[Federal Register Volume 83, Number 11 (Wednesday, January 17, 2018)]
[Notices]
[Pages 2461-2462]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2018-00672]


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DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

Fish and Wildlife Service

[FWS-R1-ES-2017-N135; FF01EWFW00-FXES111601M000]


Marine Mammal Protection Act; Stock Assessment Report for the 
Northern Sea Otter in Washington

AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service, Interior.

ACTION: Notice of availability; request for comments.

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SUMMARY: In accordance with the Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972, 
as amended, and its implementing regulations, we, the U.S. Fish and 
Wildlife Service, have developed a draft revised marine mammal stock 
assessment report for the northern sea otter stock in the State of 
Washington. We now make the draft stock assessment report available for 
public review and comment.

DATES: We will consider comments that are received or postmarked on or 
before April 17, 2018.

ADDRESSES: If you wish to review the draft revised stock assessment 
report for the northern sea otter stock in Washington, you may obtain a 
copy from our website at http://www.fws.gov/wafwo. Alternatively, you 
may contact the Washington Fish and Wildlife Office, 510 Desmond Dr., 
Suite 102, Lacey, WA 98503 (telephone: 360-753-9440). If you wish to 
comment on the stock assessment report, you may submit your comments in 
writing by any one of the following methods:
    <bullet> U.S. mail: State Supervisor, at the above address;
    <bullet> Hand delivery: Washington Fish and Wildlife Office at the 
above address;
    <bullet> Fax: 360-753-9565; or
    <bullet> Email: <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#b1d7c680eec6d0c2d4d0dec5c5d4c3c2d0c3f1d7c6c29fd6dec7"><span class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="86e0f1b7d9f1e7f5e3e7e9f2f2e3f4f5e7f4c6e0f1f5a8e1e9f0">[email protected]</span></a>.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Deanna Lynch, at the above street 
address, by telephone (360-753-9545), or by email 
(<a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#b1d5d4d0dfdfd0eeddc8dfd2d9f1d7c6c29fd6dec7"><span class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="bcd8d9ddd2d2dde3d0c5d2dfd4fcdacbcf92dbd3ca">[email protected]</span></a>). Persons who use a telecommunications device for 
the deaf (TDD) may call the Federal Relay Service at 800-877-8339.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: We announce the availability for review and 
comment of a draft revised marine mammal stock assessment report (SAR) 
for the northern sea otter (Enhydra lutris kenyoni) stock in the State 
of Washington.

Background

    Under the Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972, as amended (MMPA; 
16 U.S.C. 1361 et seq.), and its implementing regulations in the Code 
of Federal Regulations (CFR) at 50 CFR part 18, the U.S. Fish and 
Wildlife Service (Service) regulates the taking; import; and, under 
certain conditions, possession; transportation; purchasing; selling; 
and offering for sale, purchase, or export, of marine mammals. One of 
the goals of the MMPA is to ensure that stocks of marine mammals 
occurring in waters under U.S. jurisdiction do not experience a level 
of human-caused mortality and serious injury that is likely to cause 
the stock to be reduced below its optimum sustainable population (OSP) 
level. OSP is defined under the MMPA as ``the number of animals which 
will result in the maximum productivity of the population or the 
species, keeping in mind the carrying capacity of the habitat and the 
health of the ecosystem of which they form a constituent element'' (16 
U.S.C. 1362(9)).
    To help accomplish the goal of maintaining marine mammal stocks at 
their OSPs, section 117 of the MMPA requires the Service and the 
National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) to prepare a SAR for each 
marine mammal stock that occurs in waters under U.S. jurisdiction. A 
SAR must be based on the best scientific information available; 
therefore, we prepare it in consultation with established regional 
scientific review groups established under 117(d) of the MMPA. Each SAR 
must include:

    1. A description of the stock and its geographic range;
    2. A minimum population estimate, current and maximum net 
productivity rate, and current population trend;
    3. An estimate of the annual human-caused mortality and serious 
injury by source and, for a strategic stock, other factors that may 
be causing a decline or impeding recovery of the stock;
    4. A description of commercial fishery interactions;
    5. A categorization of the status of the stock; and
    6. An estimate of the potential biological removal (PBR) level.

    The MMPA defines the PBR as ``the maximum number of animals, not 
including natural mortalities, that may be removed from a marine mammal 
stock while allowing that stock to reach or maintain its [OSP]'' (16 
U.S.C. 1362(20)). The PBR is the product of the minimum population 
estimate of the stock (N<INF>min</INF>); one-half the maximum 
theoretical or estimated net productivity rate of the stock at a small 
population size (R<INF>max</INF>); and a recovery factor 
(F<INF>r</INF>) of between 0.1 and 1.0, which is intended to compensate 
for uncertainty and unknown estimation errors. This can be written as:

PBR = (N<INF>min</INF>)(\1/2\ of the R<INF>max</INF>)(F<INF>r</INF>)

    Section 117 of the MMPA also requires the Service and NMFS to 
review the SARs (a) at least annually for stocks that are specified as 
strategic stocks, (b) at least annually for stocks for which 
significant new information is available, and (c) at least once every 3 
years for all other stocks. If our review of the status of a stock 
indicates that it has changed or may be more accurately determined, 
then the SAR must be revised accordingly.
    A strategic stock is defined in the MMPA as a marine mammal stock 
``(A) for which the level of direct human-caused mortality exceeds the 
[PBR] level; (B) which, based on the best available scientific 
information, is

[[Page 2462]]

declining and is likely to be listed as a threatened species under the 
Endangered Species Act of 1973, [as amended] (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.) 
[the ``ESA''], within the foreseeable future; or (C) which is listed as 
a threatened species or endangered species under the [ESA], or is 
designated as depleted under [the MMPA]'' 16 U.S.C. 1362(19).

Stock Assessment Report History for the Northern Sea Otter in 
Washington

    The Washington sea otter SAR was last revised in August 2008. The 
Washington sea otter is not a strategic stock, thus the Service is 
required to review the stock assessment at least once every 3 years. 
The Service reviewed the Washington sea otter SAR in 2011 and concluded 
that a revision was not warranted because the status of the stock had 
not changed, nor could it be more accurately determined. However, upon 
review in 2016, the Service determined that revision was warranted 
because of changes in population estimates and distribution.

Summary of Draft Revised Stock Assessment Report for the Northern Sea 
Otter in the State of Washington

    The following table summarizes some of the information contained in 
the draft revised SAR for northern sea otters in Washington State, 
which includes the stock's N<INF>min</INF>, R<INF>max</INF>, 
F<INF>r</INF>, PBR, annual estimated human-caused mortality and serious 
injury, and status. After consideration of any public comments we 
receive, the Service will revise and finalize the SAR, as appropriate. 
We will publish a notice of availability and summary of the final SAR, 
including responses to submitted comments.

                                  Summary--Draft Stock Assessment Report for the Northern Sea Otter in Washington State
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                              Annual estimated human-caused
                 Stock                       Nmin         Rmax          Fr          PBR        mortality and serious injury          Stock status
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Northern Sea Otter (Washington State)..        1,806         0.20          0.1           18  Figures by specific source,      Non-Strategic.
                                                                                              where known, are provided in
                                                                                              the SAR.
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Public Availability of Comments

    Before including your address, phone number, email address, or 
other personal identifying information in your comment, you should be 
aware that your entire comment--including your personal identifying 
information--may be made publicly available at any time. While you can 
ask us in your comment to withhold your personal identifying 
information from public review, we cannot guarantee that we will be 
able to do so.

References

    In accordance with the MMPA, we include in this notice a list of 
the information sources and public reports upon which we based the SAR:

Bigg, M.A. and I.B. MacAskie. 1978. Sea otters re-established in 
British Columbia. J. Mammalogy 59 (4):874-876.
Department Fisheries and Oceans, Canada (DFO). 2015. Trends in the 
abundance and distribution of sea otters (Enhydra lutris) in British 
Columbia updated with 2013 survey results. DFO Can. Sci. Advis. Sec. 
Sci. Advis. Rep. 2015/043.
DeMaster, D.P., C. Marzin, and R.J. Jameson. 1996. Estimating the 
historical abundance of sea otters in California. Endangered Species 
Update 13(12):79-81.
Estes, J.A. 1990. Growth and equilibrium in sea otter populations. 
J. Anim. Ecol. 59:358-401.
Hatfield, B.B., J.A. Ames, J.A. Estes, M.T. Tinker, A.B. Johnson, 
M.M Staelder, and M.D. Harris. 2011. Sea otter mortality in fish and 
shellfish traps: estimated potential impacts and exploring possible 
solutions. Endangered Species Research 13:219-229.
Hatfield, B.B. and J.A. Estes. 2000. Preliminary results of an 
evaluation of the potential threat to sea otters posed by the 
nearshore finfish trap fishery. Unpublished, 6 pp. + appendices.
Jameson, R.J., K.W. Kenyon, A.M. Johnson, and H.M. Wight. 1982. 
History and status of translocated sea otter populations in North 
America. Wildl. Soc. Bull. 10:100-107.
Jameson, R.J., K.W. Kenyon, S.Jeffries and G.R. VanBlaricom. 1986. 
Status of a translocated sea otter and its habitat in Washington. 
Murrelet 67:84-87.
Jameson, R.J. 1996. Status reports: West Coast translocation 
projects, Oregon and Washington. The Otter Raft No. 55, Page 8.
Jameson, R.J., and S. Jeffries. 1999. Results of the 1999 Survey of 
the Washington Sea Otter
Population. Unpublished Report. 5 pp.
Jeffries, S., D. Lynch, and S. Thomas. 2016. Results of the 2016 
Survey of the Reintroduced Sea Otter Population in Washington State. 
Unpublished Report. 9 pp. Copies may be obtained from the Washington 
Department of Fish and Wildlife or U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's 
Washington Fish and Wildlife Office.
Laidre, K., R.J. Jameson, S.J. Jeffries, and E. Gurarie. 2011. 
Updated estimates of carrying capacity for sea otters in Washington 
state. Unpublished final contract report, December 31, 2011, 12 pp. 
+ appendix.
Lance, M.M., S.A. Richardson, and H. Allen. 2004. State of 
Washington sea otter recovery plan. WDFW, Olympia WA. 91 pp.
Riedman, M.L., and J.A. Estes. 1990. The sea otter (Enhydra lutris): 
behavior, ecology, and natural history. U.S. Fish and Wildlife 
Service, Washington, DC, Biological Report 90(14). 126 pp.
Scheffer, V.B. 1940. The sea otter on the Washington coast. Pacific 
Northwest Quarterly, 3:370-388.
Taylor, B.L., M. Scott, J. Heyning, and J. Barlow. 2003. Suggested 
guidelines for recovery factors for endangered marine mammals. NOAA 
Technical Memorandum NOAA-TM-NMFS-SWFSC-354, September 2003. 6 pp.
Wilson, D.E., M.A. Bogan, R.L. Brownell, Jr., A.M. Burdin, and M.K. 
Maminov. 1991. Geographic variation in sea otters, Enhydra lutris. 
J. Mammal. 72(1):22-36.

Authority

    The authority for this action is the Marine Mammal Protection Act 
of 1972, as amended (16 U.S.C. 1361 et seq.).

    Dated: November 30, 2017.
James W. Kurth,
Deputy Director, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Exercising the 
Authority of the Director, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
[FR Doc. 2018-00672 Filed 1-16-18; 8:45 am]
 BILLING CODE 4333-15-P


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