FI LED U. S . COURT OF AP PE ALS E L E V E N T H C IR C U IT M ar c h 4, 2008 T HOM AS K. KAHN CL E RK [ DO NO T P UB L I S H] I N THE UN I TE D STATE S C OU RT OF APPE ALS F O R T H E E L E V E N T H C IR C U IT

________________________ N o. 07- 12796 N on -A rgum entC al endar

________________________ D . C . D o c k e tN o . 0 7 - 1 4 0 2 1 - C R - K MM U N I T E D S T A T E S O F A M E R I C A , P la in tif f - A p p e lle e , v ersu s K R I S T I N A H O P E B E R G G R E N , D e f e n d a n t- A p p e lla n t.

________________________ A pp ea l fr om the U ni t ed S t at es D i stri ctC ou rt f orthe S outhe rn D i s tr i c tof F l or i da

_________________________ ( M ar c h 4, 2008) B efo re C A RN E S , B A R K E T T an d P R Y O R , C i rcu i tJu d g es. P E R C U R I A M: K r i s t i na B e r ggr e n appe a l s he rs e nt e nc e of 168 m onths of

i m pr i s onm e ntf

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he rthr e e drug c r i m e s . S he a l l e ge s tha the rs e nt e nc e a tthe l ow - e nd of the g u i d e l i n e s r a n g e i s u n r e a s o n ab l e . W e a f f i r m. I . B AC KG RO UN D T he S heri ff

of Indi an R i ver C ou nty began t o i nv es t i gat e B er gg re n aft era c onf i de nt i a l i nf

or m a ntof

f e r e d t o pur c ha s e l a r ge a m ount s of c r a c k c oc a i ne f

r om B er gg re n and her boyfr i end, R ob ertK et chl edge. A n i nform antm ade acontrol l ed pu rc hase of $2 00 of cr ac k cocai ne atB er gg re n’ s hom e. L aw enforce m entob t ai ned a s ea rc h w arra ntthatsa m e day , bu tdel ay ed execut i on of the w arra ntun t i l af t eran unde r c ove rof

f i c e ra nd the i nf

or m a ntm a de a s e c ond pur c ha s e of c r a c k c oc a i ne f r om B e r ggr e n i n a pa r ki ng l oti n V e r o B e a c h. B e r g g r e n w a s a rr e s te d la te rw h e n h e rtru c k w a s p u lle d o v e rf o rs p e e d in g . W hen o ff

i ce rs se ar ched the truck, they di sc ov er ed $1 85 fr om the cont rol l ed bu y a t B er gg re n’ s hou se and the $3 00 pai d t o B er gg re n i n the parki ng l ot . B er gg re n w as to ld ab o u t th e s e a r c h w a rr a n t f o rh e rh o m e a n d w a iv e d h e rM ir a n d a r ig h ts . B erg g ren t o l d o ffi cers th atK et ch l ed g e w as i n th e m ast er b ed ro o m o f h er h o u se w i th a pi st ol hi dd en un der the m attre ss of the bed and K et chl edge coul d o bserve an offi ce r app roac h the ho use throu gh a vi deo survei l l ance sy st em . B er gg re n then a c c o m p a n ie d o f

f ic e r s to h e rh o u s e , w h e r e th e y e x e c u te d th e s e a r c h w a rr a n t. W hen o ff

i ce rs ent er ed the m as t erbedroo m , they observed crac k cocai ne,3

drug pi pes, and the hand l e of api st ol protrudi ng fr om the m attre ss . T he offi ce rs se ar ched a s m al l sa fe i nsi de the room and d i sc ov er ed 17 1. 6 g ra m s of c ra ck cocai ne, a s m a l l a m ountof

m a r i j ua na , a nd a di gi t a l s c a l e . T he of f i c e r s a l s o f

ound a . 12 gaug e s ho t gu n w i th o ne roun d o f a m m un i t i on thatl ea ned agai nstthe sa fe besi de a s e c ond s hot gun l oa de d w i th thr e e r ounds of a m m uni t i on. W hi l e i ns i de the b e d r o o m, o f

f i c e r s d i s c o v e r e d a n a d d i t i o n a l 5 . 8 g r a ms o f c r a c k c o c a i n e , 2 1 . 5 g r a ms of m e tha m phe t a m i ne , a s m a l l a m ountof pow de rc oc a i ne , a nd 15 t abl e t s of hydrocod on e. B e r ggr e n w a s c ha r ge d i n thr e e c ount s of a f our - c ounti ndi c tm e ntf

or conspi ra cy t o p osse ss w i th i nt entt o d i stri bu t e 50 g ra m s or m ore of c ocai ne base , p o s s e s s io n o f

5 0 g r a m s o rm o r e o f

c o c a in e b a s e , a n d p o s s e s s io n w ith in te n t to d is tr ib u te a s u b s ta n c e c o n ta in in g m e th a m p h e ta m in e . 2 1 U .S .C . § § 8 4 1 ( a ) ( 1 ) , 8 4 6 . B e r ggr e n e nt e r e d a bl i nd pl e a of gui l ty t o a l l thr e e c ount s . T he m a gi s tr a t e j udge e xpl a i ne d t o B e r ggr e n dur i ng the gui l ty pl e a c ol l oquy tha tthe s e nt e nc i ng gui de l i ne s w e r e a dvi s ory a nd the di s tr i c tc our tc oul d i m pos e a s e nt e nc e above or b e lo w th e g u id e lin e s r a n g e u p to th e s ta tu to ry m a x im u m o f lif e im p r is o n m e n t. T he pres ent ence i nv es t i gat i on re po rtprov i ded a se nt enci ng ra ng e betw ee n 168 a nd 210 m onths of

i m pr i s onm e nt . B e r ggr e n ur ge d the c our tt o va ry f r om the gui de l i ne r a nge a nd i m pos e the s t a tut ory m i ni m um s e nt e nc e of 120 m onths of4

i m pr i s onm e nt . T he di s tr i c tc our t“ c ons i de r e d the s t a t e m e nt s of a l l pa r t i e s , the pres ent ence re po rtw hi ch cont ai n[ed] the advi sory gu i del i nes[ , ] and the st atut ory f a c t or s ” a nd s e nt e nc e d B e r ggr e n t o s e r ve thr e e c onc urr e ntt e r m s of 168 m onths of i m p ri so n m en tfo l l o w ed b y a t erm o f su p erv i sed rel ease o f 5 years. I I . STA N D A R D O F R EVI EW W e r e vi e w the f

i na l s e nt e nc e i m pos e d by the di s tr i c tc our tf or r e a s o n ab le n e s s . U n ite d S ta te s v . W in in g e a r , 4 2 2 F .3 d 1 2 4 1 , 1 2 4 4 ( 1 1 th C ir . 2 0 0 5 ) . R e vi e w f orr e a s onabl e ne s s i s a de f e r e nt i a l s t a nda r d of

r e vi e w f orabus e of d is c r e tio n . G a ll v . U n ite d S ta te s , 1 2 8 S . C t. 5 8 6 , 5 9 7 ( 2 0 0 7 ) . I I I . DI S CUS S I ON B er gg re n p re se nt s tw o argum ent s abo uther s ent ence . F i rs t , B er gg re n cont ends thatthe di stri ctcourtdi d n otconsi der the re l evantst atut ory f ac t ors f or her s e nt e nc i ng. 28 U . S . C . § 3553( a ) . S e c ond, B e r ggr e n a l l e ge s f orthe f i r s tt i m e on appe a l tha tthe di s tr i c tc our tdi d notc ons i de rthe di s pa r i ty be tw e e n the s e nt e nc i ng ra ng es for off

ense s i nv ol vi ng cr ac k and po w der c ocai ne w hen i tdet erm i ned h er s e n te n c e . T h e s e a r g u m e n ts f a il. T he r e c or d c ontr a di c t s B e r ggr e n’ s f i r s ta r gum e nttha tthe j udge di d not consi der the se nt enci ng fa ct ors of s ec t i on 35 53 (a ). T he j ud ge st at ed thathe base d hi s de c i s i on on “ the s t a t e m e nt s of a l l pa r t i e s , the pr e s e nt e nc e r e por tw hi c h c ont a i ns5

the advi sory gu i del i nes[ , ] and the st atut ory f ac t ors. ” A l tho ug h the di stri ctcourt m ustconsi der the fa ct ors i n sec t i on 35 53 , the courti s notre qu i re d t o d i sc uss e ac h f a c to r . U n ite d S ta te s v . T a lle y , 4 3 1 F .3 d 7 8 4 , 7 8 6 ( 1 1 th C ir . 2 0 0 5 ) . A n e x p lic it a c k n o w le d g m e n t th a t th e d is tr ic t c o u r t h a s c o n s id e r e d th e d e f e n d a n t’s a r g u m e n ts a nd the s e c t i on 3553 f

a c t or s i s s uf

f i c i e nt . U ni t e d S t a t e s v. S c ott , 426 F . 3d 1324, 13 29 –3 0 (11 th C i r. 20 05 ). T he di stri ctcourtdi d n oterr. B e r ggr e n’ s s e c ond a r gum e nta l s o f a i l s . I n K i m br ough v. U ni t e d S t a t e s , the S up re m e C ou rtexpl ai ned thata di stri ctcourt“ m ay consi der the di spar i ty betw ee n the G ui de l i ne s tr e a tm e ntof c r a c k a nd pow de rc oc a i ne of f e ns e s , ” nottha ti tm us tdo s o . 1 2 8 S . C t. 5 5 8 , 5 6 4 ( 2 0 0 7 ) ( e m p h a s is a d d e d ) . T h e d is tr ic t c o u r t s ta te d th a t it kn ew thati thad “ di sc re t i on t o sent ence ou t si de the gu i del i nes and [t o] i m po se a r e a s onabl e s e nt e nc e ba s e d on c ons i de r a t i on of the s t a tut ory f

a c t or s [ , ] ” butthe di s tr i c tc our tc hos e t o i m pos e a s e nt e nc e “ a tthe bott om of the a dvi s ory gui de l i ne r a nge . . . t o de t e r[ B e r ggr e n] f r om f ur the rc r i m i na l c onduc t . ” B e c a us e “ [ t ] he c oc a i ne G ui de l i ne s , l i ke a l l othe rG ui de l i ne s , a r e a dvi s ory onl y , ” K i m br ough, 128 S . C t . a t564, the di s tr i c tc our ta c t e d w i thi n i t s di s c r e t i on t o de t e r m i ne tha ta w i thi nG u id e lin e s s e n te n c e s e r v e d th e o b je c tiv e s o f

s e n te n c in g u n d e rs e c tio n 3 5 5 3 ( a ) . N othi ng i n e i the rthe de c i s i on of the S upr e m e C our ti n K i m br ough orour p r e c e d e n ts o b lig e d th e d is tr ic t c o u r t to d is c u s s th e p o w d e r - c r a c k d is p a r ity .6

“ [T ] here i s ara ng e of r ea sonabl e s ent ence s f rom w hi ch a di stri ctcourtm ay ch o o se, ” an d th e b u rd en fal l s o n th e p arty w h o ch al l en g es th e sen t en ce t o est ab l i sh tha ti ti s “ unr e a s onabl e i n the l i ghtof both [ the ] r e c or d a nd the f a c t or s i n s e c t i on 35 53 (a ). ” T al l ey , 43 1 F . 3d at78 8. B er gg re n h as fa i l ed t o est abl i sh thather se nt ence atthe l ow -e nd of the gu i del i nes r ange i s unrea sonabl e. I V . CONCL US I ON B erg g ren ’ s sen t en ce i s AF F I RME D.