T hi s di s pos i t i on i s notappr opr i a t e f orpubl i c a t i on and i s notpr e c e de nt * e xc e pta s pr ovi de d by 9th C i r . R . 36- 3. NOT F OR P UB L I CAT I ON UN I TE D STATE S C OU RT OF APPE ALS FOR T HE NI NTH CI RC UI T SI D N EY J A CO BS, P la in tif

f - A p p e lla n t, v. M A N D A L A Y C O R P . , D B A M andal ay B a yR e s orta nd C a s i no, D ef

endant- A pp el l ee . N o. 08- 17765 D. C . No . 2 : 0 8 - c v - 0 0 6 4 0 - R L HLRL ME MOR AN DU M *

A pp ea l fr om the U ni t ed S t at es D i stri ctC ou rt

f orthe D i s tr i c tof

N e va da R oge rL . H unt , C hi e f

D i s tr i c tJ udge , P r e s i di ng A r gue d a nd S ubm i tt e d M a r c h 8, 2010 S a n F r a n c is c o , C a lif

o rn ia B efo re: H A L L , N O O N A N an d T H O M A S , C i rcu i tJu d g es. S i d n ey Jaco b s (“ Jaco b s”) fi l ed su i to n b eh al f o f h i m sel f an d a p u t at i v e cl ass of pl ai nt i ff

s a gai nstM andal ayB ayC orpo ra t i on (“ M andal ay ”) and u nn am ed defe nd ant s i n N evada s t at e c ou rt . In hi s c om pl ai nt , Ja cobs cl ai m s thatM andal ay f a ile d to p a y o v e rtim e w a g e s to J a c o b s a n d s im ila r lys itu a te d e m p lo y e e s in 

# FI LED MA Y07 2 010 M OLLY C. DW Y ER, CLERK U . S. C O U R T OF APPE ALS2

vi ol at i on of N evada l aw . M andal ayre m ov ed the ca se t o the U ni t ed S t at es D i stri ct C ou rtfor the D i stri ctof N evada, as se rt i ng thatJa cobs’ s c as e pre se nt s afe dera l que s t i on tha tbe s t ow s s ubj e c tm a tt e rj ur i s di c t i on pur s ua ntt o 28 U . S . C . § 1331. O n c e in d is tr ic t c o u rt, J a c o b s m o v e d to a m e n d h is c o m p la in t a n d r e m a n d to s ta te c o u rt. T h e d is tr ic t c o u rt d e n ie d J a c o b s ’s m o tio n s , h o ld in g th a t J a c o b s ’s c la im i s s ubj ec tt o p re em pt i on un der s ec t i on 30 1 o f the L abor M anagem entR el at i on s A ct ( “ L M R A ” ) , 29 U . S . C . § 185( a ) . T he di s tr i c tc ourtthe n gr a nt e d M a nda l a y ’ s m ot i on t o di s m i s s f

orJ a c obs ’ s f

a i l ur e t o e xhaus tnon-

j udi c i a l r e m e di e s pur s ua ntt o the col l ec t i ve bargai ni ng agre em entbetw ee n Jac ob s and M andal ay . W e now re vi ew th e d i s tr i c tc o u rt ’ s d e n i a l o f J a c o b s ’ s m o t i o n s t o a m e n d a n d r e m a n d , a n d we re vers e. W e r e vi e w de novo the di s tr i c tc ourt ’ s f i ndi ng of pr e e m pt i on unde rs e c t i on 3 0 1 o f th e L M R A . Cram erv. C on sol. Fre i gh tw ays, Inc. , 2 5 5 F .3 d 6 8 3 , 6 8 9 ( 9 th C i r . 2001) ( e n ba nc ) . F orthi s a na l y s i s , w e r e l yon J a c obs ’ s pr opos e d “ S e c ond A m en d ed C o m p l ai n t ” b ecau se d i sm i ssal w i th o u tl eav e t o am en d i s i m p ro p er u n l ess

“ the com pl ai ntcoul d n otbe sa ved b y any am endm ent . ” Se e P ol i c h v . B ur l i ngton N . , Inc. , 9 4 2 F .2 d 1 4 6 7 , 1 4 7 2 ( 9 th C ir . 1 9 9 1 ) . J a c o b s is ab a n q u e t s e rv e re m p lo y e d b yM a n d a la y , a n d h is e m p lo y m e n t is g o v e rn e d b y th e t e rms o f ac o l l e c t i v e b a r g a i n i n g a g r e e me n t( “ CBA ” ) . Th e CBA3

se t s f orth an agreement thatbanq uetse rver s are t o b e pai d an h ou rl y w age and a s et pe r c e nt a ge of

ba nque ts e rvi c e c ha r ge s , c a l l e d “ gr a tui t i e s . ” I tc ont a i ns no pr ovi s i on for overt i m e w ages for banqu etse rver s. In hi s c om pl ai nt , Ja cobs al l eges that M a nda l a y ’ s f

a i l ur e t o pa y ove rt i m e w a ge s c ons t i tut e s avi ol a t i on of N e va da R e v is e d S ta tu te s e c tio n 6 0 8 .0 1 8 , w h ic h r e q u ir e s th a t e m p lo y e r s p a yo v e rtim e to a ll e m p lo y e e s e x c e p t c e rta in e x e m p t c la s s e s . See N EV . R EV . S TAT . § 6 0 8 .0 1 8 ( 1 ) - ( 3 ) . P r e e m p tio n u n d e rs e c tio n 3 0 1 r e q u ir e s atw o - s te p a n a ly s is . See B urnsi de v. Ki e w i t P ac . C or

p. , 491 F . 3d 1053, 1059 ( 9th C i r . 2007) . F i r s t , w e m us tde t e rm i ne

“ w hether the as se rt ed cause of a ct i on i nv ol ves ari gh tconferr ed up on an em pl oyee by vi rtue of st at e l aw , no tby a C B A . ” I d. I f th e r i g h ti s c o n f

e rr e d b yth e C B A, pree m pt i on appl i es , bu ti f i ti s c on fe rr ed by st at e l aw , the i nq ui rym ov es t o st ep tw o . H e r e , th e r ig h t c la im e d b y J a c o b s c le a r lyin h e r e s in th e N e v a d as ta tu te . J a c obs ’ s S e c ond A m e nde d C om pl a i nta s s e rt s ac aus e of a c t i on onl yunde rs e c t i on 608. 018( 2) , a nd m a ke s no c l a i m t o avi ol a t i on of the C B A . W hi l e s e c t i on 608. 018 e xe m pt s f

r om c ove r a ge thos e e m pl oy e e s “ c ove r e d byc ol l e c t i ve ba r ga i ni ng agre em ent s w hi ch prov i de otherw i se for overt i m e, ” N EV . R EV . S TAT . § 608. 018( 3) ( e ) , M a nda l a y doe s notc l a i m tha tthe C B A pr ovi de s f orove rt i m e f

or4

b a n q u e ts e rv e r s . B e c au s e J a c o b s ’ s r i g h tt o o v e rt i m e i s c o n f e rr e d b ys t a t e l a w, i nde pe nde ntof

the C B A , w e m ove t o s t e p tw o. A t th e s e c o n d s te p , w e m u s t d e te rm in e w h e th e rJ a c o b s ’s c la im is

“ ne ve rthe l e s s ‘ s ubs t a nt i a l l y de pe nde nton a na l y s i s of ac ol l e c t i ve - ba r ga i ni ng agre em ent . ’ ” B urns i de , 491 F . 3d a t1059 ( quot i ng Ca te r p i l la r, I n c . v . Wi l l i a ms , 48 2 U . S . 38 6, 39 4 (19 87 )) . If the cl ai m re qu i re s the courtt o “ i nt erpret , ” r ather tha n m e r e l y “ l ook t o, ” the C B A , the n the c l a i m i s s ubs t a nt i a l l yde pe nde nton the C B A a n d is p r e e m p te d b y s e c tio n 3 0 1 . Se e i d. a t1060. M a n d a la y a r g u e s th a t J a c o b s m a yb e “e x e m p t” f r o m p r o te c tio n u n d e rs ta te l aw , and thatthe courtm usti nt erpretthe t erm s of the C B A t o d et erm i ne w hether J a c obs i s i n f

a c te xe m pt . H ow e ve r , unde rthe S upr e m e C ourt ’ s de c i s i on i n L i v adas v . B r ads haw , ap u rp o rte d w a iv e ro rb a r g a in in g a w a yo f s ta te la w p r o te c tio n s w o u ld h a v e to b e “c le a ra n d u n m is ta k ab le . . . f o rac o u rt e v e n to c o n s id e rw h e th e rit c oul d be gi ve n e f

f e c t . ” 512 U . S . 107, 125 ( 1994) ( i nt e rna l quot a t i ons a nd c i t a t i ons om i tt e d) . T ha taC B A l a c ks ac l e a rw a i ve rof s t a t e r i ght s r e qui r e s onl ytha tthe c o u rt lo o kto , a n d n o t in te rp r e t, th e C B A . B urns i de , 49 1 F . 3d at10 71 . H er e, there i s no cl ear s t at em entthatbanq uetse rver s have bar gai ned aw aythei r s t at e l aw o v e rtim e p r o te c tio n s .5

S e c t i on 608. 018 pr ovi de s tha tove rt i m e pa yi s t o be c a l c ul a t e d a tone a nd a h a lf tim e s a n e m p lo y e e ’s r e g u la rw a g e r a te . N EV . R EV . S TAT . § 6 0 8 .0 1 8 ( 1 ) - ( 2 ) . F ore m pl oy e e s pa i d othe rtha n by a n hour l yw a ge r a t e , N e va daA dm i ni s tr a t i ve C ode s e c t i on 608. 125 s e t s f orth am e thod f

orc a l c ul a t i ng a n hour l yr a t e f orthe p u rp o s e o f

o v e rtim e p a y . N EV . A D M IN . C ODE§ 608. 125( 2) . T he C B A doe s not ne e d t o be i nt e rpr e t e d. T he pa rt i e s di s put e w he the rJ a c obs ’ s “ r e gul a rw a ge r a t e ” unde rs e c t i on 6 0 8 .0 1 8 in c lu d e s o n lyh is h o u r lyw a g e s , o rin c lu d e s b o th h is h o u r lyw a g e s a n d h is per j ob com m i ss i on s, such thatse ct i on 60 8. 12 5 w ou l d al so appl y t o h i m . C on trary to th e d is tr ic t c o u rt’s f

in d in g , th e m e a n in g o f

“r e g u la rw a g e r a te ” a s p r o v id e d in s e c t i on 608. 018 i s aque s t i on of s t a t e l a w , r e qui r i ng no r e f e r e nc e t o the t e rm s of the C B A . D ependi ng on N evada’ s def i ni t i on of “ re gu l arw age r at e, ” acourtcan c a l c ul a t e the e xa c ta m ountof ove rt i m e pa ytha ti s ow e d byl ooki ng t o the C B A a nd the pa s tw a ge s pa i d. R e f e rr i ng t o the C B A i n thi s w a y , f orthe purpos e of c a lc u la tin g d a m a g e s , d o e s n o t r e q u ir e a n in te rp r e ta tio n o f th e C B A . Se e L i v adas , 512 U . S . a t125 ( “ [ T ] he m e r e ne e d t o ‘ l ook t o’ the c ol l e c t i ve - ba r ga i ni ng a gr e e m e nt fo r d am ag es co m p u t at i o n i s n o reaso n t o h o l d th e st at e-l aw cl ai m d efeat ed b y § 3 0 1 .” ) ; B urns i de , 4 9 1 F . 3 d at1 0 7 4 (“ [D ] am ag es m ay h a v e to b e c a lc u la te d , a n d in th e co u rse o f th atcal cu l at i o n , referen ce t o — b u tn o ti n t erp ret at i o n o f— th e C B A s,6

t o d et erm i n e th e ap p ro p ri at e w ag e rat e, w o u l d l i k el y b e req u i red . ”). A cco rd i n g l y, r e s ol ut i on of

J a c obs ’ s ove rt i m e c l a i m doe s nots ubs t a nt i a l l yde pe nd on the t e rm s of the C B A , a nd the r e f

or e the c l a i m i s notpr e e m pt e d bys e c t i on 301. B ec ause w e hol d thatJa cobs’ s c l ai m for overt i m e w ages i s notpree m pt ed un der s ec t i on 30 1, w e R EVER SE the de c i s i on of the di s tr i c tc ourt , a nd RE MAND w i th i ns truc t i ons t o r e m a nd t o the E i ghth J udi c i a l D i s tr i c tC ourtof the S t a t e of N e v a d a , C la rkC o u n ty .