FI LED U.S. COURT OF APPEALS ELEV ENT H CI RCUI T FEBRUARY 20, 2 009 T HOMAS K . KAHN CLERK [DO NOT PUBLISH] IN THE UN ITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE ELE VENTH CIRCUIT

__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ No. 0 8- 10 02 2

__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ D. C. Dock etNo. 0 7- 10 03 5- CR-KM M UNITED STAT ES OF AMERIC A, Pl ai nt iff -Ap pe ll ee, ve rs us ADRIAN GRANADO-MENA, Defen da nt -Ap pe ll an t.

__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ App eal fro m

th e Uni te d S ta te s Di st ric t Co urt fo r th e So ut he rnDis tri ctof F lo rid a

__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ _ (Feb ru ary 20 , 20 09 ) Befo re EDMONDSON, Ch ie f Ju dg e, an d ANDERSON, Ci rcu itJu dg es , and COHILL,* Di st ric t J ud ge . PER CURI AM:

__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ * Honora ble Mauric e B . Cohill , J r., United States District Judge f or the Western D istrict of Pennsylvania, sitting by

designation.Afte r or al arg um en t an d c aref ul co ns id erat io n, we co nc lu de th atth e jud gm en t o f th e d is tri ctco urt i s due to be affi rm ed . App el lant ’s pri m ary arg um en t on ap pe al is hi s ch al le ng e to th e Gui de li ne sec ti on 2L1 .1(b )(7 )(D) en hanc em en t o n acco un t o f th e d eat h o f on e p ers on who was s ti ll in th e wat er an d was run ov er ei th er b y ap pe ll an t’s b oa t o r by the bo atof the Cuba n b or de r pa tro l. Ap pe ll an t do es no t ch al le ng e h is en ha nc em en t u nd er § 2L1 .1(b )(6 ). Thatsec ti on pro vi de s fo r anen hanc em en t i f th e o ffen se in vo lv edin te nt io na ll y or r eck le ss ly creat in g a subs ta nt ia l ri skof d eat h o r bo di ly inju ry to an ot he r pe rs on . The ch al le ng ed en ha nc em en t –§2 L1.1 (b )(7 )(D) –ap pl ie s: “ If an y pe rs on di ed .” Inth is cas e, ap pe ll an t’s s m ug gl in g o pe rat io n i nv ol ve d a nc ho rin g h is go -fas t bo atoff sh or e o f Cuba , requi rin g t he ali en s t o b e smugg le d t o s wim to th e b oa t. Nin e al ie ns ha d a lre ady

arri ve d a t ap pe ll an t’s b oa t wh enth e Cuba n B or de r Pat ro l ap pe aredan d a tt em

pt edto st op th e o pe rat io n. A num be r of ali en s h adno t yet reac he d app el la nt ’s bo at , andwere s ti ll in th e wat er. Whenap pe ll an t’s b oa t l eft ab rupt ly, an d t he Cuba n B or de r Pat ro l t oo k c ha se , on e o f th e p ers on s s ti ll in th e wate r was ki ll ed . W e rea di ly con cl ud e th atth e p ers on who was k il le d d ie d a s a r es ul t o f th e subs ta nt ia l ri skof d eat h wh ic h was crea te d i nt en ti on al ly or reck le ss ly by ap pe ll an t’s s m

ug gl in g o pe rat io n. Ap pe ll an t co nc ed edth athe in te nt io na ll y or 2reck le ss ly creat eda subs ta nt ia l ri skof d eat h o r se rio us bo di ly inju ry (2L1 .1(b )(6 )); on th es e fac ts , we con cl ud e th atth ere was su ffi ci en t caus al ne xu s b etween th e ri sk an d t he de ath t o fi ndth atth e d eat h re su lt edfro m th atris k a ndforth e d is tri ctco urt to fin d t he enha nc em en t u nd er 2 L1.1 (b )(7 )(D) ap pl ic ab le . 1 App el la nt ’s cha ll en ge to th e rea so nabl en es s o f th e se nt en ce i s wh ol ly wit ho utm eri t an d re

jecte d wi th ou t n eedforfurth er d is cu ss io n. Acco rd in gl y , th e jud gm en t o f th e d is tri ctco urt i s AFFIR MED.

Havingdecide d that there is sufficient ca usal relationship t o dispose of this case , 1 we ne ed not, and do not, inquire more prec isely about the re quired c ausal re lationship. 3