T hi s di s pos i t i on i s notappr opr i a t e f orpubl i c a t i on and i s notpr e c e de nt * e xc e pta s pr ovi de d by9th C i r . R . 36- 3.

T he pa ne l una ni m ous l yc onc l ude s thi s c a s e i s s ui t abl e f orde c i s i on ** w ith o u t o r a l a r g u m e n t. See F ed. R . A pp . P . 34 (a )( 2). G T / R es ear ch NOT F OR P UB L I CAT I ON

UN I TE D STATE S C OU RT OF APPE ALS FOR T HE NI NTH CI RC UI T PA RV I Z M O N TA ZER, P la in tif

f - A p p e lla n t, v. S M S T O L L E R , I N C .; e t a l., D efen d an t s - A p p el l ees. N o. 08- 15070 D . C. N o . 0 7 - CV - 0 0 5 6 3 - J CM ME MOR AN DU M *

A pp ea l fr om the U ni t ed S t at es D i stri ctC ou rt

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N e va da J a m e s C . M a ha n, D i s tr i c tJ udge , P r e s i di ng S ubm i tt e d J a nua ry11, 2010 ** B e f o r e : B E E Z E R , T R O T T , a n dB Y B E E , C ir c u it J u d g e s . P a rvi z M ont a z e rappe a l s pr o s e f r om the di s tr i c tc ourt ’ s j udgm e ntdi s m i s s i ng w i th p re j ud i ce hi s a ct i on al l egi ng fe dera l em pl oym entdi sc ri m i nat i on and st at e l aw 

# FI LED JAN 25 2 010 M OLLY C. DW Y ER, CLERK U . S. C O U R T OF APPE ALSG T / Res ea r ch 08- 15070 2 t ortc l a i m s . W e ha ve j ur i s di c t i on pur s ua ntt o 28 U . S . C . § 1291. W e r e vi e w de n o v o , B N

SF R y. C o. v. O ’D ea , 5 7 2 F .3 d7 8 5 , 7 8 7 ( 9 th C ir . 2 0 0 9 ) , a n dw e a f f irm in pa rt , va c a t e i n pa rt , a nd r e m a nd. T he di s tr i c tc ourtdi d note rri n di s m i s s i ng the f e de r a l e m pl oy m e nt di s c r i m i na t i on c l a i m s be c aus e M ont a z e rf a i l e d t o a l l e ge f

a c t s s how i ng tha ta ny r e m a in in g d e f

e n d a n t w a s h is e m p lo y e r . Se e C la c ka m a s G a s tr o e n te r o lo g yA s s o c ., P .C . v . W

e lls , 53 8 U . S . 44 0, 44 5 (20 03 ) ( expl ai ni ng thatfor purpo se s of f eder al s t a tut oryl a w “ c onve nt i ona l m a s t e r - s e rva ntr e l a t i ons hi p a s unde r s t ood byc om m onl aw agencydo ctri ne” i s the re l evantt es ti n d et erm i ni ng w hether pl ai nt i ff i s an “e m p lo y e e ” o f

d e f e n d a n t) ; i d. at45 0 (expl ai ni ng thatan “ em pl oyer ” i s abl e t o “ hi re a n df ir e e m p lo y e e s ” ) . D is m is s a l o f

th e s e c la im s s h o u ldh a v e b e e n o n th e m e r its f o rf a ilu r e to s ta te ac l a i m , r a the rtha n f

orl a c k of

s ubj e c tm a tt e rj ur i s di c t i on, a s the pl e a di ngs do not i nd i ca t e thatthe fe dera l cl ai m s w er e nec es sari l y “ i m pl ausi bl e. ” See C oo k v . P eter Ki e w i t Sons C o. , 7 7 5 F .2 d 1 0 3 0 , 1 0 3 5 ( 9 th C ir . 1 9 8 5 ) ( “U n d e rth e s u b s ta n tia lity doc tr i ne , the di s tr i c tc ourtl a c ks s ubj e c tm a tt e rj ur i s di c t i on w he n the que s t i on p r e s e n te dis to o in s u b s ta n tia l to c o n s id e r . T h e c la im m u s t b e s o in s u b s ta n tia l, im p lau s ib le , f

o r e c lo s e d b yp r io rd e c is io n s o f th is C o u rt o ro th e rw is e c o m p le te lyG T / Res ea r ch 08- 15070 3 de voi d of

m e r i ta s nott o i nvol ve af e de r a l c ontr ove r s yw i thi n the j ur i s di c t i on of the D is tr ic t C o u rt[ .]” ) ( c ita tio n s a n d in te rn a l q u o ta tio n m a rk s o m itte d ) . A di s m i s s a l of

the f e de r a l c l a i m s on the m e r i t s w oul d ha ve a l l ow e d the di s tr i c tc ourtt o e xe r c i s e i t s di s c r e t i on t o a dj udi c a t e the s t a t e l a w c l a i m s . B ut ha vi ng di s m i s s e d the f

e de r a l c l a i m s f

orl a c k of

s ubj e c tm a tt e rj ur i s di c t i on, the d is tr ic t c o u rt s h o u ldn o t h a v e a d ju d ic a te dth e s ta te la w c la im s . Se e H e rm a n Fa m ily R e v oc able T

r us t v . T e ddyB e ar , 25 4 F . 3d 80 2, 80 6 (9th C i r. 20 01 ) ( “ If the di stri ct c o u rt d is m is s e s a ll f

e d e r a l c la im s o n th e m e r its , it h a s d is c r e tio n u n d e r§ 1 3 6 7 ( c ) to adj ud i ca t e the re m ai ni ng cl ai m s; i f the courtdi sm i ss es for l ac k o f s ubj ec tm att er j uri sdi ct i on , i thas no d i sc re t i on and m ustdi sm i ss al l cl ai m s. ”) . A f t e rdi s m i s s a l of

f e de r a l c l a i m s on the m e r i t s , the pr e f e r abl e c our s e of a c tio n is d is m is s a l o f

th e r e m a in in g c la im s w ith o u t p r e ju d ic e . L es Sh ockley R aci ng, Inc. v. N

at ’l H otR odA ss ’n , 8 8 4 F .2 d5 0 4 , 5 0 9 ( 9 th C ir . 1 9 8 9 ) ( “W h e n . . . the c ourtdi s m i s s e s the f e de r a l c l a i m [ s ] l e a vi ng onl ys t a t e c l a i m s f orr e s ol ut i on, the c ourts houl d de c l i ne j ur i s di c t i on ove rthe s t a t e c l a i m s a nd di s m i s s the m w i thout p r e ju d ic e .” ) . W e do notc ons i de ri s s ue s tha tM ont a z e rdi d notde ve l op i n hi s ope ni ng b r ie f . Se e P ie r c e v . Mu ltn o m a h C o u n ty , 76 F . 3d 10 32 , 10 37 n. 3 (9th C i r. 19 96 ). M on t az er ’ s r em ai ni ng cont ent i on s are un pers uasi ve.G T / Res ea r ch 08- 15070 4 W e gr a ntthe pe ndi ng m ot i ons c onc e rni ng M ont a z e r ’ s r e pl ybr i e f s , f i l e d on M a y16, 2008 a nd M a y30, 2008. T h e p a rtie s s h a ll b e a rth e iro w n c o s ts o n ap p e a l. I n s um m a ry , w e a f

f i rm di s m i s s a l w i th pr e

j udi c e of the f e de r a l c l a i m s f

or f a i l ur e t o s t a t e ac l a i m , va c a t e di s m i s s a l of the s t a t e l a w c l a i m s w i th pr e j udi c e , a nd rem an dfo r fu rth er p ro ceed i n g s o n th e st at e l aw cl ai m s. A FFI R M ED i n pa r t , VA C A TED i n pa r t , a nd R EM A N D ED .