## Proposed Methodology for a Comparative Analysis of ASHRAWIESNA 90.1-1 999

DavldWiniarski, Pacific Northwest National Laboratorv February 

### 17 

### 2000



## Quaiitative Analysis

Providefor compansonof efficiency bv seclion an0 specfic resuirements 

# I

. ldentrfyareas merescope or standards are different

and exarntne imoaaon eriiciency



# . Examine impact of 90 1-59 requ,rement for mandatory language Identify areas mere stringency IS relaxed and examinewnv



## . Prov~de data for state-by-stateevaiuatlonsof Slandara 90 1-1 999



## Qualitative Analysis -Cont.
Pr~nclpal Areas Analyzed Scope 

### or the stanaard Bu~ld~ng envelope reauirements



# . Building lighting requirements



## . Building mechanical equipment ana svstem

design rwuirements Paths to cornoliance

# IW QuantitativeAnalysis
Examine whole burlding impact of changes inrequirements Focuson the major energy uses that can be modeled effectively Cover broad range of building types

# - get national picture of energy impact Account for variation inbuilding and system design where important for determination

### of savings

Savings basedon utilization index comparison between 90.1-1989 and 90.1- 

### 1999 Utilization indices calculated as annual site energy, source energy, and energy dollars per square foot of conditioned area



## Past Work: What we looked at last summer Two bu~ld~ng types (officeand retail) L~ghtweight (Steel Frame 1 

### and Mass Wall 

# - Fossil fuel (gas)and electr~caily heatec bu~ldings in 90110 

### mix across country 11 

### remesentative climates

## Enhancements Proposed
Qullctnm analyolsof requirements

R.Uan rtflngoncyof r.qulmmnts (am we gong In th

-rlpm dlRcltOn7) Emnunam dd~fh~mncoa wh~ch are dlmtun to mod* ator whlch daIato aswas naIlonal Impan Is lUMd MombuWngtypes Inquantltatlveestimate Get 

### maostakehoider Inputon assumptions US. rqpmalfu.1 costs Use mgmi hertlngfuel mlx Agg- across building slzes



## Enhancements Proposed

# - cant.

Examme affect of 

### WWR on energy savings 

### Look at impact of "envelope alone", 

### "HVAC and 

### SWH alone", "lighting alone" Better accounting for economizer usage 

### Use more recent information on equipment usage Account for residential-sized cooling equipment efficiencies



## Overview of Approach

See seoarate hanaout show~ng

## Why Generic Building

Development of highly detailed protowpe for each building type analvzed does nor ada value for national estimate It is important to establish charactenstics that dtstingutshone butldtng class from anotner Charactenzing large classes of buildtngs rwutres elimlnating onentation and other t 

### biases that would exist inchoosing actual butldlngs



# Generic Building Prototype Three story. 15-zone Malor 

## parametersicharactenstlcs aiffer by building type Loads

### from the generic build~ng can be scalea to 

## different building (s~zesntones~ using a "scaling"

### algorithm 

# 1 Modeled Systems
What is 

## ~n? \ahat is 

## cut?

E-veiope Elevators lrtenor Lighting Cooking HVAC


## . Exter~or L 

### ghting E~~,~~~~~ ~fi~,~~~:~~ fensnot nsceled in elnor 

### --" 20 I.:~SS :-30 13; _.-nomizers



## . Sew~ce Water Heating Plug Loads



# . infiitration

## Building Descriptions
Equtpment Schedules and olug loads

ASHRAE 90 1-1989 Schedules~~tn mmdicat~ons based on ELCAP ut~l!ties and oner c-erwnq studles

### as well as CBECS hounof aoeration oata Plug load denstttes based on

### ASHRAE 

### 90 1 

### 1989. ELCAP ut~lltles and other rnelenng studtes Ventllatton requirements

Basedon Slandard 62-1989 (15 - 23 dnioenon)



## Building Descriptions- cont.
Envelope charactensttcs

WWR's vaned by building type casea on CBECS data U-value for wails and roofs oasea on selectea verslon of Standard 

### 90.1 and selected walllroof type 

### for analysis as well as WWR 

# - SHGCor SCbased on selectea version of

Standard

### 90.1 and WWR



# I Building Descriptions

# - cont.
Prooosed studv assumes single zs-e esdipment 3nly



## . Central systems loredi%cdltto mooel -sFe sdsceotible

to bias on the pan of the building oes ar arc zsning Central svsterns not 'scalable r 8eTs s c. ring slze Hard to accress national moan Can central svstems oe effenivelv aanresse3 ~ual~tativeiv or bisarnoie ouilaino s *, ar o-s The base ~u~ldinq thermal maas are essent ally we sa-e as with 'ne single zone rnoaei the difference s N m -et svstern 

### I performance Are there reasons to s~saec .*at the jmprovernent in central system eri;c~encu u I ce substantially less tnan for single zcne ;#steps

## RepresentativeClimates

11 

### representative cl~mates are result of 

### statisticalclustering analysis of 11 

### cllrnate parameters usingdata from 

## TMY weatner tapes Same cl~mates as were used by 

### 90 1 

### comrnlttee~n develooment of 

### 90 1-1999



## Representative Climate Locations 

## (TMYZ sites)



# 1 Proposed study based on seven commercial building types PnrxlpiBuddoc knousi Enciqr

~~s~in' RmltsrTe~I c umucairw omn :* I,," I. I,21f. Hzmnltk nm rota ,-3 I 3-4.:. Eduoflon -14 115.i i0OS/. :ra* we - _., WII~Z A1 % "C h82.i hhllc hmbh 

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### . muim l", r ,liimim.u. .-.I>, ' Wura '"LC1 119)

# W Permutations


# - Lightwe~ght (Steel Frame)

### vs. Mass 

### wall 

## construct~on 

## Foss11 Fuel (Gas) 

### Furnacevs. Eiectr~c Res~stance 

### Heating 

# - Econorn~zer 

### Usage



## Building Characterization

Is steel framing the best choice to represent l~ghtweight constructton ror all budding types (particularly Warehouse)? Should warehouses oe treated as semiheated space for 

### 90 

### 1-1999 If so, what should be the heating setpoint temperature? Should setbacldsetup be assumed for all buildings? 

# IFd Average 

# WWR by building 

## type au~ldtng Average Window-Wall-Ratio (CBECSOZ Type Size 

### (sf) (by Building Srze) Small Avg Large 3ffice 16 522 6% 30% 3995 'Aercantiie '2969 .2% '3% '=^L d, Education 25 051 :0% 23% :Fj3L -cdg!ng 22 724 9% 24% 2: A Dubll~ Assembly '2 1M) 

# .1% '5% '3O4 Food Seruce 4756 '5% '8% Zq-L .Yarehwse 14 036 

# -- i%

# - Two me@mds to handle vanation inwindowto-wail pdtio 1)Anawe me IrnDacr of changes in WWR usinq a

sso~ analysis 2)Tiaa WR as a mrrnutation and aagregate rew3bslng the five WWR bins in CBECS92 I'@kx+dn u8e of 1992 data as oasls for analysis as ww

### as assigning 'typtcal WR for eadbin1 Note ssue rmh CBECS WWR data



## Determining Envelope Requirements
90.1-'989: Use ENVSTD

Soeie to get prescnbed 

### WWR Use U-values airectly from 

### ENVSTD 

### 90.1-'399: Use Prescr~pt~ve Tables



## Lighting Power Densities Proposi. seswhole-building approacn for both 

### W 1-1929and 90 1-1999 In quaina?+e analysis we will compare space ov space rs:nods and examine aadttionai llghting Dower a ,oMances Preseniv rioking for information regarding fraction c' :uiidings which compiy to local energy codes cs.~ space-ov-space as opposed to whole t~ ding methods, as well as methods to Incorpom:e th~s infonnatlon into quantitative analyss

t

## Mechanical Systems 

# I I Cooling efficiency based on sh~pped caoacitv wetghtlng of eficlency ot pacitageo cooling equlprnent Incorporate 3-phase 

### <65000 Btulh equlprnent In efficiency weighting Account for 

### 0 2 in 

### EER deductton nonelectric heat~ng sections througn proper increase Infan static Shipment weighted economizer usage bv census dlvlsion



## Mechanical System Cont.

Account for Improvement in iacket loss in both gas and electnc furnaces Assume furnace thermal efficiencv eauai to cornbustlon efficiency -jacket loss Use

### ASHRAE appl~cation handbook to slze service hot water systems to identify characteristic standbv losses bv building type



## Mechanical Systems cont.

Fan Power assumptions I both standartisl

1 25 In Base Static Building tvpe adders (1) 

### 5 or 1 

### 0 11 bv building me System aeslgn aaaen (economizer0 05 n gas fumace -0 2 in I Gas fumace svstem aoaer designedto provide constant compressor penormance for gas and electnc heat svstems

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## EUI Aggregation cont.

Climateto sub census dlvision rnapplng 

# - sub census d~vlslons used to capture fuel price and climat~c vanatron in paclfrc and mountam-west census d~v~s~ons Bullding level aggregation 

### (15 foot penrneter depth assumed and scal~ng algonthm used)

-

# --

-



## Calculation of Utilization 

# I 3fe E-,


### .Telnoa tor reoort.ng eneroy Lse Dasea or- '-9 mn~~rno~~on veasureo at :he c~stsrner s s ie 

# I :yp~caily by fuel type SourreEUI

# - converts enerov use0 at the site lo a 

# I

source energy equweient tdiccount for conversion osses tWEJEIANattonal electnctty source conversion 

# I 

# I = :0.301 BtuikWh) Ensmv ConlECi1- reflects the costs the customer 

# I

*iouM'~avny multloiylng slte energy use by the assbrnw utility rates (Est~malea from EIA s AEO 2000 

# I be1cost data by sun census a:vlsion)



## What WE Can Do 

# I Provtde qualitative assessment for review 

# I
Provide assumptions, Input parameters, input decks, detailed results of quantitattve analysis Participate indiscussions of inputs and additional simulations needed for Determination

### Provide ~nput on assumptions Fill in data gaps where possible ldentlfy relative importance of areas for study Provideconstructivecr~ticlsm Consider Impact of results for future standard development