by the Advisory Board. 

4 (c) MEMBERSHIP.—The Advisory Board shall be 

5 comprised of not more than 15 persons appointed from 

6 among citizens of the United States who support sustain7 able-use conservation, and shall have outstanding exper8 tise in one or more of the following fields: 

9 (1) International conservation. 

10 (2) International diplomacy. 

11 (3) International business. 

12 (4) Economic development and poverty allevi13 ation. 

14 (5) Food security and water access. 

15 (6) Natural resource scarcity and degradation 

16 and related conflict and security issues. 

17 (7) The economic and conservation benefits of 

18 international hunting and angling tourism. 

19 (8) International laws concerning illegal wildlife 

20 trafficking and illegal fishing. 

21 (9) Wildlife biology and zoology. 

22 (d) APPOINTMENT.—Members of the Advisory Board 

23 shall be appointed by the President with the advice of the 

24 Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on For25 eign Relations of the Senate and the Chairman and RankVerDate Mar 15 2010 01:39 Jul 04, 2012 Jkt 019200 PO 00000 Frm 00019 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S3356.IS S3356

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1 ing Member of the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the 

2 House of Representatives, on a staggered basis for a term 

3 not to exceed 4 years, except that with respect to the initial members of the Advisory Board, 1 4 ⁄3 shall be appointed 

for a term of 2 years, 1 5 ⁄3 shall be appointed for a term 

of 3 years, and 1 6 ⁄3 shall be appointed for a term of 4 years. 

7 (e) CHAIRMAN.—A member of the Advisory Board 

8 shall be elected by a vote of the majority of the Board 

9 to serve as Chairman for a 2-year term. 

10 (f) MEETINGS.—The Advisory Board shall convene at 

11 the call of the Chairman to consider a specific agenda of 

12 issues, as determined by the Chairman in consultation 

13 with the working group and other members of the Advi14 sory Board. 

15 (g) REPORTING.—The Advisory Board shall report to 

16 the working group chair designated in accordance with 

17 subsection (a)(3) on its deliberations, conclusions, and rec18 ommendations. 

19 (h) APPLICABILITY OF FEDERAL ADVISORY COM20 MITTEE ACT.—The Advisory Board shall be exempt from 

21 the provisions of the Federal Advisory Committee Act (5 

22 U.S.C. App.). 

23 SEC. 203. REPORTING. 

24 (a) GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY OFFICE RE25 PORT.—Not later than 4 years after the International 


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1 Conservation Strategy is established under section 201, 

2 the Comptroller General of the United States shall con3 duct an audit to consider the progress made to achieve 

4 the objectives, goals, and benchmarks described in section 

5 201(b), and submit to the appropriate congressional com6 mittees a report on the development and implementation 

7 of the International Conservation Strategy. The report 

8 shall— 

9 (1) assess progress made in accomplishing the 

10 goals and benchmarks described in section 201(b); 

11 (2) assess the extent to which the executive 

12 branch agencies have identified conservation pro13 grams and projects that have the potential for rep14 lication or adaptation, particularly at low cost, in 

15 other United States international conservation ef16 forts; 

17 (3) assess the extent to which agencies have in18 creased the efficiency and effectiveness of United 

19 States international conservation programs and re20 ducing executive branch agency overhead or project 

21 administration costs for conservation programs im22 plemented abroad; 

23 (4) assess the extent to which agencies have 

24 identified unsuccessful projects and programs and 


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1 the actions taken to improve performance or termi2 nate such projects and programs; 

3 (5) assess the extent to which agencies have 

4 quantified the economic benefits that resulted from 

5 investments in international conservation programs 

6 and activities called for in the Strategy, and an ac7 counting of the measures utilized to calculate such 

8 benefits; 

9 (6) include policy analyses and outline options 

10 for congressional consideration; and 

11 (7) include any other analyses the Comptroller 

12 General considers necessary or appropriate. 

13 SEC. 204. WILDLIFE DEPENDANT RECREATION AND USES 

14 OF WILDLIFE. 

15 (a) WILDLIFE DEPENDENT RECREATION.—No pro16 vision in this Act shall be construed as restricting, lim17 iting, or otherwise impairing properly managed rec18 reational hunting and angling. 

19 (b) REGULATED USES OF WILDLIFE.—No provision 

20 in this Act shall be construed as restricting, limiting, or 

21 otherwise impairing the ability of any foreign jurisdiction 

22 or authority to authorize regulated programs supporting 

23 wildlife for local consumption and commercialization. 


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1 TITLE III—SUPPORT AND RE2 SOURCES FROM OTHER 

3 COUNTRIES 

4 SEC. 301. PURPOSE. 

5 The purpose of this title is to leverage significantly 

6 United States commitments to global natural resources 

7 conservation by encouraging other countries to make sub8 stantial commitments of funding and other forms of as9 sistance to a comprehensive and coordinated international 

10 natural resource and biodiversity conservation assistance 

11 strategy in order to promote economic development, food 

12 and water security, environmental sustainability, the pro13 tection of biodiversity, and local and regional security. 

14 SEC. 302. DIPLOMATIC GOALS AND VENUES. 

15 (a) GOALS.—Congress urges the President to work 

16 with the world’s major foreign assistance donor countries 

17 to— 

18 (1) develop a comprehensive and coordinated 

19 international conservation assistance strategy con20 sistent with the priorities identified in the United 

21 States International Conservation Strategy estab22 lished pursuant to section 201(a); 

23 (2) identify innovative and efficient multilateral 

24 mechanisms that can be used to coordinate inter25 national action by all participating donor countries, 


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1 identify and reduce duplication of efforts among 

2 such donors, achieve the most cost effective invest3 ments, and leverage international foreign assistance 

4 with meaningful financial and other commitments in 

5 recipient countries; and 

6 (3) agree on a timetable for achieving the goals 

7 of the United States International Conservation 

8 Strategy. 

9 (b) VENUES.—Congress urges the President to ex10 plore opportunities for achieving the goals identified in 

11 this section within the context of United States bilateral 

12 diplomacy with other important international donor coun13 tries, bilateral diplomacy with newly emerging donor coun14 tries, and all appropriate multilateral venues. 

Æ 


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