# Concentration Ratios in Manufacturing

1997 Economic Census Manufacturing Subject Series 

# 1997 Issued June 2001 EC97M31S-CR



### U.S. Department of Commerce Economics and Statistics Administration U.S. CENSUS BUREAU

## The staff of the Manufacturing and Construction Division prepared this report. Judy M. Dodds, Assistant Chief for Census and Related Programs, was responsible for the overall planning, management, and coordination. Robert Reinard, Chief, Consumer Goods Industries Branch, assisted by Suzanne Conard, Kaylene Hanks, and Robert Miller, Section Chiefs, Kenneth Hansen, Chief, Investment Goods Industries Branch, assisted by Mike Brown, Raphael Corrado, and Milbren Thomas, Section Chiefs, Nathaniel Shelton, Chief, Primary Goods Industries Branch, assisted by Renee Coley, Allen Foreman, and Joanna Nguyen, Section Chiefs, and TomLee, Robert Rosati, and TomFlood, Special Assistants, performed the planning and implementation. Stephanie Angel, Brian Appert, StanisBatton, Carol Beasley, Chris Blackburn, Larry Blumberg, Vera HarrisBourne, Dana Brooks, Phillip Brown, Brenda Campbell, Vance Davis, Mary Ellickson, Matt Gaines, Merry Glascoe, Karen Harshbarger, Nancy Higgins, James Hinckley, Walter Hunter, Jim Jamski, Evelyn Jordan, Jacqueline Keller, Marc Klein, Robert Lee, John Linehan, Paul Marck, Keith McKenzie, Philippe Morris, Betty Pannell, JoycePomeroy, Cynthia Ramsey, Chris Savage, Aronda Stovall, Sue Sundermann,Michael Taylor, Thanos Theodoropoulos, Dora Thomas, Ann Truffa, Ronanne Vinson, Keeley Voor, Denneth Wallace, Tempie Whittington, Lissene Witt, Phillip Woods, and Mike Yamaner provided primary staff assistance. Brian Greenberg, Assistant Chief for Research and Methodology Programs, assisted by Stacey Cole, Chief, Manufacturing Programs Methodology Branch, and Robert Struble, Section Chief, providedthe mathematical and statistical techniques as well as the coverage operations. Jeffrey Dalzell and Cathy Ritenour provided primary staff assistance. Mendel D. Gayle, Chief, Forms, Publications, and Customer Services Branch, assisted by Julius Smith Jr. and Baruti Taylor, Section Chiefs, performed overall coordination of the publication process. KimCredito, Patrick Duck, Chip Murph, Wanda Sledd, and Veronica White provided primary staff assistance. The Economic Planning and Coordination Division, Lawrence A. Blum, Assistant Chief for Collection Activities and Shirin A. Ahmed, Assistant Chief for PostCollection Processing, assisted by Dennis Shoemaker, Chief, Post-Collection Census Processing Branch, Brandy Yarbrough, Section Chief, Sheila Proudfoot, Richard Williamson, Keith Fuller, Andrew W. Hait, and Jennifer E. Lins, was responsible for developing the systems and procedures for data collection, editing, review, correction, and dissemination The staff of the National Processing Center, Judith N. Petty, Chief, performed mailout preparation and receipt operations, clericaland analytical review activities, data keying, and geocoding review. The Geography Division staff developedgeographic coding procedures and associated computer programs.The Economic Statistical Methods and Programming Division, Charles P. Pautler Jr., Chief, developed and coordinated the computer processing systems. Martin S. Harahush, Assistant Chief for Quinquennial Programs, assisted by Barbara Lambert and Lisa Draper were responsiblefor design and implementation of the computer systems. Gary T. Sheridan, Chief, Manufacturing and Construction Branch, Lori A. Guido and Roy A. Smith , Section Chiefs, supervised the preparation of the computer programs. Computer Services Division, Debra Williams, Chief, performed the computer processing. KimD. Ottenstein and Cynthia G. Brooks of the Administrative and Customer Services Division, Walter C. Odom , Chief, provided publications and printingmanagement, graphics design and composition, and editorial review for print and electronic media. General direction and production management were provided by Michael G. Garland , Assistant Chief, and Gary J. Lauffer , Chief, Publications Services Branch. 

## ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

# Concentration Ratios in Manufacturing

1997 Economic Census Manufacturing Subject Series 

# 1997 Issued June 2001 EC97M31S-CR



# U.S. Department of Commerce Donald L. Evans, Secretary Economics and Statistics Administration J. Lee Price, Acting Under Secretary for Economic Affairs U.S. CENSUS BUREAU William G. Barron, Jr., Acting Director

## Vacant, Principal Associate Director for Programs Frederick T. Knickerbocker, Associate Director for Economic Programs Thomas L. Mesenbourg, Assistant Director for Economic Programs William G. Bostic, Jr., Chief, Manufacturing and Construction Division ECONOMICS AND STATISTICS ADMINISTRATION 

## Economics and Statistics Administration J. Lee Price, Acting Under Secretary for Economic Affairs

U.S. CENSUS BUREAU William G. Barron, Jr., Acting Director William G. Barron, Jr., Deputy Director

# CONTENTS

Introduction to the Economic Census 1 ............................. Manufacturing 5 ................................................. TABLES 1. Share of Industry Statistics for Companies Ranked by Value Added: 1997 7 ........................................... 2. Share of Value of Shipments Accounted for by the 4, 8, 20, and 50 Largest Companies in Each of the 3~ , 4~ , 5~ , and 6~ Digit NAICS Industries: 1997 7 .................................. 3. Share of Value Added Accounted for by the 4, 8, 20, and 50 Largest Companies in Each of the 3~ , 4~ , 5~ , and 6~ Digit NAICS Industries: 1997 18 ........................................ APPENDIXES A. Explanation of Terms A–1 ..................................... B. NAICS Codes, Titles, and Descriptions ~~ ...................... C. Coverage and Methodology C–1 ................................ D. Geographic Notes ~~ ........................................ E. Metropolitan Areas ~~ .......................................

~~ Not applicable for this report.



# MANUFACTURING

m SUBJECT SERIES iii U.S. Census Bureau

# Introduction to the Economic Census

PURPOSES AND USES OF THE ECONOMIC CENSUS The economic census is the major source of facts about the structure and functioning of the Nation’s economy. It provides essential information for government, business, industry, and the general public. Title 13 of the UnitedStates Code (Sections 131, 191, and 224) directs the Census Bureau to take the economic census every 5 years, covering years ending in 2 and 7. The economic census furnishes an important part of the framework for such composite measures as the grossdomestic product estimates, input/output measures, production and price indexes, and other statistical series thatmeasure short-term changes in economic conditions. Specific uses of economic census data include the following: • Policymaking agencies of the Federal Government use

the data to monitor economic activity and assess the effectiveness of policies. • State and local governments use the data to assess

business activities and tax bases within their jurisdictions and to develop programs to attract business.• Trade associations study trends in their own and competing industries, which allows them to keep their members informed of market changes. • Individual businesses use the data to locate potential

markets and to analyze their own production and sales performance relative to industry or area averages. ALL-NEW INDUSTRY CLASSIFICATIONSData from the 1997 Economic Census are published primarily on the basis of the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), unlike earlier censuses, whichwere published according to the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. NAICS is in the process of being adopted in the United States, Canada, and Mexico. Most economic census reports cover one of the following NAICS sectors: 21 Mining 22 Utilities 23 Construction 31-33 Manufacturing 42 Wholesale Trade 44-45 Retail Trade 48-49 Transportation and Warehousing 51 Information 52 Finance and Insurance 53 Real Estate and Rental and Leasing 54 Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services 55 Management of Companies and Enterprises 56 Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services 61 Educational Services 62 Health Care and Social Assistance 71 Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation 72 Accommodation and Foodservices 81 Other Services (except Public Administration) (Not listed above are the Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting sector (NAICS 11), partially covered by the censusof agriculture conducted by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, and the Public Administration sector (NAICS 92), covered by the census of governments conducted by the Census Bureau.) The 20 NAICS sectors are subdivided into 96 subsectors (three-digit codes), 313 industry groups (four-digit codes), and, as implemented in the United States, 1170 industries (five- and six-digit codes). RELATIONSHIP TO SICWhile many of the individual NAICS industries correspond directly to industries as defined under the SIC system, most of the higher level groupings do not. Particular care should be taken in comparing data for retail trade, wholesale trade, and manufacturing, which are sectortitles used in both NAICS and SIC, but cover somewhat different groups of industries. The industry definitions discuss the relationships between NAICS and SIC industries. Where changes are significant, it will not be possible to construct time series that include data for points both before and after 1997.For 1997, data for auxiliary establishments (those functioning primarily to manage, service, or support the activities of their company’s operating establishments, such as a central administrative office or warehouse) will not be included in the sector-specific reports. These data will be published separately. GEOGRAPHIC AREA CODING Accurate and complete information on the physical location of each establishment is required to tabulate thecensus data for the states, metropolitan areas (MAs), counties, parishes, and corporate municipalities including cities, towns, villages, and boroughs. Respondents were INTRODUCTION 1 1997 ECONOMIC CENSUS U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census

## required to report their physical location (street address, municipality, county, and state) if it differed from their mailing address. For establishments not surveyed by mail (and those single-establishment companies that did notprovide acceptable information on physical location), location information from Internal Revenue Service tax forms is used as a basis for coding. BASIS OF REPORTING The economic census is conducted on an establishment basis. A company operating at more than one location is required to file a separate report for each store, factory, shop, or other location. Each establishment is assigned aseparate industry classification based on its primary activity and not that of its parent company. DOLLAR VALUESAll dollar values presented are expressed in current dollars; i.e., 1997 data are expressed in 1997 dollars, and 1992 data, in 1992 dollars. Consequently, when making comparisons with prior years, users of the data should consider the changes in prices that have occurred. All dollar values are shown in thousands of dollars. AVAILABILITY OF ADDITIONAL DATA Reports in Print and Electronic Media All results of the 1997 Economic Census are available on the Census Bureau Internet site (www.census.gov) and on compact discs (CD-ROM) for sale by the Census Bureau. Unlike previous censuses, only selected highlights arepublished in printed reports. For more information, including a description of electronic and printed reports being issued, see the Internet site, or write to U.S. Census Bureau, Washington, DC 20233-8300, or call Customer Services at 301-457-4100. Special TabulationsSpecial tabulations of data collected in the 1997 Economic Census may be obtained, depending on availability of time and personnel, in electronic or tabular form. Thedata will be summaries subject to the same rules prohibiting disclosure of confidential information (including name, address, kind of business, or other data for individual business establishments or companies) that govern the regular publications. Special tabulations are prepared on a cost basis. A request for a cost estimate, as well as exact specifications on the type and format of the data to be provided, should be directed to the Chief of the division named below, U.S. Census Bureau, Washington, DC 20233-8300. To discuss a special tabulation before submitting specifications, call the appropriate division: Manufacturing and Construction Division 301-457-4673 Service Sector Statistics Division 301-457-2668 HISTORICAL INFORMATION The economic census has been taken as an integrated program at 5-year intervals since 1967 and before that for1954, 1958, and 1963. Prior to that time, individual components of the economic census were taken separately at varying intervals. The economic census traces its beginnings to the 1810 Decennial Census, when questions on manufacturing were included with those for population. Coverage of economic activities was expanded for the 1840 Decennial Census and subsequent censuses to include mining and some commercial activities. The 1905 Manufactures Census was the first time a census was taken apart from the regular decennial population census. Censuses covering retail and wholesale trade and construction industries were added in1930, as were some covering service trades in 1933. Censuses of construction, manufacturing, and the other business service censuses were suspended during World War II. The 1954 Economic Census was the first census to be fully integrated: providing comparable census data acrosseconomic sectors, using consistent time periods, concepts, definitions, classifications, and reporting units. It was the first census to be taken by mail, using lists offirms provided by the administrative records of other Federal agencies. Since 1963, administrative records also have been used to provide basic statistics for very smallfirms, reducing or eliminating the need to send them census questionnaires.The range of industries covered in the economic censuses expanded between 1967 and 1992. The census of construction industries began on a regular basis in 1967, and the scope of service industries, introduced in 1933, was broadened in 1967, 1977, and 1987. While a few transportation industries were covered as early as 1963, it was not until 1992 that the census broadened to include all of transportation, communications, and utilities. Also new for 1992 was coverage of financial, insurance, and real estate industries. With these additions, the economiccensus and the separate census of governments and census of agriculture collectively covered roughly 98 percent of all economic activity. Printed statistical reports from the 1992 and earliercensuses provide historical figures for the study of longterm time series and are available in some large libraries.All of the census reports printed since 1967 are still available for sale on microfiche from the Census Bureau.CD-ROMs issued from the 1987 and 1992 Economic Censuses contain databases including nearly all data published in print, plus additional statistics, such as ZIP Code statistics, published only on CD-ROM. 2 INTRODUCTION 1997 ECONOMIC CENSUS U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census

## SOURCES FOR MORE INFORMATIONMore information about the scope, coverage, classification system, data items, and publications for each of the economic censuses and related surveys is published in the Guide to the 1997 Economic Census and Related Statistics at www.census.gov/econguide. More information on the methodology, procedures, and history of the censuses will be published in the History of the 1997 Economic Census at www.census.gov/econ/www/history.html. ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS The following abbreviations and symbols are used with the 1997 Economic Census data: A Standard error of 100 percent or more. D Withheld to avoid disclosing data of individual companies; data are included in higher level totals. F Exceeds 100 percent because data includeestablishments with payroll exceeding revenue. N Not available or not comparable. Q Revenue not collected at this level of detail for multiestablishment firms. S Withheld because estimates did not meet publication standards. V Represents less than 50 vehicles or .05 percent. X Not applicable. Y Disclosure withheld because of insufficient coverage of merchandise lines. Z Less than half the unit shown. a 0 to 19 employees. b 20 to 99 employees. c 100 to 249 employees. e 250 to 499 employees. f 500 to 999 employees. g 1,000 to 2,499 employees. h 2,500 to 4,999 employees. i 5,000 to 9,999 employees. j 10,000 to 24,999 employees. k 25,000 to 49,999 employees. l 50,000 to 99,999 employees. m 100,000 employees or more. p 10 to 19 percent estimated. q 20 to 29 percent estimated. r Revised. s Sampling error exceeds 40 percent. nec Not elsewhere classified. nsk Not specified by kind. – Represents zero (page image/print only). (CC) Consolidated city. (IC) Independent city.

INTRODUCTION 3 1997 ECONOMIC CENSUS U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census

# This page is intentionally blank.

4 INTRODUCTION 1997 ECONOMIC CENSUS U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census

# Manufacturing

SCOPE The 1997 Economic Census – Manufacturing covers all manufacturing establishments with one or more paid employees. Manufacturing is defined as the mechanical,physical, or chemical transformation of materials or substances into new products. The assembly of components into new products is also considered manufacturing, except when it is appropriately classified as construction. Establishments in the manufacturing sector are often described as plants, factories, or mills and typically use power-driven machines and materials-handling equipment.Also included in the manufacturing sector are some establishments that make products by hand, like custom tailors and the makers of custom draperies. While manufacturers typically do not sell to the public, some establishments like bakeries and candy stores that make products on the premises may be included. While logging and publishing are no longer in the scope of manufacturing, data for these industries are included in the manufacturing industry reports, but are not included in the manufacturing state, summary, and other reports. GENERALThis report, from the 1997 Economic Census – Manufacturing, is one of a series of 480 industry reports and 51 geographic area reports, each of which provides statistics for individual industries or states, respectively. Seven of the industry reports are for industries no longer in the manufacturing sector but are included with manufacturing for the 1997 census year. Also included for this sector are General, Product, and Materials Consumed Summaryreports, a special report on Concentration Ratios in Manufacturing, and data files on Location of Manufacturing Plants. Each industry report presents data for a six-digit North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) industry. A description of the particular NAICS industry may be found in Appendix B. These reports include such statistics as number of establishments, employment, payroll, value added by manufacture, cost of materials consumed, value of shipments, capital expenditures, etc. Explanations of these and other terms may be found in Appendix A. The industry reports also include data for states with 100 employees or more in the industry. State reports, which include the District of Columbia, present similar statistics at the ‘‘all manufacturing’’ level for each state and its metropolitan areas (MAs) with 250 employees or more, and for counties, consolidated cities, and places with 500 employees or more. The state reports also include six-digit NAICS level data for industries with 100 employees or more in the state.The General Summary report contains industry and geographic area statistics summarized in one report. It includes higher levels of aggregation than the industry and state reports, as well as revisions to the data made after the release of the industry and state reports.The Products and Materials Consumed reports summarize the products and materials data published in the industry reports. The Product Summary report also includes data from the Current Industrial Reports (CIR) and a special table with data for products that are primary to more than one industry, which are not in the industry reports. The Concentration Ratios report publishes data on the percentage of value of shipments accounted for by the 4-, 8-, 20-, and 50-largest companies for each manufacturingindustry. Also shown in this report are HirschmannHerfindahl Indexes for each industry.The Location of Manufacturing data files contain statistics on the number of establishments for the three-and six-digit NAICS industry by state, county, place, and ZIP Code by employment-size of the establishment. GEOGRAPHIC AREAS COVERED Statistics at the six-digit NAICS industry level are shown for states and the District of Columbia in both the state and industry reports for cells with 100 employees or more.The state reports also include data at the ‘‘all manufacturing’’ level for a variety of geographies that meet the employment criteria. Data are available for the metropolitan areas (MAs) with 250 employees or more. The term MA is a general termused to encompass all of the specifically defined metropolitan areas. A consolidated metropolitan statistical area (CMSA) is made up of two or more contiguous primary metropolitan statistical areas (PMSAs) with a combined population of at least 1 million. A PMSA is a subdivision of a CMSA that demonstrates very strong internal economic and social links separate from the ties to other portions ofthe CMSA. A metropolitan statistical area (MSA) is an integrated economic and social unit with a population of at least 50,000. An MA is made up of one or more counties meeting standards of metropolitan character. In New England, cities and towns, rather than counties, are the MANUFACTURING 5 1997 ECONOMIC CENSUS U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census

## component geographic units. Determination of the MAs was made by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) as of June 30, 1997. The population estimates were from the 1990 Census of Population or a subsequent special census. When applicable, the make-up of an MA isincluded in Appendix E. Changes to geographical boundaries are noted in Appendix D. The state reports include data for counties with 500 employees or more. These are the primary divisions of states, except in Louisiana where they are called parishes and in Alaska where they are called boroughs and census areas. Maryland, Missouri, Nevada, and Virginia have oneor more places that are independent of county organizations. These places are treated as counties and places. The counties and places are defined as of January 1, 1997. The state reports include data for places with 500 employees or more. Places are typically cities, towns, andvillages. They may be incorporated municipalities, semiindependent municipalities, special economic urban areas (SEUAs), or other place equivalents.The state reports also include data for consolidated cities with 500 employees or more. Consolidated cities are made up of separately incorporated municipalities. COMPARABILITY OF THE 1992 AND 1997 CENSUSESThe adoption of the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) has had a major impact on the comparability of data between the 1992 and 1997 censuses. Approximately half of the industries in the manufacturing sector of NAICS do not have comparable industries in the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system that was used in the past. If industries are not comparable betweenthe two censuses, historic data are not shown. When applicable, Appendix G shows the product class and product comparability between the two systems. While most of the change affecting the manufacturing sector was change within the sector, some industries left manufacturing and others came into manufacturing. Prominent among those leaving manufacturing are loggingand portions of publishing. Prominent among the industries coming into the manufacturing sector are bakeries,candy stores where candy is made on the premises, custom tailors, makers of custom draperies, and tire retreading. Data for the industries coming into manufacturing as well as those leaving manufacturing are included in the manufacturing industry report series for 1997. However, the state and summary reports only include data for industries in the NAICS definition of manufacturing. Another change resulting from the conversion to NAICSis that data for central administrative offices (CAOs) associated with manufacturing are not included along side the manufacturing data. This change affects data in the state reports and the general summary. DISCLOSURE In accordance with Federal law governing census reports (Title 13 of the United States Code), no data arepublished that would disclose the operations of an individual establishment or company. However, the number ofestablishments classified in a specific industry or geography is not considered a disclosure, and may be released even when other information is withheld. The disclosure analysis for the industry statistics files is based on the total value of shipments. When the total value of shipments cannot be shown without disclosing information for individual companies, the complete line is suppressed except for capital expenditures. However, thesuppressed data are included in higher-level totals. A separate disclosure analysis is performed for capital expenditures that can be suppressed even though value of shipments data are published. AVAILABILITY OF MORE FREQUENT ECONOMIC DATA The Census Bureau conducts the Annual Survey of Manufactures (ASM) in each of the 4 years between the economic censuses. The ASM is a probability-basedsample of approximately 58,000 establishments and collects many of the same industry statistics (includingemployment, payroll, value of shipments, etc.) as the economic census. However, there are selected statistics notincluded in the ASM. Among these are the number of companies and establishments, detailed product and materials data, and substate geographic data. In addition to the ASM, the Census Bureau conducts aCurrent Industrial Reports (CIR) program. The CIR publishes detailed product statistics for selected manufacturing industries at the U.S. level annually and, in some cases, monthly and/or quarterly. For the 1997 Economic Census – Manufacturing, the annual CIR data are included in the Product Summary report.The Census Bureau also conducts the monthly Manufacturers’ Shipments, Inventories, and Orders (M3) program, which publishes detailed statistics for manufacturing industries at the U.S. level.

6 MANUFACTURING 1997 ECONOMIC CENSUS U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census

# Table 1. 

# Share of Industry Statistics for Companies Ranked by Value Added: 1997 [Percent. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendixes] Company rank group based on value added by manufacture 1 Production workers All employees Payroll Total Hours Wages Value added by manufac~ ture Cost of materials Value of shipments Total capital expenditures 50 largest 11.7 ................................... 17.3 10.6 11.1 16.8 24.0 22.0 23.0 21.3 51st to 100th largest 4.4 ......................... 5.3 4.2 4.4 5.2 7.7 8.6 8.2 7.3 101st to 150th largest 3.6 ........................ 4.2 3.7 3.7 4.4 5.2 4.8 5.0 5.3 151st to 200th largest 2.8 ........................ 3.0 2.9 3.0 3.3 3.8 4.7 4.3 4.1 201st and larger 77.5 ............................. 70.2 78.6 77.7 70.4 59.3 59.8 59.6 62.0

1 For the census, a company is defined as a business organization consisting of one establishment or more under common ownership or control. Note: All percentages are independently rounded and do not necessarily add to 100.



# Table 2. 

# Share of Value of Shipments Accounted for by the 4, 8, 20, and 50 Largest Companies **in Each of the 3**~**, 4**~**, 5**~**, and 6**~ **Digit NAICS Industries: 1997** [For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendixes]

NACIS code Industry group and industry Percent of value of shipments accounted for by the– Companies 1 Value of shipments2

($1000) 4 largest companies 8 largest companies 20 largest companies 50 largest companies Herfindahl ~ Herschmann index for 50 largest companies3 311 Food mfg 21 958 ......................................... 421 737 017 14.3 22.0 34.8 50.8 91.0 3111 Animal food mfg 1 077 ................................. 27 732 347 23.1 34.7 56.1 73.1 238.8 31111 Animal food mfg 1 077 ............................... 27 732 347 23.1 34.7 56.1 73.1 238.8 311111 Dog & cat food mfg 129 .......................... 8 688 239 58.4 80.2 92.4 98.3 1 266.5 311119 Other animal food mfg 962 ........................ 19 044 108 23.7 36.3 54.5 71.2 240.6 3112 Grain & oilseed milling 534 ............................ 52 075 763 45.3 59.1 77.1 89.1 711.4 31121 Flour milling & malt mfg 324 ......................... 11 141 876 38.7 51.8 71.4 89.2 485.7 311211 Flour milling 254 ................................. 8 001 978 48.4 62.5 79.2 93.4 699.6 311212 Rice milling 56 ................................. 2 364 582 51.8 75.3 92.5 99.8 894.2 311213 Malt mfg 19 .................................... 775 316 69.0 94.5 100.0 N 1 458.7 31122 Starch & vegetable fats & oils mfg 179 ............... 31 835 054 57.7 73.0 88.3 96.9 1 213.5 311221 Wet corn milling 30 ............................. 8 455 172 71.7 90.3 99.8 100.0 1 507.4 311222 Soybean processing 43 ......................... 14 036 271 79.6 94.5 99.5 100.0 2 035.4 311223 Other oilseed processing 32 ..................... 1 720 738 66.6 81.9 98.9 100.0 2 149.2 311225 Fats & oils refining & blending 91 ................. 7 622 873 36.7 63.0 89.5 98.8 602.8 31123 Breakfast cereal mfg 48 ........................... 9 098 833 82.9 93.5 99.2 100.0 2 445.9 311230 Breakfast cereal mfg 48 ......................... 9 098 833 82.9 93.5 99.2 100.0 2 445.9 3113 Sugar & confectionery product mfg 1 556 ................. 24 114 454 41.9 56.4 75.0 86.3 580.3 31131 Sugar mfg 49 .................................... 7 399 171 64.4 84.0 95.9 100.0 1 452.2 311311 Sugarcane mills 34 ............................. 1 457 482 56.6 71.4 94.3 100.0 1 158.7 311312 Cane sugar refining 12 .......................... 3 209 186 98.7 99.9 100.0 N D 311313 Beet sugar mfg 8 .............................. 2 732 503 85.0 100.0 N N 1 997.6 31132 Chocolate & confectionery mfg from cacao beans 152 .. 3 755 268 79.5 92.5 97.6 99.0 2 567.1 311320 Chocolate & confectionery mfg from cacao beans 152 ..................................... 3 755 268 79.5 92.5 97.6 99.0 2 567.1 31133 Confectionery mfg from purchased chocolate 796 ...... 7 879 752 65.2 75.3 84.2 92.0 1 600.6 311330 Confectionery mfg from purchased chocolate 796 .... 7 879 752 65.2 75.3 84.2 92.0 1 600.6 31134 Nonchocolate confectionery mfg 578 ................. 5 080 263 40.7 60.1 78.0 91.0 623.0 311340 Nonchocolate confectionery mfg 578 ............... 5 080 263 40.7 60.1 78.0 91.0 623.0 3114 Fruit & vegetable preserving & specialty food mfg 1 394 .... 46 618 107 26.6 35.6 51.8 69.2 253.3 31141 Frozen food mfg 531 ............................... 19 691 664 31.3 44.6 62.8 79.8 349.5 311411 Frozen fruit, juice, & vegetable mfg 177 ............. 9 549 256 34.3 47.4 70.6 90.5 443.7 311412 Frozen specialty food mfg 363 ..................... 10 142 408 40.2 56.9 74.9 88.6 530.5 31142 Fruit & vegetable canning, pickling, & drying 887 ....... 26 926 443 27.9 39.3 58.3 76.7 342.0 311421 Fruit & vegetable canning 661 ..................... 15 801 279 24.9 38.0 59.7 77.1 259.3 311422 Specialty canning 122 ............................ 8 051 059 67.2 83.5 96.1 99.5 2 165.1 311423 Dried & dehydrated food mfg 125 .................. 3 074 105 30.3 51.1 80.2 96.9 440.8 3115 Dairy product mfg 1 329 ................................ 58 670 293 16.5 26.0 45.4 64.2 147.0 31151 Dairy product (except frozen) mfg 948 ................ 52 812 384 18.1 28.4 48.6 66.7 169.8 311511 Fluid milk mfg 402 ............................... 21 995 148 21.3 31.0 50.5 72.2 204.6 311512 Creamery butter mfg 32 ......................... 1 367 548 52.4 73.2 97.3 100.0 889.8 311513 Cheese mfg 399 ................................. 20 232 146 34.6 50.9 70.6 85.1 524.6 311514 Dry, condensed, & evaporated dairy product mfg 169 ....................................... 9 217 542 47.1 58.6 78.1 94.0 816.9 31152 Ice cream & frozen dessert mfg 409 .................. 5 857 909 32.3 48.7 71.1 88.3 444.7 311520 Ice cream & frozen dessert mfg 409 ................ 5 857 909 32.3 48.7 71.1 88.3 444.7 3116 Meat product mfg 2 794 ................................ 112 979 006 35.0 47.5 61.3 72.1 392.6 31161 Animal slaughtering & processing 2 794 ................ 112 979 006 35.0 47.5 61.3 72.1 392.6 311611 Animal (except poultry) slaughtering 1 307 ............ 54 284 253 57.0 70.8 81.5 89.7 1 069.1 311612 Meat processed from carcasses 1 163 ............... 24 260 511 20.4 30.3 45.0 62.0 171.6 311613 Rendering & meat byproduct processing 137 ........ 2 556 547 37.4 54.1 75.5 92.6 569.4 311615 Poultry processing 257 ........................... 31 877 695 40.6 54.0 72.6 90.0 667.7 3117 Seafood product preparation & packaging 731 ........... 6 919 210 12.4 20.9 39.1 61.8 104.9 31171 Seafood product preparation & packaging 731 ......... 6 919 210 12.4 20.9 39.1 61.8 104.9 311711 Seafood canning 152 ............................. 862 118 25.9 42.5 71.4 93.4 342.6 311712 Fresh & frozen seafood processing 586 ............ 6 057 092 13.6 22.9 42.2 65.8 120.6 See footnotes at end of table. 

# MANUFACTURING

m SUBJECT SERIES CONCENTRATION RATIOS 7 U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census May 24, 2001

# Table 2. 

# Share of Value of Shipments Accounted for by the 4, 8, 20, and 50 Largest Companies **in Each of the 3**~**, 4**~**, 5**~**, and 6**~ **Digit NAICS Industries: 1997**

m Con. [For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendixes]

NACIS code Industry group and industry Percent of value of shipments accounted for by the– Companies 1 Value of shipments2

($1000) 4 largest companies 8 largest companies 20 largest companies 50 largest companies Herfindahl ~ Herschmann index for 50 largest companies3 311 Food mfg

m Con. 3118 Bakeries & tortilla mfg 10 437 ............................ 43 722 668 28.6 40.1 55.5 68.1 281.2 31181 Bread & bakery product mfg 9 489 ..................... 25 953 070 33.2 43.6 58.3 69.0 423.4 311811 Retail bakeries 6 906 .............................. 1 946 153 2.5 3.9 6.7 11.1 3.7 311812 Commercial bakeries 2 401 ......................... 21 494 992 39.2 51.3 66.0 77.6 593.0 311813 Frozen cakes, pies, & other pastries mfg 223 ........ 2 511 925 38.2 49.8 67.3 86.3 552.1 31182 Cookie, cracker, & pasta mfg 767 .................... 16 656 299 41.7 53.3 68.4 85.2 602.0 311821 Cookie & cracker mfg 322 ........................ 9 889 921 59.9 71.9 87.8 95.3 1 383.3 311822 Flour mixes & dough mfg from purchased flour 206 .. 4 999 850 43.7 58.2 77.1 93.6 1 051.4 311823 Dry pasta mfg 249 ............................... 1 766 528 57.1 74.3 88.0 92.8 1 321.5 31183 Tortilla mfg 217 .................................... 1 113 299 57.2 64.2 74.7 88.7 1 852.0 311830 Tortilla mfg 217 .................................. 1 113 299 57.2 64.2 74.7 88.7 1 852.0 3119 Other food mfg 2 493 .................................. 48 905 169 34.7 42.7 54.4 65.7 366.2 31191 Snack food mfg 466 ................................ 13 590 607 57.2 63.5 75.8 88.2 1 996.4 311911 Roasted nuts & peanut butter mfg 128 .............. 3 933 112 37.5 57.6 79.6 94.9 551.1 311919 Other snack food mfg 340 ........................ 9 657 495 70.9 76.5 87.5 94.3 D 31192 Coffee & tea mfg 215 .............................. 7 974 921 52.5 65.6 84.4 95.0 1 028.3 311920 Coffee & tea mfg 215 ............................ 7 974 921 52.5 65.6 84.4 95.0 1 028.3 31193 Flavoring syrup & concentrate mfg 149 ............... 6 590 816 80.7 87.9 93.3 97.9 D 311930 Flavoring syrup & concentrate mfg 149 ............. 6 590 816 80.7 87.9 93.3 97.9 D 31194 Seasoning & dressing mfg 525 ...................... 10 027 200 34.4 46.9 62.9 80.4 395.3 311941 Mayonnaise, dressing, & other prepared sauce mfg 293 ....................................... 5 810 040 40.3 56.5 74.7 91.8 651.0 311942 Spice & extract mfg 241 .......................... 4 217 160 43.7 53.5 70.1 86.1 798.7 31199 All other food mfg 1 197 .............................. 10 721 625 19.8 28.1 42.9 60.2 157.9 311991 Perishable prepared food mfg 415 ................. 2 730 103 24.3 35.6 54.2 73.5 225.8 311999 All other miscellaneous food mfg 785 ............... 7 991 522 23.5 34.6 51.7 70.1 220.3 312 Beverage & tobacco product mfg 2 237 .................... 96 971 368 45.1 59.1 72.7 83.7 777.2 3121 Beverage mfg 2 169 ................................... 60 896 055 40.9 52.1 66.0 79.4 531.5 31211 Soft drink & ice mfg 1 008 ............................ 32 587 038 45.5 53.6 68.8 82.4 743.3 312111 Soft drink mfg 388 ............................... 31 376 263 47.2 55.6 70.9 84.8 800.4 312112 Bottled water mfg 109 ............................ 785 869 51.7 64.4 80.3 94.9 986.6 312113 Ice mfg 514 ..................................... 424 906 24.4 31.3 43.1 60.3 302.3 31212 Breweries 494 ..................................... 18 203 492 89.7 93.4 95.2 96.7 D 312120 Breweries 494 ................................... 18 203 492 89.7 93.4 95.2 96.7 D 31213 Wineries 637 ...................................... 6 194 564 43.2 59.2 76.6 85.3 837.5 312130 Wineries 637 .................................... 6 194 564 43.2 59.2 76.6 85.3 837.5 31214 Distilleries 44 .................................... 3 910 961 59.8 77.0 96.9 100.0 1 075.7 312140 Distilleries 44 .................................. 3 910 961 59.8 77.0 96.9 100.0 1 075.7 3122 Tobacco mfg 70 .................................... 36 075 313 83.4 93.3 99.0 99.9 D 31221 Tobacco stemming & redrying 13 ................... 3 263 376 83.7 97.8 100.0 N 2 320.2 312210 Tobacco stemming & redrying 13 ................. 3 263 376 83.7 97.8 100.0 N 2 320.2 31222 Tobacco product mfg 63 ........................... 32 811 937 89.0 95.7 99.6 99.9 D 312221 Cigarette mfg 9 ............................... 29 252 787 98.9 D 100.0 N D 312229 Other tobacco product mfg 56 .................... 3 559 150 62.4 83.5 97.8 99.9 1 846.0 313 Textile mills 3 863 ....................................... 58 707 401 13.8 21.7 35.9 52.9 94.4 3131 Fiber, yarn, & thread mills 358 ......................... 12 896 617 29.8 42.6 63.4 82.2 344.3 31311 Fiber, yarn, & thread mills 358 ....................... 12 896 617 29.8 42.6 63.4 82.2 344.3 313111 Yarn spinning mills 229 ........................... 8 143 185 25.5 40.5 63.9 87.1 294.1 313112 Yarn texturing, throwing, & twisting mills 101 ........ 4 231 500 60.3 71.9 87.7 97.8 1 495.3 313113 Thread mills 44 ................................. 521 932 69.5 83.6 95.8 100.0 1 472.7 3132 Fabric mills 1 796 ..................................... 29 979 595 15.9 23.5 40.7 61.1 122.3 31321 Broadwoven fabric mills 734 ........................ 18 269 155 23.8 35.4 58.1 80.6 252.1 313210 Broadwoven fabric mills 734 ...................... 18 269 155 23.8 35.4 58.1 80.6 252.1 31322 Narrow fabric mills & schiffli machine embroidery 478 .. 1 645 969 17.2 27.6 49.6 74.9 167.5 313221 Narrow fabric mills 243 ........................... 1 409 967 20.1 32.2 57.9 84.5 223.5 313222 Schiffli machine embroidery 235 ................... 236 002 26.1 43.2 65.5 83.5 310.1 31323 Nonwoven fabric mills 212 .......................... 4 367 765 33.8 48.2 68.0 86.2 435.8 313230 Nonwoven fabric mills 212 ........................ 4 367 765 33.8 48.2 68.0 86.2 435.8 31324 Knit fabric mills 407 ................................ 5 696 706 28.0 38.2 53.9 72.5 272.6 313241 Weft knit fabric mills 236 .......................... 3 070 633 31.0 39.7 57.8 81.4 425.3 313249 Other knit fabric & lace mills 181 ................... 2 626 073 40.4 54.4 72.2 88.6 592.9 3133 Textile & fabric finishing & fabric coating mills 1 827 ........ 15 831 189 17.4 26.3 40.6 54.8 131.3 31331 Textile & fabric finishing mills 1 589 .................... 13 697 712 20.2 30.4 46.3 61.2 172.2 313311 Broadwoven fabric finishing mills 1 255 ............... 9 294 623 28.0 38.4 51.9 66.2 274.8 313312 Textile & fabric finishing mills 346 .................. 4 403 089 29.7 41.6 61.7 79.7 323.9 31332 Fabric coating mills 246 ............................ 2 133 477 14.8 26.2 49.9 75.3 160.2 313320 Fabric coating mills 246 .......................... 2 133 477 14.8 26.2 49.9 75.3 160.2 See footnotes at end of table. 

# 8 CONCENTRATION RATIOS MANUFACTURING

m SUBJECT SERIES U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census May 24, 2001

# Table 2. 

# Share of Value of Shipments Accounted for by the 4, 8, 20, and 50 Largest Companies **in Each of the 3**~**, 4**~**, 5**~**, and 6**~ **Digit NAICS Industries: 1997**

m Con. [For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendixes]

NACIS code Industry group and industry Percent of value of shipments accounted for by the– Companies 1 Value of shipments2

($1000) 4 largest companies 8 largest companies 20 largest companies 50 largest companies Herfindahl ~ Herschmann index for 50 largest companies3 314 Textile product mills 7 516 ................................ 31 051 835 22.8 31.9 45.1 57.0 186.2 3141 Textile furnishings mills 3 080 ........................... 20 296 040 34.1 47.4 63.4 77.1 396.3 31411 Carpet & rug mills 413 .............................. 11 492 786 50.7 65.0 81.0 92.9 922.5 314110 Carpet & rug mills 413 ............................ 11 492 786 50.7 65.0 81.0 92.9 922.5 31412 Curtain & linen mills 2 670 ............................ 8 803 254 39.7 48.5 61.8 73.6 499.4 314121 Curtain & drapery mills 2 012 ....................... 1 852 089 26.5 36.3 50.1 64.7 294.8 314129 Other household textile product mills 668 ........... 6 951 165 50.0 58.7 72.5 83.2 765.8 3149 Other textile product mills 4 455 ......................... 10 755 795 10.6 17.1 29.3 41.7 59.1 31491 Textile bag & canvas mills 2 094 ...................... 2 502 064 7.9 13.8 25.1 40.9 45.1 314911 Textile bag mills 423 ............................. 972 920 19.1 29.6 50.0 71.0 180.2 314912 Canvas & related product mills 1 673 ................ 1 529 144 10.4 17.1 28.4 42.8 56.9 31499 All other textile product mills 2 366 ..................... 8 253 731 13.8 22.3 38.2 53.1 99.1 314991 Rope, cordage, & twine mills 189 .................. 777 091 37.0 51.6 70.8 88.5 464.0 314992 Tire cord & tire fabric mills 15 .................... 1 268 662 65.0 94.7 100.0 N 1 361.2 314999 All other miscellaneous textile product mills 2 164 ..... 6 207 978 16.3 25.2 36.6 51.0 114.5 315 Apparel mfg 15 839 ....................................... 68 018 116 17.6 23.2 29.8 38.8 100.6 3151 Apparel knitting mills 1 209 ............................. 9 600 569 22.7 33.1 48.7 65.6 211.5 31511 Hosiery & sock mills 532 ............................ 4 562 009 28.6 38.4 56.7 77.7 324.5 315111 Sheer hosiery mills 136 ........................... 1 658 474 50.9 66.0 88.1 97.3 998.3 315119 Other hosiery & sock mills 399 .................... 2 903 535 25.7 37.6 60.8 79.4 269.2 31519 Other apparel knitting mills 683 ...................... 5 038 560 33.8 47.1 61.4 75.6 459.7 315191 Outerwear knitting mills 645 ....................... 4 352 532 39.1 52.0 63.6 76.4 583.2 315192 Underwear & nightwear knitting mills 43 ........... 686 028 63.0 82.9 98.8 100.0 1 325.0 3152 Cut & sew apparel mfg 12 487 ........................... 53 851 513 20.2 26.2 33.3 43.0 136.0 31521 Cut & sew apparel contractors 7 677 ................... 5 536 959 7.3 11.2 18.7 27.9 25.8 315211 Men’s & boys’ cut & sew apparel contractors 636 .... 1 534 022 20.4 29.2 45.2 61.4 176.1 315212 Women’s, girls’, & infants’ cut & sew apparel contractors 7 056 ................................. 4 002 937 6.3 9.9 16.8 24.6 20.3 31522 Men’s & boys’ cut & sew apparel mfg 1 362 ............. 21 298 782 37.3 46.2 57.1 70.3 461.9 315221 Men’s & boys’ cut & sew underwear & nightwear mfg 62 ....................................... 1 404 202 67.5 84.0 96.3 99.9 1 693.8 315222 Men’s & boys’ cut & sew suit, coat, & overcoat mfg 193 ....................................... 2 082 863 42.0 55.5 75.1 92.0 845.7 315223 Men’s & boys’ cut & sew shirt (exc work shirt) mfg 387 ....................................... 6 916 178 42.9 55.4 71.9 85.6 659.3 315224 Men’s & boys’ cut & sew trouser, slack, & jean mfg 199 ....................................... 7 152 379 68.9 76.4 87.2 95.4 2 253.8 315225 Men’s & boys’ cut & sew work clothing mfg 149 ...... 1 865 304 46.6 62.3 81.8 95.3 851.0 315228 Men’s & boys’ cut & sew other outerwear mfg 430 ... 1 877 856 20.3 32.0 52.6 73.8 202.4 31523 Women’s & girls’ cut & sew apparel mfg 2 927 .......... 24 832 784 13.1 19.2 31.1 44.3 76.1 315231 Women’s & girls’ cut/sew lingerie & nightwear mfg 249 ....................................... 3 910 357 42.8 58.1 75.4 90.2 589.4 315232 Women’s & girls’ cut & sew blouse & shirt mfg 714 ... 3 995 123 12.6 22.1 42.0 66.8 120.3 315233 Women’s & girls’ cut & sew dress mfg 747 .......... 5 009 262 14.2 23.7 39.4 60.4 111.3 315234 Women’s & girls’ cut & sew suit, coat, skirt mfg 428 .. 3 759 250 31.9 41.0 57.2 76.3 333.3 315239 Women’s & girls’ cut & sew other outerwear mfg 818 . 8 158 792 22.3 36.9 56.3 75.4 229.3 31529 Other cut & sew apparel mfg 665 .................... 2 182 988 26.3 36.6 56.0 73.4 290.8 315291 Infants’ cut & sew apparel mfg 39 ................. 945 119 60.9 79.5 98.0 100.0 1 300.1 315292 Fur & leather apparel mfg 224 ..................... 244 687 22.6 34.8 54.0 74.1 221.2 315299 All other cut & sew apparel mfg 402 ................ 993 182 22.5 37.3 56.2 74.7 226.3 3159 Apparel accessories & other apparel mfg 2 201 ........... 4 566 034 14.2 23.0 39.2 53.9 107.8 31599 Apparel accessories & other apparel mfg 2 201 ......... 4 566 034 14.2 23.0 39.2 53.9 107.8 315991 Hat, cap, & millinery mfg 363 ...................... 980 704 36.0 46.6 61.3 77.8 398.3 315992 Glove & mitten mfg 98 .......................... 672 639 63.8 73.0 85.4 97.1 1 691.4 315993 Men’s & boys’ neckwear mfg 119 .................. 598 457 48.2 62.0 79.4 93.8 751.3 315999 Other apparel accessories & other apparel mfg 1 626 .. 2 314 234 19.0 28.5 44.1 58.5 144.9 316 Leather & allied product mfg 1 727 ........................ 10 876 510 19.0 31.4 48.5 65.0 167.2 3161 Leather & hide tanning & finishing 327 .................. 3 576 657 49.1 66.5 79.9 91.5 741.5 31611 Leather & hide tanning & finishing 327 ................ 3 576 657 49.1 66.5 79.9 91.5 741.5 316110 Leather & hide tanning & finishing 327 .............. 3 576 657 49.1 66.5 79.9 91.5 741.5 3162 Footwear mfg 366 ................................... 4 210 975 27.7 42.4 65.0 84.3 317.0 31621 Footwear mfg 366 ................................. 4 210 975 27.7 42.4 65.0 84.3 317.0 316211 Rubber & plastics footwear mfg 50 ................ 1 009 838 54.6 69.1 92.9 100.0 1 079.4 316212 House slipper mfg 22 ........................... 263 816 82.5 95.8 D 100.0 2 053.4 316213 Men’s footwear (except athletic) mfg 123 ........... 2 019 647 49.7 67.7 89.7 98.7 857.2 316214 Women’s footwear (except athletic) mfg 97 ........ 703 653 49.5 65.8 88.5 98.6 794.8 316219 Other footwear mfg 87 .......................... 214 021 32.6 54.3 81.7 96.9 469.1 3169 Other leather & allied product mfg 1 045 .................. 3 088 878 26.5 35.3 49.5 66.7 354.3 31699 Other leather & allied product mfg 1 045 ................ 3 088 878 26.5 35.3 49.5 66.7 354.3 316991 Luggage mfg 270 ................................ 1 425 871 51.9 62.4 75.0 86.8 1 418.6 316992 Women’s handbag & purse mfg 136 ............... 287 341 58.6 71.3 86.4 95.8 1 521.4 316993 Personal leather good (except women’s handbag & purse) mfg 178 ............................... 465 206 42.2 56.6 79.8 93.1 841.0 316999 All other leather good mfg 464 ..................... 910 460 24.9 38.6 62.3 79.3 270.2 321 Wood product mfg 15 621 ................................. 88 470 180 10.5 16.7 26.4 37.8 52.7 3211 Sawmills & wood preservation 4 372 ..................... 29 093 601 14.5 20.1 31.4 44.4 86.7 32111 Sawmills & wood preservation 4 372 ................... 29 093 601 14.5 20.1 31.4 44.4 86.7 321113 Sawmills 4 024 .................................... 24 632 080 16.8 23.2 35.9 48.1 112.3 321114 Wood preservation 361 ........................... 4 461 521 19.7 30.7 50.0 73.8 188.2 3212 Veneer, plywood, & engineered wood product mfg 1 491 ... 18 815 394 26.9 40.8 53.4 64.9 286.9 32121 Veneer, plywood, & engineered wood product mfg 1 491 . 18 815 394 26.9 40.8 53.4 64.9 286.9 321211 Hardwood veneer & plywood mfg 303 .............. 2 861 556 30.5 40.5 55.7 74.3 430.4 321212 Softwood veneer & plywood mfg 88 ............... 5 658 347 48.8 68.1 86.4 98.7 914.9 321213 Engineered wood member (except truss) mfg 32 ... 1 431 123 77.1 86.9 96.6 100.0 2 453.5 321214 Truss mfg 886 ................................... 3 610 943 8.8 13.4 22.9 39.5 42.4 321219 Reconstituted wood product mfg 212 ............... 5 253 425 42.9 58.1 76.1 91.3 592.3 See footnotes at end of table. 

# MANUFACTURING

m SUBJECT SERIES CONCENTRATION RATIOS 9 U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census May 24, 2001

# Table 2. 

# Share of Value of Shipments Accounted for by the 4, 8, 20, and 50 Largest Companies **in Each of the 3**~**, 4**~**, 5**~**, and 6**~ **Digit NAICS Industries: 1997**

m Con. [For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendixes]

NACIS code Industry group and industry Percent of value of shipments accounted for by the– Companies 1 Value of shipments2

($1000) 4 largest companies 8 largest companies 20 largest companies 50 largest companies Herfindahl ~ Herschmann index for 50 largest companies3 321 Wood product mfg

m Con. 3219 Other wood product mfg 9 923 .......................... 40 561 185 12.7 18.6 29.3 40.3 66.8 32191 Millwork 3 985 ...................................... 19 040 942 16.1 24.2 35.1 46.1 100.9 321911 Wood window & door mfg 1 311 ..................... 8 673 423 30.9 43.6 56.6 69.4 332.2 321912 Cut stock, resawing lumber, & planing 1 296 .......... 5 925 115 19.5 24.6 35.7 53.5 197.3 321918 Other millwork (including flooring) 1 416 .............. 4 442 404 19.8 25.8 37.7 52.6 153.2 32192 Wood container & pallet mfg 2 870 .................... 4 489 070 5.8 8.8 14.1 22.7 15.9 321920 Wood container & pallet mfg 2 870 .................. 4 489 070 5.8 8.8 14.1 22.7 15.9 32199 All other wood product mfg 3 103 ...................... 17 031 173 26.3 36.0 50.1 62.0 257.9 321991 Manufactured home (mobile home) mfg 145 ........ 10 085 615 44.3 60.2 80.9 92.3 708.3 321992 Prefabricated wood building mfg 652 ............... 3 028 520 17.1 25.0 38.3 58.2 119.3 321999 All other miscellaneous wood product mfg 2 309 ....... 3 917 038 19.3 23.9 32.7 44.4 141.2 322 Paper mfg 3 808 ........................................ 150 295 890 18.5 31.1 51.0 67.0 173.3 3221 Pulp, paper, & paperboard mills 217 .................... 71 539 224 28.0 45.7 71.5 89.4 356.0 32211 Pulp mills 24 ..................................... 3 263 973 58.6 85.6 99.5 100.0 1 106.4 322110 Pulp mills 24 ................................... 3 263 973 58.6 85.6 99.5 100.0 1 106.4 32212 Paper mills 139 .................................... 48 161 554 33.6 54.6 79.7 93.8 467.2 322121 Paper (except newsprint) mills 121 ................. 42 966 163 37.6 59.2 83.9 96.1 541.7 322122 Newsprint mills 24 .............................. 5 195 391 43.9 68.2 98.4 100.0 766.0 32213 Paperboard mills 81 ............................... 20 113 697 33.6 53.2 82.2 98.3 485.1 322130 Paperboard mills 81 ............................. 20 113 697 33.6 53.2 82.2 98.3 485.1 3222 Converted paper product mfg 3 674 ..................... 78 756 666 12.0 21.5 39.5 54.8 96.2 32221 Paperboard container mfg 1 705 ...................... 39 973 012 19.2 32.6 50.0 65.6 175.8 322211 Corrugated & solid fiber box mfg 995 ............... 25 555 136 25.8 42.4 59.1 71.4 277.0 322212 Folding paperboard box mfg 434 ................... 8 929 351 24.5 38.3 57.7 73.2 245.8 322213 Setup paperboard box mfg 142 .................... 512 314 17.2 27.3 46.9 75.8 165.8 322214 Fiber can, tube, drum, & similar products mfg 138 .... 2 305 281 68.2 76.8 86.0 93.9 2 585.7 322215 Nonfolding sanitary food container mfg 46 ......... 2 670 930 62.2 79.9 97.9 100.0 1 197.9 32222 Paper bag & coated & treated paper mfg 764 .......... 19 367 269 27.1 35.3 50.7 67.9 266.7 322221 Coated & laminated packaging paper & plastics film mfg 73 ................................... 1 491 170 38.1 58.8 85.6 99.3 574.8 322222 Coated & laminated paper mfg 509 ................ 11 845 958 40.5 49.0 62.2 78.7 593.9 322223 Plastics, foil, & coated paper bag mfg 40 .......... 493 924 42.4 66.4 94.3 100.0 699.4 322224 Uncoated paper & multiwall bag mfg 93 ........... 2 794 934 53.7 68.7 86.8 97.6 1 033.1 322225 Laminated aluminum foil mfg for flexible packaging uses 34 ............................. 1 587 850 58.7 78.2 95.1 100.0 1 097.5 322226 Surface~coated paperboard mfg 42 ............... 1 153 433 51.5 74.8 94.5 100.0 920.5 32223 Stationery product mfg 674 ......................... 7 734 912 27.5 42.0 60.9 76.3 296.9 322231 Die~cut paper & paperboard office supplies mfg 337 .. 2 105 012 44.4 58.9 73.8 84.3 642.0 322232 Envelope mfg 188 ............................... 3 655 270 40.9 56.4 71.6 87.3 564.5 322233 Stationery, tablet, & related product mfg 158 ........ 1 974 630 55.9 71.4 88.5 96.4 1 127.5 32229 Other converted paper product mfg 623 .............. 11 681 473 42.3 52.5 68.6 80.1 688.1 322291 Sanitary paper product mfg 99 ................... 7 833 607 63.1 76.8 92.2 98.8 1 481.0 322299 All other converted paper product mfg 529 .......... 3 847 866 23.0 31.7 44.2 61.2 187.0 323 Printing & related support activities 40 987 ................... 97 485 138 9.6 14.0 21.1 28.1 38.4 3231 Printing & related support activities 40 987 ................. 97 485 138 9.6 14.0 21.1 28.1 38.4 32311 Printing 36 617 ....................................... 90 564 648 10.1 14.8 22.4 29.7 43.3 323110 Commercial lithographic printing 18 015 ............... 50 027 462 11.1 16.1 23.2 30.4 46.7 323111 Commercial gravure printing 419 .................. 3 892 449 56.9 67.3 82.9 93.7 1 292.3 323112 Commercial flexographic printing 864 .............. 4 675 493 14.6 22.1 36.2 54.0 97.0 323113 Commercial screen printing 4 096 ................... 6 622 326 8.2 13.0 22.2 33.5 34.6 323114 Quick printing 7 990 ............................... 4 147 172 9.6 11.4 14.9 20.5 27.1 323115 Digital printing 386 ............................... 405 679 10.1 17.2 32.6 53.5 75.5 323116 Manifold business form printing 719 ................ 9 516 072 32.6 47.9 63.9 76.7 396.2 323117 Book printing 690 ................................ 5 517 171 31.9 45.1 59.3 73.9 363.7 323118 Blankbook, looseleaf binder, & device mfg 283 ...... 2 540 799 43.4 56.2 70.3 82.5 650.0 323119 Other commercial printing 3 387 ..................... 3 220 025 12.5 17.7 27.6 38.8 67.4 32312 Support activities for printing 4 448 .................... 6 920 490 6.3 11.5 20.0 30.2 26.7 323121 Tradebinding & related work 1 260 ................... 1 946 867 13.8 20.6 30.0 43.2 78.1 323122 Prepress services 3 191 ............................ 4 973 623 8.5 15.0 24.3 36.1 41.4 324 Petroleum & coal products mfg 1 166 ...................... 177 393 098 26.0 44.2 74.4 89.8 350.0 3241 Petroleum & coal products mfg 1 166 .................... 177 393 098 26.0 44.2 74.4 89.8 350.0 32411 Petroleum refineries 122 ............................ 158 667 598 28.5 48.6 81.6 97.6 422.1 324110 Petroleum refineries 122 .......................... 158 667 598 28.5 48.6 81.6 97.6 422.1 32412 Asphalt paving, roofing, & saturated materials mfg 674 . 10 981 761 22.8 33.2 48.2 63.7 204.6 324121 Asphalt paving mixture & block mfg 531 ............ 5 887 180 17.3 25.6 39.5 56.9 124.6 324122 Asphalt shingle & coating materials mfg 151 ......... 5 094 581 47.2 63.8 82.2 94.8 772.7 32419 Other petroleum & coal products mfg 403 ............. 7 743 739 26.8 37.6 57.1 77.3 300.9 324191 Petroleum lubricating oil & grease mfg 344 .......... 6 070 406 34.2 45.4 64.1 80.0 434.0 324199 All other petroleum & coal products mfg 61 ........ 1 673 333 39.9 65.6 90.7 99.7 644.1 325 Chemical mfg 9 626 ..................................... 415 616 508 11.9 18.2 32.7 50.8 76.6 3251 Basic chemical mfg 1 203 .............................. 113 356 912 15.6 28.7 49.1 69.6 156.4 32511 Petrochemical mfg 42 ............................. 19 468 615 59.8 83.3 98.0 100.0 1 187.0 325110 Petrochemical mfg 42 ........................... 19 468 615 59.8 83.3 98.0 100.0 1 187.0 32512 Industrial gas mfg 119 .............................. 5 416 308 64.1 84.9 95.8 98.8 1 224.7 325120 Industrial gas mfg 119 ............................ 5 416 308 64.1 84.9 95.8 98.8 1 224.7 32513 Dye & pigment mfg 152 ............................ 6 438 366 43.7 56.4 76.1 93.6 748.7 325131 Inorganic dye & pigment mfg 59 .................. 3 745 010 66.8 79.4 95.0 99.9 1 848.3 325132 Synthetic organic dye & pigment mfg 95 ........... 2 693 356 42.0 58.8 83.1 97.2 699.5 32518 Other basic inorganic chemical mfg 409 .............. 20 731 059 30.1 40.7 60.9 80.9 336.4 325181 Alkalies & chlorine mfg 26 ....................... 2 465 183 79.7 92.3 99.8 100.0 2 870.1 325182 Carbon black mfg 8 ............................ 990 391 D 100.0 N N 2 075.1 325188 All other basic inorganic chemical mfg 385 .......... 17 275 485 31.1 41.6 62.7 81.8 394.4 See footnotes at end of table. 

# 10 CONCENTRATION RATIOS MANUFACTURING

m SUBJECT SERIES U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census May 24, 2001

# Table 2. 

# Share of Value of Shipments Accounted for by the 4, 8, 20, and 50 Largest Companies **in Each of the 3**~**, 4**~**, 5**~**, and 6**~ **Digit NAICS Industries: 1997**

m Con. [For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendixes]

NACIS code Industry group and industry Percent of value of shipments accounted for by the– Companies 1 Value of shipments2

($1000) 4 largest companies 8 largest companies 20 largest companies 50 largest companies Herfindahl ~ Herschmann index for 50 largest companies3 325 Chemical mfg

m Con. 3251 Basic chemical mfg

m Con. 32519 Other basic organic chemical mfg 581 ................ 61 302 564 22.7 36.7 55.1 77.5 227.7 325191 Gum & wood chemical mfg 45 .................... 814 676 74.6 92.2 98.6 100.0 1 707.4 325192 Cyclic crude & intermediate mfg 36 ............... 6 861 138 61.7 79.4 98.2 100.0 1 701.2 325193 Ethyl alcohol mfg 31 ............................ 1 222 166 63.1 82.9 98.5 100.0 1 225.3 325199 All other basic organic chemical mfg 487 ............ 52 404 584 25.3 38.3 56.8 79.6 256.4 3252 Resin, syn rubber, & artificial & syn fibers & filaments mfg 469 ........................................... 64 417 772 26.7 37.7 60.1 84.6 312.9 32521 Resin & synthetic rubber mfg 406 .................... 51 379 595 24.8 37.4 60.9 86.3 277.3 325211 Plastics material & resin mfg 299 .................. 45 225 887 25.6 39.0 64.2 89.0 304.1 325212 Synthetic rubber mfg 122 ......................... 6 153 708 39.0 61.8 93.1 98.8 618.2 32522 Artificial & synthetic fibers & filaments mfg 70 ........ 13 038 177 69.0 85.1 96.9 99.9 1 588.6 325221 Cellulosic organic fiber mfg 4 .................... 1 096 983 100.0 N N N D 325222 Noncellulosic organic fiber mfg 67 ................ 11 941 194 69.1 86.6 97.6 99.9 1 708.4 3253 Pesticide, fertilizer, & other agricultural chemical mfg 692 . 24 176 999 27.4 45.8 70.6 85.8 342.3 32531 Fertilizer mfg 477 .................................. 12 759 745 39.8 55.1 74.8 87.5 566.9 325311 Nitrogenous fertilizer mfg 116 ..................... 3 961 254 54.2 75.9 94.2 98.7 902.6 325312 Phosphatic fertilizer mfg 43 ...................... 5 474 672 70.5 88.1 99.1 100.0 1 675.3 325314 Fertilizer (mixing only) mfg 334 .................... 3 323 819 26.3 40.8 57.5 74.2 285.7 32532 Pesticide & other agricultural chemical mfg 222 ........ 11 417 254 48.8 73.0 89.1 96.2 811.2 325320 Pesticide & other agricultural chemical mfg 222 ...... 11 417 254 48.8 73.0 89.1 96.2 811.2 3254 Pharmaceutical & medicine mfg 1 428 ................... 92 932 786 32.3 47.9 66.6 82.5 446.3 32541 Pharmaceutical & medicine mfg 1 428 ................. 92 932 786 32.3 47.9 66.6 82.5 446.3 325411 Medicinal & botanical mfg 312 ..................... 11 888 455 61.5 72.9 84.6 93.3 2 058.7 325412 Pharmaceutical preparation mfg 707 ............... 66 734 737 35.6 50.1 71.4 88.5 462.4 325413 In ~vitro diagnostic substance mfg 203 .............. 8 682 377 62.5 75.9 86.6 94.6 1 685.1 325414 Biological product (except diagnostic) mfg 267 ....... 5 627 217 42.9 64.0 82.9 93.8 680.2 3255 Paint, coating, & adhesive mfg 1 724 .................... 26 369 629 23.6 35.5 52.2 66.3 220.1 32551 Paint & coating mfg 1 205 ............................ 19 057 194 32.0 47.0 63.9 75.1 371.2 325510 Paint & coating mfg 1 205 .......................... 19 057 194 32.0 47.0 63.9 75.1 371.2 32552 Adhesive mfg 540 ................................. 7 312 435 22.3 32.6 50.5 72.1 217.2 325520 Adhesive mfg 540 ............................... 7 312 435 22.3 32.6 50.5 72.1 217.2 3256 Soap, cleaning compound, & toilet preparation mfg 2 251 ... 55 141 340 33.7 45.7 63.2 74.9 495.4 32561 Soap & cleaning compound mfg 1 583 ................. 30 928 488 40.7 55.1 68.1 78.0 625.9 325611 Soap & other detergent mfg 738 ................... 17 772 851 65.6 77.9 85.3 90.6 1 618.6 325612 Polish & other sanitation good mfg 675 ............. 8 369 554 55.1 60.7 71.2 83.2 1 090.5 325613 Surface active agent mfg 183 ..................... 4 786 083 34.3 47.6 69.9 89.1 416.1 32562 Toilet preparation mfg 681 .......................... 24 212 852 38.6 58.4 74.8 86.6 564.2 325620 Toilet preparation mfg 681 ........................ 24 212 852 38.6 58.4 74.8 86.6 564.2 3259 Other chemical product mfg 2 287 ....................... 39 221 070 25.4 32.1 44.5 59.2 378.4 32591 Printing ink mfg 255 ................................ 4 076 500 55.4 63.1 75.5 88.2 1 227.4 325910 Printing ink mfg 255 .............................. 4 076 500 55.4 63.1 75.5 88.2 1 227.4 32592 Explosives mfg 66 ................................ 1 447 274 45.3 68.6 91.1 99.8 726.7 325920 Explosives mfg 66 .............................. 1 447 274 45.3 68.6 91.1 99.8 726.7 32599 All other chemical product & preparation mfg 1 973 ...... 33 697 296 28.0 35.1 47.5 63.0 493.9 325991 Custom compounding of purchased resin 728 ....... 7 960 246 14.9 25.2 45.0 67.1 137.2 325992 Photographic film, paper, plate, & chemical mfg 276 .. 12 918 747 69.7 83.0 92.9 98.1 D 325998 All other miscellaneous chemical product & preparation mfg 985 ............................ 12 818 303 19.6 28.6 46.1 63.3 158.8 326 Plastics & rubber products mfg 13 798 ...................... 159 161 346 8.2 11.4 18.3 28.7 30.2 3261 Plastics product mfg 11 613 ............................. 124 445 374 3.9 6.9 14.1 24.4 14.1 32611 Unsupported plastics film, sheet, & bag mfg 1 250 ....... 24 624 844 13.1 23.0 39.3 56.8 103.5 326111 Unsupported plastics bag mfg 440 ................. 7 300 237 24.7 35.9 52.9 70.1 236.4 326112 Unsupported plastics packaging film & sheet mfg 131 ....................................... 3 638 911 52.1 62.7 76.4 91.9 818.6 326113 Unsupported plastics film & sheet (except packaging) mfg 713 ............................. 13 685 696 17.6 27.7 46.1 66.1 149.2 32612 Plastics pipe, pipe fitting, & unsupported profile shape mfg 1 048 ................................... 9 228 294 15.8 24.9 41.9 59.5 121.0 326121 Unsupported plastics profile shape mfg 733 ......... 4 436 148 25.5 34.8 50.3 65.3 234.5 326122 Plastics pipe & pipe fitting mfg 317 ................. 4 792 146 23.9 37.4 59.8 78.8 260.2 32613 Laminated plastics plate, sheet, & shape mfg 438 ...... 3 195 293 36.0 53.2 74.3 87.1 523.9 326130 Laminated plastics plate, sheet, & shape mfg 438 .... 3 195 293 36.0 53.2 74.3 87.1 523.9 32614 Polystyrene foam product mfg 379 ................... 4 899 240 41.4 50.0 65.5 82.7 665.4 326140 Polystyrene foam product mfg 379 ................. 4 899 240 41.4 50.0 65.5 82.7 665.4 32615 Urethane & other foam product (except polystyrene) mfg 447 .............................. 6 664 656 32.3 43.5 62.9 78.8 403.1 326150 Urethane & other foam product (except polystyrene) mfg 447 ............................ 6 664 656 32.3 43.5 62.9 78.8 403.1 32616 Plastics bottle mfg 245 ............................. 6 335 218 32.7 51.8 72.9 88.2 425.0 326160 Plastics bottle mfg 245 ........................... 6 335 218 32.7 51.8 72.9 88.2 425.0 32619 Other plastics product mfg 8 077 ...................... 69 497 829 5.1 8.2 14.4 24.0 15.6 326191 Plastics plumbing fixture mfg 539 .................. 2 181 207 34.9 44.6 58.8 74.8 396.2 326192 Resilient floor covering mfg 28 ................... 1 684 216 86.9 98.9 99.9 100.0 2 983.5 326199 All other plastics product mfg 7 522 .................. 65 632 406 5.0 8.1 13.9 23.3 14.9 See footnotes at end of table. 

# MANUFACTURING

m SUBJECT SERIES CONCENTRATION RATIOS 11 U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census May 24, 2001

# Table 2. 

# Share of Value of Shipments Accounted for by the 4, 8, 20, and 50 Largest Companies **in Each of the 3**~**, 4**~**, 5**~**, and 6**~ **Digit NAICS Industries: 1997**

m Con. [For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendixes]

NACIS code Industry group and industry Percent of value of shipments accounted for by the– Companies 1 Value of shipments2

($1000) 4 largest companies 8 largest companies 20 largest companies 50 largest companies Herfindahl ~ Herschmann index for 50 largest companies3 326 Plastics & rubber products mfg

m Con. 3262 Rubber product mfg 2 271 .............................. 34 715 972 36.8 46.4 57.8 68.4 444.8 32621 Tire mfg 736 ...................................... 15 699 140 68.4 85.8 93.0 96.4 1 517.8 326211 Tire mfg (except retreading) 110 ................... 14 728 525 72.4 90.8 98.0 99.8 1 690.3 326212 Tire retreading 628 ............................... 970 615 25.5 36.5 50.1 64.5 260.6 32622 Rubber & plastics hoses & belting mfg 149 ............ 4 025 238 49.3 61.9 80.2 94.9 786.1 326220 Rubber & plastics hoses & belting mfg 149 .......... 4 025 238 49.3 61.9 80.2 94.9 786.1 32629 Other rubber product mfg 1 408 ....................... 14 991 594 12.1 20.4 34.4 51.6 82.5 326291 Rubber product mfg for mechanical use 608 ........ 6 668 381 19.2 28.8 45.7 67.6 166.3 326299 All other rubber product mfg 827 ................... 8 323 213 17.5 27.5 43.2 60.8 139.7 327 Nonmetallic mineral product mfg 11 921 ..................... 86 464 708 9.1 16.4 27.7 41.5 52.1 3271 Clay product & refractory mfg 1 715 ..................... 9 107 840 13.5 22.5 40.1 60.4 108.5 32711 Pottery, ceramics, & plumbing fixture mfg 1 204 ......... 3 992 979 21.8 33.7 51.6 71.8 210.7 327111 Vitreous china plumbing fixture & bathroom accessories mfg 43 ............................ 1 109 995 63.8 87.2 99.1 100.0 1 456.7 327112 Vitreous china, fine earthenware, & other pottery product mfg 1 034 ................................ 1 715 783 24.7 35.9 54.0 70.9 244.8 327113 Porcelain electrical supply mfg 131 ................. 1 167 201 32.4 48.5 73.3 93.2 487.5 32712 Clay building material & refractories mfg 519 .......... 5 114 861 20.8 33.4 56.0 75.6 215.5 327121 Brick & structural clay tile mfg 127 ................. 1 411 833 40.4 58.3 73.9 92.2 549.9 327122 Ceramic wall & floor tile mfg 157 ................... 851 405 58.5 75.6 91.3 97.4 1 309.4 327123 Other structural clay product mfg 48 .............. 117 376 44.0 68.7 95.2 100.0 827.2 327124 Clay refractory mfg 115 ........................... 1 115 939 39.9 54.7 75.2 93.2 575.1 327125 Nonclay refractory mfg 91 ....................... 1 618 308 41.2 60.5 85.9 98.1 603.3 3272 Glass & glass product mfg 1 996 ........................ 22 732 942 31.0 46.3 68.3 84.2 359.0 32721 Glass & glass product mfg 1 996 ...................... 22 732 942 31.0 46.3 68.3 84.2 359.0 327211 Flat glass mfg 13 ............................... 2 795 507 77.4 99.5 100.0 N 1 828.9 327212 Other pressed & blown glass & glassware mfg 465 ... 6 094 602 48.2 68.8 90.9 96.6 760.5 327213 Glass container mfg 11 .......................... 4 198 122 91.1 98.0 100.0 N 2 959.9 327215 Glass product mfg made of purchased glass 1 522 .... 9 644 711 28.8 45.2 64.4 77.1 366.3 3273 Cement & concrete product mfg 5 930 ................... 34 591 507 8.3 14.4 25.0 35.8 40.7 32731 Cement mfg 176 ................................... 6 531 747 33.5 52.0 78.7 96.9 466.6 327310 Cement mfg 176 ................................. 6 531 747 33.5 52.0 78.7 96.9 466.6 32732 Ready~ mix concrete mfg 2 888 ........................ 17 219 886 7.0 11.1 20.0 33.0 29.4 327320 Ready~ mix concrete mfg 2 888 ...................... 17 219 886 7.0 11.1 20.0 33.0 29.4 32733 Concrete pipe, brick, & block mfg 955 ................ 4 852 512 16.4 22.0 31.9 45.3 96.7 327331 Concrete block & brick mfg 708 .................... 2 844 076 12.5 17.7 28.1 43.4 69.8 327332 Concrete pipe mfg 264 ........................... 2 008 436 26.4 37.3 55.4 73.9 290.6 32739 Other concrete product mfg 2 079 ..................... 5 987 362 10.0 15.8 26.7 41.8 52.6 327390 Other concrete product mfg 2 079 ................... 5 987 362 10.0 15.8 26.7 41.8 52.6 3274 Lime & gypsum product mfg 230 ....................... 5 533 623 54.0 65.4 81.5 95.3 1 000.8 32741 Lime mfg 46 ..................................... 1 168 450 44.9 65.1 88.5 100.0 719.4 327410 Lime mfg 46 ................................... 1 168 450 44.9 65.1 88.5 100.0 719.4 32742 Gypsum product mfg 185 ........................... 4 365 173 68.4 79.1 93.4 97.9 1 557.2 327420 Gypsum product mfg 185 ......................... 4 365 173 68.4 79.1 93.4 97.9 1 557.2 3279 Other nonmetallic mineral product mfg 2 159 .............. 14 498 796 33.4 42.2 50.7 61.3 333.3 32791 Abrasive product mfg 319 ........................... 4 660 043 60.4 65.3 74.0 84.2 1 691.7 327910 Abrasive product mfg 319 ......................... 4 660 043 60.4 65.3 74.0 84.2 1 691.7 32799 All other nonmetallic mineral product mfg 1 849 ......... 9 838 753 28.6 37.8 48.0 61.4 277.2 327991 Cut stone & stone product mfg 1 004 ................ 1 244 735 19.2 23.6 33.0 46.3 153.2 327992 Ground or treated mineral & earth mfg 261 .......... 2 362 480 27.0 38.0 59.2 80.5 369.5 327993 Mineral wool mfg 201 ............................ 4 422 507 62.0 75.5 86.1 95.3 1 203.6 327999 All other miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral product mfg 404 ................................ 1 809 031 17.5 28.0 47.0 67.1 155.2 331 Primary metal mfg 4 076 ................................. 168 117 728 13.8 22.3 37.3 54.1 97.4 3311 Iron & steel mills & ferroalloy mfg 209 .................. 58 383 159 31.9 51.4 73.0 91.8 424.7 33111 Iron & steel mills & ferroalloy mfg 209 ................ 58 383 159 31.9 51.4 73.0 91.8 424.7 331111 Iron & steel mills 191 ............................. 56 994 468 32.7 52.7 74.8 93.6 445.3 331112 Electrometallurgical ferroalloy product mfg 19 ...... 1 388 691 60.6 82.4 100.0 N 1 122.8 3312 Steel product mfg from purchased steel 503 ............. 18 516 877 16.7 25.6 40.5 62.0 126.6 33121 Iron & steel pipes & tubes mfg from purchased steel 166 ........................................ 7 450 132 19.5 29.7 51.6 81.7 199.6 331210 Iron & steel pipes & tubes mfg from purchased steel 166 ...................................... 7 450 132 19.5 29.7 51.6 81.7 199.6 33122 Rolling & drawing of purchased steel 346 ............. 11 066 745 24.8 35.1 54.9 76.0 240.4 331221 Cold~ rolled steel shape mfg 153 ................... 6 239 017 44.0 60.0 80.6 96.3 630.5 331222 Steel wire drawing 199 ........................... 4 827 728 21.3 35.6 56.0 79.7 223.2 3313 Alumina & aluminum production & processing 248 ....... 32 550 279 48.0 64.0 79.1 89.1 816.3 33131 Alumina & aluminum production & processing 248 ..... 32 550 279 48.0 64.0 79.1 89.1 816.3 331311 Alumina refining 5 ............................. 1 219 057 D 100.0 N N D 331312 Primary aluminum production 13 .................. 6 224 610 59.2 81.7 100.0 N 1 230.6 331314 Secondary smelting & alloying of aluminum 87 ..... 3 595 436 40.7 53.7 76.0 94.3 629.6 331315 Aluminum sheet, plate, & foil mfg 41 .............. 13 708 307 65.0 85.4 97.9 100.0 1 447.0 331316 Aluminum extruded product mfg 105 ............... 6 177 701 44.5 58.9 75.2 91.1 680.0 331319 Other aluminum rolling & drawing 30 .............. 1 625 168 62.7 79.4 98.4 100.0 1 162.8 See footnotes at end of table. 

# 12 CONCENTRATION RATIOS MANUFACTURING

m SUBJECT SERIES U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census May 24, 2001

# Table 2. 

# Share of Value of Shipments Accounted for by the 4, 8, 20, and 50 Largest Companies **in Each of the 3**~**, 4**~**, 5**~**, and 6**~ **Digit NAICS Industries: 1997**

m Con. [For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendixes]

NACIS code Industry group and industry Percent of value of shipments accounted for by the– Companies 1 Value of shipments2

($1000) 4 largest companies 8 largest companies 20 largest companies 50 largest companies Herfindahl ~ Herschmann index for 50 largest companies3 331 Primary metal mfg

m Con. 3314 Nonferrous metal (except aluminum) production & processing 698 ..................................... 29 616 370 24.3 34.7 52.8 71.8 242.6 33141 Nonferrous metal (except aluminum) smelting & refining 134 ...................................... 9 530 263 64.1 74.7 89.1 98.2 1 178.4 331411 Primary smelting & refining of copper 9 ........... 6 128 370 94.5 D 100.0 N 2 392.3 331419 Other nonferrous metal primary smelting & refining 127 .................................... 3 401 893 32.7 49.6 77.9 96.5 431.3 33142 Copper rolling, drawing, extruding, & alloying 154 ...... 9 800 616 30.0 50.2 75.1 92.5 404.5 331421 Copper rolling, drawing, & extruding 91 ............ 7 619 953 37.4 62.8 88.7 99.1 598.8 331422 Copper wire (except mechanical) drawing 33 ....... 983 284 48.5 69.7 94.7 100.0 851.8 331423 Secondary smelting, refining, & alloying of copper 34 .................................... 1 197 379 50.5 73.4 93.1 100.0 986.2 33149 Other nonferrous metal rolling, drawing, extruding, & alloying 440 .................................... 10 285 491 20.2 30.8 51.0 73.0 190.0 331491 Other nonferrous metal rolling, drawing, & extruding 220 .................................. 7 057 705 28.1 43.6 66.4 86.1 325.9 331492 Other nonferrous metal secondary smelting, refining, & alloying 233 .......................... 3 227 786 22.0 37.4 58.8 82.7 244.8 3315 Foundries 2 521 ....................................... 29 051 043 13.4 21.1 34.9 49.4 93.6 33151 Ferrous metal foundries 986 ........................ 17 428 045 18.2 30.3 48.4 66.3 176.4 331511 Iron foundries 602 ............................... 12 187 267 25.1 40.1 60.0 76.3 292.1 331512 Steel investment foundries 145 .................... 2 341 737 46.1 61.4 77.1 90.9 795.3 331513 Steel foundries (except investment) 263 ............ 2 899 041 26.6 38.9 62.2 83.7 337.5 33152 Nonferrous metal foundries 1 559 ..................... 11 622 998 12.2 19.7 32.3 48.6 74.8 331521 Aluminum die~casting foundries 291 ................ 3 843 845 25.7 37.2 55.1 77.0 258.3 331522 Nonferrous (except aluminum) die~casting foundries 267 .................................. 1 998 772 18.0 28.4 49.4 74.5 170.6 331524 Aluminum foundries (except die~casting) 592 ........ 3 916 527 19.3 30.9 51.6 71.4 183.0 331525 Copper foundries (except die~casting) 301 .......... 846 578 13.4 23.0 42.7 68.3 127.7 331528 Other nonferrous foundries (except die~casting) 136 .. 1 017 276 71.2 78.3 88.5 96.8 2 147.9 332 Fabricated metal product mfg 58 516 ....................... 242 813 453 3.5 5.8 10.9 18.0 8.5 3321 Forging & stamping 3 026 .............................. 24 375 589 7.9 12.0 19.4 30.5 29.2 33211 Forging & stamping 3 026 ............................ 24 375 589 7.9 12.0 19.4 30.5 29.2 332111 Iron & steel forging 390 ........................... 4 869 727 24.2 33.5 50.6 72.9 237.4 332112 Nonferrous forging 75 ........................... 1 838 385 47.4 65.8 88.2 99.1 990.5 332114 Custom roll forming 360 .......................... 3 301 907 28.4 37.7 54.8 73.1 387.5 332115 Crown & closure mfg 55 ......................... 953 864 58.2 77.9 93.2 99.9 1 119.7 332116 Metal stamping 2 051 .............................. 12 078 985 7.6 11.3 18.1 29.3 27.7 332117 Powder metallurgy part mfg 114 ................... 1 332 721 28.7 45.1 68.3 90.9 355.4 3322 Cutlery & handtool mfg 1 545 ........................... 11 475 344 18.3 28.2 45.3 64.0 157.0 33221 Cutlery & handtool mfg 1 545 ......................... 11 475 344 18.3 28.2 45.3 64.0 157.0 332211 Cutlery & flatware (except precious) mfg 163 ........ 2 013 256 64.6 75.2 88.1 96.7 1 990.3 332212 Hand & edge tool mfg 1 164 ........................ 6 713 485 21.4 31.3 48.6 66.2 182.0 332213 Saw blade & handsaw mfg 166 .................... 1 447 890 39.6 53.6 79.6 93.7 609.4 332214 Kitchen utensil, pot, & pan mfg 69 ................ 1 300 713 57.8 80.7 93.0 99.6 1 203.3 3323 Architectural & structural metals mfg 11 649 ............... 53 547 213 4.4 7.4 14.2 23.4 14.5 33231 Plate work & fabricated structural product mfg 4 423 ..... 23 574 845 8.9 13.7 22.4 34.1 41.1 332311 Prefabricated metal building & component mfg 557 .. 4 686 554 26.1 41.3 59.8 75.8 274.9 332312 Fabricated structural metal mfg 2 872 ................ 16 115 143 11.0 15.4 25.0 36.9 57.4 332313 Plate work mfg 1 011 .............................. 2 773 148 7.4 12.5 24.2 40.7 41.8 33232 Ornamental & architectural metal products mfg 7 275 .... 29 972 368 5.3 9.3 16.3 27.7 19.6 332321 Metal window & door mfg 1 249 ..................... 10 209 522 14.5 24.7 41.0 59.9 115.4 332322 Sheet metal work mfg 4 202 ........................ 15 584 570 4.1 7.5 15.4 25.4 15.8 332323 Ornamental & architectural metal work mfg 1 845 ...... 4 178 276 12.2 20.5 32.1 45.2 73.7 3324 Boiler, tank, & shipping container mfg 1 526 .............. 22 714 389 30.4 46.0 57.1 68.1 338.9 33241 Power boiler & heat exchanger mfg 436 .............. 3 867 379 16.9 25.5 42.0 64.3 140.4 332410 Power boiler & heat exchanger mfg 436 ............ 3 867 379 16.9 25.5 42.0 64.3 140.4 33242 Metal tank (heavy gauge) mfg 552 ................... 4 703 647 16.6 27.1 42.7 59.6 132.4 332420 Metal tank (heavy gauge) mfg 552 ................. 4 703 647 16.6 27.1 42.7 59.6 132.4 33243 Metal can, box, & other metal container (light gauge) mfg 557 .................................. 14 143 363 48.9 73.8 84.4 91.6 846.7 332431 Metal can mfg 107 ............................... 11 930 448 57.9 87.1 96.8 99.5 1 180.2 332439 Other metal container mfg 455 .................... 2 212 915 20.8 30.9 49.6 71.2 194.3 3325 Hardware mfg 906 ................................... 11 061 736 17.4 27.7 47.4 68.6 154.6 33251 Hardware mfg 906 ................................. 11 061 736 17.4 27.7 47.4 68.6 154.6 332510 Hardware mfg 906 ............................... 11 061 736 17.4 27.7 47.4 68.6 154.6 3326 Spring & wire product mfg 1 646 ........................ 8 533 707 14.6 20.4 31.0 43.9 103.1 33261 Spring & wire product mfg 1 646 ...................... 8 533 707 14.6 20.4 31.0 43.9 103.1 332611 Spring (heavy gauge) mfg 124 .................... 845 199 31.7 49.5 72.2 92.8 404.9 332612 Spring (light gauge) mfg 320 ...................... 2 481 151 38.7 49.4 63.7 78.9 677.9 332618 Other fabricated wire product mfg 1 213 .............. 5 207 357 11.8 18.3 29.1 44.6 66.8 3327 Machine shops, turned product, & screw, nut, & bolt mfg 26 999 ........................................... 43 362 901 3.8 5.4 8.6 13.3 6.4 33271 Machine shops 23 430 ................................ 26 850 065 1.6 2.7 4.9 8.7 1.9 332710 Machine shops 23 430 .............................. 26 850 065 1.6 2.7 4.9 8.7 1.9 33272 Turned product & screw, nut, & bolt mfg 3 593 .......... 16 512 836 9.4 13.7 21.3 31.9 40.2 332721 Precision turned product mfg 2 696 .................. 8 304 805 3.6 6.7 13.3 23.9 13.2 332722 Bolt, nut, screw, rivet, & washer mfg 913 ............ 8 208 031 19.0 27.5 41.4 58.1 153.1 3328 Coating, engraving, heat treating, & allied activities 5 885 ... 17 956 236 10.2 15.6 24.7 36.0 46.2 33281 Coating, engraving, heat treating, & allied activities 5 885 . 17 956 236 10.2 15.6 24.7 36.0 46.2 332811 Metal heat treating 662 ........................... 3 442 317 23.7 35.6 50.1 64.6 239.6 332812 Metal coating/engraving (exc jewelry/silverware)/ allied services 1 978 .............................. 8 515 488 21.4 30.5 46.1 58.7 164.8 332813 Electroplating, plating, polishing, anodizing, & coloring 3 286 .................................... 5 998 431 4.6 8.3 14.9 25.1 16.1 See footnotes at end of table. 

# MANUFACTURING

m SUBJECT SERIES CONCENTRATION RATIOS 13 U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census May 24, 2001

# Table 2. 

# Share of Value of Shipments Accounted for by the 4, 8, 20, and 50 Largest Companies **in Each of the 3**~**, 4**~**, 5**~**, and 6**~ **Digit NAICS Industries: 1997**

m Con. [For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendixes]

NACIS code Industry group and industry Percent of value of shipments accounted for by the– Companies 1 Value of shipments2

($1000) 4 largest companies 8 largest companies 20 largest companies 50 largest companies Herfindahl ~ Herschmann index for 50 largest companies3 332 Fabricated metal product mfg

m Con. 3329 Other fabricated metal product mfg 6 040 ................. 49 786 338 9.8 16.3 29.2 43.8 57.2 33291 Metal valve mfg 1 077 ............................... 21 983 284 18.1 28.5 43.4 61.4 144.0 332911 Industrial valve mfg 429 .......................... 8 965 193 27.5 37.5 56.5 75.5 323.2 332912 Fluid power valve & hose fitting mfg 360 ............ 6 594 554 40.3 53.4 70.3 85.8 529.6 332913 Plumbing fixture fitting & trim mfg 97 .............. 3 616 737 44.6 57.6 77.9 95.7 783.3 332919 Other metal valve & pipe fitting mfg 220 ............ 2 806 800 22.9 35.5 60.2 81.9 249.6 33299 All other fabricated metal product mfg 5 011 ............ 27 803 054 11.8 18.5 31.7 45.9 73.6 332991 Ball & roller bearing mfg 116 ...................... 6 093 840 49.4 66.3 89.5 98.6 887.3 332992 Small arms ammunition mfg 107 ................... 976 944 88.9 93.8 97.5 99.4 D 332993 Ammunition (except small arms) mfg 45 ........... 1 471 101 66.5 84.5 98.7 100.0 1 782.9 332994 Small arms mfg 189 .............................. 1 248 048 41.5 64.9 87.5 94.6 663.2 332995 Other ordnance & accessories mfg 65 ............. 1 362 401 78.3 88.6 95.9 99.8 1 935.8 332996 Fabricated pipe & pipe fitting mfg 806 .............. 4 118 699 18.6 26.1 38.8 55.5 130.9 332997 Industrial pattern mfg 668 ......................... 623 605 11.0 17.5 30.2 48.0 66.8 332998 Enameled iron & metal sanitary ware mfg 82 ....... 1 553 730 54.1 74.1 93.8 99.4 1 301.0 332999 All other miscellaneous fabricated metal product mfg 2 955 ....................................... 10 354 686 11.8 17.1 26.0 40.1 60.2 333 Machinery mfg 27 983 .................................... 270 687 165 11.5 15.6 23.9 34.3 55.4 3331 Agriculture, construction, & mining machinery mfg 2 832 ... 54 181 573 37.8 45.7 57.2 69.3 572.5 33311 Agricultural implement mfg 1 386 ...................... 23 371 367 50.0 60.1 71.1 81.8 1 246.1 333111 Farm machinery & equipment mfg 1 264 ............. 15 995 219 53.2 60.4 70.5 80.1 1 707.2 333112 Lawn & garden tractor & home lawn & garden equipment mfg 127 ............................. 7 376 148 64.4 80.3 94.3 98.8 1 171.7 33312 Construction machinery mfg 723 ..................... 22 117 440 49.6 59.5 72.6 84.6 1 020.3 333120 Construction machinery mfg 723 ................... 22 117 440 49.6 59.5 72.6 84.6 1 020.3 33313 Mining & oil & gas field machinery mfg 748 ............ 8 692 766 23.6 36.7 57.7 75.2 245.8 333131 Mining machinery & equipment mfg 261 ............ 2 705 885 36.4 50.9 69.9 86.1 515.5 333132 Oil & gas field machinery & equipment mfg 494 ...... 5 986 881 30.5 46.2 68.5 83.4 391.7 3332 Industrial machinery mfg 4 439 .......................... 36 658 714 13.5 18.7 29.1 41.9 89.4 33321 Sawmill & woodworking machinery mfg 312 ........... 1 296 200 30.0 43.2 62.9 81.2 344.8 333210 Sawmill & woodworking machinery mfg 312 ......... 1 296 200 30.0 43.2 62.9 81.2 344.8 33322 Plastics & rubber industry machinery mfg 427 ......... 3 570 320 30.2 41.5 57.2 76.5 373.9 333220 Plastics & rubber industry machinery mfg 427 ....... 3 570 320 30.2 41.5 57.2 76.5 373.9 33329 Other industrial machinery mfg 3 713 .................. 31 792 194 15.4 21.4 32.5 45.8 114.9 333291 Paper industry machinery mfg 330 ................. 3 386 920 37.2 53.1 69.5 83.4 490.3 333292 Textile machinery mfg 454 ........................ 1 766 419 24.4 36.4 53.8 72.0 269.3 333293 Printing machinery & equipment mfg 504 ........... 3 786 716 29.6 41.5 59.2 75.8 326.8 333294 Food product machinery mfg 573 .................. 2 857 928 19.1 27.1 41.0 60.0 139.8 333295 Semiconductor machinery mfg 244 ................ 11 162 764 43.5 59.4 77.2 91.4 818.4 333298 All other industrial machinery mfg 1 634 .............. 8 831 447 10.6 16.6 27.8 43.3 57.5 3333 Commercial & service industry machinery mfg 2 492 ....... 26 009 857 30.2 35.7 45.8 58.8 401.5 33331 Commercial & service industry machinery mfg 2 492 ..... 26 009 857 30.2 35.7 45.8 58.8 401.5 333311 Automatic vending machine mfg 117 ............... 1 327 998 67.9 84.1 92.3 97.5 1 484.3 333312 Commercial laundry, drycleaning, & pressing machine mfg 63 ............................... 604 939 44.7 65.4 92.0 99.7 779.0 333313 Office machinery mfg 158 ......................... 3 162 823 53.0 68.2 81.2 93.5 1 208.3 333314 Optical instrument & lens mfg 482 ................. 3 139 837 25.4 38.4 56.1 74.7 263.2 333315 Photographic & photocopying equipment mfg 412 .... 8 290 986 80.9 85.0 90.6 94.5 D 333319 Other commercial & service industry machinery mfg 1 274 ....................................... 9 483 274 14.0 21.9 36.7 54.6 95.3 3334 Ventilation, heating, AC, & commercial refrigeration equip mfg 1 563 ...................................... 30 791 331 29.7 39.8 54.9 67.3 283.3 33341 Ventilation, heating, AC, & commercial refrigeration equip mfg 1 563 .................................... 30 791 331 29.7 39.8 54.9 67.3 283.3 333411 Air purification equipment mfg 333 ................. 2 218 051 21.3 33.3 53.8 75.1 207.5 333412 Industrial & commercial fan & blower mfg 173 ....... 1 899 077 22.5 38.4 64.4 87.2 276.4 333414 Heating equipment (except warm air furnaces) mfg 441 ....................................... 3 707 615 20.2 31.0 49.8 72.6 182.9 333415 AC & warm air heating & commercial/industrial refrig equip mfg 646 ............................. 22 966 588 39.2 52.6 71.6 83.5 491.0 3335 Metalworking machinery mfg 10 000 ...................... 30 417 553 7.3 10.7 16.8 26.1 23.2 33351 Metalworking machinery mfg 10 000 .................... 30 417 553 7.3 10.7 16.8 26.1 23.2 333511 Industrial mold mfg 2 475 ........................... 5 087 422 6.6 9.8 16.8 26.7 22.4 333512 Machine tool (metal cutting types) mfg 368 .......... 5 331 245 24.7 40.7 59.2 75.5 267.2 333513 Machine tool (metal forming types) mfg 219 ......... 2 247 954 21.2 33.8 54.6 74.7 208.7 333514 Special die & tool, die set, jig, & fixture mfg 4 667 ...... 8 237 755 5.5 8.4 14.6 24.0 16.5 333515 Cutting tool & machine tool accessory mfg 1 820 ...... 5 379 842 21.6 27.9 40.0 54.0 206.4 333516 Rolling mill machinery & equipment mfg 98 ........ 700 084 53.0 72.7 87.0 97.0 908.1 333518 Other metalworking machinery mfg 446 ............ 3 433 251 17.2 27.4 43.9 64.7 140.7 3336 Engine, turbine, & power transmission equipment mfg 789 ........................................... 30 508 866 42.5 57.8 73.1 85.8 596.2 33361 Engine, turbine, & power transmission equipment mfg 789 ......................................... 30 508 866 42.5 57.8 73.1 85.8 596.2 333611 Turbine & turbine generator set unit mfg 68 ........ 5 854 113 78.2 90.1 97.4 99.9 2 390.1 333612 Speed changer, industrial high ~speed drive, & gear mfg 237 ................................... 2 391 269 29.0 45.7 68.6 83.6 345.2 333613 Mechanical power transmission equipment mfg 259 .. 3 252 399 26.1 41.6 64.6 86.6 303.4 333618 Other engine equipment mfg 245 .................. 19 011 085 55.8 76.0 90.1 97.0 1 019.1 See footnotes at end of table. 

# 14 CONCENTRATION RATIOS MANUFACTURING

m SUBJECT SERIES U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census May 24, 2001

# Table 2. 

# Share of Value of Shipments Accounted for by the 4, 8, 20, and 50 Largest Companies **in Each of the 3**~**, 4**~**, 5**~**, and 6**~ **Digit NAICS Industries: 1997**

m Con. [For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendixes]

NACIS code Industry group and industry Percent of value of shipments accounted for by the– Companies 1 Value of shipments2

($1000) 4 largest companies 8 largest companies 20 largest companies 50 largest companies Herfindahl ~ Herschmann index for 50 largest companies3 333 Machinery mfg

m Con. 3339 Other general ~purpose machinery mfg 6 347 .............. 62 119 271 6.4 11.4 22.1 36.6 33.6 33391 Pump & compressor mfg 723 ....................... 13 683 351 19.2 29.8 49.4 72.5 176.8 333911 Pump & pumping equipment mfg 406 .............. 6 735 133 24.3 37.5 58.5 82.0 267.2 333912 Air & gas compressor mfg 269 .................... 5 651 176 30.9 46.6 71.1 90.4 382.8 333913 Measuring & dispensing pump mfg 63 ............. 1 297 042 65.6 81.6 94.5 99.6 1 581.3 33392 Material handling equipment mfg 1 741 ................. 16 646 105 14.1 23.1 39.1 53.6 103.8 333921 Elevator & moving stairway mfg 178 ............... 1 607 066 52.7 65.6 77.9 90.5 846.7 333922 Conveyor & conveying equipment mfg 864 .......... 6 364 898 17.6 23.5 36.1 52.2 114.4 333923 Overhead traveling crane, hoist, & monorail system mfg 283 ................................ 3 135 815 35.7 51.0 70.5 85.6 477.3 333924 Industrial truck, tractor, trailer, & stacker machinery mfg 435 ............................. 5 538 326 38.5 52.3 67.4 80.2 503.0 33399 All other general ~purpose machinery mfg 3 938 ......... 31 789 815 11.0 17.6 29.5 44.3 62.5 333991 Power~driven handtool mfg 198 .................... 3 609 779 47.0 68.7 89.5 96.2 816.6 333992 Welding & soldering equipment mfg 218 ............ 4 444 978 53.4 64.8 77.7 89.9 1 000.8 333993 Packaging machinery mfg 644 ..................... 4 900 477 16.6 26.2 44.3 63.1 145.3 333994 Industrial process furnace & oven mfg 378 .......... 2 869 912 22.3 33.3 52.1 71.5 217.0 333995 Fluid power cylinder & actuator mfg 282 ............ 3 542 331 44.2 53.9 70.7 87.4 697.2 333996 Fluid power pump & motor mfg 149 ................ 2 811 223 48.7 73.2 89.1 96.1 819.0 333997 Scale & balance (except laboratory) mfg 110 ........ 682 181 57.2 67.0 81.9 94.9 1 136.9 333999 All other miscellaneous general ~purpose machinery mfg 2 005 ............................. 8 928 934 11.7 18.1 30.6 47.1 70.7 334 Computer & electronic product mfg 15 492 ................... 439 381 300 19.1 28.1 41.1 55.0 136.6 3341 Computer & peripheral equipment mfg 1 870 .............. 110 054 987 37.0 52.1 72.8 86.3 464.9 33411 Computer & peripheral equipment mfg 1 870 ............ 110 054 987 37.0 52.1 72.8 86.3 464.9 334111 Electronic computer mfg 531 ...................... 66 301 810 45.4 68.5 91.4 97.2 727.9 334112 Computer storage device mfg 203 ................. 15 354 924 53.1 77.1 92.9 98.1 1 015.8 334113 Computer terminal mfg 141 ....................... 1 486 965 39.4 64.5 87.2 96.5 645.4 334119 Other computer peripheral equipment mfg 1 015 ...... 26 911 288 45.3 60.2 73.0 85.4 659.7 3342 Communications equipment mfg 2 078 ................... 82 852 421 36.5 49.3 63.7 75.8 449.0 33421 Telephone apparatus mfg 548 ....................... 38 375 534 54.4 66.5 78.5 88.2 999.4 334210 Telephone apparatus mfg 548 ..................... 38 375 534 54.4 66.5 78.5 88.2 999.4 33422 Radio & TV broadcasting & wireless communications equipment mfg 1 096 ................ 40 373 077 48.9 59.2 71.1 81.6 971.9 334220 Radio & TV broadcasting & wireless communications equipment mfg 1 096 .............. 40 373 077 48.9 59.2 71.1 81.6 971.9 33429 Other communications equipment mfg 461 ............ 4 103 810 38.1 50.2 68.6 84.9 526.0 334290 Other communications equipment mfg 461 .......... 4 103 810 38.1 50.2 68.6 84.9 526.0 3343 Audio & video equipment mfg 521 ..................... 8 226 685 29.8 52.4 74.6 87.8 414.7 33431 Audio & video equipment mfg 521 ................... 8 226 685 29.8 52.4 74.6 87.8 414.7 334310 Audio & video equipment mfg 521 ................. 8 226 685 29.8 52.4 74.6 87.8 414.7 3344 Semiconductor & other electronic component mfg 5 652 .... 139 083 873 34.3 42.8 54.2 65.5 413.7 33441 Semiconductor & other electronic component mfg 5 652 .. 139 083 873 34.3 42.8 54.2 65.5 413.7 334411 Electron tube mfg 147 ............................ 3 789 948 57.3 80.2 91.5 98.1 1 183.4 334412 Bare printed circuit board mfg 1 319 ................. 8 507 125 16.3 24.7 39.3 58.1 117.4 334413 Semiconductor & related device mfg 993 ........... 78 479 496 52.5 64.0 78.0 88.5 1 080.1 334414 Electronic capacitor mfg 112 ...................... 2 560 984 61.1 74.9 88.2 97.3 1 086.3 334415 Electronic resistor mfg 90 ........................ 1 240 008 42.6 59.1 82.3 97.0 719.4 334416 Electronic coil, transformer, & other inductor mfg 426 . 1 524 064 13.5 21.8 38.6 57.3 102.9 334417 Electronic connector mfg 281 ..................... 5 550 540 50.7 62.0 76.1 88.3 1 356.2 334418 Printed circuit assembly (electronic assembly) mfg 673 ....................................... 27 103 573 40.6 53.0 67.0 79.4 605.0 334419 Other electronic component mfg 1 781 ............... 10 328 135 7.8 13.6 25.5 42.6 46.4 3345 Navigational, measuring, medical, & control instruments mfg 4 845 ................................ 89 465 709 24.1 33.2 47.4 61.0 207.5 33451 Navigational, measuring, medical, & control instruments mfg 4 845 .............................. 89 465 709 24.1 33.2 47.4 61.0 207.5 334510 Electromedical & electrotherapeutic apparatus mfg 490 ....................................... 11 581 624 22.7 37.7 60.0 82.0 250.3 334511 Search, detection, navigation, & guidance instrument mfg 579 ............................. 32 661 495 56.7 75.0 87.7 94.6 1 144.6 334512 Automatic environmental control mfg 297 ........... 2 943 971 52.8 64.3 77.6 87.6 918.6 334513 Industrial process control instrument mfg 919 ....... 7 662 564 30.8 39.1 53.0 66.5 317.4 334514 Totalizing fluid meter & counting device mfg 210 ..... 3 716 095 53.2 68.2 86.4 94.4 1 250.6 334515 Electricity measuring & testing instrument mfg 762 ... 14 025 050 42.7 53.7 65.7 79.5 632.7 334516 Analytical laboratory instrument mfg 637 ............ 6 899 852 33.6 48.3 64.0 77.3 387.0 334517 Irradiation apparatus mfg 134 ..................... 3 970 454 58.3 77.4 91.4 97.3 1 190.1 334518 Watch, clock, & part mfg 145 ...................... 921 827 48.1 62.7 86.9 96.9 750.2 334519 Other measuring & controlling device mfg 826 ....... 5 082 777 16.0 25.6 40.0 57.7 117.5 3346 Mfg & reproducing magnetic & optical media 843 ........ 9 697 625 25.2 41.1 65.3 81.8 294.1 33461 Mfg & reproducing magnetic & optical media 843 ...... 9 697 625 25.2 41.1 65.3 81.8 294.1 334611 Software reproducing 112 ......................... 1 209 207 65.3 75.2 87.1 96.6 D 334612 Prerecorded CD (except software), tape, & record reproducing 492 .......................... 3 809 652 39.3 56.0 73.8 85.3 539.4 334613 Magnetic & optical recording media mfg 241 ........ 4 678 766 37.9 59.4 87.0 95.9 585.7 335 Electrical equipment, appliance, & component mfg 5 839 ..... 112 116 267 14.8 23.2 36.8 51.0 105.9 3351 Electric lighting equipment mfg 1 211 .................... 12 710 091 35.3 49.2 61.4 71.9 396.4 33511 Electric lamp bulb & part mfg 54 .................... 3 306 009 88.9 94.3 98.6 99.9 2 849.0 335110 Electric lamp bulb & part mfg 54 .................. 3 306 009 88.9 94.3 98.6 99.9 2 849.0 33512 Lighting fixture mfg 1 160 ............................. 9 404 082 28.6 39.6 52.6 65.6 272.8 335121 Residential electric lighting fixture mfg 543 .......... 2 255 251 24.5 36.5 55.8 73.6 266.3 335122 Commercial/industrial/institutional electric lighting fixture mfg 326 ................................. 4 101 442 43.5 59.4 71.2 83.3 666.4 335129 Other lighting equipment mfg 310 .................. 3 047 389 25.1 38.2 59.7 80.9 262.1 See footnotes at end of table. 

# MANUFACTURING

m SUBJECT SERIES CONCENTRATION RATIOS 15 U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census May 24, 2001

# Table 2. 

# Share of Value of Shipments Accounted for by the 4, 8, 20, and 50 Largest Companies **in Each of the 3**~**, 4**~**, 5**~**, and 6**~ **Digit NAICS Industries: 1997**

m Con. [For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendixes]

NACIS code Industry group and industry Percent of value of shipments accounted for by the– Companies 1 Value of shipments2

($1000) 4 largest companies 8 largest companies 20 largest companies 50 largest companies Herfindahl ~ Herschmann index for 50 largest companies3 335 Electrical equipment, appliance, & component mfg

m Con. 3352 Household appliance mfg 265 ......................... 21 394 445 53.6 65.0 80.1 95.3 816.2 33521 Small electrical appliance mfg 144 ................... 5 907 367 35.0 53.3 85.1 98.2 510.4 335211 Electric housewares & household fan mfg 119 ....... 3 532 813 43.1 65.1 92.6 98.7 777.5 335212 Household vacuum cleaner mfg 25 ............... 2 374 554 68.5 92.4 99.9 100.0 1 437.9 33522 Major appliance mfg 126 ............................ 15 487 078 66.6 78.5 93.7 99.1 1 276.3 335221 Household cooking appliance mfg 77 .............. 3 520 635 58.1 78.3 94.8 99.8 1 083.2 335222 Household refrigerator & home freezer mfg 21 ..... 4 887 364 81.5 97.0 D 100.0 2 025.1 335224 Household laundry equipment mfg 10 ............. 3 847 002 90.4 D 100.0 N 2 870.3 335228 Other major household appliance mfg 32 .......... 3 232 077 56.6 86.2 99.5 100.0 1 086.8 3353 Electrical equipment mfg 2 517 .......................... 36 233 634 25.7 40.2 55.5 68.0 255.5 33531 Electrical equipment mfg 2 517 ........................ 36 233 634 25.7 40.2 55.5 68.0 255.5 335311 Power, distribution, & specialty transformer mfg 275 .. 4 743 781 40.9 61.0 78.9 91.4 592.0 335312 Motor & generator mfg 559 ....................... 12 174 434 33.0 47.0 68.1 84.9 439.0 335313 Switchgear & switchboard apparatus mfg 496 ....... 7 488 911 49.6 64.3 76.1 85.0 753.5 335314 Relay & industrial control mfg 1 241 .................. 11 826 508 38.3 47.9 58.3 70.0 569.5 3359 Other electrical equipment & component mfg 1 939 ........ 41 778 097 11.5 18.4 33.0 55.2 80.8 33591 Battery mfg 127 ................................... 6 823 196 46.5 71.9 91.9 98.8 814.7 335911 Storage battery mfg 96 .......................... 4 435 329 52.0 75.0 92.4 99.1 898.7 335912 Primary battery mfg 35 .......................... 2 387 867 90.1 97.7 99.8 100.0 2 882.9 33592 Communication & energy wire & cable mfg 219 ........ 15 245 693 28.0 42.1 69.5 87.0 335.6 335921 Fiber optic cable mfg 36 ......................... 2 772 428 69.0 84.5 96.8 100.0 1 790.9 335929 Other communication & energy wire mfg 193 ........ 12 473 265 28.4 41.7 69.7 87.8 340.2 33593 Wiring device mfg 604 .............................. 10 328 708 17.4 29.6 52.4 77.5 185.7 335931 Current~carrying wiring device mfg 446 ............. 5 877 522 21.2 35.0 59.1 80.3 232.0 335932 Noncurrent~carrying wiring device mfg 168 .......... 4 451 186 30.8 50.5 82.3 95.8 440.1 33599 All other electrical equipment & component mfg 1 026 .... 9 380 500 12.8 21.0 37.4 55.2 93.9 335991 Carbon & graphite product mfg 99 ................ 2 340 732 51.4 71.6 88.1 97.5 813.2 335999 All other miscellaneous electrical equipment & component mfg 928 ............................. 7 039 768 10.9 20.2 34.8 52.8 81.1 336 Transportation equipment mfg 10 979 ....................... 575 306 996 49.7 57.8 68.6 77.5 797.6 3361 Motor vehicle mfg 325 ................................ 220 052 857 82.4 91.8 98.8 99.7 2 505.8 33611 Automobile & light duty motor vehicle mfg 253 ......... 205 543 825 88.3 97.5 99.7 99.9 2 862.8 336111 Automobile mfg 173 .............................. 95 365 667 79.5 96.3 99.5 99.9 2 349.7 336112 Light truck & utility vehicle mfg 84 ................. 110 178 158 99.3 99.9 99.9 99.9 D 33612 Heavy duty truck mfg 75 ........................... 14 509 032 74.4 90.3 98.5 99.8 1 597.1 336120 Heavy duty truck mfg 75 ......................... 14 509 032 74.4 90.3 98.5 99.8 1 597.1 3362 Motor vehicle body & trailer mfg 1 922 ................... 23 007 668 22.4 30.7 45.1 61.8 198.9 33621 Motor vehicle body & trailer mfg 1 922 ................. 23 007 668 22.4 30.7 45.1 61.8 198.9 336211 Motor vehicle body mfg 747 ....................... 9 008 512 34.4 43.9 59.4 74.9 694.7 336212 Truck trailer mfg 355 ............................. 5 504 115 41.7 54.1 71.5 85.6 578.3 336213 Motor home mfg 75 ............................. 3 894 350 52.2 75.4 94.5 99.7 980.2 336214 Travel trailer & camper mfg 761 ................... 4 600 691 26.0 35.3 49.8 67.1 262.2 3363 Motor vehicle parts mfg 4 767 ........................... 178 511 569 41.6 49.3 61.0 70.7 658.8 33631 Motor vehicle gasoline engine & engine parts mfg 924 .. 28 518 227 64.4 72.6 82.3 91.2 1 293.8 336311 Carburetor, piston, piston ring, & valve mfg 122 ...... 2 731 573 60.2 77.8 92.5 98.5 1 558.5 336312 Gasoline engine & engine parts mfg 810 ............ 25 786 654 67.5 75.5 84.8 92.8 1 425.1 33632 Motor vehicle electrical & electronic equipment mfg 981 ......................................... 21 633 391 51.8 61.0 73.3 85.7 1 419.9 336321 Vehicular lighting equipment mfg 99 ............... 3 336 152 58.3 76.5 92.7 99.1 1 164.4 336322 Other motor vehicle electrical & electronic equipment mfg 890 ............................. 18 297 239 53.4 64.2 75.9 87.1 1 615.3 33633 Motor vehicle steering & suspension component (except spring) mfg 183 ........................... 10 632 673 60.1 72.3 85.6 97.1 1 415.6 336330 Motor vehicle steering & suspension component (except spring) mfg 183 ......................... 10 632 673 60.1 72.3 85.6 97.1 1 415.6 33634 Motor vehicle brake system mfg 203 ................. 10 981 044 59.2 77.2 89.2 96.5 1 101.0 336340 Motor vehicle brake system mfg 203 ............... 10 981 044 59.2 77.2 89.2 96.5 1 101.0 33635 Motor vehicle transmission & power train parts mfg 427 . 30 105 923 60.0 79.1 90.9 96.2 1 056.6 336350 Motor vehicle transmission & power train parts mfg 427 ....................................... 30 105 923 60.0 79.1 90.9 96.2 1 056.6 33636 Motor vehicle seating & interior trim mfg 280 .......... 11 869 070 62.2 74.6 87.2 96.5 1 449.2 336360 Motor vehicle seating & interior trim mfg 280 ........ 11 869 070 62.2 74.6 87.2 96.5 1 449.2 33637 Motor vehicle metal stamping 662 ................... 23 633 912 45.1 50.7 59.1 71.0 693.4 336370 Motor vehicle metal stamping 662 ................. 23 633 912 45.1 50.7 59.1 71.0 693.4 33639 Other motor vehicle parts mfg 1 321 ................... 41 137 329 31.7 41.4 56.7 71.7 364.0 336391 Motor vehicle air~conditioning mfg 58 .............. 5 626 596 76.1 89.0 98.7 99.9 2 227.1 336399 All other motor vehicle parts mfg 1 271 ............... 35 510 733 27.2 38.3 54.8 70.6 266.4 3364 Aerospace product & parts mfg 1 530 .................... 120 438 212 62.3 78.1 88.0 92.8 1 636.9 33641 Aerospace product & parts mfg 1 530 .................. 120 438 212 62.3 78.1 88.0 92.8 1 636.9 336411 Aircraft mfg 172 ................................. 57 893 242 84.8 96.0 98.7 99.7 D 336412 Aircraft engine & engine parts mfg 281 ............. 22 859 270 77.2 82.3 88.6 94.7 2 057.5 336413 Other aircraft part & auxiliary equipment mfg 1 049 .... 19 373 554 53.3 66.6 75.5 84.1 1 038.3 336414 Guided missile & space vehicle mfg 15 ............ 16 247 363 89.2 99.7 100.0 N D 336415 Guided missile & space vehicle propulsion unit & parts mfg 19 .................................. 3 101 378 78.5 97.5 100.0 N 1 978.2 336419 Other guided missile & space vehicle parts & auxiliary equip mfg 48 .......................... 963 405 73.0 85.4 97.0 100.0 2 341.2 3365 Railroad rolling stock mfg 173 ......................... 8 263 395 57.2 71.9 87.9 96.2 1 029.3 33651 Railroad rolling stock mfg 173 ....................... 8 263 395 57.2 71.9 87.9 96.2 1 029.3 336510 Railroad rolling stock mfg 173 ..................... 8 263 395 57.2 71.9 87.9 96.2 1 029.3 3366 Ship & boat building 1 630 .............................. 16 150 259 38.4 50.7 63.3 74.4 449.5 33661 Ship & boat building 1 630 ............................ 16 150 259 38.4 50.7 63.3 74.4 449.5 336611 Ship building & repairing 649 ...................... 10 542 961 52.6 64.5 76.5 86.5 872.7 336612 Boat building 984 ................................ 5 607 298 41.4 48.9 61.0 75.4 644.5 See footnotes at end of table. 

# 16 CONCENTRATION RATIOS MANUFACTURING

m SUBJECT SERIES U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census May 24, 2001

# Table 2. 

# Share of Value of Shipments Accounted for by the 4, 8, 20, and 50 Largest Companies **in Each of the 3**~**, 4**~**, 5**~**, and 6**~ **Digit NAICS Industries: 1997**

m Con. [For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendixes]

NACIS code Industry group and industry Percent of value of shipments accounted for by the– Companies 1 Value of shipments2

($1000) 4 largest companies 8 largest companies 20 largest companies 50 largest companies Herfindahl ~ Herschmann index for 50 largest companies3 336 Transportation equipment mfg

m Con. 3369 Other transportation equipment mfg 758 ................ 8 883 036 37.9 55.7 77.3 86.0 563.3 33699 Other transportation equipment mfg 758 .............. 8 883 036 37.9 55.7 77.3 86.0 563.3 336991 Motorcycle, bicycle, & parts mfg 373 ............... 3 382 689 67.5 76.7 85.9 92.3 2 036.5 336992 Military armored vehicle, tank, & tank component mfg 37 ....................................... 1 063 668 85.0 92.4 99.0 100.0 D 336999 All other transportation equipment mfg 349 .......... 4 436 679 50.7 75.3 83.0 90.6 885.2 337 Furniture & related product mfg 19 838 ...................... 64 299 098 11.2 17.6 27.5 37.2 55.5 3371 Household & institutional furniture & kitchen cabinet mfg 14 732 ........................................... 36 418 307 13.8 19.5 28.8 40.0 73.3 33711 Wood kitchen cabinet & counter top mfg 7 872 .......... 9 029 834 18.2 25.7 36.5 45.0 133.1 337110 Wood kitchen cabinet & counter top mfg 7 872 ........ 9 029 834 18.2 25.7 36.5 45.0 133.1 33712 Household & institutional furniture mfg 6 867 ............ 27 388 473 17.7 24.6 34.7 47.2 117.3 337121 Upholstered household furniture mfg 1 566 ........... 8 232 635 31.5 39.1 53.7 68.7 301.0 337122 Nonupholstered wood household furniture mfg 3 677 ... 11 318 807 25.7 36.5 50.5 64.3 237.5 337124 Metal household furniture mfg 389 ................. 2 417 293 26.2 41.0 63.4 82.2 288.9 337125 Household furniture (except wood & metal) mfg 211 .. 547 227 45.2 60.1 78.5 91.2 635.0 337127 Institutional furniture mfg 977 ...................... 4 554 577 18.8 27.0 41.2 58.7 147.3 337129 Wood television, radio, & sewing machine cabinet mfg 99 ....................................... 317 934 45.8 63.0 85.6 96.6 752.0 3372 Office furniture (including fixtures) mfg 4 086 .............. 21 517 554 28.7 35.9 42.8 51.4 252.5 33721 Office furniture (including fixtures) mfg 4 086 ............ 21 517 554 28.7 35.9 42.8 51.4 252.5 337211 Wood office furniture mfg 639 ..................... 3 021 800 34.9 42.2 54.8 70.0 399.4 337212 Custom architectural woodwork & millwork mfg 1 094 .. 2 205 019 7.8 11.7 19.9 34.5 34.4 337214 Office furniture (except wood) mfg 303 ............. 8 341 389 64.7 78.7 87.0 93.7 1 272.2 337215 Showcase, partition, shelving, & locker mfg 2 073 ..... 7 949 346 9.9 15.5 26.2 41.1 53.7 3379 Other furniture related product mfg 1 071 ................. 6 363 237 34.4 44.5 55.5 66.8 355.6 33791 Mattress mfg 628 .................................. 3 936 972 38.6 44.8 55.3 68.3 561.0 337910 Mattress mfg 628 ................................ 3 936 972 38.6 44.8 55.3 68.3 561.0 33792 Blind & shade mfg 443 ............................. 2 426 265 54.1 65.9 76.0 86.7 979.5 337920 Blind & shade mfg 443 ........................... 2 426 265 54.1 65.9 76.0 86.7 979.5 339 Miscellaneous mfg 30 335 ................................. 99 729 798 7.4 11.4 19.4 30.2 33.2 3391 Medical equipment & supplies mfg 12 123 ................. 44 893 840 16.3 24.0 37.4 54.4 137.5 33911 Medical equipment & supplies mfg 12 123 ............... 44 893 840 16.3 24.0 37.4 54.4 137.5 339111 Laboratory apparatus & furniture mfg 371 ........... 2 220 507 19.0 33.3 55.1 74.4 202.5 339112 Surgical & medical instrument mfg 1 456 ............. 18 292 919 31.4 44.0 61.6 76.7 366.8 339113 Surgical appliance & supplies mfg 1 511 .............. 15 233 098 17.0 29.3 51.3 68.9 166.8 339114 Dental equipment & supplies mfg 849 .............. 2 666 147 34.5 46.1 64.7 78.8 400.0 339115 Ophthalmic goods mfg 520 ....................... 3 497 595 43.3 59.0 78.3 88.2 645.2 339116 Dental laboratories 7 490 ........................... 2 983 574 5.1 6.6 9.2 13.9 8.8 3399 Other miscellaneous mfg 18 232 ......................... 54 835 958 5.7 10.0 17.8 27.1 21.2 33991 Jewelry & silverware mfg 3 737 ....................... 8 303 714 11.1 17.0 28.7 45.1 65.2 339911 Jewelry (except costume) mfg 2 278 ................. 5 320 508 12.5 19.6 34.2 50.2 81.4 339912 Silverware & plated ware mfg 158 .................. 892 378 68.4 77.0 88.2 95.9 2 134.3 339913 Jewelers’ material & lapidary work mfg 391 ......... 802 515 27.3 41.9 62.5 79.3 296.8 339914 Costume jewelry & novelty mfg 917 ................ 1 288 313 25.2 41.2 55.3 69.0 256.3 33992 Sporting & athletic goods mfg 2 477 ................... 10 633 528 21.4 29.2 43.6 59.7 161.1 339920 Sporting & athletic goods mfg 2 477 ................. 10 633 528 21.4 29.2 43.6 59.7 161.1 33993 Doll, toy, & game mfg 995 .......................... 4 763 522 40.0 49.8 61.9 76.2 495.9 339931 Doll & stuffed toy mfg 239 ........................ 300 678 31.1 51.1 72.2 89.6 403.9 339932 Game, toy, & children’s vehicle mfg 756 ............ 4 462 844 42.7 53.1 66.0 80.1 564.0 33994 Office supplies (except paper) mfg 999 ............... 4 329 053 31.2 41.4 56.9 74.3 342.3 339941 Pen & mechanical pencil mfg 106 .................. 1 538 812 65.4 77.7 89.6 98.0 1 374.8 339942 Lead pencil & art good mfg 171 .................... 1 278 701 52.4 65.6 83.7 94.6 1 047.9 339943 Marking device mfg 617 .......................... 661 173 25.5 37.8 53.6 68.0 233.6 339944 Carbon paper & inked ribbon mfg 106 .............. 850 367 40.3 58.6 81.8 95.1 572.6 33995 Sign mfg 5 580 ...................................... 7 997 974 7.9 12.2 19.5 30.9 34.5 339950 Sign mfg 5 580 .................................... 7 997 974 7.9 12.2 19.5 30.9 34.5 33999 All other miscellaneous mfg 4 475 ..................... 18 808 167 9.5 16.3 27.5 42.6 54.9 339991 Gasket, packing, & sealing device mfg 561 .......... 5 243 005 23.5 35.7 54.7 72.2 223.5 339992 Musical instrument mfg 552 ....................... 1 324 529 32.6 45.5 68.1 83.3 420.8 339993 Fastener, button, needle, & pin mfg 240 ............ 838 928 46.3 56.2 70.8 88.6 952.2 339994 Broom, brush, & mop mfg 306 ..................... 2 083 585 25.9 38.2 60.5 79.7 286.2 339995 Burial casket mfg 161 ............................ 1 219 943 74.2 80.2 88.4 95.4 2 964.6 339999 All other miscellaneous mfg 2 660 ................... 8 098 177 15.1 23.3 37.8 51.4 100.5

1 For the census, a company is defined as a business organization consisting of one establishment or more under common ownership or control. 2 For most industries, data are value of shipments. For industries 311411, 311412, 311421, 311422, 311711, 311712, 311941, 311999, 312140, 312210, 31 2221, and 312229, value of production is shown. For industry 336611, value of work done is shown. 3The Herfindahl ~ Herschmann index is calculated by summing the squares of the individual company percentages for the 50 largest companies or theuniverse, whichever is lower.



# MANUFACTURING

m SUBJECT SERIES CONCENTRATION RATIOS 17 U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census May 24, 2001

# Table 3. 

# Share of Value Added Accounted for by the 4, 8, 20, and 50 Largest Companies in **Each of the 3**~ **, 4**~**, 5**~**, and 6**~ **Digit NAICS Industries: 1997** [For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendixes]

NACIS code Industry group and industry Percent of value added accounted for by the2

– Companies 1 Value added by manufacture ($1000) 4 largest companies 8 largest companies 20 largest companies 50 largest companies Herfindahl ~ Herschmann index for 50 largest companies3 311 Food mfg 21 958 ......................................... 163 675 301 10.9 20.0 37.4 53.4 87.0 3111 Animal food mfg 1 077 ................................. 8 779 741 32.7 46.3 63.0 77.1 415.9 31111 Animal food mfg 1 077 ............................... 8 779 741 32.7 46.3 63.0 77.1 415.9 311111 Dog & cat food mfg 129 .......................... 4 307 078 63.4 83.2 94.3 98.9 1 447.3 311119 Other animal food mfg 962 ........................ 4 472 663 24.6 35.1 51.2 67.6 233.0 3112 Grain & oilseed milling 534 ............................ 15 867 943 48.7 64.2 80.2 90.6 776.1 31121 Flour milling & malt mfg 324 ......................... 2 689 069 32.1 51.2 69.4 87.5 414.1 311211 Flour milling 254 ................................. 1 894 615 42.3 59.8 78.5 92.6 591.6 311212 Rice milling 56 ................................. 587 737 57.1 72.4 90.4 99.9 1 384.7 311213 Malt mfg 19 .................................... 206 717 66.5 95.1 100.0 N 1 394.4 31122 Starch & vegetable fats & oils mfg 179 ............... 6 622 646 53.3 68.4 87.8 97.1 1 005.6 311221 Wet corn milling 30 ............................. 3 071 056 73.7 91.0 99.8 100.0 1 706.9 311222 Soybean processing 43 ......................... 1 623 082 73.4 92.2 99.0 100.0 1 841.8 311223 Other oilseed processing 32 ..................... 246 561 72.7 90.5 99.9 100.0 2 925.2 311225 Fats & oils refining & blending 91 ................. 1 681 947 44.4 64.4 89.7 99.0 666.2 31123 Breakfast cereal mfg 48 ........................... 6 556 228 86.7 94.7 99.3 100.0 2 773.7 311230 Breakfast cereal mfg 48 ......................... 6 556 228 86.7 94.7 99.3 100.0 2 773.7 3113 Sugar & confectionery product mfg 1 556 ................. 11 876 056 45.3 57.6 75.7 86.6 687.1 31131 Sugar mfg 49 .................................... 2 156 119 54.2 78.0 95.2 100.0 1 073.1 311311 Sugarcane mills 34 ............................. 647 496 61.8 78.4 94.7 100.0 1 174.9 311312 Cane sugar refining 12 .......................... 540 141 96.4 99.9 100.0 N D 311313 Beet sugar mfg 8 .............................. 968 482 82.7 100.0 N N 1 931.1 31132 Chocolate & confectionery mfg from cacao beans 152 .. 1 821 177 86.6 93.7 98.2 99.3 2 892.4 311320 Chocolate & confectionery mfg from cacao beans 152 ..................................... 1 821 177 86.6 93.7 98.2 99.3 2 892.4 31133 Confectionery mfg from purchased chocolate 796 ...... 4 815 479 67.9 78.4 86.3 93.2 1 775.1 311330 Confectionery mfg from purchased chocolate 796 .... 4 815 479 67.9 78.4 86.3 93.2 1 775.1 31134 Nonchocolate confectionery mfg 578 ................. 3 083 281 44.0 65.5 81.3 92.5 722.9 311340 Nonchocolate confectionery mfg 578 ............... 3 083 281 44.0 65.5 81.3 92.5 722.9 3114 Fruit & vegetable preserving & specialty food mfg 1 394 .... 23 360 633 31.5 40.8 57.1 73.3 353.5 31141 Frozen food mfg 531 ............................... 9 876 210 34.9 49.7 67.1 82.0 424.7 311411 Frozen fruit, juice, & vegetable mfg 177 ............. 4 507 930 41.2 54.4 74.7 91.6 587.3 311412 Frozen specialty food mfg 363 ..................... 5 368 280 44.8 59.2 77.0 89.6 613.3 31142 Fruit & vegetable canning, pickling, & drying 887 ....... 13 484 423 34.5 45.0 64.5 80.8 540.2 311421 Fruit & vegetable canning 661 ..................... 6 940 605 25.7 39.9 62.7 79.4 291.0 311422 Specialty canning 122 ............................ 5 185 647 72.8 87.3 97.3 99.6 2 632.7 311423 Dried & dehydrated food mfg 125 .................. 1 358 171 31.4 53.1 80.1 97.1 474.7 3115 Dairy product mfg 1 329 ................................ 17 621 758 25.6 35.7 52.7 69.5 241.2 31151 Dairy product (except frozen) mfg 948 ................ 15 071 625 29.5 38.9 56.7 72.0 301.5 311511 Fluid milk mfg 402 ............................... 6 284 684 22.5 35.3 52.3 73.3 219.5 311512 Creamery butter mfg 32 ......................... 241 876 56.7 75.8 96.9 100.0 1 264.8 311513 Cheese mfg 399 ................................. 4 376 509 43.4 55.1 74.1 86.8 921.4 311514 Dry, condensed, & evaporated dairy product mfg 169 ....................................... 4 168 556 68.8 77.5 86.7 95.9 2 083.1 31152 Ice cream & frozen dessert mfg 409 .................. 2 550 133 39.2 54.4 75.1 89.6 657.4 311520 Ice cream & frozen dessert mfg 409 ................ 2 550 133 39.2 54.4 75.1 89.6 657.4 3116 Meat product mfg 2 794 ................................ 30 172 670 26.9 41.2 56.7 68.9 290.7 31161 Animal slaughtering & processing 2 794 ................ 30 172 670 26.9 41.2 56.7 68.9 290.7 311611 Animal (except poultry) slaughtering 1 307 ............ 8 589 698 42.5 65.8 78.3 87.3 639.6 311612 Meat processed from carcasses 1 163 ............... 8 242 526 23.5 33.6 48.4 63.9 204.2 311613 Rendering & meat byproduct processing 137 ........ 1 254 647 40.2 60.8 80.1 93.2 629.6 311615 Poultry processing 257 ........................... 12 085 799 45.0 56.8 73.6 91.2 877.2 3117 Seafood product preparation & packaging 731 ........... 2 512 047 12.5 21.7 40.8 63.9 112.1 31171 Seafood product preparation & packaging 731 ......... 2 512 047 12.5 21.7 40.8 63.9 112.1 311711 Seafood canning 152 ............................. 330 603 27.2 45.0 74.6 94.5 373.6 311712 Fresh & frozen seafood processing 586 ............ 2 181 444 13.2 22.9 43.4 67.9 125.7 3118 Bakeries & tortilla mfg 10 437 ............................ 27 160 518 32.0 43.5 59.0 70.9 346.2 31181 Bread & bakery product mfg 9 489 ..................... 16 631 875 35.3 45.4 60.8 71.3 528.3 311811 Retail bakeries 6 906 .............................. 1 227 763 2.5 4.0 6.9 11.4 3.8 311812 Commercial bakeries 2 401 ......................... 14 036 766 41.2 53.0 68.3 79.5 724.2 311813 Frozen cakes, pies, & other pastries mfg 223 ........ 1 367 346 41.2 53.2 69.5 87.9 635.6 31182 Cookie, cracker, & pasta mfg 767 .................... 9 907 805 46.9 59.9 74.4 87.5 772.7 311821 Cookie & cracker mfg 322 ........................ 6 366 872 64.6 76.6 89.7 96.0 1 609.7 311822 Flour mixes & dough mfg from purchased flour 206 .. 2 495 635 49.6 62.9 79.3 93.9 1 292.9 311823 Dry pasta mfg 249 ............................... 1 045 298 58.5 75.8 88.0 92.9 1 524.2 31183 Tortilla mfg 217 .................................... 620 838 58.4 65.4 76.0 89.6 1 881.7 311830 Tortilla mfg 217 .................................. 620 838 58.4 65.4 76.0 89.6 1 881.7 3119 Other food mfg 2 493 .................................. 26 323 935 40.6 48.7 60.1 70.6 539.1 31191 Snack food mfg 466 ................................ 7 483 020 63.0 68.9 80.7 90.5 2 618.9 311911 Roasted nuts & peanut butter mfg 128 .............. 1 574 476 49.4 69.9 85.9 96.6 855.9 311919 Other snack food mfg 340 ........................ 5 908 544 72.2 77.7 88.2 94.3 D 31192 Coffee & tea mfg 215 .............................. 3 644 653 57.5 70.0 87.1 95.4 1 187.2 311920 Coffee & tea mfg 215 ............................ 3 644 653 57.5 70.0 87.1 95.4 1 187.2 31193 Flavoring syrup & concentrate mfg 149 ............... 4 945 331 D 90.7 95.5 98.6 D 311930 Flavoring syrup & concentrate mfg 149 ............. 4 945 331 D 90.7 95.5 98.6 D 31194 Seasoning & dressing mfg 525 ...................... 5 108 356 34.2 51.2 67.1 82.0 406.8 311941 Mayonnaise, dressing, & other prepared sauce mfg 293 ....................................... 2 945 653 43.3 61.6 79.6 93.1 640.0 311942 Spice & extract mfg 241 .......................... 2 162 703 46.8 55.7 71.0 86.4 854.7 31199 All other food mfg 1 197 .............................. 5 142 575 19.7 29.0 44.2 60.8 160.3 311991 Perishable prepared food mfg 415 ................. 1 394 441 26.3 39.1 57.2 75.2 260.3 311999 All other miscellaneous food mfg 785 ............... 3 748 134 23.5 36.0 52.7 70.0 223.0 See footnotes at end of table. 

# 18 CONCENTRATION RATIOS MANUFACTURING

m SUBJECT SERIES U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census May 24, 2001

# Table 3. 

# Share of Value Added Accounted for by the 4, 8, 20, and 50 Largest Companies in **Each of the 3**~ **, 4**~**, 5**~**, and 6**~ **Digit NAICS Industries: 1997**

m Con. [For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendixes]

NACIS code Industry group and industry Percent of value added accounted for by the2

– Companies 1 Value added by manufacture ($1000) 4 largest companies 8 largest companies 20 largest companies 50 largest companies Herfindahl ~ Herschmann index for 50 largest companies3 312 Beverage & tobacco product mfg 2 237 .................... 56 433 891 53.3 66.3 78.7 87.5 1 166.4 3121 Beverage mfg 2 169 ................................... 29 743 502 41.9 54.8 69.8 81.0 673.8 31211 Soft drink & ice mfg 1 008 ............................ 13 131 224 44.7 55.6 70.1 83.0 663.4 312111 Soft drink mfg 388 ............................... 12 422 141 47.2 58.8 73.1 86.3 738.0 312112 Bottled water mfg 109 ............................ 412 997 58.9 71.3 85.4 96.5 1 363.6 312113 Ice mfg 514 ..................................... 296 086 27.2 34.4 47.0 64.4 391.0 31212 Breweries 494 ..................................... 11 234 126 90.7 93.9 95.7 97.0 D 312120 Breweries 494 ................................... 11 234 126 90.7 93.9 95.7 97.0 D 31213 Wineries 637 ...................................... 3 161 416 37.8 52.3 70.9 82.1 565.4 312130 Wineries 637 .................................... 3 161 416 37.8 52.3 70.9 82.1 565.4 31214 Distilleries 44 .................................... 2 216 736 64.8 82.5 98.1 100.0 1 335.1 312140 Distilleries 44 .................................. 2 216 736 64.8 82.5 98.1 100.0 1 335.1 3122 Tobacco mfg 70 .................................... 26 690 389 87.5 95.0 99.4 99.9 D 31221 Tobacco stemming & redrying 13 ................... 619 176 77.0 D 100.0 N 2 332.5 312210 Tobacco stemming & redrying 13 ................. 619 176 77.0 D 100.0 N 2 332.5 31222 Tobacco product mfg 63 ........................... 26 071 213 89.0 96.4 99.8 99.9 D 312221 Cigarette mfg 9 ............................... 23 338 692 98.9 D 100.0 N D 312229 Other tobacco product mfg 56 .................... 2 732 521 69.4 86.7 98.8 99.9 2 381.1 313 Textile mills 3 863 ....................................... 23 696 948 11.2 17.9 30.9 48.4 69.6 3131 Fiber, yarn, & thread mills 358 ......................... 4 202 226 25.7 39.6 59.8 79.8 280.2 31311 Fiber, yarn, & thread mills 358 ....................... 4 202 226 25.7 39.6 59.8 79.8 280.2 313111 Yarn spinning mills 229 ........................... 2 964 156 26.1 38.9 61.3 85.8 280.1 313112 Yarn texturing, throwing, & twisting mills 101 ........ 1 096 088 57.9 67.5 84.4 97.3 1 478.0 313113 Thread mills 44 ................................. 141 982 63.1 80.3 95.3 100.0 1 213.6 3132 Fabric mills 1 796 ..................................... 12 598 396 12.8 21.3 37.6 57.1 97.5 31321 Broadwoven fabric mills 734 ........................ 7 505 926 19.7 32.5 54.4 78.6 208.6 313210 Broadwoven fabric mills 734 ...................... 7 505 926 19.7 32.5 54.4 78.6 208.6 31322 Narrow fabric mills & schiffli machine embroidery 478 .. 949 913 16.7 26.9 47.9 74.3 164.5 313221 Narrow fabric mills 243 ........................... 786 758 20.2 32.5 57.4 84.3 229.7 313222 Schiffli machine embroidery 235 ................... 163 155 28.0 45.2 66.7 84.7 338.0 31323 Nonwoven fabric mills 212 .......................... 1 751 967 32.9 47.3 70.2 87.1 465.1 313230 Nonwoven fabric mills 212 ........................ 1 751 967 32.9 47.3 70.2 87.1 465.1 31324 Knit fabric mills 407 ................................ 2 390 590 24.8 35.0 50.7 68.7 248.5 313241 Weft knit fabric mills 236 .......................... 1 150 044 24.8 34.3 52.5 75.5 296.5 313249 Other knit fabric & lace mills 181 ................... 1 240 546 38.5 52.8 71.2 87.8 624.8 3133 Textile & fabric finishing & fabric coating mills 1 827 ........ 6 896 326 13.4 21.8 36.1 51.4 93.3 31331 Textile & fabric finishing mills 1 589 .................... 6 006 310 15.4 24.9 40.9 56.7 119.3 313311 Broadwoven fabric finishing mills 1 255 ............... 4 032 378 19.7 31.6 47.2 61.5 179.4 313312 Textile & fabric finishing mills 346 .................. 1 973 932 29.2 39.8 57.8 77.5 303.6 31332 Fabric coating mills 246 ............................ 890 016 17.2 29.3 50.4 75.2 173.2 313320 Fabric coating mills 246 .......................... 890 016 17.2 29.3 50.4 75.2 173.2 314 Textile product mills 7 516 ................................ 13 613 111 20.3 28.3 41.3 52.9 145.9 3141 Textile furnishings mills 3 080 ........................... 8 588 430 31.6 44.3 61.4 75.0 338.8 31411 Carpet & rug mills 413 .............................. 4 513 421 47.9 63.0 80.6 92.6 825.1 314110 Carpet & rug mills 413 ............................ 4 513 421 47.9 63.0 80.6 92.6 825.1 31412 Curtain & linen mills 2 670 ............................ 4 075 009 38.7 48.5 60.5 72.3 472.1 314121 Curtain & drapery mills 2 012 ....................... 943 162 27.2 35.9 49.7 63.7 388.7 314129 Other household textile product mills 668 ........... 3 131 847 50.0 59.3 71.5 82.5 747.1 3149 Other textile product mills 4 455 ......................... 5 024 681 9.3 14.8 23.3 36.1 42.9 31491 Textile bag & canvas mills 2 094 ...................... 1 307 070 8.7 14.8 25.1 39.9 46.1 314911 Textile bag mills 423 ............................. 497 914 21.7 31.4 50.4 70.5 196.9 314912 Canvas & related product mills 1 673 ................ 809 156 10.5 16.5 26.9 42.1 54.5 31499 All other textile product mills 2 366 ..................... 3 717 611 12.5 20.0 31.1 46.9 76.0 314991 Rope, cordage, & twine mills 189 .................. 377 878 34.1 49.8 70.3 88.7 420.5 314992 Tire cord & tire fabric mills 15 .................... 414 831 66.9 92.2 100.0 N 1 498.4 314999 All other miscellaneous textile product mills 2 164 ..... 2 924 902 14.9 21.1 31.2 46.6 89.5 315 Apparel mfg 15 839 ....................................... 33 780 193 17.8 23.2 29.9 39.3 104.4 3151 Apparel knitting mills 1 209 ............................. 4 630 556 22.7 33.4 49.7 66.3 221.9 31511 Hosiery & sock mills 532 ............................ 2 196 914 31.1 42.5 59.6 80.4 343.3 315111 Sheer hosiery mills 136 ........................... 797 444 50.4 64.1 88.2 97.3 928.8 315119 Other hosiery & sock mills 399 .................... 1 399 470 30.8 43.7 66.2 82.9 347.2 31519 Other apparel knitting mills 683 ...................... 2 433 642 34.4 47.7 61.4 74.0 509.4 315191 Outerwear knitting mills 645 ....................... 2 054 507 38.6 49.0 61.8 73.1 647.4 315192 Underwear & nightwear knitting mills 43 ........... 379 135 73.1 86.5 98.9 100.0 1 967.2 3152 Cut & sew apparel mfg 12 487 ........................... 26 800 066 21.2 26.6 33.9 43.3 146.9 31521 Cut & sew apparel contractors 7 677 ................... 4 439 438 8.2 11.9 18.4 26.8 27.3 315211 Men’s & boys’ cut & sew apparel contractors 636 .... 1 241 538 22.1 30.2 43.8 60.2 183.8 315212 Women’s, girls’, & infants’ cut & sew apparel contractors 7 056 ................................. 3 197 900 6.5 9.9 16.0 23.4 20.4 31522 Men’s & boys’ cut & sew apparel mfg 1 362 ............. 10 513 890 40.0 47.5 59.6 71.7 495.2 315221 Men’s & boys’ cut & sew underwear & nightwear mfg 62 ....................................... 815 424 74.0 86.8 96.5 99.9 1 918.1 315222 Men’s & boys’ cut & sew suit, coat, & overcoat mfg 193 ....................................... 1 110 598 45.1 56.9 75.9 91.6 1 103.6 315223 Men’s & boys’ cut & sew shirt (exc work shirt) mfg 387 ....................................... 3 306 989 44.8 57.4 73.4 85.9 851.8 315224 Men’s & boys’ cut & sew trouser, slack, & jean mfg 199 ....................................... 3 392 475 70.1 76.5 86.5 94.6 2 376.1 315225 Men’s & boys’ cut & sew work clothing mfg 149 ...... 999 393 55.0 66.6 83.0 95.3 1 048.4 315228 Men’s & boys’ cut & sew other outerwear mfg 430 ... 889 011 24.3 34.8 52.8 72.8 232.6 See footnotes at end of table. 

# MANUFACTURING

m SUBJECT SERIES CONCENTRATION RATIOS 19 U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census May 24, 2001

# Table 3. 

# Share of Value Added Accounted for by the 4, 8, 20, and 50 Largest Companies in **Each of the 3**~ **, 4**~**, 5**~**, and 6**~ **Digit NAICS Industries: 1997**

m Con. [For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendixes]

NACIS code Industry group and industry Percent of value added accounted for by the2

– Companies 1 Value added by manufacture ($1000) 4 largest companies 8 largest companies 20 largest companies 50 largest companies Herfindahl ~ Herschmann index for 50 largest companies3 315 Apparel mfg

m Con. 3152 Cut & sew apparel mfg

m Con. 31523 Women’s & girls’ cut & sew apparel mfg 2 927 .......... 10 670 675 14.7 21.7 33.2 46.4 90.9 315231 Women’s & girls’ cut/sew lingerie & nightwear mfg 249 ....................................... 1 705 803 49.3 61.4 75.4 89.8 716.0 315232 Women’s & girls’ cut & sew blouse & shirt mfg 714 ... 1 667 037 15.7 25.5 44.8 66.3 139.5 315233 Women’s & girls’ cut & sew dress mfg 747 .......... 2 011 924 13.3 22.9 38.8 58.9 105.9 315234 Women’s & girls’ cut & sew suit, coat, skirt mfg 428 .. 1 656 257 32.9 45.3 61.3 77.8 381.9 315239 Women’s & girls’ cut & sew other outerwear mfg 818 . 3 629 654 24.5 37.4 55.8 74.2 244.2 31529 Other cut & sew apparel mfg 665 .................... 1 176 063 30.0 40.0 56.7 73.6 361.3 315291 Infants’ cut & sew apparel mfg 39 ................. 487 099 68.1 82.2 97.8 100.0 1 771.3 315292 Fur & leather apparel mfg 224 ..................... 115 965 25.0 38.2 56.1 75.4 256.7 315299 All other cut & sew apparel mfg 402 ................ 572 999 23.2 38.5 56.7 75.0 241.6 3159 Apparel accessories & other apparel mfg 2 201 ........... 2 349 571 16.0 24.4 38.6 52.3 118.2 31599 Apparel accessories & other apparel mfg 2 201 ......... 2 349 571 16.0 24.4 38.6 52.3 118.2 315991 Hat, cap, & millinery mfg 363 ...................... 570 346 36.5 46.5 60.2 77.5 426.0 315992 Glove & mitten mfg 98 .......................... 337 930 66.9 74.8 86.5 97.2 2 195.6 315993 Men’s & boys’ neckwear mfg 119 .................. 330 533 46.4 60.0 78.2 93.8 685.0 315999 Other apparel accessories & other apparel mfg 1 626 .. 1 110 762 17.3 26.2 40.3 54.9 131.8 316 Leather & allied product mfg 1 727 ........................ 5 407 999 21.8 33.2 48.9 65.8 186.9 3161 Leather & hide tanning & finishing 327 .................. 1 372 896 51.9 66.4 79.4 91.3 921.3 31611 Leather & hide tanning & finishing 327 ................ 1 372 896 51.9 66.4 79.4 91.3 921.3 316110 Leather & hide tanning & finishing 327 .............. 1 372 896 51.9 66.4 79.4 91.3 921.3 3162 Footwear mfg 366 ................................... 2 219 507 31.4 45.8 67.5 85.6 383.9 31621 Footwear mfg 366 ................................. 2 219 507 31.4 45.8 67.5 85.6 383.9 316211 Rubber & plastics footwear mfg 50 ................ 519 953 57.0 73.3 93.6 100.0 1 158.7 316212 House slipper mfg 22 ........................... 147 572 81.8 96.4 D 100.0 1 959.2 316213 Men’s footwear (except athletic) mfg 123 ........... 1 065 698 55.0 72.0 90.9 99.0 1 117.7 316214 Women’s footwear (except athletic) mfg 97 ........ 373 803 51.5 68.1 89.1 98.7 924.4 316219 Other footwear mfg 87 .......................... 112 481 29.6 50.5 80.0 96.6 424.8 3169 Other leather & allied product mfg 1 045 .................. 1 815 596 29.2 38.4 52.9 68.9 439.8 31699 Other leather & allied product mfg 1 045 ................ 1 815 596 29.2 38.4 52.9 68.9 439.8 316991 Luggage mfg 270 ................................ 858 991 55.3 65.2 76.5 87.6 1 704.2 316992 Women’s handbag & purse mfg 136 ............... 162 276 61.0 73.9 87.9 96.6 1 641.4 316993 Personal leather good (except women’s handbag & purse) mfg 178 ............................... 279 219 45.4 58.5 80.4 93.3 946.9 316999 All other leather good mfg 464 ..................... 515 110 28.8 42.6 65.1 80.7 323.2 321 Wood product mfg 15 621 ................................. 33 493 004 10.2 16.0 25.1 35.8 47.8 3211 Sawmills & wood preservation 4 372 ..................... 9 481 550 14.2 19.9 29.2 40.9 79.5 32111 Sawmills & wood preservation 4 372 ................... 9 481 550 14.2 19.9 29.2 40.9 79.5 321113 Sawmills 4 024 .................................... 8 521 097 15.7 21.9 32.2 44.0 95.8 321114 Wood preservation 361 ........................... 960 453 16.3 26.6 48.4 70.8 157.7 3212 Veneer, plywood, & engineered wood product mfg 1 491 ... 7 208 798 26.2 38.1 51.2 61.8 260.2 32121 Veneer, plywood, & engineered wood product mfg 1 491 . 7 208 798 26.2 38.1 51.2 61.8 260.2 321211 Hardwood veneer & plywood mfg 303 .............. 1 121 661 26.5 35.3 50.8 72.6 326.6 321212 Softwood veneer & plywood mfg 88 ............... 1 713 341 50.2 68.6 87.9 98.7 1 034.3 321213 Engineered wood member (except truss) mfg 32 ... 476 346 79.1 86.8 96.5 100.0 D 321214 Truss mfg 886 ................................... 1 584 826 8.2 12.1 22.2 38.3 40.0 321219 Reconstituted wood product mfg 212 ............... 2 312 624 44.8 62.4 77.6 91.8 669.9 3219 Other wood product mfg 9 923 .......................... 16 802 656 12.5 18.7 28.8 38.9 66.1 32191 Millwork 3 985 ...................................... 7 463 664 16.5 23.7 33.7 44.1 96.8 321911 Wood window & door mfg 1 311 ..................... 3 687 713 32.7 43.9 56.7 68.9 334.0 321912 Cut stock, resawing lumber, & planing 1 296 .......... 1 940 712 11.8 16.7 27.5 44.1 69.1 321918 Other millwork (including flooring) 1 416 .............. 1 835 239 16.9 22.7 34.2 49.4 119.6 32192 Wood container & pallet mfg 2 870 .................... 1 999 828 4.8 7.6 13.4 22.0 13.5 321920 Wood container & pallet mfg 2 870 .................. 1 999 828 4.8 7.6 13.4 22.0 13.5 32199 All other wood product mfg 3 103 ...................... 7 339 164 25.9 36.1 48.9 59.8 250.6 321991 Manufactured home (mobile home) mfg 145 ........ 4 009 319 45.4 62.1 82.0 92.8 774.7 321992 Prefabricated wood building mfg 652 ............... 1 274 863 13.8 21.6 36.1 57.8 99.1 321999 All other miscellaneous wood product mfg 2 309 ....... 2 054 982 21.6 26.6 34.6 46.0 233.0 322 Paper mfg 3 808 ........................................ 70 300 235 21.9 33.4 52.3 67.7 196.6 3221 Pulp, paper, & paperboard mills 217 .................... 35 230 199 31.5 48.8 72.4 90.2 392.2 32211 Pulp mills 24 ..................................... 1 507 468 61.2 88.5 99.7 100.0 1 230.9 322110 Pulp mills 24 ................................... 1 507 468 61.2 88.5 99.7 100.0 1 230.9 32212 Paper mills 139 .................................... 24 681 603 39.0 57.7 81.0 94.7 537.3 322121 Paper (except newsprint) mills 121 ................. 22 128 898 43.5 62.7 85.2 96.7 631.6 322122 Newsprint mills 24 .............................. 2 552 705 43.9 66.9 D 100.0 759.1 32213 Paperboard mills 81 ............................... 9 041 128 35.5 54.3 82.6 98.1 522.3 322130 Paperboard mills 81 ............................. 9 041 128 35.5 54.3 82.6 98.1 522.3 3222 Converted paper product mfg 3 674 ..................... 35 070 036 15.4 24.8 40.1 54.2 110.0 32221 Paperboard container mfg 1 705 ...................... 16 169 581 17.1 28.6 46.0 61.1 144.9 322211 Corrugated & solid fiber box mfg 995 ............... 9 627 993 23.5 37.5 54.6 67.4 231.9 322212 Folding paperboard box mfg 434 ................... 4 118 767 20.9 32.2 51.7 69.8 193.0 322213 Setup paperboard box mfg 142 .................... 299 516 17.0 27.5 46.8 76.0 165.1 322214 Fiber can, tube, drum, & similar products mfg 138 .... 952 629 64.3 73.0 83.8 93.3 2 188.9 322215 Nonfolding sanitary food container mfg 46 ......... 1 170 676 66.3 83.1 98.3 100.0 1 342.3 32222 Paper bag & coated & treated paper mfg 764 .......... 8 708 660 33.6 41.0 53.3 69.7 445.4 322221 Coated & laminated packaging paper & plastics film mfg 73 ................................... 541 684 37.2 55.5 84.4 99.2 535.7 322222 Coated & laminated paper mfg 509 ................ 5 843 950 47.3 53.9 65.4 80.8 918.5 322223 Plastics, foil, & coated paper bag mfg 40 .......... 240 445 43.4 67.5 95.1 100.0 724.6 322224 Uncoated paper & multiwall bag mfg 93 ........... 1 124 247 53.9 69.2 87.1 97.7 1 007.1 322225 Laminated aluminum foil mfg for flexible packaging uses 34 ............................. 603 535 57.6 78.2 94.9 100.0 1 047.7 322226 Surface~coated paperboard mfg 42 ............... 354 799 57.0 73.0 94.9 100.0 1 122.9 See footnotes at end of table. 

# 20 CONCENTRATION RATIOS MANUFACTURING

m SUBJECT SERIES U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census May 24, 2001

# Table 3. 

# Share of Value Added Accounted for by the 4, 8, 20, and 50 Largest Companies in **Each of the 3**~ **, 4**~**, 5**~**, and 6**~ **Digit NAICS Industries: 1997**

m Con. [For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendixes]

NACIS code Industry group and industry Percent of value added accounted for by the2

– Companies 1 Value added by manufacture ($1000) 4 largest companies 8 largest companies 20 largest companies 50 largest companies Herfindahl ~ Herschmann index for 50 largest companies3 322 Paper mfg

m Con. 3222 Converted paper product mfg

m Con. 32223 Stationery product mfg 674 ......................... 3 736 501 28.8 42.7 60.2 75.8 311.3 322231 Die~cut paper & paperboard office supplies mfg 337 .. 992 306 44.1 56.8 70.6 82.6 655.2 322232 Envelope mfg 188 ............................... 1 744 897 38.9 55.0 70.7 87.1 540.0 322233 Stationery, tablet, & related product mfg 158 ........ 999 298 59.5 74.0 89.3 96.9 1 309.9 32229 Other converted paper product mfg 623 .............. 6 455 294 50.5 60.4 73.9 83.2 980.4 322291 Sanitary paper product mfg 99 ................... 4 463 242 72.0 83.2 94.2 99.2 1 990.0 322299 All other converted paper product mfg 529 .......... 1 992 052 30.2 38.2 49.0 63.8 291.0 323 Printing & related support activities 40 987 ................... 58 392 618 9.0 13.6 20.8 27.5 35.1 3231 Printing & related support activities 40 987 ................. 58 392 618 9.0 13.6 20.8 27.5 35.1 32311 Printing 36 617 ....................................... 52 916 516 9.8 14.6 22.5 29.5 41.0 323110 Commercial lithographic printing 18 015 ............... 29 460 988 10.3 15.3 22.2 29.2 41.8 323111 Commercial gravure printing 419 .................. 1 911 486 55.7 67.2 82.4 93.6 1 308.6 323112 Commercial flexographic printing 864 .............. 2 521 146 15.2 23.7 39.3 54.3 111.2 323113 Commercial screen printing 4 096 ................... 3 708 959 7.1 12.2 20.9 32.3 30.5 323114 Quick printing 7 990 ............................... 2 674 764 9.8 12.3 15.9 21.3 30.9 323115 Digital printing 386 ............................... 270 928 10.3 17.4 33.1 54.7 79.6 323116 Manifold business form printing 719 ................ 5 631 433 37.8 53.5 67.5 79.5 518.1 323117 Book printing 690 ................................ 3 300 926 32.3 45.2 58.9 73.2 367.3 323118 Blankbook, looseleaf binder, & device mfg 283 ...... 1 530 134 43.1 55.4 68.1 80.9 678.6 323119 Other commercial printing 3 387 ..................... 1 905 752 13.6 19.1 28.3 39.0 77.4 32312 Support activities for printing 4 448 .................... 5 476 102 6.6 11.5 19.8 29.7 26.3 323121 Tradebinding & related work 1 260 ................... 1 487 276 12.1 16.9 25.7 38.9 58.5 323122 Prepress services 3 191 ............................ 3 988 826 9.0 15.2 24.6 36.6 43.0 324 Petroleum & coal products mfg 1 166 ...................... 37 610 773 34.1 48.4 71.1 85.1 438.9 3241 Petroleum & coal products mfg 1 166 .................... 37 610 773 34.1 48.4 71.1 85.1 438.9 32411 Petroleum refineries 122 ............................ 30 878 456 41.1 57.4 84.1 97.7 625.2 324110 Petroleum refineries 122 .......................... 30 878 456 41.1 57.4 84.1 97.7 625.2 32412 Asphalt paving, roofing, & saturated materials mfg 674 . 4 007 042 25.7 36.1 50.2 66.4 250.8 324121 Asphalt paving mixture & block mfg 531 ............ 1 974 057 16.9 25.2 39.2 56.6 132.3 324122 Asphalt shingle & coating materials mfg 151 ......... 2 032 985 49.9 64.4 83.9 95.8 850.7 32419 Other petroleum & coal products mfg 403 ............. 2 725 275 23.5 34.5 56.2 77.4 255.3 324191 Petroleum lubricating oil & grease mfg 344 .......... 2 068 913 30.6 42.3 63.5 81.1 371.7 324199 All other petroleum & coal products mfg 61 ........ 656 362 41.3 65.3 90.7 99.8 685.3 325 Chemical mfg 9 626 ..................................... 224 684 500 13.8 21.3 36.0 54.6 94.7 3251 Basic chemical mfg 1 203 .............................. 53 736 421 17.8 30.2 49.2 70.1 168.3 32511 Petrochemical mfg 42 ............................. 8 359 545 71.5 88.0 98.1 100.0 1 969.5 325110 Petrochemical mfg 42 ........................... 8 359 545 71.5 88.0 98.1 100.0 1 969.5 32512 Industrial gas mfg 119 .............................. 3 485 572 67.5 85.1 95.6 98.8 1 312.7 325120 Industrial gas mfg 119 ............................ 3 485 572 67.5 85.1 95.6 98.8 1 312.7 32513 Dye & pigment mfg 152 ............................ 3 361 633 46.8 58.4 79.5 94.9 986.5 325131 Inorganic dye & pigment mfg 59 .................. 2 030 987 68.1 80.5 95.4 99.9 2 381.6 325132 Synthetic organic dye & pigment mfg 95 ........... 1 330 646 43.6 64.0 87.1 98.3 742.8 32518 Other basic inorganic chemical mfg 409 .............. 12 729 040 36.9 46.9 66.8 84.5 517.1 325181 Alkalies & chlorine mfg 26 ....................... 1 421 798 81.2 93.5 99.8 100.0 2 558.5 325182 Carbon black mfg 8 ............................ 547 537 D 100.0 N N 2 271.5 325188 All other basic inorganic chemical mfg 385 .......... 10 759 705 39.3 49.8 69.1 85.9 654.0 32519 Other basic organic chemical mfg 581 ................ 25 800 631 20.2 33.3 54.4 77.2 212.5 325191 Gum & wood chemical mfg 45 .................... 469 629 77.2 93.0 98.6 100.0 2 216.3 325192 Cyclic crude & intermediate mfg 36 ............... 2 807 384 61.6 79.2 97.8 100.0 1 422.7 325193 Ethyl alcohol mfg 31 ............................ 226 520 61.6 87.3 99.9 100.0 1 410.0 325199 All other basic organic chemical mfg 487 ............ 22 297 098 22.5 34.8 55.6 78.9 237.1 3252 Resin, syn rubber, & artificial & syn fibers & filaments mfg 469 ........................................... 27 307 501 31.5 45.4 65.1 86.1 458.0 32521 Resin & synthetic rubber mfg 406 .................... 20 399 243 28.5 42.6 63.2 86.2 319.7 325211 Plastics material & resin mfg 299 .................. 17 625 910 29.2 43.3 65.6 87.9 332.9 325212 Synthetic rubber mfg 122 ......................... 2 773 333 45.5 67.7 94.2 99.0 725.4 32522 Artificial & synthetic fibers & filaments mfg 70 ........ 6 908 258 76.8 88.1 97.4 99.9 2 144.6 325221 Cellulosic organic fiber mfg 4 .................... 603 753 100.0 N N N D 325222 Noncellulosic organic fiber mfg 67 ................ 6 304 505 77.4 89.8 98.0 99.9 2 386.7 3253 Pesticide, fertilizer, & other agricultural chemical mfg 692 . 12 576 259 33.0 52.9 76.8 89.4 437.3 32531 Fertilizer mfg 477 .................................. 4 900 041 37.2 57.3 78.2 89.4 538.1 325311 Nitrogenous fertilizer mfg 116 ..................... 1 814 299 57.1 76.6 93.8 98.4 997.1 325312 Phosphatic fertilizer mfg 43 ...................... 2 062 571 67.4 87.5 99.1 100.0 1 380.3 325314 Fertilizer (mixing only) mfg 334 .................... 1 023 171 34.1 44.4 60.3 77.4 428.1 32532 Pesticide & other agricultural chemical mfg 222 ........ 7 676 218 54.0 77.3 91.7 96.9 939.4 325320 Pesticide & other agricultural chemical mfg 222 ...... 7 676 218 54.0 77.3 91.7 96.9 939.4 3254 Pharmaceutical & medicine mfg 1 428 ................... 64 108 002 32.9 49.5 69.7 84.7 441.5 32541 Pharmaceutical & medicine mfg 1 428 ................. 64 108 002 32.9 49.5 69.7 84.7 441.5 325411 Medicinal & botanical mfg 312 ..................... 6 297 660 65.2 76.1 87.5 94.3 1 962.3 325412 Pharmaceutical preparation mfg 707 ............... 47 864 824 37.1 52.7 74.1 90.2 489.1 325413 In ~vitro diagnostic substance mfg 203 .............. 6 253 818 63.5 76.5 86.7 94.7 1 823.3 325414 Biological product (except diagnostic) mfg 267 ....... 3 691 700 46.4 65.9 85.5 94.3 771.4 3255 Paint, coating, & adhesive mfg 1 724 .................... 12 618 013 24.5 36.7 54.7 68.5 233.9 32551 Paint & coating mfg 1 205 ............................ 9 234 712 32.8 48.9 66.2 77.3 387.2 325510 Paint & coating mfg 1 205 .......................... 9 234 712 32.8 48.9 66.2 77.3 387.2 32552 Adhesive mfg 540 ................................. 3 383 301 23.5 34.2 53.2 74.5 227.6 325520 Adhesive mfg 540 ............................... 3 383 301 23.5 34.2 53.2 74.5 227.6 See footnotes at end of table. 

# MANUFACTURING

m SUBJECT SERIES CONCENTRATION RATIOS 21 U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census May 24, 2001

# Table 3. 

# Share of Value Added Accounted for by the 4, 8, 20, and 50 Largest Companies in **Each of the 3**~ **, 4**~**, 5**~**, and 6**~ **Digit NAICS Industries: 1997**

m Con. [For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendixes]

NACIS code Industry group and industry Percent of value added accounted for by the2

– Companies 1 Value added by manufacture ($1000) 4 largest companies 8 largest companies 20 largest companies 50 largest companies Herfindahl ~ Herschmann index for 50 largest companies3 325 Chemical mfg

m Con. 3256 Soap, cleaning compound, & toilet preparation mfg 2 251 ... 34 359 408 35.7 48.9 68.3 79.1 574.4 32561 Soap & cleaning compound mfg 1 583 ................. 17 755 669 44.0 60.4 72.7 81.3 728.9 325611 Soap & other detergent mfg 738 ................... 10 478 562 68.8 79.6 86.9 91.6 1 744.1 325612 Polish & other sanitation good mfg 675 ............. 5 149 717 60.9 66.7 76.2 86.1 1 318.4 325613 Surface active agent mfg 183 ..................... 2 127 390 42.0 54.1 74.1 91.7 643.1 32562 Toilet preparation mfg 681 .......................... 16 603 739 41.4 61.2 78.9 88.8 652.9 325620 Toilet preparation mfg 681 ........................ 16 603 739 41.4 61.2 78.9 88.8 652.9 3259 Other chemical product mfg 2 287 ....................... 19 978 896 29.7 37.9 49.5 63.8 546.9 32591 Printing ink mfg 255 ................................ 1 627 402 49.8 58.0 72.2 87.3 851.3 325910 Printing ink mfg 255 .............................. 1 627 402 49.8 58.0 72.2 87.3 851.3 32592 Explosives mfg 66 ................................ 789 782 50.9 70.6 92.0 99.8 811.7 325920 Explosives mfg 66 .............................. 789 782 50.9 70.6 92.0 99.8 811.7 32599 All other chemical product & preparation mfg 1 973 ...... 17 561 712 33.8 42.6 53.9 68.1 699.4 325991 Custom compounding of purchased resin 728 ....... 3 092 396 16.0 27.0 47.7 65.7 152.0 325992 Photographic film, paper, plate, & chemical mfg 276 .. 7 673 452 75.9 86.1 94.0 98.5 D 325998 All other miscellaneous chemical product & preparation mfg 985 ............................ 6 795 864 21.6 30.8 49.2 65.3 188.4 326 Plastics & rubber products mfg 13 798 ...................... 81 349 082 8.0 11.7 18.8 28.6 31.3 3261 Plastics product mfg 11 613 ............................. 63 280 786 4.4 7.7 14.4 24.2 14.8 32611 Unsupported plastics film, sheet, & bag mfg 1 250 ....... 11 591 673 15.3 25.4 42.2 59.7 120.0 326111 Unsupported plastics bag mfg 440 ................. 3 402 530 28.2 39.3 55.0 71.8 279.2 326112 Unsupported plastics packaging film & sheet mfg 131 ....................................... 1 606 103 51.1 63.7 77.4 92.7 792.0 326113 Unsupported plastics film & sheet (except packaging) mfg 713 ............................. 6 583 040 21.1 31.4 49.6 69.5 192.6 32612 Plastics pipe, pipe fitting, & unsupported profile shape mfg 1 048 ................................... 4 066 325 15.4 25.0 39.6 55.3 114.5 326121 Unsupported plastics profile shape mfg 733 ......... 2 273 968 25.1 34.3 48.2 63.4 228.1 326122 Plastics pipe & pipe fitting mfg 317 ................. 1 792 357 24.8 37.3 54.4 75.5 241.3 32613 Laminated plastics plate, sheet, & shape mfg 438 ...... 1 624 612 41.2 53.3 73.1 86.4 639.2 326130 Laminated plastics plate, sheet, & shape mfg 438 .... 1 624 612 41.2 53.3 73.1 86.4 639.2 32614 Polystyrene foam product mfg 379 ................... 2 420 515 41.3 50.3 65.2 83.5 668.7 326140 Polystyrene foam product mfg 379 ................. 2 420 515 41.3 50.3 65.2 83.5 668.7 32615 Urethane & other foam product (except polystyrene) mfg 447 .............................. 2 822 544 32.0 42.3 60.5 77.4 410.9 326150 Urethane & other foam product (except polystyrene) mfg 447 ............................ 2 822 544 32.0 42.3 60.5 77.4 410.9 32616 Plastics bottle mfg 245 ............................. 3 097 170 32.7 50.4 72.9 88.0 423.4 326160 Plastics bottle mfg 245 ........................... 3 097 170 32.7 50.4 72.9 88.0 423.4 32619 Other plastics product mfg 8 077 ...................... 37 657 947 5.4 8.5 14.5 24.1 16.3 326191 Plastics plumbing fixture mfg 539 .................. 1 239 095 35.9 44.8 58.2 73.8 413.1 326192 Resilient floor covering mfg 28 ................... 946 321 88.3 98.8 99.9 100.0 D 326199 All other plastics product mfg 7 522 .................. 35 472 531 5.1 8.2 13.7 23.3 15.1 3262 Rubber product mfg 2 271 .............................. 18 068 296 35.8 45.8 57.0 68.1 445.1 32621 Tire mfg 736 ...................................... 7 917 563 69.4 87.4 94.0 96.9 1 667.5 326211 Tire mfg (except retreading) 110 ................... 7 521 527 72.5 91.4 98.2 99.8 1 813.5 326212 Tire retreading 628 ............................... 396 036 24.2 34.8 48.0 63.4 223.3 32622 Rubber & plastics hoses & belting mfg 149 ............ 2 162 353 50.3 62.8 80.8 95.4 896.1 326220 Rubber & plastics hoses & belting mfg 149 .......... 2 162 353 50.3 62.8 80.8 95.4 896.1 32629 Other rubber product mfg 1 408 ....................... 7 988 380 11.4 19.2 33.3 50.3 76.3 326291 Rubber product mfg for mechanical use 608 ........ 3 857 118 20.7 30.0 45.6 67.3 172.4 326299 All other rubber product mfg 827 ................... 4 131 262 14.5 24.1 40.0 58.7 112.1 327 Nonmetallic mineral product mfg 11 921 ..................... 49 425 491 11.2 18.6 30.3 44.5 65.4 3271 Clay product & refractory mfg 1 715 ..................... 5 915 703 14.0 23.4 41.6 61.5 115.4 32711 Pottery, ceramics, & plumbing fixture mfg 1 204 ......... 2 813 867 23.6 35.6 54.2 72.2 232.2 327111 Vitreous china plumbing fixture & bathroom accessories mfg 43 ............................ 807 165 65.9 89.2 99.1 100.0 1 545.8 327112 Vitreous china, fine earthenware, & other pottery product mfg 1 034 ................................ 1 208 102 26.5 37.7 53.7 70.2 266.6 327113 Porcelain electrical supply mfg 131 ................. 798 600 35.5 51.3 74.1 93.7 563.7 32712 Clay building material & refractories mfg 519 .......... 3 101 836 21.7 34.3 57.1 75.9 224.9 327121 Brick & structural clay tile mfg 127 ................. 970 014 42.2 59.8 75.2 92.7 583.8 327122 Ceramic wall & floor tile mfg 157 ................... 556 920 61.1 76.5 91.1 97.4 1 555.0 327123 Other structural clay product mfg 48 .............. 80 941 47.7 73.6 96.9 100.0 872.6 327124 Clay refractory mfg 115 ........................... 564 030 42.2 55.4 74.6 92.8 627.0 327125 Nonclay refractory mfg 91 ....................... 929 931 40.6 60.2 85.3 97.9 593.5 3272 Glass & glass product mfg 1 996 ........................ 14 052 256 33.5 48.7 69.8 85.6 407.6 32721 Glass & glass product mfg 1 996 ...................... 14 052 256 33.5 48.7 69.8 85.6 407.6 327211 Flat glass mfg 13 ............................... 1 888 714 76.3 99.5 100.0 N 1 780.5 327212 Other pressed & blown glass & glassware mfg 465 ... 4 341 468 47.7 69.3 91.3 96.6 779.0 327213 Glass container mfg 11 .......................... 2 557 999 91.1 D 100.0 N 2 989.2 327215 Glass product mfg made of purchased glass 1 522 .... 5 264 075 32.5 45.2 65.0 77.2 479.9 3273 Cement & concrete product mfg 5 930 ................... 17 964 132 9.2 15.5 27.2 38.1 48.1 32731 Cement mfg 176 ................................... 4 022 503 34.5 54.5 81.4 97.3 501.4 327310 Cement mfg 176 ................................. 4 022 503 34.5 54.5 81.4 97.3 501.4 32732 Ready~ mix concrete mfg 2 888 ........................ 7 780 774 6.2 10.2 18.4 31.6 25.6 327320 Ready~ mix concrete mfg 2 888 ...................... 7 780 774 6.2 10.2 18.4 31.6 25.6 32733 Concrete pipe, brick, & block mfg 955 ................ 2 655 107 17.9 24.0 34.1 47.9 114.9 327331 Concrete block & brick mfg 708 .................... 1 463 652 12.6 18.2 29.3 44.5 73.7 327332 Concrete pipe mfg 264 ........................... 1 191 455 28.9 39.6 57.6 76.2 331.4 32739 Other concrete product mfg 2 079 ..................... 3 505 748 10.4 16.6 27.7 42.9 57.0 327390 Other concrete product mfg 2 079 ................... 3 505 748 10.4 16.6 27.7 42.9 57.0 See footnotes at end of table. 

# 22 CONCENTRATION RATIOS MANUFACTURING

m SUBJECT SERIES U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census May 24, 2001

# Table 3. 

# Share of Value Added Accounted for by the 4, 8, 20, and 50 Largest Companies in **Each of the 3**~ **, 4**~**, 5**~**, and 6**~ **Digit NAICS Industries: 1997**

m Con. [For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendixes]

NACIS code Industry group and industry Percent of value added accounted for by the2

– Companies 1 Value added by manufacture ($1000) 4 largest companies 8 largest companies 20 largest companies 50 largest companies Herfindahl ~ Herschmann index for 50 largest companies3 327 Nonmetallic mineral product mfg

m Con. 3274 Lime & gypsum product mfg 230 ....................... 2 816 807 56.8 67.5 84.2 95.7 1 077.3 32741 Lime mfg 46 ..................................... 614 959 48.0 67.5 89.8 100.0 758.5 327410 Lime mfg 46 ................................... 614 959 48.0 67.5 89.8 100.0 758.5 32742 Gypsum product mfg 185 ........................... 2 201 848 71.8 83.3 94.4 98.1 1 704.3 327420 Gypsum product mfg 185 ......................... 2 201 848 71.8 83.3 94.4 98.1 1 704.3 3279 Other nonmetallic mineral product mfg 2 159 .............. 8 676 593 36.5 46.0 54.2 64.4 412.2 32791 Abrasive product mfg 319 ........................... 2 918 902 63.9 68.6 77.2 85.5 2 061.1 327910 Abrasive product mfg 319 ......................... 2 918 902 63.9 68.6 77.2 85.5 2 061.1 32799 All other nonmetallic mineral product mfg 1 849 ......... 5 757 691 31.8 40.6 50.9 63.8 341.4 327991 Cut stone & stone product mfg 1 004 ................ 790 761 21.3 26.4 36.3 49.1 196.4 327992 Ground or treated mineral & earth mfg 261 .......... 1 427 108 31.9 43.0 63.6 82.4 517.2 327993 Mineral wool mfg 201 ............................ 2 601 843 66.8 77.6 87.7 95.9 1 441.3 327999 All other miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral product mfg 404 ................................ 937 979 16.9 28.4 46.0 66.6 151.5 331 Primary metal mfg 4 076 ................................. 68 749 487 16.4 25.1 36.8 52.2 107.7 3311 Iron & steel mills & ferroalloy mfg 209 .................. 25 432 010 38.3 58.6 76.9 92.8 536.2 33111 Iron & steel mills & ferroalloy mfg 209 ................ 25 432 010 38.3 58.6 76.9 92.8 536.2 331111 Iron & steel mills 191 ............................. 24 868 550 39.1 59.9 78.6 94.3 560.3 331112 Electrometallurgical ferroalloy product mfg 19 ...... 563 460 62.5 81.2 100.0 N 1 244.1 3312 Steel product mfg from purchased steel 503 ............. 6 762 383 15.7 24.3 38.7 60.7 115.6 33121 Iron & steel pipes & tubes mfg from purchased steel 166 ........................................ 2 784 745 19.8 30.4 53.2 82.4 208.5 331210 Iron & steel pipes & tubes mfg from purchased steel 166 ...................................... 2 784 745 19.8 30.4 53.2 82.4 208.5 33122 Rolling & drawing of purchased steel 346 ............. 3 977 638 23.8 33.3 52.0 74.4 214.7 331221 Cold~ rolled steel shape mfg 153 ................... 2 030 226 46.6 60.2 80.9 96.2 646.0 331222 Steel wire drawing 199 ........................... 1 947 412 19.4 32.6 55.2 79.4 205.8 3313 Alumina & aluminum production & processing 248 ....... 10 063 942 48.6 63.1 77.2 87.8 1 023.3 33131 Alumina & aluminum production & processing 248 ..... 10 063 942 48.6 63.1 77.2 87.8 1 023.3 331311 Alumina refining 5 ............................. 329 432 D 100.0 N N D 331312 Primary aluminum production 13 .................. 2 432 972 63.6 83.9 100.0 N 1 313.4 331314 Secondary smelting & alloying of aluminum 87 ..... 796 535 32.8 47.4 68.6 93.1 420.4 331315 Aluminum sheet, plate, & foil mfg 41 .............. 3 546 870 65.8 84.2 97.9 100.0 2 406.8 331316 Aluminum extruded product mfg 105 ............... 2 476 351 41.8 55.9 73.3 91.1 666.2 331319 Other aluminum rolling & drawing 30 .............. 481 782 56.0 76.6 99.7 100.0 1 045.2 3314 Nonferrous metal (except aluminum) production & processing 698 ..................................... 9 598 600 19.4 29.8 48.0 69.5 167.5 33141 Nonferrous metal (except aluminum) smelting & refining 134 ...................................... 2 455 517 41.2 60.8 84.6 97.2 683.7 331411 Primary smelting & refining of copper 9 ........... 1 029 440 91.5 D 100.0 N 2 826.8 331419 Other nonferrous metal primary smelting & refining 127 .................................... 1 426 077 36.8 54.6 80.5 96.5 493.9 33142 Copper rolling, drawing, extruding, & alloying 154 ...... 2 951 706 41.0 53.8 73.8 92.2 574.5 331421 Copper rolling, drawing, & extruding 91 ............ 2 303 999 50.2 66.6 87.3 99.1 850.2 331422 Copper wire (except mechanical) drawing 33 ....... 324 392 53.5 75.1 97.2 100.0 948.0 331423 Secondary smelting, refining, & alloying of copper 34 .................................... 323 315 53.0 70.2 91.2 100.0 904.5 33149 Other nonferrous metal rolling, drawing, extruding, & alloying 440 .................................... 4 191 377 25.6 36.6 58.0 77.3 267.5 331491 Other nonferrous metal rolling, drawing, & extruding 220 .................................. 2 982 604 34.8 49.1 71.9 88.5 443.7 331492 Other nonferrous metal secondary smelting, refining, & alloying 233 .......................... 1 208 773 29.7 42.9 63.3 83.6 329.1 3315 Foundries 2 521 ....................................... 16 892 552 12.8 21.0 34.2 48.3 83.4 33151 Ferrous metal foundries 986 ........................ 10 449 320 17.2 29.6 47.6 64.5 159.5 331511 Iron foundries 602 ............................... 7 043 449 24.3 39.3 58.1 74.3 262.2 331512 Steel investment foundries 145 .................... 1 656 130 48.0 62.1 78.1 91.3 811.9 331513 Steel foundries (except investment) 263 ............ 1 749 741 27.2 38.4 61.8 84.2 359.5 33152 Nonferrous metal foundries 1 559 ..................... 6 443 232 12.2 18.2 30.1 47.1 70.3 331521 Aluminum die~casting foundries 291 ................ 1 967 631 21.0 33.3 53.9 75.4 212.1 331522 Nonferrous (except aluminum) die~casting foundries 267 .................................. 1 128 064 17.9 28.6 50.1 74.5 172.4 331524 Aluminum foundries (except die~casting) 592 ........ 2 195 343 16.0 26.9 47.0 68.2 152.8 331525 Copper foundries (except die~casting) 301 .......... 511 783 13.5 23.2 42.5 67.8 128.6 331528 Other nonferrous foundries (except die~casting) 136 .. 640 411 74.9 82.4 90.1 97.1 2 369.4 332 Fabricated metal product mfg 58 516 ....................... 133 493 077 3.0 5.1 9.8 16.3 6.8 3321 Forging & stamping 3 026 .............................. 12 458 562 6.9 10.7 18.0 28.7 24.4 33211 Forging & stamping 3 026 ............................ 12 458 562 6.9 10.7 18.0 28.7 24.4 332111 Iron & steel forging 390 ........................... 2 423 265 24.3 34.3 51.8 73.4 230.2 332112 Nonferrous forging 75 ........................... 991 288 46.6 65.0 88.7 99.1 910.0 332114 Custom roll forming 360 .......................... 1 343 729 25.1 34.4 52.1 70.4 337.3 332115 Crown & closure mfg 55 ......................... 430 618 52.5 77.3 93.1 99.9 973.6 332116 Metal stamping 2 051 .............................. 6 471 538 7.1 10.1 16.5 27.4 23.0 332117 Powder metallurgy part mfg 114 ................... 798 124 31.9 47.1 69.5 91.3 385.1 3322 Cutlery & handtool mfg 1 545 ........................... 7 483 422 20.9 30.8 48.3 65.3 201.1 33221 Cutlery & handtool mfg 1 545 ......................... 7 483 422 20.9 30.8 48.3 65.3 201.1 332211 Cutlery & flatware (except precious) mfg 163 ........ 1 565 685 69.6 79.0 90.2 97.2 2 500.2 332212 Hand & edge tool mfg 1 164 ........................ 4 296 327 20.8 32.3 49.3 65.9 183.8 332213 Saw blade & handsaw mfg 166 .................... 878 749 39.8 54.3 79.4 93.6 659.4 332214 Kitchen utensil, pot, & pan mfg 69 ................ 742 661 61.5 81.7 94.3 99.9 1 460.1 See footnotes at end of table. 

# MANUFACTURING

m SUBJECT SERIES CONCENTRATION RATIOS 23 U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census May 24, 2001

# Table 3. 

# Share of Value Added Accounted for by the 4, 8, 20, and 50 Largest Companies in **Each of the 3**~ **, 4**~**, 5**~**, and 6**~ **Digit NAICS Industries: 1997**

m Con. [For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendixes]

NACIS code Industry group and industry Percent of value added accounted for by the2

– Companies 1 Value added by manufacture ($1000) 4 largest companies 8 largest companies 20 largest companies 50 largest companies Herfindahl ~ Herschmann index for 50 largest companies3 332 Fabricated metal product mfg

m Con. 3323 Architectural & structural metals mfg 11 649 ............... 26 495 235 4.1 6.9 12.9 21.5 12.2 33231 Plate work & fabricated structural product mfg 4 423 ..... 10 810 136 8.3 13.1 21.4 32.6 37.2 332311 Prefabricated metal building & component mfg 557 .. 1 992 908 25.7 39.3 58.6 75.1 262.3 332312 Fabricated structural metal mfg 2 872 ................ 7 263 292 10.5 15.3 24.7 36.9 52.9 332313 Plate work mfg 1 011 .............................. 1 553 936 7.5 12.6 23.5 40.2 41.3 33232 Ornamental & architectural metal products mfg 7 275 .... 15 685 099 4.6 7.8 14.9 24.8 15.7 332321 Metal window & door mfg 1 249 ..................... 4 775 082 13.1 22.0 40.2 59.1 106.0 332322 Sheet metal work mfg 4 202 ........................ 8 660 105 4.0 6.8 12.5 21.9 11.8 332323 Ornamental & architectural metal work mfg 1 845 ...... 2 249 912 13.6 21.4 31.2 43.6 77.0 3324 Boiler, tank, & shipping container mfg 1 526 .............. 8 927 099 23.8 34.4 47.6 59.9 208.3 33241 Power boiler & heat exchanger mfg 436 .............. 2 073 515 18.1 27.5 43.7 64.5 157.9 332410 Power boiler & heat exchanger mfg 436 ............ 2 073 515 18.1 27.5 43.7 64.5 157.9 33242 Metal tank (heavy gauge) mfg 552 ................... 2 394 902 16.2 25.1 40.9 59.0 123.9 332420 Metal tank (heavy gauge) mfg 552 ................. 2 394 902 16.2 25.1 40.9 59.0 123.9 33243 Metal can, box, & other metal container (light gauge) mfg 557 .................................. 4 458 682 47.7 68.2 79.2 88.2 755.5 332431 Metal can mfg 107 ............................... 3 497 960 60.8 86.6 96.6 99.5 1 211.5 332439 Other metal container mfg 455 .................... 960 722 19.2 28.4 47.0 67.3 165.8 3325 Hardware mfg 906 ................................... 6 162 972 18.6 28.1 48.3 69.5 168.7 33251 Hardware mfg 906 ................................. 6 162 972 18.6 28.1 48.3 69.5 168.7 332510 Hardware mfg 906 ............................... 6 162 972 18.6 28.1 48.3 69.5 168.7 3326 Spring & wire product mfg 1 646 ........................ 4 540 614 14.4 20.3 30.9 44.8 95.1 33261 Spring & wire product mfg 1 646 ...................... 4 540 614 14.4 20.3 30.9 44.8 95.1 332611 Spring (heavy gauge) mfg 124 .................... 422 894 26.6 45.2 67.9 91.9 337.5 332612 Spring (light gauge) mfg 320 ...................... 1 393 527 35.2 46.2 60.8 77.0 495.6 332618 Other fabricated wire product mfg 1 213 .............. 2 724 193 12.7 19.7 31.4 47.2 77.9 3327 Machine shops, turned product, & screw, nut, & bolt mfg 26 999 ........................................... 28 535 557 3.4 5.2 7.8 11.9 5.4 33271 Machine shops 23 430 ................................ 18 330 482 1.2 2.0 3.8 7.3 1.2 332710 Machine shops 23 430 .............................. 18 330 482 1.2 2.0 3.8 7.3 1.2 33272 Turned product & screw, nut, & bolt mfg 3 593 .......... 10 205 075 9.4 14.2 21.1 31.1 39.8 332721 Precision turned product mfg 2 696 .................. 5 493 232 3.6 6.7 13.1 22.9 12.5 332722 Bolt, nut, screw, rivet, & washer mfg 913 ............ 4 711 843 20.3 30.5 43.4 59.3 173.6 3328 Coating, engraving, heat treating, & allied activities 5 885 ... 10 331 294 5.9 9.4 15.6 24.7 18.2 33281 Coating, engraving, heat treating, & allied activities 5 885 . 10 331 294 5.9 9.4 15.6 24.7 18.2 332811 Metal heat treating 662 ........................... 2 020 611 15.8 23.9 39.3 54.5 116.9 332812 Metal coating/engraving (exc jewelry/silverware)/ allied services 1 978 .............................. 4 154 477 14.4 21.1 32.0 44.5 80.5 332813 Electroplating, plating, polishing, anodizing, & coloring 3 286 .................................... 4 156 206 3.9 6.9 12.6 21.9 11.9 3329 Other fabricated metal product mfg 6 040 ................. 28 558 322 10.5 17.7 30.7 45.3 63.8 33291 Metal valve mfg 1 077 ............................... 12 516 090 19.6 30.2 44.5 62.4 156.0 332911 Industrial valve mfg 429 .......................... 5 115 344 28.3 38.7 57.1 76.2 352.5 332912 Fluid power valve & hose fitting mfg 360 ............ 3 934 823 40.8 53.4 71.2 86.1 531.9 332913 Plumbing fixture fitting & trim mfg 97 .............. 1 863 303 46.8 59.5 79.1 96.1 994.7 332919 Other metal valve & pipe fitting mfg 220 ............ 1 602 620 25.8 38.3 62.2 83.2 291.5 33299 All other fabricated metal product mfg 5 011 ............ 16 042 232 12.7 20.1 34.2 47.8 82.5 332991 Ball & roller bearing mfg 116 ...................... 3 742 916 47.4 65.6 88.4 98.5 848.6 332992 Small arms ammunition mfg 107 ................... 610 244 88.8 94.2 97.7 99.5 D 332993 Ammunition (except small arms) mfg 45 ........... 834 457 64.9 85.2 98.7 100.0 1 456.3 332994 Small arms mfg 189 .............................. 860 866 47.0 66.7 86.8 94.6 741.3 332995 Other ordnance & accessories mfg 65 ............. 1 021 358 81.8 89.2 96.1 99.8 2 079.7 332996 Fabricated pipe & pipe fitting mfg 806 .............. 2 104 979 18.2 25.4 37.3 54.7 133.1 332997 Industrial pattern mfg 668 ......................... 483 129 11.5 18.3 30.7 48.3 71.0 332998 Enameled iron & metal sanitary ware mfg 82 ....... 969 728 58.0 76.9 94.6 99.4 1 733.9 332999 All other miscellaneous fabricated metal product mfg 2 955 ....................................... 5 414 555 10.0 14.8 23.8 36.8 46.4 333 Machinery mfg 27 983 .................................... 137 934 706 11.2 14.7 22.4 32.2 49.0 3331 Agriculture, construction, & mining machinery mfg 2 832 ... 24 431 912 37.9 44.2 57.1 69.2 602.4 33311 Agricultural implement mfg 1 386 ...................... 10 355 405 52.2 61.0 72.3 82.3 1 619.6 333111 Farm machinery & equipment mfg 1 264 ............. 7 624 789 57.9 63.8 72.6 81.7 2 133.8 333112 Lawn & garden tractor & home lawn & garden equipment mfg 127 ............................. 2 730 616 57.0 78.0 94.2 98.8 1 054.4 33312 Construction machinery mfg 723 ..................... 9 129 152 48.9 59.3 71.8 83.9 1 017.7 333120 Construction machinery mfg 723 ................... 9 129 152 48.9 59.3 71.8 83.9 1 017.7 33313 Mining & oil & gas field machinery mfg 748 ............ 4 947 355 24.7 39.5 60.2 76.1 267.4 333131 Mining machinery & equipment mfg 261 ............ 1 379 429 38.6 53.7 70.0 86.0 523.3 333132 Oil & gas field machinery & equipment mfg 494 ...... 3 567 926 32.0 48.0 70.1 83.9 403.4 3332 Industrial machinery mfg 4 439 .......................... 19 456 056 12.5 18.8 28.6 41.7 76.8 33321 Sawmill & woodworking machinery mfg 312 ........... 681 679 25.7 40.2 62.3 81.8 286.9 333210 Sawmill & woodworking machinery mfg 312 ......... 681 679 25.7 40.2 62.3 81.8 286.9 33322 Plastics & rubber industry machinery mfg 427 ......... 1 950 024 34.4 45.8 61.0 78.4 468.2 333220 Plastics & rubber industry machinery mfg 427 ....... 1 950 024 34.4 45.8 61.0 78.4 468.2 33329 Other industrial machinery mfg 3 713 .................. 16 824 353 14.4 21.2 31.6 45.2 97.4 333291 Paper industry machinery mfg 330 ................. 1 622 283 29.8 44.1 66.0 82.2 350.5 333292 Textile machinery mfg 454 ........................ 1 026 304 30.9 40.9 57.0 73.9 390.6 333293 Printing machinery & equipment mfg 504 ........... 2 030 816 28.8 41.8 58.7 74.6 323.7 333294 Food product machinery mfg 573 .................. 1 581 509 19.7 29.0 43.4 62.4 154.9 333295 Semiconductor machinery mfg 244 ................ 6 010 313 40.0 56.3 76.1 90.9 660.4 333298 All other industrial machinery mfg 1 634 .............. 4 553 128 11.1 17.2 27.6 42.7 59.8 See footnotes at end of table. 

# 24 CONCENTRATION RATIOS MANUFACTURING

m SUBJECT SERIES U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census May 24, 2001

# Table 3. 

# Share of Value Added Accounted for by the 4, 8, 20, and 50 Largest Companies in **Each of the 3**~ **, 4**~**, 5**~**, and 6**~ **Digit NAICS Industries: 1997**

m Con. [For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendixes]

NACIS code Industry group and industry Percent of value added accounted for by the2

– Companies 1 Value added by manufacture ($1000) 4 largest companies 8 largest companies 20 largest companies 50 largest companies Herfindahl ~ Herschmann index for 50 largest companies3 333 Machinery mfg

m Con. 3333 Commercial & service industry machinery mfg 2 492 ....... 14 215 075 31.1 37.1 49.2 60.8 552.8 33331 Commercial & service industry machinery mfg 2 492 ..... 14 215 075 31.1 37.1 49.2 60.8 552.8 333311 Automatic vending machine mfg 117 ............... 604 438 66.2 83.2 91.1 97.1 1 490.9 333312 Commercial laundry, drycleaning, & pressing machine mfg 63 ............................... 270 351 45.0 66.0 91.4 99.8 770.0 333313 Office machinery mfg 158 ......................... 1 807 173 60.8 71.3 83.0 94.5 1 340.7 333314 Optical instrument & lens mfg 482 ................. 1 979 483 30.4 39.8 55.3 73.7 320.4 333315 Photographic & photocopying equipment mfg 412 .... 4 478 703 D 85.7 90.7 94.4 D 333319 Other commercial & service industry machinery mfg 1 274 ....................................... 5 074 927 16.8 25.6 40.5 57.9 120.1 3334 Ventilation, heating, AC, & commercial refrigeration equip mfg 1 563 ...................................... 14 637 803 28.0 37.3 52.4 65.3 252.0 33341 Ventilation, heating, AC, & commercial refrigeration equip mfg 1 563 .................................... 14 637 803 28.0 37.3 52.4 65.3 252.0 333411 Air purification equipment mfg 333 ................. 1 199 939 22.6 36.8 57.3 77.6 244.1 333412 Industrial & commercial fan & blower mfg 173 ....... 1 003 573 24.0 39.5 65.7 87.2 289.0 333414 Heating equipment (except warm air furnaces) mfg 441 ....................................... 2 068 353 19.7 30.1 49.3 72.3 181.4 333415 AC & warm air heating & commercial/industrial refrig equip mfg 646 ............................. 10 365 938 39.2 52.0 71.4 83.1 481.8 3335 Metalworking machinery mfg 10 000 ...................... 19 331 066 6.9 9.6 15.2 23.2 21.7 33351 Metalworking machinery mfg 10 000 .................... 19 331 066 6.9 9.6 15.2 23.2 21.7 333511 Industrial mold mfg 2 475 ........................... 3 685 924 6.3 9.4 16.3 26.1 20.6 333512 Machine tool (metal cutting types) mfg 368 .......... 2 666 276 24.9 40.4 56.9 73.9 277.3 333513 Machine tool (metal forming types) mfg 219 ......... 1 285 781 22.9 35.8 55.2 74.5 225.7 333514 Special die & tool, die set, jig, & fixture mfg 4 667 ...... 5 938 346 5.7 8.6 14.6 24.0 16.6 333515 Cutting tool & machine tool accessory mfg 1 820 ...... 3 614 484 22.7 28.9 39.9 53.7 228.4 333516 Rolling mill machinery & equipment mfg 98 ........ 363 586 53.9 70.9 86.0 97.5 920.5 333518 Other metalworking machinery mfg 446 ............ 1 776 669 16.3 24.6 39.4 60.1 120.0 3336 Engine, turbine, & power transmission equipment mfg 789 ........................................... 14 530 618 39.8 54.8 69.6 83.6 566.2 33361 Engine, turbine, & power transmission equipment mfg 789 ......................................... 14 530 618 39.8 54.8 69.6 83.6 566.2 333611 Turbine & turbine generator set unit mfg 68 ........ 2 841 914 79.4 90.5 97.0 99.9 2 403.9 333612 Speed changer, industrial high ~speed drive, & gear mfg 237 ................................... 1 461 859 30.8 44.6 67.0 82.9 350.8 333613 Mechanical power transmission equipment mfg 259 .. 1 886 164 24.7 40.1 65.7 86.5 300.8 333618 Other engine equipment mfg 245 .................. 8 340 681 56.9 75.6 89.4 96.9 1 052.8 3339 Other general ~purpose machinery mfg 6 347 .............. 31 332 176 5.6 10.5 21.5 36.6 32.2 33391 Pump & compressor mfg 723 ....................... 6 640 563 18.8 29.6 50.6 72.8 174.7 333911 Pump & pumping equipment mfg 406 .............. 3 403 918 24.2 39.2 60.7 83.0 275.6 333912 Air & gas compressor mfg 269 .................... 2 646 794 32.2 48.1 71.2 90.2 406.4 333913 Measuring & dispensing pump mfg 63 ............. 589 851 56.1 77.4 93.5 99.5 1 108.1 33392 Material handling equipment mfg 1 741 ................. 7 238 952 12.4 21.6 36.5 49.8 86.2 333921 Elevator & moving stairway mfg 178 ............... 748 229 50.8 63.5 76.0 89.6 777.6 333922 Conveyor & conveying equipment mfg 864 .......... 3 069 183 18.0 24.3 35.2 50.8 116.2 333923 Overhead traveling crane, hoist, & monorail system mfg 283 ................................ 1 451 136 32.9 47.2 68.4 84.8 407.1 333924 Industrial truck, tractor, trailer, & stacker machinery mfg 435 ............................. 1 970 404 36.7 47.6 63.3 77.7 431.7 33399 All other general ~purpose machinery mfg 3 938 ......... 17 452 661 9.4 17.5 29.5 44.2 58.8 333991 Power~driven handtool mfg 198 .................... 1 983 354 47.5 68.3 88.9 95.8 825.0 333992 Welding & soldering equipment mfg 218 ............ 2 027 004 50.4 61.7 74.1 88.9 772.8 333993 Packaging machinery mfg 644 ..................... 2 706 010 19.0 28.5 45.4 64.1 161.0 333994 Industrial process furnace & oven mfg 378 .......... 1 514 761 21.3 35.0 51.2 70.4 205.0 333995 Fluid power cylinder & actuator mfg 282 ............ 2 155 657 47.5 56.4 71.2 87.7 724.0 333996 Fluid power pump & motor mfg 149 ................ 1 526 099 47.5 73.0 89.6 96.4 798.7 333997 Scale & balance (except laboratory) mfg 110 ........ 329 428 50.7 62.7 78.8 94.5 1 029.4 333999 All other miscellaneous general ~purpose machinery mfg 2 005 ............................. 5 210 348 13.7 19.8 32.4 48.6 97.9 334 Computer & electronic product mfg 15 492 ................... 252 629 768 20.8 30.3 42.3 56.1 170.7 3341 Computer & peripheral equipment mfg 1 870 .............. 44 111 746 28.1 48.8 69.8 85.0 359.6 33411 Computer & peripheral equipment mfg 1 870 ............ 44 111 746 28.1 48.8 69.8 85.0 359.6 334111 Electronic computer mfg 531 ...................... 25 908 268 40.0 68.4 90.0 96.6 658.2 334112 Computer storage device mfg 203 ................. 7 386 606 52.1 76.9 93.0 98.2 902.4 334113 Computer terminal mfg 141 ....................... 531 875 40.0 63.8 84.7 96.4 611.7 334119 Other computer peripheral equipment mfg 1 015 ...... 10 284 997 41.9 54.8 69.0 83.1 557.3 3342 Communications equipment mfg 2 078 ................... 48 040 124 36.4 49.2 65.2 77.4 434.6 33421 Telephone apparatus mfg 548 ....................... 23 766 132 55.3 68.9 81.6 90.4 1 061.1 334210 Telephone apparatus mfg 548 ..................... 23 766 132 55.3 68.9 81.6 90.4 1 061.1 33422 Radio & TV broadcasting & wireless communications equipment mfg 1 096 ................ 21 773 109 47.9 59.0 71.2 81.4 836.5 334220 Radio & TV broadcasting & wireless communications equipment mfg 1 096 .............. 21 773 109 47.9 59.0 71.2 81.4 836.5 33429 Other communications equipment mfg 461 ............ 2 500 883 43.3 54.8 72.0 86.1 679.1 334290 Other communications equipment mfg 461 .......... 2 500 883 43.3 54.8 72.0 86.1 679.1 3343 Audio & video equipment mfg 521 ..................... 2 372 815 34.1 51.1 69.9 85.6 437.2 33431 Audio & video equipment mfg 521 ................... 2 372 815 34.1 51.1 69.9 85.6 437.2 334310 Audio & video equipment mfg 521 ................. 2 372 815 34.1 51.1 69.9 85.6 437.2 See footnotes at end of table. 

# MANUFACTURING

m SUBJECT SERIES CONCENTRATION RATIOS 25 U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census May 24, 2001

# Table 3. 

# Share of Value Added Accounted for by the 4, 8, 20, and 50 Largest Companies in **Each of the 3**~ **, 4**~**, 5**~**, and 6**~ **Digit NAICS Industries: 1997**

m Con. [For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendixes]

NACIS code Industry group and industry Percent of value added accounted for by the2

– Companies 1 Value added by manufacture ($1000) 4 largest companies 8 largest companies 20 largest companies 50 largest companies Herfindahl ~ Herschmann index for 50 largest companies3 334 Computer & electronic product mfg

m Con. 3344 Semiconductor & other electronic component mfg 5 652 .... 94 354 658 41.7 50.7 62.1 71.6 688.7 33441 Semiconductor & other electronic component mfg 5 652 .. 94 354 658 41.7 50.7 62.1 71.6 688.7 334411 Electron tube mfg 147 ............................ 1 568 417 52.0 71.5 88.4 97.5 1 012.0 334412 Bare printed circuit board mfg 1 319 ................. 5 062 300 18.2 26.7 41.6 59.5 136.9 334413 Semiconductor & related device mfg 993 ........... 64 135 313 59.9 70.3 83.2 91.7 1 407.3 334414 Electronic capacitor mfg 112 ...................... 1 444 666 63.6 74.7 87.7 97.2 1 251.6 334415 Electronic resistor mfg 90 ........................ 801 153 36.2 53.4 79.8 96.6 577.2 334416 Electronic coil, transformer, & other inductor mfg 426 . 936 268 11.5 19.4 35.1 54.4 88.1 334417 Electronic connector mfg 281 ..................... 3 788 056 51.0 63.1 77.7 89.2 1 536.7 334418 Printed circuit assembly (electronic assembly) mfg 673 ....................................... 10 592 734 39.1 52.5 65.6 76.8 487.3 334419 Other electronic component mfg 1 781 ............... 6 025 751 9.4 14.9 27.6 45.1 55.3 3345 Navigational, measuring, medical, & control instruments mfg 4 845 ................................ 58 284 906 26.8 36.0 49.8 63.6 249.2 33451 Navigational, measuring, medical, & control instruments mfg 4 845 .............................. 58 284 906 26.8 36.0 49.8 63.6 249.2 334510 Electromedical & electrotherapeutic apparatus mfg 490 ....................................... 7 619 290 25.1 41.6 64.4 83.9 293.2 334511 Search, detection, navigation, & guidance instrument mfg 579 ............................. 23 155 326 59.1 77.1 88.9 95.3 1 234.5 334512 Automatic environmental control mfg 297 ........... 1 737 147 55.5 66.8 79.2 88.8 1 001.3 334513 Industrial process control instrument mfg 919 ....... 4 914 894 33.8 42.3 55.5 68.9 424.8 334514 Totalizing fluid meter & counting device mfg 210 ..... 1 996 360 50.9 68.4 85.5 94.1 954.2 334515 Electricity measuring & testing instrument mfg 762 ... 8 991 807 44.7 55.0 66.7 79.8 658.8 334516 Analytical laboratory instrument mfg 637 ............ 4 111 184 33.5 47.6 62.0 76.3 373.2 334517 Irradiation apparatus mfg 134 ..................... 2 075 258 59.1 75.1 90.7 97.3 1 244.0 334518 Watch, clock, & part mfg 145 ...................... 550 979 51.6 66.5 88.2 97.3 854.5 334519 Other measuring & controlling device mfg 826 ....... 3 132 661 16.4 27.3 41.7 59.3 130.1 3346 Mfg & reproducing magnetic & optical media 843 ........ 5 465 519 26.3 42.0 64.3 81.1 297.0 33461 Mfg & reproducing magnetic & optical media 843 ...... 5 465 519 26.3 42.0 64.3 81.1 297.0 334611 Software reproducing 112 ......................... 786 164 65.6 74.2 86.5 96.4 D 334612 Prerecorded CD (except software), tape, & record reproducing 492 .......................... 2 379 126 38.7 54.3 73.4 84.9 519.1 334613 Magnetic & optical recording media mfg 241 ........ 2 300 229 39.1 60.7 88.4 96.5 599.2 335 Electrical equipment, appliance, & component mfg 5 839 ..... 57 215 610 15.1 24.5 38.0 51.7 114.2 3351 Electric lighting equipment mfg 1 211 .................... 7 038 950 36.3 49.1 61.5 72.5 465.7 33511 Electric lamp bulb & part mfg 54 .................... 2 119 597 89.7 94.1 98.7 99.9 D 335110 Electric lamp bulb & part mfg 54 .................. 2 119 597 89.7 94.1 98.7 99.9 D 33512 Lighting fixture mfg 1 160 ............................. 4 919 353 25.7 36.5 50.5 64.9 226.6 335121 Residential electric lighting fixture mfg 543 .......... 1 166 774 23.3 35.3 54.5 72.6 259.1 335122 Commercial/industrial/institutional electric lighting fixture mfg 326 ................................. 2 070 729 37.5 54.3 68.8 82.8 511.6 335129 Other lighting equipment mfg 310 .................. 1 681 850 25.5 40.0 62.0 82.4 280.5 3352 Household appliance mfg 265 ......................... 10 082 604 53.2 65.5 82.7 96.8 839.8 33521 Small electrical appliance mfg 144 ................... 2 869 205 36.4 55.7 87.9 98.7 559.0 335211 Electric housewares & household fan mfg 119 ....... 1 666 523 47.6 69.3 92.9 99.1 790.3 335212 Household vacuum cleaner mfg 25 ............... 1 202 682 67.0 94.4 99.9 100.0 1 664.8 33522 Major appliance mfg 126 ............................ 7 213 399 66.1 81.3 95.5 99.9 1 319.6 335221 Household cooking appliance mfg 77 .............. 1 704 606 64.7 84.0 98.3 99.9 1 334.0 335222 Household refrigerator & home freezer mfg 21 ..... 1 941 186 82.8 97.6 D 100.0 2 161.6 335224 Household laundry equipment mfg 10 ............. 1 792 070 92.7 D 100.0 N D 335228 Other major household appliance mfg 32 .......... 1 775 537 68.1 95.2 99.9 100.0 1 429.7 3353 Electrical equipment mfg 2 517 .......................... 19 241 142 26.8 41.8 56.6 68.1 271.5 33531 Electrical equipment mfg 2 517 ........................ 19 241 142 26.8 41.8 56.6 68.1 271.5 335311 Power, distribution, & specialty transformer mfg 275 .. 2 566 056 44.0 61.7 79.3 91.8 646.1 335312 Motor & generator mfg 559 ....................... 6 123 289 39.3 51.7 69.9 85.2 580.9 335313 Switchgear & switchboard apparatus mfg 496 ....... 4 322 599 52.7 65.6 77.9 86.4 912.3 335314 Relay & industrial control mfg 1 241 .................. 6 229 198 34.1 44.7 55.7 68.5 465.2 3359 Other electrical equipment & component mfg 1 939 ........ 20 852 914 11.3 17.8 33.1 54.3 82.4 33591 Battery mfg 127 ................................... 3 560 826 48.1 74.4 93.1 99.1 910.1 335911 Storage battery mfg 96 .......................... 2 169 833 55.8 76.0 93.2 99.5 931.9 335912 Primary battery mfg 35 .......................... 1 390 993 89.1 97.8 99.9 100.0 D 33592 Communication & energy wire & cable mfg 219 ........ 6 229 721 30.2 43.0 68.4 86.8 390.3 335921 Fiber optic cable mfg 36 ......................... 1 373 769 70.6 85.1 97.5 100.0 2 353.5 335929 Other communication & energy wire mfg 193 ........ 4 855 952 26.0 41.3 68.7 87.3 312.1 33593 Wiring device mfg 604 .............................. 6 008 044 19.8 33.3 56.2 78.9 210.5 335931 Current~carrying wiring device mfg 446 ............. 3 553 666 23.4 36.8 61.8 81.8 259.4 335932 Noncurrent~carrying wiring device mfg 168 .......... 2 454 378 35.7 57.6 82.8 95.9 516.8 33599 All other electrical equipment & component mfg 1 026 .... 5 054 323 12.2 21.7 37.4 55.4 93.7 335991 Carbon & graphite product mfg 99 ................ 1 267 908 48.5 70.7 88.9 97.7 769.8 335999 All other miscellaneous electrical equipment & component mfg 928 ............................. 3 786 415 12.7 20.4 34.9 53.0 85.0 336 Transportation equipment mfg 10 979 ....................... 227 510 551 44.7 54.0 66.0 74.8 708.7 3361 Motor vehicle mfg 325 ................................ 72 574 976 87.3 93.8 98.8 99.7 D 33611 Automobile & light duty motor vehicle mfg 253 ......... 68 314 274 92.8 98.1 99.6 99.9 D 336111 Automobile mfg 173 .............................. 28 937 270 87.4 97.0 99.4 99.9 2 725.0 336112 Light truck & utility vehicle mfg 84 ................. 39 377 004 99.5 99.9 99.9 99.9 D 33612 Heavy duty truck mfg 75 ........................... 4 260 702 79.2 90.2 98.3 99.8 1 683.6 336120 Heavy duty truck mfg 75 ......................... 4 260 702 79.2 90.2 98.3 99.8 1 683.6 3362 Motor vehicle body & trailer mfg 1 922 ................... 7 693 717 18.4 26.7 41.1 57.0 140.9 33621 Motor vehicle body & trailer mfg 1 922 ................. 7 693 717 18.4 26.7 41.1 57.0 140.9 336211 Motor vehicle body mfg 747 ....................... 2 995 537 27.6 36.4 53.1 72.0 364.5 336212 Truck trailer mfg 355 ............................. 1 788 126 39.8 50.6 68.1 84.7 521.8 336213 Motor home mfg 75 ............................. 1 178 051 53.4 76.8 94.3 99.9 1 005.3 336214 Travel trailer & camper mfg 761 ................... 1 732 003 24.4 32.2 46.7 66.3 261.9 See footnotes at end of table. 

# 26 CONCENTRATION RATIOS MANUFACTURING

m SUBJECT SERIES U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census May 24, 2001

# Table 3. 

# Share of Value Added Accounted for by the 4, 8, 20, and 50 Largest Companies in **Each of the 3**~ **, 4**~**, 5**~**, and 6**~ **Digit NAICS Industries: 1997**

m Con. [For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendixes]

NACIS code Industry group and industry Percent of value added accounted for by the2

– Companies 1 Value added by manufacture ($1000) 4 largest companies 8 largest companies 20 largest companies 50 largest companies Herfindahl ~ Herschmann index for 50 largest companies3 336 Transportation equipment mfg

m Con. 3363 Motor vehicle parts mfg 4 767 ........................... 73 797 867 38.3 45.6 57.6 68.3 531.4 33631 Motor vehicle gasoline engine & engine parts mfg 924 .. 9 597 585 47.8 61.3 74.3 86.8 777.6 336311 Carburetor, piston, piston ring, & valve mfg 122 ...... 1 587 949 57.3 77.9 92.9 98.6 1 246.7 336312 Gasoline engine & engine parts mfg 810 ............ 8 009 636 51.6 64.2 76.7 89.0 817.4 33632 Motor vehicle electrical & electronic equipment mfg 981 ......................................... 9 574 476 51.6 59.2 73.0 84.8 1 398.4 336321 Vehicular lighting equipment mfg 99 ............... 1 612 341 57.8 76.8 92.6 99.4 1 136.8 336322 Other motor vehicle electrical & electronic equipment mfg 890 ............................. 7 962 135 53.5 62.5 75.2 85.7 1 594.5 33633 Motor vehicle steering & suspension component (except spring) mfg 183 ........................... 5 234 835 63.4 76.6 87.6 97.4 1 801.2 336330 Motor vehicle steering & suspension component (except spring) mfg 183 ......................... 5 234 835 63.4 76.6 87.6 97.4 1 801.2 33634 Motor vehicle brake system mfg 203 ................. 4 046 472 51.6 72.7 87.6 96.7 1 011.4 336340 Motor vehicle brake system mfg 203 ............... 4 046 472 51.6 72.7 87.6 96.7 1 011.4 33635 Motor vehicle transmission & power train parts mfg 427 . 11 916 802 55.4 78.1 89.8 95.6 952.1 336350 Motor vehicle transmission & power train parts mfg 427 ....................................... 11 916 802 55.4 78.1 89.8 95.6 952.1 33636 Motor vehicle seating & interior trim mfg 280 .......... 4 272 286 61.2 73.4 85.7 95.5 1 355.3 336360 Motor vehicle seating & interior trim mfg 280 ........ 4 272 286 61.2 73.4 85.7 95.5 1 355.3 33637 Motor vehicle metal stamping 662 ................... 10 915 335 45.0 50.1 58.4 70.3 663.4 336370 Motor vehicle metal stamping 662 ................. 10 915 335 45.0 50.1 58.4 70.3 663.4 33639 Other motor vehicle parts mfg 1 321 ................... 18 240 076 31.7 41.6 56.6 71.3 337.0 336391 Motor vehicle air~conditioning mfg 58 .............. 2 701 288 82.4 91.7 98.6 99.9 D 336399 All other motor vehicle parts mfg 1 271 ............... 15 538 788 24.7 36.1 53.3 69.4 228.5 3364 Aerospace product & parts mfg 1 530 .................... 57 688 592 55.6 75.0 85.2 90.8 1 030.8 33641 Aerospace product & parts mfg 1 530 .................. 57 688 592 55.6 75.0 85.2 90.8 1 030.8 336411 Aircraft mfg 172 ................................. 20 767 608 80.9 94.6 98.0 99.6 2 526.2 336412 Aircraft engine & engine parts mfg 281 ............. 11 679 669 74.2 79.9 86.2 93.4 1 753.7 336413 Other aircraft part & auxiliary equipment mfg 1 049 .... 13 110 835 55.2 68.6 77.2 85.6 1 126.2 336414 Guided missile & space vehicle mfg 15 ............ 9 492 504 91.6 99.6 100.0 N D 336415 Guided missile & space vehicle propulsion unit & parts mfg 19 .................................. 2 062 154 78.6 97.2 100.0 N 2 055.5 336419 Other guided missile & space vehicle parts & auxiliary equip mfg 48 .......................... 575 822 71.6 85.7 97.1 100.0 2 327.4 3365 Railroad rolling stock mfg 173 ......................... 3 345 283 52.9 71.3 89.3 97.3 1 219.9 33651 Railroad rolling stock mfg 173 ....................... 3 345 283 52.9 71.3 89.3 97.3 1 219.9 336510 Railroad rolling stock mfg 173 ..................... 3 345 283 52.9 71.3 89.3 97.3 1 219.9 3366 Ship & boat building 1 630 .............................. 8 602 771 43.1 53.7 65.4 75.5 578.7 33661 Ship & boat building 1 630 ............................ 8 602 771 43.1 53.7 65.4 75.5 578.7 336611 Ship building & repairing 649 ...................... 6 202 797 56.1 66.1 77.2 86.9 1 020.2 336612 Boat building 984 ................................ 2 399 974 38.9 47.2 58.3 72.4 620.1 3369 Other transportation equipment mfg 758 ................ 3 807 345 40.4 56.6 75.8 84.8 610.1 33699 Other transportation equipment mfg 758 .............. 3 807 345 40.4 56.6 75.8 84.8 610.1 336991 Motorcycle, bicycle, & parts mfg 373 ............... 1 605 782 63.9 74.7 84.2 91.5 2 104.3 336992 Military armored vehicle, tank, & tank component mfg 37 ....................................... 543 119 86.1 92.6 98.9 100.0 D 336999 All other transportation equipment mfg 349 .......... 1 658 444 50.3 71.7 81.6 90.4 807.3 337 Furniture & related product mfg 19 838 ...................... 34 839 134 12.6 19.2 28.6 38.8 67.7 3371 Household & institutional furniture & kitchen cabinet mfg 14 732 ........................................... 19 152 783 14.3 19.6 29.5 40.9 77.4 33711 Wood kitchen cabinet & counter top mfg 7 872 .......... 5 155 365 19.2 27.0 37.3 45.5 129.2 337110 Wood kitchen cabinet & counter top mfg 7 872 ........ 5 155 365 19.2 27.0 37.3 45.5 129.2 33712 Household & institutional furniture mfg 6 867 ............ 13 997 418 18.9 25.1 35.7 48.3 129.7 337121 Upholstered household furniture mfg 1 566 ........... 3 978 674 34.0 41.7 55.8 69.4 356.1 337122 Nonupholstered wood household furniture mfg 3 677 ... 5 905 184 26.2 36.9 51.8 65.3 256.8 337124 Metal household furniture mfg 389 ................. 1 235 159 24.7 37.8 62.8 82.3 270.9 337125 Household furniture (except wood & metal) mfg 211 .. 271 862 47.8 64.3 81.0 93.2 745.1 337127 Institutional furniture mfg 977 ...................... 2 456 703 19.4 28.3 42.1 58.8 159.0 337129 Wood television, radio, & sewing machine cabinet mfg 99 ....................................... 149 836 45.5 61.3 84.3 96.8 742.2 3372 Office furniture (including fixtures) mfg 4 086 .............. 12 559 656 30.8 38.2 45.0 53.3 315.8 33721 Office furniture (including fixtures) mfg 4 086 ............ 12 559 656 30.8 38.2 45.0 53.3 315.8 337211 Wood office furniture mfg 639 ..................... 1 744 454 35.9 43.8 55.8 70.7 433.4 337212 Custom architectural woodwork & millwork mfg 1 094 .. 1 352 631 8.6 12.8 21.5 36.2 39.3 337214 Office furniture (except wood) mfg 303 ............. 5 018 286 67.2 81.3 88.9 94.8 1 505.3 337215 Showcase, partition, shelving, & locker mfg 2 073 ..... 4 444 285 11.3 16.7 27.5 42.0 63.1 3379 Other furniture related product mfg 1 071 ................. 3 126 695 36.2 46.6 57.8 69.3 400.7 33791 Mattress mfg 628 .................................. 1 977 231 41.6 48.6 58.9 71.9 658.1 337910 Mattress mfg 628 ................................ 1 977 231 41.6 48.6 58.9 71.9 658.1 33792 Blind & shade mfg 443 ............................. 1 149 464 55.2 66.6 76.9 87.3 1 029.3 337920 Blind & shade mfg 443 ........................... 1 149 464 55.2 66.6 76.9 87.3 1 029.3 See footnotes at end of table. 

# MANUFACTURING

m SUBJECT SERIES CONCENTRATION RATIOS 27 U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census May 24, 2001

# Table 3. 

# Share of Value Added Accounted for by the 4, 8, 20, and 50 Largest Companies in **Each of the 3**~ **, 4**~**, 5**~**, and 6**~ **Digit NAICS Industries: 1997**

m Con. [For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendixes]

NACIS code Industry group and industry Percent of value added accounted for by the2

– Companies 1 Value added by manufacture ($1000) 4 largest companies 8 largest companies 20 largest companies 50 largest companies Herfindahl ~ Herschmann index for 50 largest companies3 339 Miscellaneous mfg 30 335 ................................. 61 452 548 9.4 14.1 22.6 34.1 47.2 3391 Medical equipment & supplies mfg 12 123 ................. 30 613 184 18.6 27.0 40.4 57.2 166.6 33911 Medical equipment & supplies mfg 12 123 ............... 30 613 184 18.6 27.0 40.4 57.2 166.6 339111 Laboratory apparatus & furniture mfg 371 ........... 1 344 180 18.7 32.4 54.7 75.2 195.4 339112 Surgical & medical instrument mfg 1 456 ............. 13 148 075 35.0 48.1 65.2 78.8 435.5 339113 Surgical appliance & supplies mfg 1 511 .............. 9 863 213 18.5 30.7 52.9 70.5 180.3 339114 Dental equipment & supplies mfg 849 .............. 1 717 856 38.4 47.2 64.2 78.6 459.7 339115 Ophthalmic goods mfg 520 ....................... 2 387 162 49.4 62.9 80.3 89.3 794.7 339116 Dental laboratories 7 490 ........................... 2 152 698 5.6 7.3 10.1 15.1 10.4 3399 Other miscellaneous mfg 18 232 ......................... 30 839 364 6.7 11.4 19.8 29.1 26.2 33991 Jewelry & silverware mfg 3 737 ....................... 3 991 201 14.4 19.8 30.3 45.2 90.6 339911 Jewelry (except costume) mfg 2 278 ................. 2 376 932 13.5 20.2 33.1 48.0 84.7 339912 Silverware & plated ware mfg 158 .................. 529 984 68.0 76.9 87.5 95.6 2 780.9 339913 Jewelers’ material & lapidary work mfg 391 ......... 275 984 26.7 39.7 60.4 77.4 293.2 339914 Costume jewelry & novelty mfg 917 ................ 808 301 26.9 41.3 55.8 69.5 279.7 33992 Sporting & athletic goods mfg 2 477 ................... 5 866 075 24.1 31.2 45.0 61.3 191.6 339920 Sporting & athletic goods mfg 2 477 ................. 5 866 075 24.1 31.2 45.0 61.3 191.6 33993 Doll, toy, & game mfg 995 .......................... 2 816 422 41.6 51.7 63.4 77.7 555.4 339931 Doll & stuffed toy mfg 239 ........................ 194 644 33.0 55.6 75.5 90.5 452.5 339932 Game, toy, & children’s vehicle mfg 756 ............ 2 621 778 44.7 55.5 68.2 81.6 639.3 33994 Office supplies (except paper) mfg 999 ............... 2 590 428 32.8 43.6 58.3 74.3 379.4 339941 Pen & mechanical pencil mfg 106 .................. 916 161 64.0 77.6 89.4 97.9 1 297.2 339942 Lead pencil & art good mfg 171 .................... 810 183 59.1 71.0 84.5 94.9 1 352.6 339943 Marking device mfg 617 .......................... 423 895 22.3 34.3 50.6 66.6 197.8 339944 Carbon paper & inked ribbon mfg 106 .............. 440 189 41.3 61.2 83.9 95.2 615.2 33995 Sign mfg 5 580 ...................................... 4 637 205 8.8 12.6 19.9 30.5 36.6 339950 Sign mfg 5 580 .................................... 4 637 205 8.8 12.6 19.9 30.5 36.6 33999 All other miscellaneous mfg 4 475 ..................... 10 938 033 11.3 17.9 29.2 43.6 66.6 339991 Gasket, packing, & sealing device mfg 561 .......... 3 132 922 25.0 37.7 56.1 74.1 248.8 339992 Musical instrument mfg 552 ....................... 836 529 32.3 46.4 67.0 82.3 462.1 339993 Fastener, button, needle, & pin mfg 240 ............ 503 706 49.1 59.0 73.7 90.6 1 049.3 339994 Broom, brush, & mop mfg 306 ..................... 1 157 593 25.9 39.5 63.1 81.2 296.3 339995 Burial casket mfg 161 ............................ 857 988 80.1 84.2 91.0 96.0 D 339999 All other miscellaneous mfg 2 660 ................... 4 449 295 14.2 22.5 35.8 48.9 93.8

1 For the census, a company is defined as a business organization consisting of one establishment or more under common ownership or control. 2Value added concentration ratios are presented as an alternative to the traditional value of shipments concentration ratios because value of shipme nts typically include an immeasurable amount of duplication. However, eliminating duplication can both raise and lower the concentration ratios. Also, use of value added results in more differe nces than those associated with eliminating duplication and frequently results in the inclusion of different companies in the company groups. 3The Herfindahl ~ Herschmann index is calculated by summing the squares of the individual company percentages for the 50 largest companies or theuniverse, whichever is lower.



# 28 CONCENTRATION RATIOS MANUFACTURING

m SUBJECT SERIES U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census May 24, 2001

# Appendix A. Explanation of Terms

COST OF MATERIALSThis term refers to direct charges actually paid or payable for items consumed or put into production during the year, including freight charges and other direct charges incurred by the establishment in acquiring these materials. It includes the cost of materials or fuel consumed, whether purchased by the individual establishment fromother companies, transferred to it from other establishments of the same company, or withdrawn from inventory during the year. Included in this item are: 1. Cost of parts, components, containers, etc.—Includesall raw materials, semifinished goods, parts, containers, scrap, and supplies put into production or used as operating supplies and for repair and maintenance during the year.2. Cost of products bought and sold in the same condition. 3. Cost of fuels consumed for heat and power—Includesthe cost of materials or fuel consumed, whether purchased by the individual establishment from other companies, transferred to it from other establishments of the same company, or withdrawn from inventory during the year. 4. Cost of purchased electricity—The cost of purchased electric energy represents the amount actually usedduring the year for heat and power. In addition, information was collected on the quantity of electricenergy generated by the establishment and the quantity of electric energy sold or transferred to other plants of the same company. 5. Cost of contract work—This term applies to workdone by others on materials furnished by the manufacturing establishment. The actual cost of the material is to be reported on the cost of materials, parts, and containers line of this item. The term ‘‘Contract Work’’ refers to the fee a company pays to another company to perform a service. EMPLOYEES This item includes all full-time and part-time employees on the payrolls of operating manufacturing establishments during any part of the pay period which included the 12th of the months specified on the report form. Included are all persons on paid sick leave, paid holidays, and paid vacations during these pay periods. Officers of corporations are included as employees; proprietors and partners of unincorporated firms are excluded. The ‘‘all employees’’ number is the average number of production workers plus the number of other employees in mid-March. The numberof production workers is the average for the payroll periods including the 12th of March, May, August, and November. Production WorkersThis item includes workers (up through the linesupervisor level) engaged in fabricating, processing,assembling, inspecting, receiving, storing, handling, packing, warehousing, shipping (but not delivering), maintenance, repair, janitorial and guard services, product development, auxiliary production for plant’s own use (e.g., power plant), recordkeeping, and other services closelyassociated with these production operations at the establishment covered by the report. Employees above the working-supervisor level are excluded from this item. All Other Employees This item covers nonproduction employees of the manufacturing establishment including those engaged in factory supervision above the line-supervisor level. Itincludes sales (including driver-salespersons), sales delivery (highway truck drivers and their helpers), advertising,credit, collection, installation and servicing of own products, clerical and routine office functions, executive, purchasing, financing, legal, personnel (including cafeteria, medical, etc.), professional, and technical employees. Alsoincluded are employees on the payroll of the manufacturing establishment engaged in the construction of major additions or alterations utilized as a separate work force. NUMBER OF ESTABLISHMENTS AND COMPANIES A separate report was required for each manufacturing establishment (plant) with one employee or more. An establishment is defined as a single physical location where manufacturing is performed. A company, on theother hand, is defined as a business organization consisting of one establishment or more under common ownership or control. If the company operated at different physical locations, even if the individual locations were producing the same line of goods, a separate report was requested for each APPENDIX A A–1 1997 ECONOMIC CENSUS U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census

## location. If the company operated in two or more distinct lines of manufacturing at the same location, a separate report was requested for each activity. An establishment not in operation for any portion of the year was requested to return the report form with the proper notation in the ‘‘Operational Status’’ section of the form. In addition, the establishment was requested toreport data on any employees, capital expenditures, inventories, or shipments from inventories during the year. PAYROLL This item includes the gross earnings of all employees on the payrolls of operating manufacturing establishments paid in the calendar year. Respondents were told they could follow the definition of payrolls used for calculatingthe Federal withholding tax. It includes all forms of compensation, such as salaries, wages, commissions, dismissal pay, bonuses, vacation and sick leave pay, andcompensation in kind, prior to such deductions as employees’ social security contributions, withholding taxes, group insurance, union dues, and savings bonds. The total includes salaries of officers of corporations; it excludes payments to proprietors or partners of unincorporated concerns. Also excluded are payments to members ofArmed Forces and pensioners carried on the active payrolls of manufacturing establishments.The census definition of payrolls is identical to that recommended to all Federal statistical agencies by the Office of Management and Budget. It should be noted that thisdefinition does not include employers’ social security contributions or other nonpayroll labor costs, such as employees’ pension plans, group insurance premiums, and workers’ compensation.The ASM provides estimates of employers’ total supplemental labor costs (those required by Federal and state laws and those incurred voluntarily or as part of collective bargaining agreements). PRODUCTION-WORKER HOURS This item covers hours worked or paid for at the plant,including actual overtime hours (not straight-time equivalent hours). It excludes hours paid for vacations, holidays, or sick leave. TOTAL CAPITAL EXPENDITURES (NEW AND USED) For establishments in operation and any known plants under construction, manufacturers were asked to reporttheir new and used expenditures for (1) permanent additions and major alterations to manufacturing establishments and (2) machinery and equipment used for replacement and additions to plant capacity if they were of thetype for which depreciation accounts were ordinarily maintained. Totals for expenditures include the costs of assets leased from nonmanufacturing concerns through capital leases. New facilities owned by the Federal Government but operated under contract by private companies and plant and equipment furnished to the manufacturer by communities and nonprofit organizations are excluded.Also excluded are expenditures for land and cost of maintenance and repairs charged as current operating expenses. For any equipment or structure transferred for the use of the reporting establishment by the parent company orone of its subsidiaries, the value at which it was transferred to the establishment was to be reported. If an establishment changed ownership during the year, the cost of the fixed assets (building and equipment) was to be reported. VALUE ADDED This measure of manufacturing activity is derived by subtracting the cost of materials, supplies, containers, fuel, purchased electricity, and contract work from the value of shipments (products manufactured plus receipts for services rendered). The result of this calculation is adjusted by the addition of value added by merchandising operations (i.e., the difference between the sales valueand the cost of merchandise sold without further manufacture, processing, or assembly) plus the net change in finished goods and work-in-process between the beginningand end-of-year inventories.For those industries where value of production is collected instead of value of shipments, value added isadjusted only for the change in work-in-process inventories between the beginning and end of year. For those industries where value of work done is collected, the value added does not include an adjustment for the change in finished goods or work-in-process inventories. ‘‘Value added’’ avoids the duplication in the figure for value of shipments that results from the use of products of some establishments as materials by others. Valueadded is considered to be the best value measure available for comparing the relative economic importance of manufacturing among industries and geographic areas. VALUE OF SHIPMENTS This item covers the received or receivable net selling values, f.o.b. plant (exclusive of freight and taxes), of all products shipped, both primary and secondary, as well as all miscellaneous receipts, such as receipts for contract work performed for others, installation and repair, sales ofscrap, and sales of products bought and sold without further processing. Included are all items made by or for the establishments from material owned by it, whether sold, transferred to other plants of the same company, or shipped on consignment. The net selling value of products made in one plant on a contract basis from materials owned by another was reported by the plant providing the materials. A–2APPENDIX A 1997 ECONOMIC CENSUS U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census

## In the case of multiunit companies, the manufacturer was requested to report the value of products transferredto other establishments of the same company at full economic or commercial value, including not only the direct cost of production but also a reasonable proportion of ‘‘all other costs’’ (including company overhead) and profit. In addition to the value for NAICS defined products, aggregates of the following categories of miscellaneous receipts are reported as part of a total establishment’s value of product shipments:

1. Reported contract work—Receipts for work or services that a plant performed for others on their materials. 2. Value of resales—Sales of products brought and sold without further manufacture, processing, or assembly. 3. Other miscellaneous receipts—Such as repair work, installation, sales of scrap, etc. Industry primary product value of shipments represents one of the three components of value of shipments. These components are:

1. Primary products value of shipments. 2. Secondary product value of shipments. 3. Total miscellaneous receipts. Primary product shipments is used in the calculations of industry specialization ratio and industry coverage ratio. The term ‘‘Value of primary products shipments made in this industry’’ is used in this publication and refers to the same data. DUPLICATION IN COST OF MATERIALS AND VALUE OF SHIPMENT The aggregate of the cost of materials and value ofshipments figures for industry groups and for all manufacturing industries includes large amounts of duplication since the products of some industries are used as materials by others. This duplication results, in part, from the addition of related industries representing successivestages in the production of a finished manufactured product. Examples are the addition of flour mills to bakeries in the food group and the addition of pulp mills to paper mills in the paper and allied products group of industries. Estimates of the overall extent of this duplication indicate that the value of manufactured products exclusive of such duplication (the value of finished manufactures) tends to approximate two-thirds of the total value of products reported in the annual survey. Duplication of products within individual industries is significant within a number of industry groups, e.g., machinery and transportation industries. These industries frequently include complete machinery and their parts. Inthis case, the parts made for original equipment are materials consumed for assembly plants in the same industry. Even when no significant amount of duplication isinvolved, value of shipments figures are deficient as measures of the relative economic importance of individual manufacturing industries or geographic areas because of the wide variation in ratio of materials, labor, and other processing costs of value of shipments, both among industries and within the same industry. Before 1962, cost of materials and value of shipments were not published for some industries which included considerable duplication. Since then, these data have been published for all industries at the U.S. level and beginning in 1964, for all geographic levels.

APPENDIX A A–3 1997 ECONOMIC CENSUS U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census

# Appendix B. NAICS Codes, Titles, and Descriptions

Not applicable for this report.

APPENDIX B B–1 MANUFACTURING—INDUSTRY SERIES U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census

# Appendix C. Coverage and Methodology

MAIL/NONMAIL UNIVERSE The manufacturing universe includes about 400,000 establishments. This number includes those industries in the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS)definition of manufacturing, but not those industries leaving the manufacturing sector in the classification change.The amounts of information requested from manufacturing establishments were dependent upon a number of factors. The more important considerations were the size of the company and whether it was included in the annual survey of manufactures (ASM). The methods of obtaining information for the various subsets of the universe to arrive at the aggregate figures shown in the publication are described below:

1. Small single-establishment companies not sent a report form. Approximately 40 percent of the manufacturingestablishments were small single-establishment companies that were excused from filing a census report. Selection of these establishments was based on two factors: annual payroll and our ability to assign the correct six-digit NAICS industry classification to the establishment. For each four-digit Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) industry code, an annual payroll cutoff was determined. These cutoffs were derived sothat the establishments with payroll less than the cutoff were expected to account for no more than 3 percent of the value of shipments for the industry. Generally, all single-establishment companies with less than 5 employees were excused, while all establishments with more than 20 employees were mailed forms. Establishments below the cutoff that could not be directly assigned a six-digit NAICS code were mailed a classification report which requested information for assigning NAICS industry codes. Establishments below the cutoff that could be directly assigned a six-digit NAICS code were excused from filing any report. For below cutoff establishments, information on the physical location, payroll, and receipts was obtainedfrom the administrative records of other Federal agencies under special arrangements that safeguarded their confidentiality. Estimates of data for these small establishmentswere developed using industry averages in conjunction with the administrative information. The value of shipments and cost of materials were not distributed among specific products and materials for these establishments but were included in the product and material ‘‘not specified by kind’’ (nsk) categories. The industry classification codes included in the administrative-record files were assigned on the basis of brief descriptions of the general activity of the establishment. As a result, an indeterminate numberof establishments were erroneously coded to a fourdigit SIC industry and then erroneously re-coded to a six-digit NAICS industry. This was especially truewhenever there was a relatively fine line of demarcation between industries or between manufacturing and nonmanufacturing activity. Sometimes the administrative-record cases had only two-or three-digit SIC group classification codes available in the files. For the 1997 Economic Census – Manufacturing, these establishments were sent aseparate classification form, which requested information on the products and services of the establishment. This form was used to code many of these establishments to the appropriate six-digit NAICSlevel. Establishments that did not return the classification form were coded later to those six-digit NAICS industries identified as ‘‘All other’’ industries within the given subsector. As a result of these situations, a number of smallestablishments may have been misclassified by industry. However, such possible misclassification has no significant effect on the statistics other than on the number of companies and establishments.The total establishment count for individual industries should be viewed as an approximation ratherthan a precise measurement. The counts for establishments with 20 employees or more are far more reliable than the count of total number of establishments. 2. Establishments sent a report form. The establishments covered in the mail canvass were divided into three groups: a. ASM sample establishments.This group accounts for approximately 15 percent of all manufacturing establishments. The ASM panel covers all the units of large manufacturing establishments as well as a sample of the medium and smaller establishments. The probability ofselection was proportionate to size. For more information, see the Description of the ASM Survey Sample. APPENDIX C C–1 MANUFACTURING U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census

## In an economic census year, the ASM report form (MA-1000) replaces the first page of the regular census form for those establishments included inthe ASM. In addition to information on employment, payroll, and other items normally requested on the regular census form, establishments in the ASM sample were requested to supply additional information on gross book value of assets and capital expenditures. ASM establishments were also requested to provide information on retirements, depreciation, rental payments, and supplemental labor costs. For establishments not included in the ASM, these additional items were estimated using relationships observed in the ASM establishment data. The census statistics for these variables are asum of the ASM establishment data and the estimated data for non-ASM establishments. ASM establishments were also requested to provide information for selected purchased services. The census statistics for the purchased service items were derived solely from the ASM establishments.See Appendix A, Explanation of Terms for an explanation of these items. The census part of the reportform is 1 of 220 versions containing product, material, and special inquiries. The diversity of manufacturing activities necessitated the use of this many forms to canvass the 480 manufacturing industries. Each form was developed for a group of related industries. Appearing on each form was a list of products primary to the group of related industries as well as secondary products and miscellaneous services that establishments classified in these industries were likely to perform. Respondents were requested to identify the products, the value of each product, and, in many cases, the quantity of the product shipped during the survey year. Space also was provided for the respondent to describe products not specifically identified on the form.The report form also contained a materialsconsumed inquiry which varied from form to form depending on the industries being canvassed. Therespondents were asked to review a list of materials generally used in their production processes. From this list, each establishment was requested toidentify those materials consumed during the survey year, the cost of each, and, in certain cases, thequantity consumed. Once again, space was provided for the respondent to describe significant materials not identified on the form. A wide variety of special inquiries was included to measure activities peculiar to a given industry, such as operations performed and equipment used. b. Large and medium establishments (non-ASM). Approximately 30 percent of all manufacturingestablishments were included in this group. A variable cutoff, based on administrative-record payroll data and determined on an industry-by-industry basis, was used to select those establishments that were to receive 1 of the 220 economic census – manufacturing regular forms. The first page, requesting establishment data for items such as employment and payroll, was standard but did not contain the detailed statistics included on the ASM form. The product, material, and special inquiry sections supplied were based on the historical industry classification of the establishment. c. Small single-establishment companies (non-ASM). This group includes approximately 15 percent ofall manufacturing establishments. For those industries where application of the variable cutoff foradministrative-record cases resulted in a large number of small establishments being included in the mail canvass, an abbreviated or short form was used. These establishments received 1 of the 31versions of the short form, which requested summary product and material data and totals but no details on employment, payroll, cost of materials, inventories, and capital expenditures. Use of the short form has no adverse effect on published totals for the industry statistics because the same data were collected on the short form as on the long form. However, detailed information onproducts and materials consumed was not collected on the short form; thus, its use would increase the value of the nsk categories. INDUSTRY CLASSIFICATION OF ESTABLISHMENTSEach of the establishments covered in the 1997 Economic Census – Manufacturing was classified in 1 of 480 industries (473 manufacturing industries and 7 former manufacturing industries) in accordance with the industrydefinitions in the 1997 NAICS Manual. This is the first edition of the NAICS Manual and it is a major change from the 1987 SIC Manual that was used previously. Appendix A of the 1997 NAICS Manual notes the comparability between the 1987 SIC and 1997 NAICS classification systems. When applicable, Appendix G of this report shows the product class and product comparability between the two systems for data in this report. In the NAICS system, an industry is generally defined as a group of establishments that have similar productionprocesses. To the extent practical, the system uses supplybased or production-oriented concepts in defining industries. The resulting group of establishments must be significant in terms of number, value added by manufacture, value of shipments, and number of employees. C

–2 APPENDIX C MANUFACTURING U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census

## The coding system works in such a way that the definitions progressively become narrower with successive additions of numerical digits. In the manufacturing sector for 1997, there are 21 subsectors (three-digit NAICS), 86 industry groups (four-digit NAICS), 184 NAICS industries (five-digit NAICS) that are comparable with Canadian and Mexican classification, and 473 U.S. industries (six-digitNAICS). This represents an expansion of the four-digit SICbased U.S. industries from 459 in 1987. Product classes and products of the manufacturing industries have been assigned codes based on the industry from which theyoriginate. In the new system, there are about 1,500 product classes (seven-digit codes), about 6,000 census products, and an additional 3,700 CIR products (ten-digit codes). The ten-digit products are considered the primary products of the industry with the same first six digits.These counts do not include the seven former manufacturing industries that are included in the 1997 Economic Census – Manufacturing. For the 1997 Economic Census – Manufacturing, all establishments were classified in particular industries based on the products they produced. If an establishment made products of more than one industry, it was classified in the industry with the largest product value. For 1997, there were no ‘‘resistance rules’’ or ‘‘frozen industries.’’ In ASM years, establishments included in the ASM sample with certainty weights are reclassified by industry only if the change in the primary activity from the prioryear is significant or if the change has occurred for 2 successive years. This procedure prevents reclassification when there are minor shifts in product mix. In ASM years, establishments included in the ASM sample with noncertainty weight are not shifted from one industry classification to another. They are retained in the industry where they were classified in the base census year. However, in the following census year, these ASM plants are allowed to shift from one industry to another. The results of these rules covering the switching of plants from one industry classification to another are thatsome industries comprise different mixes of establishments in different survey years. Hence, comparisonsbetween prior-year and current-year published totals, particularly at the six-digit NAICS level, should be viewed with caution. This is particularly true for the comparison between the data shown for a census year versus the data shown for the previous ASM year. As previously noted, the small establishments that may have been misclassified by industry are usually administrative-record cases whose industry codes were assigned on the basis of incomplete descriptions of thegeneral activity of the establishment. Such possible misclassifications have no significant effect on the statisticsother than on the number of companies and establishments. Establishments frequently make products classifiedboth in their industry (primary products) and other industries (secondary products). Industry statistics (employment, payroll, value added by manufacture, value of shipments, etc.) reflect the activities of the establishments which may make both primary and secondary products. Product statistics, however, represent the output of all establishments without regard for the classification of the producing establishment. For this reason, when relating the industry statistics, especially the value of shipments, to the product statistics, the composition of the industry’s output should be considered. The extent to which industry and product statistics may be matched with each other is measured by the primary product specialization ratio and the coverage ratio. The primary product specialization ratio is the proportion of industry shipments accounted for by the primary products of establishments classified in the industry. The coverage ratio is the proportion of product shipments accounted for by establishments classified in the industry. ESTABLISHMENT BASIS OF REPORTING The economic census – manufacturing is conducted on an establishment basis. A company operating at more than one location is required to file a separate report for each location or establishment. The ASM also is conducted on an establishment basis, but separate reports are filedfor just those establishments selected in the sample. Companies engaged in distinctly different lines of activity at one location are requested to submit separate reports if the plant records permit such a separation and if the activities are substantial in size. In 1997, as in earlier years, a minimum size limit wasset for inclusion of establishments in the census. All establishments employing one person or more at any time during the census year are included. The same size limitation has applied since 1947 in censuses and annual surveys ofmanufactures. In the 1939 and earlier censuses, establishments with less than $5,000 value of products were excluded. The change in the minimum size limit in 1947 does not appreciably affect the historical comparability ofthe census figures except for data on number of establishments for a few industries. The 1997 Economic Census – Manufacturing excludes data for central administrative offices (CAOs). These would include separately operated administrative offices,warehouses, garages, and other auxiliary units that service manufacturing establishments of the same company. These data are published in a separate report series. DESCRIPTION OF THE ASM SURVEY SAMPLE The annual survey of manufactures (ASM) sample is drawn for the second survey year after a census. The most recent sample was drawn for the 1994 survey year based on the 1992 Census of Manufactures. This sample will be in place through the 1998 ASM. APPENDIX C C

–3 MANUFACTURING U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census

## In 1992, there were approximately 370,000 individual manufacturing establishments. For sample efficiency and cost considerations, the 1992 manufacturing populationwas partitioned into two components for developing estimates within the ASM; a mail stratum and a nonmail stratum. Mail stratum. The mail stratum of the survey is comprised of larger single-location manufacturing companiesand all manufacturing establishments of multiunit companies (companies that operate at more than one physicallocation). Approximately 230,000 of the 370,000 establishments in the 1992 census were assigned to the mailstratum. On an annual basis, the mail stratum is supplemented with larger, newly active single-location companies identified from a list provided by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) and new manufacturing locations of multiunit companies identified from the Census Bureau’s Company Organization Survey (COS). For the 1994 survey, a new sample of approximately 58,000 individual establishments was selected from themail stratum assembled from the 1992 census. Supplemental samples representing both 1993 and 1994 births (newly active establishments that were not included in the 1992 census) were also selected. Establishments selected for the sample are mailed an ASM survey questionnaire for each year through 1998. The 1994-98 ASM sample design is similar to the oneused since 1984. Companies in the 1992 Census of Manufactures with manufacturing shipments of at least $500 million were defined as company certainties. For these large companies, each manufacturing establishment is included in the mail sample. For the 1994-98 sample,there are approximately 650 certainty companies collectively accounting for over 18,000 establishments. For the remaining portion of the mail component of the survey, the establishment was defined as the sample unit. All establishments with 250 employees or more weredefined as employment certainties. In addition, all establishments producing products in SIC 3571 (Electronic Computers) were defined as certainties. Across these three arbitrary certainty classes, there were approximately25,000 establishments included in the sample with certainty. Collectively, these certainty establishments accounted for approximately 80 percent of the total value of shipments in the 1992 Census of Manufactures. Smaller establishments in the remaining portion of the mail stratum were sampled with probabilities ranging from .02 to 1.00. The initial probabilities of selection assigned to these establishments were proportionate to a measure-of-size determined for each establishment. The measure-of-size was a function of the establishment’s 1992 industry classification, its 1992 product class data, and the historical variability of the year-to-year estimates of the product class estimates. For each product class (1,755) and four-digit industry (459), a desired reliability constraint was specified. Using a technique developed by Dr. James R. Chromy of the Research Triangle Institute, the initial establishment probabilities were optimized suchthat the expected sample satisfied all industry and product class reliability constraints while the sample size was minimized. This technique reduces the likelihood of selecting nonrepresentative samples for individual product classes or industries.This method of assigning probabilities based on product class shipments is motivated by our primary desire to produce reliable estimates of both product class andindustry shipments. The high correlation between shipments and employment, value-added, and other generalstatistics assures that these variables will also be well represented by the sample. The actual sample selection procedure uses an independent chance of selection method (Poisson sampling) which permits us to prevent small establishments from being selected in consecutivesamples without introducing a bias into the survey estimates. Nonmail component. The initial nonmail component of the survey was comprised of approximately 140,000 small, single-establishment companies that were tabulatedas administrative records in the 1992 Census of Manufactures. The nonmail stratum is also supplemented annually using the list of newly active single-location companies provided by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) and payroll cutoffs. Companies with payroll below the payroll cutoff are added to the nonmail stratum. For this portion of the population, sampling is not used. The data for this group are estimated based on selected information obtained annually from the administrative records of the IRS and Social Security Administration (SSA). This administrative information, which includes payroll, total employment, industry classification, and physical location, is obtained under conditions which safeguard the confidentiality of both tax and census records. DESCRIPTION OF THE ASM ESTIMATING PROCEDURE Most of the ASM estimates derived for the mail stratumare computed using a difference estimator. At the establishment level, there is a strong correlation between the current-year data values and the corresponding 1992 (base) data values. Therefore, within the mailed stratum, for each item at each level of aggregation, an estimate of the ‘‘difference’’ between the current year and the baseyear is computed from sample cases and added to the corresponding base-year values. For the 1993-1997 ASM estimates, the 1992 Census of Manufactures values serve as the base year. For the 1998 ASM, the base will be updated to be the 1997 Economic Census – Manufacturing. Due to the positive year-to-year correlation, estimatesderived using this methodology are generally more reliable than comparable estimates developed from the current sample data alone. Estimates for the capital expenditures variables are not generated using the difference C

–4 APPENDIX C MANUFACTURING U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census

## estimator because the year-to-year correlations are considerably weaker. The standard linear estimator is used for these variables. For the nonmail stratum, estimates for payroll and employment are directly tabulated from theadministrative-record data provided by IRS and SSA. Estimates of data other than payroll and employment are developed from industry averages. Although the nonmailstratum contains approximately 170,000 individual establishments in 1994, it accounts for less than 2 percent of the estimate for total value of shipments at the total manufacturing level.Corresponding estimates for the mail and nonmail components are combined to produce the estimates included in this publication. QUALIFICATIONS OF THE ASM DATA The estimates developed from the sample are apt to differ somewhat from the results of a survey covering all companies in the sample lists but otherwise conducted under essentially the same conditions as the actual sample survey. The estimates of the magnitude of the sampling errors (the difference between the estimates obtained and the results theoretically obtained from a comparable, complete-coverage survey) are provided by the standard errors of estimates. The particular sample selected for the ASM is one of many similar probability samples that, by chance, might have been selected under the same specifications. Each of the possible samples would yield somewhat different sets of results, and the standard errors are measures of the variation of all the possible sample estimates around the theoretically comparable, complete-coverage values. Estimates of the standard errors have been computed from the sample data for selected ASM statistics in thisreport. They are represented in the form of relative standard errors (the standard errors divided by the estimated values to which they refer). In conjunction with its associated estimate, the relative standard error may be used to define confidence intervals(ranges that would include the comparable, completecoverage value for specified percentages of all the possible samples). The complete-coverage value would be included in the range: From one standard error below to one standard error above the derived estimate for about two-thirds of all possible samples. From two standard errors below to two standard errors above the derived estimate for about 19 out of 20 of all possible samples. From three standard errors below to three standard errors above the derived estimate for nearly all samples. An inference that the comparable, complete-surveyresult would be within the indicated ranges would be correct in approximately the relative frequencies shown.Those proportions, therefore, may be interpreted as defining the confidence that the estimates from a particular sample would differ from complete-coverage results by as much as one, two, or three standard errors, respectively. For example, suppose an estimated total is shown at 50,000 with an associated relative standard error of 2 percent, that is, a standard error of 1,000 (2 percent of 50,000). There is approximately 67 percent confidencethat the interval 49,000 to 51,000 includes the completecoverage total, about 95 percent confidence that the interval 48,000 to 52,000 includes the complete-coverage total, and almost certain confidence that the interval 47,000 to 53,000 includes the complete-coverage total.In addition to the sample errors, the estimates are subject to various response and operational errors: errors of collection, reporting, coding, transcription, imputation for nonresponse, etc. These operational errors also would occur if a complete canvass were to be conducted under the same conditions as the survey. Explicit measures of their effects generally are not available. However, it is believed that most of the important operational errors were detected and corrected during the Census Bureau’s review of the data for reasonableness and consistency. The small operational errors usually remain. To some extent, they are compensating in the aggregated totals shown. When important operational errors were detected too late to correct the estimates, the data were suppressed or were specifically qualified in the tables. As derived, the estimated standard errors included part of the effect of the operational errors. The total errors, which depend upon the joint effect of the sampling andoperational errors, are usually of the order of size indicated by the standard error, or moderately higher. However, for particular estimates, the total error may considerably exceed the standard errors shown. Any figures shownin the tables in this publication having an associated standard error exceeding 15 percent may be combined with higher level totals, creating a broader aggregate, which then may be of acceptable reliability. DATA FROM THE CURRENT INDUSTRIAL REPORTS (CIR) The CIR program provides product statistics forselected manufacturing industries at the U.S. level annually and, in some cases, monthly and/or quarterly. When detail product data are collected in the CIR, they are not also collected in the census. However, the annual CIR data are included in the census Product Summary report.The CIR program uses a unified data collection, processing, and publication system. The Census Bureau updates the survey panels for most reports annually andreconciles the estimates to the results of the broaderbased annual survey of manufactures and the economic APPENDIX C C

–5 MANUFACTURING U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census

## census – manufacturing. The economic census – manufacturing provides a complete list of all producers of the products covered by the CIR program and serves as the primary source for CIR sampling. Where a small number of producers exist, CIR surveys cover all known producers of a product. However, when the number of producers is large, cutoff and random sampling techniques are used. Surveys are continually reviewed and modified to provide the most up-to-date information on products produced.While the CIR program includes both mandatory and voluntary surveys, the annual data are mandatory. DUPLICATION IN COST OF MATERIALS AND VALUE OF SHIPMENTS Data for cost of materials and value of shipments include varying amounts of duplication, especially at higher levels of aggregation. This is because the products of one establishment may be the materials of another. The value added statistics avoid this duplication and are, formost purposes, the best measure for comparing the relative economic importance of industries and geographic areas. VALUE OF INDUSTRY SHIPMENTS COMPARED WITH VALUE OF PRODUCT SHIPMENTS The 1997 Economic Census – Manufacturing shows value of shipments data for industries and products. In the industry statistics tables and files, these data representthe total value of shipments of all establishments classified in a particular industry. The data include the shipments of the products classified in the industry (primary to the industry), products classified in other industries (secondary to the industry), and miscellaneous receipts (repair work, sale of scrap, research and development,installation receipts, and resales). Value of product shipments shown in the products statistics tables and files represent the total value of all products shipped that areclassified as primary to an industry regardless of the classification of the producing establishment.

C

–6 APPENDIX C MANUFACTURING U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census

# Appendix D. Geographic Notes

Not applicable for this report.

APPENDIX D D–1 1997 ECONOMIC CENSUS U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census

# Appendix E. Metropolitan Areas

Not applicable for this report.

APPENDIX E E–1 1997 ECONOMIC CENSUS U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic CensusEC97M31S-CR1997 Concentration Ratios in Manufacturing1997 Economic CensusManufacturingSubject SeriesUSCENSUSBUREAU