Proposed Methodology 

for a Comparative Analysis of 

ASHRAW IESNA 90.1 -1 999 

Davld Winiarski, 

Pacific Northwest National Laboratorv 

February 17 2000 

Quaiitative Analysis 

Provide for companson of efficiency bv seclion an0 

specfic resuirements I . ldentrfy areas mere scope or standards are different 

and exarntne imoaa on eriiciency 

. Examine impact of 90 1-59 requ,rement for mandatory 

language 

Identify areas mere stringency IS relaxed and 

examine wnv 

. Prov~de data for state-by-state evaiuatlons of Slandara 

90 1-1 999 

Qualitative Analysis -Cont. 

Pr~nclpal Areas Analyzed 

Scope or the stanaard 

Bu~ld~ng envelope reauirements 

. Building lighting requirements 

. Building mechanical equipment ana svstem 

design rwuirements 

Paths to cornoliance 

 6450-01-P COMMENT 02CC
IW Quantitative Analysis 

Examine whole burlding impact of 

changes in requirements 

Focus on the major energy uses that can 

be modeled effectively 

Cover broad range of building types - get 

national picture of energy impact 

Account for variation in building and 

system design where important for 

determination of savings 

Savings based on utilization index 

comparison between 90.1-1989 and 90.1- 

1999 

Utilization indices calculated as annual 

site energy, source energy, and energy 

dollars per square foot of conditioned 

area 

Past Work: What we looked at 

last summer 

Two bu~ld~ng types (office and retail) 

L~ghtweight (Steel Frame 1 and Mass 

Wall 

- Fossil fuel (gas) and electr~caily heatec 

bu~ldings in 90110 mix across country 

11 remesentative climates 

 6450-01-P COMMENT 02CC
Enhancements Proposed 

Qullctnm analyols of requirements 

R.Uan rtflngoncy of r.qulmmnts (am we gong In th -rlpm dlRcltOn 7) 

Emnunam d d~fh~mncoa wh~ch are dlmtun to mod* a tor whlch daIa to aswas naIlonal Impan Is lUMd 

Mom buWng types In quantltatlve estimate 

Get mao stakehoider Input on assumptions 

US. rqpmal fu.1 costs 

Use mgmi hertlng fuel mlx 

Agg- across building slzes 

Enhancements Proposed - 

cant. 

Examme affect of WWR on energy savings 

Look at impact of "envelope alone", 

"HVAC and SWH alone", "lighting alone" 

Better accounting for economizer usage 

Use more recent information on 

equipment usage 

Account for residential-sized cooling 

equipment efficiencies 

Overview of Approach 

See seoarate hanaout show~ng 

 6450-01-P COMMENT 02CC
Why Generic Building 

Development of highly detailed protowpe for 

each building type analvzed does nor ada 

value for national estimate 

It is important to establish charactenstics that 

dtstingutsh one butldtng class from anotner 

Charactenzing large classes of buildtngs 

rwutres elimlnating onentation and other 

t biases that would exist in choosing actual 

butldlngs 

Generic Building Prototype 

Three story. 15-zone 

Malor 

parametersicharactenstlcs 

aiffer by building type 

Loads from the generic 

build~ng can be scalea to 

different building 

(s~zesntones~ using a 

"scaling" algorithm 

1 Modeled Systems 

What is ~n? \ahat is cut? 

E-veiope Elevators 

lrtenor Lighting Cooking 

HVAC . Exter~or L ghting 

E~~,~~~~~ ~fi~,~~~:~~ fens not nsceled in elnor 

--" 20 I.:~SS :-30 13; _.-nomizers 

. Sew~ce Water Heating 

Plug Loads 

. infiitration 

 6450-01-P COMMENT 02CC
Building Descriptions 

Equtpment Schedules and olug loads 

ASHRAE 90 1-1989 Schedules ~~tn mmdicat~ons 

based on ELCAP ut~l!ties and oner c-erwnq 

studles as well as CBECS houn of aoeration oata 

Plug load denstttes based on ASHRAE 90 1 

1989. ELCAP ut~lltles and other rnelenng 

studtes 

Ventllatton requirements 

Based on Slandard 62-1989 (15 - 23 dnioenon) 

Building Descriptions- cont. 

Envelope charactensttcs 

WWR's vaned by building type casea on 

CBECS data 

U-value for wails and roofs oasea on selectea 

verslon of Standard 90.1 and selected 

walllroof type for analysis as well as WWR 

- SHGC or SC based on selectea version of 

Standard 90.1 and WWR 

I Building Descriptions - cont. 

Prooosed studv assumes single zs-e esdipment 

3nly 

. Central systems lore di%cdlt to mooel -sFe sdsceotible 

to bias on the pan of the building oes ar arc zsning 

Central svsterns not 'scalable r 8eTs s c. ring slze 

Hard to accress national moan 

Can central svstems oe effenivelv aanresse3 

~ual~tativeiv or bi sarnoie ouilaino s *, ar o-s The base 

~u~ldinq thermal maas are essent ally we sa-e as with 

'ne single zone rnoaei the difference s N m -et svstern 

I performance Are there reasons to s~saec .*at the 

jmprovernent in central system eri;c~encu u I ce substantially less tnan for single zcne ;#steps 

 6450-01-P COMMENT 02CC
Representative Climates 

11 representative cl~mates are result of 

statistical clustering analysis of 11 cllrnate 

parameters using data from TMY weatner 

tapes 

Same cl~mates as were used by 90 1 

comrnlttee ~n develooment of 90 1-1999 

Representative Climate 

Locations (TMYZ sites) 

1 Proposed study based on seven 

commercial building types 

PnrxlpiBuddoc knousi Enciqr 

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' Wura '"LC1 119) 

 6450-01-P COMMENT 02CC
W Permutations 

- Lightwe~ght (Steel Frame) vs. Mass 

wall construct~on 

Foss11 Fuel (Gas) Furnace vs. Eiectr~c 

Res~stance Heating 

- Econorn~zer Usage 

Building Characterization 

Is steel framing the best choice to represent 

l~ghtweight constructton ror all budding types 

(particularly Warehouse)? 

Should warehouses oe treated as semiheated space for 90 1-1999 If so, what 

should be the heating setpoint temperature? 

Should setbacldsetup be assumed for all 

buildings? 

I Fd Average WWR by building type 

au~ldtng Average Window-Wall-Ratio (CBECSOZ 

Type Size (sf) (by Building Srze) 

Small Avg Large 

3ffice 16 522 6% 30% 3995 

'Aercantiie '2969 .2% '3% '=^L d, 

Education 25 051 :0% 23% :Fj3L 

-cdg!ng 22 724 9% 24% 2: A 

Dubll~ Assembly '2 1M) . 1% '5% '3O4 

Food Seruce 4756 '5% '8% Zq-L 

.Yarehwse 14 036 -- i% 

 6450-01-P COMMENT 02CC
- Two me@mds to handle vanation in windowto-wail pdtio 

1) Anawe me IrnDacr of changes in WWR usinq a 

sso~ analysis 

2) Tiaa WR as a mrrnutation and aagregate 

rew3 bslng the five WWR bins in CBECS92 

I'@kx+dn u8e of 1992 data as oasls for analysis as 

ww as assigning 'typtcal WR for ead bin1 Note 

ssue rmh CBECS WWR data 

Determining Envelope 

Requirements 

90.1-'989: Use ENVSTD 

Soeie to get prescnbed WWR 

Use U-values airectly from ENVSTD 

90.1-'399: Use Prescr~pt~ve Tables 

Lighting Power Densities 

Proposi. ses whole-building approacn for both 

W 1-1929 and 90 1-1999 

In quaina?+e analysis we will compare space ov 

space rs:nods and examine aadttionai llghting 

Dower a ,oMances 

Preseniv rioking for information regarding 

fraction c' :uiidings which compiy to local energy 

codes cs.~ space-ov-space as opposed to 

whole t~ ding methods, as well as methods to 

Incorpom:e th~s infonnatlon into quantitative 

analyss 

t 

 6450-01-P COMMENT 02CC
Mechanical Systems I I 

Cooling efficiency based on sh~pped caoacitv 

wetghtlng of eficlency ot pacitageo cooling 

equlprnent 

Incorporate 3-phase <65 000 Btulh 

equlprnent In efficiency weighting 

Account for 0 2 in EER deductton nonelectric heat~ng sections througn proper 

increase In fan static 

Shipment weighted economizer usage bv 

census dlvlsion 

Mechanical System Cont. 

Account for Improvement in iacket loss in 

both gas and electnc furnaces 

Assume furnace thermal efficiencv eauai to 

cornbustlon efficiency -jacket loss 

Use ASHRAE appl~cation handbook to slze 

service hot water systems to identify 

characteristic standbv losses bv building type 

Mechanical Systems cont. 

Fan Power assumptions I both standartisl 

1 25 In Base Static 

Building tvpe adders (1) 5 or 1 0 11 bv building 

me 

System aeslgn aaaen (economizer 0 05 n 

gas fumace -0 2 in I 

Gas fumace svstem aoaer designed to 

provide constant compressor penormance for 

gas and electnc heat svstems 

 6450-01-P COMMENT 02CC
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 6450-01-P COMMENT 02CC
EUI Aggregation cont. 

Climate to sub census dlvision 

rnapplng - sub census d~vlslons used 

to capture fuel price and climat~c 

vanatron in paclfrc and mountam-west 

census d~v~s~ons 

Bullding level aggregation (15 foot 

penrneter depth assumed and scal~ng 

algonthm used) - -- - 

Calculation of Utilization 

I 3fe E-, . Telnoa tor reoort.ng eneroy Lse Dasea or- 

'-9 mn~~rno~~on veasureo at :he c~stsrner s s ie I 

:yp~caily by fuel type 

Sourre EUI - converts enerov use0 at the site lo a I source energy equweient tdiccount for conversion 

osses t WEJEIA Nattonal electnctty source conversion I I = :0.301 BtuikWh) 

Ensmv Con lECi1- reflects the costs the customer I *iouM'~av ny multloiylng slte energy use by the 

assbrnw utility rates (Est~malea from EIA s AEO 2000 I be1 cost data by sun census a:vlsion) 

What WE Can Do 

I Provtde qualitative assessment for review I 

Provide assumptions, Input parameters, 

input decks, detailed results of 

quantitattve analysis 

Participate in discussions of inputs and 

additional simulations needed for 

Determination 

 6450-01-P COMMENT 02CC
Provide ~nput on assumptions 

Fill in data gaps where possible 

ldentlfy relative importance of areas for 

study 

Provide constructive cr~ticlsm 

Consider Impact of results for future 

standard development 

 6450-01-P COMMENT 02CC