CHAPTER 6. E NERGY U SE C HARACTERIZATION

T ABLE O F C ONTENTS

**6 .1**  **PURPOSE O**  **F TH**  **E D**  **OCUMENT**

**................................................................................. 6­1** 

**6 .2**  **OPERATING H**  **OURS**

**................................ ....................................................................**  **6­1**

**6 .3**  **RESULTS OF**  **T HE**  **EN ERGY**  **USE C**  **HARACTERIZATION**

**..... .................................**  **6­8**

**6 .3.1**  **General S**  **ervice F**  **luorescent L**  **amps**

**............ ........................................................**  **6­8**

**6 .3.2**  **Incandescent R**  **eflector La**  **mps........................................................................... 6­11**

**R EFERENCES** 

**.......................................................................................................................... 6­13** 

L IST O F T ABLES

**Ta ble**  **6 .2.1**  **Average O**  **perating H**  **ours b**  **y S**  **ector a**  **nd L**  **amp T**  **ype.............................................. 6­3** 

**Ta ble**  **6 .2.2**  **Representative O**  **perating H**  **ours U**  **sed i**  **n t**  **he I**  **RL N**  **ational I**  **mpact A**  **nalysis**

**......... 6­4** 

**Ta ble**  **6 .3.1**  **4­Foot M**  **edium B**  **ipin T8**  **GSFL 3**  **­Lamp S**  **ystem P**  **ower R**  **ating a**  **nd A**  **nnual En**  **ergy**

**C onsumption................................................................................................................................**  **6­9**

**Ta ble**  **6 .3.2**  **4­Foot M**  **edium B**  **ipin T1**  **2 G**  **SFL 3**  **­Lamp S**  **ystem P**  **ower R**  **ating a**  **nd A**  **nnual En**  **ergy**

**C onsumption................................................................................................................................**  **6­9**

**Ta ble**  **6 .3.3**  **8­Foot T1**  **2 S**  **ingle­Pin S**  **limline G**  **SFL 2**  **­Lamp S**  **ystem P**  **ower R**  **ating a**  **nd A**  **nnual**

**En ergy**  **C onsumption** 

**................................................................................................................. 6­10** 

**Ta ble**  **6 .3.4**  **8­Foot T8**  **Single­Pin S**  **limline G**  **SFL 2**  **­Lamp S**  **ystem P**  **ower R**  **ating a**  **nd A**  **nnual**

**En ergy**  **C onsumption** 

**................................................................................................................. 6­10** 

**Ta ble**  **6 .3.5**  **8­Foot T1**  **2 R**  **ecessed D**  **ouble C**  **ontact H**  **O G**  **SFL 2**  **­Lamp S**  **ystem P**  **ower R**  **ating a**  **nd**

**A nnual**  **En ergy**  **C onsumption.....................................................................................................**  **6­10**

**Ta ble**  **6 .3.6.**  **8 ­Foot**  **T8 Recessed**  **D ouble**  **C ontact**  **H O**  **G SFL**  **2 ­Lamp**  **S ystem**  **P ower**  **R ating**  **a nd** 

**A nnual**  **En ergy**  **C onsumption.....................................................................................................**  **6­11**

**Ta ble**  **6 .3.7**  **IRL P**  **ower R**  **ating a**  **nd A**  **nnual En**  **ergy C**  **onsumption, 9**  **0PAR38.......................... 6­11** 

**Ta ble**  **6 .3.8**  **IRL P**  **ower R**  **ating a**  **nd A**  **nnual En**  **ergy C**  **onsumption, 7**  **5PAR38.......................... 6­12** 

**Ta ble**  **6 .3.9**  **IRL P**  **ower R**  **ating a**  **nd A**  **nnual En**  **ergy C**  **onsumption, 5**  **0PAR30.......................... 6­12** 

L IST O F F IGURES

**F igure 6.2.1**  **Residential Sector IRL Annual Operating Hour Distribution by Building Type... 6­3**

**F igure**  **6 .2.2**  **Residential S**  **ector I**  **RL A**  **nnual O**  **perating H**  **our D**  **istribution b**  **y R**  **oom T**  **ype**

**....... 6­4** 

**F igure**  **6 .2.3**  **Commercial S**  **ector G**  **SFL A**  **nnual O**  **perating H**  **our D**  **istribution b**  **y B**  **uilding T**  **ype 6** 

**­**

**5**

**F igure**  **6 .2.4**  **Commercial S**  **ector I**  **RL A**  **nnual O**  **perating H**  **our D**  **istribution b**  **y B**  **uilding T**  **ype**

**. 6­6** 

**F igure**  **6 .2.5**  **Industrial S**  **ector G**  **SFL A**  **nnual O**  **perating H**  **our D**  **istribution b**  **y B**  **uilding T**  **ype**

**.. 6­7** 

**F igure**  **6 .2.6**  **Industrial S**  **ector I**  **RL A**  **nnual O**  **perating H**  **our D**  **istribution b**  **y B**  **uilding T**  **ype...... 6­8** 

**6­i**CHAPTER 6. E NERGY U SE C HARACTERIZATION

6 .1 PURPOSE O F T HE D OCUMENT

**Th is**  **c hapter**  **p resents**  **t he**  **m ethodology**  **t he**  **U .S.**  **D epartment**  **o f**  **En ergy**  **( DOE)**  **follows t**  **o**

**e stimate**  **t he**  **a nnual**  **e nergy**  **c onsumption**  **o f**  **t he**  **l amp**  **a nd**  **l amp­and­ballast**  **d esigns**  **D OE** 

**c onsiders**  **i n**  **t he**  **r ulemaking**  **a nalyses.**  **Th e**  **r esults**  **o f**  **t his**  **a nalysis,**  **which r**  **epresent t**  **ypical e**  **nergy**

**c onsumption**  **i n**  **t he**  **f ield,**  **a re**  **c ritical**  **i nputs**  **t o**  **t he**  **l ife­cycle**  **c ost**  **( LCC)**  **a nd**  **p ayback**  **p eriod** 

**( PBP)**  **a nalyses,**  **described i**  **n C**  **hapter 8** 

**, a**  **nd t**  **he n**  **ational i**  **mpact a**  **nalysis (**  **NIA), d**  **escribed i**  **n**

**C hapter**  **1 0.**  **D OE**  **n eeds**  **i nformation**  **o n**  **a nnual**  **e nergy**  **c onsumption**  **t o**  **d etermine**  **t he**  **p otential** 

**e nergy**  **a nd**  **op erating**  **c ost**  **s avings**  **t o**  **c onsumers**  **f rom**  **t he**  **u se**  **o f**  **m ore**  **e fficient**  **e quipment.** 

**D OE**  **d etermines**  **t he**  **a nnual**  **e nergy**  **c onsumption**  **o f**  **t he**  **l amp**  **a nd**  **l amp­and­ballast** 

**d esigns**  **u sing**  **i nformation**  **o n**  **t heir**  **r ated**  **p ower**  **( i.e.,**  **the r**  **ate o**  **f e**  **nergy t**  **hey c**  **onsume) a**  **nd t**  **he**

**w ay**  **c onsumers**  **u se**  **t hem**  **( i.e.,**  **operating h**  **ours p**  **er y**  **ear). Th**  **e e**  **ngineering a**  **nalysis (**  **Chapter 5**  **)**

**d iscusses**  **t he**  **p ower**  **r atings**  **o f**  **l amp**  **a nd**  **l amp­and­ballast**  **d esigns.**  **Th e**  **f ollowing**  **s ections** 

**d iscuss**  **t he**  **i nputs**  **a nd**  **c alculations**  **D OE**  **u ses**  **t o**  **d evelop**  **annual op**  **erating h**  **ours a**  **nd a**  **nnual**

**e nergy**  **c onsumption**  **f or**  **t he**  **p roducts**  **c onsidered**  **i n**  **t his**  **a nalysis.** 

6 .2 OPERATING H OURS

**To characterize**  **t he**  **c ountry’s**  **a verage**  **u se**  **o f**  **l ighting**  **f or**  **a typical**  **y ear,**  **D OE**  **d evelops** 

**a nnual**  **op erating**  **h ours**  **b y**  **s ector**  **a nd**  **l amp**  **c ategory**  **( i.e.,**  **general s**  **ervice f**  **luorescent l**  **amps**

**( GSFL)**  **a nd**  **i ncandescent**  **r eflector**  **l amps**  **( IRL)).**  **F or**  **t he**  **L CC,**  **D OE**  **a ccounts**  **f or**  **v ariability**  **i n** 

**op erating**  **h ours**  **b y**  **d eveloping**  **a distribution**  **o f**  **op erating**  **h ours**  **f or**  **t he**  **L CC**  **s preadsheet.**  **Th e** 

**op erating**  **h our**  **d istributions**  **c apture**  **v ariation**  **a cross**  **1 3**  **c ensus**  **d ivisions**  **a nd**  **l arge**  **S tates,** 

**b uilding**  **t ypes,**  **and l**  **amps f**  **or a**  **ll s**  **ectors. a** 

**In conjunction**  **w ith**  **d ata**  **f rom**  **t he**  **U .S.**  **L ighting**  **M arket**  **C haracterization:**  **V olume**  **I**

**1 (LMC), DOE**  **u ses**  **d ata**  **f rom**  **t he**  **En ergy**  **I nformation**  **A dministration’s**  **( EIA)**  **2 003**  **C ommercial** 

**2 Building**  **En ergy**  **S urvey**  **( 2003**  **C BECS), 2001**  **R esidential**  **En ergy**  **C onsumption**  **S urvey**  **( 2001** 

**3 4**  **RECS), and 2**  **002 M**  **anufacturer En**  **ergy C**  **onsumption S**  **urvey (**  **2002 M**  **ECS). These E**  **IA**

**s tudies**  **p rovide**  **i nformation**  **o n**  **t he**  **d istribution**  **o f**  **U .S.**  **buildings b**  **y b**  **uilding t**  **ype a**  **nd c**  **ensus**

**d ivision.**  **Th e**  **L MC,**  **w hich**  **i s**  **b ased**  **o n**  **t housands**  **o f**  **b uilding**  **a udits**  **a nd**  **s urveys,**  **provides**

**n ational­level**  **d ata**  **o n**  **a nnual**  **op erating**  **h ours**  **b y**  **b uilding**  **t ype**  **a nd**  **l amp**  **t ype**  **f or**  **a ll**  **s ectors.** 

**Th ese**  **op erating**  **h ours**  **a re**  **b roken**  **d own**  **b y**  **a pplication**  **f or**  **t he**  **c ommercial**  **a nd**  **i ndustrial**  **s ectors,** 

**b and**  **r oom**  **t ype**  **f or**  **t he**  **r esidential**  **s ector.** 

**a Census**  **d ivisions**  **i nclude**  **N ew**  **E ngland,**  **M iddle**  **Atlantic, E**  **ast N**  **orth Central,**  **West N**  **orth Central,**  **South Atlantic,** 

**E ast**  **S outh**  **C entral,**  **West S**  **outh C**  **entral, Mountain,**  **an d**  **P acific.**  **L arge**  **S tates**  **include C**  **alifornia, F**  **lorida, N**  **ew Y**  **ork,**

**a nd**  **T exas.**  **S ectors**  **in clude**  **r esidential,**  **commercial, a**  **nd in**  **dustrial.**

**b Residential**  **s ector**  **r oom**  **t ypes**  **in clude**  **b athroom,**  **b edroom,**  **c loset,**  **dining r**  **oom, f**  **amily r**  **oom, g**  **arage, h**  **all, kitchen,** 

**liv ing**  **r oom,**  **o ffice,**  **o utdoor,**  **u tility**  **r oom,**  **a nd**  **o ther.**  **C ommercial**  **a nd**  **in dustrial**  **s ector**  **a pplications**  **i nclude** 

**a ssembly,**  **a thletic,**  **b athroom,**  **b oarding,**  **c lass,**  **d ining,**  **d isplay,**  **e xit,**  **ext­archi, ext­park,**  **e xit­sign,**  **e xterior,**  **f ood** 

**p reparation,**  **h all,**  **healthcare, o**  **ffice, s**  **hip/rec, s**  **hop, s**  **torage, ta**  **sk, u**  **nknown, a**  **nd u**  **tility.**

**6 ­1** **DOE a**  **ssociates L**  **MC op**  **erating h**  **our d**  **ata b**  **y b**  **uilding t**  **ype w**  **ith E**  **IA d**  **ata b**  **y b**  **uilding**

**t ype**  **a nd**  **c ensus**  **d ivision**  **t o**  **d erive**  **a nnual**  **op erating**  **h ours**  **b y**  **c ensus**  **d ivision**  **a nd**  **l arge**  **S tates.** 

**Th is**  **a llows**  **D OE**  **t o**  **c orrelate**  **t he**  **e lectricity**  **p rice**  **d istribution**  **( Chapter**  **8 ),**  **a nd**  **s ales**  **t ax** 

**d istribution**  **( Chapter**  **7 )**  **w ith**  **t he**  **op erating**  **h our**  **d istribution**  **b y**  **c ensus**  **d ivision**  **a nd**  **l arge**  **S tates** 

**i n**  **t he**  **L CC**  **s preadsheet.**  **Th e**  **f ollowing**  **p aragraphs**  **d escribe**  **d ata**  **s ources**  **D OE**  **u ses**  **t o**  **d evelop** 

**annual op**  **erating h**  **ours b**  **y s**  **ector.**

**F or**  **t he**  **r esidential**  **s ector,**  **D OE**  **u ses**  **R ECS**  **b uilding**  **d ata**  **a nd**  **L MC**  **r esidential**  **s ector** 

**op erating**  **h our**  **d ata**  **t o**  **d evelop**  **a d**  **istribution o**  **f a**  **nnual op**  **erating h**  **ours f**  **or I**  **RL. Th**  **e 2**  **001 R**  **ECS**

**d ata**  **i ndicates**  **t he**  **p robability**  **t hat**  **a certain**  **b uilding**  **t ype**  **r esides**  **w ithin**  **a census**  **d ivision.**  **Th e** 

**L MC**  **i ndicates**  **t he**  **o ccurrence**  **o f**  **c ertain**  **r oom**  **t ypes**  **w ithin**  **a given**  **b uilding**  **t ype**  **a nd**  **t he** 

**op erating**  **h our**  **c haracteristics**  **o f**  **I RL**  **i n**  **t hese**  **r ooms.**  **B y**  **u sing**  **p robabilities**  **d erived**  **f rom**  **R ECS,** 

**t he**  **L CC**  **m odel**  **s elects**  **a building**  **o f**  **a certain**  **t ype**  **a nd**  **c ensus**  **d ivision**  **o r**  **l arge**  **S tate.**  **D OE**  **t hen** 

**u ses**  **a ggregated**  **d ata**  **f rom**  **t he**  **L MC**  **t o**  **a ssociate**  **a verage**  **a nnual**  **op erating**  **h ours**  **p er**  **b uilding** 

**t ype.**  **D OE**  **c hose**  **t o**  **a ggregate**  **op erating**  **h our**  **d ata**  **to the**  **b uilding**  **l evel,**  **r ather**  **t han**  **a t**  **t he**  **r oom** 

**l evel,**  **because D**  **OE believes**  **i t**  **m ore**  **c losely**  **r epresents**  **t he**  **i mpact**  **o n**  **a n**  **i ndividual**  **c onsumer.** 

**H owever,**  **D OE**  **d oes**  **u se**  **op erating**  **h our**  **d ata**  **a t**  **t he**  **r oom**  **l evel**  **t o**  **p erform**  **L CC**  **s ensitivity**  **r esults** 

**( Appendix**  **8 B).** 

**D OE**  **d oes**  **n ot**  **d evelop**  **an op**  **erating h**  **our d**  **istribution f**  **or G**  **SFL i**  **n t**  **he r**  **esidential s**  **ector**

**f or**  **t wo**  **r easons.**  **F irst,**  **D OE**  **d oes**  **n ot**  **a nalyze**  **G SFL**  **i n**  **t he**  **r esidential**  **s ector;**  **s econd,**  **t he**  **L MC** 

**d oes**  **n ot**  **p rovide**  **d ata**  **o n**  **t his**  **l amp**  **t ype**  **i n**  **t his**  **s ector.**  **I f**  **D OE**  **d etermined**  **t hat**  **a nalysis**  **i n**  **t his** 

**s ector**  **w ere**  **n ecessary,**  **i t**  **c ould**  **u se**  **t he**  **d istribution**  **o f**  **op erating**  **h ours**  **o f**  **G SIL,**  **w hich**  **m ay** 

**a**

**pproximate t**  **he op**  **erating h**  **our p**  **rofile o**  **f G**  **SFL i**  **n th**  **e r**  **esidential s**  **ector. A**  **lternatively, D**  **OE**

**c ould**  **d evelop**  **a d**  **istribution o**  **f op**  **erating h**  **ours f**  **rom a**  **nother d**  **ata s**  **ource.**

**D OE**  **u ses**  **a similar**  **a pproach**  **t o**  **d evelop**  **a d**  **istribution o**  **f a**  **nnual op**  **erating h**  **ours i**  **n t**  **he**

**c ommercial**  **s ector**  **f or**  **G SFL**  **a nd**  **I RL.**  **H owever,**  **i nstead**  **o f**  **r oom**  **t ype,**  **D OE**  **a ggregates**  **L MC** 

**a nnual**  **op erating**  **h our**  **d ata**  **b y**  **a pplication**  **t o**  **d evelop**  **a verage**  **a nnual**  **op erating**  **h ours**  **b y**  **b uilding** 

**t ype.**  **Th e**  **2 003**  **C BECS**  **d ata**  **i ndicates**  **t he**  **p robability**  **a certain**  **b uilding**  **t ype**  **i n**  **a certain**  **c ensus** 

**d ivision**  **e xists.**  **O nce**  **t he**  **L CC**  **m odel**  **s elects**  **a building,**  **D OE**  **a ssociates**  **t he**  **a ggregated**  **L MC** 

**a nnual**  **op erating**  **h our**  **a verage**  **w ith**  **t he**  **b uilding**  **t ype**  **s elected.**  **L ike**  **t he**  **r esidential**  **s ector,**  **D OE** 

**c hose**  **t o**  **a ggregate**  **L MC**  **op erating**  **h our**  **d ata**  **t o**  **t he**  **b uilding**  **l evel**  **f or**  **t he**  **c ommercial**  **a nd** 

**i ndustrial**  **s ectors**  **b ecause**  **D OE**  **believes i**  **t m**  **ore c**  **losely r**  **epresents t**  **he i**  **mpact o**  **n c**  **onsumers.**

**To develop**  **a d**  **istribution o**  **f a**  **nnual op**  **erating h**  **ours i**  **n t**  **he i**  **ndustrial s**  **ector, D**  **OE u**  **ses a**  **n**

**a**

**pproach c**  **onsistent w**  **ith t**  **hat u**  **sed f**  **or t**  **he c**  **ommercial s**  **ector. Th**  **e 2**  **002 M**  **ECS d**  **ata i**  **ndicates t**  **he**

**p robability**  **a certain**  **b uilding**  **t ype**  **e xists.**  **D OE**  **a ggregates**  **L MC**  **a nnual**  **op erating**  **h our**  **d ata**  **b y** 

**i ndustrial**  **a pplication**  **t o**  **d evelop**  **average a**  **nnual o**  **perating h**  **ours b**  **y b**  **uilding t**  **ype. O**  **nce t**  **he**

**m odel**  **s elects**  **a building,**  **D OE**  **a ssociates**  **t he**  **a ggregated**  **L MC**  **op erating**  **h our**  **a verage**  **w ith**  **t he** 

**b uilding**  **t ype**  **s elected.**  **B ecause**  **M ECS**  **d oes**  **n ot**  **p rovide**  **t he**  **l ocation**  **o f**  **i ndustrial**  **s ector** 

**b uildings,**  **DOE u**  **ses p**  **opulation i**  **nformation f**  **rom t**  **he 2**  **007 c**  **ensus t**  **o e**  **stablish t**  **he p**  **robability**

**t hat**  **a certain**  **i ndustrial**  **b uilding**  **e xists**  **i n**  **a certain**  **c ensus**  **d ivision**  **o r**  **l arge**  **S tate.**  **Ta ble**  **6 .2.1** 

**summarizes t**  **he w**  **eighted a**  **verage op**  **erating h**  **ours p**  **er l**  **amp t**  **ype p**  **er s**  **ector.**

**6­2**Table 6 .2.1 Average O perating H ours b y S ector a nd L amp T ype

Sector L amp T ype A verage A nnual O perating H ours

h rs/year

**R esidential**  **I RL**  **8 84** 

**C ommercial**  **G SFL**  **3 ,435** 

**I RL**  **3 ,450** 

**I ndustrial**  **G SFL**  **4 ,795** 

**I RL**  **4 ,664** 

**Figure 6**  **.2.1 displays**  **t he**  **v ariety**  **o f**  **a nnual**  **op erating**  **h ours**  **D OE**  **u ses**  **f or**  **I RL**  **i n**  **t he** 

**r esidential**  **s ector.**  **D OE**  **u ses**  **t hese**  **a nnual**  **op erating**  **h ours**  **i n**  **t he**  **L CC**  **c alculation.** 

5

4 3 2

1

0% 10% 2 0% 3 0% 4 0% 5 0% 6 0% 7 0%ResidentialSectorIRLProbability 1: Mobile h ome

2 : S ingle­family d etached

3 : S ingle­family a ttached

4 : M ultifamily 2 ­4 u nits

5 : M ultifamily > 4 units

863 9 29 8 91 7 98 7 65

A nnual O perating H ours by B uilding T ype ( hrs/year)

Figure 6 .2.1 Residential S ector I RL A nnual O perating H our D istribution b y B uilding

T ype

**B ecause**  **t he**  **N IA**  **d oes**  **n ot**  **u se**  **M onte**  **C arlo**  **a nalysis,**  **i t**  **d oes**  **n ot**  **t ypically**  **u se**  **a**

**distribution o**  **f d**  **ata f**  **or i**  **ts i**  **nputs. H**  **owever, i**  **n t**  **he N**  **IA, D**  **OE u**  **ses s**  **everal v**  **alues f**  **or t**  **he a**  **nnual**

**op erating**  **h ours**  **f or**  **l onger­lived**  **I RL**  **r eplacement**  **t echnologies**  **(** i .e.

**, reflector**  **C FL).**  **D OE**  **u ses** 

**m ultiple**  **a nnual**  **op erating**  **h ours**  **f or**  **t hese**  **l onger­lived**  **l amps**  **b ecause**  **t he**  **v ariation**  **i n**  **op erating** 

**h ours**  **h as**  **a greater**  **i mpact**  **o n**  **t heir**  **s ervice**  **l ifetimes.**  **A more**  **a ccurate**  **r epresentation**  **o f**  **t he**  **r ange** 

**o f**  **s ervice**  **l ifetimes**  **o f**  **t hese**  **l amps**  **a llows**  **f or**  **a better**  **p rojection**  **o f**  **s hipments**  **b y**  **s preading**  **o ut** 

**t he**  **r eplacement**  **c ycle**  **a ppropriately.**  **D OE**  **d oes**  **n ot**  **use m**  **ultiple a**  **nnual op**  **erating h**  **ours f**  **or I**  **RL**

**o r**  **G SFL**  **b ecause**  **t he**  **op erating**  **h ours**  **d o**  **n ot**  **c reate**  **a s**  **l arge**  **a spread**  **i n**  **s ervice**  **l ifetimes.** 

**6­3 To**  **estimate f**  **ive o**  **f t**  **he m**  **ost l**  **ikely a**  **nnual op**  **erating h**  **our c**  **haracteristics o**  **f I**  **RL i**  **n t**  **he**

**r esidential**  **s ector,**  **D OE**  **u ses**  **i nformation**  **f rom**  **a residential**  **I RL**  **a nnual**  **op erating**  **h our** 

**d istribution**  **b y**  **r oom**  **t ype**  **d eveloped**  **w ith**  **d ata**  **f rom**  **L MC**  **a nd**  **R ECS**  **( Figure**  **6 .2.2).**  **D OE**  **u ses** 

**t he**  **m ean**  **( 884**  **h rs/year)**  **a nd**  **s tandard**  **d eviation**  **( 230**  **h rs/year)**  **o f**  **t his**  **d istribution**  **t o**  **d evelop**  **a**

**n ormal**  **d istribution.**  **F rom**  **t his**  **n ormal**  **d istribution,**  **D OE**  **s elects**  **f ive**  **d ifferent**  **a nnual**  **op erating** 

**h ours**  **t o**  **r epresent**  **t he**  **a nnual**  **op erating**  **h ours**  **o f**  **a pproximately**  **2 0**  **p ercent**  **o f**  **r esidential**  **I RL** 

**s ockets.**  **Ta ble**  **6 .2.2**  **lists t**  **he f**  **ive a**  **nnual op**  **erating h**  **ours D**  **OE u**  **ses i**  **n t**  **he N**  **IA.**

25%

2 0%

1 5%ResidentialSectorIRLProbability

10%

5 %

0 %10881027989921864720673665617577513453441414403382299183

Annual Op erating H ours ( hrs/year)

Figure 6 .2.2 Residential S ector I RL A nnual O perating H our D istribution b y R oom T ype

T able 6 .2.2 Representative O perating H ours U sed i n t he I RL N ational I mpact A nalysis

Percentage o f I RL S ockets

% IRL A nnual O perating H ours

h rs/year

**2 0**  **5 90** 

**2 0**  **7 64** 

**2 0**  **8 84** 

**2 0**  **1 ,005** 

**2 0**  **1 ,179** 

**Figure 6**  **.2.3 and**  **F igure**  **6 .2.4**  **display t**  **he a**  **nnual o**  **perating h**  **our d**  **istributions f**  **or**

**G SFL**  **a nd**  **I RL,**  **r espectively,**  **op erating**  **i n**  **t he**  **c ommercial**  **s ector.**  **D OE**  **u ses**  **t his**  **d istribution**  **o f** 

**6­4**91: Other **annual op**  **erating h**  **ours i**  **n t**  **he L**  **CC c**  **alculation. D**  **OE d**  **oes n**  **ot u**  **se a**  **set o**  **f a**  **nnual op**  **erating**

**h ours**  **f or**  **I RL**  **o r**  **G SFL**  **b ecause**  **t he**  **l onger**  **op erating**  **h ours**  **d o**  **n ot**  **c reate**  **a s**  **l arge**  **a spread**  **i n**  **t he** 

**s ervice**  **l ifetime.**  **I nstead,**  **D OE**  **u ses**  **t he**  **w eighted­average**  **a nnual**  **op erating**  **h ours**  **f or**  **t hese**  **l amps** 

**i n**  **t he**  **N IA.** 

20%CommercialSectorGSFLProbability 18%

1 6%

1 4%

1 2%

1 0%

8 %

6 %

4 %

2 %

0 % 2 1:

2: Vacant

Office 8: Outpatient health care

11: Refrigerated warehouse 16: Inpatient health care

17: Nursing

4:

5: Laboratory

Nonrefrigerated warehouse 12: Religious worship

13: Public as sembly 18: Lodging

25: Retail other than

6:

7: Food sales

Public or der and safety 14: Education

15: Food service m all

26: Service

5 26

25

14 12

15 13

1 6

7 8 18

91

4 16 11 173,5453,6864,9733,4605,2243,5703,3313,8191,7052,5702,6434,5985,7514,3853,7803,6813,3943,638

Annual O perating H ours by B uilding T ype ( hrs/year)

Figure 6 .2.3 Commercial S ector G SFL A nnual O perating H our D istribution b y B uilding

T ype

**6­5**15: Food service 91: OtherCommercialSectorIRLProbability 20%

1 8%

1 6%

1 4%

1 2%

1 0%

8 %

6 %

4 %

2 %

0 % 2

5: Nonrefrigerated warehouse

Public or der and safety 4: 1: Vacant

2: Office

6: Food sales Laboratory warehouse 8: Outpatient health care

11: Refrigerated

12: Religious worship

13: Public as sembly 18: Lodging 16: Inpatient health care

17: Nursing

25: Retail other than

mall

26: Service 7:

5 14: Education

26

25

14 12

15 13

1 6

7 8 18

91

4 11 16 173,5983,7124,9933,3995,3373,4253,3893,5581,6092,6592,7614,5725,8514,2543,6533,7633,3973,747

Annual O perating H ours by B uilding T ype ( hrs/year)

Figure 6 .2.4 Commercial S ector I RL A nnual O perating H our D istribution b y B uilding

T ype

**F igure**  **6 .2.5**  **and F**  **igure 6**  **.2.6 display**  **t he**  **a nnual**  **o perating**  **h our**  **d istribution**  **f or**  **G SFL**  **a nd** 

**I RL**  **op erating**  **i n**  **t he**  **i ndustrial**  **s ector.**  **D OE**  **u ses**  **t his**  **d istribution**  **o f**  **a nnual**  **op erating**  **h ours**  **i n** 

**t he**  **L CC**  **c alculation.**  **A s**  **w ith**  **t he**  **c ommercial**  **s ector,**  **D OE**  **d oes**  **n ot**  **u se**  **s everal**  **v alues**  **f or**  **t he** 

**a nnual**  **op erating**  **h ours**  **f or**  **I RL**  **o r**  **G SFL**  **i n**  **t he**  **i ndustrial**  **s ector**  **b ecause**  **t he**  **l onger**  **op erating** 

**h ours**  **d o**  **n ot**  **c reate**  **a s**  **l arge**  **a spread**  **i n**  **s ervice**  **l ifetimes.**  **I nstead,**  **D OE**  **u ses**  **t he**  **w eighted** 

**average a**  **nnual op**  **erating h**  **ours f**  **or t**  **he i**  **ndustrial s**  **ector i**  **n t**  **he N**  **IA.**

**6­6**20%IndustrialSectorGSFLProbability 34 18%

1 6%

1 4%

1 2%

27

10% 2 0

. F o o d & k i n d r e d

products

21. Tobacco

22. Textile m ill

23. Apparel & other

textile pr oducts

24. Lumber & w ood

products

25. Furniture &

26. Paper & al lied 28. Chemicals & allied prorducts

fixtures

products 27. Printing & publ ishing

products

29. Petroleum & c oal products

30. Rubber & m iscellaneous

plastics pr oducts

31. Leather and leather

products

32. Stone, clay & gl ass

pr oducts

33. Primary m etal industries 34. Fabricated metal

35. Industrial

machinery & equip.

36. Electronic & other

electric equi p.

37. Transportation

equip.

38. Instruments &

r elated products.

39. Miscellaneous

35 20

8%

32 6% 30 24 25

36 28

37 4%

22 23

31 29 26 33 38 2%

21

0%5,8695,0914,9113,6475,7073,8885,8935,3235,2745,3005,4754,5165,3875,6804,0325,1674,4545,9763,5922,831

Annual O perating H ours b y B uilding T ype ( hrs/year)

Figure 6 .2.5 Industrial S ector G SFL A nnual O perating H our D istribution b y B uilding

T ype

**6­7** 3920%IndustrialSectorIRLProbability 34 18%

1 6%

1 4%

1 2%

27

10%

35 20

8%

32 6% 30 24 25

36 28

37 4%

22 23

26 33 38 2% 29

31 21

0% 2 0

. F o o d & k i n d r e d

products

21. Tobacco

22. Textile m ill

23. Apparel & other

textile pr oducts

24. Lumber & w ood

products

25. Furniture &

fixtures

26. Paper & al lied

products 27. Printing & publ ishing 34. Fabricated metal

28. Chemicals & allied

products

29. Petroleum & c oal products

30. Rubber & m iscellaneous

plastics pr oducts

31. Leather and leather

products

32. Stone, clay & gl ass

pr oducts

33. Primary m etal industries prorducts

35. Industrial

machinery & equip.

36. Electronic & other

electric equi p.

37. Transportation

equip.

38. Instruments &

r elated products.

39. Miscellaneous6,1654,4454,6153,2635,6993,9045,5363,6254,8204,7105,4134,2594,7415,5064,3754,7464,9876,2214,6963,261

Annual O perating H ours b y B uilding T ype ( hrs/year)

Figure 6 .2.6 Industrial S ector I RL A nnual O perating H our D istribution b y B uilding T ype

6 .3 RESULTS O F T HE E NERGY U SE C HARACTERIZATION

**Th is**  **s ection**  **p resents**  **t he**  **a nnual**  **e nergy**  **u se**  **e stimates**  **f or**  **G SFL**  **a nd**  **I RL.**  **D OE**  **c alculates** 

**t he**  **a nnual**  **e nergy**  **c onsumption**  **u sing**  **a nnual**  **op erating**  **h ours**  **a nd**  **p ower**  **r ating**  **e stimates.**  **Th e** 

**a nnual**  **e nergy**  **c onsumption**  **r esults**  **u se**  **a verage**  **a nnual**  **op erating**  **h ours.**  **D OE**  **u ses**  **t he**  **a nnual** 

**e nergy**  **c onsumption**  **r esults**  **i n**  **t he**  **L CC**  **a nd**  **P BP**  **a nalyses**  **a nd**  **t he**  **N IA**  **t o**  **c alculate**  **t he**  **op erating** 

**c ost**  **o f**  **s ystems**  **a nd**  **e stimate**  **t he**  **p otential**  **e nergy**  **s avings**  **o f**  **c andidate**  **s tandard**  **l evels**  **( CSLs).** 

6 .3.1 General S ervice F luorescent L amps

**U sing**  **a nnual**  **op erating**  **h ours**  **a nd**  **s ystem**  **p ower**  **r atings,**  **DOE c**  **alculates t**  **he a**  **nnual**

**e nergy**  **c onsumption**  **o f**  **t he**  **e ntire**  **l amp­and­ballast**  **s ystem.**  **Th e**  **f ollowing**  **p aragraphs**  **d etail**  **( 1)** 

**t he**  **p ower**  **r atings**  **f or**  **a ll**  **t he**  **G SFL**  **s ystems**  **D OE**  **a ssesses**  **i n**  **t he**  **L CC**  **a nd**  **P BP**  **a nalysis**  **f or**  **e ach** 

**p roduct**  **c lass**  **r epresenting**  **G SFL;**  **a nd**  **( 2)**  **a verage**  **a nnual**  **e nergy**  **c onsumption**  **p er**  **l amp­and** 

**ballast s**  **ystem u**  **sing t**  **he U**  **.S. w**  **eighted a**  **verage o**  **f a**  **nnual op**  **erating h**  **ours i**  **n e**  **ach s**  **ector. Th**  **e**

**a verage**  **G SFL**  **a nnual**  **op erating**  **h ours**  **f or**  **t he**  **U .S.**  **c ommercial**  **a nd**  **i ndustrial**  **s ectors**  **a re**  **3 ,435** 

**a nd**  **4 ,795,**  **r espectively.**  **A ppendix**  **6 A**  **p resents**  **t he**  **e nergy**  **c onsumption**  **r ates**  **f or**  **t he**  **s ystems** 

**D OE**  **u ses**  **i n**  **t he**  **N IA.**  **A s**  **d iscussed**  **i n**  **t he**  **e ngineering**  **a nalysis**  **( Chapter**  **5 ),**  **D OE**  **pairs l**  **amps**

**6­8** 39**with b**  **allasts o**  **f d**  **ifferent b**  **allast f**  **actors t**  **o a**  **djust l**  **ight o**  **utput, c**  **reating a**  **number o**  **f s**  **ystem**

**d esigns.** 

T able 6 .3.1 4­Foot M edium B ipin T 8 G SFL 3 ­Lamp S ystem P ower R ating a nd A nnual

E nergy C onsumption

Technology O ption S ystem P ower R ating A nnual E nergy C onsumption

**C ommercial**  **I ndustrial** 

W kWh k Wh

**1.18BF32 E**  **lec*** **1 14.5**  **3 93.2**  **5 48.9** 

**1 .18BF25**  **E lec**  **9 3.0**  **3 19.5**  **4 46.1** 

**1 .0BF32**  **E lec**  **9 8.3**  **3 37.7**  **4 71.4** 

**1 .0BF30**  **E lec**  **9 0.2**  **3 09.8**  **4 32.5** 

**1 .0BF28**  **E lec**  **8 0.5**  **2 76.5**  **3 86.0** 

**0 .88BF32**  **E lec**  **8 7.5**  **3 00.6**  **4 19.7** 

**0 .88BF30**  **E lec**  **8 0.5**  **2 76.5**  **3 86.0** 

**0 .88BF28**  **E lec**  **7 1.1**  **2 44.2**  **3 40.9** 

**0 .88BF25**  **E lec**  **6 6.8**  **2 29.6**  **3 20.5** 

**0 .78BF32**  **E lec**  **7 8.5**  **2 69.8**  **3 76.6** 

**0 .78BF30**  **E lec**  **7 2.4**  **2 48.8**  **3 47.3** 

**0 .78BF28**  **E lec**  **6 3.3**  **2 17.3**  **3 03.3** 

**0 .75BF32**  **E lec**  **7 5.9**  **2 60.5**  **3 63.7** 

**W**

**= w**  **atts**

**kWh**

**= kilowatt**  **hours**

***** **“1.18BF32Elec” in**  **dicates a**  **lamp­ballast s**  **ystem c**  **onsisting o**  **f a**  **32W la**  **mp p**  **aired w**  **ith a**  **n e**  **lectronic**

**ballast o**  **f a**  **1.18 b**  **allast f**  **actor.**

Table 6 .3.2 4­Foot M edium B ipin T 12 G SFL 3 ­Lamp S ystem P ower R ating a nd A nnual

E nergy C onsumption

Technology

O ption S ystem P ower R ating A nnual E nergy C onsumption

**C ommercial**  * **I ndustrial**  †

W kWh k Wh

**0 .95BF40**  **M ag** * **1 29.0**  **4 43.1**  **6 18.6** 

**0 .88BF34**  **M ag**  **1 08.0**  **3 71.0**  **5 17.9** 

**0 .88BF40**  **E lec**  **1 07.7**  **3 69.8**  **5 16.2** 

**0 .88BF34**  **E lec**  **9 1.7**  **3 14.8**  **4 39.5** 

**0 .87BF40**  **E lec**  **1 07.0**  **3 67.5**  **5 12.9** 

**0 .86BF34**  **E lec**  **9 0.3**  **3 10.2**  **4 33.0** 

***** **“0.95BF40 M**  **ag” in**  **dicates a**  **lamp­ballast s**  **ystem o**  **f a**  **40W la**  **mp p**  **aired w**  **ith a**  **magnetic ballast**  **o f**  **a**

**0.95 b**  **allast f**  **actor.**

**6 ­9** Table 6 .3.3 8­Foot T 12 S ingle­Pin S limline G SFL 2 ­Lamp S ystem P ower R ating a nd

A nnual E nergy C onsumption

T echnology

O ption S ystem P ower R ating A nnual E nergy C onsumption

**C ommercial**  **I ndustrial** 

W kWh k Wh

**0.94BF75 M**  **ag 1**  **58.0 5**  **42.7 7**  **57.6**

**0 .88BF60**  **M ag**  **1 26.0**  **4 32.8**  **6 04.2** 

**0 .88BF75**  **E lec**  **1 35.0**  **4 63.7**  **6 47.3** 

**0 .88BF60**  **E lec**  **1 10.0**  **3 77.9**  **5 27.5** 

**0 .85BF75**  **E lec**  **1 32.0**  **4 53.4**  **6 33.0** 

**0 .85BF60**  **E lec**  **1 07.0**  **3 67.5**  **5 13.1** 

Table 6 .3.4 8­Foot T 8 S ingle­Pin S limline G SFL 2­Lamp S ystem P ower R ating a nd A nnual

E nergy C onsumption

T echnology

O ption S ystem P ower R ating A nnual E nergy C onsumption

**C ommercial**  **I ndustrial** 

W kWh k Wh

**1.18BF59 E**  **lec 1**  **49.9 5**  **15.0 7**  **18.9**

**0 .88BF55**  **E lec**  **1 02.0**  **3 50.4**  **4 89.2** 

**0 .88BF57**  **E lec**  **1 07.5**  **3 69.3**  **5 15.5** 

**0 .88BF59**  **E lec**  **1 12.8**  **3 87.5**  **5 41.0** 

**0 .85BF57**  **E lec**  **1 06.0**  **3 64.1**  **5 08.3** 

**0 .85BF59**  **E lec**  **1 09.1**  **3 74.8**  **5 23.2** 

**0 .78BF57**  **E lec**  **1 02.5**  **3 52.1**  **4 91.5** 

**0 .78BF59**  **E lec**  **1 00.4**  **3 45.0**  **4 81.6** 

Table 6 .3.5 8­Foot T 12 R ecessed D ouble C ontact H O G SFL 2 ­Lamp S ystem P ower R ating

a nd A nnual E nergy C onsumption

T echnology

O ption S ystem P ower R ating A nnual E nergy C onsumption

**C ommercial**  **I ndustrial** 

W kWh k Wh

**0.9BF110 E**  **lec 2**  **11.5 7**  **26.6 1**  **014.3**

**0 .9BF95**  **E lec**  **1 85.6**  **6 37.7**  **8 90.2** 

**0 .89BF95**  **E lec**  **1 81.3**  **6 22.8**  **8 69.4** 

**0 .88BF110**  **E lec**  **2 05.4**  **7 05.4**  **9 84.8** 

**0 .88BF95**  **E lec**  **1 77.0**  **6 07.9**  **8 48.6** 

**6 ­10** Table 6 .3.6. 8 ­Foot T 8 R ecessed D ouble C ontact H O G SFL 2 ­Lamp S ystem P ower R ating

a nd A nnual E nergy C onsumption

T echnology

O ption S ystem P ower R ating A nnual E nergy C onsumption

C ommercial* I ndustrial †

W kWh k Wh

**0.88BF86 E**  **lec 1**  **60.0 5**  **49.6 7**  **67.2**

**0 .81BF86**  **E lec**  **1 51.0**  **5 18.7**  **7 24.1** 

6.3.2 Incandescent R eflector L amps

**B ecause**  **a n**  **I RL**  **d oes**  **n ot**  **r equire**  **a ballast**  **t o**  **op erate,**  **t he**  **r ate**  **o f**  **e nergy**  **u sage**  **i s**  **s imply** 

**t he**  **r ated**  **p ower**  **o f**  **t he**  **l amp.**  **Ta ble**  **6 .3.7**  **to Ta**  **ble 6**  **.3.9 detail**  **p ower**  **r atings**  **f or**  **a ll**  **o f**  **t he**  **I RL** 

**l amp**  **d esigns.**  **D OE**  **c alculates**  **t he**  **a nnual**  **e nergy**  **c onsumption**  **b ased**  **o n**  **t he**  **U .S.**  **w eighted** 

**a verage**  **a nnual**  **op erating**  **h ours**  **f or**  **I RL**  **i n**  **t he**  **r esidential,**  **c ommercial,**  **a nd**  **i ndustrial**  **s ectors**  **a s** 

**3 ,450,**  **4 ,664,**  **a nd**  **8 84,**  **r espectively.**  **A ppendix**  **6 A**  **lists t**  **he a**  **nnual e**  **nergy c**  **onsumption o**  **f t**  **hose**

**I RL**  **l amp**  **d esigns**  **u sed**  **i n**  **t he**  **N IA.** 

T able 6 .3.7 IRL P ower R ating a nd A nnual E nergy C onsumption, 9 0PAR38

T echnology

O ption L amp

E fficacy L amp

P ower

R ating A nnual E nergy C onsumption

C ommercial I ndustrial R esidential

l m/W W kWh k Wh k Wh

**Baseline 1**  **4.6 9**  **0.0 3**  **10.5 4**  **19.8 7**  **9.6**

**C SL1**  **1 6.6**  **7 9.0**  **2 72.6**  **3 68.5**  **6 9.9** 

**C SL2**  **1 8.0**  **7 0.0**  **2 41.5**  **3 26.5**  **6 1.9** 

**C SL3**  **1 9.8**  **6 6.0**  **2 27.7**  **3 07.8**  **5 8.4** 

**6 ­11** Table 6 .3.8 IRL P ower R ating a nd A nnual E nergy C onsumption, 7 5PAR38

T echnology

O ption L amp

E fficacy L amp

P ower

R ating A nnual E nergy C onsumption

C ommercial* I ndustrial **†** Residential ******

l m/W W kWh k Wh k Wh

**Baseline 1**  **4.0 7**  **5.0 2**  **58.8 3**  **49.8 6**  **6.3**

**C SL1**  **1 5.9**  **6 6.0**  **2 27.7**  **3 07.8**  **5 8.4** 

**C SL2**  **1 7.5**  **6 0.0**  **2 07.0**  **2 79.8**  **5 3.1** 

**C SL3**  **1 9.1**  **5 5.0**  **1 89.8**  **2 56.5**  **4 8.6** 

Table 6 .3.9 IRL P ower R ating a nd A nnual E nergy C onsumption, 5 0PAR30

T echnology

O ption L amp

E fficacy L amp

P ower

R ating A nnual E nergy C onsumption

C ommercial* I ndustrial † Residential**

l m/W W kWh k Wh k Wh

**Baseline 1**  **1.6 5**  **0.0 1**  **72.5 2**  **33.2 4**  **4.2**

**C SL1**  **1 4.0**  **4 4.3**  **1 52.8**  **2 06.6**  **3 9.2** 

**C SL2**  **1 5.0**  **4 1.3**  **1 42.5**  **1 92.6**  **3 6.5** 

**C SL3**  **1 7.0**  **4 0.0**  **1 38.0**  **1 86.6**  **3 5.4** 

**6 ­12** REFERENCES

**1 U.S.**  **D epartment**  **o f**  **En ergy,**  **O ffice**  **o f**  **En ergy**  **E fficiency**  **a nd**  **R enewable**  **E nergy.**  **En ergy** 

**C onservation**  **P rogram**  **f or**  **C onsumer**  **P roducts:**  **F inal**  **R eport:**  **U .S.**  **L ighting**  **M arket** 

**C haracterization,**  **V olume**  **I :**  **Na tional**  **L ighting**  **I nventory**  **a nd**  **En ergy**  **C onsumption**  **Es timate.** 

**2 002.**  **W ashington,**  **D .C.** 

**< www.eere.energy.gov/buildings/info/documents/pdfs/lmc_vol1_final.pdf>** 

**2 U.S.**  **D epartment**  **o f**  **En ergy** 

**, Energy**  **I nformation**  **A dministration.**  **C ommercial**  **B uilding**  **En ergy** 

**C onsumption**  **S urvey:**  **M icro­level**  **d ata,**  **f ile**  **2 Building**  **A ctivities,**  **Special M**  **easures o**  **f S**  **ize, a**  **nd**

**M ulti­building**  **F acilities.**  **2 003.**  **W ashington,**  **D .C.** 

**< http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cbecs/public_use.html>** 

**3 U.S.**  **D epartment**  **o f**  **En ergy** 

**, Energy**  **I nformation**  **A dministration.**  **R esidential**  **En ergy** 

**C onsumption**  **S urvey:**  **F ile**  **1 :**  **H ousing**  **U nit**  **C haracteristic.**  **2 006.**  **W ashington,**  **D .C.** 

**< http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/recs/recs2001/publicuse2001.html>** 

**4 U.S.**  **D epartment**  **o f**  **En ergy** 

**, Energy**  **I nformation**  **A dministration.**  **M anufacturing**  **E nergy** 

**C onsumption**  **S urvey,**  **T able**  **1 .4:**  **Nu mber**  **o f**  **Es tablishments**  **b y**  **F irst**  **U se**  **o f**  **En ergy**  **f or**  **A ll** 

**P urposes**  **( Fuel**  **a nd**  **No nfuel).**  **2 002.**  **W ashington,**  **D .C.** 

**< http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/mecs/mecs2002/data02/shelltables.html>** 

**6­13**