[Cite as State v. Roberson , 2021-Ohio-1422.]



### IN THE COURT OF APPEALS FIRST APPELLATE DISTRICT OF OHIO HAMILTON COUNTY, OHIO

STATE OF OHIO, Plaintiff-Appellee,

vs. KEVIN ROBERSON, Defendant-Appellant. :

:

:

:

: APPEAL NO. C-200074 TRIAL NO. B-1804845-A

O P I N I O N.

Criminal Appeal From: Hamilton County Court of Common Pleas Judgment Appealed From Is: Appeal Dismissed Date of Judgment Entry on Appeal: April 23, 2021

Joseph T. Deters , Hamilton County Pros ecuting Attorney, and H. Keith Sauter

, Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, for Plaintiff-Appellee,

Kevin Roberson , pro se.OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS

2 Z AYAS , Presiding Judge. 

### {¶1} Defendant-appellant Kevin Roberson appeals the Hamilton County Common Pleas Court’s judgment overruling his 2020 “Motion to Vacate Void
Judicial Sanction.” Because we lack jurisdiction to review that judgment, we dismiss the appeal.

Procedural Posture 

### {¶2} In 2016, in the case numbered B-1505520, Roberson was convicted upon guilty pleas to attempted felonious assault and carrying a concealed weapon. The trial court imposed prison terms of “1 yr.” each for attempt, its accompanying firearm specification, and carrying a concealed weapon and imposed a period of postrelease-control supervision of up to 3 years. Roberson did not appeal his convictions. Upon his release from prison in 2017, he was placed on postrelease
control. 

### {¶3} In 2019, in the case numbered B-1804845-A, Roberson was convicted upon guilty pleas to theft and telecommuni cations fraud. The trial court imposed concurrent prison terms of 12 months for theft and 12 months for telecommunications fraud, along with a cons ecutive prison term of 18 months for violating the postrelease-control sanction imposed in the case numbered B-1505520, “for an agreed aggregate sentence of 30 months * * *.” Again, Roberson did not appeal. 

### {¶4} I n 2020, in the case numbered B-1804845-A, Roberson filed with the common pleas court the “Motion to Vacate Void Judicial Sanction” from which this appeal derives. In that motion, Robers on asked to court to vacate the prison sentence imposed in B-1804845-A for his violation of the postrelease-control sanction imposed in B-1505520. He argued that po strelease control could not have been imposed in the absence of a “valid” prison sentence , and that the “1 yr.” prison terms imposed in B-1505520 for attempted felo nious assault and carrying aOHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS

3 concealed weapon were void, when the statutorily authorized prison terms for those
offenses were “twelve * * * months.” 

### {¶5} The common pleas court overruled th e motion upon concluding both that the court lacked jurisdic tion to entertain the motion and that the motion lacked merit. In this appeal, Roberson presents a single assignment of error challenging the overruling of the motion. The challenge is untenable.

No Jurisdiction 

### {¶6} In his “Motion to Vacate Vo id Judicial Sanction,” Roberson asked the common pleas court to vacate as void the prison term imposed in 2019 for violating the postrelease-control sanction imposed in 2016. He argued that the 2019 postrelease-control violation was based on the unauthorized postrelease-control portions of the unauthorized sentences im posed in 2016 for attempt and concealed carry. In this appeal, he challenges the common pleas court’s denial of relief on that basis. We conclude that the common pleas court had no jurisdiction to entertain the motion, and that this court has no jurisdicti on to review the judgment overruling the

motion. 

### {¶7} No common pleas court jurisdiction. Roberson failed to designate in his “Motion to Va cate Void Judicial Sanction” a statute or rule under which the relief sought might have been afforded. Thus, the common pleas court was
left to “recast” the motion “into whatever category necessary to identify and establish the criteria by which the motion should be judged.” See State v. Schlee , 117 Ohio St.3d 153, 2008-Ohio-545, 882 N.E.2d 431, ¶ 12 and syllabus. 

### {¶8} But the common pleas court could not have afforded Roberson the relief sought in his motion pursuant to any post conviction procedure provided by statute or rule. The motion was not reviewable by the court under the st andards provided by R.C. 2953.21 et seq., governing the proceedings upon a petition for postconviction relief, because the motion did not seek re lief based on a constitutional violationOHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS

4 during the proceedings resulting in Roberson’s convictions. See State v. Powell , 90 Ohio App.3d 260, 264, 629 N.E.2d 13 (1st Dist.1993) (citing R.C. 2953.21(A)(1) to hold that “the violation upon which [a post conviction] petitioner relies to establish his right to relief must be of constitution al dimension, and it must have occurred at the time the petitioner was tried and convic ted of a criminal offense”). The motion was not reviewable under Crim.R. 33 as a motion for a new trial, because the convictions in both cases were upon guilty pleas. And the motion was not reviewable under Crim.R. 32.1, when the motion did not seek to withdraw those guilty pleas.
Nor was the motion reviewable under R.C. Ch apter 2731 as a petition for a writ of mandamus, under R.C. Chapter 2721 as a declaratory judgment action, or under R.C. Chapter 2725 as a petition for a writ of habeas corpus, because the motion did not satisfy those statutes’ procedural requirements. See R.C. 2731.04, 2721.12(A), and 2725.04. And Crim.R. 57(B) did not require the common pleas court to entertain the motion under Civ.R. 60(B), because Roberson’s sentences were reviewable under the procedures provided for a direct appeal. 

### {¶9} Nor could the common pleas court have corrected Roberson’s sentences under its jurisdiction to correct a void judgment. Those sentences are not void because the trial court, in imposing senten ce, acted with personal and subject-matter jurisdiction. See State v. Henderson , 161 Ohio St.3d 285, 2020-Ohio-4784, 162 N.E.3d 776, ¶ 43 (holding that an error in a sentence imposed by a court with personal and subject-matter jurisdiction is voidable, not void, and the voidable sentence may not be challenged in a postconviction motion). 

### {¶10} Because the common pleas court had no jurisdiction to entertain the motion, the court should have dismissed the motion. Therefore, the court cannot be said to have erred in declining to gr ant the relief soug ht in the motion. 

### {¶11} No court of appeals jurisdiction. Moreover, Article IV, Section 3(B)(2) of the Ohio Constitution conf ers upon an appellate court only “ suchOHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS

5 jurisdiction as may be provided by law to review and affirm, modify, or reverse judgments or final orders of the courts of record inferior to the court of appeals
within the district * * *.” No law provides this court with j urisdiction to review the common pleas court’s judgment denying the relief sought in Roberson’s “Motion to
Vacate Void Judici al Sanction.” 

### {¶12} A court of appeals has jurisdiction under R.C. 2953.02 or 2953.08 to review a judgment of conviction entered in a criminal case. Here, Roberson does not appeal the 2016 and 2019 judgments of conviction imposing the sentences challenged in his motion. He appeals the entry denying him the relief sought in his postconviction motion seeking an order vaca ting those sentences. That entry is not reviewable under the statutory grant of jurisd iction to review a cr iminal conviction. 

### {¶13} A court of appeals also has juris diction under R.C. 2953.23(B) to review an order awarding or denying postconviction relief. But as we determined, Roberson’s motion was not reviewable by the common pleas court under the postconviction statutes. In turn, the entry overruling that motion was not appealable under R.C. 2953.23(B). 

### {¶14} Finally, a court of appeals has jurisdiction u nder R.C. 2505.03(A) to review and affirm, modify, or reverse the “f inal order, judgment or decree” of an
inferior court. R.C. 2505.0 2 identifies four types of “fin al order[s]” pertinent to our analysis here: an order that “affects a substantial right” and is entered (1) “in an
action ” and “in effect determines the action and prevents a judgment,” (2) “in a special [statutory] proceeding ” that “prior to 1853 was no t denoted as an action at law or a suit in equity,” or (3) “upon a summary application in an action after judgment”; and (4) an order that “grants or denies a provisional remedy,” entered in

“a proceeding ancillary to an action ,” if the order “in effect determines the action with respect to the provisional remedy and pr events a judgment in the action in favor of the appealing party with respect to the provisional re medy,” and “[t]he appealingOHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS

6 party would not be afforded a meaningful or effective remedy by an appeal following final judgment as to all proceedings, issu es, claims, and parties in the action.” (Emphasis added.) R.C. 2505.02( A) and (B)(1), (2) and (4). 

### {¶15} Thus, R.C. 2505.02 defines a “final order” for purposes of the grant of jurisdiction under R.C. 2505.03 as an order entered in a pending “action” or “proceeding” or “upon a [postjudgment] summary application.” As we determined, the common pleas court should have dismissed Roberson’s motion for lack of jurisdiction, because the motion was not re viewable pursuant to any postconviction procedure provided by statute or rule or under the jurisdiction to correct a void judgment. Thus, the common pleas court’s entry denying the reli ef sought in the motion was not entered “in an action,” “in a special [statutory] proceeding,” “in a proceeding ancillary to an action,” or “upon a [postjudgment] summary application.”

See R.C. 2505.02(B)(1), (2) and (4). Accor dingly, the entry is not a “final order” reviewable by this court under the jurisd iction conferred by R.C. 2505.03(A), to review and affirm, modify, or reverse a “final order, judgment or decree.” Appeal Dismissed 

### {¶16} This court has no jurisdiction to review the common pleas court’s judgment overruling Roberson’s “Motion to Vacate Void Judi cial Sanction.” Accordingly, we dismiss this appeal. Appeal dismissed.

B ERGERON and B OCK , JJ., concur.

Please note: The court has recorded its own entry on the date of the release of this opinion.