UN PUBLISHED

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT

No. 23

- 1595

TOMMY WHITE

,

Plaintiff

- Appellee

,

and

AARON GOINES; ALICIA ADAMS; AMANDA ALCOCK; AMANDA GROOMS; ANDREA SELLS; ANDREW JOHNSON; ANESHA MCGLOCKING;
ANGELO CUMMINGS; ANNA SHAW; ANNETTE RIDGEWAY; ANTHONY AMES; ANTHONY ROSADO; ANTHONY STURDIVANT; ANTOINETTE JACKSON; APRIL ALLEN; AREEBA LILES; AVI WILLIAMS; BENJAMIN WHERRY; BETTY MAKARIMI; BRADLEY CALDWELL; BRIDGET CLARK; BRIELLE COWAN; BRITTANY CALLAHAN; BRITTA NY MASON; BRITTANY WILLIAMS; BRITTNEY OLIPHANT; CANDICE PERKINS; CAROLYN WALLACE; CARRIE EDWARDS; CASANDRA MILLER; CASSANDRA BROOKS; CASSANDRA GAINES; CEDRIC MOSES; CHARITA
O ’ NEAL; CHARLENE HARRIS; CHARMAINE REID; CHARMAINE WILSON; CHERICIA STALLWORTH; CHI MAOBI MADUBUIKE; CHRISTINA SMITH; CHRISTOPHER BASS; COREY MCDUFFIE; CRYSTAL OWENS; CRYSTAL RORIE; CURTIS BOYD; CYNIA ANDERSON; DAPHNE CARPENTER; DARLENE WATSON; DAVID ELLISON; DAVID GILLUM; DAVEDA HINES; DAVIE DAWKINS; DAWN GRAY; DAVID REYNOLDS; DAVIE
RICH ARDSON; DEREK COLE; DERRICK GREEN; DEPRIES HAYWOOD; DAWN HOUSETON; DESIREE JEFFREY; DIMITRI SHAW; DESMOND SMITH; DIANA SMITH; DOMAUNIA CLARK; DOMINIQUE HARRIS; DOMINICK HINSON; DION LUKER; DONZA SLADE; DONTA SYKES; DWAYNE COCKERHAM; ELAINE T. JOHNSON; ELA MANNS; DOUGLAS MCKOY; DOROTHY RANSOM; EDNA TAYLOR; ERICA TURNER; EDWARD WILSON; HOLLY BOSTIC; GLORIA CALHOUN; FRANCES GADDY; GLENDA GIBSON; HAZEL GILLIAM; GLORIA HARDY; FRANCES HOPKINS; ETHEL JENKINS; INDIA LEAK; GARY MALLOY; GREGORY NICHOLSON; FRANK QUICK ; GREGORY SLOAN; HOWARD J. WELCH; JAMES BRADSHAW; LINDA BRADSHAW; JADA EASTERLING; JAMES JACKSON; JAMORRIS SINGLETON; JAMES WILSON, JR.; JEFF USCA4 Appeal: 23-1601 Doc: 22 Filed: 05/01/2024 Pg: 1 of 392 BLACKWELL; JEREMY BRADSHAW; JARRAD COXE; JENNIFER HICKS; JENNIE JONES GREEN; JERMALE KEYS; JASON LANE; JAN LYNCH; JAVON MACK; JASMINE MAYHEM; JEANETTE MORGAN; JENNIFER SERGEANT; JESSICA STEWART; JENNIFER TAYLOR; JASON TILLEY; JENELLE TOLER; JONATHAN BENNET T; JOSEPH DIXON; JOZELLE GARBER; JEFFREY HANKINS; JOHNNY HARDISON; JOHN JOHNSON; KALISA JOHNSON; KAJUANE RORIE; JONATHAN SHIPMAN; JOCELYN STINSON; KATHY BRATTON

- HARBISON; KATRINA CAMPBELL; KELLY EDWARDS; KATHERINE GARCIA; KEVIN HORTON; KALISA JONSON;
KATHE RINE MCDONALD; KEVIN LAMAR SMITH; KELLY WALL; KIESHA LEARY; KRYSTAL MCCREE; KIMBERLY MORROW; LAQUITTA OUTLAW; LAKEESHA REDD; LATONIA BOYD; LASHALL BURNS; LESLIE FONVILLE; LAUREN GRIMSLEY; LATISA HAIRE; LATONYA HILDERBRAND; LASHAURA HUDSON; LAWANDA LEARY; L ESLIE MCSWAIN; LENNIE MOORE; LATEESHA MUNGIN; LASHONDA RICHARDS; LEKITTA ROBINSON; LINITA BLAKENEY; LINDSAY CURRIE; LETITA FRONE MILLER; LETITA GRANT; LINDA HEDRICK; MARILYN BLACKWELL; MARSHELL BOYKIN; MARLON BROWN; MARTHA CALDWELL; MARILYN DOSS; MARIA CEL ESTE GAUSE; MARSHA LEATH; LISA LEWIS; MARVA PRINCE; LUCY ROGERS; LINQUEAL ROUNDS; MARCUS SPELLMAN; MARQUITA TAYLOR; MACEO TURNER; MARGIE WEAVIL; LORRAINE SLIGH; MELISSA HOLDER; MARY MCBRIDE; MELISSAH SCALES; MARY WOOD; MONICA ALEXANDER; MICHAEL FOSTER, JR. ; MICHAEL JENKINS; MICHAEL JONES; MICHAEL KEE; MICHELLE KEELING; MARICA NELSON; PAMELA BULLS; NATASHA DAVIS; NAIMAH JONES; NELLIE KNOTTS; NEKA SWANN; NICOLE THOMAS; PERRY BOSTIC; PATRICK CANTEY; PERRY CUTHRELL, JR.; PAMELA MCINNIS; PAULETTE SHANNON; PAMELA WORTHY; PHILLIP BROWN; RALPH CHILDRESS; PRINCE CHISHOLM; PHILLIP GREEN; RAVEN WILMAR HOOKER; RASHAD PETTIFORD; RACHEL ROLLINS; RANDY TERRY; PRINCE TROLLINGER; PRISCILLA YOUNGER; RICKEY ADAMS; REGINALD BROWN; REMEKA BRYANT; RITA CERNA; RICHARD DELAIN; ROBE RT GONZALES; RAYFORD KIMBLE; REGGIE SMITH; ROBERT TILLMAN; SAMANTHA ALLEN; SANDELL BLACKWELL; SANDRA CARMON; RODNEY COBIA; SANDRA DARRISAW; SARAH DOUGLAS; RODNEY EASTERLING; SABRINA ELLIOT; ROGER HAMLETT; RODNEY HICKMAN; SAMANTHA MOUZON; SHANNON THOMAS; SH AMICA WALL; ROMAN WATROUS; TAMERA DAVIS; STANLEY EWINGS; SHELDON JOHNSON; SHONDA JONES; STEPHANIE JONES; TALISHA LOWERY; TAMECIA MCKINNON; SHENITA MELTON; TAHEIM RAGLAND; TAKEALLA ROBINSON; TEWLEE BOONE; TERESKA CHRISP; TERRY COE; TERESA DIXON; TONY FUNDER BURK; TARI HARRIS; DAMION JOHNSON; TIFFANY MATTHEWS; TIKEISH USCA4 Appeal: 23-1601 Doc: 22 Filed: 05/01/2024 Pg: 2 of 393 MCNEILL; TERRAYA ROYSTER; TEALA STANTON; TRESHAUN WARREN; TONYA WOODS; WANDA EVANS; VINCENT HAIRSTON; WALTER MACKEY; WANDA MCKOY; VALERIE MCLAUGHLIN; WHITLEY TEASTER; YATERIA THOMAS; WILLIE BRADFIELD; WILLIAM BUNCH; WILLIAM GIBSON; WILLIAM PEARSALL; WILLIE THOMAS; WILLIE WARREN; WILLIE WILKERSON

,

Plaintiffs,

v.

TITLEMAX OF VIRGINIA, INC.; TITLEMAX OF SOUTH CAROLINA, INC.

,

Defendants

- Appellants,

and

TMX FINANCE OF VIRGINIA, INC.

,

Defendant

.

No. 23

- 1599

MARGIE WEAVIL

,

Plaintiff

- Appellee

,

and

AARON GOINES; ALICIA ADAMS; AMANDA ALCOCK; AMANDA GROOMS; ANDREA SELLS; ANDREW JOHNSON; ANESHA MCGLOCKING; ANGELO CUMMINGS; ANNA SHAW; ANNETTE RIDGEWAY; ANTHONY AMES; ANTHONY ROSADO; ANTHONY STURDIVANT; ANTOINETTE JACKSON; APRIL ALLEN; AREEBA LILES; AVI WILLIAMS; BENJAMIN
WHER RY; BETTY MAKARIMI; BRADLEY CALDWELL; BRIDGET CLARK; BRIELLE COWAN; BRITTANY CALLAHAN; BRITTANY MASON; BRITTANY WILLIAMS; BRITTNEY OLIPHANT; CANDICE PERKINS; CAROLYN WALLACE; CARRIE EDWARDS; CASANDRA MILLER; CASSANDRA BROOKS; CASSANDRA GAINES; CEDRIC MOSES ; CHARITA
O ’ NEAL; CHARLENE HARRIS; CHARMAINE REID; CHARMAINE WILSON; USCA4 Appeal: 23-1601 Doc: 22 Filed: 05/01/2024 Pg: 3 of 394 CHERICIA STALLWORTH; CHIMAOBI MADUBUIKE; CHRISTINA SMITH; CHRISTOPHER BASS; COREY MCDUFFIE; CRYSTAL OWENS; CRYSTAL RORIE; CURTIS BOYD; CYNIA ANDERSON; DAPHNE CARPENTER; DARLENE WATSON; DAVID ELLISON; DAVID GILLUM; DAVEDA HINES; DAVIE DAWKINS; DAWN GRAY; DA VID REYNOLDS; DAVIE RICHARDSON; DEREK COLE; DERRICK GREEN; DEPRIES HAYWOOD; DAWN HOUSETON; DESIREE JEFFREY; DIMITRI SHAW; DESMOND SMITH; DIANA SMITH; DOMAUNIA CLARK; DOMINIQUE HARRIS; DOMINICK HINSON; DION LUKER; DONZA SLADE; DONTA SYKES; DWAYNE COCKERHAM; ELAINE T. JOHNSON; ELA MANNS; DOUGLAS MCKOY; DOROTHY RANSOM; EDNA TAYLOR; ERICA TURNER; EDWARD WILSON; HOLLY BOSTIC; GLORIA CALHOUN; FRANCES GADDY; GLENDA GIBSON; HAZEL GILLIAM; GLORIA HARDY; FRANCES HOPKINS; ETHEL JENKINS; INDIA LEAK; GARY MALLOY; GREGOR Y NICHOLSON; FRANK QUICK; GREGORY SLOAN; HOWARD J. WELCH; JAMES BRADSHAW; LINDA BRADSHAW; JADA EASTERLING; JAMES JACKSON; JAMORRIS SINGLETON; JAMES WILSON, JR.; JEFF BLACKWELL; JEREMY BRADSHAW; JARRAD COXE; JENNIFER HICKS; JENNIE JONES GREEN; JERMALE KEYS; JASON LANE; JAN LYNCH; JAVON MACK; JASMINE MAYHEM; JEANETTE MORGAN; JENNIFER SERGEANT; JESSICA STEWART; JENNIFER TAYLOR; JASON TILLEY; JENELLE TOLER; JONATHAN BENNETT; JOSEPH DIXON; JOZELLE GARBER; JEFFREY HANKINS; JOHNNY HARDISON; JOHN JOHNSON;
KALISA JO HNSON; KAJUANE RORIE; JONATHAN SHIPMAN; JOCELYN STINSON; KATHY BRATTON

- HARBISON; KATRINA CAMPBELL; KELLY EDWARDS; KATHERINE GARCIA; KEVIN HORTON; KALISA JONSON; KATHERINE MCDONALD; KEVIN LAMAR SMITH; KELLY WALL; KIESHA LEARY; KRYSTAL MCCREE; KIMBERLY MORRO W; LAQUITTA OUTLAW; LAKEESHA REDD; LATONIA BOYD; LASHALL BURNS; LESLIE FONVILLE; LAUREN GRIMSLEY; LATISA HAIRE; LATONYA HILDERBRAND; LASHAURA HUDSON; LAWANDA LEARY; LESLIE MCSWAIN; LENNIE MOORE; LATEESHA MUNGIN; LASHONDA RICHARDS; LEKITTA ROBINSON; LINITA BLAKENEY; LINDSAY CURRIE; LETITA FRONE MILLER; LETITA GRANT; LINDA HEDRICK; MARILYN BLACKWELL; MARSHELL BOYKIN; MARLON BROWN; MARTHA CALDWELL; MARILYN DOSS; MARIA CELESTE GAUSE; MARSHA LEATH; LISA LEWIS; MARVA PRINCE; LUCY ROGERS; LINQUEAL ROUNDS; MARCUS S PELLMAN; MARQUITA TAYLOR; MACEO TURNER; LORRAINE SLIGH; MELISSA HOLDER; MARY MCBRIDE; MELISSAH SCALES; MARY WOOD; MONICA ALEXANDER; MICHAEL FOSTER, JR.; MICHAEL JENKINS; MICHAEL JONES; MICHAEL KEE; MICHELLE KEELING; MARICA NELSON; PAMELA BULLS; NATASHA DAV IS; NAIMAH JONES; NELLIE KNOTTS; NEKA SWANN; NICOLE THOMAS; USCA4 Appeal: 23-1601 Doc: 22 Filed: 05/01/2024 Pg: 4 of 395 PERRY BOSTIC; PATRICK CANTEY; PERRY CUTHRELL, JR.; PAMELA MCINNIS; PAULETTE SHANNON; PAMELA WORTHY; PHILLIP BROWN; RALPH CHILDRESS; PRINCE CHISHOLM; PHILLIP GREEN; RAVEN WILMAR HOOKER; RASHAD PETTIFORD; RACHEL ROLLINS; RANDY TERRY; PRINCE TROLLINGER; PRISC ILLA YOUNGER; RICKEY ADAMS; REGINALD BROWN; REMEKA BRYANT; RITA CERNA; RICHARD DELAIN; ROBERT GONZALES; RAYFORD KIMBLE; REGGIE SMITH; ROBERT TILLMAN; SAMANTHA ALLEN; SANDELL BLACKWELL; SANDRA CARMON; RODNEY COBIA; SANDRA DARRISAW; SARAH DOUGLAS;
RODNEY EAS TERLING; SABRINA ELLIOT; ROGER HAMLETT; RODNEY HICKMAN; SAMANTHA MOUZON; SHANNON THOMAS; SHAMICA WALL; ROMAN WATROUS; TAMERA DAVIS; STANLEY EWINGS; SHELDON JOHNSON; SHONDA JONES; STEPHANIE JONES; TALISHA LOWERY; TAMECIA MCKINNON; SHENITA MELTON; TAHEIM
RAG LAND; TAKEALLA ROBINSON; TEWLEE BOONE; TERESKA CHRISP; TERRY COE; TERESA DIXON; TONY FUNDERBURK; TARI HARRIS; DAMION JOHNSON; TIFFANY MATTHEWS; TIKEISH MCNEILL; TERRAYA ROYSTER; TEALA STANTON; TRESHAUN WARREN; TOMMY WHITE; TONYA WOODS; WANDA EVANS; VINCENT HAIRSTON; WALTER MACKEY; WANDA MCKOY; VALERIE MCLAUGHLIN; WHITLEY TEASTER; YATERIA THOMAS; WILLIE BRADFIELD; WILLIAM BUNCH; WILLIAM GIBSON; WILLIAM PEARSALL; WILLIE THOMAS; WILLIE WARREN; WILLIE WILKERSON

,

Plaintiffs,

v.

TITLEMAX OF VIRGINIA, INC.; TITLEMAX OF SOUTH CAROLINA, INC.

,

Defendants

- Appellants

,

and

TMX FINANCE OF VIRGINIA, INC.

,

Defendant

.

No. 23

- 1600 USCA4 Appeal: 23-1601 Doc: 22 Filed: 05/01/2024 Pg: 5 of 396 STEPHANIE JONES

,

Plaintiff

- Appellee

,

and

AARON GOINES; ALICIA ADAMS; AMANDA ALCOCK; AMANDA GROOMS; ANDREA SELLS; ANDREW JOHNSON; ANESHA MCGLOCKING; ANGELO CUMMINGS; ANNA SHAW; ANNETTE RIDGEWAY; ANTHONY AMES; ANTHONY ROSADO; ANTHONY STURDIVANT; ANTOINETTE JACKSON; APRIL ALLEN; AREEBA LILES; AVI WI LLIAMS; BENJAMIN WHERRY; BETTY MAKARIMI; BRADLEY CALDWELL; BRIDGET CLARK; BRIELLE COWAN; BRITTANY CALLAHAN; BRITTANY MASON; BRITTANY WILLIAMS; BRITTNEY OLIPHANT; CANDICE PERKINS; CAROLYN WALLACE; CARRIE EDWARDS; CASANDRA MILLER; CASSANDRA BROOKS; CASSANDRA GAINES; CEDRIC MOSES; CHARITA
O ’ NEAL; CHARLENE HARRIS; CHARMAINE REID; CHARMAINE WILSON; CHERICIA STALLWORTH; CHIMAOBI MADUBUIKE; CHRISTINA SMITH; CHRISTOPHER BASS; COREY MCDUFFIE; CRYSTAL OWENS; CRYSTAL RORIE; CURTIS BOYD; CYNIA ANDERSON; DAPHNE CARPENTER; DARLENE WATSON; DAVID ELLISON; DAVID GILLUM; DAVEDA HINES; DAVIE DAWKINS; DAWN GRAY; DAVID REYNOLDS; DAVIE RICHARDSON; DEREK COLE; DERRICK GREEN; DEPRIES HAYWOOD; DAWN HOUSETON; DESIREE JEFFREY; DIMITRI SHAW; DESMOND SMITH; DIANA SMITH; DOMAUNIA CLARK; DOMINIQUE HARRIS; DOMINICK HINSON; DION LUKER; DONZA SLADE; DONTA SYKES; DWAYNE COCKERHAM; ELAINE T. JOHNSON; ELA MANNS; DOUGLAS MCKOY; DOROTHY RANSOM; EDNA TAYLOR; ERICA TURNER; EDWARD WILSON; HOLLY BOSTIC; GLORIA CALHOUN; FRANCES GADDY; GLENDA GIBSON; HA ZEL GILLIAM; GLORIA HARDY; FRANCES HOPKINS; ETHEL JENKINS; INDIA LEAK; GARY MALLOY; GREGORY NICHOLSON; FRANK QUICK; GREGORY SLOAN; HOWARD J. WELCH; JAMES BRADSHAW; LINDA BRADSHAW; JADA EASTERLING; JAMES JACKSON; JAMORRIS SINGLETON; JAMES WILSON, JR.; JEFF BLACKWELL; JEREMY BRADSHAW; JARRAD COXE; JENNIFER HICKS; JENNIE JONES GREEN; JERMALE KEYS; JASON LANE; JAN LYNCH; JAVON MACK; JASMINE MAYHEM; JEANETTE MORGAN; JENNIFER SERGEANT; JESSICA STEWART; JENNIFER TAYLOR; JASON TILLEY; JENELLE TOLER; JONATHAN BENNET T; JOSEPH DIXON; JOZELLE GARBER; JEFFREY HANKINS; JOHNNY HARDISON; JOHN JOHNSON; KALISA JOHNSON; KAJUANE RORIE; JONATHAN SHIPMAN; JOCELYN STINSON; KATHY BRATTON

- HARBISON; KATRINA CAMPBELL; KELLY EDWARDS; KATHERINE GARCIA; KEVIN HORTON; KALISA JONSON; USCA4 Appeal: 23-1601 Doc: 22 Filed: 05/01/2024 Pg: 6 of 397 KATHERINE MCDONALD; KEVIN LAMAR SMITH; KELLY WALL; KIESHA LEARY; KRYSTAL MCCREE; KIMBERLY MORROW; LAQUITTA OUTLAW; LAKEESHA REDD; LATONIA BOYD; LASHALL BURNS; LESLIE FONVILLE; LAUREN GRIMSLEY; LATISA HAIRE; LATONYA HILDERBRAND; LASHAURA HUDSON; LAWANDA LEA RY; LESLIE MCSWAIN; LENNIE MOORE; LATEESHA MUNGIN; LASHONDA RICHARDS; LEKITTA ROBINSON; LINITA BLAKENEY; LINDSAY CURRIE; LETITA FRONE MILLER; LETITA GRANT; LINDA HEDRICK; MARILYN BLACKWELL; MARSHELL BOYKIN; MARLON BROWN; MARTHA CALDWELL; MARILYN DOSS; MARI A CELESTE GAUSE; MARSHA LEATH; LISA LEWIS; MARVA PRINCE; LUCY ROGERS; LINQUEAL ROUNDS; MARCUS SPELLMAN; MARQUITA TAYLOR; MACEO TURNER; MARGIE WEAVIL; LORRAINE SLIGH; MELISSA HOLDER; MARY MCBRIDE; MELISSAH SCALES; MARY WOOD; MONICA ALEXANDER;
MICHAEL FOSTER , JR.; MICHAEL JENKINS; MICHAEL JONES; MICHAEL KEE; MICHELLE KEELING; MARICA NELSON; PAMELA BULLS; NATASHA DAVIS; NAIMAH JONES; NELLIE KNOTTS; NEKA SWANN; NICOLE THOMAS; PERRY BOSTIC; PATRICK CANTEY; PERRY CUTHRELL, JR.; PAMELA MCINNIS; PAULETTE SHANNON; P AMELA WORTHY; PHILLIP BROWN; RALPH CHILDRESS; PRINCE CHISHOLM; PHILLIP GREEN; RAVEN WILMAR HOOKER; RASHAD PETTIFORD; RACHEL ROLLINS; RANDY TERRY; PRINCE TROLLINGER; PRISCILLA YOUNGER; RICKEY ADAMS; REGINALD BROWN; REMEKA BRYANT; RITA CERNA; RICHARD DELAIN; ROBERT GONZALES; RAYFORD KIMBLE; REGGIE SMITH; ROBERT TILLMAN; SAMANTHA ALLEN; SANDELL BLACKWELL; SANDRA CARMON; RODNEY COBIA; SANDRA DARRISAW; SARAH DOUGLAS; RODNEY EASTERLING; SABRINA ELLIOT; ROGER HAMLETT; RODNEY HICKMAN; SAMANTHA MOUZON;
SHANNON THOMA S; SHAMICA WALL; ROMAN WATROUS; TAMERA DAVIS; STANLEY EWINGS; SHELDON JOHNSON; SHONDA JONES; TALISHA LOWERY; TAMECIA MCKINNON; SHENITA MELTON; TAHEIM RAGLAND; TAKEALLA ROBINSON; TEWLEE BOONE; TERESKA CHRISP; TERRY COE; TERESA DIXON; TONY FUNDERBURK; TARI H ARRIS; DAMION JOHNSON; TIFFANY MATTHEWS; TIKEISH MCNEILL; TERRAYA ROYSTER; TEALA STANTON; TRESHAUN WARREN; TOMMY WHITE; TONYA WOODS; WANDA EVANS; VINCENT HAIRSTON; WALTER MACKEY; WANDA MCKOY; VALERIE MCLAUGHLIN; WHITLEY TEASTER; YATERIA THOMAS; WILLIE BRAD FIELD; WILLIAM BUNCH; WILLIAM GIBSON; WILLIAM PEARSALL; WILLIE THOMAS; WILLIE WARREN; WILLIE WILKERSON

,

Plaintiffs, USCA4 Appeal: 23-1601 Doc: 22 Filed: 05/01/2024 Pg: 7 of 398 v.

TITLEMAX OF VIRGINIA, INC.; TITLEMAX OF SOUTH CAROLINA, INC.

,

Defendants

- Appellants

,

and

TMX FINANCE OF VIRGINIA, INC.

,

Defendant

.

No. 23

- 1601

LORRAINE SLIGH

,

Plaintiff

- Appellee

,

and

AARON GOINES; ALICIA ADAMS; AMANDA ALCOCK; AMANDA GROOMS; ANDREA SELLS; ANDREW JOHNSON; ANESHA MCGLOCKING; ANGELO CUMMINGS; ANNA SHAW; ANNETTE RIDGEWAY; ANTHONY AMES; ANTHONY ROSADO; ANTHONY STURDIVANT; ANTOINETTE JACKSON; APRIL ALLEN; AREEBA LILES; AVI WILLIAMS; BENJAMIN WHERRY; BETTY MAKARIMI; BRADLEY CALDWELL; BRIDGET CLARK; BRIELLE COWAN; BRITTA NY CALLAHAN; BRITTANY MASON; BRITTANY WILLIAMS; BRITTNEY OLIPHANT; CANDICE PERKINS; CAROLYN WALLACE; CARRIE EDWARDS; CASANDRA MILLER; CASSANDRA BROOKS; CASSANDRA GAINES; CEDRIC MOSES; CHARITA
O ’ NEAL; CHARLENE HARRIS; CHARMAINE REID; CHARMAINE WILSON;
CHERI CIA STALLWORTH; CHIMAOBI MADUBUIKE; CHRISTINA SMITH; CHRISTOPHER BASS; COREY MCDUFFIE; CRYSTAL OWENS; CRYSTAL RORIE; CURTIS BOYD; CYNIA ANDERSON; DAPHNE CARPENTER; DARLENE WATSON; DAVID ELLISON; DAVID GILLUM; DAVEDA HINES; DAVIE DAWKINS; DAWN GRAY; DAVID R EYNOLDS; DAVIE RICHARDSON; DEREK COLE; DERRICK GREEN; DEPRIES HAYWOOD; DAWN HOUSETON; DESIREE JEFFREY; DIMITRI SHAW; DESMOND SMITH; DIANA SMITH; DOMAUNIA CLARK; DOMINIQUE HARRIS; DOMINICK HINSON; DION LUKER; DONZA SLADE; DONTA SYKES; USCA4 Appeal: 23-1601 Doc: 22 Filed: 05/01/2024 Pg: 8 of 399 DWAYNE COCKERHAM; ELAINE T. JOHNSON; ELA MANNS; DOUGLAS MCKOY; DOROTHY RANSOM; EDNA TAYLOR; ERICA TURNER; EDWARD WILSON; HOLLY BOSTIC; GLORIA CALHOUN; FRANCES GADDY; GLENDA GIBSON; HAZEL GILLIAM; GLORIA HARDY; FRANCES HOPKINS; ETHEL JENKINS; INDIA LEAK; GA RY MALLOY; GREGORY NICHOLSON; FRANK QUICK; GREGORY SLOAN; HOWARD J. WELCH; JAMES BRADSHAW; LINDA BRADSHAW; JADA EASTERLING; JAMES JACKSON; JAMORRIS SINGLETON; JAMES WILSON, JR.; JEFF BLACKWELL; JEREMY BRADSHAW; JARRAD COXE; JENNIFER HICKS;
JENNIE JONES GRE EN; JERMALE KEYS; JASON LANE; JAN LYNCH; JAVON MACK; JASMINE MAYHEM; JEANETTE MORGAN; JENNIFER SERGEANT; JESSICA STEWART; JENNIFER TAYLOR; JASON TILLEY; JENELLE TOLER; JONATHAN BENNETT; JOSEPH DIXON; JOZELLE GARBER; JEFFREY HANKINS; JOHNNY HARDISON; JOHN J OHNSON; KALISA JOHNSON; KAJUANE RORIE; JONATHAN SHIPMAN; JOCELYN STINSON; KATHY BRATTON

- HARBISON; KATRINA CAMPBELL; KELLY EDWARDS; KATHERINE GARCIA; KEVIN HORTON; KALISA JONSON; KATHERINE MCDONALD; KEVIN LAMAR SMITH; KELLY WALL; KIESHA LEARY; KRYSTAL MCCRE E; KIMBERLY MORROW; LAQUITTA OUTLAW; LAKEESHA REDD; LATONIA BOYD; LASHALL BURNS; LESLIE FONVILLE; LAUREN GRIMSLEY; LATISA HAIRE; LATONYA HILDERBRAND; LASHAURA HUDSON; LAWANDA LEARY; LESLIE MCSWAIN; LENNIE MOORE; LATEESHA MUNGIN; LASHONDA RICHARDS; LEKITTA ROBINSON; LINITA BLAKENEY; LINDSAY CURRIE; LETITA FRONE MILLER; LETITA GRANT; LINDA HEDRICK; MARILYN BLACKWELL; MARSHELL BOYKIN; MARLON BROWN; MARTHA CALDWELL; MARILYN DOSS; MARIA CELESTE GAUSE; MARSHA LEATH; LISA LEWIS; MARVA PRINCE; LUCY ROGERS; LINQUEAL ROUNDS; MARCUS SPELLMAN; MARQUITA TAYLOR; MACEO TURNER; MARGIE WEAVIL; MELISSA HOLDER; MARY MCBRIDE; MELISSAH SCALES; MARY WOOD; MONICA ALEXANDER; MICHAEL FOSTER, JR.; MICHAEL JENKINS; MICHAEL JONES; MICHAEL KEE; MICHELLE KEELING; MARICA NELSON; PAMELA BU LLS; NATASHA DAVIS; NAIMAH JONES; NELLIE KNOTTS; NEKA SWANN; NICOLE THOMAS; PERRY BOSTIC; PATRICK CANTEY; PERRY CUTHRELL, JR.; PAMELA MCINNIS; PAULETTE SHANNON; PAMELA WORTHY; PHILLIP BROWN; RALPH CHILDRESS; PRINCE CHISHOLM; PHILLIP GREEN; RAVEN
WILMAR HOO KER; RASHAD PETTIFORD; RACHEL ROLLINS; RANDY TERRY; PRINCE TROLLINGER; PRISCILLA YOUNGER; RICKEY ADAMS; REGINALD BROWN; REMEKA BRYANT; RITA CERNA; RICHARD DELAIN; ROBERT GONZALES; RAYFORD KIMBLE; REGGIE SMITH; ROBERT TILLMAN; SAMANTHA ALLEN; SANDELL BLACKW ELL; SANDRA CARMON; RODNEY COBIA; SANDRA DARRISAW; SARAH DOUGLAS; USCA4 Appeal: 23-1601 Doc: 22 Filed: 05/01/2024 Pg: 9 of 3910 RODNEY EASTERLING; SABRINA ELLIOT; ROGER HAMLETT; RODNEY HICKMAN; SAMANTHA MOUZON; SHANNON THOMAS; SHAMICA WALL; ROMAN WATROUS; TAMERA DAVIS; STANLEY EWINGS; SHELDON JOHNSON; SHONDA JONES; STEPHANIE JONES; TALISHA LOWERY; TAMECIA MCKINNON; SHENITA MELTON; TAHEIM RAGLAND; TAKEALLA ROBINSON; TEWLEE BOONE; TERESKA CHRISP; TERRY COE; TERESA DIXON; TONY FUNDERBURK; TARI HARRIS; DAMION JOHNSON; TIFFANY MATTHEWS; TIKEISH MCNEILL; TERRAYA ROYSTER; TEALA STANTON; TRESHAUN WARREN; TOMMY WHITE; TONYA WOODS; WANDA EVAN S; VINCENT HAIRSTON; WALTER MACKEY; WANDA MCKOY; VALERIE MCLAUGHLIN; WHITLEY TEASTER; YATERIA THOMAS; WILLIE BRADFIELD; WILLIAM BUNCH; WILLIAM GIBSON; WILLIAM PEARSALL; WILLIE THOMAS; WILLIE WARREN; WILLIE WILKERSON

,

Plaintiffs,

v.

TITLEMAX OF VIRGINIA, INC.; TITLEMAX OF SOUTH CAROLINA, INC.

,

Defendants

- Appellants

,

and

TMX FINANCE OF VIRGINIA, INC.

,

Defendant

.

No. 23

- 1603

MICHELLE KEELING

,

Plaintiff

- Appellee

,

and

AARON GOINES; ALICIA ADAMS; AMANDA ALCOCK; AMANDA GROOMS; ANDREA SELLS; ANDREW JOHNSON; ANESHA MCGLOCKING; ANGELO CUMMINGS; ANNA SHAW; ANNETTE RIDGEWAY; ANTHONY USCA4 Appeal: 23-1601 Doc: 22 Filed: 05/01/2024 Pg: 10 of 3911 AMES; ANTHONY ROSADO; ANTHONY STURDIVANT; ANTOINETTE JACKSON; APRIL ALLEN; AREEBA LILES; AVI WILLIAMS; BENJAMIN WHERRY; BETTY MAKARIMI; BRADLEY CALDWELL; BRIDGET CLARK; BRIELLE COWAN; BRITTANY CALLAHAN; BRITTANY MASON; BRITTANY WILLIAMS; BRITTNEY OLIPHANT; CANDICE PERKINS; CAROLYN WALLACE; CARRIE EDWARDS; CASANDRA MILLER; CASSANDRA BROOKS; CASSANDRA GAINES; CEDRIC MOSES; CHARITA
O ’ NEAL; CHARLENE HARRIS; CHARMAINE REID; CHARMAINE WILSON; CHERICIA STALLWORTH; CHIMAOBI MADUBUIKE; CHRISTINA SMITH;
CHRISTOPHER B ASS; COREY MCDUFFIE; CRYSTAL OWENS; CRYSTAL RORIE; CURTIS BOYD; CYNIA ANDERSON; DAPHNE CARPENTER; DARLENE WATSON; DAVID ELLISON; DAVID GILLUM; DAVEDA HINES; DAVIE DAWKINS; DAWN GRAY; DAVID REYNOLDS; DAVIE RICHARDSON; DEREK COLE; DERRICK GREEN; DEPRIES HAYW OOD; DAWN HOUSETON; DESIREE JEFFREY; DIMITRI SHAW; DESMOND SMITH; DIANA SMITH; DOMAUNIA CLARK; DOMINIQUE HARRIS; DOMINICK HINSON; DION LUKER; DONZA SLADE; DONTA SYKES; DWAYNE COCKERHAM; ELAINE T. JOHNSON; ELA MANNS; DOUGLAS MCKOY; DOROTHY RANSOM; EDNA TAYL OR; ERICA TURNER; EDWARD WILSON; HOLLY BOSTIC; GLORIA CALHOUN; FRANCES GADDY; GLENDA GIBSON; HAZEL GILLIAM; GLORIA HARDY; FRANCES HOPKINS; ETHEL JENKINS; INDIA LEAK; GARY MALLOY; GREGORY NICHOLSON; FRANK QUICK; GREGORY SLOAN; HOWARD J. WELCH;
JAMES BRADSHA W; LINDA BRADSHAW; JADA EASTERLING; JAMES JACKSON; JAMORRIS SINGLETON; JAMES WILSON, JR.; JEFF BLACKWELL; JEREMY BRADSHAW; JARRAD COXE; JENNIFER HICKS; JENNIE JONES GREEN; JERMALE KEYS; JASON LANE; JAN LYNCH; JAVON MACK; JASMINE MAYHEM; JEANETTE MORGAN; JE NNIFER SERGEANT; JESSICA STEWART; JENNIFER TAYLOR; JASON TILLEY; JENELLE TOLER; JONATHAN BENNETT; JOSEPH DIXON; JOZELLE GARBER; JEFFREY HANKINS; JOHNNY HARDISON; JOHN JOHNSON; KALISA JOHNSON; KAJUANE RORIE; JONATHAN SHIPMAN; JOCELYN STINSON; KATHY BRATTON

- HARBISON; KATRINA CAMPBELL; KELLY EDWARDS; KATHERINE GARCIA; KEVIN HORTON; KALISA JONSON; KATHERINE MCDONALD; KEVIN LAMAR SMITH; KELLY WALL; KIESHA LEARY; KRYSTAL MCCREE; KIMBERLY MORROW; LAQUITTA OUTLAW; LAKEESHA REDD; LATONIA BOYD; LASHALL BURNS; LESLIE FONVILLE; LAUREN GRIMSLEY; LATISA HAIRE; LATONYA HILDERBRAND; LASHAURA HUDSON; LAWANDA LEARY; LESLIE MCSWAIN; LENNIE MOORE; LATEESHA MUNGIN; LASHONDA RICHARDS; LEKITTA ROBINSON; LINITA BLAKENEY; LINDSAY CURRIE; LETITA FRONE MILLER; LETITA GRANT; LINDA HEDR ICK; MARILYN BLACKWELL; MARSHELL BOYKIN; MARLON BROWN; MARTHA USCA4 Appeal: 23-1601 Doc: 22 Filed: 05/01/2024 Pg: 11 of 3912 CALDWELL; MARILYN DOSS; MARIA CELESTE GAUSE; MARSHA LEATH; LISA LEWIS; MARVA PRINCE; LUCY ROGERS; LINQUEAL ROUNDS; MARCUS SPELLMAN; MARQUITA TAYLOR; MACEO TURNER; MARGIE WEAVIL; LORRAINE SLIGH; MELISSA HOLDER; MARY MCBRIDE; MELISSAH SCALES; MARY WOOD; MONI CA ALEXANDER; MICHAEL FOSTER, JR.; MICHAEL JENKINS; MICHAEL JONES; MICHAEL KEE; MARICA NELSON; PAMELA BULLS; NATASHA DAVIS; NAIMAH JONES; NELLIE KNOTTS; NEKA SWANN; NICOLE THOMAS; PERRY BOSTIC; PATRICK CANTEY; PERRY CUTHRELL, JR.; PAMELA MCINNIS;
PAULETTE SHANNON; PAMELA WORTHY; PHILLIP BROWN; RALPH CHILDRESS; PRINCE CHISHOLM; PHILLIP GREEN; RAVEN WILMAR HOOKER; RASHAD PETTIFORD; RACHEL ROLLINS; RANDY TERRY; PRINCE TROLLINGER; PRISCILLA YOUNGER; RICKEY ADAMS; REGINALD BROWN; REMEKA BRYANT; RITA CERNA; RICHA RD DELAIN; ROBERT GONZALES; RAYFORD KIMBLE; REGGIE SMITH; ROBERT TILLMAN; SAMANTHA ALLEN; SANDELL BLACKWELL; SANDRA CARMON; RODNEY COBIA; SANDRA DARRISAW; SARAH DOUGLAS; RODNEY EASTERLING; SABRINA ELLIOT; ROGER HAMLETT; RODNEY HICKMAN; SAMANTHA MOUZON; SHA NNON THOMAS; SHAMICA WALL; ROMAN WATROUS; TAMERA DAVIS; STANLEY EWINGS; SHELDON JOHNSON; SHONDA JONES; STEPHANIE JONES; TALISHA LOWERY; TAMECIA MCKINNON; SHENITA MELTON; TAHEIM RAGLAND; TAKEALLA ROBINSON; TEWLEE BOONE; TERESKA CHRISP; TERRY COE; TERESA DIX ON; TONY FUNDERBURK; TARI HARRIS; DAMION JOHNSON; TIFFANY MATTHEWS; TIKEISH MCNEILL; TERRAYA ROYSTER; TEALA STANTON; TRESHAUN WARREN; TOMMY WHITE; TONYA WOODS; WANDA EVANS; VINCENT HAIRSTON; WALTER MACKEY; WANDA MCKOY; VALERIE MCLAUGHLIN; WHITLEY TEASTER; YATERIA THOMAS; WILLIE BRADFIELD; WILLIAM BUNCH; WILLIAM GIBSON; WILLIAM PEARSALL; WILLIE THOMAS; WILLIE WARREN; WILLIE WILKERSON

,

Plaintiffs,

v.

TITLEMAX OF VIRGINIA, INC.; TITLEMAX OF SOUTH CAROLINA, INC.

,

Defendant

- Appellants,

and

TMX FINANCE OF VIRGINIA, INC.

, USCA4 Appeal: 23-1601 Doc: 22 Filed: 05/01/2024 Pg: 12 of 3913 Defendant

.

No. 23

- 1606

MELISSA HOLDER

,

Plaintiff

- Appellee

,

and

AARON GOINES; ALICIA ADAMS; AMANDA ALCOCK; AMANDA GROOMS; ANDREA SELLS; ANDREW JOHNSON; ANESHA MCGLOCKING; ANGELO CUMMINGS; ANNA SHAW; ANNETTE RIDGEWAY; ANTHONY AMES; ANTHONY ROSADO; ANTHONY STURDIVANT; ANTOINETTE JACKSON; APRIL ALLEN; AREEBA LILES; AVI WILLIAMS; BENJAMIN WHERRY; BETTY MAKARIMI; BRADLEY CALDWELL; BRIDGET CLARK; BRIELLE COWAN; BRITTANY CALLAHAN; BRITTANY MASON; BRITTANY WILLIAMS; BRITTNEY OLIPHANT; CANDI CE PERKINS; CAROLYN WALLACE; CARRIE EDWARDS; CASANDRA MILLER; CASSANDRA BROOKS; CASSANDRA GAINES; CEDRIC MOSES; CHARITA
O ’ NEAL; CHARLENE HARRIS; CHARMAINE REID; CHARMAINE WILSON; CHERICIA STALLWORTH; CHIMAOBI MADUBUIKE; CHRISTINA SMITH; CHRISTOPHER BASS; C OREY MCDUFFIE; CRYSTAL OWENS; CRYSTAL RORIE; CURTIS BOYD; CYNIA ANDERSON; DAPHNE CARPENTER; DARLENE WATSON; DAVID ELLISON; DAVID GILLUM; DAVEDA HINES; DAVIE DAWKINS; DAWN GRAY; DAVID REYNOLDS; DAVIE RICHARDSON; DEREK COLE; DERRICK GREEN; DEPRIES HAYWOOD;

D AWN HOUSETON; DESIREE JEFFREY; DIMITRI SHAW; DESMOND SMITH; DIANA SMITH; DOMAUNIA CLARK; DOMINIQUE HARRIS; DOMINICK HINSON; DION LUKER; DONZA SLADE; DONTA SYKES; DWAYNE COCKERHAM; ELAINE T. JOHNSON; ELA MANNS; DOUGLAS MCKOY; DOROTHY RANSOM; EDNA TAYLOR; ER ICA TURNER; EDWARD WILSON; HOLLY BOSTIC; GLORIA CALHOUN; FRANCES GADDY; GLENDA GIBSON; HAZEL GILLIAM; GLORIA HARDY; FRANCES HOPKINS; ETHEL JENKINS; INDIA LEAK; GARY MALLOY; GREGORY NICHOLSON; FRANK QUICK; GREGORY SLOAN; HOWARD J. WELCH; JAMES BRADSHAW; LIN DA BRADSHAW; JADA EASTERLING; JAMES JACKSON; JAMORRIS SINGLETON; JAMES WILSON, JR.; JEFF BLACKWELL; JEREMY BRADSHAW; JARRAD COXE; JENNIFER HICKS; USCA4 Appeal: 23-1601 Doc: 22 Filed: 05/01/2024 Pg: 13 of 3914 JENNIE JONES GREEN; JERMALE KEYS; JASON LANE; JAN LYNCH; JAVON MACK; JASMINE MAYHEM; JEANETTE MORGAN; JENNIFER SERGEANT; JESSICA STEWART; JENNIFER TAYLOR; JASON TILLEY; JENELLE TOLER; JONATHAN BENNETT; JOSEPH DIXON; JOZELLE GARBER; JEFFREY HANKINS; JOHNNY HARDISON; JOHN JOHNSON; KALISA JOHNSON; KAJUANE RORIE; JONATHAN SHIPMAN; JOCELYN STINSON; KATHY BRATTON

- HARBISON; KATRINA CAMPBELL; KELLY EDWARDS; KATHERINE GARCIA; KEVIN HORTON; KALISA JONSON; KATHERINE MCDONALD; KEVIN LAMAR SMITH; KELLY WALL; KIESHA
LEARY; KRYSTAL MCCREE; KIMBERLY MORROW; LAQUITTA OUTLAW; LAKEESHA REDD; LATONIA BOYD; LASHALL BURNS; LESLIE FONVILLE; LAUREN GRIMSLEY; LATISA HAIRE; LATONYA HILDERBRAND; LASHAURA HUDSON; LAWANDA LEARY; LESLIE MCSWAIN; LENNIE MOORE; LATEESHA MUNGIN; LASHONDA

RI CHARDS; LEKITTA ROBINSON; LINITA BLAKENEY; LINDSAY CURRIE; LETITA FRONE MILLER; LETITA GRANT; LINDA HEDRICK; MARILYN BLACKWELL; MARSHELL BOYKIN; MARLON BROWN; MARTHA CALDWELL; MARILYN DOSS; MARIA CELESTE GAUSE; MARSHA LEATH; LISA LEWIS; MARVA PRINCE; LUCY ROGERS; LINQUEAL ROUNDS; MARCUS SPELLMAN; MARQUITA TAYLOR; MACEO TURNER; MARGIE WEAVIL; LORRAINE SLIGH; MARY MCBRIDE; MELISSAH SCALES; MARY WOOD; MONICA ALEXANDER; MICHAEL FOSTER, JR.; MICHAEL JENKINS; MICHAEL JONES; MICHAEL KEE; MICHELLE KEELING; MARICA N ELSON; PAMELA BULLS; NATASHA DAVIS; NAIMAH JONES; NELLIE KNOTTS; NEKA SWANN; NICOLE THOMAS; PERRY BOSTIC; PATRICK CANTEY; PERRY CUTHRELL, JR.; PAMELA MCINNIS; PAULETTE SHANNON; PAMELA WORTHY; PHILLIP BROWN; RALPH CHILDRESS; PRINCE CHISHOLM; PHILLIP GREEN; RAVEN WILMAR HOOKER; RASHAD PETTIFORD; RACHEL ROLLINS; RANDY TERRY; PRINCE TROLLINGER; PRISCILLA YOUNGER; RICKEY ADAMS; REGINALD BROWN; REMEKA BRYANT; RITA CERNA; RICHARD DELAIN; ROBERT GONZALES; RAYFORD KIMBLE; REGGIE SMITH; ROBERT TILLMAN; SAMANTHA ALLEN ; SANDELL BLACKWELL; SANDRA CARMON; RODNEY COBIA; SANDRA DARRISAW; SARAH DOUGLAS; RODNEY EASTERLING; SABRINA ELLIOT; ROGER HAMLETT; RODNEY HICKMAN; SAMANTHA MOUZON; SHANNON THOMAS; SHAMICA WALL; ROMAN WATROUS; TAMERA DAVIS; STANLEY EWINGS; SHELDON JOHNSON; SHONDA JONES; STEPHANIE JONES; TALISHA LOWERY; TAMECIA MCKINNON; SHENITA MELTON; TAHEIM RAGLAND; TAKEALLA ROBINSON; TEWLEE BOONE; TERESKA CHRISP; TERRY COE; TERESA DIXON; TONY FUNDERBURK; TARI HARRIS; DAMION JOHNSON; TIFFANY MATTHEWS; TIKEISH MCNEILL; TER RAYA ROYSTER; TEALA STANTON; TRESHAUN WARREN; TOMMY WHITE; USCA4 Appeal: 23-1601 Doc: 22 Filed: 05/01/2024 Pg: 14 of 3915 TONYA WOODS; WANDA EVANS; VINCENT HAIRSTON; WALTER MACKEY; WANDA MCKOY; VALERIE MCLAUGHLIN; WHITLEY TEASTER; YATERIA THOMAS; WILLIE BRADFIELD; WILLIAM BUNCH; WILLIAM GIBSON; WILLIAM PEARSALL; WILLIE THOMAS; WILLIE WARREN; WILLIE WILKERSON

,

Plaintiffs,

v.

TITLEMAX OF VIRGINIA, INC.; TITLEMAX OF SOUTH CAROLINA, INC.

,

Defendants

- Appellants

,

and

TMX FINANCE OF VIRGINIA, INC.

Defendant

.

No. 23

- 1609

RODNEY HICKMAN

,

Plaintiff

- Appellee

,

a nd

AARON GOINES; ALICIA ADAMS; AMANDA ALCOCK; AMANDA GROOMS; ANDREA SELLS; ANDREW JOHNSON; ANESHA MCGLOCKING; ANGELO CUMMINGS; ANNA SHAW; ANNETTE RIDGEWAY; ANTHONY AMES; ANTHONY ROSADO; ANTHONY STURDIVANT; ANTOINETTE JACKSON; APRIL ALLEN; AREEBA LILES; AVI WILLIAMS; BENJAMIN WHERRY; BETTY MAKARIMI; BRADLEY CALDWELL; BRIDGET CLARK;

BRIEL LE COWAN; BRITTANY CALLAHAN; BRITTANY MASON; BRITTANY WILLIAMS; BRITTNEY OLIPHANT; CANDICE PERKINS; CAROLYN WALLACE; CARRIE EDWARDS; CASANDRA MILLER; CASSANDRA BROOKS; CASSANDRA GAINES; CEDRIC MOSES; CHARITA
O ’ NEAL; CHARLENE HARRIS; CHARMAINE REID; CHARMAI NE WILSON; CHERICIA STALLWORTH; CHIMAOBI MADUBUIKE; CHRISTINA SMITH; USCA4 Appeal: 23-1601 Doc: 22 Filed: 05/01/2024 Pg: 15 of 3916 CHRISTOPHER BASS; COREY MCDUFFIE; CRYSTAL OWENS; CRYSTAL RORIE; CURTIS BOYD; CYNIA ANDERSON; DAPHNE CARPENTER; DARLENE WATSON; DAVID ELLISON; DAVID GILLUM; DAVEDA HINES; DAVIE DAWKINS; DAWN GRAY; DAVID REYNOLDS; DAVIE RICHARDSON; DEREK COLE; DERRICK GREEN; DEPRIES HAYWOOD; DAWN HOUSETON; DESIREE JEFFREY; DIMITRI SHAW; DESMOND SMITH; DIANA SMITH; DOMAUNIA CLARK; DOMINIQUE HARRIS; DOMINICK HINSON; DION LUKER; DONZA SLADE; DONTA SYKES; DWAYNE COCKERHAM; ELAINE T. JOHNSON; ELA MANNS; DOUGLAS MCKOY; DOROTHY RANS OM; EDNA TAYLOR; ERICA TURNER; EDWARD WILSON; HOLLY BOSTIC; GLORIA CALHOUN; FRANCES GADDY; GLENDA GIBSON; HAZEL GILLIAM; GLORIA HARDY; FRANCES HOPKINS; ETHEL JENKINS; INDIA LEAK; GARY MALLOY; GREGORY NICHOLSON; FRANK QUICK; GREGORY SLOAN; HOWARD J. WELCH; JAMES BRADSHAW; LINDA BRADSHAW; JADA EASTERLING; JAMES JACKSON; JAMORRIS SINGLETON; JAMES WILSON, JR.; JEFF BLACKWELL; JEREMY BRADSHAW; JARRAD COXE; JENNIFER HICKS; JENNIE JONES GREEN; JERMALE KEYS; JASON LANE; JAN LYNCH; JAVON MACK; JASMINE MAYHEM; JEANET TE MORGAN; JENNIFER SERGEANT; JESSICA STEWART; JENNIFER TAYLOR; JASON TILLEY; JENELLE TOLER; JONATHAN BENNETT; JOSEPH DIXON; JOZELLE GARBER; JEFFREY HANKINS; JOHNNY HARDISON; JOHN JOHNSON; KALISA JOHNSON; KAJUANE RORIE; JONATHAN SHIPMAN; JOCELYN STINSON; KATHY BRATTON

- HARBISON; KATRINA CAMPBELL; KELLY EDWARDS; KATHERINE GARCIA; KEVIN HORTON; KALISA JONSON; KATHERINE MCDONALD; KEVIN LAMAR SMITH; KELLY WALL; KIESHA LEARY; KRYSTAL MCCREE; KIMBERLY MORROW; LAQUITTA OUTLAW; LAKEESHA REDD; LATONIA BOYD; LASHALL B URNS; LESLIE FONVILLE; LAUREN GRIMSLEY; LATISA HAIRE; LATONYA HILDERBRAND; LASHAURA HUDSON; LAWANDA LEARY; LESLIE MCSWAIN; LENNIE MOORE; LATEESHA MUNGIN; LASHONDA RICHARDS; LEKITTA ROBINSON; LINITA BLAKENEY; LINDSAY CURRIE; LETITA FRONE MILLER; LETITA GRAN T; LINDA HEDRICK; MARILYN BLACKWELL; MARSHELL BOYKIN; MARLON BROWN; MARTHA CALDWELL; MARILYN DOSS; MARIA CELESTE GAUSE; MARSHA LEATH; LISA LEWIS; MARVA PRINCE; LUCY ROGERS; LINQUEAL ROUNDS; MARCUS SPELLMAN; MARQUITA TAYLOR; MACEO TURNER; MARGIE WEAVIL; LOR RAINE SLIGH; MELISSA HOLDER; MARY MCBRIDE; MELISSAH SCALES; MARY WOOD; MONICA ALEXANDER; MICHAEL FOSTER, JR.; MICHAEL JENKINS; MICHAEL JONES; MICHAEL KEE; MICHELLE KEELING; MARICA NELSON; PAMELA BULLS; NATASHA DAVIS; NAIMAH JONES; NELLIE KNOTTS; NEKA SWANN ; NICOLE THOMAS; PERRY BOSTIC; PATRICK CANTEY; PERRY USCA4 Appeal: 23-1601 Doc: 22 Filed: 05/01/2024 Pg: 16 of 3917 CUTHRELL, JR.; PAMELA MCINNIS; PAULETTE SHANNON; PAMELA WORTHY; PHILLIP BROWN; RALPH CHILDRESS; PRINCE CHISHOLM; PHILLIP GREEN; RAVEN WILMAR HOOKER; RASHAD PETTIFORD; RACHEL ROLLINS; RANDY TERRY; PRINCE TROLLINGER; PRISCILLA YOUNGER; RICKEY ADAMS; REGINALD BROWN; REMEKA BRYANT; RITA CERNA; RICHARD DELAIN; ROBERT GONZALES; RAYFORD KIMBLE; REGGIE SMITH; ROBERT TILLMAN; SAMANTHA ALLEN; SANDELL BLACKWELL; SANDRA CARMON; RODNEY COBIA; SANDRA DARRISAW; SARAH DOUGLAS; RODNEY EASTERLING; SABRINA ELLIOT; ROGER HAMLE TT; SAMANTHA MOUZON; SHANNON THOMAS; SHAMICA WALL; ROMAN WATROUS; TAMERA DAVIS; STANLEY EWINGS; SHELDON JOHNSON; SHONDA JONES; STEPHANIE JONES; TALISHA LOWERY; TAMECIA MCKINNON; SHENITA MELTON; TAHEIM RAGLAND; TAKEALLA ROBINSON; TEWLEE BOONE; TERESKA CHRIS P; TERRY COE; TERESA DIXON; TONY FUNDERBURK; TARI HARRIS; DAMION JOHNSON; TIFFANY MATTHEWS; TIKEISH MCNEILL; TERRAYA ROYSTER; TEALA STANTON; TRESHAUN WARREN; TOMMY WHITE; TONYA WOODS; WANDA EVANS; VINCENT HAIRSTON; WALTER MACKEY; WANDA MCKOY; VALERIE MCLAU GHLIN; WHITLEY TEASTER; YATERIA THOMAS; WILLIE BRADFIELD; WILLIAM BUNCH; WILLIAM GIBSON; WILLIAM PEARSALL; WILLIE THOMAS; WILLIE WARREN; WILLIE WILKERSON

,

Plaintiffs,

v.

TITLEMAX OF VIRGINIA, INC.; TITLEMAX OF SOUTH CAROLINA, INC.

,

Defendants

- Appellants

,

and

TMX FINANCE OF VIRGINIA, INC.

,

Defendant

.

No. 23

- 1610

DAWN HOUSETON

, USCA4 Appeal: 23-1601 Doc: 22 Filed: 05/01/2024 Pg: 17 of 3918 Plaintiff

- Appellee

,

and

AARON GOINES; ALICIA ADAMS; AMANDA ALCOCK; AMANDA GROOMS; ANDREA SELLS; ANDREW JOHNSON; ANESHA MCGLOCKING; ANGELO CUMMINGS; ANNA SHAW; ANNETTE RIDGEWAY; ANTHONY AMES; ANTHONY ROSADO; ANTHONY STURDIVANT; ANTOINETTE JACKSON; APRIL ALLEN; AREEBA LILES; AVI WI LLIAMS; BENJAMIN WHERRY; BETTY MAKARIMI; BRADLEY CALDWELL; BRIDGET CLARK; BRIELLE COWAN; BRITTANY CALLAHAN; BRITTANY MASON; BRITTANY WILLIAMS; BRITTNEY OLIPHANT; CANDICE PERKINS; CAROLYN WALLACE; CARRIE EDWARDS; CASANDRA MILLER; CASSANDRA BROOKS; CASSANDRA GAINES; CEDRIC MOSES; CHARITA
O ’ NEAL; CHARLENE HARRIS; CHARMAINE REID; CHARMAINE WILSON; CHERICIA STALLWORTH; CHIMAOBI MADUBUIKE; CHRISTINA SMITH; CHRISTOPHER BASS; COREY MCDUFFIE; CRYSTAL OWENS; CRYSTAL RORIE; CURTIS BOYD; CYNIA ANDERSON; DAPHNE CARPENTER; DARLENE WATSON; DAVID ELLISON; DAVID GILLUM; DAVEDA HINES; DAVIE DAWKINS; DAWN GRAY; DAVID REYNOLDS; DAVIE RICHARDSON; DEREK COLE; DERRICK GREEN; DEPRIES HAYWOOD; DESIREE JEFFREY; DIMITRI SHAW; DESMOND SMITH; DIANA SMITH; DOMAUNIA CLARK; DOMINIQUE HARRI S; DOMINICK HINSON; DION LUKER; DONZA SLADE; DONTA SYKES; DWAYNE COCKERHAM; ELAINE T. JOHNSON; ELA MANNS; DOUGLAS MCKOY; DOROTHY RANSOM; EDNA TAYLOR; ERICA TURNER; EDWARD WILSON; HOLLY BOSTIC; GLORIA CALHOUN; FRANCES GADDY; GLENDA GIBSON; HAZEL GILLIAM; GL ORIA HARDY; FRANCES HOPKINS; ETHEL JENKINS; INDIA LEAK; GARY MALLOY; GREGORY NICHOLSON; FRANK QUICK; GREGORY SLOAN; HOWARD J. WELCH; JAMES BRADSHAW; LINDA BRADSHAW; JADA EASTERLING; JAMES JACKSON; JAMORRIS SINGLETON; JAMES WILSON, JR.; JEFF BLACKWELL; JERE MY BRADSHAW; JARRAD COXE; JENNIFER HICKS; JENNIE JONES GREEN; JERMALE KEYS; JASON LANE; JAN LYNCH; JAVON MACK; JASMINE MAYHEM; JEANETTE MORGAN; JENNIFER SERGEANT; JESSICA STEWART; JENNIFER TAYLOR; JASON TILLEY; JENELLE TOLER; JONATHAN BENNETT; JOSEPH DIXON ; JOZELLE GARBER; JEFFREY HANKINS; JOHNNY HARDISON; JOHN JOHNSON; KALISA JOHNSON; KAJUANE RORIE; JONATHAN SHIPMAN; JOCELYN STINSON; KATHY
BRATTON

- HARBISON; KATRINA CAMPBELL; KELLY EDWARDS; KATHERINE GARCIA; KEVIN HORTON; KALISA JONSON; KATHERINE MCDONALD; KEVIN LAMAR SMITH; KELLY WALL; KIESHA LEARY; USCA4 Appeal: 23-1601 Doc: 22 Filed: 05/01/2024 Pg: 18 of 3919 KRYSTAL MCCREE; KIMBERLY MORROW; LAQUITTA OUTLAW; LAKEESHA REDD; LATONIA BOYD; LASHALL BURNS; LESLIE FONVILLE; LAUREN GRIMSLEY; LATISA HAIRE; LATONYA HILDERBRAND; LASHAURA HUDSON; LAWANDA LEARY; LESLIE MCSWAIN; LENNIE MOORE; LATEESHA MUNGIN; LASHONDA
RICHA RDS; LEKITTA ROBINSON; LINITA BLAKENEY; LINDSAY CURRIE; LETITA FRONE MILLER; LETITA GRANT; LINDA HEDRICK; MARILYN BLACKWELL; MARSHELL BOYKIN; MARLON BROWN; MARTHA CALDWELL; MARILYN DOSS; MARIA CELESTE GAUSE; MARSHA LEATH; LISA LEWIS; MARVA PRINCE; LUCY ROG ERS; LINQUEAL ROUNDS; MARCUS SPELLMAN; MARQUITA TAYLOR; MACEO TURNER; MARGIE WEAVIL; LORRAINE SLIGH; MELISSA HOLDER; MARY MCBRIDE; MELISSAH SCALES; MARY WOOD; MONICA ALEXANDER; MICHAEL FOSTER, JR.; MICHAEL JENKINS; MICHAEL JONES; MICHAEL KEE; MICHELLE KEEL ING; MARICA NELSON; PAMELA BULLS; NATASHA DAVIS; NAIMAH JONES; NELLIE KNOTTS; NEKA SWANN; NICOLE THOMAS; PERRY BOSTIC; PATRICK CANTEY; PERRY CUTHRELL, JR.; PAMELA MCINNIS; PAULETTE SHANNON; PAMELA WORTHY; PHILLIP BROWN; RALPH CHILDRESS; PRINCE CHISHOLM;

PH ILLIP GREEN; RAVEN WILMAR HOOKER; RASHAD PETTIFORD; RACHEL ROLLINS; RANDY TERRY; PRINCE TROLLINGER; PRISCILLA YOUNGER; RICKEY ADAMS; REGINALD BROWN; REMEKA BRYANT; RITA CERNA; RICHARD DELAIN; ROBERT GONZALES; RAYFORD KIMBLE; REGGIE SMITH; ROBERT TILLMAN; S AMANTHA ALLEN; SANDELL BLACKWELL; SANDRA CARMON; RODNEY COBIA; SANDRA DARRISAW; SARAH DOUGLAS; RODNEY EASTERLING; SABRINA ELLIOT; ROGER HAMLETT; RODNEY HICKMAN; SAMANTHA MOUZON; SHANNON THOMAS; SHAMICA WALL; ROMAN WATROUS; TAMERA DAVIS; STANLEY EWINGS; SHE LDON JOHNSON; SHONDA JONES; STEPHANIE JONES; TALISHA LOWERY; TAMECIA MCKINNON; SHENITA MELTON; TAHEIM RAGLAND; TAKEALLA ROBINSON; TEWLEE BOONE; TERESKA CHRISP; TERRY COE; TERESA DIXON; TONY FUNDERBURK; TARI HARRIS; DAMION JOHNSON; TIFFANY MATTHEWS; TIKEISH MCNEILL; TERRAYA ROYSTER; TEALA STANTON; TRESHAUN WARREN; TOMMY WHITE; TONYA WOODS; WANDA EVANS; VINCENT HAIRSTON; WALTER MACKEY; WANDA MCKOY; VALERIE MCLAUGHLIN; WHITLEY TEASTER; YATERIA THOMAS; WILLIE BRADFIELD; WILLIAM BUNCH; WILLIAM GIBSON; WILLIAM PE ARSALL; WILLIE THOMAS; WILLIE WARREN; WILLIE WILKERSON

,

Pl aintiffs

,

v. USCA4 Appeal: 23-1601 Doc: 22 Filed: 05/01/2024 Pg: 19 of 3920 TITLEMAX OF VIRGINIA, INC.; TITLEMAX OF SOUTH CAROLINA, INC.

,

Defendants

- Appellants

,

and

TMX FINANCE OF VIRGINIA, INC.

,

Defendant

.

No. 23

- 1612

TARI HARRIS

,

Plaintiff

- Appellee

,

and

AARON GOINES; ALICIA ADAMS; AMANDA ALCOCK; AMANDA GROOMS; ANDREA SELLS; ANDREW JOHNSON; ANESHA MCGLOCKING; ANGELO CUMMINGS; ANNA SHAW; ANNETTE RIDGEWAY; ANTHONY AMES; ANTHONY ROSADO; ANTHONY STURDIVANT; ANTOINETTE JACKSON; APRIL ALLEN; AREEBA LILES; AVI WILLIAMS; BENJAMIN WHERRY; BETTY MAKARIMI; BRADLEY CALDWELL; BRIDGET CLARK; BRIELLE COWAN; BRITTANY CALLAHAN; BRITTANY MASON; BRITTANY WILLIAMS; BRITTNEY OLIPHANT; CANDI CE PERKINS; CAROLYN WALLACE; CARRIE EDWARDS; CASANDRA MILLER; CASSANDRA BROOKS; CASSANDRA GAINES; CEDRIC MOSES; CHARITA
O ’ NEAL; CHARLENE HARRIS; CHARMAINE REID; CHARMAINE WILSON; CHERICIA STALLWORTH; CHIMAOBI MADUBUIKE; CHRISTINA SMITH; CHRISTOPHER BASS; C OREY MCDUFFIE; CRYSTAL OWENS; CRYSTAL RORIE; CURTIS BOYD; CYNIA ANDERSON; DAPHNE CARPENTER; DARLENE WATSON; DAVID ELLISON; DAVID GILLUM; DAVEDA HINES; DAVIE DAWKINS; DAWN GRAY; DAVID REYNOLDS; DAVIE RICHARDSON; DEREK COLE; DERRICK GREEN; DEPRIES HAYWOOD;

D AWN HOUSETON; DESIREE JEFFREY; DIMITRI SHAW; DESMOND SMITH; DIANA SMITH; DOMAUNIA CLARK; DOMINIQUE HARRIS; DOMINICK HINSON; DION LUKER; DONZA SLADE; DONTA SYKES; DWAYNE COCKERHAM; ELAINE T. JOHNSON; ELA MANNS; DOUGLAS USCA4 Appeal: 23-1601 Doc: 22 Filed: 05/01/2024 Pg: 20 of 3921 MCKOY; DOROTHY RANSOM; EDNA TAYLOR; ERICA TURNER; EDWARD WILSON; HOLLY BOSTIC; GLORIA CALHOUN; FRANCES GADDY; GLENDA GIBSON; HAZEL GILLIAM; GLORIA HARDY; FRANCES HOPKINS; ETHEL JENKINS; INDIA LEAK; GARY MALLOY; GREGORY NICHOLSON; FRANK QUICK; GREGORY SLOAN ; HOWARD J. WELCH; JAMES BRADSHAW; LINDA BRADSHAW; JADA EASTERLING; JAMES JACKSON; JAMORRIS SINGLETON; JAMES WILSON, JR.; JEFF BLACKWELL; JEREMY BRADSHAW; JARRAD COXE; JENNIFER HICKS; JENNIE JONES GREEN; JERMALE KEYS; JASON LANE; JAN LYNCH; JAVON MACK; JAS MINE MAYHEM; JEANETTE MORGAN; JENNIFER SERGEANT; JESSICA STEWART; JENNIFER TAYLOR; JASON TILLEY; JENELLE TOLER; JONATHAN BENNETT; JOSEPH DIXON; JOZELLE GARBER; JEFFREY HANKINS; JOHNNY HARDISON; JOHN JOHNSON; KALISA JOHNSON; KAJUANE RORIE; JONATHAN SHIPMAN; JOCELYN STINSON; KATHY BRATTON

- HARBISON; KATRINA CAMPBELL; KELLY EDWARDS; KATHERINE GARCIA; KEVIN HORTON; KALISA JONSON; KATHERINE MCDONALD; KEVIN LAMAR SMITH; KELLY WALL; KIESHA LEARY; KRYSTAL MCCREE; KIMBERLY MORROW; LAQUITTA OUTLAW; LAKEESHA REDD; LATO NIA BOYD; LASHALL BURNS; LESLIE FONVILLE; LAUREN GRIMSLEY; LATISA HAIRE; LATONYA HILDERBRAND; LASHAURA HUDSON; LAWANDA LEARY; LESLIE MCSWAIN; LENNIE MOORE; LATEESHA MUNGIN; LASHONDA RICHARDS; LEKITTA ROBINSON; LINITA BLAKENEY; LINDSAY CURRIE;
LETITA FRONE MILLER; LETITA GRANT; LINDA HEDRICK; MARILYN BLACKWELL; MARSHELL BOYKIN; MARLON BROWN; MARTHA CALDWELL; MARILYN DOSS; MARIA CELESTE GAUSE; MARSHA LEATH; LISA LEWIS; MARVA PRINCE; LUCY ROGERS; LINQUEAL ROUNDS; MARCUS SPELLMAN; MARQUITA TAYLOR; MACEO TURNER; MARGIE WEAVIL; LORRAINE SLIGH; MELISSA HOLDER; MARY MCBRIDE; MELISSAH SCALES; MARY WOOD; MONICA ALEXANDER; MICHAEL FOSTER, JR.; MICHAEL JENKINS; MICHAEL JONES; MICHAEL KEE; MICHELLE KEELING; MARICA NELSON; PAMELA BULLS; NATASHA DAVIS; NAIMAH JONES; NELLI E KNOTTS; NEKA SWANN; NICOLE THOMAS; PERRY BOSTIC; PATRICK CANTEY; PERRY CUTHRELL, JR.; PAMELA MCINNIS; PAULETTE SHANNON; PAMELA WORTHY; PHILLIP BROWN; RALPH CHILDRESS; PRINCE CHISHOLM; PHILLIP GREEN; RAVEN WILMAR HOOKER; RASHAD PETTIFORD; RACHEL ROLLINS; RANDY TERRY; PRINCE TROLLINGER; PRISCILLA YOUNGER; RICKEY ADAMS; REGINALD BROWN; REMEKA BRYANT; RITA CERNA; RICHARD DELAIN; ROBERT GONZALES; RAYFORD KIMBLE; REGGIE SMITH; ROBERT TILLMAN; SAMANTHA ALLEN; SANDELL BLACKWELL; SANDRA CARMON; RODNEY COBIA; SANDR A DARRISAW; SARAH DOUGLAS; RODNEY EASTERLING; SABRINA USCA4 Appeal: 23-1601 Doc: 22 Filed: 05/01/2024 Pg: 21 of 3922 ELLIOT; ROGER HAMLETT; RODNEY HICKMAN; SAMANTHA MOUZON; SHANNON THOMAS; SHAMICA WALL; ROMAN WATROUS; TAMERA DAVIS; STANLEY EWINGS; SHELDON JOHNSON; SHONDA JONES; STEPHANIE JONES; TALISHA LOWERY; TAMECIA MCKINNON; SHENITA MELTON; TAHEIM RAGLAND; TAKEALLA RO BINSON; TEWLEE BOONE; TERESKA CHRISP; TERRY COE; TERESA DIXON; TONY FUNDERBURK; DAMION JOHNSON; TIFFANY MATTHEWS; TIKEISH MCNEILL; TERRAYA ROYSTER; TEALA STANTON; TRESHAUN WARREN; TOMMY WHITE; TONYA WOODS; WANDA EVANS; VINCENT HAIRSTON; WALTER MACKEY; WAND A MCKOY; VALERIE MCLAUGHLIN; WHITLEY TEASTER; YATERIA THOMAS; WILLIE BRADFIELD; WILLIAM BUNCH; WILLIAM GIBSON; WILLIAM PEARSALL; WILLIE THOMAS; WILLIE WARREN; WILLIE WILKERSON

,

Plaintiffs,

v.

TITLEMAX OF VIRGINIA, INC.; TITLEMAX OF SOUTH CAROLINA, INC.

,

Defendants

- Appellants

,

and

TMX FINANCE OF VIRGINIA, INC.

,

Defendant

.

No. 23

- 1613

FRANCES GADDY

,

Plaintiff

- Appellee

,

and

AARON GOINES; ALICIA ADAMS; AMANDA ALCOCK; AMANDA GROOMS; ANDREA SELLS; ANDREW JOHNSON; ANESHA MCGLOCKING; ANGELO CUMMINGS; ANNA SHAW; ANNETTE RIDGEWAY; ANTHONY AMES; ANTHONY ROSADO; ANTHONY STURDIVANT; ANTOINETTE USCA4 Appeal: 23-1601 Doc: 22 Filed: 05/01/2024 Pg: 22 of 3923 JACKSON; APRIL ALLEN; AREEBA LILES; AVI WILLIAMS; BENJAMIN WHERRY; BETTY MAKARIMI; BRADLEY CALDWELL; BRIDGET CLARK; BRIELLE COWAN; BRITTANY CALLAHAN; BRITTANY MASON; BRITTANY WILLIAMS; BRITTNEY OLIPHANT; CANDICE PERKINS; CAROLYN WALLACE; CARRIE EDWARDS; CA SANDRA MILLER; CASSANDRA BROOKS; CASSANDRA GAINES; CEDRIC MOSES; CHARITA
O ’ NEAL; CHARLENE HARRIS; CHARMAINE REID; CHARMAINE WILSON; CHERICIA STALLWORTH; CHIMAOBI MADUBUIKE; CHRISTINA SMITH; CHRISTOPHER BASS; COREY MCDUFFIE; CRYSTAL OWENS; CRYSTAL RORIE; CU RTIS BOYD; CYNIA ANDERSON; DAPHNE CARPENTER; DARLENE WATSON; DAVID ELLISON; DAVID GILLUM; DAVEDA HINES; DAVIE DAWKINS; DAWN GRAY; DAVID REYNOLDS; DAVIE RICHARDSON; DEREK COLE; DERRICK GREEN; DEPRIES HAYWOOD; DAWN HOUSETON; DESIREE JEFFREY; DIMITRI SHAW; DE SMOND SMITH; DIANA SMITH; DOMAUNIA CLARK; DOMINIQUE HARRIS; DOMINICK HINSON; DION LUKER; DONZA SLADE; DONTA SYKES; DWAYNE COCKERHAM; ELAINE T. JOHNSON; ELA MANNS; DOUGLAS MCKOY; DOROTHY RANSOM; EDNA TAYLOR; ERICA TURNER; EDWARD WILSON; HOLLY BOSTIC; GLORIA CALHOUN; GLENDA GIBSON; HAZEL GILLIAM; GLORIA HARDY; FRANCES HOPKINS; ETHEL JENKINS; INDIA LEAK; GARY MALLOY; GREGORY NICHOLSON; FRANK QUICK; GREGORY SLOAN; HOWARD J. WELCH; JAMES BRADSHAW; LINDA BRADSHAW; JADA EASTERLING; JAMES JACKSON; JAMORRIS
SINGLETO N; JAMES WILSON, JR.; JEFF BLACKWELL; JEREMY BRADSHAW; JARRAD COXE; JENNIFER HICKS; JENNIE JONES GREEN; JERMALE KEYS; JASON LANE; JAN LYNCH; JAVON MACK; JASMINE MAYHEM; JEANETTE MORGAN; JENNIFER SERGEANT; JESSICA STEWART; JENNIFER TAYLOR; JASON TILLEY; JEN ELLE TOLER; JONATHAN BENNETT; JOSEPH DIXON; JOZELLE GARBER; JEFFREY HANKINS; JOHNNY HARDISON; JOHN JOHNSON; KALISA JOHNSON; KAJUANE RORIE; JONATHAN SHIPMAN; JOCELYN STINSON; KATHY
BRATTON

- HARBISON; KATRINA CAMPBELL; KELLY EDWARDS; KATHERINE GARCIA; KEVIN H ORTON; KALISA JONSON; KATHERINE MCDONALD; KEVIN LAMAR SMITH; KELLY WALL; KIESHA LEARY; KRYSTAL MCCREE; KIMBERLY MORROW; LAQUITTA OUTLAW; LAKEESHA REDD; LATONIA BOYD; LASHALL BURNS; LESLIE FONVILLE; LAUREN GRIMSLEY; LATISA HAIRE; LATONYA HILDERBRAND; LASHAU RA HUDSON; LAWANDA LEARY; LESLIE MCSWAIN; LENNIE MOORE; LATEESHA MUNGIN; LASHONDA RICHARDS; LEKITTA ROBINSON; LINITA BLAKENEY; LINDSAY CURRIE; LETITA FRONE MILLER; LETITA GRANT; LINDA HEDRICK; MARILYN BLACKWELL; MARSHELL BOYKIN; MARLON BROWN; MARTHA
CALDWE LL; MARILYN DOSS; MARIA CELESTE GAUSE; MARSHA USCA4 Appeal: 23-1601 Doc: 22 Filed: 05/01/2024 Pg: 23 of 3924 LEATH; LISA LEWIS; MARVA PRINCE; LUCY ROGERS; LINQUEAL ROUNDS; MARCUS SPELLMAN; MARQUITA TAYLOR; MACEO TURNER; MARGIE WEAVIL; LORRAINE SLIGH; MELISSA HOLDER; MARY MCBRIDE; MELISSAH SCALES; MARY WOOD; MONICA ALEXANDER; MICHAEL FOSTER, JR.; MICHAEL JENKINS; MICHAEL JONES; MICHAEL KEE; MICHELLE KEELING; MARICA NELSON; PAMELA BULLS; NATASHA DAVIS; NAIMAH JONES; NELLIE KNOTTS; NEKA SWANN; NICOLE THOMAS; PERRY BOSTIC; PATRICK CANTEY; PERRY CUTHRELL, JR.; PAMELA MCINNIS; PAULETTE SHANNON; PAMELA WORTHY; PHILLIP BR OWN; RALPH CHILDRESS; PRINCE CHISHOLM; PHILLIP GREEN; RAVEN WILMAR HOOKER; RASHAD PETTIFORD; RACHEL ROLLINS; RANDY TERRY; PRINCE TROLLINGER; PRISCILLA YOUNGER; RICKEY ADAMS; REGINALD BROWN; REMEKA BRYANT; RITA CERNA; RICHARD DELAIN; ROBERT GONZALES; RAYFOR D KIMBLE; REGGIE SMITH; ROBERT TILLMAN; SAMANTHA ALLEN; SANDELL BLACKWELL; SANDRA CARMON; RODNEY COBIA; SANDRA DARRISAW; SARAH DOUGLAS; RODNEY EASTERLING; SABRINA ELLIOT; ROGER HAMLETT; RODNEY HICKMAN; SAMANTHA MOUZON; SHANNON THOMAS; SHAMICA WALL; ROMAN W ATROUS; TAMERA DAVIS; STANLEY EWINGS; SHELDON JOHNSON; SHONDA JONES; STEPHANIE JONES; TALISHA LOWERY; TAMECIA MCKINNON; SHENITA MELTON; TAHEIM RAGLAND; TAKEALLA ROBINSON; TEWLEE BOONE; TERESKA CHRISP; TERRY COE; TERESA DIXON; TONY FUNDERBURK; TARI HARRIS; DAMION JOHNSON; TIFFANY MATTHEWS; TIKEISH MCNEILL; TERRAYA ROYSTER; TEALA STANTON; TRESHAUN WARREN; TOMMY WHITE; TONYA WOODS; WANDA EVANS; VINCENT HAIRSTON; WALTER MACKEY; WANDA MCKOY; VALERIE MCLAUGHLIN; WHITLEY TEASTER; YATERIA THOMAS; WILLIE BRADFIELD; WILLIAM BUNCH; WILLIAM GIBSON; WILLIAM PEARSALL; WILLIE THOMAS; WILLIE WARREN; WILLIE WILKERSON

,

Plaintiffs

,

v.

TITLEMAX OF VIRGINIA, INC.; TITLEMAX OF SOUTH CAROLINA, INC.

,

Defendants

- Appellants

,

and

TMX FINANCE OF VIRGINIA, INC.

, USCA4 Appeal: 23-1601 Doc: 22 Filed: 05/01/2024 Pg: 24 of 3925 Defendant

.

No. 23

- 1614

JARRAD COXE

,

Plaintiff

- Appellee

,

and

AARON GOINES; ALICIA ADAMS; AMANDA ALCOCK; AMANDA GROOMS; ANDREA SELLS; ANDREW JOHNSON; ANESHA MCGLOCKING; ANGELO CUMMINGS; ANNA SHAW; ANNETTE RIDGEWAY; ANTHONY AMES; ANTHONY ROSADO; ANTHONY STURDIVANT; ANTOINETTE JACKSON; APRIL ALLEN; AREEBA LILES; AVI WILLIAMS; BENJAMIN WHERRY; BETTY MAKARIMI; BRADLEY CALDWELL; BRIDGET CLARK; BRIELLE COWAN; BRITTANY CALLAHAN; BRITTANY MASON;
BRITTANY WI LLIAMS; BRITTNEY OLIPHANT; CANDICE PERKINS; CAROLYN WALLACE; CARRIE EDWARDS; CASANDRA MILLER; CASSANDRA BROOKS; CASSANDRA GAINES; CEDRIC MOSES; CHARITA
O ’ NEAL; CHARLENE HARRIS; CHARMAINE REID; CHARMAINE WILSON; CHERICIA STALLWORTH; CHIMAOBI MADUBUIKE; CHRI STINA SMITH; CHRISTOPHER BASS; COREY MCDUFFIE; CRYSTAL OWENS; CRYSTAL RORIE; CURTIS BOYD; CYNIA ANDERSON; DAPHNE CARPENTER; DARLENE WATSON; DAVID ELLISON; DAVID GILLUM; DAVEDA HINES; DAVIE DAWKINS; DAWN GRAY; DAVID REYNOLDS; DAVIE RICHARDSON; DEREK COLE; D ERRICK GREEN; DEPRIES HAYWOOD; DAWN HOUSETON; DESIREE JEFFREY; DIMITRI SHAW; DESMOND SMITH; DIANA SMITH; DOMAUNIA CLARK; DOMINIQUE HARRIS; DOMINICK HINSON; DION LUKER; DONZA SLADE; DONTA SYKES; DWAYNE COCKERHAM; ELAINE T. JOHNSON; ELA MANNS; DOUGLAS MCKOY; DOROTHY RANSOM; EDNA TAYLOR; ERICA TURNER; EDWARD WILSON; HOLLY BOSTIC; GLORIA CALHOUN; FRANCES GADDY; GLENDA GIBSON; HAZEL GILLIAM; GLORIA HARDY; FRANCES HOPKINS; ETHEL JENKINS; INDIA LEAK; GARY MALLOY; GREGORY NICHOLSON; FRANK QUICK; GREGORY SLOAN; HOWA RD J. WELCH; JAMES BRADSHAW; LINDA BRADSHAW; JADA EASTERLING; JAMES JACKSON; JAMORRIS SINGLETON; JAMES WILSON, JR.; JEFF BLACKWELL; JEREMY BRADSHAW; JENNIFER HICKS; JENNIE JONES GREEN; JERMALE KEYS; JASON LANE; JAN LYNCH; JAVON MACK; USCA4 Appeal: 23-1601 Doc: 22 Filed: 05/01/2024 Pg: 25 of 3926 JASMINE MAYHEM; JEANETTE MORGAN; JENNIFER SERGEANT; JESSICA STEWART; JENNIFER TAYLOR; JASON TILLEY; JENELLE TOLER; JONATHAN BENNETT; JOSEPH DIXON; JOZELLE GARBER; JEFFREY HANKINS; JOHNNY HARDISON; JOHN JOHNSON; KALISA JOHNSON; KAJUANE RORIE; JONATHAN SHIPM AN; JOCELYN STINSON;
KATHY BRATTON

- HARBISON; KATRINA CAMPBELL; KELLY EDWARDS; KATHERINE GARCIA; KEVIN HORTON; KALISA JONSON; KATHERINE MCDONALD; KEVIN LAMAR SMITH; KELLY WALL; KIESHA LEARY; KRYSTAL MCCREE; KIMBERLY MORROW; LAQUITTA OUTLAW; LAKEESHA REDD; L ATONIA BOYD; LASHALL BURNS; LESLIE FONVILLE; LAUREN GRIMSLEY; LATISA HAIRE; LATONYA HILDERBRAND; LASHAURA HUDSON; LAWANDA LEARY; LESLIE MCSWAIN; LENNIE MOORE; LATEESHA MUNGIN; LASHONDA RICHARDS; LEKITTA ROBINSON; LINITA BLAKENEY; LINDSAY CURRIE;
LETITA FRO NE MILLER; LETITA GRANT; LINDA HEDRICK; MARILYN BLACKWELL; MARSHELL BOYKIN; MARLON BROWN; MARTHA CALDWELL; MARILYN DOSS; MARIA CELESTE GAUSE; MARSHA LEATH; LISA LEWIS; MARVA PRINCE; LUCY ROGERS; LINQUEAL ROUNDS; MARCUS SPELLMAN; MARQUITA TAYLOR; MACEO TURN ER; MARGIE WEAVIL; LORRAINE SLIGH; MELISSA HOLDER; MARY MCBRIDE; MELISSAH SCALES; MARY WOOD; MONICA ALEXANDER; MICHAEL FOSTER, JR.; MICHAEL JENKINS; MICHAEL JONES; MICHAEL KEE; MICHELLE KEELING; MARICA NELSON; PAMELA BULLS; NATASHA DAVIS; NAIMAH JONES; NEL LIE KNOTTS; NEKA SWANN; NICOLE THOMAS; PERRY BOSTIC; PATRICK CANTEY; PERRY CUTHRELL, JR.; PAMELA MCINNIS; PAULETTE SHANNON; PAMELA WORTHY; PHILLIP BROWN; RALPH CHILDRESS; PRINCE CHISHOLM; PHILLIP GREEN; RAVEN WILMAR HOOKER; RASHAD PETTIFORD;
RACHEL ROLLINS ; RANDY TERRY; PRINCE TROLLINGER; PRISCILLA YOUNGER; RICKEY ADAMS; REGINALD BROWN; REMEKA BRYANT; RITA CERNA; RICHARD DELAIN; ROBERT GONZALES; RAYFORD KIMBLE; REGGIE SMITH; ROBERT TILLMAN; SAMANTHA ALLEN; SANDELL BLACKWELL; SANDRA CARMON; RODNEY COBIA; SAN DRA DARRISAW; SARAH DOUGLAS; RODNEY EASTERLING; SABRINA ELLIOT; ROGER HAMLETT; RODNEY HICKMAN; SAMANTHA MOUZON; SHANNON THOMAS; SHAMICA WALL; ROMAN WATROUS; TAMERA DAVIS; STANLEY EWINGS; SHELDON JOHNSON; SHONDA JONES; STEPHANIE JONES; TALISHA LOWERY; TAMEC IA MCKINNON; SHENITA MELTON; TAHEIM RAGLAND; TAKEALLA ROBINSON; TEWLEE BOONE; TERESKA CHRISP; TERRY COE; TERESA DIXON; TONY FUNDERBURK; TARI HARRIS; DAMION JOHNSON; TIFFANY MATTHEWS; TIKEISH MCNEILL; TERRAYA ROYSTER; TEALA STANTON; TRESHAUN WARREN;
TOMMY W HITE; TONYA WOODS; WANDA EVANS; VINCENT HAIRSTON; USCA4 Appeal: 23-1601 Doc: 22 Filed: 05/01/2024 Pg: 26 of 3927 WALTER MACKEY; WANDA MCKOY; VALERIE MCLAUGHLIN; WHITLEY TEASTER; YATERIA THOMAS; WILLIE BRADFIELD; WILLIAM BUNCH; WILLIAM GIBSON; WILLIAM PEARSALL; WILLIE THOMAS; WILLIE WARREN; WILLIE WILKERSON

,

Plaintiffs

,

v.

TITLEMAX OF VIRGINIA, INC.; TITLEMAX OF SOUTH CAROLINA, INC.

,

Defendants

- Appellants

,

and

TMX FINANCE OF VIRGINIA, INC.

,

Defendant

.

No. 23

- 1615

PHILLIP BROWN

,

Plaintiff

- Appellee

,

and

AARON GOINES; ALICIA ADAMS; AMANDA ALCOCK; AMANDA GROOMS; ANDREA SELLS; ANDREW JOHNSON; ANESHA MCGLOCKING; ANGELO CUMMINGS; ANNA SHAW; ANNETTE RIDGEWAY; ANTHONY AMES; ANTHONY ROSADO; ANTHONY STURDIVANT; ANTOINETTE JACKSON; APRIL ALLEN; AREEBA LILES;
AVI WI LLIAMS; BENJAMIN WHERRY; BETTY MAKARIMI; BRADLEY CALDWELL; BRIDGET CLARK; BRIELLE COWAN; BRITTANY CALLAHAN; BRITTANY MASON; BRITTANY WILLIAMS; BRITTNEY OLIPHANT; CANDICE PERKINS; CAROLYN WALLACE; CARRIE EDWARDS; CASANDRA MILLER; CASSANDRA BROOKS; CASSANDRA GAINES; CEDRIC MOSES; CHARITA O ’ NEAL; CHARLENE HARRIS; CHARMAINE REID; CHARMAINE WILSON; CHERICIA STALLWORTH; CHIMAOBI MADUBUIKE; CHRISTINA SMITH; CHRISTOPHER BASS; USCA4 Appeal: 23-1601 Doc: 22 Filed: 05/01/2024 Pg: 27 of 3928 COREY MCDUFFIE; CRYSTAL OWENS; CRYSTAL RORIE; CURTIS BOYD; CYNIA ANDERSON; DAPHNE CARPENTER; DARLENE WATSON; DAVID ELLISON; DAVID GILLUM; DAVEDA HINES; DAVIE DAWKINS; DAWN GRAY; DAVID REYNOLDS; DAVIE RICHARDSON; DEREK COLE; DERRICK GREEN; DEPRIES HAYWOOD; DAWN HOUSETON; DESIREE JEFFREY; DIMITRI SHAW; DESMOND SMITH; DIANA SMITH; DOMAUNIA CLARK; DOMINIQUE HARRIS; DOMINICK HINSON; DION LUKER; DONZA SLADE; DONTA SYKES; DWAYNE COCKERHAM; ELAINE T. JOHNSON; ELA MANNS; DOUGLAS MCKOY; DOROTHY RANSOM; EDNA TAYLOR; E RICA TURNER; EDWARD WILSON; HOLLY BOSTIC; GLORIA CALHOUN; FRANCES GADDY; GLENDA GIBSON; HAZEL GILLIAM; GLORIA HARDY; FRANCES HOPKINS; ETHEL JENKINS; INDIA LEAK; GARY MALLOY; GREGORY NICHOLSON; FRANK QUICK; GREGORY SLOAN; HOWARD J. WELCH; JAMES BRADSHAW;

LI NDA BRADSHAW; JADA EASTERLING; JAMES JACKSON; JAMORRIS SINGLETON; JAMES WILSON, JR.; JEFF BLACKWELL; JEREMY BRADSHAW; JARRAD COXE; JENNIFER HICKS; JENNIE JONES GREEN; JERMALE KEYS; JASON LANE; JAN LYNCH; JAVON MACK; JASMINE MAYHEM; JEANETTE MORGAN; JENNIFE R SERGEANT; JESSICA STEWART; JENNIFER TAYLOR; JASON TILLEY; JENELLE TOLER; JONATHAN BENNETT; JOSEPH DIXON; JOZELLE GARBER; JEFFREY HANKINS; JOHNNY HARDISON; JOHN JOHNSON; KALISA JOHNSON; KAJUANE RORIE; JONATHAN SHIPMAN; JOCELYN STINSON; KATHY
BRATTON

- HARBI SON; KATRINA CAMPBELL; KELLY EDWARDS; KATHERINE GARCIA; KEVIN HORTON; KALISA JONSON; KATHERINE MCDONALD; KEVIN LAMAR SMITH; KELLY WALL; KIESHA LEARY; KRYSTAL MCCREE; KIMBERLY MORROW; LAQUITTA OUTLAW; LAKEESHA REDD; LATONIA BOYD; LASHALL BURNS; LESLIE
FONVI LLE; LAUREN GRIMSLEY; LATISA HAIRE; LATONYA HILDERBRAND; LASHAURA HUDSON; LAWANDA LEARY; LESLIE MCSWAIN; LENNIE MOORE; LATEESHA MUNGIN; LASHONDA RICHARDS; LEKITTA ROBINSON; LINITA BLAKENEY; LINDSAY CURRIE; LETITA FRONE MILLER; LETITA GRANT; LINDA HEDRICK; MARILYN BLACKWELL; MARSHELL BOYKIN; MARLON BROWN; MARTHA CALDWELL; MARILYN DOSS; MARIA CELESTE GAUSE; MARSHA LEATH; LISA LEWIS; MARVA PRINCE; LUCY ROGERS; LINQUEAL ROUNDS; MARCUS SPELLMAN; MARQUITA TAYLOR; MACEO TURNER; MARGIE WEAVER; LORRAINE SLIGH; MELIS SA HOLDER; MARY MCBRIDE; MELISSAH SCALES; MARY WOOD; MONICA ALEXANDER; MICHAEL FOSTER, JR.; MICHAEL JENKINS; MICHAEL JONES; MICHAEL KEE; MICHELLE KEELING; MARICA NELSON; PAMELA BULLS; NATASHA DAVIS; NAIMAH JONES; NELLIE KNOTTS; NEKA SWANN; NICOLE THOMAS; P ERRY BOSTIC; PATRICK CANTEY; USCA4 Appeal: 23-1601 Doc: 22 Filed: 05/01/2024 Pg: 28 of 3929 PERRY CUTHRELL, JR.; PAMELA MCINNIS; PAULETTE SHANNON; PAMELA WORTHY; RALPH CHILDRESS; PRINCE CHISHOLM; PHILLIP GREEN; RAVEN WILMAR HOOKER; RASHAD PETTIFORD; RACHEL ROLLINS; RANDY TERRY; PRINCE TROLLINGER; PRISCILLA YOUNGER; RICKEY ADAMS; REGINALD BROWN; R EMEKA BRYANT; RITA CERNA; RICHARD DELAIN; ROBERT GONZALES; RAYFORD KIMBLE; REGGIE SMITH; ROBERT TILLMAN; SAMANTHA ALLEN; SANDELL BLACKWELL; SANDRA CARMON; RODNEY COBIA; SANDRA DARRISAW; SARAH DOUGLAS; RODNEY EASTERLING; SABRINA ELLIOT; ROGER HAMLETT; RODNE Y HICKMAN; SAMANTHA MOUZON; SHANNON THOMAS; SHAMICA WALL; ROMAN WATROUS; TAMERA DAVIS; STANLEY EWINGS; SHELDON JOHNSON; SHONDA JONES; STEPHANIE JONES; TALISHA LOWERY; TAMECIA MCKINNON; SHENITA MELTON; TAHEIM RAGLAND; TAKEALLA ROBINSON; TEWLEE BOONE; TERESKA CHRISP; TERRY COE; TERESA DIXON; TONY FUNDERBURK; TARI HARRIS; DAMION JOHNSON; TIFFANY MATTHEWS; TIKEISH MCNEILL; TERRAYA ROYSTER; TEALA STANTON; TRESHAUN WARREN; TOMMY WHITE; TONYA WOODS; WANDA EVANS; VINCENT HAIRSTON; WALTER MACKEY; WANDA MCKOY; VALERI E MCLAUGHLIN; WHITLEY TEASTER; YATERIA THOMAS; WILLIE BRADFIELD; WILLIAM BUNCH; WILLIAM GIBSON; WILLIAM PEARSALL; WILLIE THOMAS; WILLIE WARREN; WILLIE
WILKERSON

,

Plaintiffs

,

v.

TITLEMAX OF VIRGINIA, INC.; TITLEMAX OF SOUTH CAROLINA, INC.

,

Defendants

- Appellants

,

and

TMX FINANCE OF VIRGINIA, INC.

,

Defendant

.

No. 23

- 1616 USCA4 Appeal: 23-1601 Doc: 22 Filed: 05/01/2024 Pg: 29 of 3930 WILLIE BRADFIELD

,

Plaintiff

- Appellee

,

and

AARON GOINES; ALICIA ADAMS; AMANDA ALCOCK; AMANDA GROOMS; ANDREA SELLS; ANDREW JOHNSON; ANESHA MCGLOCKING; ANGELO CUMMINGS; ANNA SHAW; ANNETTE RIDGEWAY; ANTHONY AMES; ANTHONY ROSADO; ANTHONY STURDIVANT; ANTOINETTE JACKSON; APRIL ALLEN; AREEBA LILES; AVI WILLIAMS; BENJAMIN WHERRY; BETTY MAKA RIMI; BRADLEY CALDWELL; BRIDGET CLARK; BRIELLE COWAN; BRITTANY CALLAHAN; BRITTANY MASON; BRITTANY WILLIAMS; BRITTNEY OLIPHANT; CANDICE PERKINS; CAROLYN WALLACE; CARRIE EDWARDS; CASANDRA MILLER; CASSANDRA BROOKS; CASSANDRA GAINES; CEDRIC MOSES; CHARITA O ’ NE AL; CHARLENE HARRIS; CHARMAINE REID; CHARMAINE WILSON; CHERICIA STALLWORTH; CHIMAOBI MADUBUIKE; CHRISTINA SMITH; CHRISTOPHER BASS; COREY MCDUFFIE; CRYSTAL OWENS; CRYSTAL RORIE; CURTIS BOYD; CYNIA ANDERSON; DAPHNE CARPENTER; DARLENE WATSON; DAVID ELLISON; D AVID GILLUM; DAVEDA HINES; DAVIE DAWKINS; DAWN GRAY; DAVID REYNOLDS; DAVIE RICHARDSON; DEREK COLE; DERRICK GREEN; DEPRIES HAYWOOD; DAWN HOUSETON; DESIREE JEFFREY; DIMITRI SHAW; DESMOND SMITH; DIANA SMITH; DOMAUNIA CLARK; DOMINIQUE HARRIS; DOMINICK HINSON; DION LUKER; DONZA SLADE; DONTA SYKES; DWAYNE COCKERHAM; ELAINE T. JOHNSON; ELA MANNS; DOUGLAS MCKOY; DOROTHY RANSOM; EDNA TAYLOR; ERICA TURNER; EDWARD WILSON; HOLLY BOSTIC; GLORIA CALHOUN; FRANCES GADDY; GLENDA GIBSON; HAZEL GILLIAM; GLORIA HARDY; FRANCES HOPKINS; ETHEL JENKINS; INDIA LEAK; GARY MALLOY; GREGORY NICHOLSON; FRANK QUICK; GREGORY SLOAN; HOWARD J. WELCH; JAMES BRADSHAW; LINDA BRADSHAW; JADA EASTERLING; JAMES JACKSON; JAMORRIS SINGLETON; JAMES WILSON, JR.; JEFF BLACKWELL; JEREMY BRADSHAW; JARRAD COXE; JENNIFER HICKS; JENNIE JONES GREEN; JERMALE KEYS; JASON LANE; JAN LYNCH; JAVON MACK; JASMINE MAYHEM; JEANETTE MORGAN; JENNIFER SERGEANT; JESSICA STEWART; JENNIFER TAYLOR; JASON TILLEY; JENELLE TOLER; JONATHAN BENNETT; JOSEPH DIXON; JOZELLE GARBER; JE FFREY HANKINS; JOHNNY HARDISON; JOHN JOHNSON; KALISA JOHNSON; KAJUANE RORIE; JONATHAN SHIPMAN; JOCELYN STINSON; KATHY
BRATTON

- HARBISON; KATRINA CAMPBELL; KELLY EDWARDS; USCA4 Appeal: 23-1601 Doc: 22 Filed: 05/01/2024 Pg: 30 of 3931 KATHERINE GARCIA; KEVIN HORTON; KALISA JONSON; KATHERINE MCDONALD; KEVIN LAMAR SMITH; KELLY WALL; KIESHA LEARY; KRYSTAL MCCREE; KIMBERLY MORROW; LAQUITTA OUTLAW; LAKEESHA REDD; LATONIA BOYD; LASHALL BURNS; LESLIE FONVILLE; LAUREN GRIMSLEY; LATISA HAIRE; LA TONYA HILDERBRAND; LASHAURA HUDSON; LAWANDA LEARY; LESLIE MCSWAIN; LENNIE MOORE; LATEESHA MUNGIN; LASHONDA RICHARDS; LEKITTA ROBINSON; LINITA BLAKENEY; LINDSAY CURRIE; LETITA FRONE MILLER; LETITA GRANT; LINDA HEDRICK; MARILYN BLACKWELL; MARSHELL BOYKIN; MA RLON BROWN; MARTHA CALDWELL; MARILYN DOSS; MARIA CELESTE GAUSE; MARSHA LEATH; LISA LEWIS; MARVA PRINCE; LUCY ROGERS; LINQUEAL ROUNDS; MARCUS SPELLMAN; MARQUITA TAYLOR; MACEO TURNER; MARGIE WEAVIL; LORRAINE SLIGH; MELISSA HOLDER; MARY MCBRIDE; MELISSAH SCAL ES; MARY WOOD; MONICA ALEXANDER; MICHAEL FOSTER, JR.; MICHAEL JENKINS; MICHAEL JONES; MICHAEL KEE; MICHELLE KEELING; MARICA NELSON; PAMELA BULLS; NATASHA DAVIS; NAIMAH JONES; NELLIE KNOTTS; NEKA SWANN; NICOLE THOMAS; PERRY BOSTIC; PATRICK CANTEY;
PERRY CUT HRELL, JR.; PAMELA MCINNIS; PAULETTE SHANNON; PAMELA WORTHY; PHILLIP BROWN; RALPH CHILDRESS; PRINCE CHISHOLM; PHILLIP GREEN; RAVEN WILMAR HOOKER; RASHAD PETTIFORD; RACHEL ROLLINS; RANDY TERRY; PRINCE TROLLINGER; PRISCILLA YOUNGER; RICKEY ADAMS; REGINALD BR OWN; REMEKA BRYANT; RITA CERNA; RICHARD DELAIN; ROBERT GONZALES; RAYFORD KIMBLE; REGGIE SMITH; ROBERT TILLMAN; SAMANTHA ALLEN; SANDELL BLACKWELL; SANDRA CARMON; RODNEY COBIA; SANDRA DARRISAW; SARAH DOUGLAS; RODNEY EASTERLING; SABRINA ELLIOT; ROGER HAMLETT; RODNEY HICKMAN; SAMANTHA MOUZON; SHANNON THOMAS; SHAMICA WALL; ROMAN WATROUS; TAMERA DAVIS; STANLEY EWINGS; SHELDON JOHNSON; SHONDA JONES; STEPHANIE JONES; TALISHA LOWERY; TAMECIA MCKINNON; SHENITA MELTON; TAHEIM RAGLAND; TAKEALLA ROBINSON; TEWLEE BOONE; TERESKA CHRISP; TERRY COE; TERESA DIXON; TONY FUNDERBURK; TARI HARRIS; DAMION JOHNSON; TIFFANY MATTHEWS; TIKEISH MCNEILL; TERRAYA ROYSTER; TEALA STANTON; TRESHAUN WARREN; TONY WHITE; TONYA WOODS; WANDA EVANS; VINCENT HAIRSTON; WALTER MACKEY; WANDA MCKOY; V ALERIE MCLAUGHLIN; WHITLEY TEASTER; YATERIA THOMAS; WILLIAM BUNCH; WILLIAM GIBSON; WILLIAM PEARSALL; WILLIE THOMAS; WILLIE WARREN; WILLIE WILKERSON

,

Plaintiffs

, USCA4 Appeal: 23-1601 Doc: 22 Filed: 05/01/2024 Pg: 31 of 3932 v.

TITLEMAX OF VIRGINIA, INC.; TITLEMAX OF SOUTH CAROLINA, INC.

,

Defendants

- Appellants

,

and

TMX FINANCE OF VIRGINIA, INC.

,

Defendant

.

No. 23

- 1617

KATRINA CAMPBELL

,

Plaintiff

- Appellee

,

and

AARON GOINES; ALICIA ADAMS; AMANDA ALCOCK; AMANDA GROOMS; ANDREA SELLS; ANDREW JOHNSON; ANESHA MCGLOCKING; ANGELO CUMMINGS; ANNA SHAW; ANNETTE RIDGEWAY; ANTHONY AMES; ANTHONY ROSADO; ANTHONY STURDIVANT; ANTOINETTE JACKSON; APRIL ALLEN; AREEBA LILES; AVI WILLIAMS; BENJAMIN WHERRY; BETTY MAKARIMI; BRADLEY CALDWELL; BRIDGET CLARK; BRIELLE COWAN; BRITTANY CALLAHAN; BRITTANY MASON; BRITT ANY WILLIAMS; BRITTNEY OLIPHANT; CANDICE PERKINS; CAROLYN WALLACE; CARRIE EDWARDS; CASANDRA MILLER; CASSANDRA BROOKS; CASSANDRA GAINES; CEDRIC MOSES; CHARITA O ’ NEAL; CHARLENE HARRIS; CHARMAINE REID; CHARMAINE WILSON; CHERICIA STALLWORTH;
CHIMAOBI MADUBUIKE ; CHRISTINA SMITH; CHRISTOPHER BASS; COREY MCDUFFIE; CRYSTAL OWENS; CRYSTAL RORIE; CURTIS BOYD; CYNIA ANDERSON; DAPHNE CARPENTER; DARLENE WATSON; DAVID ELLISON; DAVID GILLUM; DAVEDA HINES; DAVIE DAWKINS; DAWN GRAY; DAVID REYNOLDS; DAVIE RICHARDSON; DEREK C OLE; DERRICK GREEN; DEPRIES HAYWOOD; DAWN HOUSETON; DESIREE JEFFREY; DIMITRI SHAW; DESMOND SMITH; DIANA SMITH; USCA4 Appeal: 23-1601 Doc: 22 Filed: 05/01/2024 Pg: 32 of 3933 DOMAUNIA CLARK; DOMINIQUE HARRIS; DOMINICK HINSON; DION LUKER; DONZA SLADE; DONTA SYKES; DWAYNE COCKERHAM; ELAINE T. JOHNSON; ELA MANNS; DOUGLAS MCKOY; DOROTHY RANSOM; EDNA TAYLOR; ERICA TURNER; EDWARD WILSON; HOLLY BOSTIC; GLORIA CALHOUN; FRANCES GADDY; G LENDA GIBSON; HAZEL GILLIAM; GLORIA HARDY; FRANCES HOPKINS; ETHEL JENKINS; INDIA LEAK; GARY MALLOY; GREGORY NICHOLSON; FRANK QUICK; GREGORY SLOAN; HOWARD J. WELCH; JAMES BRADSHAW; LINDA BRADSHAW; JADA EASTERLING; JAMES JACKSON; JAMORRIS SINGLETON; JAMES WI LSON, JR.; JEFF BLACKWELL; JEREMY BRADSHAW; JARRAD COXE; JENNIFER HICKS; JENNIE JONES GREEN; JERMALE KEYS; JASON LANE; JAN LYNCH; JAVON MACK; JASMINE MAYHEM; JEANETTE MORGAN; JENNIFER SERGEANT; JESSICA STEWART; JENNIFER TAYLOR; JASON TILLEY; JENELLE TOLER; JONATHAN BENNETT; JOSEPH DIXON; JOZELLE GARBER; JEFFREY HANKINS; JOHNNY HARDISON; JOHN JOHNSON; KALISA JOHNSON; KAJUANE RORIE; JONATHAN SHIPMAN; JOCELYN STINSON; KATHY
BRATTON

- HARBISON; KELLY EDWARDS; KATHERINE GARCIA; KEVIN HORTON; KALISA JONSON; KATHERI NE MCDONALD; KEVIN LAMAR SMITH; KELLY WALL; KIESHA LEARY; KRYSTAL MCCREE; KIMBERLY MORROW; LAQUITTA OUTLAW; LAKEESHA REDD; LATONIA BOYD; LASHALL BURNS; LESLIE FONVILLE; LAUREN GRIMSLEY; LATISA HAIRE; LATONYA HILDERBRAND; LASHAURA HUDSON; LAWANDA LEARY; LES LIE MCSWAIN; LENNIE MOORE; LATEESHA MUNGIN; LASHONDA RICHARDS; LEKITTA ROBINSON; LINITA BLAKENEY; LINDSAY CURRIE; LETITA FRONE MILLER; LETITA GRANT; LINDA HEDRICK; MARILYN BLACKWELL; MARSHELL BOYKIN; MARLON BROWN; MARTHA CALDWELL; MARILYN DOSS; MARIA CELES TE GAUSE; MARSHA LEATH; LISA LEWIS; MARVA PRINCE; LUCY ROGERS; LINQUEAL ROUNDS; MARCUS SPELLMAN; MARQUITA TAYLOR; MACEO TURNER; MARGIE WEAVIL; LORRAINE SLIGH; MELISSA HOLDER; MARY MCBRIDE; MELISSAH SCALES; MARY WOOD; MONICA ALEXANDER; MICHAEL FOSTER, JR.; MICHAEL JENKINS; MICHAEL JONES; MICHAEL KEE; MICHELLE KEELING; MARICA NELSON; PAMELA BULLS; NATASHA DAVIS; NAIMAH JONES; NELLIE KNOTTS; NEKA SWANN; NICOLE THOMAS; PERRY BOSTIC; PATRICK CANTEY; PERRY CUTHRELL, JR.; PAMELA MCINNIS; PAULETTE SHANNON;
PAMELA W ORTHY; PHILLIP BROWN; RALPH CHILDRESS; PRINCE CHISHOLM; PHILLIP GREEN; RAVEN WILMAR HOOKER; RASHAD PETTIFORD; RACHEL ROLLINS; RANDY TERRY; PRINCE TROLLINGER; PRISCILLA YOUNGER; RICKEY ADAMS; REGINALD BROWN; REMEKA BRYANT; RITA CERNA; RICHARD DELAIN; ROBERT GONZALES; RAYFORD KIMBLE; REGGIE SMITH; ROBERT TILLMAN; SAMANTHA USCA4 Appeal: 23-1601 Doc: 22 Filed: 05/01/2024 Pg: 33 of 3934 ALLEN; SANDELL BLACKWELL; SANDRA CARMON; RODNEY COBIA; SANDRA DARRISAW; SARAH DOUGLAS; RODNEY EASTERLING; SABRINA ELLIOT; ROGER HAMLETT; RODNEY HICKMAN; SAMANTHA MOUZON; SHANNON THOMAS; SHAMICA WALL; ROMAN WATROUS; TAMERA DAVIS; STANLEY EWINGS; SHELDON JOH NSON; SHONDA JONES; STEPHANIE JONES; TALISHA LOWERY; TAMECIA MCKINNON; SHENITA MELTON; TAHEIM RAGLAND; TAKEALLA ROBINSON; TEWLEE BOONE; TERESKA CHRISP; TERRY COE; TERESA DIXON; TONY FUNDERBURK; TARI HARRIS; DAMION JOHNSON; TIFFANY MATTHEWS; TIKEISH MCNEILL ; TERRAYA ROYSTER; TEALA STANTON; TRESHAUN WARREN; TOMMY WHITE; TONYA WOODS; WANDA EVANS; VINCENT HAIRSTON; WALTER MACKEY; WANDA MCKOY; VALERIE MCLAUGHLIN; WHITLEY TEASTER; YATERIA THOMAS; WILLIE BRADFIELD; WILLIAM BUNCH; WILLIAM GIBSON; WILLIAM PEARSALL; WILLIE THOMAS; WILLIE WARREN; WILLIE
WILKERSON

,

Plaintiffs

,

v.

TITLEMAX OF VIRGINIA, INC.; TITLEMAX OF SOUTH CAROLINA, INC.

,

Defendants

- Appellants

,

and

TMX FINANCE OF VIRGINIA, INC.

,

Defendant

.

No. 23

- 1618

PAULETTE SHANNON

,

Plaintiff

- Appellee

,

and USCA4 Appeal: 23-1601 Doc: 22 Filed: 05/01/2024 Pg: 34 of 3935 AARON GOINES; ALICIA ADAMS; AMANDA ALCOCK; AMANDA GROOMS; ANDREA SELLS; ANDREW JOHNSON; ANESHA MCGLOCKING; ANGELO CUMMINGS; ANNA SHAW; ANNETTE RIDGEWAY; ANTHONY AMES; ANTHONY ROSADO; ANTHONY STURDIVANT; ANTOINETTE JACKSON; APRIL ALLEN; AREEBA LILES;
AVI WI LLIAMS; BENJAMIN WHERRY; BETTY MAKARIMI; BRADLEY CALDWELL; BRIDGET CLARK; BRIELLE COWAN; BRITTANY CALLAHAN; BRITTANY MASON; BRITTANY WILLIAMS; BRITTNEY OLIPHANT; CANDICE PERKINS; CAROLYN WALLACE; CARRIE EDWARDS; CASANDRA MILLER; CASSANDRA BROOKS; CASSANDRA GAINES; CEDRIC MOSES; CHARITA O ’ NEAL; CHARLENE HARRIS; CHARMAINE REID; CHARMAINE WILSON; CHERICIA STALLWORTH; CHIMAOBI MADUBUIKE; CHRISTINA SMITH; CHRISTOPHER BASS; COREY MCDUFFIE; CRYSTAL OWENS; CRYSTAL RORIE; CURTIS BOYD; CYNIA ANDERSON; DAPHNE CARPENTER; DARLENE WATSON; DAVID ELLISON; DAVID GILLUM; DAVEDA HINES; DAVIE DAWKINS; DAWN GRAY; DAVID REYNOLDS; DAVIE RICHARDSON; DEREK COLE; DERRICK GREEN; DEPRIES HAYWOOD; DAWN HOUSETON; DESIREE JEFFREY; DIMITRI SHAW; DESMOND SMITH; DIANA SMITH; DOMAUNIA CLARK; DOMINIQUE HARRIS; DOMINICK HINSON; DION LUKER; DONZA SLADE; DONTA SYKES; DWAYNE COCKERHAM; ELAINE T. JOHNSON; ELA MANNS; DOUGLAS MCKOY; DOROTHY RANSOM; EDNA TAYLOR; ERICA TURNER; EDWARD WILSON; HOLLY BOSTIC; GLORIA CALHOUN; FRANCES GADDY; GLENDA GIBSON;
HA ZEL GILLIAM; GLORIA HARDY; FRANCES HOPKINS; ETHEL JENKINS; INDIA LEAK; GARY MALLOY; GREGORY NICHOLSON; FRANK QUICK; GREGORY SLOAN; HOWARD J. WELCH; JAMES BRADSHAW; LINDA BRADSHAW; JADA EASTERLING; JAMES JACKSON; JAMORRIS SINGLETON; JAMES WILSON, JR.; JEFF BLACKWELL; JEREMY BRADSHAW; JARRAD COXE; JENNIFER HICKS; JENNIE JONES GREEN; JERMALE KEYS; JASON LANE; JAN LYNCH; JAVON MACK; JASMINE MAYHEM; JEANETTE MORGAN; JENNIFER SERGEANT; JESSICA STEWART; JENNIFER TAYLOR; JASON TILLEY; JENELLE TOLER;
JONATHAN BENNET T; JOSEPH DIXON; JOZELLE GARBER; JEFFREY HANKINS; JOHNNY HARDISON; JOHN JOHNSON; KALISA JOHNSON; KAJUANE RORIE; JONATHAN SHIPMAN; JOCELYN STINSON; KATHY
BRATTON

- HARBISON; KATRINA CAMPBELL; KELLY EDWARDS; KATHERINE GARCIA; KEVIN HORTON; KALISA JONSON; KATHE RINE MCDONALD; KEVIN LAMAR SMITH; KELLY WALL; KIESHA LEARY; KRYSTAL MCCREE; KIMBERLY MORROW; LAQUITTA OUTLAW; LAKEESHA REDD; LATONIA BOYD; LASHALL BURNS; LESLIE FONVILLE; LAUREN GRIMSLEY; LATISA HAIRE; LATONYA HILDERBRAND; LASHAURA HUDSON; LAWANDA LEARY; L ESLIE USCA4 Appeal: 23-1601 Doc: 22 Filed: 05/01/2024 Pg: 35 of 3936 MCSWAIN; LENNIE MOORE; LATEESHA MUNGIN; LASHONDA RICHARDS; LEKITTA ROBINSON; LINITA BLAKENEY; LINDSAY CURRIE; LETITA FRONE MILLER; LETITA GRANT; LINDA HEDRICK; MARILYN BLACKWELL; MARSHELL BOYKIN; MARLON BROWN; MARTHA CALDWELL; MARILYN DOSS; MARIA CELESTE G AUSE; MARSHA LEATH; LISA LEWIS; MARVA PRINCE; LUCY ROGERS; LINQUEAL ROUNDS; MARCUS SPELLMAN; MARQUITA TAYLOR; MACEO TURNER; MARGIE WEAVER; LORRAINE SLIGH; MELISSA HOLDER; MARY MCBRIDE; MELISSAH SCALES; MARY WOOD; MONICA ALEXANDER; MICHAEL FOSTER, JR.; MICH AEL JENKINS; MICHAEL JONES; MICHAEL KEE; MICHELLE KEELING; MARICA NELSON; PAMELA BULLS; NATASHA DAVIS; NAIMAH JONES; NELLIE KNOTTS; NEKA SWANN; NICOLE THOMAS; PERRY BOSTIC; PATRICK CANTEY; PERRY CUTHRELL, JR.; PAMELA MCINNIS; PAMELA WORTHY; PHILLIP BROWN; RALPH CHILDRESS; PRINCE CHISHOLM; PHILLIP GREEN; RAVEN WILMAR HOOKER; RASHAD PETTIFORD; RACHEL ROLLINS; RANDY TERRY; PRINCE TROLLINGER; PRISCILLA YOUNGER; RICKEY ADAMS; REGINALD BROWN; REMEKA BRYANT; RITA CERNA; RICHARD DELAIN; ROBERT GONZALES; RAYFORD KIM BLE; REGGIE SMITH; ROBERT TILLMAN; SAMANTHA ALLEN; SANDELL BLACKWELL; SANDRA CARMON; RODNEY COBIA; SANDRA DARRISAW; SARAH DOUGLAS; RODNEY EASTERLING; SABRINA ELLIOT; ROGER HAMLETT; RODNEY HICKMAN; SAMANTHA MOUZON; SHANNON THOMAS; SHAMICA WALL; ROMAN WATROU S; TAMERA DAVIS; STANLEY EWINGS; SHELDON JOHNSON; SHONDA JONES; STEPHANIE JONES; TALISHA LOWERY; TAMECIA MCKINNON; SHENITA MELTON; TAHEIM RAGLAND; TAKEALLA ROBINSON; TEWLEE BOONE; TERESKA CHRISP; TERRY COE; TERESA DIXON; TONY FUNDERBURK; TARI HARRIS; DAMIO N JOHNSON; TIFFANY MATTHEWS; TIKEISH MCNEILL; TERRAYA ROYSTER; TEALA STANTON; TRESHAUN WARREN; TOMMY WHITE; TONYA WOODS; WANDA EVANS; VINCENT HAIRSTON; WALTER MACKEY; WANDA MCKOY; VALERIE MCLAUGHLIN; WHITLEY TEASTER; YATERIA THOMAS; WILLIE BRADFIELD; WILLI AM BUNCH; WILLIAM GIBSON; WILLIAM PEARSALL; WILLIE THOMAS; WILLIE WARREN; WILLIE
WILKERSON

,

Plaintiffs

,

v.

TITLEMAX OF VIRGINIA, INC.; TITLEMAX OF SOUTH CAROLINA, INC.

, USCA4 Appeal: 23-1601 Doc: 22 Filed: 05/01/2024 Pg: 36 of 3937 Defendants

- Appellants

,

and

TMX FINANCE OF VIRGINIA, INC.

,

Defendant

.

Appeal s from the United States District Court for the Middle District of North Carolina , at Greensboro

. Loretta C. Biggs, District Judge. ( 1:19

- cv

- 00489

- LCB

- JLW )

Submitted : April 25, 2024 Decided: May 1, 2024

Before KING, THACKER, and HARRIS , Circuit Judges.

Vacated and remanded by un published per curiam opinion

.

ON BRIEF : Anthony J. Durone

, Lauren Tallent

, BERKOWITZ OLIVER LLP , Kansas City, Missouri, for Appellants. Andrew H. Brown

, James R. Faucher

, BROWN, FAUCHER, PERALDO & BENSON, PLLC , Greensboro, North Carolina, for Appellees.

Unpublished opinions are not binding precedent in this circuit. USCA4 Appeal: 23-1601 Doc: 22 Filed: 05/01/2024 Pg: 37 of 3938 PER CURIAM:

Appellants TitleMax of Virginia, Inc., and TitleMax of South Carolina, Inc.

(“TitleMax”)

, appeal the district court ’ s orders granting Appellees ’ applications under

Section 9 of the Federal Arbitration Act, 9 U.S.C. §§ 1

- 16 (FAA) , to confirm arbitration

awards. On appeal, TitleMax argues the district court lacked subject matter jurisdiction to

enter the judgment s confirming Appellees’ arbitration awards because Appellees ’ Section

9 applications did not identify an independent basis for the court ’ s jurisdic tion. We agree.

In Badgerow v. Walters , 596 U.S. 1 (2022) , the Supreme Court held that, in contrast

to the method for determining a district court ’ s jurisdiction over a motion to compel

arbitration under Section 4 of the FAA , there must be “an independent jurisdictional basis”

for a district court to confirm or vacate an arbitration award under Section 9 or 10, id. at 4

(internal quotation marks omitted), that is apparent from “the application actually

submitted to” the court, id. at 5. As we recently e xplain ed, this is true regardless of whether

the relevant application was a “freestanding application[]” or was “filed after arbitration in

a previously stayed action.” SmartSky Networks, LLC v. DAG Wireless, LTD. , 93 F.4th

175, 184 (4th Cir. 2024). 1 Rather, “ all Section 9 and 10 applications must have an

independent jurisdictional basis clear on the face of the application

. ” Id.

The Section 9 applications at issue in this case did not identify a basis for the district

court ’ s jurisdiction. The applications did not identify a non

- FAA basis for federal question

1 The district court did not have the benefit of our opinion in SmartSky at the time it ruled on Appellees’ Section 9 motions. USCA4 Appeal: 23-1601 Doc: 22 Filed: 05/01/2024 Pg: 38 of 3939 jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1331

. They did not suggest that the amount in controversy

was above th e $75,000 threshold necessary for the district court to have diversity

jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1332

. An d the y did not invoke the district court ’ s

supplemental jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1367 2 or identify any other basis for the

court’s jurisdiction. Because “a court may look only to the application actually submitted

to it in assessing its jurisdiction,” Badgerow , 596 U.S. at 5 (emphasis added) , t he district

court lacked subject matter jurisdiction to grant Appellees’ Section 9 applications

.

Accordingly, we vacate the district court ’ s judgments and remand to the district

court for further proceedings consistent with this opinion. We dispense with oral argument

because the facts and legal contentions are adequately presented in the materials before this

court and argument would not aid the decisional process.

VACAT ED AND REMANDED

2 We express no opinion as to whether a Section 9 or 10 applicant could properly invoke § 1367 as a basis for the district court’s jurisdiction over such an application. USCA4 Appeal: 23-1601 Doc: 22 Filed: 05/01/2024 Pg: 39 of 39