# Patent

## Title
Signalling channel and radio system for power saving in wireless devices

## Abstract

Wireless devices, transmitters, systems and methods are provided that have a narrow band signaling channel and a wide band channel, for example an OFDM channel. In order to save power, the wireless device is nominally powered down with the exception of a receiver specific to the narrow band signaling channel. Once instructed to do so over the narrow band signaling channel, the wireless device wakes up the rest of its wide band receive circuitry.

## Background
RELATED APPLICATION
The present application is a continuation of, and claims priority to, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/571,467, filed on Aug. 10, 2012, which is a continuation of, and claims priority to, U.S. Pat. No. 8,264,996, filed on Jan. 8, 2010 and issued on Sep. 11, 2012, which is a continuation of, and claims priority to, U.S. Pat. No. 7,672,258, filed on Sep. 24, 2004 and issued on Mar. 2, 2010, the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.


BACKGROUND
Power supply management is a significant challenge in terminal and smart sensor design. This is because such terminals and sensors typically have a limited battery capacity. Anything that can be done to reduce power consumption for such wireless terminals and sensors would be of benefit.
Traditional terminal/receiver designs drain a large amount of power even if the terminal is in an idle or dormant mode. The reason for this is that the terminals are required to monitor a paging channel or a beacon channel all the time.
OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) terminals typically drain even more power than CDMA/TDMA (code division multiple access/time division multiple access) terminals due to the fact that such terminals run their wide band and high resolution ADC (analog-to-digital converter) and FFT (Fast Fourier Transform)/sub-FFT engines all the time, or at least during any period that detection of any signals is to be possible.
For example, an OFDM terminal in sleep mode will typically periodically wake up to see if it has any messages. However, conventional terminals must perform processing on the full OFDM bandwidth to see if there are any messages. This takes a significant amount of power because a full analog-to-digital conversion on the entire bandwidth of the OFDM system must be performed together with the processing of the whole digitized data block in terms of data buffering, framing, full FFT computation etc. Typically, the paging channel is transmitted at a particular time and frequency with the same processing engine as the main task channels and the terminal must wake up in order to look at the paging channel.
It is also noted that due to the high peak-to-average power ratio, the ADC needs to cover a high dynamic range, and this also increases the power consumption.
SUMMARY
At least one embodiment provides a wireless device comprising: a wide band receiver adapted to receive a wide band signal; and a narrow band receiver adapted to receive a narrow band signal, and to process the narrow band signal to determine whether or not to wake up the wide band receiver, and to wake up the wide band receiver if so determined.
In some embodiments, the narrow band receiver is a passive device.
In some embodiments, the narrow band receiver is a semi-passive device.
In some embodiments, the wide band receiver is an OFDM receiver.
In some embodiments, the wide band signal comprises an OFDM signal with zeros inserted at sub-carrier location(s) where the narrow band signal is to reside.
In some embodiments, the wireless device comprises a power supply and a switch connecting the power supply to the wide band receiver under control of the narrow band receiver, wherein waking up the wide band receiver comprises controlling the switch to supply power to the wide band receiver.
In some embodiments, processing the narrow band signal to determine whether or not to wake up the wide band receiver comprises demodulating and decoding the narrow band signal and checking if the narrow band signal has a message for this wireless device or not.
In some embodiments, the wide band receiver is a CDMA receiver and the wide band signal is a CDMA signal.
In some embodiments, the signaling channel occupies a spectrum adjacent to a spectrum of the CDMA signal.
In some embodiments, the narrow band receiver wakes itself up on a periodic basis.
At least one embodiment provides a transmitter adapted to generate a signal containing a wide band signal and a narrow band signal, wherein the narrow band signal contains information instructing particular wireless devices to wake up to receive the wide band signal.
In some embodiments, the transmitter comprises: a first IFFT function having a plurality of data inputs, and at least one zero input in a frequency location(s) where the narrow band signal is to reside; a second IFFT having zero inputs at frequency locations corresponding to the plurality of data inputs, and at least one signaling channel input in the frequency location(s) where the narrow band signal is to reside.
In some embodiments, the transmitter comprises: an IFFT function having a plurality of data inputs, and at least one zero input in a frequency location(s) where the narrow band signal is to reside; a narrow band modulator for generating the narrow band signal operating at a signaling channel frequency where the zeros were inserted.
In some embodiments, the transmitter comprises: an IFFT function having a plurality of data inputs; a narrow band modulator for generating the narrow band signal operating at a signaling channel frequency out of an operating bandwidth of the wide band signal.
In some embodiments, the transmitter comprises: an IFFT function having a plurality of data inputs, and at least one zero input in a frequency location(s) where the narrow band signal is to reside; a narrow band modulator for generating the narrow band signal operating at multiple frequencies.
In some embodiments, the transmitter comprises: an IFFT function having a plurality of data inputs, and at least signaling channel input in a frequency location(s) where the narrow band signal is to reside.
In some embodiments, the transmitter comprises: a main CDMA signal generator operating in a CDMA bandwidth for generating a main CDMA signal; a signal channel generator operating at an edge of the CDMA bandwidth for generating the narrow band signaling channel.
In some embodiments, the transmitter comprises: a main CDMA signal generator operating in a CDMA bandwidth for generating a main CDMA signal; a signal channel generator operating outside the CDMA bandwidth for generating the narrow band signaling channel.
At least one embodiment provides a method comprising: communicating a wide band signal; and communicating a narrow band signal, the narrow band signal indicating whether or not to wake up a wide band receiver.
In some embodiments, the communicating the wide band signal and the narrow band signal comprise transmitting these signals.
In some embodiments, the communicating the wide band signal and the narrow band signal comprises receiving these signals.
In some embodiments, the wide band signal is OFDM signal with zeros inserted at sub-carrier location(s) where the narrow band signal is to reside.
In some embodiments, the method further comprises: examining the narrow band signal to determine whether or not to wake up the wide band receiver; waking up the wide band receiver if so determined.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Various embodiments will now be described with reference to the attached drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a frequency plan of an example implementation of a downlink signaling channel provided by one or more embodiments;
FIG. 2A is a block diagram of a transmitter adapted to generate both a wide band OFDM signal and narrow band signaling channel according to one or more embodiments;
FIG. 2B is a block diagram of a transmitter adapted to generate both a wide band OFDM signal, and narrow band signaling channel according to one or more embodiments;
FIG. 2C is a block diagram of a transmitter adapted to generate both a wide band OFDM signal and narrow band signaling channel according one or more embodiments;
FIG. 2D is a block diagram of a transmitter adapted to generate both a wide band OFDM signal and narrow band signaling channel which has center frequency at a certain frequency that may not necessarily be located inside the OFDM spectrum according to one or more embodiments;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a wireless device adapted to receive a narrow band signaling channel in accordance with one or more embodiments;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of another wireless device adapted to receive a narrow band signaling channel in accordance with one or more embodiments;
FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a CDMA transmitter that is adapted to generate a narrow band signaling channel in accordance with one or more embodiments; and
FIG. 6 is an example of spectrum utilization for a UMTS wireless device adapted to receive a narrow band signaling channel in accordance with one or more embodiments.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION
In order to reduce the power consumption of a wireless device due to the processing of the received paging channel or similar channels, a new signaling channel is provided for use in OFDM systems. The bandwidth of one or more tones or pieces of spectrum are pre-assigned at a certain frequency or frequencies. One of the tones or one piece of spectrum or their combinations is used for signaling. The new signaling channel might contain beacon channel information or paging channel information or system information to name a few examples. The total bandwidth of this particular channel can be selected depending upon the designated network capacity. In some embodiments, this channel information is modulated in the time domain, for example as a PSK (phase shift keying) signal or as an AM signal or otherwise. In another embodiment, the channel information is modulated in the frequency domain similar to OFDM. In some embodiments, the signaling channel is encoded and modulated separately from the remaining of the OFDM transmission and therefore the paging channel can be implemented as a separate module to hook up to a primary radio responsible for the generation of the full OFDM signal, and sometimes with constant modulation. The OFDM sub-carriers are zeroed out if the signaling channel is designed within band. In other embodiments, the signaling channel can be implemented together with the OFDM transmitter. The portion of the transmitter responsible for generation of the full transmit signal will be referred to as the primary transmitter.
Referring now to FIG. 1, shown is an example of the downlink signaling channel. Generally indicated at 10 is the typical occupied OFDM spectrum. It can be seen that this consists of a contiguous set of sub-carriers. The number of sub-carriers will vary for different applications. According to at least one embodiment, a portion of the spectrum is reserved, referred to as the reserved spectrum 12. The reserved subcarriers can be anywhere inside the spectrum 10. Within this spectrum, there is transmitted a signal which occupies an occupied signaling channel spectrum as indicated at 14. The occupied signaling channel spectrum is designed so as to fall completely within the reserved spectrum 12.
In some cases, the signaling channel bandwidth is an integer multiple of the sub-carrier bandwidth.
Referring now to FIG. 2A, shown is a block diagram of a first example of an OFDM transmitter capable of generating a narrow band signaling channel in accordance with one or more embodiments. The signaling channel in this example is implemented in the frequency domain by the primary transmitter. Shown is an IFFT function 60 having eight inputs consisting of six data inputs 62 and two signaling channel inputs 64. The IFFT produces a time domain output which is input to a parallel-to-serial converter 66 to produce an overall output 68. In this case, a single IFFT 60 is employed to produce the overall output containing both the wide band content and the signaling channel content. In this example and the examples that follow, it is to be understood that the number of sub-carriers and the particular location of the sub-carriers for data and signaling are particular to these examples, but that more generally any number of sub-carriers can be employed for a wide band content, and the narrow band signaling channel can be inserted anywhere within the wide band spectrum. At times, however, the signaling channel is inserted at the edge of the available spectrum, and occupies as few sub-carriers as possible to control the system overhead.
Referring to FIG. 2B, shown is another example of a transmitter adapted to produce a signal containing both the wide band output and the signaling channel. In this case, the signaling channel is implemented in the frequency domain separately from the primary transmitter. Shown is a first IFFT function 70 receiving as input data inputs 72, and zero inputs 74 in the frequency locations where the signaling channel is to reside. The output of IFFT 70 is converted to serial form with parallel-to-serial converter 76 to produce a wide band time domain output 78. Similarly, a second IFFT function 80 is shown having zero inputs 82 where the wide band data content is to be located, and having signaling channel inputs 84 at the frequency locations where the signaling channel is to reside. The IFFT 80 produces a time domain output which is converted to serial form with parallel-to-serial converter 86 to produce a signaling channel time domain output 88. The two time domain outputs 78,88 are combined at 90 to produce an overall output 92.
A third example of a transmitter for generating an overall output containing the OFDM signal and narrow band signaling channel is shown in FIG. 2C. In this example, the signaling channel is separately designed within the reserved spectrum and may or may not involve IFFT functionality. In this case the OFDM functionality for the wide band signal is the same as that of FIG. 2B, and a wide band time domain output is produced at 78. Also shown is a narrow band modulator 96 operating at signaling channel frequency. This takes signaling channel information 94, modulates it at the signaling channel frequency to produce the signaling channel output 98 which is combined at 100 with the wide band time domain output 78 to produce an overall output 102.
A fourth example of a transmitter for generating an overall output containing the OFDM signal and narrow band signaling channel is shown in FIG. 2D. In this case, the OFDM functionality for the wide band signal is the same as that of FIG. 2B, and a wide band time domain output is produced from data inputs 95 at 78. Also shown is a narrow band modulator 99 operating at a certain signaling channel frequency. This takes signaling channel information 97, modulates it at the signaling channel frequency to produce the signaling channel output 93 which is separately transmitted and of course time synchronized with the primary transmitter. Depending on the frequency location of the narrow band channel, it may or may not be necessary to insert zeros for one or more sub-carriers of the OFDM signal. This signaling channel may or may not share hardware such as RF front end, antenna, etc. with the rest of the transmitter.
Four very specific examples of OFDM modulation have been shown in FIGS. 2A, 2B, 2C and 2D. Of course a transmitter would typically include far more functions than those shown in these figures. The minimum details necessary to illustrate how the signaling channel can be modulated have been included. Also, it is to be understood that the IFFT is but one example of a function for generating an OFDM signal.
Referring now to FIG. 3, shown is a block diagram of a wireless device provided by one or more embodiments. The terminal features a wide band receiver 16 and a narrow band receiver 18. Also shown is antenna functionality generally indicated by 20. The antenna functionality may consist of a single or multiple antennas connected to both of the receiver 16 and 18, or may consist of respective antennas connected to each of the receivers 16 and 18. The narrow band receiver 18 operates to receive a narrow band signaling channel, and to decide on the basis of the narrow band signaling channel whether or not to generate a wake up signal 22 to wake up the wide band receiver 16. This wake up signal can come in any appropriate form. For example it might simply be a signal to switch on a power supply driving the wide band receiver 16. The signal may contain scheduling information. Once the wide band receiver is on, it will stay on until it is deemed acceptable to power down again. This may occur for example after the completion of a transmission of a data package after which the wireless device will power down and wait for another wake-up.
Referring now to FIG. 4, shown is a block diagram of an example wireless device adapted to process both the regular OFDM channel and the signaling channel, as provided by one or more embodiments. Shown are only some of the key conventional components of an OFDM receiver for illustration purposes, these consisting of a receive antenna 20, receive duplexer filter 22, RF receiver 24, analog base-band processor 26. There is a power management module 36 connected to both the RF receiver 24 and the analog base-band processor 26. The analog base-band processor 26 and the power management module 36 are also both connected to a DSP (digital signal processor) microprocessor 28. The DSP microprocessor 28 is connected to memory 30 which might be flash memory, ROM or SRAM to name a few examples. It is also connected to a display 32 and keypad 34. Finally, there is shown a SIM card 42 having an IP address. The components described thus far all form part of an example of a conventional OFDM receiver. More generally, any set of functionality that is capable of performing normal reception of OFDM signals is contemplated in place of the above described functionality.
In addition to the conventional receiver, there is a narrow band receiver 38 also shown connected to the antenna 20 via filter 22. The narrow band receiver is connected to a module where a subscriber identifier, network information, etc. are stored, for example a SIM card.
Also shown is a battery 40. Battery 40 is connectable to the power management module or not 36 by power switch 37 depending on instructions from the narrow band receiver 38.
The arrow 39 from narrow band receiver 38 to power switch 37 represents an instruction arrow rather than wiring connection. The dotted arrow from battery 40 to narrowband receiver 38 is an optional real connection from which the narrowband receiver may drain power for housekeeping purposes and internal clock purposes etc. The narrow band receiver may alternatively have its own battery for housekeeping that is separate from the main battery. The narrow band receiver 38 is designed to only look at the signaling channel. This can be done in a much more power efficient manner than would be the case in receiving a paging channel using all of the conventional receiver circuitry.
In some embodiments, the narrow band receiver 38 is on constantly and is capable of receiving a message at any time. In another embodiment, the narrow band receiver 38 wakes itself up on a periodic/scheduled basis. This may for example be achieved by running an internal clock parasite on the primary radio clock such that after system synchronization, the narrow band receiver knows when and where the paging channel appears. This latter approach is more power efficient. Once the narrow band receiver 38 receives a message for the particular terminal, it will then wake up the remainder of the wireless device by switching power switch 37 over to the power management module 36 such that the terminal is then operating in a conventional manner over the entire OFDM spectrum.
In some embodiments, the narrow band receiver 38 does not operate when the remainder of the wireless devices are operating in wide band receiving mode. In another embodiment, the narrow band receiver 38 continues to receive power and to operate even while the remainder of the wireless device is powered on.
Not shown in FIG. 4 is all of the circuitry involved for wide-band transmission. In duplex implementations, such circuitry would be included. However, for the signaling channel, there is only receive functionality.
In some embodiments, this new narrow band channel is a replacement for an existing paging channel within the wide-band spectrum. Alternatively, the new signaling channel is used as described, but the existing channel can also be used to communicate to terminals that are fully powered. In some embodiments, the narrow band receiver is completely passive, and does not require any power supply whatsoever. Examples of receivers that would be capable of functioning in this manner are MEMS resonators, MEMS RF receivers, or circuits that are capable of collecting RF energy from transmitters via inductive coupling circuitry. All the receiver needs to be able to do is to receive and process enough of the signal to identify if there is a message for the particular wireless device.
In other embodiments, the narrow band receiver is semi-passive, having a small power supply for housekeeping purposes or obtaining a small amount of power from the main power supply. In such an embodiment, power is supplied from the battery for housekeeping purposes. However, there is still passive circuitry for collecting RF energy that is then used to process the paging channel and to turn on/off the power for the main radio. FIG. 4 shows a passive power source 33 that might be used in passive or semi-passive implementations.
Referring now to FIG. 5, shown is a block diagram of another transmitter in accordance with at least one embodiment. This embodiment is particular to CDMA signals. Shown is a main CDMA signal generator 110 that generates a wide band CDMA signal 114. Also shown is a signaling channel generator operating at the edge of the CDMA bandwidth 112 that produces a signaling channel output 116. This is combined with the wide band signal 114 at 118, and the sum 119 is up converted at 120 to produce an overall output 122. The corresponding receiver is similar to that of FIG. 3 or 4, but with the wide band receiver being a CDMA receiver.
FIG. 6 shows an example of spectrum utilization for the embodiment of FIG. 5 specific to a 3GPP/UMTS wireless device. Such wireless devices employ signals occupying a 5 MHz bandwidth. The original chip rate for this standard was 4.096 MCPS (mega chips per second). However, due to a change in the standard now the chip rate is 3.84 MCPS. This results in an amount of extra bandwidth equal to 4.096−3.84=256 kHz. This is enough for two narrow band channels with a 128 kHz bandwidth each. This is shown in FIG. 6 where the UMTS signal bandwidth is generally indicated at 50, and the leftover bandwidth at 52 is now used for narrow band signaling channels as described above.
Numerous modifications the various embodiments are possible in light of the above teachings. It is therefore to be understood that within the scope of the appended claims, that some embodiments may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described herein.

## Claims

1. A method comprising:
maintaining a wideband receiver in a non-processing and power saving mode, where when awakened, the wideband receiver consumes a greater amount of power for processing plural signals obtained from a corresponding plurality of subcarriers distributed over a pre-specified wide frequency band than when in its non-processing and power saving mode;
receiving, using an associated narrow band receiver, a narrow band signal that is transmitted only in a narrow band adjacent to an edge one of the subcarriers, the narrow band being substantially narrower than the pre-specified wide frequency band, the narrow band signal comprising an indication usable to determine whether or not to wake up the wideband receiver for a case where that wideband receiver is in its non-processing and power saving mode;
processing the received narrow band signal to determine whether to wake up the wideband receiver based, at least in part, on the indication; and
responsive to determining to wake up the wideband receiver, waking up the wideband receiver out of the non-processing and power saving mode so as to thereby enable the awakened wideband receiver to process plural signals of corresponding plural subcarriers of the wide frequency band,
wherein the narrow band signal is located at one of:
an edge portion of the wide frequency band; or immediately adjacent to but outside of the wide frequency band.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the narrow band signal further comprises a message for a particular one among a plurality of wireless devices.

3. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
periodically waking up the narrow band receiver from an automatically entered into sleep mode thereof to determine if a next received message within a correspondingly received narrow band signal is one directed to a corresponding wideband receiver associated with the narrow band receiver.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of subcarriers distributed over a pre-specified wide frequency band define an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) signal.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein waking up the wideband receiver further comprises controlling a power supply associated with the wideband receiver.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the narrow band signal comprises scheduling information associated with the wideband receiver.

7. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
stopping operation of the narrow band receiver while the wideband receiver is operating.

8. One or more processor-readable memory devices comprising processor-executable instructions which, responsive to execution by at least one processor, are configured to enable a machine system to:
maintain in a non-processing and power saving mode, a wideband receiver that when awakened consumes a greater amount of power for processing signals occupying a pre-specified wide frequency band;
receive, using an associated narrow band receiver, a narrow band signal that is transmitted in a narrow band adjacent to an edge portion of the, and that is substantially narrower than the pre-specified wide frequency band, the narrow band signal comprising an indication of whether or not to wake up the wideband receiver for a case where that wideband receiver is in its non-processing and power saving mode;
process the narrow band signal to determine whether to wake up the wideband receiver based, at least in part, on the indication; and responsive to determining to wake up the wideband receiver, wake up the wideband receiver out of the non-processing and power saving mode so as to thereby enable the awakened wideband receiver to process signals of the wide frequency band,
wherein the adjacent narrow band signal is located at one of:
an edge portion of the wide frequency band; or immediately adjacent to but outside of the wide frequency band.

9. The one or more processor-readable memory devices of claim 8, wherein the processor-executable instructions are further configured to enable the machine system to:
demodulate the narrow band signal; and
decode the demodulated narrow band signal effective to obtain the indication therein of whether to wake up the wideband receiver.

10. The one or more processor-readable memory devices of claim 8, wherein the wideband signal defines at least one of a Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) signal and a set of contiguous subcarriers occupying the pre-specified wide frequency band defining an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) signal.

11. The one or more processor-readable memory devices of claim 8, wherein the processor-executable instructions are further configured to enable the machine system to control a power supply associated with the wideband receiver effective to wake up the wideband receiver.

12. The one or more processor-readable memory devices of claim 8, wherein the processor-executable instructions are further configured to enable the machine system to stop operation of the narrow band receiver while the wideband receiver is operating.

13. The one or more processor-readable memory devices of claim 8, wherein the processor-executable instructions are further configured to enable the machine system to periodically wake up the narrow band receiver to determine if a narrow band signal is being received containing a message specific to a wideband receiver associated with the narrow band receiver.

14. A system to control power consumption of a device, the system comprising:
a wideband receiver implemented, at least in part, in hardware and configured to receive and process a wideband signal occupying a pre-specified wide frequency band;
a narrow band receiver implemented, at least in part, in hardware, and configured to receive a narrowband signal occupying no more that a narrow band adjacent to an edge of the pre-specified wide frequency band;
at least one processor; and
one or more processor-readable memory devices comprising processor-executable instructions which, responsive to execution by the at least one processor, are configured to enable the system to:
receive, using the narrow band receiver, the narrow band signal, the narrow band signal comprising an indication of whether to wake up the wideband receiver when the wideband receiver is in a non-processing and power saving mode;
process the narrow band signal to determine whether to wake up the wideband receiver based, at least in part, on the indication; and
responsive to determining to wake up the wideband receiver, wake up the wideband receiver out of the non-processing and power saving mode effective to process the wideband signal,
wherein the narrow band signal is located at one of:
an edge portion of the wide frequency band; or immediately
adjacent to but outside of the wide frequency band.

15. The system of claim 14, wherein the narrow band receiver comprises a passive device.

16. The system of claim 14 further comprising:
a power supply; and
a switch connecting the power supply to the wideband receiver, the switch being controlled, at least in part, by the narrow band receiver effective to wake up the wideband receiver.

17. The system of claim 14, wherein the system is further configured to:
demodulate the narrow band signal; and
decode the demodulated narrow band signal effective to determine whether to wake up the wideband receiver.

18. The system of claim 14, wherein the system is further configured to periodically wake up the narrow band receiver.

19. The system of claim 14, wherein the wideband receiver comprises at least one of:
an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) receiver; or
a Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) receiver.

20. The system of claim 14, wherein the system is further configured to process the narrow band signal effective to determine whether the narrow band signal contains a message specific to the system.