INITIAL REVIEW ENGINEERING REPORT 

PMN: 11-0273 

Standard Review Draft 5/12/2011 

ENGINEER: Macek \ BCS 

PV (kg/yr): 1,120 

Revision Notes / Assessment Overview: 

The FOCUS ready draft version of the IRER has been revised to 

incorporate: 

- additional review of infomation provided by the submitter 

in the submission 

- supplemental information provided on May 5, 2011 

(Letter from Nicholas Caparco of Lockheed Martin to Jim Alwood 

and Greg Macek of the USEPA) and 

- information obtained through phone conversations between Nicholas 

Caparco and Greg Macek on May 4 and May 10, 2011. 

 

Key changes to the previous version of the engineering report 

include: 

 1. Revision of the assessed Lifecycle of the PMN chemical to 

 include the following 3 stages: 

- Manufacturing and Processing at Lockheed Martin facility; 

- Use of 50% of the PV for incorporation into articles at the Lockheed 

 Martin facility 

- Use of 50% of the PV at Novocap facility in Valencia, California 

 for incorporation into articles 

2. Use of submitter's monitoring data for lead exposure as well as the 

OSHA PEL for lead as a basis for estimating inhalation exposure 

3. Refinement of the media of release determinations for the various 

release sources based on additional discussions with the 

 submitter. 

4. Assessment of the water release potential for each lifecycle stage 

assessed based on additional review and discussions with the 

submitter. 

5. Addition of information on the use of Personal Protective 

 Equipment (PPE) 

6. Included results of submitter's wastewater monitoring of lead and 

zirconium levels in wastewater from the Lockheed Martin facility. 

7. Added NPDES# for the POTW that receives the wastewater from the 

 Lockheed Martin facility.| 

SUBMITTER: Lockheed Martin 

USE: Piezoelectric ceramics used for active and passive 

underwater acoustic systems. Consolidated Set: P-11-0270, 

11-0273, and P-11-0274. 

OTHER USES: 

EPA SANITIZED Page 1 of 11
MSDS: Yes Label: No 

Gen Eqpt: Safety glasses are recommended for protection 

against exposures to dusts. Full body clothing should be 

worn to prevent potential exposure to skin. Sufficient 

mechanical ventilation (general and/or local exhaust) 

shall be provided to| maintain exposures below 

permissible air concentrations. Protective gloves 

recommended, but not required. 

Respirator: A NIOSH/MSHA approved dust/fume respirator 

shall be worn when airborne exposures may exceed 

OSHA/ACGIH permissible air concentrations. 

Health Effects: ACUTE: Exposure to elevated levels of 

airborne or ingested lead may produce symptoms of anemia, 

insomnia, weakness, constipation, nausea, abdominal pain, 

vomiting and neuritis. Extreme overexposure may lead to 

convulsions, stupor, coma and encephalopathy. Inhalation 

of Zirconium containing aerosols may cause lung 

granulomas. // CHRONIC: Chronic exposure to airborne and 

ingested lead may produce symptoms of persistent fatigue, 

sleep disturbance, headaches, aching bones and muscles, 

constipation, abdominal pains and loss of appetite. 

Excessive exposure may affect the circulatory, nervous, 

digestive systems, and kidneys. If chronic exposure is 

left untreated neuromuscular dysfunction and possible 

paralysis may occur. Women of child bearing age should 

avoid exposure to lead and its inorganic compounds due to 

the post-natal effects. Lead can cause potential injury 

to a developing fetus and possible effects on 

reproduction. 

TLV/PEL: 

Lanthanum Lead Titanium Zirconium Oxide 100 % 0.05 mg/m3, 

8 hr, as Pb TLV-TWA 

Lanthanum Lead Titanium Zirconium Oxide 100 % 0.05 mg/m3, 

8 hr, as Pb PEL-TWA 

CRSS : 

Chemical Name: Lanthanum lead titanium zirconium oxide 

S-H20: 0.000001 g/L @ 

VP: 1.0E-6 torr @ 

MW: %<500 %<1000 

Physical State and Misc CRSS Info: 

Neat: Solid Mfg: Solid Proc/Form: Solid: PMN material in 

aqueous slurry, then Solid: PMN material with or without 

binder End Use: Solid: PMN material formed into article. 

The molecular weight depends on the particle size. It is 

estimated that the molecular weight will be >100,000 

g/mol. Submitted Data: MP = 1350 °C (Sub. Est.); VP = 0 

torr; WS = 0.05 g/L or Non-detect; Density = 7.6-8.1 g/cc 

(Sub. Est.); Particle Size D50 = 1.3 μm. Estimated Data: 

VP < 0.000001 torr (Inorganic oxide); WS < 0.000001 g/L 

EPA SANITIZED Page 2 of 11
Consumer Use: No 

SAT (concerns) (04/11/2011): 

Related Cases and Related Cases and Misc SAT Info: 

Ecotox Related Cases: Analogs: 

 // Health: 

Migration to groundwater: Negligible 

PBT rating: P3B2T3 . 

Health: 3 Dermal, Drinking Water, Inhalation 

Eco: 3 Water (All releases to water with a CC = 8.00 ppb) 

OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE RATING: 1-2A 

NOTES & KEY ASSUMPTIONS: 

Generated by the 06/07/2005 version of ChemSTEER. The PMN 

is manufactured domestically, therefore mfg, proc/use 

into piezoelectric ceramics are assessed. This PMN is 

part of a related set including P11-0270 through P11-0274. 

 All cases have the same manufacturing and proc/use and 

exhibit the same releases and exposures. Changes to the 

IRER may effect the assessment of the other 4 PMNs in the 

set. The PMN contains four elements of concern: lead, 

niobium, titanium, and zirconium. The PMN PB rating is 

P3B2; therefore, a full assessment is required. Releases 

are assessed to all media. Note, submission specifies 

several dust releases to stack air, which is controlled 

by a bag house. Cleaning releases are collected in a 

collection sump pit. The submission implies this pit may 

discharge or be further treated. Solids collected in the 

bag house from air emissions or from collected sump pit 

solids are sent off-site as hazardous waste every 3-5 

years. Therefore, releases presented in this IRER to air 

and water may occur regularly; whereas land and 

incineration releases are expected to collect over time 

and occur every 3-5 years. Dermal and i

 have been

POLLUTION PREVENTION CONSIDERATIONS: 

None. 

EXPOSURE-BASED REVIEW: No 

EPA SANITIZED Page 3 of 11
INITIAL REVIEW ENGINEERING REPORT 

PMN: 11-0273 

Manufacture and Processing at Lockheed Martin Facility 

Number of Sites/ Location: 1 

Lockheed Martin Liverpool NY 13088 

Days/yr: 7 

Basis: Submission specifies 7 bt/yr, 4 hr/bt, up to 160 

kg/bt for PV of 1,120 kg/yr. 

Process Description: MNFR: Scoop and weigh raw powder 

materials --> Charge to mixing tank, mix for 20 minutes 

(LVE formed in slurry) --> Empty slurry from mixing tank 

into drying pans --> Drying (PMN solid powder, 100%) --> 

Powder breaker or dry blender to break up powder --> 

Calcining at 700-900 degC --> Storage in 5-gal pails. 

(Submission) 

PROC: Scoop PMN from pails (solid, 100% PMN) --> charge 

to mixing tank with water and dispersants --> Pump mixed 

slurry into vibratory mill --> Pump milled slurry into 

drying oven --> storage in 5-gallon pails (solid PMN 

powder, assume 100%). 

ENVIRONMENTAL RELEASES ESTIMATE SUMMARY 

IRER Note: The daily releases listed for any source below 

may coincide with daily releases from the other sources 

to the same medium. 

Water 

Output 2: 1.0E-2 kg/site-day over 7 days/yr from 1 site 

to: Onendaga County Department of Water and Environment 

Protection (NPDES# NY0002101). 

from: Water releases from cleanup activities including 

facility floors 

basis: User-Defined Loss Rate Model. Submission estimates 

release into POTW from the process of 0.01 kg/bt from 

various cleanup activities. Submitter provided results 

of water sampling that wa socnducted from the facility on 

1/13/11. Lead: <0.02 mg/L; 0.0019 mg/L. zirconium: 

<0.010 mg/L. 

Air 

Output 2: 1.1E-2 kg/site-day over 7 days/yr from 1 site 

to: Air 

from: Air emissions form baghouse 

basis: User-Defined Loss Rate Model. Submission 

estimates 0.6 kg/bt of dust emissions into baghouse 

filter (corresponds to a Loss fraction of 0.4%. CEB dust 

model estimates 0.5% release from solids transfer 

activities). Submitter indicated efficiency of baghouse 

filter is 98.2%. Calculation: 0.6 x (1-0.982) = 0.011 

kg. 

Conservative: 3.2E+0 kg/site-day over 7 days/yr from 1 

EPA SANITIZED Page 4 of 11
site 

or 2.2E+1 kg/yr 

to: 

from: Equipment Cleaning Losses of Solids from Process 

Vessels 

basis: EPA/OPPT Multiple Process Vessel Residual Model, 

Output 2: 5.9E-1 kg/site-day over 7 days/yr from 1 site 

or 4.1E+0 kg/yr 

to: 

from: Disposal of baghouse filter 

basis: User-Defined Loss Rate Model. Disposal of 

baghouse filtres (with captured dust emissions). 

Calculation: 0.6 x 0.982 = 0.59. 

RELEASE TOTAL 

2.7E+1 kg/yr - all sites 

OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURES ESTIMATE SUMMARY 

Tot. # of workers exposed via assessed routes: 

B

Inhalation: 

Submitter indicated that respirators (1/2 face respirator 

with P100 filter) are used whenever there is a potential 

for lead exposure by inhalation. 

Exposure to Particulate (Class I) 

Output 2: 2.8E-1 mg/day over 7 days/yr 

Number of workers (all sites) with inhalation exposure: 

Basis: Various activities (weighing, mixing and transfer 

of powder and slurries); User-defined Inhalation Model. 

Submitter indicated in supplemental information that an 

industrial hygiene plan for the site is developed each 

January for the current year. Personal lead exposure is 

always included in the plan. The sampling plan involves 

analyzin personal lead exposure for each major process 

performed in the ceramic area. The plan is based on 

activity in the area. Recent sample results for the lead 

breakup process was 13 ug/m3. Recent average sample 

result for powder fabrication for 220 kg batch was 18 

ug/m3. OSHA Action level for lead is 30 ug/m3 and OSHA 

PEL for lead is 50 ug/m3. Although employees are not 

exposed above the action level for more than 30 days a 

year they still require lead levels to be measured every 

EPA SANITIZED Page 5 of 11
6 months. Recent blood lead levels for two employees in 

he area wer less than 3 mcg/d. The other employee's 

blood level was 9 mcg/d. CEB estimate is based on 18 

ug/m3 (conservatgively assumed to be an 8-hr TWA exposure. 

 Chemistry report estimated that PMN material is 62-68% 

lead oxide. Calculation: 18 ug/m3 (lead)/0.65 x 1.25 

m3/hr x 8 hr/day = 0.28 mg/day. 

NOTE: The respirator class is: I. Particulate (including 

solid or liquid droplets). 

INHALATION MONITORING DATA REVIEW 

1) Uncertainty (estimate based on model, regulatory limit 

 or data not specific to industry): Yes 

2)a) Exposure level > 1 mg/day? No 

 OR 

 b) Hazard Rating for health of 2 or greater? 3 Yes 

Inhalation Monitoring Data Desired? Yes (both criteria 

met) 

Dermal: 

Submitter indicated that Tyvek ssuits and booties are 

required whenever an employee enters the ceramic area. 

Nitrile gloves are used when working with powders. There 

are several activities when the PMN may be landfiled in 

liquid form. The submission indicates that the same PPE 

requirements would be in place as for liquids (Tyvek suit 

and booties, and Nitrile gloves). 

Exposure to Solid at 100.00% concentration 

High End: 3.1E+3 mg/day over 7 days/yr 

Number of workers (all sites) with dermal exposure: 

Basis: Various activities (weighing, mixing and transfer 

of powder and slurries); EPA/OPPT Direct 2-Hand Dermal 

Contact with Solids Model. 

EPA SANITIZED Page 6 of 11
INITIAL REVIEW ENGINEERING REPORT 

PMN: 11-0273 

Incorporation into Article at Lockheed Martin Facility 

Number of Sites/ Location: 1 

Lockheed Martin Liverpool NY 13088 

Days/yr: 80 

Basis: Submission specifies 50% slite-limited use and 80 

days/yr. CEB estimates throughput of 7 kg/site-day. 

Process Description: Unload PMN powder from pails (solid 

powder, assume 100% PMN) --> Pour into feed hopper of 

press --> Powder pressed into ceramic articles in 

compaction presses (PMN part of an article) --> Burnout 

and fire to remove binder --> Finished article 

ENVIRONMENTAL RELEASES ESTIMATE SUMMARY 

IRER Note: The daily releases listed for any source below 

may coincide with daily releases from the other sources 

to the same medium. 

Water 

Output 2: 1.0E-2 kg/site-day over 80 days/yr from 1 site 

to: Onendaga County Department of Water and Environment 

Protection (NPDES # NY0002101) 

from: Water releases from cleanup activities including 

facility floors 

basis: User-Defined Loss Rate Model. Submission 

estimates release into POTW from the process of 0.01 

kg/bt from various cleanup activities. See previous 

section for results of facility wastewater monitoring. 

Air 

Output 2: 2.0E-3 kg/site-day over 80 days/yr from 1 site 

to: Air 

from: Air emissions from baghouse 

basis: User-Defined Loss Rate Model. Submission 

estimated 0.1 kg during this stage of the process 

released into baghouse filter operating at 98.2% 

efficiency (Loss fraction of 1.4% compared to CEB Dust 

emissions model of 0.5%). Calculation of release to air 

= 0.1 x (1-0.982) = 0.002 

Output 2: 9.8E-2 kg/site-day over 80 days/yr from 1 site 

or 7.9E+0 kg/yr 

to:

from: Disposal of baghouse filter 

basis: User-Defined Loss Rate Model. 

calculation of release to = 0.1 x 0.982 = 0.0982. 

Conservative: 1.4E-1 kg/site-day over 80 days/yr from 1 

site 

or 1.1E+1 kg/yr 

EPA SANITIZED Page 7 of 11
to: 

from: Equipment Cleaning Losses of Solids from Process 

Vessels 

basis: EPA/OPPT Multiple Process Vessel Residual Model, 

CEB standard 2% residual. 

equipment is wiped down wit h day 

fill. 

RELEASE TOTAL 

2.0E+1 kg/yr - all sites 

OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURES ESTIMATE SUMMARY 

Tot. # of workers exposed via assessed routes: 

Basis: 

Inhalation: 

Submitter indicated that respirators (1/2 face respirator 

with P100 filter) are used whenever there is a potential 

for lead exposure by inhalation. 

Exposure to Particulate (Class I) 

Output 2: 2.8E-1 mg/day over 80 days/yr 

Number of workers (all sites) with inhalation exposure: 

Basis: Various activities (weighing, mixing and transfer 

of powder and slurries); User-defined Inhalation Model. 

See previous section on the use of submitter monitoring 

data to estimate inhalation exposure at the submitter's 

site. 

NOTE: The respirator class is: I. Particulate (including 

solid or liquid droplets). 

INHALATION MONITORING DATA REVIEW 

1) Uncertainty (estimate based on model, regulatory limit 

 or data not specific to industry): Yes 

2)a) Exposure level > 1 mg/day? No 

 OR 

 b) Hazard Rating for health of 2 or greater? 3 Yes 

Inhalation Monitoring Data Desired? Yes (both criteria 

met) 

Dermal: 

Submitter indicated that Tyvek suits and booties are 

required whenever an employee enters the ceramic areas. 

Nitrile gloves are used when working with powders. 

Exposure to Solid at 100.00% concentration 

High End: 3.1E+3 mg/day over 80 days/yr 

Number of workers (all sites) with dermal exposure: 

Basis: Various activities (weighing, mixing and transfer 

of powder and slurries); EPA/OPPT Direct 2-Hand Dermal 

Contact with Solids Model. 

EPA SANITIZED Page 8 of 11
INITIAL REVIEW ENGINEERING REPORT 

PMN: 11-0273 

Incorporation into Article at Novacap site (Valencia, CA) 

Number of Sites/ Location: 1 

Novacap Valencia CA 

Days/yr: 25 

Basis: Submission specifies 50% of PV is non site-limited 

use and 25 days/yr. CEB estimates a daily throughput of 

22.4 kg/site-day. 

Process Description: Powder is received from Lockheed 

Martin in 5 gallon pails and stored on pallets until used. 

 Poder is weighed in 10 kg lots and transferred into jar 

mills. Casting binders, solvents and dispersants are 

added to the mill jar. Jars are placed on roller mills 

and milled for 24 hours. Slurry is placed in casting 

vessel and cast into tape which passes through a drying 

chamber. Dried tape is cut into 6" sections and stored 

for use in multi-layer devices. Cut tape is laminatedd. 

 Multi-layer parts are cut from the laminated tape. 

Parts are placed on trays and burned out in burnout ovens 

at 600 to 700 F. Burned out parts are loaded into a 

periodic kiln and fired to 1000 - 1300 C. Finished 

articles are stored on racks for use in finished products. 

ENVIRONMENTAL RELEASES ESTIMATE SUMMARY 

IRER Note: The daily releases listed for any source below 

may coincide with daily releases from the other sources 

to the same medium. 

Air 

Output 2: 1.1E-1 kg/site-day over 25 days/yr from 1 site 

to: Air 

from: Dust emissions from solid transfer activities 

basis: User-Defined Loss Rate Model. CEB dust model 

estimates 0.5% release from solids transfer activities. 

Submission indicated that local exhaust ventilation is 

used that vents directly to the outside air. 

Landfill 

Conservative: 4.5E-1 kg/site-day over 25 days/yr from 1 

site 

or 1.1E+1 kg/yr 

to: Landfill 

from: Equipment cleaning losses of solids from Process 

Vessels 

basis: EPA/OPPT Multiple Pro

CEB standard 2% residual. 

 CEB assumes landfill as most likely media of 

release. 

RELEASE TOTAL 

1.4E+1 kg/yr - all sites 

EPA SANITIZED Page 9 of 11
OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURES ESTIMATE SUMMARY 

Tot. # of workers exposed via assessed routes: 3 

Basis: Submission indicated 3 worker activities, 1 worker 

per activity. CEB estimates 3 workers potentially 

exposed. 

Inhalation: 

Submission indicated the use of N95 1/2 face respirator 

at this facility. 

Exposure to Particulate (Class I) 

Output 2: 7.7E-1 mg/day over 25 days/yr 

Number of workers (all sites) with inhalation exposure: 3 

Basis: Various activities including handling and 

transfers of powders; User-defined Inhalation Model. 

Estimate of inhalation exposure based on OSHA PEL for 

lead of 50 ug/m3 (8-hr TWA). Chemistry report estimated 

that lead oxide portion of the compound is 65%. 

Calculation: 50/0.65 x 1.25 m3/hr x 8 hr/day = 0.77 

mg/day 

NOTE: The respirator class is: I. Particulate (including 

solid or liquid droplets). 

INHALATION MONITORING DATA REVIEW 

1) Uncertainty (estimate based on model, regulatory limit 

 or data not specific to industry): Yes 

2)a) Exposure level > 1 mg/day? No 

 OR 

 b) Hazard Rating for health of 2 or greater? 3 Yes 

Inhalation Monitoring Data Desired? Yes (both criteria 

met) 

Dermal: 

Submission indicated use of lab coat and nitrile gloves 

Exposure to Solid at 100.00% concentration 

High End: 3.1E+3 mg/day over 25 days/yr 

Number of workers (all sites) with dermal exposure: 3 

Basis: Various activities including handling and 

transfers of powders; EPA/OPPT Direct 2-Hand Dermal 

Contact with Solids Model. 

EPA SANITIZED Page 10 of 11
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EPA SANITIZED Page 11 of 11