390 

OFFICE OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL OF TEXAS 

AUSTIN 

co&ml, Tmx8r 

au art oplafoa lo. o-64 

lb1 aothu M 

urn hue Jorrr roqw#t for 

“of *hother or Qot a5 ofifuia 

1.2.8llf quufr and aat aB Cl 

br the Citr Comimlowr~ not 

osboth0rth0~ 

lolr of the State 

ro Ytui41 uo pov1d.d 

OfSlelal oourt ropoptwr we moridod for by hrtlQh 2321, et ma*, B* c. b., 1935. ArtLo 2% provldmr 

l ah dlstrlet md rrimlml dlatriat 

wu l gpsint M 0friofmi 00wt nwrt*r d! 

W 

0 ahO1 

b e l IR)orQ offloc of the aourt u&d -11 hold p 

o flic . dwlq th8 p lW8ur . Of zbr QO=t. l l l 
Ronora8k John 0. lhrrla, m 2 

oath “that 

hr810lo 23= ~oadaa fw uw rrpoPtu'0 taklag SO 

ha rlll ~011 l c¶ truly la aa iqYrtla1 mnnar keep 

8 cornet roaopd of all l v%dmaa orfarad ln w@h ema reportad by hlwR A~tlcla 2324 makes it tb dutf ot tba reporter 

to *ttoti all waaloaa or Lb* oourt~ to taka full rhorw 

Mk@ ofallarul t*atl8aayalfuadlao~aew t?m La 

-ld a-ta to6aUur rith all objaatloaa to t&a admiaolblllt~ 

o f the lvUoaoo, tha rall~a aad rowka of the aourt, and 

a ll l xktoptloor~ to poauta &ll akorthand no800 tabal to 

furmiah any praoa a trumrlpt lrgoo tha gepaa8 of foes porued bT l&u. %Se onaula6 8rtlolar povlda Ior tha roportu*a 

oorprarrrtleauulu~owr 

Pubnpr the moat exhauatlva amd oomprahonal~a rovi011 or tba authoritloa 00 t&a quaatiorr of ctvil 0fri000 apgmur 10 stOt8 0i Ho fM nO l rrl. Julius lkrmr vr R. 1. 

Hauklar, 2S? Pac. all, 53 A. L. R. 58% ti quoto thuofra 

00 r0ii000 8 

*There us a 

a 

oat many juillai41aulaiosra 

deehill tha rord officol or tha uorda lpubUo 

The aubjoot la an old oae, ad tha daall lo r u estrnd far Wok. 8ooa or tha do81010R0 

l traaa OIU teat; othuo ama othu. lbwuor, la 

maarll 8ll bra round aertaln l m0 tOotwO that 

at8od out gwmUwbt1y. Toquoto irO8al l urrllkad 

would ortond this o9ioloo mush bapnd raammabla 

lon#h. Emovar, vo &all qwta hero froll sow 

doolaioaa aad doiinitioru uhlob lllaotrete, to 

aofm oxtoot, tbr varleua aaaaotiala of publie ofi100, l m#i8aiwd br tha oourta 8wl othar author1ti.0, maa rhish l t8to l oII Of the thf~o tbt 

hava boo bald Paqulalto. 

"IAn &f&a* 1~ deflwd by pod l Ahorltv aa 

tivolv.riog b dalogatloa to tha indlvldcul of l o= 

or C& l oruolgn fwlatioaa of ptarammt, to ba 
Moauabls Joha 0. Morris, pago 3 

l ëuhua . . * tk a ofU.aar l xuelra lmp mta a t 

public dutiaa uhd be delepkd to him aone or t~u 

fuwtlooa of eowramaat W his oiS:oe la ior l 

flxad Cur aad tha pouara, dutlaa aud a8olumanta 

koow raakd ia l l naoeaao~ uhaa tha orfioe k- aowoyaat~ auab u offlai8l rry pro 

se lie ortloar 1 lUshlo *, PE 

r4 k 

215 Pa. 

-1-8 

r~P6 L.&A. (1. 8.) 289, tr A&l. 430. 

“Uls d~t~a must rot k mm 

th0W 0EQ Of 88 -Et or YPUat, Y 

alerl6a1, 0 

tit aunt k prtamad in tba axaoutlaa or admloiatr~tioa of tba 

lav, la t& l xuolu of pouu aad authority Bel touad br tba kv.’ ACCT. Oaf&. v. TlllUghaat, 

203 Rosa. 539, 93, 89 1I.B. 1060, 17 &a. Coo. 449. 

l . . . . 

“The moo8 &mars1 distinctlam OS a publfa offlu0 la, that it eabrwea tl’u mriorwnoe by the 

loomhat of a publio fuaatloa delegated to him 

00 l gut of tha l orwalgnt~ of tkw atata. ) Stata 

“‘mr~ olilaa w&at tha Cmatftutlon Sm$+llaa 

ma 4uthorlt~ to aurolaa l ?sy partioa elf tha 

aovuotgn pouor of tb •trt:Le~lt; in makin& 

l xooutm or bd8lnlate~l 

3 

Olmatssd v. 

Mu York, X0 Joaor L 8. 4 1. 

l l . . . 

apnotlo811y 411 of tha wthorltiaa, houvar, 

&old that to UL alfloor OPa paatad l ou of tha 

aovar*iga poua~a of tha govorammt, Co be exerolaad for tha baoilt of tin publlo. Thaf hold, 

- 
I 

393 

Baro&blo Joba 0. Barrrla, pp 4 

"The tom l afftiom ~laa l dologatloa 02 a 

paPtiM of tha aovu*lsa powuB sad tha paawaaioa ' 

dOfhltlM WrbO rlth 18 0% vi to&al s ;t$$: 

of it b7 tb porrolr tlllw tb8 ofilao. 

l P ldoa ChOt tha parru dol**td #rat k arolaad 0 

tbe,m~r~n b his mm rQht sad set io, mothar*a 

8taCo Me ml. wa ve Chrlatua, 104 

ewe) 

Ths MY of RWtaoa we RI&la Oouaty, 84 8. w. 1097, 

uoaa mda~~tadlPQf,~~ 84. *hat &at la lm all rtarial 

roamata mraUo1 to tBa palalooa or tha paaoat l tatukaa, 

noted ottova. RoWoloP, tha 19OY Aot a&d tha torr 'otiLola1 

l t@ wg r@p h1WtaOd a ?í Of 'otfioial P@port@r.m The &t pwgdl d for their Wpl.ntmaat by ?&a judges of tha dlatrlat courts, 

cud d4aluad that they should bo %uora olflcara of rho oourt,’ 

aad rbould hold tbrir off100 dwtrrg the glaaauro o? tbr aourt. 

Tha dutlaa raqultod of l a@h oifl.el8lrtoaograp?wr vorq tba 

m as thoaa pwontl7 ?rgpirod Ot UI oitlalal -portor. 

Robartaorr 

r 

fo md auri.aaa sa d l wd the 0ouOtx to 

reoovu a balaaoo al pd to k aw bin thaoafor. Tha omatl dafoPdrd 00, tha &rmmd t&t tha Act of 1903 vaa vlolatlve 

of kotfoo JO ol Artlolo XVI of tbn GoQatltutlon, rhInh provides %hat tb duratloa ot 011 offloes rook fixed by this 

Corratltutiao ahall mvar uoaad tuo four.” Aaaa8uahaatho 

ceurt*a trrgucrga la root lllu8laatlng, 9ra vlll quota frcu It 

more or leaa at lan&h. 

!f& drria1tioa cd the term ‘stfi#e ’ 

as &a*bi I&. Naohar ia hla work oa ?ublle Of?Loopa; la qwted with l pprovel by ow 8upraaa Court 

io tha ammo of Xlrbrot@ vs Raraatt 93 To%. 301, 

55 8. u, SO, sad la 80 ~olloma~ at pub110 offlca 

la tbm tight, l uUmrlt~, l d dutt oroatad and oooforrod by lav, b7 uhlch, for 0 &.kvoa parlod, amar 

f-6 b lBV 02 l dWio (88 l - p h8OwOf th r 

ar~tilypovu,~hdlvld~llaln~at8d~lLha~ 

portionoftha aovue 

% 

ruaotlou of khe 

r 

warnmm:, to ba exaroiaad hla for tho tanal t or 

the oat ooafu upou tha 
Xoaombla Joha 0. Rarrla, plga 5 

orfloa la em l 8ploywo8, it does not follm tbt 

every oeplogmaar la aa offlo~. * ml Ha43ham, 10 

his vork on trrblia Offloua, soya: %a mat impWtMt Obrmto?lOtiO vhleh dlatl~talr&@ aa oftloo from an l qAo~at or aontraat la th8t tha 

artitiom rPa l a a furo! ~ aa offloo t8volv*a l 

dologlrtioa to thv Sndlvldwl of aoma of 8ba cover- 

@* iUMCiOW of gOlo?oIat, to ba l urclwd by 

hi8 ru tha hauflt of the plbll0~ t& t l ema popClw of t& roroPo%gDty or tb eopot?y, .1thep bgla~tlva, uaoutlva, u jvdlalal, l ttaahma Sco tbm 

tlr baiau, to be uaealaad for tha pub118 baaeflt. 

Ualoaa the pouua~ ooafarred are 0s this a8tora 

ladlvldval la not & publla offlau.~ Mou, da 

tha 

the SaaC that tb poaltioa OS l t~no~a~r la 

daalgMtad 1~ tha sot porldima for, 18s oP~8tloo. 

00 an offloo, sad that it deolura that tha 

rho ml ba e8llod to patiara lta duties * &g* 

a sworn offlou al tba oowt, * Uforda aom peaaon 

for datarmlning it to k l wh, still it ia bellevod 

the plaea 900000000 noae of thou aoverolgn funotlon8 of the jvdielal de*twnt of the goverameat to vhleh it rdlataa, to dlatlngtiab 18 from 

a mope employment to glrrorm a apeat servle~, 

under 9ubllu l tlmrlty, for the l aaiatawe,+d aoavanlawe of tha oowt md partlao lltlgaat themusk;;aihloh ao judlvlal dlauvvtlw .w jud@mat La 

. T&JO oreatlon of tlm p0aitlaa, as shown 

br ths varr tarma 0s the a8 t, us0 daalmad for 00 

okhar ~wpbmaa the to &~ovida MP, 601 by Uzntb 

oral l vidorrao offorad, l td o%har pOuaad 

volvw objrotlooa mda to adW.aalbillt~ 9 a tOO~lulo~, the rumig of tha oourt, and l xaaptlcoa 

thereto, afght be wkea -ia ahorthmd, 00 a vthod 

or prmanw t&em mttara as thar oaaurrad, without do&$&n8 trIala, to be 8ftarvarda trarorlbd 

and fumhhad tha oourt and put100 to the cult, 

to aid tha8 :n ma 8uow4ta 8ad p-t pematl0a 

or uw reoord. mba report or tranaorigt 0s the 

prowedlaga by 8bo l tawgraphar 10 sot bLodiarl# 

however, upon th0 OOUPC, @Ed MJ b0 OdO t@~aO;pJeo:ad a: hladla8Patio~. lo set vhf&a & 

th0pimd to do lo lndopandant of Un eootr01 0f 

ot&ra, QC veakd in hill as a l wwer Wv to by 

warolaed *a a rrsbt or mar0 tire or a 

Y 1 

udioirl 

off 100. we OOQO~~ thmt uhf a the poo l: o n o f l 
Boaorabla John 0. Xarrir, pago 6 

395 

ateaopaphu, undo0 tlw l tatutr in thla stab, 

be, in b 88~88, an offloa, end tha term theraof 

ma7 

my oontinua for a loogar period than two pus, 

yet tbara la no ouch l ovuelgn funetlon of govrraaant l nbraaad lo the pouara oonforrod upon tha lad:vlduBl parforming 188 dutlaa 88 brlaga it ulthlu tb, maanlng or tha word ~oftlaa* as used 1st tha 

aaatloa of tha ConatltutOen quota&” 

It 10 dlffloult to proolva h o w l roportor, by vlrtw 

of his not bol 

7 

voatod with w. aoverolgn functions 8Ould 

fall to ba an o floor vlthla t& neanlw or Saetlon 30 and rt 

tba aam tlma bo an officer within t&m maanlng of Sootlou 40. 

The aalar qualltla8 mka a 9araoo aa offloor under both. The 

cola additlotul alamat l peolfled la Seotloa 40 Is that the 

orrica ba ona or l molumont~ 

J 

Us ma not unmindful of oana llka Otto v. Urea, 185 

S. Y. 350, end Dunn v. Allan, 63 S. U. (26) 857, uharela tha 

oourta &TO locurd wrlta oi mandanua to aampal rrportara to 

prepare l tatamata 0s rwt lo a0000 where tha party requeatlng aamu has flled a pupergo oath. Ia the llmltad l eaaa oaf7 

that la naceaaary to rupport a aft 0s mandamus a reporter mey 

be ctmaldued an offlear. iiouavar, It la l xlomtia that 

smndamua lies to enforcr the puformawa of a noa-dlaeratlonary oat or duty; that the writ will iaaw otiy whoa the act 

or duty la ninlrtarlal lo charouter, and not vhea the sot in 

any nuaaura lnvolvaa the uarolaa of dlacretloo or j\rdgUPt. 

28 Tax. Jur. 537, kc. 0. m oat oomandad to ba done la 

not OM vhleh would oonatltute the holder t&roof aa OfffOer 

in t& aanae used la Smatloa 10 of the COEatltUtiOE under the 

authorltlaa above rahrrrd to. 

Yo u us l d?Uad, &erafope, that there la no uonrtltutirwl lnhlbltlon l galoat an offla~l aourt reporter’s 

quallfylng as elty l ttorruJ under an l ppolntuat by the city 

oomlaolonar. 

Ue baliovo that thla ruil~ a.navera~our lapulrr. 

Aa8latant