# Patent

## Title
Pharmaceutical compositions for the oral administration of heparin or derivatives thereof

## Abstract

Oral pharmaceutical compositions for the controlled release of heparin or derivatives thereof, for example dalteparin, salts and/or derivatives thereof, comprising (a) a matrix consisting of amphiphilic compounds and lipophilic compounds with melting point lower than 90° C. in which the active ingredient is at least partially dispersed; (b) an outer hydrophilic matrix in which the lipophilic/amphiphilic matrix is dispersed; (c) optionally, other excipients suitable for solid pharmaceutical forms. The treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) by administering to a patient in need thereof an effective amount of dalteparin, salts and/or derivatives thereof is also disclosed.

## Background
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 10/498,095 filed Jun. 10, 2004, U.S. Pat. No. 8,642,082, which is a 371 of PCT/EP02/13651, filed Dec. 3, 2002, which claims priority of Italian Patent Application No. MI2001A002599, filed Dec. 11, 2001, the entire contents of each of which are hereby incorporated by reference.


The present invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions suitable for the oral administration of heparin or derivatives thereof, for example dalteparin, salts and/or derivatives thereof, for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases.
More particularly, the invention relates to controlled-release oral pharmaceutical compositions containing heparin (either unfractioned or low molecular weight heparins), for example dalteparin, salts and/or derivatives thereof, capable of selectively releasing the active ingredient in the intestine.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, involve therapeutical problems which have still to be satisfactorily solved. The use of the medicaments available to date, such as aminosalicylates and pro-drugs thereof, steroids, immunosuppressive agents, is often restricted by the important side effects involved as well as by the sometime insufficient effectiveness.
Safer, more effective medicaments than those presently available are therefore particularly needed.
Recently, the use of heparin has been suggested in the IBD parenteral treatment: in fact, although IBD etiology has still to be clarified, its pathogenesis is somewhat clearer, and this can account for the use of heparin in this disease.
In particular, the thrombophilic state frequently observed in ulcerative colitis favours intravasal district coagulation, which is confirmed by the presence of sub-mucosal microthrombosis and by vasculytic phenomena on the mesenteral vessels; furthermore, important inflammatory conditions are always present, which can be related with an alteration of both the immune system and the Th1/Th2 balance, which are mediated by interleukins (IL-1), TNF and numerous other pro-inflammatory cytokines.
All these considerations suggest the presence of vascular damage associated with, or consequent to, inflammatory conditions on an immune base, in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis.
Clinical studies have confirmed the therapeutical activity of heparin administered parenterally, usually through subcutaneous injection, in the treatment of IBD (Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 1997; 11:1037-1040; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, 1997; 3(2): 87-94; Gastroenterology, 1996; 110:A872; Gastroenterology, 1996; 110. A 900; Gastroenterology, 1996; 110. A908, Gut, 1995; 137(S2)F194; Am. J. Gastroenterol. 1995; 90:220-223).
In these clinical studies, heparin was always administered intravenously or subcutaneously, namely through the conventional administration routes of choice for heparins and other glycosaminoglycan derivatives, which usually are not absorbed orally. Studies have been carried out for alternative administration routes to the injective one, such as the oral administration, which is by far suitable for self-medication for use in the antithrombotic therapy. However, heparin and low molecular weight derivatives thereof, when administered orally, are absorbed in insufficient amounts to attain an effective concentration and usually only in the first tract of intestine.
On the other hand, considering the chronic nature of IBD, the oral administration would be much preferable, as the treatment is usually long-term.
Formulations studied to increase heparin absorption in the gastrointestinal tract are described in WO-A-01/34114 and WO-A-00/48589.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
According to the invention, controlled-release formulations containing heparin or low molecular weight derivatives thereof have now been found, which can be administered through the oral route and are particularly suitable for the treatment of IBD, in that they provide the gradual release of heparin in the intestinal tract in correspondence with the inflammed intestinal mucosa and therefore a rapid, effective therapeutical response.
According to another embodiment of the invention there is provided an oral pharmaceutical composition for the controlled release of dalteparin, salts and/or derivatives thereof, comprising:
a) a matrix consisting of amphiphilic compounds and lipophilic compounds with melting point lower than 90° C. in which the active ingredient is at least partially dispersed;
b) an outer hydrophilic matrix in which the lipophilic/amphiphilic matrix is dispersed;
c) optionally, other excipients suitable for solid pharmaceutical forms.
The formulations of the invention have also the advantage of preventing or slowing down any degradation and depolymerization of the molecule by the digestive juices, in the first tract of the transit of the medicament to reach the intestinal tract, where its therapeutical action has to be exerted.
The controlled-release compositions of the invention consist of a multi-matrix structure comprising:

    
    
        a) a matrix consisting of amphiphilic compounds and lipophilic compounds, with melting point lower than 90° C., in which the active ingredient is at least partially englobated;
        b) an outer hydrophilic matrix, in which the amphiphilic/lipophilic matrix is dispersed;
        c) optionally, other excipients.
    
    


“Heparin” herein means both unfractioned heparins of various origin, and low molecular weight heparins, typically ranging from 1,000 to 10,000 Da, such as enoxaparin, fraxiparin, dalteparin, parneparin, their salts and/or derivatives and the like, and other glycosaminoglycans such as heparin sulfates, dermatan sulfates and hyaluronates. Preferably, the compositions of the invention contain optionally salified heparins (sodium or calcium heparin) or low molecular weight heparins. Additionally preferred salts and/or derivatives are selected from sodium dalteparin and calcium dalteparin.
The compositions of the invention, containing heparin or low molecular weight heparins or other glycosaminoglycans can be prepared with a method comprising the following steps:

    
    
        a) First, the heparin is embedded in by kneading or mixing or is coated with amphiphilic compounds, which will be precised below. Mixing can be carried out without using solvents or with small amounts of water-alcoholic solvents.
        b) The matrix from a) is added in a low melting lipophilic excipient or mixture of excipients, with heating to soften and/or melt the excipient in which the active ingredient is thus dispersed. The inert matrix resulting from cooling to room temperature can be reduced in size to obtain inert matrix granules containing the active ingredient particles.
        c) The granules of inert+amphiphilic matrix are then mixed with one or more hydrophilic excipients which swell in the presence of water, thus increasing their volume to form a hydrated, highly viscous layer in which the solvent progress is slowed down. The mixture of powders and matrix granules is then subjected to compression or compaction so that, when the tablet is contacted with biological fluids, a swollen, highly viscous layer forms, which coordinates the solvent molecules and acts as a barrier against the penetration of the aqueous fluid inside the new structure. Said barrier antagonizes the starting “burst effect” deriving from the dissolution of the medicament present inside the inert matrix, which is in turn inside the hydrophilic matrix.
    
    


In one embodiment, there is provided process for the preparation of an oral pharmaceutical composition for the controlled release of dalteparin, salts and/or derivatives, which comprises:
a) kneading or mixing the dalteparin, salts and/or derivatives thereof with the inert and amphiphilic compounds in the absence of solvents or in water-alcoholic solvents;
b) mixing the granules from step a) with the hydrophilic excipients and subsequent compression and compaction;
c) optionally, gastro-protective film-coating of the oral solid forms from step b).
Amphiphilic compounds for use according to the invention comprise polar lipids of type I or II (lecithin, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine), ceramides, glycol alkyl ethers such as diethylene glycol monomethyl ether (Transcutol®), polyoxyethylated castor oil, polysorbates, phosphoacetylcholine, sodium laurylsulfate, fatty acids sucroesters, polyethylene glycols.
The lipophilic matrix consists of compounds selected from unsaturated and/or hydrogenated fatty acids and salts, esters or amides thereof, fatty acids mono-, di or triglycerides of polyoxyethylated derivatives thereof, waxes, cholesterol derivatives, long chain alcohols or mixtures thereof, whose melting point ranges from 40° to 90° C.
If desired, a fatty acid calcium salt dispersed in an hydrophilic matrix prepared with alginic acid can be englobated inside the lipophilic matrix, to markedly increase the hydrophilic matrix viscosity, due to penetration of the solvent until contacting the lipophilic matrix granules dispersed therein.
According to an embodiment of the invention, a pharmaceutical composition for the oral administration of heparin is obtained, by preparing first an inert, amphiphilic matrix with high content in heparin, typically ranging from 5 to 95% w/w, through dispersion of heparin in amphiphilic compounds, such as lecithin, other polar lipids of type II, surfactants or diethylene glycol monoethylene; the resulting mixture is then mixed or kneaded, usually while hot, with lipophilic compounds suitable to form an inert matrix, for example saturated or unsaturated fatty acids, such as palmitic, stearic, myristic or oleic acids, cetyl alcohol, glyceryl behenate, glyceryl palmitostearate or mixtures thereof with other fatty acids having shorter chain, or salts or derivatives of the cited fatty acids, alone or in combination with waxes, ceramides, cholesterol derivatives or other apolar lipids in various ratios, selected so that the melting or softening points of the lipophilic compounds mixtures range from 40° to 90° C.
The resulting lipophilic/amphiphilic matrix is then reduced into granules by an extrusion and/or granulation process, or by other known processes which keep the macro-homogeneous matrix dispersion structure of the starting mix.
The hydrophilic matrix to add subsequently consists of hydrogels, i.e., substances which, when passing from the anhydrous to the hydrated state, undergo the so-called molecular relaxation, characterized by a marked increase in volume and weight following coordination of a large number of water molecules by the polar groups present in the polymeric chains of the hydrogels.
Examples of hydrogels for use according to the invention are compounds selected from acrylic or methacrylic acids polymers or copolymers, alkyl vinyl polymers, hydroxyalkyl celluloses, carboxyalkyl celluloses, polysaccharides, dextrins, pectins, starches and derivatives, natural or synthetic gums, alginic acid.
Hydrophilic compounds having bio-adhesive properties can further be used advantageously.
The granules of lipophilic/amphiphilic matrix containing the active ingredient are mixed with the above cited hydrophilic compounds in weight ratios typically ranging from 100:0.5 to 100:20 (lipophilic matrix:hydrophilic matrix). Part of the heparin can optionally be mixed with the hydrophilic compounds to obtain compositions in which the active ingredient is dispersed both in the lipophilic matrix and in the hydrophilic matrix, said compositions being preferably in the form of tablets, capsules and/or mini-matrices.
The compression of the mixture consisting of lipophilic/amphiphilic matrix, hydrogel-forming compound and optional active ingredient not embedded in the lipophilic matrix, as well a any functional excipients, produces a structure macroscopically homogeneous throughout its volume, namely a matrix containing a dispersion of the lipophilic and amphiphilic granules in a hydrophilic matrix.
Oral solid forms such as tablets, capsules, matrix granules or mini-matrices obtainable according to the invention can be optionally subjected to conventional coating processes with gastro-resistant films, such as methacrylic acids polymers (Eudragit®) or cellulose derivatives, such as cellulose acetophthalate and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate.
The compositions of the invention ensure the controlled release of the heparin or heparin derivatives into the last part of small intestine and colon, wherein the antithrombotic, antiinflammatory, immunomodulating and endothelium-regulating activities of heparin on the intestinal mucosa and sub-mucosa provide an effective treatment of both active phases and relapses of ulcerative colitis, Chron's disease, sigmoiditis, procititis and aspecific bowel inflammatory diseases.
For the envisaged therapeutical uses, suitable doses of heparin can range from 5 to 1000 mg per single administration, one to three times a day, with a daily dosage preferably ranging from 5 to 1000 mg.
In one embodiment heparin, salts and/or derivatives thereof as herein mentioned refers to dalteparin, salts and/or derivatives thereof. Additionally preferred salts and/or derivatives are selected from sodium dalteparin and calcium dalteparin.
In a further embodiment, there is provided a method for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) in a patient in need of such treatment, comprising administering to the patient an effective amount of dalteparin, salts and/or derivatives thereof. The disease may be selected from active phases and relapses of ulcerative colitis, Chron's disease, sigmoiditis, proctitis and aspecific bowel inflammatory diseases. The compound administered may be selected from dalteparin, salts and/or derivatives thereof. Preferred salts and/or derivatives are selected from sodium dalteparin and calcium dalteparin.


EXAMPLES
The following examples illustrate the invention in greater detail.
Examples 1-7
Heparin Tablets for the Controlled-Release in the Colon










Quali-quantitative composition for each tablet















Components
Um
Ex. 1
Ex. 2
Ex. 3
Ex. 4
Ex. 5
Ex. 6
Ex. 7


















Active ingredient










Unfractioned heparin
Mg
50
150
250
500
700
85
1000


Lipophilic component










Cetyl alcohol
Mg
15



20




Stearic acid
Mg

65




140


Glyceryl behenate
Mg


100






Hydrogenated castor oil
Mg



54





Glyceryl palmitosterate
Mg





12



White wax
Mg






10


Carnuba wax
Mg




20
1



Amphiphilic component










Soy lecithin
Mg
10








Phosphoacetylcholine


10







Sodium laurylsulfate



25



10


Polysorbate




10

1
10


Poe castor oil





15
1



Hydrophilic polymer










Sodium
Mg
50



10




carboxymethylcellulose










Hydroxypropyl
Mg

150



20



methylcellulose










Hydroxypropyl cellulose
Mg


200



200


Hydroxyethyl cellulose
Mg



168





Hydroxymethyl cellulose
Mg




200




Glidant










Talc
Mg
10
12
10
15
15
1.5
20


Anhydrous colloidal silica 
Mg
20
28
10
5
5
0.5
10


Lubricant










Magnesium stearate
Mg
10
10
10


1
15


Hydrogenated castor oil
Mg



30
30
2



Diluent










Mannitol
Mg
550








Microcrystalline cellulose 
Mg

225

200





Lactose monohydrate
Mg


345






Dibasic calcium phosphate
Mg

200

218





Calcium carbonate
Mg




150




Coating










Acrylic polymers
Mg
32
32
32
32
32
3.2
32


Talc
Mg
15
15
15
15
15
1.5
15


Triethyl citrate
Mg
3.2
3.2
3.2


0.3
3.2


Dibutyl phthalate
Mg



3.2
3.2




Titanium dioxide
Mg
6
6
6
6
6
0.6
6


Iron oxide
Mg
3
3
3
3
3
0.3
3


Polyethylene glycol 600
Mg
1
1
1
1
1
0.1
1









Examples 8-14
Heparin Tablets for the Controlled-Release in the Colon
Examples 8-14










Quali-quantitative composition per each tablet















Components
Um
Ex. 8
Ex. 9
Ex. 10
Ex. 11
Ex. 12
Ex. 13
Ex. 14


















Active ingredient










LMW heparin
Mg
100
15
250
500
700
8.5
1000


(MW range 2000-10000)










Lipophilic component










Cetyl alcohol
Mg
50



20




Stearic acid
Mg

6.5




140


Glyceryl behenate
Mg


100






Hydrogenated castor oil
Mg



54





Glyceryl palmitosterate
Mg





1.2



White wax
Mg






10


Carnuba wax
Mg




20
0.1



Amphiphilic component










Soy lecithin
Mg
10








Phosphoacetylcholine


1







Sodium laurylsulfate



25



10


Polysorbate




10

0.1
10


Poe castor oil





15
0.1



Hydrophilic polymer










Sodium
Mg
50



10




carboxymethylcellulose










Hydroxypropyl
Mg

15



2



methylcellulose










Hydroxypropyl cellulose
Mg


200



200


Hydroxyethyl cellulose
Mg



168





Hydroxymethyl cellulose
Mg




200




Glidant










Talc
Mg
10
1.2
10
15
15
0.15
20


Anhydrous colloidal silica 
Mg
20
2.8
10
5
5
0.05
10


Lubricant










Magnesium stearate
Mg
10
1
10


0.05
15


Hydrogenated castor oil
Mg



30
30
0.2



Diluent










Mannitol
Mg
550








Microcrystalline cellulose 
Mg

22.5

200





Lactose monohydrate
Mg


345






Dibasic calcium phosphate
Mg

200

218





Calcium carbonate
Mg




150




Coating










Acrylic polymers
Mg
32
3.2
32
32
32
0.32
32


Talc
Mg
15
1.5
15
15
15
0.15
15


Triethyl citrate
Mg
3.2
0.3
3.2


0.05
3.2


Dibutyl phthalate
Mg



3.2
3.2




Titanium dioxide
Mg
6
0.6
6
6
6
0.06
6


Iron oxide
Mg
3
0.3
3
3
3
0.03
3


Polyethylene glycol 600
Mg
1
0.1
1
1
1
0.02
1









Example 15
2 Kg of sodium Parnaparin are mixed with 100 g of stearic acid, 150 g of sodium laurylsulfate and 40 g of magnesium stearate before being compacted by compression. The resulting slugs are forced through a granulator fitted with a mesh screen suited to break the compacted granules to 2 mm maximum size; then 500 g of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, 1000 g of microcrystalline cellulose, 1000 g of lactose, 130 g of colloidal silica and 80 g of magnesium stearate are added. After thoroughly mixing, the powders are tabletted with a biconvex tooling to unitary weight of about 500 mg. The resulting cores are then placed in a coating pan and coated with a gastro-protective film containing methacrylic copolymers of type A and B, titanium dioxide, talc, triethyl citrate, iron oxides and polyethylene glycol. The resulting tablets showed the characteristic slow dissolution profile, releasing the active ingredient linearly and progressively in about 8 hours.
Example 16
1.2 Kg of sodium Parnaparin are mixed with 50 g of stearic acid, 100 g of sodium cholate and kneaded with a solution containing an acrylic polymer. After granulation through a 3 mm screen and subsequent drying, 200 g of high viscosity hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, 50 g of carboxyvinyl polymer, 500 g of lactose, 500 g of microcrystalline cellulose, 80 g of colloidal silica and 70 g of magnesium stearate are added. After thoroughly mixing, the powders are tabletted to unitary weight of about 250 mg using a rotary tabletting machine. The resulting cores, after gastro-resistant film-coating with acrylic copolymers of type A and B, titanium dioxide, talc, triethyl citrate, iron oxides and polyethylene glycol, showed a progressive dissolution curve in simulated enteral juice with about 30% of active ingredient released in the first 2 hours, and at least 80% in the first 8 hours.
Example 17
600 g of sodium Parnaparin are mixed with 20 g of stearic acid, 10 g of wax, 25 g of soy lecithin and kneaded with a solution containing a medium-viscosity cellulose derivative. After granulation through a 2 mm screen and subsequent drying, 200 g of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 400 g of lactose, 550 g of microcrystalline cellulose, 50 g of colloidal silica and 30 g of magnesium stearate are added. After thoroughly mixing, the powders are tabletted to unitary weight of about 200 mg using a rotary tabletting machine. The resulting cores, after gastro-resistant film-coating with acrylic copolymers of type A and B, titanium dioxide, talc, triethyl citrate, iron oxides and polyethylene glycol, showed a progressive dissolution curve in simulated enteral juice with less than 40% of active ingredient released in the first 2 hours, and at least 80% in the first 8 hours.
Example 18
In Vivo Test
70 Wister male rats were kept fasted for 20 hours before the induction of colitis. In the morning of the experiment (day 0), the rats were injected with a 40% solution of ethanol containing 30 mg of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) by means of a single intracolonic injection. On days 1, 2 and 3 after the induction of colitis, Dalteparin sodium suspended in 0.25 mL of a 1% sodium cholate in saline (0.3 mg/rat, 0.6 mg/rat and 0.9 mg/rat), or 0.25 mL of vehicle (1% sodium cholate in saline) were instilled intracolonically. An additional group constituted by 4 untreated rats was also included. On day 4 from the induction of colitis, animals were euthanized and autopsy was performed. The colon have been isolated and 10 cm of the distal portion have been resected and weighted. The isolated distal portion has been longitudinally opened and the Mucosal Damage Area (MDA) and the Microscopic Damage Score (MDS) have been measured. The results, summarized in the table below, have been compared with those obtained from the control animals.


















Initial 
Final 
Body







body
body
weight
Colon
Macro-
Necrosis



Intracolonic
Weight
weight
variation
weight
scopic
areas
Mortality


treatment
(g)
(g)
(%)
(g)
score
(mm2)
(%)






















None
208 ± 22
235 ± 19
13
0.759 ± 0.001
0 ± 0
0 ± 0
0



(n = 4) 
(n = 4)







Vehicle
211 ± 15
168 ± 17
−20
2.06 ± 0.33
5.9 ± 0.33
613.5 ± 185.3
10



(n = 10)
(n = 9)







Dalteparin
210 ± 12
166 ± 14
−21
1.72 ± 0.30
5.6 ± 0.52
463.4 ± 89.6 
0


sodium
(n = 10)
 (n = 10)







0.3









mg/rat/die









Dalteparin
211 ± 12
180 ± 17
−15
1.80 ± 0.38
 4.9 ± 1.05*
309.9 ± 155.8
10


sodium
(n = 10)
(n = 9)







0.6









mg/rat/die









Dalteparin
211 ± 16
176 ± 15
−17
1.76 ± 0.22
5.8 ± 0.44
492.5 ± 104.6
10


sodium
(n = 10)
(n = 9)







0.9









mg/rat/die
















In the vehicle control group, a significant decrease in body weight (−20%), an increase in colon weight (2.06±0.33), an evident MDA (613.5±185.3) and a Macroscopic Damage Score (5.9±0.33) of the distal colon were observed, in comparison with untreated rats.
The treatment with dalteparin sodium was effective in reducing all the considered parameters. In particular, the most effective dose was the intermediate one (0.6 mg/rat), which exerted a significant reduction of the MDA (309.9±155.8), of the MDS (4.9±1.05) and of the weight loss (−15%). The low dose (0.3 mg/rat) was able to significantly reduce the weight of the colon (1.72±0.30) and the MDA (4.9±1.05), and the high dose (0.9 mg/rat) was able to significantly reduce the weight of the colon (1.76±0.22), in comparison with the vehicle control group.
Example 19
Dalteparin Sodium 210.0 mg Controlled-Release Tablets










Component

















Tablet core:



Dalteparin sodium



Stearic acid



Lecithin



Hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose



Ammonio methacrylate copolymer, type B



Mannitol



Talc



Silica, colloidal anhydrous



Magnesium stearate



Film-coating



Methacrylic acid copolymer, type A



Methacrylic acid copolymer, type B



Titanium dioxide



Talc



Triethylcitrate










6.720 Kg of dalteparin sodium were mixed with 0.480 Kg of stearic acid, 0.192 Kg of lecithin, 9.696 Kg of mannitol and 0.288 Kg of anhydrous colloidal silica. Then 4.800 Kg of ammonio methacrylate copolymer type B, 0.288 Kg of magnesium stearate, 0.288 Kg of talc and 6.720 Kg of hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose were added. The mixture was kept under mixing until homogeneity was obtained, and was subsequently granulated by dry granulation. The obtained granulate was tabletted to obtain tablet cores with a nominal weight of 0.921 g.
The resulting tablet cores were placed into a coating pan and were coated with a gastro-protective coating using an ethanolic suspension of methacrylic acid copolymer type A, methacrylic acid copolymer type B, titanium dioxide, talc and triethylcitrate. The obtained gastro-resistant film coated tablets were dried at 60° C. for 4 hours.
The tablets were tested in two dissolution tests in the following conditions:
2 hours in HCl 0.1N;
8 hours in pH 7.2 phosphate buffer;
The active substance release amount for each dissolution test is reported below:
HCl 0.1N (2 hours): 10%;
pH 7.2 phosphate buffer:


    
    
        2 hours: ≦35%;
        4 hours: ≧15%-≦55%;
        8 hours: ≧80%.
    
    


Example 20
Dalteparin Sodium 210.0 mg Controlled-Release Tablets










Component

















Tablet core:



Dalteparin sodium



Cetyl alcohol



Sucrose monopalmitate



Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose



Calcium phosphate, dibasic anhydrous



Talc



Silica, colloidal anhydrous



Magnesium stearate



Film-coating



Methacrylic acid copolymer, type A



Methacrylic acid copolymer, type B



Titanium dioxide



Talc



Triethylcitrate










2.100 Kg of dalteparin sodium were mixed with 0.140 Kg of cetyl alcohol and 0.050 Kg of sucrose monopalmitate. Then, 3.000 Kg of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 3.040 Kg of anhydrous dibasic calcium phosphate, 90 g of talc, 90 g of anhydrous colloidal silica and 90 g of magnesium stearate were added. The mixture was kept under mixing for 20 minutes, then it was tabletted to obtain tablet cores with a nominal weight of 0.860 g.
The resulting tablet cores were placed into a coating pan and were coated with a gastro-protective coating using an ethanolic suspension of methacrylic acid copolymer type A, methacrylic acid copolymer type B, titanium dioxide, talc and triethylcitrate. The obtained gastro-resistant film coated tablets were dried at 60° C. for 4 hours.
The tablets were tested in two dissolution tests in the following conditions:
2 hours in HCl 0.1N;
8 hours in pH 7.2 phosphate buffer;
The active substance release amount for each dissolution test is reported below:
HCl 0.1N (2 hours): ≦10%;
pH 7.2 phosphate buffer:


    
    
        2 hours: ≦35%;
        4 hours: ≧15%-≦55%;
        8 hours: ≧80%.

## Claims

1. An oral pharmaceutical composition for the controlled release of dalteparin, salts and/or derivatives thereof, comprising:
a) a lipophilic/amphiphilic matrix which comprises at least one amphiphilic compound and at least one lipophilic compound with a melting point below 90° C. in which at least dalteparin, salts and/or derivatives thereof is at least partially dispersed;
b) a hydrophilic matrix which comprises at least one hydrophilic compound in which the lipophilic/amphiphilic matrix is dispersed; and
c) other physiologically acceptable excipients, said amphiphilic compounds being selected from the group consisting of polar lipids type I or II, glycol alkyl ethers, polyoxyethylenated castor oil, polysorbate, phosphoacetylcholine, sodium laurylsulfate, fatty acid sucroesters and polyethylene glycols,
wherein the dalteparin, salts and/or derivatives thereof is dispersed both in the hydrophilic matrix and in the lipophilic/amphiphilic matrix;
wherein the oral composition is in the form of tablets, capsules or mini-matrices; and
wherein the dosage range of dalteparin, salts and/or derivatives thereof is 5-1000 mg per single dose.

2. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the polar lipids of type I or II are selected from the group consisting of lecithin, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine and wherein the glycol alkyl ether is diethylene glycol monomethyl ether.

3. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the lipophilic compound is selected from the group consisting of unsaturated and/or hydrogenated fatty acids, the salts, esters or amides thereof, fatty acids mono-, di- or triglycerides, polyoxyethylated derivatives thereof, waxes, cholesterol derivatives, and long chain aliphatic alcohols.

4. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the hydrophilic matrix comprises hydrogel-forming compounds.

5. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the hydrophilic matrix comprises compounds selected from the group consisting of acrylic or methacrylic acids polymers or copolymers, alkyl vinyl polymers, hydroxyalkyl celluloses, carboxyalkyl celluloses, polysaccharides, dextrins, pectins, starches and derivatives, alginic acid, natural gums and synthetic gums.

6. The composition as claimed in claim 1, in the solid form with gastro-resistant coating.

7. The composition as claimed in claim 6, wherein the gastro-resistant coating comprises methacrylic acid polymers or cellulose derivatives.

8. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the compounds which form the hydrophilic matrix have bio-adhesive properties.

9. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the dalteparin salt is selected from the group consisting of sodium dalteparin and calcium dalteparin.

10. The composition as claimed in claim 9, wherein the dalteparin salt is sodium dalteparin.

11. A process for the preparation of the composition of claim 1, which comprises:
a) kneading or mixing the dalteparin, salts and/or derivatives thereof with the lipophilic and amphiphilic compounds in the absence of solvents or in water-alcoholic solvents to form granules;
b) mixing the granules from step a) with the hydrophilic compound and subsequent compression and compaction;
c) optionally, gastro-protective film-coating of the oral solid forms from step b).

12. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein upon administration of the composition to a patient, a progressive release of dalteparin, salts and/or derivatives thereof in the intestinal tract is obtained.

13. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein upon administration of the composition to a patient, a progressive release of dalteparin, salts and/or derivatives thereof in the last part of intestine and colon is obtained.