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TEXAS COMMISSION ON ENVIRONMENTAL QuAlflIn'filVISION Bryan W. Shaw, Ph.D., Chairman

Buddy Garcia, Commissioner

Carlos Rubinstein, Commissioner

Mark R. Vickery, P.G., Executive Director

Protecting Texas by Reducing andPreventing Pollution 

### April 1,2010

Docket No. 2009-0801-SIP 

### Project No. 2009-018-SIP-NR**y",·~:·** -,...r;·,

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### Alfredo "AI" Armendariz, Ph.D., Regional Administrator
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

- Region 6
1445 Ross Avenue Dallas, Texas 75202-2733 w

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### Dear Dr. Armendariz:

On March 10,2010, the Texas Commission on Environinental Quality (Commission) adopted a revision to the

state implementation plan (SIP) for demonstration of reasonable further progress for the Houston-GalvestonBrazoria (HGB) 1997 eight-hour ozone nonattainment area.

The Commission adopted the HGB Reasonable Further Progress (RFP) SIP revision, demonstrating that the

RFP emissions reduction requirement will be met for the six-year period (2003-2008) beginning Janumy 1 of the

year following the year used for the baseline emissions inventory (2002) and all remaining three-year periods

after the first six-year period (2009-2011, 2012-2014, and 2015-2017) out to the area's attainment 

### date (2019).

This SIP revision also sets the nitrogen oxides (NOx) 

### and volatile organic compounds (VOC) motor vehicle
emissions budgets (MVEB) for transportation conformity purposes for the milestone years 2008, 2011, 2014, 2017, and 2018.

Enclosed are the proposed revision to the SIP, a public hearing certification, a complete record of the public hearings, and the accompanying order. I look forward to your expeditious approval ofthis SIP revision.

Sincerely,

# ~~;dAtv- Bryan W. Shaw, Ph.D.
Chairman

BWS/ts



### Enclosures

cc: The Honorable Rick Perry, Governor of Texas

Mr. 

### Toby Baker, Office of Budget, Planning and Policy, Office of the Governor

.Mr. 

### MarkR. Vickery, P.G., Executive Director, Texas Commission on Environmental Quality

P.O. Box 13087 Austin, Texas 78711-3087 512-239-1000 Internet address:www.tceq.state.tx.us

'.' " 'dTexas Commission on Environmental Quality Public Hearings October 28 and 29. 2009

Concerning Revisions 

### to the HGB Eight-Hour Ozone Reasonable Further Progress SIP Project No. 2009-018-SIP-NRREVISION TO THE STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLAN FOR

THE CONTROL OF OZONE AIR POLLUTION

HOUSTON-GALVESTON-BRAZORIA 1997 EIGHT-HOUR

OZONE STANDARD NONATTAINMENT AREA

TCEQ

TEXAS COMMISSION ON ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY

P.O. BOX 13087 AUSTIN, TEXAS 78711-3087

Houston-Galveston-Brazoria Reasonable Further Progress State Implementation Plan Revision for th e1997 Eight-Hour Ozone Standard

PROJECT NO. 2009-018-SIP-NR

Adopted March 10, 2010HGB Reasonable Further Progress SIP Revisi on for the 1997 Eight-Hour Ozone Standard

ix LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendix Appendix Name

Appendix 1 HGB Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration Calculations Spreadsheet

Appendix 2 Development of Reasonable Further Progress Point Source Inventories

Appendix 3 Development of Reasonable Further Progress Area Source Inventories

Appendix 4 Development of Reasonable Further Progress Non-Road Mobile Source Emissions Inventories for Source Categories in the EPA’s NONROAD 2005

Model

Appendix 5 Development of Reasonable Further Progress Non-Road Mobile Source Emissions Inventories for Airports

Appendix 6 Development of Reasonable Further Progress Non-Road Mobile Source

Emissions Inventories for Locomotives

Appendix 7 Development of Reasonable Further Progress Non-Road Mobile Source

Emissions Inventories for Commercial Marine Vessels

Appendix 8 Development of Reasonable Further Progress Non-Road Mobile Source Emissions Inventories for Drilling Rigs

Appendix 9 Houston-Galveston-Brazoria 1997 Eight- Hour Ozone Nonattainment Area Reasonable Further Progress On-Road M obile Source Emissions InventoriesAPPENDIX 3



### DEVELOPMENT OF REASONA BLE FURTHER PROGRESS AREA

SOURCE INVENTORIES

### 1 Area Sources

Area sources are those sources that are considered to o small to be handled i ndividually in the point source emissions inventory. Although individuall y they are not considered significant emissions sources, collectively, as depicted as countywide totals, they are significant.

Area sources are divided into two basic groups characterized by the emission mechanism: 1) evaporative emissions, and 2) fuel combustion emissions. Sources of evaporative losses include gasoline service stations, solvent u se, as in dry cleaning, degreasing, surface coating operations, and leaking underground storage tanks. Fuel com bustion sources include stationary source fuel combustion in residences and commercial businesses, for est fires, structural fires, and solid waste disposal by burning. The EPA’s Consolidated Emissions Reporting Rule requires that the Periodic Emissions Inventory (PEI) include emissions of VOC, NO X , CO, PM 10 , PM 2.5 , SO 2 , and ammonia. The discussion of individual sources in this report includes a list of pollutants that apply to each category. In some cases certain pollutants were not calculated (e.g., ammonia). For these, the current EPA National Emissions Inventory (NEI) data will remain in place and shall be updated when information on these pollutants becomes available.

This document does not address some area source categories determined to be specific sources of particulate and ammonia emissions (e.g., unpaved roads, cattle feedlots). At this time, the existing emissions data for these sources, as they appear in the EPA NEI database, will remain in place and shall be updated when information on these pollutant s becomes available. The area source categories

discussed are assembled into the following headings:

Petroleum Marketing and Transportation Evaporative Solvent Use Painting Operations Stationary Source Fuel Combustion Waste Management Wildfires and Managed Burning

Development of the Toxics Emissions Inventory is al so required. The methods for the categories for

which toxic emissions were calculated are similar to the criteria pollutant methods using emission factors specific to each toxic.

Emissions Calculations Methodologies There are two approaches to the development of the area source emissions inventory. Specific categories have been updated using information and data that represent actual activities. Some of these categories benefit from contracted surveys that were completed during the past few years. Emissions from other categories were developed from a previous inventory to the current one using EPA’s EGAS growth factors. Specific methodologies for individual categories are provided on the following pages.

Seasonal Adjustment The seasonal adjustment used to indicate the percen tage of emissions that occur during the ozone (summertime) months is included in the documentation of each area source category. The adjustment is a multiplier of the calculated or estimated daily emissions. A factor of “one” indicates that the activity takes place at a constant rate throughout th e year. A factor of “1.25” indicates that the activity is 25 percent more prevalent during the ozone season months.

The “Days Per Week” also affects the daily emission rates. Basic estimated daily emissions are developed by dividing the annual emission rate by the number of days per year the category is thought to be in operation. Seven days per week re presents 365 days per year or continual operation. Six days (312 days per year) and five days ( 260 days per year) per week are the other assumed operating schedules and are used primarily for the commercial and industrial categories.

### 2 Rule Effectiveness Rules apply to some area source categories that will have an effect on the total emissions. For each category affected by a rule a Rule Effectiveness formul a is applied using percentages of three criteria. The Rule Effectiveness for affected categories will be shown as: RE = 80%, RP = 95%, CE = 95% at the end of each category description.

Rule Efficiency (RE) is the percentage of the effi ciency or actual total effectiveness of the rule’s controlling mechanism for reducing emissions. Rul es are not expected to be 100% efficient.

Rule Penetration (RP) is the percentage of a category’s population that is affected by the rule and its controls. Most rules exempt small sources and apply only to larger facilities within the affected geographic area or county. Rule Penetration indicates the percentage of a category to which the rule applies. An example is the Stage II rule requiring controls on gas station pumps for refueling vehicles that applies only to stations pumping a certain quantity of gas per a certain time period. In addition, the rule only applies to ozone nonattainment counties.

Control Efficiency (CE) is the percentage representi ng the actual efficiency of the control device or its ability to control emissions. Control devices are not expected to capture or prevent all emissions from a category.

Sources of Information

Data used in the calculation of emissions from area sources come from various documents. The following sources are discussed in the category descriptions that follow: U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) produces several documents used in emissions

calculations.

U. S. Census Bureau produces current and projected county population numbers used in

emissions calculations.

U. S. Census Bureau County Business Patterns provides numbers of employees in many significant area source categories for each county. Emission factors using numbers of employees are employed to calculate the emissions.

Emissions Inventory Improvement Program (E IIP) documents from EPA provide complete category descriptions and methods of emissi ons calculations. The EIIP methods are a primary source of emissions calculations.

EPA’s AP-42 is a compilation of emission factors for many area source categories.

EPA’s Economic Growth Analysis System (EGAS) provides growth factors to be used in growing emissions from one year to another.

EPA’s MOBILE6 model is used to develop emissions inventories of on-road mobile categories. It is also used in the calculati on of emissions from the refueling subcategory of emissions from gas stations.

Energy Information Administration (EIA) provides fuel use data on natural gas, liquid petroleum gas, coal, and other fuels used in residences and commercial and industrial

sources. The fuel use data is used in emissions calculations.

Quality Assurance Measures Quality assurance procedures for area source emissions rely mainly upon the quality of data used for each separate category. Data such as current popula tion figures, fuel usage, and material usage change annually. When possible, sources for this information are contacted during the inventory for updates. Current EPA documents are also obtained to keep abreast of chang es in emission factors.

### 3 Other routine efforts such as checking calculati ons for errors and c onducting reasonableness and completeness checks are implemented.

AREA SOURCE CATEGORIES, DESCRIPTIONS, AND METHODOLOGIES Petroleum Marketing and Transportation

Oil and Gas Production: Onshore

SCC: 2310001000

Pollutants: VOC, NO X , CO, PM 10 , PM 2.5 , SO 2 , Toxics, and Ammonia

Description: Emissions from Onshore Oil and Gas facilities are depicted as Exploration or Production activities. Exploration includes drilling rigs, well completions, venting and flaring of wells and fugitive emissions. Production activiti es include crude oil and condensate storage tanks, compressors, heaters, dehydrators, and fugitives.

Methodology: Actual oil and gas production data from the Texas Railroad Commission are used as activity data with surveys of equipment listed above to create profiles of oil and gas production sites. A calculator spreadsheet The EPA TANK 4.0 program was used to estimate tank emissions. Typical fugitive component counts for each production fi eld came from a survey conducted by ENVIRON Corp. for the 1999 PEI. Compressor emissions were estimated using the factor 205 hp/mmscf to yield the operating horsepower.

Recent contracted surveys of oil and gas exploration and production facilities have resulted in collecting actual activity data at these facilities. For cases in which relevant emissions were calculated from these surveys, emissions estim ated using the above method were replaced.

Activity Data Source: Actual oil and gas production statistics from Texas Railroad Commission surveys

Emission Factors Source: AP-42

Seasonal Adjustment: Factor = 1, seven days per week

Oil and Gas Production: Offshore

SCC: 2310002000

Pollutants: VOC, NO X , CO, PM 10 , PM 2.5 , SO 2 , Toxics, and Ammonia

Description: Offshore production platforms are established for pumping oil and gas from offshore wells to shore based facilities. The platforms incl uded here are within the state jurisdiction and are generally within three nautical miles from the co ast. Platforms are geographically located within blocks. Offshore Blocks comprise a grid system to identify parcels of submerged land for the Outer Continental Shelf. The blocks were created by the Office of Minerals Management Service of the U.S. Department of Interior and they have been carried over to state submerged lands as identified by

the Texas General Land Office and Texas Railroad Commission.

Methodology: The platforms were associated with specific county boundaries using a geographic information system (GIS) with gridlines representing the blocks. Actual natural gas throughput data were used to calculate compressor and dehydrator emissions.

Activity Data Source: Texas General Land Office for platform location; and Texas Railroad Commission for natural gas production statistics

Emission Factors Source: AP-42

### 4 Seasonal Adjustment: Factor = 1, seven days per week

Marine Loading

SCC: 2501000000

Pollutants: VOC, Toxics

Description: The marine cargo loading source category includes the loading and transportation of various types of petroleum-based products on ships and barges. Emissions were estimated for fuel loading, ballasting and transit activities.

Methodology: Commercial vessel product tonnages were obtained from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers’ Waterborne Commerce Statistics Center. Marine cargo loading emissions were estimated by combining commercial vessel tonnages with VOC emission factors. The petroleum product tonnages were reported for ship and barge loading, ballasting, and transit for 20 Texas ports. Product tonnages were assigned to five different fuel type classifications as follows: crude oil, gasoline, distillate oil, residual fuel, and jet naphtha. Product tonnages were then converted to product volumes based on the product density obtained from AP-42. VOC emissions were estimated from the converted product volumes using VOC emissions f actors in units of pounds of VOC per 1000 gallons transferred, ballasted, or transported. It is assume d that transit time in each port is limited to two days; the lbs/1000 gallons-week VOC transit emission factors were multiplied by (2/7) to account for this. The ballasting emission factors were multiplied by a factor of 0.3 to account for the practice of loading a ship or barge at some fraction of capac ity when ballasting. After VOC emissions were calculated, speciation profiles, obtained from the Houston Area Source Toxic Emissions (HASTE) inventory, were applied to calculate toxics emissions.

Activity Data Source: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers’ Waterborne Commerce Statistics Center

Emission Factors Source: EIIP, AP-42

Seasonal Adjustment: Factor = 1, seven days per week

Rule Effectiveness: RE = 99%, RP = 100%, CE = 90%

Gasoline Stations: Stage 1, Balanced Submerged Filling (Underground Tank)

SCC: 2501060053

Pollutants: VOC, Toxics

Description: VOC emissions at gas stations occur during the unloading of gasoline from tanker trucks to underground storage tanks (UST). Those VOC emissions are a result of the displacement of vapor in the UST by the liquid gas being unloaded in to the tanks. For ozone nonattainment counties, Stage 1 controls route the displaced VOC from the UST back into the tank truck. For counties not requiring the controls, the VOC is released to the atmosphere.

Methodology: The total statewide quantity of g asoline unloaded into the UST was generated by using gasoline tax data from the Texas Comptroller’s Office. Vehicle registration data by county from the Texas Department of Transportation were used to prorate the statewide quantity to

individual counties.

A general formula to estimate losses due to loading petroleum liquids is used as shown in the EPA AP-42, Fifth Edition, Section 5.2.2.1.1. Selected variables, specific to tank content in the area of study and seasonal weather data specific to the region , were used to produce unique emission factors. The emission factors generated were used to calculate the VOC emissions during underground tank

### 5 filling. Specific emission factors were develope d for filling USTs due to the product temperature variations experienced year-round an d varying Reid vapor pressures found in gasoline in the USTs in

Texas counties. Toxics emissions were cal culated using the same speciation profiles.

Recent contracted surveys of gasoline stations have resulted in the collection of actual throughput of gasoline at the stations. For cases in which releva nt emissions were calculated from these surveys, emissions estimated using the above method were replaced.

Activity Data Source: Texas Comptroller’s Office, and Texas Department of Transportation surveys

Emission Factors Source: AP-42

Seasonal Adjustment: Factor = 1, six days per week

Rule Effectiveness: RE = 80%, RP = 95%, CE = 95%

Gasoline Stations: Stage 2, Vehicle Refueling

SCC: 2501060100

Pollutants: VOC, Toxics

Description: This category concerns emissions from gasoline refueling of vehicles. Controls of vehicle refueling in the ozone nonattainment counties are required. These controls consist of vapor return systems at the pump and vehicle onboard canisters that collect displacement vapors from the gas tank during refueling.

Methodology: The total statewide quantity of the gasoline for vehicle refueling was generated by using gasoline tax data from the Texas Comptroller’s Office. Vehicle registration data by county from the Texas Department of Transportation was used to prorate the statewide quantity to individual counties. The on-road mobile model (MOBILE6) refueling emission factors for each county were applied to the gasoline quantities. Toxics emissions were calculated using the same speciation profile used for the 1999 Toxics inventory.

Recent contracted surveys of gasoline stations have resulted in collecting actual throughput of gasoline at the stations. For cases in which releva nt emissions were calculated from these surveys, emissions estimated using the above method were replaced.

Activity Data Source: Texas Comptroller’s Office, and Texas Department of Transportation surveys

Emission Factors Source: MOBILE6

Seasonal Adjustment: Factor = 1, seven days per week

Rule Effectiveness: RE = 80%, RP = 95%, CE = 95%

Gasoline Stations: Stage 2, Spillage

SCC: 2501060103

Pollutants: VOC, Toxics

Description: This category involves emissi ons resulting from the spillage of gasoline during refueling operations.

Methodology: The total statewide quantity of the gasoline for spillage was generated by using gasoline tax data from the Texas Comptroller’s Office. Vehicle registration data by county from the

### 6 Texas Department of Transportation was used to pr orate the statewide quantity to individual counties. MOBILE6 emission factors for each county were applie d to the gasoline quantities. Toxics emissions were calculated using the same speciation profile used for the1999 Toxics inventory.

Recent contracted surveys of gasoline stations have resulted in collecting actual throughput of gasoline at the stations. Where relevant emissi ons calculated from these surveys have replaced the

emissions estimated in the method discussed above.

Activity Data Source: Texas Comptroller’s Office, and Texas Department of Tran sportation

surveys

Emission Factors Source: MOBILE6

Seasonal Adjustment: Factor = 1, seven days per week

Gasoline Stations: Underground Tank (Breathing and Emptying)

SCC: 2501060201

Pollutants: VOC, Toxics

Description: These emissions result from the underground tank’s diurnal breathing losses and from refueling operations.

Methodology: The total statewide quantity of gaso line for tank breathing was generated by using gasoline tax data from the Texas Comptroller’s Office. Vehicle registration data by county from the Texas Department of Transportation was used to pror ate the statewide quantity to individual counties. The standard AP-42 emission factor was applied to the quantities of gasoline from each county. Toxics emissions were calculated using the same speciation profile used for the 1999 Toxics inventory.

Recent contracted surveys of gasoline stations have resulted in collecting actual throughput of gasoline at the stations. For cases in which releva nt emissions were calculated from these surveys, emissions estimated using the above method were replaced.

Activity Data Source: Texas Comptroller’s O ffice, and Texas Department of Transportation

Emission Factors Source: AP-42

Seasonal Adjustment: Factor = 1, seven days per week

Gasoline Stations: Tank Truck in Transit

SCC: 2505030120

Pollutants: VOC, Toxics

Description: This category involves the emissions from the tank trucks during delivery of gasoline to

stations.

Methodology: The total statewide quantity of the g asoline for tank trucks in transit was generated using gasoline tax data from the Texas Comptroller’s Office. Vehicle registration data by county from the Texas Department of Transportation were used to prorate the statewide quantity to individual counties. The standard AP-42 emission factor was applied to the quantities of gasoline from each county. To account for uncounted fugitiv es from the tank truck fuel loading operations, emissions were multiplied by 1.25. Toxics emissi ons were calculated using the same speciation profile used for the 1999 Toxics inventory.

### 7 Recent contracted surveys of gasoline stations have resulted in collecting actual throughput of gasoline at the stations. For cases in which releva nt emissions were calculated from these surveys, emissions estimated using the above method were replaced.

Activity Data Source: Texas Comptroller’s O ffice, and Texas Department of Transportation

Emission Factors Source: AP-42

Seasonal Adjustment: Factor = 1, six days per week

Rule Effectiveness: RE = 80%, RP = 95%, CE = 95%

Aircraft Refueling

SCC: 2275900000

Pollutants: VOC, NO X , CO, PM 10 , PM 2.5 , SO 2

Description: Aircraft refueling includes all types of fuels for major commercial aircraft

Methodology: The 1999 emissions inventory was developed using standard EPA emission factors with airport fuel data. The 1999 emissions were grown using the appropriate EPA EGAS growth

factors.

Activity Data Source: 1999 emissions inventory.

Emission Factors Source: Environmental Protection Agency

Seasonal Adjustment: Factor = 1, seven days per week

Leaking Underground Storage Tanks

SCC: 2660000000

Pollutants: VOC, Toxics

Description: Leaking underground storage tanks are those that have been uncovered and removed.

The disturbance of the saturated soil releases VOC emissions.

Methodology: Actual numbers of tanks removed are collected by agency mandate. The emission factor of 28 pounds of VOC per tank remediation pe r day, developed by Radian Corporation, was

used. Durations of emissions from the disturbed soil is assumed to be 30 days. Toxics emissions were calculated using the same speciation profile used for the Underground Tank (Breathing and Emptying) category.

Activity Data Source: Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, Petroleum Storage Tank

Division

Emission Factors Source: EIIP, Radian1999 methodology for EPA

Seasonal Adjustment: Factor = 1, seven days per week

Portable Gasoline Containers

SCC:

### 8 2501011011 PERMEATION: RESIDENTIAL

2501011012 EVAPORATION (DIURNAL): RESIDENTIAL

2501011013 SPILLAGE: TRANSPORT: RESIDENTIAL

2501011014 REFILLING: VAPOR DISPLACEMENT:

RESIDENTIAL

2501011015 REFILLING: SPILLAGE: RESIDENTIAL

2501012011 PERMEATION: COMMERCIAL

2501012012 EVAPORATION (DIURNAL): COMMERCIAL

2501012013 SPILLAGE: TRANSPORT: COMMERCIAL

2501012014 REFILLING: VAPOR DISPLACEMENT:

COMMERCIAL

2501012015 REFILLING: SPILLAGE: COMMERCIAL

Pollutants: VOC, Toxics

Description: These are the various portable gasoline containers used for refueling small engines such as on lawn and garden equipment a nd recreational boat engines. Emissions are separated into several categories: permeation, diurnal, spillage, transpor t, and vapor displacement. Emissions for this category are divided into residential and commercial sectors.

Methodology: Surveys were conducted for each sect or. Residential allocations for the gas can emissions are based on the study Current Populatio n Survey which provides population estimates for adults in the State of Texas. Additionally, resi dential gas can usage was ad justed by analyzing the number of single and duplex housing units obtaine d from the Texas State Data Center. Further stratification for emissions allocation used a list of lawn and garden businesses obtained from the Texas State Comptroller of Public Accounts. There are 7,797 lawn and garden commercial

businesses listed in Texas. Allocations for both residential and commercial were based upon these data sources and allocated at the county level. Toxics emissions were calculated using a speciation profile identical to the one used for Stage 2, Vehicle Refueling.

Activity Data Source: ERG study.

Emission Factors Source: Eastern Research Group, Inc. study

Seasonal Adjustment: Factor = 1, seven days per week

Evaporative Solvent Use

Bakeries

SCC: 2302050000

Pollutants: VOC Description: This category covers emissions from yeast leveling at commercial bakeries. The bakery dough produces primarily ethanol.

Methodology: The basic emissions inventory is de veloped using standard EPA emission factors with per capita county populations.

Activity Data Source: U. S. Cens us Bureau county level population data

### 9 Emission Factors Source: Environmental Protection Agency

Seasonal Adjustment: Factor = 1, seven days per week

Commercial Cooking Pollutants: VOC, CO, PM 10 , PM 2.5

Description: Four types of cooking methods ar e included: conveyorized charbroiling, under-fired charbroiling, flat griddle frying, clam shell griddle frying, and deep fat frying. The following meat types are included: hamburger, poultry, pork, seafood, st eak, and other. The thir d factor considered in the calculation is the restaurant category which incl udes: ethnic, family, fast food, seafood, and steak and barbeque.

Methodology: County level number of restaurant s by type is obtained from Dun & Bradstreet industry classification lists. Survey data depict th e average amount of equipment by equipment type and by restaurant type. The average weekly pounds of meat by meat type and equipment type is also

determined. These data are included in the mathem atical calculation that results in emissions by cooking method by county.

Activity Data Source: The Environmental Pr otection Agency National Emissions Inventory

Emission Factors Source: Environmental Protection Agency

Seasonal Adjustment: Factor = 1, seven days per week

Degreasing: Cold Cleaning

SCC: 2415300000

Pollutants: VOC

Description: These are small (non-point sour ce) degreasing operations that may have actual degreasing equipment with degreasing solvent in use or simple open cans of gasoline. Both are used to clean grease and other unwanted material from small metal parts.

Methodology: The emissions inventory is develope d using standard EPA emission factors with the North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS) per employee populations. The Census Bureau’s County Business Patterns documentation is the source for number of employees by NAICS.

Activity Data Source: County Business Patterns

Emission Factors Source: Environmental Protection Agency

Seasonal Adjustment: Factor = 1, six days per week

Rule Effectiveness: RE = 70%, RP = 100%, CE = 58%

Dry Cleaning

SCC: 2420000000

Pollutants: VOC, Toxics

Description: This category concerns the emissions of VOCs from petroleum solvents (mineral spirits) used in the dry cleaning of clothing. Alth ough perchloroethylene is the primary solvent used in cleaning, it is not an ozone precursor and, theref ore, it is not reported in the emissions inventory. Perchloroethylene is included in the toxics inventory.

### 10 Methodology: The emissions inventory is develope d using standard EPA emission factors with per capita county populations.

Activity Data Source: U.S. Census Bureau county level population data

Emission Factors Source: Environmental Protection Agency

Seasonal Adjustment: Factor = 1, five days per week

Rule Effectiveness: RE = 99%, RP = 90%, CE = 80%

Graphic Arts

SCC: 2425000000

Pollutants: VOC, Toxics

Description: This source consis ts of small (non-point source) graphic arts operations, including all various types of printing facilities.

Methodology: In 2001 statewide surveys were c onducted of small graphic arts facilities and data from these were compiled into an emissions inve ntory for 1999. The 1999 emissions were grown using the appropriate data from the U. S. Census Bureau’s County Business Patterns and EPA EGAS growth factors. Toxics emissions for six speci es were calculated using data from County Business Patterns and the 1999 ERG survey for the model facility.

Activity Data Source: The 1999 Emissions Inventory Survey

Emission Factors Source: Environmental Protection Agency

Seasonal Adjustment: Factor = 1, six days per week

Consumer/Commercial Products

SCC:

2460100000 All Personal Care Products

2460200000 All Household Products

2460500000 All Coatings and Related Products

2460400000 All Automotive Aftermarket Products

2460600000 All Adhesives and Sealants

2460800000 All FIFRA Related Products

2460900000 Misc Products (Not Otherwise Covered)

Pollutants: VOC, Toxics, and ammonia.

Description: Consumer products are chemically fo rmulated products used by individuals around the home, workshop, garden, and garage that may emit VOCs during use, consumption, storage, disposal, destruction or decomposition. Commercial products include those similar in nature to consumer products and may be used in va rious commercial, institutional, or industrial applications. These solvent-containing products are arranged into seven major consumer and commercial product categories.

### 11 Methodology: The 2002 consumer and commercial products inventory was based on 1997 California Air Resources Board (CARB) survey data by computing new per capita emission factors for the inventory from the 1997 CARB survey daily totals (tons per day) and the 1997 California population of 32,957,000 (State of California, De partment of Finance, 2000). These data were converted to a per capita emission factor (lbs/y ear/person). Emissions were calculated using projected Texas county populations from the stat e Comptrollers Office and per capita emissions factors. Toxics emissions were calculated using per capita emission factors for each toxic species and county level population. Air toxic emission fact ors for each of the seven consumer product

classifications were obtained from 1996 EIIP document.

Activity Data Source: Projected Texas county populations

Emission Factors Source: EIIP, Per capita emission factor (lbs/year/person)

Seasonal Adjustment: Factor = 1, seven days per week

Rule Effectiveness: RE = 99%, RP = 75%, CE = 56%

Asphalt Paving: Cutback and Emulsified

SCC:

2461021000 Cutback Asphalt

2461022000 Emulsified Asphalt

Pollutants: VOC, Toxics

Description: This category concerns the appli cation of all types of asphalt paving material on roadways and other paved surfaces.

Methodology: For calculating asphalt emissions, the total of asphalt cement (AC) and performance grade (PG) number of gallons was obtained from Tex as Department of Transportation (TxDOT). The total amount of solvent in tons was calculated by using the following formula:

Asphalt Mixture (gallons) * Asphalt Mixt ure Density (pound/gallon) (8.5 % solvent) = pounds of solvent emissions.

Emissions from each county were calculated based upon the dollar amount each county spent on roads and bridges, information tracked by the Te xas Comptroller. The following formula was used:

Tons of all solvent multiplied by percent of the dollar amount that each county spent on highway projects = total emissions (in tons) emitted.

The same calculations were used to calculate Asphalt Emulsions and Asphalt Cutbacks. TxDOT activity for paving represents about 60 percent of th e paving applications statewide. Based on this assumption, TxDOT asphalt activity is increased by 40 percent to estimate a statewide total. Toxics emissions were calculated from the VOC estimates by applying speciation profiles for three toxic pollutants. The profile used is identical to the one used for 1999 PEI.

Activity Data Source: Texas Department of Transportation, and Texas Comptroller’s Office

Emission Factors Source: AP-42

### 12 Seasonal Adjustment: Factor = 1.3, five days per week

Rule Effectiveness: Cutback Asphalt: RE = 80%, RP = 80%, CE = 65%

Pesticides

SCC: 2461800000

Pollutants: VOC

Description: VOCs are emitted from pesticides a nd herbicides that are used on six major crops grown in Texas. The chemicals used in the pesticides and herbicides have active and inactive ingredients that produce VOC emissions. After th e application of chemicals the VOCs are released into the atmosphere.

Methodology: Agricultural crop data for six major crops were selected and associated herbicides and pesticides used were also extracted from the Texas Agricultural Department. The chemicals used for each crop were identified, and the active and inactive data were also determined and used with the EPAs Emission Inventory Improvement Program (E IIP) methodology for calculating the emission

estimates. The emissions were determined as uncontro lled for all crops considered and all chemicals

used.

Activity Data Source: Texas Agricultural Department

Emission Factors Source: EIIP

Seasonal Adjustment: Factor = 1.3, seven days per week

Catastrophic/Accidental Releases

SCC: 2830000000

Pollutants: VOC

Description: This category represents accidental spills that release VOC emissions. These are not considered to be those “upsets” at major point sources.

Methodology: The 1999 emissions were grown usin g the appropriate EPA EGAS growth factors.

Activity Data Source: The 1999 Emissions Inventory

Emission Factors Source: EGAS

Seasonal Adjustment: Factor = 1, seven days per week

Coating (Painting) Operations Architectural Coatings

SCC: 22401001000

Pollutants: VOC, Toxics

Description: This category is specific to the painting of houses and structures.

Methodology: Emissions were estimated by first calculating per capita paint usage factors for both solvent- and water-based coatings using paint shipment data from U.S. Census and national population statistics. These per capita usage factor s were then multiplied by the county populations

### 13 to determine paint usage in Tex as. Average VOC contents for both kinds of paints and toxics speciation profiles were obtained from the EIIP, 1995.

National paint shipment data were obtained from the U.S. Census Bureau. National population

statistics were obtained from U.S. Census Bureau. Population statistics for Texas were obtained from the comptroller’s database. The estimated pe r capita solvent-based coating usage factor was 0.44 gal/person-year and water-based coating usag e factor was 2.05 gal/person-year. Average VOC contents of 3.87 lbs VOC per gallon of coating (solvent-based) and 0.74 lbs VOC per gallon of coating (water-based), as well as toxic speciation profiles, were obtained from inventory guidance developed by U.S. EPA. County-level population st atistics were used to allocate emissions to

individual counties. Toxics emissions were calcula ted by applying speciation profiles to the VOC

estimates.

Activity Data Source: U.S. Census Bureau

Emission Factors Source: Derived from EIIP

Seasonal Adjustment: Factor = 1.3, seven days per weekIndustrial Painting Operations

SCC Description Seasonal Factor Rule Effectiveness

2401005000 Auto Refinishing Factor = 1, five days per week. RE = 50%, RP = 100%,

CE = 32%

2401008000 Traffic Markings Factor = 1, seven days per

week. NA

2401015000 Factory Finished

Wood Factor = 1, five days per week. RE = 99%, RP = 75%,

CE = 56%

2401020000 Wood Furniture Factor = 1, five days per week. RE = 75%, RP = 20%,

CE = 75%

2401025000 Metal Furniture Factor = 1, five days per week. NA

2401030000 Paper Factor = 1, five days per week. NA

2401040000 Metal Cans Factor = 1, five days per week. RE = 99%, RP = 75%,

CE = 55%

2401045000 Metal Coils Factor = 1, five days per week. RE = 99%, RP = 75%,

CE = 56%

2401055000 Machinery & Equipment Factor = 1, five days per week. RE = 99%, RP = 75%,

CE = 57%

2401060000 Large Appliances Factor = 1, five days per week. NA

2401065000 Electronic &

Electrical Factor = 1, five days per week. NA

2401070000 Motor Vehicles Factor = 1, five days per week. NA

2401075000 Aircraft Factor = 1, five days per week. NA

2401080000 Marine Factor = 1, five days per week. NA

2401085000 Railroad Factor = 1, five days per week. NA

2401090000 Misc. Manufacturing Factor = 1, five days per week. NA

2401100000 Industrial

Maintenance Factor = 1, five days per week. NA

Pollutants: VOC, Toxics

Description: These operations include product finishes for original equipment and special purpose coatings not included in the point source inventor y. These coatings will be solvent-based and waterbased and may be applied by spray, brush, and roller.

Methodology: For the 1999 emissions inventor y, TCEQ conducted research on the amount of coatings used by each industry sector, and VOC c ontent data were obtained from the National Paint and Coatings Association. In addition, data for national shipments of coatings were obtained from the U.S. Department of Commerce. Emission factor s from these data were applied to the North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS) employee populations for each county. The 1999 emissions were grown using the appropriate EPA EGAS growth factors. Toxics emissions for Industrial maintenance coatings were gr own from 1999 using EGAS growth factors.



### 14

### 15 Activity Data Source: The 1999 Emissions Inventory

Emission Factors Source: EGAS

Stationary Source Fuel Combustion Stationary Source Fuel Combustion

SCC Description Seasonal Factor

2102005000 Industrial/Residual oil Factor = 1, six days per week.

2102006000 Industrial Natural Gas Factor = 1, six days per week.

2102007000 Industrial LPG Factor = 1, six days per week.

2103004000 Commercial/Institutional Distillate Oil Factor = 0.6, six days per week.

2103005000 Commercial/Institutional Residual Oil Factor = 0.6, six days per week.

2103006000 Commercial/Institutional Natural Gas Factor = 0.6, six days per week.

2103007000 Commercial/Institutional LPG Fact or = 0.6, six days per week.

2104001000 Residential Coal Factor = 1, seven days per week.

2104006000 Residential Natural Gas Factor = 0.3, seven days per

week.

2104007000 Residential LPG Factor = 0.3, seven days per

week.

2104008001 Wood: Fireplaces Factor = 0.3, seven days per

week.

2104008002 Fireplace Inserts/non-EPA certified Factor = 0.3, seven days per

week.

2104008003 Fireplace Inserts/non-catalytic/EPA

certified Factor = 0.3, seven days per

week.

2104008004 Fireplace Inserts/catalytic/EPA certified Factor = 0.3, seven days per

week.

2104008010 Woodstoves Factor = 0.3, seven days per

week.

2104008030 Catalytic Woodstoves Factor = 0.3, seven days per

week.

2104008050 Non-catalytic Woodstoves Factor = 0.3, seven days per

week.

Pollutants: VOC, NO X , CO, PM 10 , PM 2.5 , SO 2

Description: These categories include small sources of fuel combustion for: home heating, cooking, and water heating as well as commercial and industrial sources of heating. Various fuel types are included, although natural gas is the primary fuel used.

### 16 Methodology: Stationary fuel sources (industrial, co mmercial/institutional, residential) fuel use data were obtained from the Energy Information Administ ration (EIA). Fuel data were used with EPA

emissions factors to calculate emissions. U.S. Cens us Bureau data on county residences by fuel type and number of employees by county and by Industria l and Commercial SIC were used to prorate the EIA statewide data to the county level. Emissions from some categories come from the EPA inventory.

Activity Data Source: The EIA, and U.S. Census Bureau

Emission Factors Source: EIIP

Waste Management Yard Waste Burning

SCC:

2610000100 Yard Waste: Leaves

2610000400 Yard Waste: Brush

Pollutants: VOC, NO X , CO, PM 10 , PM 2.5 , SO 2

Description: This is the occasional burning of leaves and brush. Although not allowed in urban areas, this activity occurs in more rural areas. It is not a primary activity of the ozone season.

Methodology: The 1999 emissions were grown usin g the appropriate EPA EGAS growth factors.

Activity Data Source: The 1999 Emissions Inventory

Emission Factors Source: EGAS

Seasonal Adjustment: Factor = 0.3, seven days per week

Land Clearing Debris Burning

SCC: 2610000500

Pollutants: VOC, NO X , CO, PM 10 , PM 2.5 , SO 2

Description: This is the burning of vegetation from land clearing operations. It is mostly related to construction and agricultural operations , and it may occur year round.

Methodology: The 1999 emissions were grown usin g the appropriate EPA EGAS growth factors.

Activity Data Source: The 1999 emissions Inventory

Emission Factors Source: EGAS

Seasonal Adjustment: Factor = 1, seven days per week

Residential Household Waste Burning

SCC: 2610030000

Pollutants: VOC, NO X , CO, PM 10 , PM 2.5 , SO 2

Description: This is the occasional burning of household wastes. Although not allowed in urban areas, this activity occurs in more rural areas.

### 17 Methodology: The 1999 emissions were grown usin g the appropriate EPA EGAS growth factors.

Activity Data Source: The 1999 Emissions Inventory

Emission Factors Source: EGAS

Seasonal Adjustment: Factor = 1, seven days per week

Landfills

SCC: 2620030000

Pollutants: VOC, Toxics, ammonia

Description: Solid Waste Landfills primarily accep t household wastes. Over a period of time they produce emissions of primarily methane gas, but so me VOCs are emitted. In general, seven years from the date the landfill is opened, it begins to release methane and non-methane organic compounds (NMOC). It is assumed that the life of meth ane emissions from a landfill is about 30 years.

Methodology: The emissions estimation was based on the EPA LandGEM model. The time period

considered for this EI is from 1978 to 2002. The amount of waste generated for each of the years, 1978 to 2002, was computed and then plugged into the LandGEM model to determine the total NMOC (VOC) emissions per a year. Annual total municipal solid waste data from 1986 to 2002 was obtained from Municipal Solid Waste Division of the TCEQ. The waste collected from 1978 to 1985 was estimated using per capita waste generation factors for each year obtained from a linear regression analysis of the data from1986 to 2002 and the population data for the corresponding years.

The LandGEM model was used to estimate T oxics emissions from the municipal landfill.

Activity Data Source: Municipal Solid Waste Division, TCEQ

Emission Factors Source: LandGEM model

Seasonal Adjustment: Factor = 1, seven days per week

Rule Effectiveness: RE = 99%, RP = 95%, CE = 70%

Wastewater Treatment: Public Owned

SCC: 2630020000

Pollutants: VOC, Toxics, ammonia

Description: Publically owned waste water treatment facilities (POWT) are the municipal facilities

that treat waste water.

Methodology: The EPA guidance allows a default value of 1.1 x 10 -4 pounds of VOC per gallon of industrial wastewater discharged. Since discharge units are typically in million gallons per day, it follows that: (1.1 x 10 -4 ) (pounds of VOC per gallon of wastewater) x (1 x 10 6 ) (gallons per million gallons) = (110) (pounds of VOC em itted per million gallons of industrial wastewater). The result of this calculation provides an emission factor of 110 pounds of VOC emitte d per million gallons of industrial wastewater discharged to a POWT or package plant. This factor is recommended for estimating VOC emissions from POWTs and from package plants where measured emissions data are

not available.

### 18 The EPA-recommended default value is based on a total wastewater flow composed of 16 percent industrial wastewater. Therefore, for every 6.25 m illion gallons of wastewater discharged, 16%, or 1 million gallons of the discharge is considered industrial wastewater, which produces 110 lbs. VOC.

The data obtained from the EPA’s Cl ear Watershed Needs Survey report gives the discharge flow rate data in average million gallons per day (MGD) for each treatment facility. The facility information includes the county name that helps to obtain total wastewater discharge flow rate for each county. The seasonal adjustment factor for VOC for this cat egory is one, and treatme nt facilities operate all seven days in a week. So the average daily value was multiplied by 365 to obtain the annual discharge value for the county. The average daily discharge value was multiplied by 110 to obtain VOC emissions. Finally, this number was divided by 2000 to give the average VOC total in tons per year (TPY) per county. Total Toxics emissions fro m each county were calculated by multiplying the wastewater throughput by the influent concentrations of each Toxic and fraction emitted (Fe) factor.

Activity Data Source: Clear Watershed Needs Survey report of EPA for all municipal wastewater treatment facilities for the year 2000

Emission Factors Source: Derived from EPA, Publication No. EPA-450/491-016

Seasonal Adjustment: Factor = 1, seven days per week

Wildfires and Managed Burning Fires: Agricultural

SCC: 2801500000

Pollutants: VOC, NO X , CO, PM 10 , PM 2.5 , SO 2 , Toxics, ammonia

Description: These are fires used for various agricultural purposes such as land clearing, planting preparation, stubble burning, crop residue/waste burning, and burning of standing fields such as sugarcane. Very little activity takes place during the ozone season.

Methodology: Surveys of agricultural burning activ ities were conducted by the University of Texas at Austin in 1999 for the year 1997. Emissions we re calculated using these survey data. This is considered to be a significant improvement over subsequent projects using national data prorated to state and county levels. Since 1997 was considered to be an average year, data for that year are being submitted to represent year 2002 until further updates can be provided 9 . Toxics emissions were calculated by growing the 1999 EI using EGAS growth factors.

Activity Data Source: Inventory of Air Pollutant Emissions Associated with Forest, Grassland, and Agricultural Burning in Texas, University of Texas

Emission Factors Source: Derived from AP-42, EIIP

Seasonal Adjustment: Factor = 0.001, seven days per week

Fires: Wildfires

SCC: 2810001000

Pollutants: VOC, NO X , CO, PM 10 , PM 2.5 , SO 2 , Toxics, ammonia

Description: Wildfires are unwanted fires occurri ng in wildland areas. Their ignition is considered either accidental, malicious, or of natural origin.

Methodology: Technical guidance was available from a private contractor, E. H. Pechan and Associates, Inc., for this category using the Documentation for the 2002 Nonpoint Area Source

### 19 National Emission Inventory for Criteria and Hazardous Air Pollutants (January 2004 Version). This included emission factors for the majority of the criteria pollutants. The fuel consumption factor used was 3.5 tons per acre, and the State-Average Sm oldering Augmentation Factor was 0.058, both from the Table 2 of the Wildfire Fuel Consumption and Smoldering Augmentation Factors. Toxics emissions were calculated using appropriate em issions factors and the number of acres of land

burned.

Activity Data Source: Bureau of Land Management Fire History database

Emission Factors Source: E. H. Pechan and Associates, Inc.

Seasonal Adjustment: Factor = 1, seven days per week

Fires: Slash

SCC: 2810005000

Pollutants: VOC, NO X , CO, PM 10 , PM 2.5 , SO 2 , Toxics, ammonia

Description: These are planned fires of wild biomass residues resulting from timber harvesting practices and land clearing operations.

Methodology: Surveys of slash burning activities were conducted by the University of Texas at Austin in 1999 for the year 1997. Emissions were calculated using these survey data and are considered to be a significant improvement over subsequent projects that have relied on default national data prorated to state a nd county levels using surrogates. Since 1997 was considered to be an average year, data for that year are being submitte d to represent year 2002 until further updates can be provided. 9 Toxics emissions were calculated by growing the 1999 EI using EGAS growth factors.

Activity Data Source: Inventory of Air Pollutant Emissions Associated with Forest, Grassland, and Agricultural Burning in Texas, University of Texas

Emission Factors Source: Derived from AP-42, EIIP

Seasonal Adjustment: Factor = 1, seven days per week

Fires: Prescribed Forestland

SCC: 2810015000

Pollutants: VOC, NO X , CO, PM 10 , PM 2.5 , SO 2 , Toxics, ammonia

Description: Prescribed forestland fires are planned management fires used to control forest/understory, excluding slash burning. Very little activity takes place during the ozone season.

Methodology: Surveys of prescribed forestland bur ning activities were conducted by the University of Texas at Austin in 1999 for the year 1997. Em issions were calculated using these survey data and are considered to be a significant improvement ove r subsequent projects that have relied on default national data prorated to state a nd county levels using surrogates. Since 1997 was considered to be an average year, data for that year are being submitte d to represent year 2002 until further updates can be provided 9 . Toxics emissions were calculated by growing the 1999 EI using EGAS growth factors.

Activity Data Source: Inventory of Air Pollutant Emissions Associat ed with Forest, Grassland, and Agricultural Burning in Texas, University of Texas

Emission Factors Source: Derived from AP-42, EIIP

### 20 Seasonal Adjustment: Factor = 0.001, seven days per week

Fires: Prescribed Rangeland

SCC: 2810020000

Pollutants: VOC, NO X , CO, PM 10 , PM 2.5 , SO 2 , Toxics, ammonia

Description: Prescribed rangeland fires are pla nned management fires used to control range and grasslands, excluding slash burning. Very little activity takes place during the ozone season.

Methodology: Surveys of prescribed rangeland burn ing activities were conducted by the University of Texas at Austin in 1999 for the year 1997. Em issions were calculated using these survey data and are considered to be a significant improvement ove r subsequent projects that have relied on default national data prorated to state a nd county levels using surrogates. Since 1997 was considered to be an average year, data for that year are being submitte d to represent year 2002 until further updates can be provided 9 . Toxics emissions were calculated by growing the 1999 EI using EGAS growth factors.

Activity Data Source: Inventory of Air Pollutant Emissions Associat ed with Forest, Grassland, and Agricultural Burning in Texas, University of Texas

Emission Factors Source: Derived from AP-42, EIIP

Seasonal Adjustment: Factor = 0.001, seven days per week

Fires: Structural

SCC: 2810030000

Pollutants: VOC, NO X , CO, PM 10 , PM 2.5 , SO 2 , Toxics, ammonia

Description: Structural fires are those fires of houses and buildings. Their ignition is considered either accidental, malicious, or of natural origin.

Methodology: Technical guidance was available from EIIP volume III for the category. This included emission factors for the majority of the criteria pollutants. PM2.5 was derived by multiplying 0.91 against the PM10 emissions per instructions from the EIIP TechReport Vol. 9. The fuel loading factor used was the de fault loading factor from EIIP, which is 1.15 tons per fire. Toxics emissions were grown from the 1999 EI using EGAS growth factors.

Activity Data Source: Texas State Fire Marshal Office

Emission Factors Source: EIIP, AP-42

Seasonal Adjustment: Factor = 1, seven days per week

Fires: Automobiles

SCC: 2810050000

Pollutants: VOC, NO X , CO, PM 10 , PM 2.5 , SO 2

Description: Automobile fires are fires associ ated with highway vehicles. Their ignition is considered accidental, malicious, or of natural origin.

Methodology: Technical guidance was available from EIIP volume III for the category. This included emission factors for the majority of the crite ria pollutants. The fuel loading factor used was

### 21 the default loading factor from EIIP, which is 0.25 tons of material that can burn in a fire, based on the average weight of a vehicle being approximately 3,700 lbs.

Activity Data Source: Texas State Fire Marshal Office

Emission Factors Source: EIIP, AP-42

Seasonal Adjustment: Factor = 1, seven days per week