[Cite as In re E.S., 2018-Ohio-3929.]

STATE OF OHIO ) IN THE COURT OF APPEALS 

 )ss: NINTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT 

COUNTY OF LORAIN ) 

IN RE: E.S., A.C., N.S. C.A. No. 18CA011259 

APPEAL FROM JUDGMENT 

ENTERED IN THE 

COURT OF COMMON PLEAS 

COUNTY OF LORAIN, OHIO 

CASE Nos. 15JC4719, 20 

16JC49315 

DECISION AND JOURNAL ENTRY 

Dated: September 28, 2018 

 

 TEODOSIO, Judge. 

{¶1} Appellant, M.S. (“Mother”), appeals from a judgment of the Lorain County Court 

of Common Pleas, Juvenile Division, that terminated her parental rights to three of her minor 

children and placed them in the permanent custody of Lorain County Children Services 

(“LCCS”). This Court affirms. 

I. 

{¶2} Mother is the biological mother of fourteen children. Some of her older children 

are emancipated and others have been placed in the legal custody of relatives. Only three of 

Mother’s children are parties to this appeal: E.S., born April 26, 2008; A.C., born May 29, 

2009; and N.S., born November 28, 2010. The father of these children (“Father”), who is also 

the father of seven of Mother’s other children, did not timely appeal from the trial court’s 

judgment, but he did file a brief as an appellee to support Mother’s arguments. Although LCCS 
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moved to strike Father’s brief, Father has the right to file a brief as an appellee to support 

Mother’s arguments. See In re A.T., 9th Dist. Summit No. 28220, 2016-Ohio-5907, ¶ 10. 

{¶3} Mother has a lengthy history with LCCS, dating back more than 10 years in cases 

involving many of her children. Several of the prior cases have resulted in her older children 

being placed in the legal custody of relatives. The prior cases with Mother’s children have 

involved the same issues: Mother’s mental health and substance abuse problems and her lack of 

stable income and housing. LCCS has remained concerned that Mother lacked the ability to 

meet even her own basic needs. 

{¶4} This case began with the December 2015 removal of A.C. and N.S. from 

Mother’s custody. At that time, E.S. had been living in Father’s legal custody since a prior 

2009 dependency case. E.S. initially remained in Father’s custody and the original reunification 

plan was to place A.C. and N.S. with Father, who was the more stable parent at that time. 

During the course of the trial court proceedings, however, Father began using illegal drugs after 

years of abstinence and E.S. was removed from his custody. Father continued to struggle with 

drug use throughout this case and Mother also failed to remedy her parenting problems. 

{¶5} LCCS eventually moved for permanent custody of E.S., A.C., and N.S. and the 

parents alternatively requested legal custody of the children. Following a hearing on the 

competing dispositional motions, the trial court placed the children in the permanent custody of 

LCCS. Mother appeals and raises one assignment of error. 

II. 

ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR

THE TRIAL COURT COMMITTED REVERSIBLE AND PLAIN ERROR BY 

FINDING THAT IT WAS IN THE BEST INTERESTS OF THE CHILDREN 

TO BE PLACED IN THE PERMANENT CUSTODY OF LCCS EVEN 
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THOUGH IT WAS AGAINST THE MANIFEST WEIGHT OF THE 

EVIDENCE. 

{¶6} Mother’s sole assignment of error is that the trial court’s permanent custody 

decision was not supported by the evidence presented at the hearing. Before a juvenile court 

may terminate parental rights and award permanent custody of a child to a proper moving 

agency it must find clear and convincing evidence of both prongs of the permanent custody test: 

(1) that the child is abandoned; orphaned; has been in the temporary custody of the agency for 

at least 12 months of a consecutive 22-month period; the child or another child in a parent’s 

custody has been adjudicated abused, neglected, or dependent on three separate occasions; or 

the child cannot be placed with either parent within a reasonable time or should not be placed 

with either parent, based on an analysis under R.C. 2151.414(E); and (2) that the grant of 

permanent custody to the agency is in the best interest of the child, based on an analysis under 

R.C. 2151.414(D). See R.C. 2151.414(B)(1) and 2151.414(B)(2); see also In re William S., 75 

Ohio St.3d 95, 99 (1996). 

{¶7} The trial court found that LCCS satisfied the first prong of the permanent custody 

test for two alternative reasons: that Mother failed to remedy the conditions that caused her 

children to remain placed outside the home and one or more of her children had been 

adjudicated an abused, neglected, or dependent child on at least three separate occasions. See

R.C. 2151.414(E)(1) and 2151.414(B)(1)(e). Mother does not challenge either of those 

findings. Through his brief as an appellee, Father challenged the trial court’s first-prong finding 

under R.C. 2151.414(B)(1)(e). The issue is not properly before us on appeal, however, because 

Father did not file a notice of appeal to challenge the trial court’s judgment. See App.R. 3. 

Because the record fully supports the trial court’s finding under R.C. 2151.414(E)(1), neither 
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parent was prejudiced by any error in the trial court’s alternative first prong finding under R.C. 

2151.414(B)(5). See, e.g., In re S.C., 9th Dist. Summit No. 27676, 2015-Ohio-2623, ¶ 30. 

{¶8} Nevertheless, this Court will address the issue because it observed a similar legal 

error in another appeal that was decided before the permanent custody hearing was held in this 

case. See In re A.W., 9th Dist. Lorain No. 17CA011123, 2017-Ohio-7786, ¶ 17. As in In re 

A.W., the juvenile court in this case interpreted R.C. 2151.414(B)(1)(e) to allow an aggregating 

of adjudications of different children to reach the three adjudications required by the statute. By 

its unambiguous terms, however, R.C. 2151.414(B)(1)(e) requires that at least one child, 

whether one of these children or a sibling, be adjudicated three separate times. See, e.g., In re 

A.S., 9th Dist. Summit No. 28743, 2017-Ohio-8984, ¶ 5. In this case, although there had been 

numerous adjudications of many of Mother’s children, the agency failed to present evidence 

that any one of those children had been adjudicated three times. Consequently, the trial court’s 

conclusion that R.C. 2151.414(B)(1)(e) was satisfied was not supported by the record. Because 

the trial court’s alternative finding under R.C. 2151.414(E)(1) was supported by clear and 

convincing evidence, however, its erroneous finding under R.C. 2151.414(B)(1)(e) was 

harmless. 

{¶9} Mother challenges only the trial court’s finding that permanent custody was in the 

best interest of the children. Most of Mother’s arguments, however, focus on whether LCCS 

adequately assisted her and Father in working toward reunification with the children by 

allowing them to visit with the children separately. The record reveals, however, that the 

agency’s failure to reunify Mother and her children was caused by a lack of case plan 

compliance by Mother, not by any lack of services provided by LCCS. 
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{¶10} When determining the children’s best interest under R.C. 2151.414(D), the 

juvenile court must consider all relevant factors, including the interaction and interrelationships 

of the children, their wishes, the custodial history of the children, the need for permanence in 

the children’s lives, and whether any of the factors set forth in R.C. 2151.414(E)(7) to (11) 

apply to the facts of the case. See In re R.G., 9th Dist. Summit Nos. 24834 and 24850, 2009-

Ohio-6284, ¶ 11. Mother makes no argument about the trial court’s findings on any of the best 

interest factors, which were fully supported by the evidence in the record. 

{¶11} Mother’s interaction with the children throughout this case was limited to weekly, 

supervised visits because Mother did not comply with the substance abuse and mental health 

components of the case plan. Mother obtained a substance abuse assessment, but she never 

completed the recommended drug treatment. Although Mother points to evidence that she 

remained in one treatment program for 10 days, the caseworker and Mother herself contradicted 

that evidence by testifying that Mother remained in that program for only a few hours. Mother 

also testified that she never completed a mental health or substance abuse treatment program. 

She even admitted using drugs during this case, while she was pregnant with her fourteenth 

child. Moreover, Mother attended less than half of the visits that were scheduled with her 

children during this case. When Mother did attend visits, they were much more chaotic than 

when Father attended alone because Mother wanted to be fun and did not discipline the 

children. 

{¶12} Although Mother wanted to visit the children without Father because she and 

Father did not get along, LCCS kept their visits together. In addition to the fact that Mother did 

not regularly attend the scheduled visits, for reasons other than failing to get along with Father, 

the agency explained to Mother that she would need to get along with Father if either one of 
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them were to receive legal custody of the children because the other parent would retain residual 

rights to visitation. 

{¶13} Next, the trial court was required to consider the children’s wishes. Although two 

of the children had expressed a desire to return to Father’s custody, none of the children had 

spoken about returning to Mother’s home. The guardian ad litem, who worked with this family 

throughout this case and had worked with Mother in one of the prior cases involving her older 

children, opined that permanent custody was in the best interest of these children. She 

explained that, for several years, Mother has repeated the same pattern of becoming 

overwhelmed with her life, starting and stopping reunification services, and blaming her 

family’s situation on people other than herself. The guardian expressed concern about Mother’s 

mental health and explained that Mother had not stayed with a mental health provider long 

enough to get a definitive diagnosis or obtain effective treatment. 

{¶14} The children’s custodial history included lengthy periods living away from 

Mother. Through a 2009 case, E.S. was removed from Mother’s custody and placed with 

Father. By the time of the hearing, E.S. had lived outside Mother’s custody for eight years. 

A.C. had also lived outside Mother’s custody during the 2012 case and this case. A.C. and N.S. 

lived outside Mother’s custody throughout this case for nearly two years. 

{¶15} “‘This Court has repeatedly stressed, however, that ‘the time period [outside the 

parent’s custody] in and of itself cannot be held against the parent without considering the 

reasons for it and the implications that it had on this child.’” In re K.H., 9th Dist. Summit No. 

27952, 2016-Ohio-1330, ¶ 19, quoting In re I.A., 9th Dist. Summit No. 26642, 2013-Ohio-360, 

¶ 20, In re C.M., 9th Dist. Summit No. 21372, 2003-Ohio-5040, ¶ 16, and In re Smith, 9th Dist. 

Summit No. 20711, 2002 Ohio App. LEXIS 2, *13 (Jan. 2, 2002). During the time that the 
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children had lived outside Mother’s custody, Mother had done little to resolve her parenting 

problems. The children, on the other hand, had moved between temporary placements and were 

in need of a legally secure permanent home. 

{¶16} LCCS had considered several relatives for placement, but had been unable to find 

any who were willing and able to provide any of these children with a suitable home. Both 

parents continued to struggle with substance abuse and other problems and were unable to 

provide the children with a stable home. The trial court reasonably concluded that a legally 

permanent placement would be achieved by granting LCCS permanent custody. 

{¶17} Mother has failed to demonstrate that the trial court’s permanent custody decision 

was not supported by the evidence. Her assignment of error is overruled. 

III. 

{¶18} Mother’s assignment of error is overruled. The judgment of the Lorain County 

Court of Common Pleas, Juvenile Division, is affirmed. 

Judgment affirmed. 

 

 There were reasonable grounds for this appeal. 

 We order that a special mandate issue out of this Court, directing the Court of Common 

Pleas, County of Lorain, State of Ohio, to carry this judgment into execution. A certified copy of 

this journal entry shall constitute the mandate, pursuant to App.R. 27. 

 Immediately upon the filing hereof, this document shall constitute the journal entry of 

judgment, and it shall be file stamped by the Clerk of the Court of Appeals at which time the 

period for review shall begin to run. App.R. 22(C). The Clerk of the Court of Appeals is 
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instructed to mail a notice of entry of this judgment to the parties and to make a notation of the 

mailing in the docket, pursuant to App.R. 30. 

 Costs taxed to Appellant. 

 

 THOMAS A. TEODOSIO 

 FOR THE COURT 

SCHAFER, P. J. 

CALLAHAN, J. 

CONCUR. 

APPEARANCES: 

DENISE FERGUSON, Attorney at Law, for Appellant. 

DENNIS P. WILL, Prosecuting Attorney, and DANIELLELA BEARDEN, Assistant 

Prosecuting Attorney, for Appellee. 

JUSTIN MILLER, Attorney at Law for Appellee. 

ROSEMARY MAHL, Guardian ad Litem.