# Patent

## Title
Chip resistor and mounting structure thereof

## Abstract

A chip resistor includes a resistor board, a first electrode, a second electrode and an insulating layer. The second electrode is offset from the first electrode in a lateral direction perpendicular to the thickness direction of the resistor board. The obverse surface of the resistor board includes a first region in contact with the first electrode, a second region in contact with the second electrode and an intermediate region in contact with the insulating layer. The intermediate region is disposed between the first region and the second region in the lateral direction. The first electrode includes a first underlying layer and a first plating layer. The first underlying layer is disposed between the first plating layer and the insulating layer in the thickness direction of the resistor board.

## Background
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a chip resistor and a mounting structure of the chip resistor.
2. Description of the Related Art
Various types of resistors are conventionally known. JPA-2002-57009, for example, discloses a resistor that includes a plate-shaped resistor element and two electrodes. The two electrodes are arranged on the resistor element as spaced apart from each other. In a resistor of this type, the resistance depends on the distance between the two electrodes. To make a resistor having a high resistance, the distance between the two electrodes needs to be increased, which causes each electrode to be made small. When the electrodes are small, however, heat generated in the resistor cannot be efficiently dissipated to the outside.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention has been proposed under the circumstances described above. It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a chip resistor that has enhanced heat dissipation efficiency.
According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a chip resistor comprising a resistor board including a resistor board obverse surface, a first electrode, a second electrode and an insulating layer. The second electrode is offset from the first electrode in a second direction opposite to a first direction perpendicular to a thickness direction of the resistor board. The resistor board obverse surface includes a first region in contact with the first electrode, a second region in contact with the second electrode and an intermediate region in contact with the insulating layer. The intermediate region is disposed between the first region and the second region in the first direction. The first electrode includes a first underlying layer and a first plating layer. The first underlying layer is disposed between the first plating layer and the insulating layer in the thickness direction.
Preferably, the first underlying layer is in contact with the insulating layer.
Preferably, each of the first underlying layer and the first plating layer includes a portion that overlaps the intermediate region as viewed in the thickness direction.
Preferably, each of the first underlying layer and the first plating layer includes a portion that overlaps the first region as viewed in the thickness direction.
Preferably, wherein the first plating layer includes a first inner plating film and a first outer plating film. The first inner plating film is disposed between the first outer plating film and the first underlying layer. The first inner plating film is made of Cu, Ag or Au, whereas the first outer plating film is made of Sn.
Preferably, the first plating layer includes a first intermediate plating film, and the first intermediate plating film is disposed between the first inner plating film and the first outer plating film and made of Ni.
Preferably, the first underlying layer is exposed in the first direction.
Preferably, the first underlying layer is made of Ni or Cr.
Preferably, the first underlying layer is smaller in thickness than the insulating layer and the first plating layer.
Preferably, the first underlying layer is formed by sputtering.
Preferably, the first underlying layer is in contact with the first region.
Preferably, the first electrode includes a first electroconductive layer disposed between the first plating layer and the resistor board, and the first electroconductive layer is in contact with the first region.
Preferably, the first electroconductive layer is larger in thickness than the first underlying layer.
Preferably, the first electroconductive layer is exposed in the first direction.
Preferably, the resistor board includes a resistor board first side surface facing in the first direction. The first electrode includes an electrode side surface facing in the first direction. The resistor board first side surface and the electrode side surface are flush with each other.
Preferably, the first electrode includes a first electrode obverse surface and a first curved surface. The first electrode obverse surface and the resistor board obverse surface face in a same direction. The first curved surface connects the first electrode obverse surface and the electrode side surface to each other.
Preferably, the resistor board includes a resistor board first end surface facing in a third direction perpendicular to both of the first direction and the thickness direction. The first electrode includes an electrode first end surface facing in the third direction. The resistor board first end surface and the electrode first end surface are flush with each other.
Preferably, the resistor board includes a resistor board second end surface facing in a fourth direction opposite to the third direction. The first electrode includes an electrode second end surface facing the in the fourth direction. The resistor board second end surface and the electrode second end surface are flush with each other.
Preferably, the second electrode includes a second underlying layer and a second plating layer. The second underlying layer is disposed between the second plating layer and the insulating layer in the thickness direction.
Preferably, the second underlying layer is in contact with the insulating layer.
Preferably, each of the second underlying layer and the second plating layer includes a portion that overlaps the intermediate region as viewed in the thickness direction.
Preferably, each of the second underlying layer and the second plating layer includes a portion that overlaps the second region as viewed in the thickness direction.
Preferably, the second plating layer includes a second inner plating film and a second outer plating film. The second inner plating film is disposed between the second outer plating film and the second underlying layer. The second inner plating film is made of Cu, Ag or Au, whereas the second outer plating film is made of Sn.
Preferably, the second plating layer includes a second intermediate plating film. The second intermediate plating film is disposed between the second inner plating film and the second outer plating film and made of Ni.
Preferably, the second underlying layer is exposed in the second direction.
Preferably, the second underlying layer is made of Ni or Cr.
Preferably, the second underlying layer is smaller in thickness than the insulating layer and the second plating layer.
Preferably, the second underlying layer is formed by sputtering.
Preferably, the resistor board includes a resistor board reverse surface. The resistor board obverse surface and the resistor board reverse surface face in mutually opposite directions. The chip resistor further comprises a protective layer covering the resistor board reverse surface.
Preferably, the resistor board is made of manganin, zeranin, Ni—Cr alloy, Cu—Ni alloy or Fe—Cr alloy.
Preferably, the insulating layer includes an insulating layer obverse surface, and the first electrode and the second electrode are formed on the insulating layer obverse surface.
Preferably, the insulating layer has a thermal conductivity of 1.0 to 5.0 W/(m·K).
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a chip resistor mounting structure comprising the chip resistor according to the first aspect of the present invention, a mount board on which the chip resistor is mounted, and an electroconductive bonding portion disposed between the mount board and the chip resistor.
Other features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from detailed description given below with reference to the accompanying drawings.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a sectional view illustrating a mounting structure of a chip resistor according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the chip resistor taken along lines II-II in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 illustrates the chip resistor as seen in the direction of arrows III-III in FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a sectional view of the chip resistor taken along lines IV-IV in FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 illustrates the chip resistor as seen in the direction of arrows V-V in FIG. 1;
FIG. 6 is a partially seen-through view of the chip resistor as seen in the direction of arrows VI-VI in FIG. 1;
FIG. 7 is a view obtained by omitting the first plating layer and the second plating layer from FIG. 6;
FIG. 8 illustrates a part of the chip resistor of FIG. 1 as enlarged;
FIG. 9 illustrates a part of the chip resistor of FIG. 1 as enlarged;
FIG. 10 is a sectional view illustrating a step of a method for making the chip resistor illustrated in FIG. 1;
FIG. 11 is a plan view illustrating the step subsequent to the step of FIG. 10;
FIG. 12 is a sectional view taken along lines XII-XII in FIG. 11;
FIG. 13 is a plan view illustrating the step subsequent to the step of FIG. 11;
FIG. 14 is a sectional view taken along lines XIV-XIV in FIG. 13;
FIG. 15 is a plan view illustrating the step subsequent to the step of FIG. 13;
FIG. 16 is a sectional view taken along lines XVI-XVI in FIG. 15;
FIG. 17 is a plan view illustrating the step subsequent to the step of FIG. 15;
FIG. 18 is a sectional view taken along lines XVIII-XVIII in FIG. 17;
FIG. 19 is a sectional view illustrating a mounting structure of a chip resistor according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 20 is a sectional view of the chip resistor taken along lines XX-XX in FIG. 19;
FIG. 21 illustrates the chip resistor as viewed in the direction of arrows XXI-XXI in FIG. 19;
FIG. 22 is a sectional view of the chip resistor taken along lines XXII-XXII in FIG. 19;
FIG. 23 illustrates the chip resistor as viewed in the direction of arrows XXIII-XXIII in FIG. 19;
FIG. 24 illustrates a part of the chip resistor of FIG. 19 as enlarged; and
FIG. 25 illustrates a part of the chip resistor of FIG. 19 as enlarged.



DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
A first embodiment of the present invention is described below with reference to FIGS. 1-18.
FIG. 1 is a sectional view illustrating amounting structure of a chip resistor according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
The chip resistor mounting structure 891 illustrated in the figure includes a chip resistor 101, a mount board 893 and an electroconductive bonding portion 895.
For instance, the mount board 893 is a printed circuit board including an insulating substrate and a pattern electrode (not shown) formed on the insulating substrate. For instance, the insulating substrate is a glass epoxy resin substrate. The chip resistor 101 is mounted on the mount board 893. The electroconductive bonding portion 895 is provided between the chip resistor 101 and the mount board 893. The electroconductive bonding portion 895 bonds the chip resistor 101 and the mount board 893 to each other. For instance, the electroconductive bonding portion 895 comprises solder.
FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the chip resistor taken along lines II-II in FIG. 1. FIG. 3 illustrates the chip resistor as seen in the direction of arrows in FIG. 1. FIG. 4 is a sectional view of the chip resistor taken along lines IV-IV in FIG. 1. FIG. 5 illustrates the chip resistor as seen in the direction of arrows V-V in FIG. 1. FIG. 6 is a partially seen-through view of the chip resistor as seen in the direction of arrows VI-VI in FIG. 1.
The chip resistor 101 illustrated in these figures includes a resistor board 2, a first electrode 4, a second electrode 5, an insulating layer 6 and a protective layer 7.
The resistor board 2 has a plate-like shape. The resistor board 2 is made of a resistive metal material. Examples of the resistive metal material include manganin, zeranin, Ni—Cr alloy, Cu—Ni alloy and Fe—Cr alloy.
As illustrated in FIGS. 1-7, the resistor board 2 has a resistor board obverse surface 21, a resistor board reverse surface 22, a resistor board first side surface 23, a resistor board second side surface 24, a resistor board first end surface 25 and a resistor board second end surface 26.
All of the resistor board obverse surface 21, the resistor board reverse surface 22, the resistor board first side surface 23, the resistor board second side surface 24, the resistor board first end surface 25 and the resistor board second end surface 26 are flat. Referring to FIG. 1, the up-down direction in the figure is defined as the “thickness direction” Z1 of the resistor board 2. In FIG. 6, the “first direction” X1 runs to the right, and the “second direction” X2 runs to the left. Further, the “third direction” X3 runs upwards, and the “fourth direction” X4 runs downwards. The maximum thickness (maximum size in thickness direction Z1) of the resistor board 2 is e.g. 130 to 300 μm. The thickness direction Z1 is perpendicular to each of the first direction X1, the second direction X2, the third direction X3 and the fourth direction X4. In addition, each of the first direction X1 and the second direction X2 is perpendicular to the third direction X3 and the fourth direction X4.
For instance, the dimension of the chip resistor 101 in the first direction X1 is about 1.0 to 6.4 mm, and the dimension of the chip resistor 101 in the third direction X3 is 0.5 to 3.2 mm.
The resistor board obverse surface 21 and the resistor board reverse surface 22 face in mutually opposite directions. The resistor board first side surface 23 faces in the first direction X1. The resistor board second side surface 24 faces in the second direction X2. That is, the resistor board first side surface 23 and the resistor board second side surface 24 face in mutually opposite directions. The resistor board first end surface 25 faces in the third direction X3. The resistor board second end surface 26 faces in the fourth direction X4. That is, the resistor board first end surface 25 and the resistor board second end surface 26 face in mutually opposite directions.
As illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 6, the resistor board obverse surface 21 includes a first region 211, a second region 212 and an intermediate region 213.
The first region 211 is the region that is in contact with the first electrode 4. The second region 212 is the region that is in contact with the second electrode 5. The intermediate region 213 is the region that is in contact with the insulating layer 6. In this embodiment, all of the first region 211, the second region 212 and the intermediate region 213 are rectangular. The first region 211 is connected to the resistor board first side surface 23, the resistor board first end surface 25 and the resistor board second end surface 26. The second region 212 is connected to the resistor board second side surface 24, the resistor board first end surface 25 and the resistor board second end surface 26. The intermediate region 213 is connected to the resistor board first end surface 25 and the resistor board second end surface 26. The intermediate region 213 is disposed between the first region 211 and the second region 212 in the first direction X1. The intermediate region 213 and the first region 211 are connected to each other. The intermediate region 213 and the second region 212 are connected to each other.
The insulating layer 6 is formed on the resistor board 2. The insulating layer 6 is in contact with the resistor board 2. The insulating layer 6 is in contact with the resistor board obverse surface 21 of the resistor board 2. The insulating layer 6 is made of a material containing e.g. epoxy-based resin or polyimide. The dimension of the insulating layer 6 in the first direction X1 is equal to the dimension of the intermediate region 213 of the resistor board obverse surface 21 in the first direction X1. The dimension of the insulating layer 6 in the third direction X3 is equal to the dimension of the resistor board 2 in the third direction X3. The maximum thickness of the insulating layer 6 (maximum dimension in the thickness direction Z1) is e.g. 20-40 μm. In order that the heat generated in the resistor board 2 is efficiently dissipated to the outside of the chip resistor 101, it is preferable that the insulating layer 6 is made of a material having a high thermal conductivity. Moreover, to enhance the thermal conductivity, it is preferable that the insulating layer 6 contains a thermally conductive filler. Examples of such a filler include alumina. It is preferable that the thermal conductivity of the insulating layer 6 is higher than that of the material forming the resistor board 2. It is preferable that the thermal conductivity of the insulating layer 6 is e.g. 1.0 to 5.0 W/(m·K).
The insulating layer 6 has an insulating layer obverse surface 61 and an insulating layer reverse surface 62.
The insulating layer obverse surface 61 generally faces away from the resistor board 2 (i.e., faces downward in FIG. 1). The first electrode 4 and the second electrode 5 are formed on the insulating layer obverse surface 61. A part of the insulating layer obverse surface 61 (the region sandwiched between the first electrode 4 and the second electrode) is exposed from the first electrode 4 and the second electrode 5.
The insulating layer reverse surface 62 faces in the same direction as the resistor board reverse surface 22 (i.e., faces upward in FIG. 1). In this embodiment, the insulating layer reverse surface 62 is in contact with the resistor board 2. Specifically, the insulating layer reverse surface 62 is in contact with the resistor board obverse surface 21.
The first electrode 4 is electrically connected to the resistor board 2. The first electrode 4 is used to supply electric power to the resistor board 2 from the mount board 893 on which the chip resistor 101 is mounted. The first electrode 4 is in contact with the resistor board 2 and the insulating layer 6. In this embodiment, the first electrode 4 is in contact with the resistor board obverse surface 21 of the resistor board 2. In this embodiment, a part of the insulating layer 6 is disposed between the first electrode 4 and the resistor board 2. As illustrated in FIG. 1, in the mounting structure 891, the first electrode 4 is in contact with the electroconductive bonding portion 895 and electrically connected to a wiring pattern (not shown) of the mount board 893 via the electroconductive bonding portion 895.
The first electrode 4 includes a first underlying layer 41 and a first plating layer 43.
FIG. 7 is a view obtained by omitting the first plating layer and the second plating layer from FIG. 6.
As illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 7, the first underlying layer 41 is in contact with the resistor board 2. The first underlying layer 41 serves as the base for forming the first plated layer 43 on the insulating layer 6 by a plating method. The first underlying layer 41 is in contact with a portion of the resistor board obverse surface 21 which is exposed from the insulating layer 6. The first underlying layer 41 includes a portion spaced apart from the resistor board 2 in the thickness direction Z1. In the thickness direction Z1, the first underlying layer 41 is disposed between the first plating layer 43 and the insulating layer 6. The insulating layer 6 is disposed between the first underlying layer 41 and the resistor board 2. The first underlying layer 41 includes a portion that overlaps the first region 211 and the intermediate region 213 as viewed in the thickness direction Z1. In this embodiment, the first underlying layer 41 is in contact with the first region 211.
As shown in FIGS. 1-3, the side surfaces of the first underlying layer 41 are exposed. That is, in the chip resistor 101, the first underlying layer 41 is exposed in the first direction X1, the third direction X3 and the fourth direction X4.
In order that the chip resistor 101 has good heat dissipation efficiency, it is preferable that the dimension of the first underlying layer 41 in the first direction X1 is large. Preferably, the dimension of the first underlying layer 41 in the first direction X1 is not smaller than one fourth of the dimension of the resistor board 2 in the first direction X1 and more preferably not smaller than one third of the dimension of the resistor board 2 in the first direction X1. The thickness of the first underlying layer 41 is smaller than the thicknesses of the insulating layer 6 and the first plating layer 43. The first underlying layer 41 can be formed by PVD (Physical Vapor Deposition), CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition) or printing. In this embodiment, the first underlying layer 41 is formed by PVD, in particular by sputtering. The first underlying layer 41 is e.g. 100 to 500 nm in thickness. For instance, the first underlying layer 41 contains Ni or Cr.
The first plating layer 43 directly covers the first underlying layer 41. The first plating layer 43 is formed on the resistor board 2. A part of the first plating layer 43 is in contact with the insulating layer 6. The first plating layer 43 is in contact with a portion of the insulating layer 6 which is offset from the first underlying layer 41 in the second direction X2. Before the chip resistor 101 is mounted on the mount board 893, the first plating layer 43 is exposed to the outside. As illustrated in FIG. 1, in the mounting structure 891, the first plating layer 43 is in contact with the electroconductive bonding portion 895 and electrically connected to the wiring pattern (not shown) of the mount board 893 via the electroconductive bonding portion 895.
The first plating layer 43 includes a first inner plating film 43a and a first outer plating film 43c. 
For instance, the first inner plating film 43a is Cu, Ag or Au. The first inner plating film 43a directly covers the first underlying layer 41. The first outer plating film 43c is formed on the first inner plating film 43a. In mounting the chip resistor 101, solder (electroconductive bonding portion 895) adheres to the first outer plating film 43c. For instance, the first outer plating film 43c is Sn.
In this embodiment, the first plating layer 43 includes a first intermediate plating film 43b. The first intermediate plating film 43b is disposed between the first inner plating film 43a and the first outer plating film 43c. For instance, the first intermediate plating film 43b is Ni. Unlike this embodiment, the first plating layer 43 may not include a first intermediate plating film 43b, and the first inner plating film 43a and the first outer plating film 43c may be in direct contact with each other.
For instance, the first inner plating film 43a is 10 to 50 μm in thickness, the first intermediate plating film 43b is 1 to 10 μm in thickness and the first outer plating film 43c is 1 to 10 μm in thickness.
FIG. 8 illustrates a portion of the chip resistor 101 of FIG. 1 as enlarged.
As illustrated in FIGS. 1-3 and FIGS. 6-8, the first electrode 4 has a first electrode obverse surface 471, an electrode side surface 473, an electrode end surface 475 (electrode first end surface), an electrode end surface 476 (electrode second end surface) and a first curved surface 49 (see FIG. 8). Illustration of the first curved surface 49 is omitted in the figures other than FIGS. 6 and 8.
The first electrode obverse surface 471 faces in the same direction as the resistor board obverse surface 21 (i.e., downward in FIG. 1). The first electrode obverse surface 471 is provided by the first plating layer 43 and specifically by the first outer plating film 43c. 
The electrode side surface 473 faces in the first direction X1. In this embodiment, the electrode side surface 473 is flush with the resistor board first side surface 23. As illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3, the electrode end surface 475 faces in the third direction X3. The electrode end surface 475 is flush with the resistor board first end surface 25. The electrode end surface 476 faces in the fourth direction X4. The electrode end surface 476 is flush with the resistor board second end surface 26. The electrode side surface 473, the electrode end surface 475 and the electrode end surface 476 are provided by the first underlying layer 41 and the first plating layer 43, and specifically provided by the first underlying layer 41, the first inner plating film 43a, the first intermediate plating film 43b and the first outer plating film 43c. 
As illustrated in FIG. 8, the first curved surface 49 is formed at the edges as viewed in the thickness direction Z1. In FIG. 6, the portions where the first curved surface 49 is formed are shaded. The first curved surface 49 is connected to the first electrode obverse surface 471, the electrode side surface 473, the electrode end surface 475 and the electrode end surface 476. The first curved surface 49 is formed because punching is employed to make the chip resistor 101.
The second electrode 5 is offset from the first electrode 4 in the second direction X2. The second electrode 5 is spaced apart from the first electrode 4. The second electrode 5 is electrically connected to the resistor board 2. The second electrode 5 is used to supply electric power to the resistor board 2 from the mount board 893 on which the chip resistor 101 is mounted. The second electrode 5 is in contact with the resistor board 2 and the insulating layer 6. In this embodiment, the second electrode 5 is in contact with the resistor board obverse surface 21 of the resistor board 2. In this embodiment, a part of the insulating layer 6 is disposed between the second electrode 5 and the resistor board 2. As illustrated in FIG. 1, in the mounting structure 891, the second electrode 5 is in contact with the electroconductive bonding portion 895 and electrically connected to a wiring pattern (not shown) of the mount board 893 via the electroconductive bonding portion 895.
The second electrode 5 includes a second underlying layer 51 and a second plating layer 53.
The second underlying layer 51 is in contact with the resistor board 2. The second underlying layer 51 serves as the base for forming the second plated layer 53 on the insulating layer 6 by a plating method. The second underlying layer 51 is in contact with a portion of the resistor board obverse surface 21 which is exposed from the insulating layer 6. The second underlying layer 51 includes a portion spaced apart from the resistor board 2 in the thickness direction Z1. In the thickness direction Z1, the second underlying layer 51 is disposed between the second plating layer 53 and the insulating layer 6. The insulating layer 6 is disposed between the second underlying layer 51 and the resistor board 2. The second underlying layer 51 includes a portion that overlaps the second region 212 and the intermediate region 213 as viewed in the thickness direction Z1. In this embodiment, the second underlying layer 51 is in contact with the second region 212.
As shown in FIGS. 1, 4 and 5, the side surfaces of the second underlying layer 51 are exposed. That is, in the chip resistor 101, the second underlying layer 51 is exposed in the second direction X2, the third direction X3 and the fourth direction X4.
In order that the chip resistor 101 has good heat dissipation efficiency, it is preferable that the dimension of the second underlying layer 51 in the second direction X2 is large. Preferably, the dimension of the second underlying layer 51 in the second direction X2 is not smaller than one fourth of the dimension of the resistor board 2 in the second direction X2 and more preferably not smaller than one third of the dimension of the resistor board 2 in the second direction X2. The thickness of the second underlying layer 51 is smaller than the thicknesses of the insulating layer 6 and the second plating layer 53. The second underlying layer 51 can be formed by PVD (Physical Vapor Deposition), CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition) or printing. In this embodiment, the second underlying layer 51 is formed by PVD, in particular by sputtering. The second underlying layer 51 is e.g. 100 to 500 nm in thickness. For instance, the second underlying layer 51 contains Ni or Cr.
The second plating layer 53 directly covers the second underlying layer 51. The second plating layer 53 is formed on the resistor board 2. A part of the second plating layer 53 is in contact with the insulating layer 6. The second plating layer 53 is in contact with a portion of the insulating layer 6 which is offset from the second underlying layer 51 in the first direction X1. Before the chip resistor 101 is mounted on the mount board 893, the second plating layer 53 is exposed to the outside. As illustrated in FIG. 1, in the mounting structure 891, the second plating layer 53 is in contact with the electroconductive bonding portion 895 and electrically connected to the wiring pattern (not shown) of the mount board 893 via the electroconductive bonding portion 895.
The second plating layer 53 includes a second inner plating film 53a and a second outer plating film 53c. 
For instance, the second inner plating film 53a is Cu, Ag or Au. The second inner plating film 53a directly covers the second underlying layer 51. The second outer plating film 53c is formed on the second inner plating film 53a. In mounting the chip resistor 101, solder (electroconductive bonding portion 895) adheres to the second outer plating film 53c. For instance, the second outer plating film 53c is Sn.
In this embodiment, the second plating layer 53 includes a second intermediate plating film 53b. The second intermediate plating film 53b is disposed between the second inner plating film 53a and the second outer plating film 53c. For instance, the second intermediate plating film 53b is Ni. Unlike this embodiment, the second plating layer 53 may not include a second intermediate plating film 53b, and the second inner plating film 53a and the second outer plating film 53c may be in direct contact with each other.
For instance, the second inner plating film 53a is 10 to 50 μm in thickness, the second intermediate plating film 53b is 1 to 10 μm in thickness, and the second outer plating film 53c is 1 to 10 μm in thickness.
FIG. 9 shows a portion of the chip resistor 101 of FIG. 1 as enlarged.
As illustrated in FIGS. 1, 4-7 and 9, the second electrode 5 has a second electrode obverse surface 571, an electrode side surface 574, an electrode end surface 575, an electrode end surface 576 and a second curved surface 59 (see FIG. 9). Illustration of the second curved surface 59 is omitted in the figures other than FIGS. 6 and 9.
The second-electrode obverse surface 571 faces in the same direction as the resistor board obverse surface 21 (i.e., downward in FIG. 1). The second-electrode obverse surface 571 is provided by the second plating layer 53 and specifically by the second outer plating film 53c. 
The electrode side surface 574 faces in the second direction X2. In this embodiment, the electrode side surface 574 is flush with the resistor board second side surface 24. As illustrated in FIGS. 4 and 5, the electrode end surface 575 faces in the third direction X3. The electrode end surface 575 is flush with the resistor board first end surface 25. The electrode end surface 576 faces in the fourth direction X4. The electrode end surface 576 is flush with the resistor board second end surface 26. The electrode side surface 574, the electrode end surface 575 and the electrode end surface 576 are provided by the second underlying layer 51 and the second plating layer 53, and specifically provided by the second underlying layer 51, the second inner plating film 53a, the second intermediate plating film 53b and the second outer plating film 53c. 
The second curved surface 59 is formed at the edges as viewed in the thickness direction Z1. In FIG. 6, the portions where the second curved surface 59 is formed are shaded. The second curved surface 59 is connected to the second-electrode obverse surface 571, the electrode side surface 574, the electrode end surface 575 and the electrode end surface 576. The second curved surface 59 is formed because punching is employed to make the chip resistor 101.
The protective layer 7 is formed on the resistor board reverse surface 22 of the resistor board 2. The protective layer 7 is made of an insulating material. Examples of the material include an epoxy-based material. The protective layer 7 is formed to protect the resistor board 2. For instance, the protective layer 7 is 20 to 40 μm in thickness. The protective layer 7 does not necessarily need to be formed.
A method for making the chip resistor 101 is briefly described.
First, a resistor board 820 is prepared, as illustrated in FIG. 10. The resistor board 820 is formed into the resistor board 2.
Then, as illustrated in FIGS. 11 and 12, an insulating layer 860 is formed on the resistor board obverse surface 821 of the resistor board 820. The insulating layer 860 is formed into the insulating layer 6. The insulating layer 860 is formed as a plurality of strips elongated in one direction. For instance, the insulating layer 860 is formed by printing or application.
Then, as illustrated in FIGS. 13 and 14, an underlying layer 841 is formed on the resistor board 820. The underlying layer 841 is formed into the first underlying layer 41 or the second underlying layer 51. The underlying layer 841 is formed by PVD or CVD. For example, the underlying layer 841 may be formed by sputtering. In this process, the underlying layer 841 is formed in the form of a strip elongated in the same direction as the insulating layer 860. The underlying layer 841 is formed so as to expose a portion of the insulating layer 860. To form the underlying layer 841 in the form of a strip, masking may be employed. For instance, the underlying layer 841 is made of Ni or Cr.
Then, as illustrated in FIGS. 15 and 16, a plating layer 843 is formed. The plating layer 843 is formed into the first plating layer 43 (first inner plating film 43a, first intermediate plating film 43b, the first outer plating film 43c) and the second plating layer 53 (second inner plating film 53a, second intermediate plating film 53b, the second outer plating film 53c). To form the plating layer 843, electroplating (barrel plating method) may be employed. Further, a protective layer 870 is formed on the resistor board reverse surface 822 of the resistor board 820. The protective layer 870 may be formed before the insulating layer 860 is formed on the resistor board obverse surface 821.
Then, the intermediate product illustrated in FIGS. 15 and 16 is cut as illustrated in FIGS. 17 and 18. This cutting may be performed by punching. By this punching, the above-described first curved surface 49 and second curved surface 59 are formed. Due to this cutting process, the resistor board first side surface 23 and the electrode side surface 473 become flush with each other, the resistor board second side surface 24 and the electrode side surface 574 become flush with each other. Further, the resistor board first end surface 25, the electrode end surface 475 and the electrode end surface 575 become flush with each other. Similarly, the resistor board second end surface 26, the electrode end surface 476 and the electrode end surface 576 become flush with each other. By the foregoing process, the chip resistor 101 is completed.
Advantages of this embodiment are described below.
In this embodiment, the chip resistor 101 has an insulating layer 6. The resistor board obverse surface 21 includes a first region 211 that is in contact with the first electrode 4, a second region 212 that is in contact with the second electrode 5 and an intermediate region 213 that is in contact with the insulating layer 6. The intermediate region 213 is disposed between the first region 211 and the second region 212 in the first direction X1. According to this arrangement, the resistance of the chip resistor 101 is determined by the dimension of the intermediate region 213 in the first direction X1. Thus, the dimensions of the first electrode 4 and the second electrode 5 in the first direction X1 can be determined regardless of the resistance of the chip resistor 101. In the chip resistor 101, the first underlying layer 41 is provided between the first plating layer 43 and the insulating layer 6 in the thickness direction Z1. This arrangement is suitable for increasing the dimension of the first plating layer 43 in the first direction X1. By increasing the dimension of the first plating layer 43 in the first direction X1, the heat dissipation efficiency of the chip resistor 101 can be enhanced.
Similarly, in the chip resistor 101, the second underlying layer 51 is provided between the second plating layer 53 and the insulating layer 6 in the thickness direction Z1. This arrangement is suitable for increasing the dimension of the second plating layer 53 in the second direction X2. By increasing the dimension of the second plating layer 53 in the second direction X2, the heat dissipation efficiency of the chip resistor 101 can be enhanced.
A second embodiment of the present invention is described below with reference to FIGS. 19-25.
In the description given below, the elements that are identical or similar to those of the foregoing embodiments are designated by the same reference signs as those used for the foregoing embodiments and the explanation is omitted appropriately.
FIG. 19 is a sectional view illustrating a mounting structure of a chip resistor according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
The chip resistor mounting structure 892 illustrated in the figure includes a chip resistor 102, a mount board 893 and an electroconductive bonding portion 895.
Since the structures of the mount board 893 and the electroconductive bonding portion 895 are the same as those of the first embodiment, explanation of these portions is omitted.
FIG. 20 is a sectional view of the chip resistor taken along lines XX-XX in FIG. 19. FIG. 21 illustrates the chip resistor as viewed in the direction of arrows XXI-XXI in FIG. 19. FIG. 22 is a sectional view of the chip resistor taken along lines XXII-XXII in FIG. 19. FIG. 23 illustrates the chip resistor as viewed in the direction of arrows XXIII-XXIII in FIG. 19. FIG. 24 illustrates a part of the chip resistor of FIG. 19 as enlarged. FIG. 25 illustrates a part of the chip resistor of FIG. 19 as enlarged.
The chip resistor 102 shown in these figures includes a resistor board 2, a first electrode 5, a second electrode 5, an insulating layer 6 and a protective layer 7.
Since the structures of the resistor board 2, the insulating layer 6 and the protective layer 7 are the same as those of the first embodiment, explanation Of these is omitted.
The first electrode 4 is electrically connected to the resistor board 2. The first electrode 4 is used to supply electric power to the resistor board 2 from the mount board 893 on which the chip resistor 102 is mounted. The first electrode 4 is in contact with the resistor board 2 and the insulating layer 6. In this embodiment, the first electrode 4 is in contact with the resistor board obverse surface 21 of the resistor board 2. In this embodiment, a part of the insulating layer 6 is disposed between the first electrode 4 and the resistor board 2. As illustrated in FIG. 19, in the mounting structure 892, the first electrode 4 is in contact with the electroconductive bonding portion 895 and electrically connected to a wiring pattern (not shown) of the mount board 893 via the electroconductive bonding portion 895.
The first electrode 4 includes a first underlying layer 41, a first plating layer 43 and a first electroconductive layer 48.
The first electroconductive layer 48 is in contact with the resistor board 2. The first electroconductive layer 48 is in contact with a portion of the resistor board obverse surface 21 which is exposed from the insulating layer 6. Specifically, the first electroconductive layer 48 is in contact with the first region 211 of the resistor board obverse surface 21. In this embodiment, the first electroconductive layer 58 is formed by plating (rack plating). For instance, the first electroconductive layer 48 is made of Cu. The first electroconductive layer 48 is thicker than the first underlying layer 41. As illustrated in FIGS. 19-21, the first electroconductive layer 48 is exposed in the first direction X1, the third direction X3 and the fourth direction X4.
The first underlying layer 41 serves as the base for forming the first plated layer 43 on the insulating layer 6 by a plating method. The first underlying layer 41 includes a portion spaced apart from the resistor board 2 in the thickness direction Z1. In the thickness direction Z1, the first underlying layer 41 is disposed between the first plating layer 43 and the insulating layer 6. The insulating layer 6 is disposed between the first underlying layer 41 and the resistor board 2. The first underlying layer 41 includes a portion that overlaps the first region 211 and the intermediate region 213 as viewed in the thickness direction Z1.
As illustrate in FIGS. 19-21, the side surfaces of the first underlying layer 41 are exposed. Specifically, in the chip resistor 102, the first underlying layer 41 is exposed in the first direction X1, the third direction X3 and the fourth direction X4.
In order that the chip resistor 102 has good heat dissipation efficiency, it is preferable that the dimension of the first underlying layer 41 in the first direction X1 is large. Preferably, the dimension of the first underlying layer 41 in the first direction X1 is not smaller than one fourth of the dimension of the resistor board 2 in the first direction X1 and more preferably not smaller than one third of the dimension of the resistor board 2 in the first direction X1. The thickness of the first underlying layer 41 is smaller than the thicknesses of the insulating layer 6 and the first plating layer 43. The first underlying layer 41 can be formed by PVD (Physical Vapor Deposition), CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition) or printing. In this embodiment, the first underlying layer 41 is formed by PVD, in particular by sputtering. The first underlying layer 41 is e.g. 100 to 500 nm in thickness. For instance, the first underlying layer 41 contains Ni or Cr.
Since the first plating layer 43 is similar to that of the first embodiment, the explanation is omitted.
As illustrated in FIGS. 19-21 and 24, the first electrode 4 has a first electrode obverse surface 471, an electrode side surface 473, an electrode end surface 475 (electrode first end surface), an electrode end surface 476 (electrode second end surface) and a first curved surface 49.
The first electrode obverse surface 471 faces in the same direction as the resistor board obverse surface 21 (i.e., downward in FIG. 19). The first electrode obverse surface 471 is provided by the first plating layer 43 and specifically by the first outer plating film 43c. 
The electrode side surface 473 faces in the first direction X1. In this embodiment, the electrode side surface 473 is flush with the resistor board first side surface 23. As illustrated in FIGS. 20 and 21, the electrode end surface 475 faces in the third direction X3. The electrode end surface 475 is flush with the resistor board first end surface 25. The electrode end surface 476 faces in the fourth direction X4. The electrode end surface 476 is flush with the resistor board second end surface 26. The electrode side surface 473, the electrode end surface 475 and the electrode end surface 476 are provided by the first underlying layer 41, the first plating layer 43 and the first electroconductive layer 48 and specifically provided by the first underlying layer 41, the first inner plating film 43a, the first intermediate plating film 43b, the first outer plating film 43c and the first electroconductive layer 48.
The first curved surface 49 is formed at the edges as viewed in the thickness direction Z1. The first curved surface 49 is connected to the first electrode obverse surface 471, the electrode side surface 473, the electrode end surface 475 and the electrode end surface 476. The first curved surface 49 is formed because punching is employed to make the chip resistor 102.
The second electrode 5 is offset from the first electrode 4 in the second direction X2. The second electrode 5 is electrically connected to the resistor board 2. The second electrode 5 is used to supply electric power to the resistor board 2 from the mount board 893 on which the chip resistor 102 is mounted. The second electrode 5 is in contact with the resistor board 2 and the insulating layer 6. In this embodiment, the second electrode 5 is in contact with the resistor board obverse surface 21 of the resistor board 2. In this embodiment, a part of the insulating layer 6 is disposed between the second electrode 5 and the resistor board 2. As illustrated in FIG. 19, in the mounting structure 892, the second electrode 5 is in contact with the electroconductive bonding portion 895 and electrically connected to a wiring pattern (not shown) of the mount board 893 via the electroconductive bonding portion 895.
The second electrode 5 includes a second underlying layer 51, a second plating layer 53 and a second electroconductive layer 58.
The second electroconductive layer 58 is in contact with the resistor board 2. The second electroconductive layer 58 is in contact with a portion of the resistor board obverse surface 21 which is exposed from the insulating layer 6. Specifically, the second electroconductive layer 58 is in contact with the first region 211 of the resistor board obverse surface 21. In this embodiment, the second electroconductive layer 58 is formed by plating. For instance, the second electroconductive layer 58 is made of Cu. The second electroconductive layer 58 is thicker than the second underlying layer 51. The second electroconductive layer 58 is exposed in the second direction X2, the third direction X3 and the fourth direction X4.
The second underlying layer 51 serves as the base for forming the second plated layer 53 on the insulating layer 6 by a plating method. The second underlying layer 51 includes a portion spaced apart from the resistor board 2 in the thickness direction Z1. In the thickness direction Z1, the second underlying layer 51 is disposed between the second plating layer 53 and the insulating layer 6. The insulating layer 6 is disposed between the second underlying layer 51 and the resistor board 2. The second underlying layer 51 includes a portion that overlaps the second region 212 and the intermediate region 213 as viewed in the thickness direction Z1.
As illustrate in FIGS. 19, 22 and 23, the side surfaces of the second underlying layer 51 are exposed. Specifically, in the chip resistor 102, the second underlying layer 51 is exposed in the second direction X2, the third direction X3 and the fourth direction X4.
In order that the chip resistor 102 has good heat dissipation efficiency, it is preferable that the dimension of the second underlying layer 51 in the second direction X2 is large. Preferably, the dimension of the second underlying layer 51 in the second direction X2 is not smaller than one fourth of the dimension of the resistor board 2 in the second direction X2 and more preferably not smaller than one third of the dimension of the resistor board 2 in the second direction X2. The thickness of the second underlying layer 51 is smaller than the thicknesses of the insulating layer 6 and the second plating layer 53. The second underlying layer 51 can be formed by PVD (Physical Vapor Deposition), CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition) or printing. In this embodiment, the second underlying layer 51 is formed by PVD, in particular by sputtering. The second underlying layer 51 is e.g. 100 to 500 nm in thickness. For instance, the second underlying layer 51 contains Ni or Cr.
Since the second plating layer 53 is similar to that of the first embodiment, the explanation is omitted.
As illustrated in FIGS. 19, 22, 23 and 25, the second electrode 5 has a second electrode obverse surface 571, an electrode side surface 573, an electrode end surface 575, an electrode end surface 576 and a second curved surface 59.
The second electrode obverse surface 571 faces in the same direction as the resistor board obverse surface 21 (i.e., downward in FIG. 19). The second electrode obverse surface 571 is provided by the second plating layer 53 and specifically by the second outer plating film 53c. 
The electrode side surface 574 faces in the second direction X2. In this embodiment, the electrode side surface 574 is flush with the resistor board second side surface 24. As illustrated in FIGS. 22 and 23, the electrode end surface 575 faces in the third direction X3. The electrode end surface 575 is flush with the resistor board first end surface 25. The electrode end surface 576 faces in the fourth direction X4. The electrode end surface 576 is flush with the resistor board second end surface 26. The electrode side surface 574, the electrode end surface 575 and the electrode end surface 576 are provided by the second underlying layer 51, the second plating layer 53 and the second electroconductive layer 58 and specifically provided by the second underlying layer 51, the second inner plating film 53a, the second intermediate plating film 53b, the second outer plating film 53c and the second electroconductive layer 58.
The second curved surface 59 is formed at the edges as viewed in the thickness direction Z1. The second curved surface 59 is connected to the second electrode obverse surface 571, the electrode side surface 574, the electrode end surface 575 and the electrode end surface 576. The second curved surface 59 is formed because punching is employed to make the chip resistor 102.
This embodiment provides the following advantages, in addition to the advantages of the first embodiment.
In this embodiment, the first electrode 4 includes a first electroconductive layer 48 between the first plating layer 43 and the resistor board 2. The first electroconductive layer 48 is in contact with the first region 211. According to this arrangement, the portion of the first electrode obverse surface 471 which overlaps the first region 211 as viewed in the thickness direction Z1 is disposed low in FIG. 19 so that the first electrode obverse surface 471 is flat. When the first electrode obverse surface 471 is flat, the chip resistor 102 can be easily mounted on the mount board 893.
Similarly, in this embodiment, the second electrode 5 includes a second electroconductive layer 58 between the second plating layer 53 and the resistor board 2. The second electroconductive layer 58 is in contact with the second region 212. According to this arrangement, the portion of the second electrode obverse surface 571 which overlaps the second region 212 as viewed in the thickness direction Z1 is disposed low in FIG. 19 so that the second-electrode obverse surface 571 is flat. When the second-electrode obverse surface 571 is flat, the chip resistor 102 can be easily mounted on the mount board 893.
The present invention is not limited to the foregoing embodiments. The specific structure of each part of the present invention can be varied in design in many ways.

## Claims

1. A chip resistor comprising:
a resistor board including a resistor board obverse surface;
a first electrode;
a second electrode; and
an insulating layer,
wherein the second electrode is offset from the first electrode in a second direction opposite to a first direction perpendicular to a thickness direction of the resistor board,
the resistor board obverse surface includes a first region in contact with the first electrode, a second region in contact with the second electrode and an intermediate region in contact with the insulating layer,
the intermediate region is disposed between the first region and the second region in the first direction,
the first electrode includes a first underlying layer and a first plating layer,
the first underlying layer is disposed between the first plating layer and the insulating layer in the thickness direction, and
the first underlying layer and the resistor board have side surfaces, respectively, that are parallel to the thickness direction and flush with each other.

2. The chip resistor according to claim 1, wherein the first underlying layer is in contact with the insulating layer.

3. The chip resistor according to claim 1, wherein each of the first underlying layer and the first plating layer includes a portion that overlaps the intermediate region as viewed in the thickness direction.

4. The chip resistor according to claim 1, wherein each of the first underlying layer and the first plating layer includes a portion that overlaps the first region as viewed in the thickness direction.

5. The chip resistor according to claim 1, wherein the first plating layer includes a first inner plating film and a first outer plating film,
the first inner plating film is disposed between the first outer plating film and the first underlying layer, and
the first inner plating film is made of Cu, Ag or Au, whereas the first outer plating film is made of Sn.

6. The chip resistor according to claim 5, wherein the first plating layer includes a first intermediate plating film, and
the first intermediate plating film is disposed between the first inner plating film and the first outer plating film and made of Ni.

7. The chip resistor according to claim 1, wherein the first underlying layer is exposed in the first direction.

8. The chip resistor according to claim 1, wherein the first underlying layer is made of Ni or Cr.

9. The chip resistor according to claim 1, wherein the first underlying layer is smaller in thickness than the insulating layer and the first plating layer.

10. The chip resistor according to claim 1, wherein the first underlying layer is formed by sputtering.

11. The chip resistor according to claim 1, wherein the first underlying layer is in contact with the first region.

12. The chip resistor according to claim 1, wherein the first electrode includes a first electroconductive layer disposed between the first plating layer and the resistor board, and
the first electroconductive layer is in contact with the first region.

13. The chip resistor according to claim 12, wherein the first electroconductive layer is larger in thickness than the first underlying layer.

14. The chip resistor according to claim 12, wherein the first electroconductive layer is exposed in the first direction.

15. The chip resistor according to claim 1, wherein the resistor board includes a resistor board first side surface facing in the first direction,
the first electrode includes an electrode side surface facing in the first direction, and
the resistor board first side surface and the electrode side surface are flush with each other.

16. The chip resistor according to claim 15, wherein the first electrode includes a first electrode obverse surface and a first curved surface,
the first electrode obverse surface and the resistor board obverse surface face in a same direction, and
the first curved surface connects the first electrode obverse surface and the electrode side surface to each other.

17. The chip resistor according to claim 1, wherein the resistor board includes a resistor board first end surface facing in a third direction perpendicular to both of the first direction and the thickness direction,
the first electrode includes an electrode first end surface facing in the third direction, and
the resistor board first end surface and the electrode first end surface are flush with each other.

18. The chip resistor according to claim 17, wherein the resistor board includes a resistor board second end surface facing in a fourth direction opposite to the third direction,
the first electrode includes an electrode second end surface facing the in the fourth direction, and
the resistor board second end surface and the electrode second end surface are flush with each other.

19. The chip resistor according to claim 1, wherein the second electrode includes a second underlying layer and a second plating layer, and
the second underlying layer is disposed between the second plating layer and the insulating layer in the thickness direction.

20. The chip resistor according to claim 19, wherein the second underlying layer is in contact with the insulating layer.

21. The chip resistor according to claim 19, wherein each of the second underlying layer and the second plating layer includes a portion that overlaps the intermediate region as viewed in the thickness direction.

22. The chip resistor according to claim 19, wherein each of the second underlying layer and the second plating layer includes a portion that overlaps the second region as viewed in the thickness direction.

23. The chip resistor according to claim 19, wherein the second plating layer includes a second inner plating film and a second outer plating film,
the second inner plating film is disposed between the second outer plating film and the second underlying layer, and
the second inner plating film is made of Cu, Ag or Au, whereas the second outer plating film is made of Sn.

24. The chip resistor according to claim 23, wherein the second plating layer includes a second intermediate plating film, and
the second intermediate plating film is disposed between the second inner plating film and the second outer plating film and made of Ni.

25. The chip resistor according to claim 19, wherein the second underlying layer is exposed in a second direction opposite to the first direction.

26. The chip resistor according to claim 19, wherein the second underlying layer is made of Ni or Cr.

27. The chip resistor according to claim 19, wherein the second underlying layer is smaller in thickness than the insulating layer and the second plating layer.

28. The chip resistor according to claim 19, wherein the second underlying layer is formed by sputtering.

29. The chip resistor according to claim 1, wherein the resistor board includes a resistor board reverse surface, the resistor board obverse surface and the resistor board reverse surface facing in mutually opposite directions, and
the chip resistor further comprises a protective layer covering the resistor board reverse surface.

30. The chip resistor according to claim 1, wherein the resistor board is made of manganin, zeranin, Ni—Cr alloy, Cu—Ni alloy or Fe—Cr alloy.

31. The chip resistor according to claim 1, wherein the insulating layer includes an insulating layer obverse surface, the first electrode and the second electrode being formed on the insulating layer obverse surface.

32. The chip resistor according to claim 1, wherein the insulating layer has a thermal conductivity of 1.0 to 5.0 W/(m·K).

33. A chip resistor mounting structure comprising:
a chip resistor as set forth in claim 1,
a mount board on which the chip resistor is mounted; and
an electroconductive bonding portion disposed between the mount board and the chip resistor.