J-S54036-19

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA

v.

MCKENZIE ST. CLAIR REESE 

Appellant

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

 IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF

 PENNSYLVANIA

 No. 140 MDA 2019

Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered May 4, 2017

In the Court of Common Pleas of York County Criminal Division at No(s): 

CP-67-CR-0000768-2016

BEFORE: BOWES, J., LAZARUS, J., and DUBOW, J.

MEMORANDUM BY DUBOW, J.: FILED NOVEMBER 27, 2019

Appellant, McKenzie St. Clair Reese, appeals from the May 4, 2017 

Judgment of Sentence entered in the York County Court of Common Pleas 

following his jury conviction of one count each of Delivery of Heroin and/or 

Fentanyl and Drug Delivery Resulting in Death.

1 Appellant challenges the 

sufficiency of the evidence, and the legality and discretionary aspects of his 

sentence. After careful review, we affirm the convictions, but vacate the 

sentence, and remand for resentencing.

We glean the following facts from the trial court Opinion and certified 

record. Appellant and the deceased had an on-going relationship, which 

included Appellant’s selling drugs to the deceased. In August 2015, Appellant 

____________________________________________

1 35 P.S. § 780-113(a)(30) and 18 Pa.C.S. § 2506(a), respectively.
J-S54036-19

- 2 -

and the deceased communicated via text message about completing a heroin

sale. 

In the late morning of August 16, 2015, the deceased’s mother found

the deceased in her bedroom, unconscious. Her bedroom contained syringe 

needles, a spoon, a belt, and approximately five bundles of glassine bags that 

contained heroin and fentanyl. The deceased’s mother called the paramedics, 

who transported her to York Hospital. She was pronounced dead in the 

ambulance. An autopsy revealed that the deceased’s blood contained both 

morphine and fentanyl, and that the cause of her death was opioid fentanyl 

morphine toxicity.

Pennsylvania State Police Trooper Matthew Eicher conducted an 

investigation, which included an analysis of the deceased’s cell phone and the 

glassine bags. The analyses revealed that the glassine bags contained a 

mixture of heroin and fentanyl; the deceased’s cell phone contained messages 

between Appellant and the deceased, discussing a sale of heroin to take place 

on the morning of August 16, 2015.

Appellant was charged with Delivery of Heroin and/or Fentanyl and Drug 

Delivery Resulting in Death. A four-day jury trial commenced on March 20, 

2017. Appellant elected not to testify and presented no evidence.

The jury found Appellant guilty of both charges. The court ordered a 

Pre-Sentence Investigation Report.

On May 4, 2017, the court sentenced Appellant to 7 to 14 years of 

incarceration for the Delivery conviction, and 20 to 40 years of incarceration 
J-S54036-19

- 3 -

for the Drug Delivery Resulting in Death conviction. The court ordered these 

sentences to run consecutive to one another. Appellant filed a Post-Sentence 

Motion, which the trial court denied.

Appellant timely appealed. However, this Court dismissed the appeal 

because his counsel failed to file a brief. Commonwealth v. Reese, No. 1120 

MDA 2017, Order, filed 9/24/18. Appellant filed a Petition to Reinstate his 

Appellate Rights nunc pro tunc with the trial court, which the court granted. 

Appellant filed a Notice of Appeal with this Court. Both Appellant and 

the trial court complied with Pa. R.A.P. 1925.

Appellant raises the following issues for our review: 

I. Whether there was sufficient evidence presented by the 

Commonwealth in order to support verdicts of guilty for 

Delivery and Drug Delivery Resulting in Death.

II. Whether the trial court abused its discretion and sentenced 

[Appellant] to an unreasonable sentence when:

A. It did not merge the charges and sentenced [Appellant] to 

seven (7) to fourteen (14) years on the Delivery charge?

B. It did not merge the charges and sentenced [Appellant] to 

a consecutive sentence of twenty (20) to forty (40) years 

on the Drug Delivery Resulting in Death charge?

Appellant’s Br. at 6.

Appellant’s first issue challenges the sufficiency of evidence supporting 

his convictions. 

Our standard of review applicable to challenges to the sufficiency of 

evidence is well settled. “Viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to 
J-S54036-19

- 4 -

the Commonwealth as the verdict winner, and taking all reasonable inferences 

in favor of the Commonwealth, the reviewing court must determine whether 

the evidence supports the fact-finder’s determination of all of the elements of 

the crime beyond a reasonable doubt.” Commonwealth v. Hall, 830 A.2d 

537, 541-42 (Pa. 2003). Further, a conviction may be sustained wholly on 

circumstantial evidence, and the trier of fact is free to believe all, part, or none 

of the evidence. Commonwealth v. Melvin, 103 A.3d 1, 39-40 (Pa. Super. 

2014). 

Appellant challenges the evidence supporting his Delivery of Heroin 

and/or Fentanyl conviction. Appellant’s Br. at 14. Specifically, he argues that 

the Commonwealth failed to prove that he was the person who delivered 

heroin and fentanyl to the deceased because the Commonwealth produced no 

direct evidence that placed Appellant at the deceased’s residence on the date 

of her death. Id. He further contends that the cell phone evidence was 

unreliable and the evidence showed that bags of drugs in the deceased’s room 

did not contain Appellant’s fingerprints.2 Id. at 14-16. 

____________________________________________

2 Appellant challenges only the sufficiency of evidence against him. However, 

Appellant’s arguments that the cell phone evidence was unreliable and the 

bags of drugs did not contain his fingerprints raise a challenge to the weight 

of evidence. Appellant did not challenge the weight of evidence either orally 

or in writing before sentencing or in a post-sentence motion. Commonwealth 

v. Bryant, 57 A.3d 191, 196-97 (Pa. Super. 2012); Pa.R.Crim.P. 607. 

Accordingly, he waived any weight challenges.
J-S54036-19

- 5 -

The Controlled Substance, Drug, Device and Cosmetic Act (“the Act”) 

prohibits the delivery of a controlled substance without proper authorization. 

35 P.S. § 780-113(a)(30). “Delivery” is defined as “the actual, constructive, 

or attempted transfer from one person to another of a controlled 

substance[.]” 35 P.S. § 780-102. “A defendant actually transfers drugs 

whenever he physically conveys drugs to another person.” Commonwealth

v. Murphy, 844 A.2d 1228, 1234 (Pa. 2004).

The Commonwealth introduced evidence sufficient to establish that it 

was Appellant who delivered the drugs to the decedent. At trial, Trooper Eicher 

testified that the cell phone data revealed that the deceased had sent text 

messages to Appellant on August 12, 14, 15, and 16, 2015, to set up a heroin 

transaction on the morning of August 16, 2015. N.T. Trial, 3/23/17, at 418, 

430-35. Additionally, Appellant sent text messages to the deceased on the 

morning of August 16, 2015—one message indicated that he was on his way, 

and the other stated that he had arrived at the deceased’s home. Id. at 429, 

439. Additionally, Special Agent William Shute, an expert in cell phone site 

analysis, testified that based on the historical cell phone site analysis, he 

established that Appellant had been in the area of the deceased’s home the 

morning of August 16, 2015. Id. at 398.

From this evidence, it is reasonable to infer that Appellant was the one 

who supplied the drugs to the decedent.
J-S54036-19

- 6 -

Appellant also challenges the sufficiency of evidence supporting his Drug 

Delivery Resulting in Death conviction. Appellant’s Br. at 16. He asserts that 

the Commonwealth failed to produce evidence not only that it was Appellant 

who delivered the drugs, but also that the drugs Appellant sold the decedent 

were the drugs that killed her. Id. 

The Crimes Code criminalizes a Drug Delivery Resulting in Death. 

Section 2506 states, in relevant part, “[a] person commits a felony of the first 

degree if the person intentionally . . . delivers, . . . sells or distributes any 

controlled substance . . . , and another person dies as a result of using the 

substance.” 18 Pa.C.S. § 2506(a).

As discussed above, the text message exchange between Appellant and 

the decedent and other evidence established that on the morning of August 

16, 2015, Appellant was at the decedent’s home and sold her drugs. 

Therefore, the evidence was sufficient to establish that it was Appellant who 

delivered the drugs to the decedent.

Similarly, the evidence was sufficient to establish that the drugs that 

Appellant delivered to the decedent were the drugs that killed her. The 

evidence established that Appellant delivered to the decedent glassine bags 

containing a mixture of heroin and fentanyl. Shortly after Appellant delivered 

the drugs to the decedent, her mother found the decedent unresponsive in 

her bedroom. At trial, Dr. Rameen Starling-Roney, forensic pathologist,

testified that he performed an autopsy of the deceased and determined that 
J-S54036-19

- 7 -

her cause of death was opioid fentanyl morphine toxicity. N.T. Trial, at 345-

346. He further explained morphine is a metabolite of heroin. Id. at 292. 

Corroborating this evidence was a telephone call that Appellant had with 

his girlfriend, Nashaya Ferguson, a week after the decedent died. Ferguson 

informed Appellant that the deceased had passed away around August 16, 

2015; that “she[ was] dead off of that dope.” Commonwealth’s Exh. 34B at 3. 

Appellant responded, “I guess it was that good, that A-1 shit.” Id. at 7-9. 

Appellant, however, then backtracked and stated that he did not know if it 

was his “stuff” that “did that to her.” Id.

Viewing the direct and circumstantial evidence in the light most 

favorable to the Commonwealth as the verdict winner, and taking all 

reasonable inferences in favor of the Commonwealth, we conclude that the

trial court correctly found that the evidence was sufficient to establish that it 

was Appellant who sold the drugs to the decedent and it was those drugs that 

killed her. Thus, Appellant’s sufficiency challenge is meritless.

Appellant’s second issue challenges both the legality and discretionary 

aspects of his sentence. We will first address the challenge to the legality of 

his sentence.

Appellant asserts that the trial court should have merged his Delivery of 

Heroin and/or Fentanyl conviction with his Drug Delivery Resulting in Death 

conviction for sentencing purposes. Appellant’s Br. at 19. 
J-S54036-19

- 8 -

A claim that the trial court failed to merge sentences implicates the 

legality of the sentence. Commonwealth v. Tanner, 61 A.3d 1043, 1046 

(Pa. Super. 2013). Although Appellant did not raise the issue in his Statement

of Matters Complained of on Appeal, “challenges to an illegal sentence can

never be waived and may be reviewed sua sponte by this Court.” Id. (citation 

omitted). Therefore, our standard of review is de novo, and our scope of 

review is plenary. Id.

Section 9765 of the Sentencing Code provides that: 

No crimes shall merge for sentencing purposes unless the crimes 

arise from a single criminal act and all of the statutory elements 

of one offense are included in the statutory elements of the other 

offense. Where crimes merge for sentencing purposes, the court 

may sentence the defendant only on the higher graded offense.

42 Pa.C.S. § 9765. Thus, “[i]f the elements of the lesser offense are all 

included within the elements of the greater offense and the greater offense 

has at least one additional element, which is different, then the sentences 

merge.” Commonwealth v. Jarosz, 152 A.3d 344, 351 (Pa. Super. 2016) 

(citation omitted). However, “[i]f both crimes require proof of at least one 

element that the other does not, then the sentences do not merge. Id.

(citation omitted). 

The Commonwealth concedes that the convictions should have merged 

for sentencing purposes. Appellee’s Br. at 28-30. We agree.

Appellant was convicted of Delivery of Heroin and/or Fentanyl and Drug 

Delivery Resulting in Death. As discussed above, the Act prohibits the Delivery
J-S54036-19

- 9 -

of a Controlled Substance, which is defined as the “deliver[y of] . . . a 

controlled substance [without proper authorization]. 35 P.S. § 780-

113(a)(30). The Crimes Code further provides that “[a] person commits [the]

felony of [Drug Delivery Resulting in Death] if the person intentionally . . . 

delivers . . . any controlled substance in violation of section . . . 13(a)(14) or 

(30) of the [A]ct . . . , and another person dies as a result of using the 

substance. 18 Pa.C.S. § 2506(a).

Section 2506 consists of two principal elements: (i) intentionally 

delivering any controlled substance in violation of 35 P.S. § 780-113(a)(14) 

or 35 P.S. § 780-113(a)(30); and (ii) resulting from the use of that controlled 

substance. Id.; Commonwealth v. Peck, 202 A.3d 739, 743-44 (Pa. Super. 

2019) (citation omitted). All the statutory elements of the crime Delivery of a

Heroin and/or Fentanyl are included in the first element of Drug Delivery 

Resulting in Death, “intentionally deliver[ing] any controlled substance[,]” i.e., 

heroin and/or fentanyl. 18 Pa.C.S. § 2506. Further, the crime of Drug Delivery 

Resulting in Death includes proof of an additional principal element, death 

caused by the use of that drug. Id.; Peck, supra at 744. Therefore, the trial 

court should have merged Appellant’s sentence for Delivery of Heroin and/or 

Fentanyl with his sentence for Drug Delivery Resulting in Death. 

Because the court ordered Appellant’s sentences to run consecutive to 

each other, our vacatur upsets the sentencing scheme and we must remand 

for resentencing. See Commonwealth v. Williams, 997 A.2d 1205, 1210-
J-S54036-19

- 10 -

11 (Pa. Super. 2010) (“[I]f a correction by this Court may upset the 

sentencing scheme envisioned by the trial court, the better practice is to 

remand [for resentencing]”) (internal quotations, citations, and corrections 

omitted). Therefore, we vacate Appellant’s Judgment of Sentence and remand 

for resentencing.3

Convictions affirmed. Judgment of Sentence vacated. Case remanded 

for resentencing consistent with this Memorandum. Jurisdiction relinquished.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.

Prothonotary

Date: 11/27/2019

____________________________________________

3 Because this issue is dispositive, we need not address Appellant’s challenge 

to the discretionary aspects of his sentence.