Biological Evaluatio

Wedgewire Screens for P

Fish at Cooling Water I

Biological Evaluatio

Biological Evaluatio

Wedgewire Screens for P

Wedgewire Screens for P

Fish at Cooling Water I

Fish at Cooling Water I

Steve Amaral, Michelle Metzger, Jona

Steve Amaral, Michelle Metzger, Jona

and Edward Taft and Edward Taft

ALDEN Research Laboratory, Inc

Research Laboratory, In

Doug Dixon Doug Dixon

EPRI

A Symposium on Cooling Water Intake T

A Symposium on Cooling Water Intake T

To Protect Aquatic Organism

To Protect Aquatic Organism
STUDY SPON

STUDY SPON

STUDY SPON

Laboratory Evaluation of Cylindrical Wed

gewire Screens
Biological Evaluatio

Biological Evaluatio

Biological Evaluatio

Laboratory Evaluation of Cylindrical Wed

gewire Screens 

Determine the relative influence 

Determine the relative influence 

following parameters on entrainm

following parameters on entrainm

impingement rates of selected sp

impingement rates of selected sp

life stages: life stages:

3⁄4 Slot size Slot size3⁄4 Through Through

-slot velocity slot velocity

3⁄4 Approach channel veloc

Approach channel velo
METHODS METHODS METHODS T

T

Laboratory Evaluation of Cylindrical Wedgewire Screens

0o

90o

0.51.02.0

0.150.30

Screen

Orientation Orientation

Slot Size Slot Size

(mm)

Slot Velocity Slot Velocity

(m/s)
METHODS METHODS METHODS 

Laboratory Evaluation of Cylindrical Wedgewire Screens

SPECIES SPECIES 

striped bass ( striped bass (Morone saxatilis) Morone saxatilis)winter flounder ( winter flounder (Pleuronectes americanus) Pleuronectes americanus)yellow perch ( yellow perch (Perca flavescens) Perca flavescens)common carp ( common carp (Cyprinus carpio) Cyprinus carpio)white sucker ( white sucker (Catostomus commersoni) Catostomus commersoni)bluegill ( bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) Lepomis macrochirus)alewife ( alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus pseudoharengus)rainbow smelt ( rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax Osmerus mordax)
METHODS METHODS METHODS Te

Te

Te

Te

Laboratory Evaluation of Cylindrical Wedgewire Screens

1.8 ft

6.0 ft

6.0 ft

Collection net

Wedge-wire T-screen(1 ft in diameter by 4.25 ftin length)

Flow

To entracollectio

To entracollectio

Plan View Plan View

Section Section
METHODS METHODS METHODS Te

Te

Te

Te

Laboratory Evaluation of Cylindrical Wedgewire Screens

Flow 
METHODS METHODS METHODS 

Laboratory Evaluation of Cylindrical Wedgewire Screens

Flow
METHODS METHODS METHODS Colle

Colle

Colle

Colle

Laboratory Evaluation of Cylindrical Wedgewire Screens

Entrainment Collection Tank and 

Entrainment Collection Tank and 
METHODS METHODS METHODS Video 

Video 

Video 

Video 

Laboratory Evaluation of Cylindrical Wedgewire Screens
METHODS METHODS METHODS Exp

Exp

Exp

Exp

Laboratory Evaluation of Cylindrical Wed

gewire Screens

For each set of test conditions (i.e., 

For each set of test conditions (i.e., 

slot velocity, approach velocity, spe

slot velocity, approach velocity, spe

3⁄4 Conduct 3 Conduct 3

-5 trials 5 trials

3⁄4 Release 50 to 100 organisms 

Release 50 to 100 organisms 

3⁄4 Estimate number entrained Estimate number entrained3⁄4 Estimate number impinged Estimate number impinged
METHODS METHODS METHODS Entrainm

Entrainm

Entrainm

Entrainm

Laboratory Evaluation of Cylindrical Wedgewire Screens

% Fish Lost to % Fish Lost to

Impingement/Entrainment

Ea

Impingement/Entrainment 

= 
METHODS METHODS METHODS D

D

D

D

Laboratory Evaluation of Cylindrical Wedgewire Screens

3⁄4 Analyze entrainment and impingem

Analyze entrainment and impingem

statistical differences among test c

statistical differences among test c

(slot width, slot velocity, channel v

(slot width, slot velocity, channel v

species) species)

3⁄4 Explore potential interactions amo

Explore potential interactions amo

conditions conditions

3⁄4 For larval data, examine fish lengt

For larval data, examine fish lengt

covariate covariate
RESULTS RESULTS RESULTS Laboratory Evaluation of Cylindrical Wedgewire Screens

3⁄4 Percent of organisms lost to entrainm

Percent of organisms lost to entrainm

impingement by slot size impingement by slot size

3⁄4 Relationship between length/diamete

Relationship between length/diamet

entrainment and impingement entrainment and impingement

3⁄4 Effect of channel/slot velocity ratio o

Effect of channel/slot velocity ratio o

organisms lost to entrainment and im

organisms lost to entrainment and im
RESULTS RESULTS RESULTS Laboratory Evaluation of Cylindrical Wedgewire Screens

0

20406080

100

rainbow smeltwinter flounderwhite suckeryellow perchstriped bass

Channel Velocity (m/s)

0.00 0.08 0.15 0.22 0.30

Mean % Lost to Impingement/Entrainment

0

20406080

100

bluegillwinter flounderyellow perchstriped bass

0.15 m/s through-slot velocity

0.30 m/s through-slot velocity

0.5-m

m

F

F
RESULTS RESULTS RESULTS Laboratory Evaluation of Cylindrical Wedgewire Screens

0

20406080

100

common carpwinter flounderwhite suckerstriped bass

Channel Velocity (m/s)

0.00 0.08 0.15 0.22 0.30

Mean % Lost to Impingement/Entrainment

0

20406080

100

common carpwinter flounderwhite suckerstriped bass

0.15 m/s through-slot velocity

0.30 m/s through-slot velocity

1-mm 

m

F

F
RESULTS RESULTS RESULTS Laboratory Evaluation of Cylindrical Wedgewire Screens

0

20406080

100

winter flounderstriped bass

Channel Velocity (m/s)

0.00 0.08 0.15 0.22 0.30

% Lost to Impingement/Entrainment

0

20406080

100

bluegill

0.15 m/s through-slot velocity

0.30 m/s through-slot velocity

2-mm 

m

F

F
RESULTS RESULTS RESULTS Laboratory Evaluation of Cylindrical Wedgewire Screens F

F

F

F

0

20406080

100

Fish Length (mm)

5.0 7.5 10.0 12.5 15.0

Mean% Lost to Entrainment/Impingement

0

20406080

100

0.08 m/s0.15 m/s0.30 m/s

0.5 mm Slot Screen1.0 mm Slot Screen

0.15 m/s th

0.15 m/s th

F

F
RESULTS RESULTS RESULTS Laboratory Evaluation of Cylindrical Wedgewire Screens F

F

F

F

0

20406080

100

Fish Length (mm)

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Mean % Lost to Entrainment/Impingement

0

20406080

100

0.08 m/s0.15 m/s0.30 m/s

0.5 mm Slot Screen1.0 mm Slot Screen

0

20406080

100

Fish Length (mm)

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Mean % Lost to Entrainment/Impingement

0

20406080

100

0.08 m/s0.15 m/s0.30 m/s

0.5 mm Slot Screen1.0 mm Slot Screen

0.30 m/s th

0.30 m/s th

Fi

Fi
RESULTS RESULTS RESULTS Laboratory Evaluation of Cylindrical Wedgewire Screens

0

1020304050607080

Channel to Slot Velocity Ratio

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

Mean % Lost to Entrainment/Impingement

0

1020304050607080

r2 = 0.87

r2 = 0.85

0.5-mm Slot Screen1.0-mm Slot Screen

Channel/S

Channel/S

Channel/

Channel/

Channel to Slot Velocity Ratio

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

Mean % Lost to

Entrainment/Impingement 010203040506070

80

r2 = 99.6

A

A
RESULTS RESULTS RESULTS Laboratory Evaluation of Cylindrical Wedgewire Screens

0

20406080

100

white sucker - 0.5 mm slotstriped bass - 0.5 mm slotstriped bass - 1.0 mm slotstriped bass - 2.0 mm slot

Channel Velocity (m/s)

0.00 0.08 0.15 0.22 0.30

Mean % Lost to Impingement/Entrainment

0

20406080

100

alewife - 0.5 mm slotalewife - 2.0 mm slotwhite sucker - 0.5 mm slotstriped bass - 0.5 mm slotstriped bass - 1.0 mm slot

0.15 m/s through-slot velocity

0.30 m/s through-slot velocity

F

F
RESULTS RESULTS RESULTS Laboratory Evaluation of Cylindrical Wed

gewire Screens E

E

E

E

0.5 mm slot with 0.30 m/s through 0.5 mm slot with 0.30 m/s through

-slo

slo

Fish Eggs Fish Eggs

Egg Diameter (mm)

01234

Mean % Lost to Entrainment/Impingement

0

20406080

100

0.08 m/s0.15 m/s0.30 m/s
RESULTS RESULTS RESULTS Laboratory Evaluation of Cylindrical Wedgewire Screens Channel/S

Channel/S

Channel/

Channel/

Fis

Fis

0

20406080

100

Channel to Slot Velocity Ratio

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

Mean % Lost to Entrainment/Impingement

0

20406080

100

0

20406080

100

r2 = 47.2

r2 = 71.7

r2 = 82.9

0.5-mm Slot Screen1.0-mm Slot Screen2.0-mm Slot Screen

All s

All s

Channel to Slot Velocity Ratio

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

Mean % Lost to

Entrainment/Impingement

0

1020304050607080

r2 = 74.0
VIDEO OBSE

VIDEO OBSE

VIDEO OBSE

Laboratory Evaluation of Cylindrical Wed

gewire Screens

Slot Width: Slot Width: 2.0 mm

Through Through-slot Velocity: Velocity:

0.5 ft/s

Channel Velocity ( Channel Velocity (f

t/s): 0.25 f

t/s
VIDEO OBSE

VIDEO OBSE

VIDEO OBSE

Laboratory Evaluation of Cylindrical Wed

gewire Screens

Slot Width: Slot Width: 2.0 mm

Through Through-slot Velocity: Velocity:

0.5 ft/s

Channel Velocity ( Channel Velocity (f

t/s):

0.5 ft/s
VIDEO OBSE

VIDEO OBSE

VIDEO OBSE

Laboratory Evaluation of Cylindrical Wed

gewire Screens

Slot Width: Slot Width: 2.0 mm

Through Through-slot Velocity: Velocity:

0.5 ft/s

Channel Velocity ( Channel Velocity (f

t/s):

1.0 ft/s
Conclu

Conclu

Conclu

Laboratory Evaluation of Cylindrical Wedgewire Screens

3⁄4 Impingement decreased with increases in slot 

Impingement decreased with increases in slot 

3⁄4 Entrainment increased with increases in slot s

Entrainment increased with increases in slot s

3⁄4 Entrainment and impingement increased with 

Entrainment and impingement increased with 

through through-slot velocity slot velocity

3⁄4 Entrainment and impingement decreased with 

Entrainment and impingement decreased with 

channel velocity channel velocity

3⁄4 For each species evaluated, larval length gen

For each species evaluated, larval length gen

influence entrainment and imping influence entrainment and impingement rates, 

ement rates

due to the narrow size ranges that were tested due to the narrow size ranges that were tested

3⁄4 Among species, larval entrainment and imping

Among species, larval entrainment and imping

generally decreased with increasing fish lengt

generally decreased with increasing fish lengt

3⁄4 Percent of eggs lost to entrainment and impin

Percent of eggs lost to entrainment and impin

increased with diameter at increased with diameter at the lower channel v

the lower channel 

3⁄4 The ratio of channel veloc The ratio of channel velocity to slot velocity wa

slot velocity wa

correlated with entrainment/impingement rates correlated with entrainment/impingement rate
Conclu

Conclu

Conclu

Laboratory Evaluation of Cylindrical Wedgewire Screens

General Effectiveness of General Effectiveness of Wedgewire Screens Wedgewire Screens

3⁄4 Entrainment and impingement rates Entrainment and impingement rates less than 10

less than 1

for eggs and larvae depending on organism size

for eggs and larvae depending on organism size

local hydraulics l hydraulics

Considerations in Assessing Wedgewire Screen Ef

Considerations in Assessing Wedgewire Screen E

3⁄4 The relative importance of each variable is dyna

The relative importance of each variable is dyna

3⁄4 More information is needed to fu More information is needed to fully understand t

lly understand t

all variables that influence entrainment and impi

all variables that influence entrainment and impi

3⁄4 Effects of debris loading are unknown Effects of debris loading are unknown3⁄4 Entrainment and impingement rate Entrainment and impingement rates will be lowe

s will be lowe

that are within the biologic that are within the biological zone of influence a

zone of influence a

3⁄4 Conclusions Conclusions from the laboratory st from the laboratory study must be v

udy must be v