1 ... S eeTe x. R. App . P. 47. 4. 

## COURT OF APPEALS SECOND DISTRICTOFTEXAS FORT WORTH
NO . 2- 07- 374- CR
E NE DI NA P E R E Z AP P E L L ANT V . TH E STA TE O F TEXA S STA TE

----- ----- -- FR O M CRI M I NA LDI STRI CT CO URT NO . 4OF TARRA NT CO UN TY

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### M E M ORANDU M OP I NI ON 1

----- ----- -- A j ury c onvi ct ed A ppe l l antEne di na Per ezof agg r ava t ed se xua l as sa ul tof
a m i nor , i nde c e n c y w i th a chi l d byco nt ac t i ng t he chi l d’ s gen i t al s, an d in d e c e n c y w ith a c h il d b yc a u s in g th e c h il d to c o n ta c t A p p e ll a n t’ sb re a s ts . In f o u rp o in t s , A p p e lla n ta r g u e st h a tt h e e v id e n c e isle g a llya n d f a c t u a lly i ns uf f i ci ent t o su pport her con vi ct i ons and t hatt he t r i alco urter r ed by a dm i t t i ng2

hear say t est i m ony co ncer ni ng ano t heral l eged sexual assaul tatgui l t - i nno cence. W e a ffir m . Back gr ound M a ri a G .— th e m o th e r o f th e c o m p l a i n a n t, “ S u z y ” (a ps eud onym )

— t es t i f i ed t hat sh e hi r ed A ppe l l ant as a f ul l

- t i m e l i ve- i n nan ny a nd hous ek ee peri n 1996 w hen M ar i a w as pr egn ant w i t h Suzy . A ft erSuz y’ s bi rt h, A p p e lla n tlo o k e d a f t e rh e ra n d M a r ia ’s o t h e rc h ild r e n , liv in g w i t h t h e f a m ily dur i ng t h e we e ka n d r e t u r n i n g t o h e ro wn h o me o n t h e we e k e n d s . A p pel l ant sh ar ed a b edr oom w i t h Suz y, an d th e t w o s l epti n t he sa m e b ed. Suz y s pen t
so m e w ee ke ndsw i t h Appel l antat A ppe l l ant ’ s hom e. M ar i a t es t i f i ed t hatone ni ght, she w al ked i nt o S uzy’ s bedr oom , w her e S uzy and A ppel l antw er e i n bed t oge t her . She sa w A ppe l l ant ’ s han d unde r t he sh ee t nea r Suzy ’ s gen i t al s, an d A ppe l l antqui ck l y m ove d he rha n d . M ar i a a sk ed w hatw asgoi ng on , an d A p p e l l a n tre s p o n d e d , “[W ]h yw o u l d I w a n t to b e d o i n g th a t s tu ff to [S u z y ]? That ’ s w hatm en ar e f or . ” A l t hough t he i nci den t m adeM ar i a s us pi ci ous , s he di d n othi ng f urt he r ab ou t i t . M ari a testi f i ed t ha tt he r e w as a t i m e w he n S uzy c o m p l a i n e d a b o u t re d n e s s i n h e r g e n i ta l a re a , w h i c h M a ri a a ttri b u te d to S u z y ’s f ai l i ng t o w i pe her se l ff r om f r ontt o ba ck , and M ar i a t ol d Suzy t o as k Appel l ant to a p p l yc o rn s ta rc h to th e a ffe c te d a re a .3

A nge l i na Bow en, a cou ns el or at Suzy ’ s sc hool , t es t i f i ed t hatSuz y m ade
an ou tcr y st at em entt o heraft erw at chi ng a “Pl ay I tSafe”vi deo, w hi ch i n stru c ts c h i l d ren o n the d i ff e r e n c e b e tw e e n ap p rop ri a te a n d i n a p p rop ri a te t ouc hi ng, i n Fe br uary 2006. Bow en sa i d t hat Suzy ca m e t o her of f i ce aft ert he p r e s e n t a t io n a n d , c ry in g , t o ld h e rt h a t“ h e rb a b y s it t e rh a d b e e n t o u c h in g h e rin her. . . l ow er pr i vat es and her upp er pr i vat es. ” Bo w en sai d t hat S uzy t ol d her t h a tA p p e lla n tf o r c e d S u z yt o d r e s sin f r o n to fh e ra n d t o u c h e d h e rg e n it a ls
w hen S uzy show er ed a n d t hatt he abuse “w as cont i nuo us, . . . w as
r epet i t i ve. ” Suzy t ol d B ow en t hat she w as af r ai d A ppel l antw as goi ng t o l ock h e r i n h e r ro o m a n d h i t h e r i f s h e fo u n d o u t th a t S u z yh a d m a d e a n o u tc ry . Suzyt es t i f i ed t hatw hen s he w a s i n pr e- k, ki nde r gart en, f i r stgr ade , or s e c o n d g r a d e , A p p e lla n tb e g a n t o u c h i n g h e ro n h e ru p p e ra n d lo w e rb o d y , in her“ pr i vat e part ” and on her che st . Suzy sa i d A ppe l l ant puthe rha ndsi ns i de S uzy’ s cl ot hes and herf i nger s i nt o her“pr i v a te p a rt .” W hen asked w het her A ppe l l antw ent“ i ns i de t he hol e” i n he r“ pr i vat e p art s, ” Suzys ai d, “ Li ke– s he di d, butl i kenotal l t he w ay, butj us tl i k e ha l f . ” She a l so s ai d t hatA ppe l l ant
r ubb ed S uzy’ s br east s i n a ci r cul arm ot i on bo t h overand und erSu zy’ s cl ot hes. S u z yt e s t if ie d t h a t A p p e lla n t t o u c h e d h e rin t h e s e m a n n e r sm a n yt im e sa n d in di f f er entl oca t i ons , i ncl udi ng i n a ca rw hi l e s t oppe d a tr ed l i ght s. She sa i d s he d id n o tt e ll h e rm o t h e r“ [b ]e c a u s e I k n e w I w a sg o in g t o g e tin t r o u b le if I s a id4

anyt hi ng”an d be ca us e Appel l ant“ sa i d . . . s he’ l l go g etm y m om , an d s he
w ou l d d o so m ethi ng t o h er, l i ke hi the ror som ethi ng . ” O n o ne oc ca si on , S uzy t o ld A p p e lla n tt o s t o p w h a ts h e w a sd o in g , a n d A p p e lla n t g o t m a d a n d la t e rh it herw i t h a be l t . Suz y s ai d t hatt he t ouc hi ng c on ti n u e d u nt i l s he t ol d Bow en,
w h i c h w a sw h e n S u z yw a si n th e fo u rth g ra d e . D r . J u d y W er ner , Su zy’ s f am i l y physi ci an, t est i f i ed t hatshe exam i ned S u z y th e d a ya fte r S u z ym a d e h e r o u tc rys ta te m e n t. S h e te s ti fi e d th a t S u z y ’s gr oi n w asr edd e n e d a nd s w ol l en f r om he rl abi a b ac k t o he ran us . She
a t t e m p t e d t o d e t e r m in e w h e t h e rS u z y ’s h y m e n w a sin t a c t , b u t S u z y ’s la b ia
w er e s o s w ol l en and pa i nf ul t hats he cou l d not do so . O n c r os s- exa m i nat i on, D r . W er ners ai d t hatSuz y’ s sw el l i ng a nd r edn es s cou l d beco ns i st entw i t h not
w i p i n g p ro p e rl ya fte r u ri n a ti o n a n d th e n s c ra tc h i n g to re l i e v e th e i tc h . D o n n a W ri g h t, a p e d i a tri c n u rs e p ra c ti ti o n e r w i th th e C o o kC h i l d re n ’s M e d ic a l C e n t e r C .A .R .E . t e a m , in t e rv ie w e d S u z y a n d p e r f o r m e d a s e x u a l a s s a u lt
exam . W r i ght t es tifie d t hatshe det er m i ned f r om i nt ervi ew i ng S uzy t hat A p p e lla n th a d p e n e t r a t e d S u z y ’s s e x u a l o r g a n w it h A p p e lla n t ’s f in g e r . S h e s a id t ha t S u z y h a d s o me r e d n e s s a r o u n d h e r g e n i t a l s b u t t h a t s h e a t t a c h e d no si gni f i cance t o i tbecause t her e ar e m any po ssi b le c a u s e s f orsuch r edness,
s u c h a s n o t w i p i n g w e l l , sw e a ti n g , o r s k i n ru b b i n g to g e th e r.5

T h e d e fe n s e p re s e n te d th e te s ti m o n yo f s i xw i tn e s s e s ; fi v e a re A ppel l ant ’ s r el at i ves, and t he si xt h i s Suzy’ s f at her . Theyal l t est i f i ed t hatt hey h a d n e v e r s e e n A p p e l l a n t b e h a v e i n a p p ro p ri a te l yw i th S u z y . Th e j ur y f oun d A ppel l antg u il t y on al l t hr ee countsand assess ed puni sh m entat t hi rt y ye ar s’ co nf i nem entf ort he agg r ava t ed se xua l as sa ul tco unt
a n d te n y e a rs ’ c o n f i n e m e n t fo r e a c h i n d e c e n c yc o u n t, a n d th e tri a l c o u rt
r end er ed j udgm entac cor di ngl y. Legaland Fact ualSu ff i ci ency I n herf i r stt hr ee poi nt s, A ppel l antchal l enges t he l e gal and f act ual
su f f i ci enc y oft he evi den cet o s upportt he herco nvi ct i ons . W hen r evi ew i ng t he l ega l s uf f i ci enc y oft he evi den cet o s upporta con v i c ti o n , w e v i ew al l t he evi den cei n t he l i ghtm os t fa v o rabl e t o t he pr os ec ut i on i n or dert o de t er m i ne
w het heran y r at i ona l t r i eroff ac tco ul d ha ve f ound t he es se nt i alel em ent s oft he
c ri m e b e y o n d a re a s o n a b l e d o u b t. Ja cks o n v. V ir ginia , 443 U. S. 307, 319, 99 S . C t. 2 7 8 1 , 2 7 8 9 (1 9 7 9 ); Cl a y to nv. S tate , 2 3 5 S . W . 3 d 7 7 2 , 7 7 8 ( T e x . C r i m. A p p . 2 0 0 7 ). W h e n re v i e w i n g th e fa c tu a l s u fficie n c yo f th e e v i d e n c e to s u p p o rt
a c onvi ct i on, w e v i ew al l t he evi den ce i n a neu t r all i ght , f avo r i ng ne i t herpa rt y. Nea l v. S ta te, 2 5 6 S .W .3 d 2 6 4 , 2 7 5 (T e x . C ri m . A p p . 2 0 0 8 ); W a tso nv. S tate , 204 S. W . 3d 404, 414 ( Tex. Cr i m . A pp. 2 0 0 6) . W e t hen as k w het hert he evi dence supp ort i ng t he conv i ct i on, al t hou gh l egal l y suf f i ci ent , i s nevert hel ess6

s o w e a kt h a tt h e f a c t f in d e r ’s d e t e r m in a t io n isc le a r ly w r o n g a n d m a n if e s t ly unj u s to rwh e t h e rc o n f l i c t i n g e v i d e n c e s o g r e a t l yo u t we i g h st h e e vi dence
s u p p o rt in g t h e c o n v i c t i o n t h a tt h e f a c t f in d e r ’s d e t e r m in a t io n ism a n if e s t ly
u n j u s t. L a n c o n v. S tate , 2 5 3 S .W .3 d 6 9 9 , 7 0 4(T e x . C ri m . A p p . 2 0 0 8 ); W atson , 204 S. W . 3d a t414– 15, 417. 1. Pene t r at i on I n he r f i r s t p o i n t , Ap p e l l a n t a r g u e s t h a t t h e e v i d e n c e i s l e g a l l yan d f a c t u a llyin s u f f ic ie n tt o p r o v e t h a ts h e p e n e t r a t e d S u z y ’s s e x u a l o r g a n in
conn ect i on w i t h herconvi ct i on f oraggr avat ed sexual assaul t . She ar gues t hat Suzy wa s t o o y o u n g a t t h e t i me o f t h e a l l e g e d a s s a u l t t o u n d e r s t a n d t he di f f er ence bet w een t ouch i ng and penet r at i on and t h a t th er e w as no physi cal
e v i d e n c e o f p e n e tra ti o n . A pe r so n c om m i t s t he of f ens e o fag gr ava t ed se xua l as sa ul ti ft he per so n i nt ent i onal l y or know i ngl y causes t he penetr at i on of t he anus orsexual or gan ofa chi l d byan y m ea ns . Tex . Pen alCode Ann. § 22. 02 1 (a) ( 1) ( B) ( V er non S upp . 20 08 ) . Penet r at i on occu r s w hen t he c o n ta c t is m or e i nt r usi ve t han
c o n ta c t w i th th e o u te r l a b i a o f th e fe m a l e s e x u a l o rg a n . Verno nv. S tate , 841 S. W . 2d 407, 409 ( Tex. C r i m . A pp. 1992 ) ( hol di ng t hats l i ght es tpe net r at i on of f em al e s exu alor gan i s su f f i ci ent t o pr ovepe net r at i on e ven t hough va gi na i s not ent er ed) . Court s gi ve w i de l at i t udet o t es t i m o n y g i v e n bya chi l d vi ct i m of7

s e x u a l a b u s e . S e eV i l l a l o nv. S tate , 791 S . W . 2d 130, 134 ( Tex . C ri m . A pp. 19 90 ) . The vi ct i m ’ s descr i pt i on of w hat happ ened t o herneed not be pr eci se, and s he i s notex pec t ed t o e xpr es s her se l f at t he sa m e l eve l ofs ophi st i ca t i on a s a n a d u l t. See i

d. Ther e i s no r equ i r em entt h a t th e v i ct i m ’ s t es t i m ony be
c o r r o b o ra te d b ym e d i c a l o r p h y s i c a l e v i d e n c e . Ga rci av. S tate , 5 6 3 S . W . 2d 9 2 5 , 9 2 8 ( T e x . C ri m . A p p . 1 9 7 8 ); Kemp lev. S tate , 725 S. W . 2d 483, 485 (T e x . A p p .— C o rp u sC h ri s ti1 9 8 7 , n o p e t.). C oncer ni ng pen et r at i on, Su zy t est i f i ed as f ol l ow s: Q . [ B y th e p ros ec ut or ] . . . [ L] et ’ s t al k j us ta l i t t l e b i tab outyou r pr i vat e p art , ok ay? A . O ka y. Q . W i l l you ag r eew i t h m e t ha t a g i rl ’ s pr i vat e p artl ook s ki nd of l i k e tw o fi n g e rsp u t to g e th e r? A . Y e s . Q . W hen [ A ppe l l ant ] w oul d t ouc h your pr i vat e p artw i t h he rha nd o rh e rf in g e r , d id s h e t o u c h ju s to n t o p o ft h e s e t w o p a rt so rd id she go i n bet w een t hese t w o part s? A . She d i d both. She w oul d r ub and she w oul d go i nsi de. Q . O k a y . N o w , w h e n y o u g o i n side th e tw o p ri v a te— o r t h e tw o p a rt s, the re’s a h o l e u n d e rne a th the re, r i g h t? A . Y es. Q . D i d sh e g o i n side tha t ho l e o r no t?8

A . L ik e — s h e d id , b u tn o ta ll t h e w a y , b u tju s tlik e h a lf , a n d s o it w o u l d kind o f hu rt . Q . O k a y . A n d y o u ’rem a k i n g k i n d o f a c i rc l e w i th y o u r fi n g e rs w hen yo u put i ti n bet w een m y t w o f i nger s? A . Y es. Q . S o d i d sh e d o tha t w h e n sh e w a s to u c h i n g y o u r pri v a te p a rt ? D i d herf i nger s m ake a l i t t l e ci r cl e? A . Y es. Q . O r so m e th i n g d i fferen t? A . L i kes he had he r — w hen eve r sh e w ent i n t he hol e, sh e g ot
— one f i nge rw asdoi ng t he ci r cl e, butw hen eve rs he w oul d t ouc h m y pr i vat e part , l i ke noti n, butr i ght t her e— Q . O n t op of t he t w o part s? A . Yes . She w oul d j us t
— sh e g otal l l i ket hr eean d j us tr ubbe d. Q . She w oul d r ub w i t h t hr ee f i nger s? A . Y es. Q . O ka y. And yo u s a i d i tw oul d k i nd ofhurtw hen s he w ent i nsi de? A . Y e s . Thi s i s so m e e vi den cef r om w hi ch a r at i ona l j ury c oul d c onc l udet hatA ppe l l ant pen et r at ed Suzy ’ s se xua l or gan . A ppe l l antpoi nt s t o Suzy ’ s t es t i m ony t hatA ppe l l antw oul d s om et i m esr ub hers exu alor gan t hr ough hercl ot hi ng t o s ugge stt hatSuz y w asco nf us ed abo ut9

penetr at i on, buta m or e r easonabl e i nt er pr et at i on of her over al l t est i m ony i s t hat A ppel l antw oul d som et i m es r ub hergeni t al s t hr oug h herc lo th i ng and ot her ti m e s p e n e tr a te h e r se x u a l o rga n w i th h e r f i n g e rs. A p p e l l a n t al so p o i n ts to M a ri a ’ste s ti m o n yth a t s h e i n s tru c te d A p p e l l a n t to a p p l y c o rn s ta rc h to S u z y ’s gr oi n a s evi den cer ai si ng t he def ens e o fm edi ca l t r ea t m en t. S ee Tex . Penal C o d e A n n . § § 2 2 .0 1 1 (d ) ( V e r n o n S u p p . 2 0 0 8 ), 2 2 .0 2 1 (d ). B u te v e n if A ppe l l antt ouc hed Suz y’ s se xua l or gan f ort he pur pos e o fap pl yi ng c or ns t ar ch, M ar i a’ s t est i m ony d oes notexpl ai n S uzy’ s t est i m ony that A ppel l antt ouch ed her “i ns i de t he hol e, ” i . e. , pe net r at ed hers exu alor gan . A ppel l antf urt herhi ghl i ghtst he f actt hatD r . W er nerf oun d no evi d ence of penetr at i on, but D r . W er ner al so t est i f i ed t hat she w oul d not expectt o see any su ch evi den ce bec aus e a chi l d’ s se xua l or gan he al s qui ck l y a nd be ca us e o f th e a m o u n t o f ti m e th a t e l a p s e d b e tw e e n th e a l l e g e d a s s a u l t a n d D r. W e rn e r’s
ex a m i nat i on. Fu rt her , asw e n ot ed abo ve, a vi ct i m ’ s t es t i m ony nee d notbe
c o rro b o ra te d b yp h y s i c a l o r m e d i c a l e v i d e n c e . Ga rcia , 563 S. W . 2d a t928; Kemp le , 7 2 5 S .W .2 d a t 4 8 5 . C ons i der i ng t he evi den ceofpe net r at i on i n t he l i ghtm os tf avo r abl e t o t he j ury’ s ver di ct , w e h ol d t hata r at i ona l t r i eroff ac t c oul d ha ve f ound bey ond a
r ea s o n a b l e d o u b t t h a t Ap p e l l a n t p e n e t r a t e d S u z y ’ s s e x u a l o r g a n . T h u s , t he
e v i d e n c e i sl e g a l l ys u fficie n t. S ee Jacks on , 44 3 U . S . at31 9, 99 S. C t . at10

2 7 8 9 ; Cl

ayton , 2 3 5 S .W .3 d at 7 7 8 . C o n side ri n g the ev i d e n c e i n a n e u tr a l l i g h t,
w e hol d t hat i t i s al so f ac t ual l y su fficie n t. S e eNea l , 256 S . W . 3d a t275; W atson , 2 0 4S .W .3 d at 4 1 4 . T h e refo re, w e o v e rr u l e A p p e l l a n t’ s fi rst po i n t. 2 . In te n t toa ro u s eo r g ra ti fys e x u a ld e s i re In h e rs e c o n d a n d t h ir d p o in t s , A p p e lla n ta r g u e st h a tt h e e v id e n c e is l e g a l l yan d fac tu a l l y i n su ffi c i e n t i n co n n e c ti o n w i th h e r co n v i c ti o n s fo r t h e tw o i nd ec en cyco un t s t o sh ow t ha t sh e t ou ch ed S uzy ’ s ge ni t al s an d ca us ed S uzy to to u c h A p p e l l a n t’s b re a s ts w i th th e i n te n t to a ro u s e a n d g ra ti fya n yp e rs o n ’s sexual d e s ire . S he al so ar gues t hatM ar i a’ s t est i m ony thatshe i nst r uct ed A ppel l antt o appl y cor nst ar ch t o S uzy’ s gr oi n “negat es a s exual i zed i nt ent . ” A pe r so n c om m i t s t he of f ens e of i nde ce ncy w i t h a chi l d by c ont ac ti ft he per so n e nga gesi n s exu alco nt ac tw i t h t he chi l d or ca us es t he chi l d t o e nga ge i n sexual contact . Tex . Penal C ode A nn. § 21 . 11 ( a) ( 1) ( V er non 20 03 ) . “Sexual contact ” m eans , if c o m m i t t ed w i t h t he i nt entt o ar ouse orgr at i f y t he sexual des i r e o fan y pe r so n, an y t ouc hi ng bya per so n, i ncl udi ng t o u c h i ng t hr ough cl ot hi ng, oft he anu s, br ea st , oran y pa rtoft he g e ni t al s ofa chi l d oran y t ouc hi ng ofan y pa rtoft he body of a chi l d, i ncl udi ng t ouc hi ng t hr ough cl ot hi ng,
w i th th e a n u s , b re a s t, o r a n yp a rt o f th e g e n i ta l so f a p e rs o n . Id . § 2 1 .1 1 (c ). Th e speci f i c i nt ent t o ar ouse orgr at i f y t he sexual desi r e ofa per son can be i nf er r ed f r om a def end ant ’ s con duc t , r em ar ks , oral l t he su r r oundi ng11

c i rc u m s ta n c e s . Mc Kenziev. S tate , 617 S . W . 2d 211, 216 ( Tex. Cr i m . A pp. [P a n e l O p .] 1 9 8 1 ). O ra l e x p re s s i o n so f i n te n t a r e n o t re q u i re d ; ra th e r, a d e fe n d a n t’sc o n d u c t a l o n e i ss u fficie n t to i n fe r i n te n t. Tyler v. Sta te , 950 S .W .2 d 7 8 7 , 7 8 9 (T e x . A p p .— F o rt W o rth 1 9 9 7 , n o p e t.). Suzyt es t i f i ed t hatA ppe l l antm adehe rt ouc h Appel l ant ’ s br ea s ts . She
s a id th a tshe w as m assagi ng A ppel l ant ’ s shoul der s and A ppel l antm oved h er han d ont o Appel l ant ’ s br ea stan d t ol d Suzy t o m as sa ge “r i ghtt her e. ” W r i ght t est i f i ed t hat S uzy t ol d hert hatA ppel l antsai d “i tf el tgood ” w hen S uzy t ouch ed A p p e l l a n t’sb re a s t. S u z ya l s o t e s t if ie d t h a tw h e n A p p e lla n tw a st o u c h in g h e r , “ s h e w o u ld
som et i m es say t he F w or d and t he S w or d” i n S pani s h . D r. W e r nert est i f i ed t hatSu zy t ol d her t hat A ppel l ant“used t he w or d pussy, and she sai d t hatw hen she w as r ubb i ng [ S u z y ] und er neat h herpant i es, she w oul d say, quote, f uck, end qu ot e. A nd she w oul d al so l oo kat[ S uzy] , sm i l e, and t hen i n S pani sh
w oul d say, quote, softand sm ooth, end quo t e. ” Furt her , Su zy t est i f i ed t hat A p p e lla n tt o ld h e rt h a tifs h e d id n o ta llo w A p p e lla n t t o t o u c h h e r o rifS u z yt o ld anyon e, A ppel l antw oul d “get” Su zy’ s m ot herand “do som et hi ng t o her , l i ke hi therorsom et hi ng. ” A l t hou gh t he j ur y coul d i nf er A ppel l ant ’ s i nt ent t o ar ouse orgr at i f y sexual d e s i re fro m th e to u c h i n g i ts e l f, see i d. at78 9 , th e f or egoi ng evi dence al so12

su pport s t hatf i ndi ng. Suzy ’ s t es t i m ony abo utA ppe l l ant ’ s m oan i ng w hen s he
m ade S uzy t ouch her br east s and utt er i ng w or ds ofa cr ude sexual nat ur e w hen t ouc hi ng Suz y’ s gen i t al s ar e c i r cum st anc es t end i ng t o s how t hatA ppe l l ant
v i e w e d th e i n c i d e n ts a s s e x u a l e n c o u n te rs . S e eMc Kenzie , 617 S. W . 2d a t216; Murra yv. S tate , 24 S. W . 3d 881 , 886 –87 ( Tex. A pp. — W ac o 200 0, pet . r ef ’ d) ( hol di ng defendant ’ s use of t he w or d “pussy” i n r ef er ence t o i ndecen tcont act
re a s o n a b l y i m p l i e d th a t h e v i e w e d th e i n c i d e n t a sa s e x u a l e n c o u n te r). F u rth e r, a d ef end ant ’ s i ns t r uct i on t o a ch i l d v i c ti m nott o r eve alt he eve ntt o a nyon e show s a consci ousness ofw r ong doi ng, w hi ch i n t ur n l eads t o an i nf er ence t hat
w h e n t h e d e f e n d a n tt o u c h e d t h e v ic t im , t h e d e f e n d a n th a r b o r e d a s p e c if ic i n te n t to a ro u s e a n d g ra ti fyth e d e fe n d a n t’so w n s e x u a l d e s i re . Mo n tg o m ery
v. S tate , 8 1 0 S .W .2 d 3 7 2 , 3 9 6 (T e x . C ri m . A p p . 1 9 9 1 ) (o p . o n re h ’g ). W it h re g a r d t o A p p e lla n t ’s a r g u m e n tt h a tM a r ia ’s in s t r u c t in g h e rt o a p p ly
cor ns t ar ch t o Suz y’ s gr oi n ne gat ess pec i f i c s exu al i z ed i nt ent , w e h aveal r ea dy noted t hateven i fA ppel l antt ouch ed S uzy’ s geni t al s f ort hatpur pose, i tdoes notex cus e h erf r om t he ot herac t s ofw hi ch Suzyco m pl ai ns ; t hos e a ct s i ncl ude
ca us i ng S uzy t o t ou ch A pp el l an t ’ s breas t s an d r ub bi ng S uzy ’ s ge ni t a ls w h ile ut t er i ng t he st at em ent s setf ort h abov e. W e h o l d tha t t h e ev i d e n c e i s b o th l e g a l l yan d fac tu a l l ysu ffi c ie n t t o su p p o r t t h e j u ry’s i m p l i e d fi n d i n g tha t A p p e l l a n t i n ten d e d to a rou se o r gra ti fy13

a per son’ s sexual desi r e w hen she caused S uzy t o t ouch herbr east s and w hen
s h e to u c h e d S u z y ’sg e n i ta l s , a n d w e o v e rru l e A p p e l l a n t’ss e c o n d a n d th i rd poi nt s. 3. Ext r aneou s off ense evi dence I n herf ourt h poi nt , A ppella n t ar gues t hatt he t r i al courtcom m i t t ed
s tru c tu ra l , c o n s ti tu ti o n a l e rro r b y a l l o w i n g M a ri a to te s ti fy th a t S u z y ’sb ro th e r, Bob ( a p se udony m ) , ha d r ec ent l y t ol d hert hatA ppe l l antha d a bus ed hi m , t oo. A ppel l antdi d not obj ect t o t hi s t est i m ony at t r i al , and she conced es t hat t r eat i ng t he er r oras a const itu tio n a l, st r uct ur al er r ori s “an adm i t t edl y novel concep t . ” The t est i m ony i n quest i on i s as f ol l ow s:

(C o n fe re n c e a t th e b e n c h .) [ P R OS E CU T OR ] : J u d g e , I b e l i e v e a tt h i st i me , t h e d e f ense h a s o p e n e d t h e d o o rt o s e x u a l a b u s e o f[B o b ] a sw e ll. [ D EFEN S E C O U N S EL] : Th at ’ s f i ne. TH E CO U RT: O ka y. (E n d o f b e n c h c o n fe re n c e .) Q . [ By t he pr os ec ut or ] M ar i a, di d you f i nd out t hat [ Suzy ] w asnot t he onl y a bus ed— ors exu alab us e v i ct i m ofyou rch i l dr en? A . Yes , I di d. Q . W h o w a st h e o t h e rv ic t im ? A . M ys o n , [B o b ].14 . . . . Q . A n d , b ri e fl y , h o w d i d y o u fi n d o u t ab o u t t h a t? A . I h a d b ro u g h t m yc h i l d re n to g e t i n te rv i e w e d b e c a u s e w e w e re su ppos ed t o go t o t r i alon t hi s m att eri n Ju l y. Q . D i d he t el l you abo uti tatt hatt i m e? A . I f o u n d o u tw h e n I w a st o ld t h a tw e c o u ld n ’tp r o c e e d . I c o u ld notha ndl e i t , t w o c hi l dr en. Q . Do you kno w , as a par ent , w hy [ Bob] had r em ai ned qui etab out i t? A . [ A p p e l l a n t] h a d thre a ten e d h im t h a tso m e th i n g w a s g o i n g to happ en t o us. [D E F E N S E C O U N S E L ]: Y o u r H o n o r, I ’m g o i n g to o bj e c t. That ’ s nonr es pons i ve and t hatal so ca l l s f orhe ar sa y. [PR O S E C U T O R ]: W i th o u t ge tti n g i n to the thre a t— T H E C O U R T : I ’l l s u s ta i n th a t a sto a n y th i n g fu rth e r. Q . [ B yt h e p r o s e c u t o r ] —d o y o u k n o w— [P R O S E C U T O R ]: A c tu a l l y , Y o u r H o n o r, I p a s sth e w i tn e s s . T o p res e rve a c o m p l a i n t fo r o u r rev i e w , a p a rt y m u st h a v e p res e n ted to t h e t r ia l c o u r t a t im e lyre q u e s t , o bje c t io n , o rm o t io n t h a ts t a t e st h e s p e c if ic gr oundsf ort he des i r ed r ul i ng i f t hey ar e not app ar ent f r om t he con t extoft he
re q u e s t, o bj e c ti o n , o r m o ti o n . T e x . R . A p p . P . 3 3 .1 (a )(1 ); Mo sleyv. S tate , 983 S .W .2 d 2 4 9 , 2 6 5 (T e x . C ri m . A p p . 1 9 9 8 ) (o p . o n re h ’g ), c ert. deni e d , 526 U. S.15

107 0 ( 199 9) . Fu rt her , t he t r i al cou rt m us t hav e r ul ed on t he r equ es t , obj ec t i on, orm ot i on, ei t he r e x p re s s l y ori m pl i ci t l y, ort he com pl ai ni ng pa rt y m us tha ve o bj e c te d to th e tri a lc o u rt’sre fu s a l to ru l e . T e x . R . A p p . P . 3 3 .1 (a )(2 ); Mendez
v. S tate , 1 3 8 S .W .3 d 3 3 4 , 3 4 1 (T e x . C ri m . A p p . 2 0 0 4 ). Exc eptf orco m pl ai nt s i nvol vi ng s ys t em i c ( ora b so l ut e) r equ i r em ent s, or
r ig h t s t h a ta r e w a iv a b l e o n l y , a ll o t h e rc o m p la in t s , w h e t h e rc o n s t it u t io n a l,
s ta tu to ry , o r o th e rw i s e , a re fo rfe i te d b y f a i l u r e to c o m p l yw i th ru l e 3 3 .1 (a ). Mendez , 138 S . W . 3d at342. Sys t em i c r equ i r em ent s i ncl udej ur i sd i ct i on oft he per so n a nd s ubj ec tm att er , a pe n a l s ta t ut e’ s bei ng i n c om pl i anc e w i t h t he separ at i on of pow er s sect i on of t he st at e c o n st i t ut i on, a const i t ut i onal
r equ i r em entt hata di st r i ctco urtco nduc t i t s pr oce edi ngsatt he cou nt y s ea t , t he const i t ut i onal pr ohi bi t i on agai nstex postf act o l aw s, and cert ai n const i t ut i onal
re s tra i n ts o n a j u d g e ’sc o m m e n ts . Sa lda n o v. S tate , 70 S. W . 3d 873, 888– 89 (T e x . C ri m . A p p . 2 0 0 2 ). C o n s ti tu ti o n a l e rro r th a t i s“ s tru c tu ra l ” a n d th e re fo re
n o t s u bj e c t to a h a rm a n a l y s i sa l s o s e e m sto fa l l i n to th i s c a t e g o ry . S ee Mendez , 1 3 8 S .W .3 d a t3 3 9

– 4 0 . T h e v e rylim it e d c la s so fs t r u c t u r a l, const i t ut i onal er r or s i ncl udes t he t ot al depr i vat i on ofcounsel att r i al , l ack ofan i m part i al t r i al j udg e, t he unl aw f ul excl usi on of m em ber s oft he def endan t ’ s r ace f r om a gr and j ur y, t he deni al of t he r i ght t o sel f

- r epr esent at i on att r i al , t he deni al oft he r i ghtt o a publ i c t r i al , an d a n i ns t r uct i on t hater r one ous l y l ow er s t he16

bur den ofpr oof f or con vi ct i on be l ow t he “b eyo nd a r ea so nab l e d oubt ” st and ar d. Jo hn so nv. S tate , 169 S . W . 3d 223, 235 (Tex. Cr i m . A pp. 2005 ) ( ci t i ng Johns onv. U. S. , 5 2 0 U .S . 4 6 1 , 4 6 8

– 6 9 , 1 1 7 S . C t. 1 5 4 4 , 1 5 4 9

– 5 0 (1 9 9 7 )). Th e er r orA ppel l antal l eges on appeal

— t he adm i ssi on of hear say evi dence ofan ext r ane ousof f ens e— doe s notf al l w i t hi n t he par am et er s ofs ys t em i c e r r or o r str u c tu ral , c o n sti tu ti o n a l erro r . T h e r e fo re, A p p e l l a n t ha d the o b l i g a ti o n to
o bj e c t to th e e v i d e n c e a t tri a l . S ee T e x . R . A p p . P . 3 3 .1 (a ) ( 1 ) ; Mosley , 983 S . W . 2d at26 5. Because A ppel l antf ai le d to obj ect , she f or f ei t ed t he al l eged
e rr o r, an d w e o v e rr u l e h e r f o u rt h p o i n t. C onc l us i on H a v i n g o v e rru l e d a l l o f A p p e l l a n t’sp o i n ts , w e a ffir m th e t ri a l c o u rt’s j u d g m e n t.

A N N E GA RD N ER J U S T I C E PA N EL: CA YC E, C. J. ; LI V I N G STO N an d GA RD N ER, JJ. DO NO T P UBLI SH Tex. R. A pp. P. 47. 2( b) DEL I VERE D: J a nu a ry 22, 2009