# Patent

## Title
Light source device and endoscope apparatus comprising the same

## Abstract

A light source device includes a first semiconductor light source, a second semiconductor light source, and a wavelength converter. The first semiconductor light source emits light in a first wavelength range. The second semiconductor light source emits light in a second wavelength range different from the first wavelength range. The wavelength converter absorbs the light in the first wavelength range to emit light in a third wavelength range different from either of the first wavelength range and the second wavelength range, and transmits the light in the second wavelength range substantially entirely.

## Background
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is a Continuation Application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/909,554, filed on Jun. 4, 2013, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/335,833, filed on Dec. 16, 2008, which is based upon and claims the benefit of priority from prior Japanese Patent Application No. 2007-335321, filed on Dec. 26, 2007, the entire contents of each of which are incorporated herein by reference.


BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a light source device.
2. Description of the Related Art
Currently, an endoscope apparatus performs, in addition to ordinary observation using white light, a narrow band imaging, that is, an observation scheme in which the visibility of a lesion part or the like is improved using light having a specific wavelength. The endoscope apparatus having such a function is, more specifically, configured to switch between white light for ordinary observation and light having a specific wavelength for narrow band imaging, which is referred as special light hereinafter, projecting selected light from the end portion of an endoscope.
Jpn. Pat. Appln. KOKAI Publication No. 2006-026128 discloses a light source device for such an endoscope apparatus. In this light source device, a unit including a light-deflecting element is slid so that the light-deflecting element is arranged on an optical path as required, which performs switching between the white light for ordinary observation and the special light, in other words, switching the projection light colors.
Since switching between the white light and special light is performed by sliding the unit, the light source device described above requires a mechanism for sliding the unit. This results in a bulky, complicated device.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention has been made in view of this situation, and as has its object to provide a compact light source device that can switch the projection light colors.
A light source device according to the present invention includes a first semiconductor light source, a second semiconductor light source, and a wavelength converter. The first semiconductor light source emits light in a first wavelength range. The second semiconductor light source emits light in a second wavelength range different from the first wavelength range. The wavelength converter absorbs the light in the first wavelength range to emit light in a third wavelength range different from either of the first wavelength range and the second wavelength range, and transmits the light in the second wavelength range substantially entirely.
According to the present invention, a compact light source device that can switch the projection light colors is provided.
Advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Advantages of the invention may be realized and obtained by means of the instrumentalities and combinations particularly pointed out hereinafter.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWING
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of the specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention, and together with the general description given above and the detailed description of the embodiments given below, serve to explain the principles of the invention.
FIG. 1 shows a light source device according to the first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 shows the spectrum characteristics of YAG:Ce;
FIG. 3 shows the spectrum characteristics of Ce-activated Ca3Sc2Si3O12;
FIG. 4 shows a light source device according to the second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 shows a multi-phosphor unit shown in FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 shows another type of multi-phosphor unit, which can replace the multi-phosphor unit shown in FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 shows the emission spectrum of Eu-activated La2O2S;
FIG. 8 shows the emission spectrum of Eu, Mn-activated BaMgAl10O17;
FIG. 9 shows the emission spectrum of Eu-activated BaMgAl10O17;
FIG. 10 shows a light source device according to the third embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 shows the spectrum characteristics of SrAlO:Eu;
FIG. 12 shows the spectrum of light projected from the phosphor unit of a light source device according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 13 schematically shows a general endoscope apparatus; and
FIG. 14 shows the arrangement of an endoscope end portion shown in FIG. 13.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawing.
First Embodiment
FIG. 1 shows a light source device according to the first embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, a light source device 10 has a first light source 20A, a second light source 20B, an optical fiber 30A to guide light projected from the first light source 20A, an optical fiber 30B to guide light projected from the second light source 20B, a photocoupler 40 connected to the optical fibers 30A and 30B, an optical fiber 50 to guide light output from the photocoupler 40, and a wavelength converter 60 to emit illumination light corresponding to the light guided by the optical fiber 50.
The first light source 20A has a first semiconductor laser 22A, a lens 24 to converge divergent light emitted from the first semiconductor laser 22A, and a connecting element 26 to optically connect the light converged by the lens 24 to the optical fiber 30A. Similarly, the second light source 20B has a second semiconductor laser 22B, a lens 24 to converge divergent light emitted from the second semiconductor laser 22B, and a connecting element 26 to optically connect the light converged by the lens 24 to the optical fiber 30B.
The light source device 10 further has a driving circuit 82A to switch light on and light off of the first semiconductor laser 22A, that is, turns on and off the first semiconductor laser 22A independently, and a driving circuit 82B to switch light on and light off of the second semiconductor laser 22B, that is, turns on and off the second semiconductor laser 22B independently.
The photocoupler 40 comprises a two-input, one-output optical fiber coupler 42, which has two incident ends and one exit end. One incident end of the optical fiber coupler 42 is optically connected to the first light source 20A through the optical fiber 30A. The other incident end of the optical fiber coupler 42 is optically connected to the second light source 20B through the optical fiber 30B. The exit end of the optical fiber coupler 42 is optically connected to the wavelength converter 60 through the optical fiber 50.
The photocoupler referred to here is what serves to optically connect light from incident ends to at least one exit end, and its connection structure is not limited at all. For example, the photocoupler may be one fabricated by removing the claddings of two or more optical fibers respectively partially, and then heating and pressing the optical fibers in contact with each other, thus connecting the cores of the optical fibers. Alternatively, the photocoupler may be one fabricated by bringing the ends of parallel optical fibers into contact with the end of another optical fiber that opposes them, and heating the resultant structure, thus connecting the optical fibers to the opposing optical fiber. In these two examples, the connecting portion may be called part of the photocoupler, or the connecting portion itself may be called the photocoupler. In either case, the incident optical fibers to guide incident light to the connecting portion can be called incident optical fibers connected to the incident end of the photocoupler, and the exit optical fiber to guide light emerging from the connecting portion to the exit end can be called an exit optical fiber connected to the exit end of the photocoupler.
The first semiconductor laser 22A emits blue laser light having a wavelength of 460 nm, and the second semiconductor laser 22B emits violet laser light having a wavelength of 415 nm. The wavelength converter 60 comprises a phosphor unit 62 including a phosphor of Ce (cerium)-activated YAG (yttrium-aluminum-garnet) (to be referred to as YAG:Ce hereinafter). FIG. 2 shows the spectrum characteristics of YAG:Ce. In FIG. 2, the broken line represents the absorption spectrum of YAG:Ce, and the solid line represents its emission spectrum. As shown in FIG. 2, the absorption spectrum of YAG:Ce has its peak near 460 nm. The absorption range of the absorption spectrum is defined as a wavelength range where the absorption strength of the absorption spectrum of a given phosphor is half or more the peak value. The absorption range of the absorption spectrum of YAG:Ce is approximately 430 nm to 480 nm. The phosphor unit 62 absorbs 460-nm wavelength blue light emitted from the first semiconductor laser 22A to emit light having a wavelength of approximately 530 nm, but almost entirely transmits the 415-nm wavelength violet light emitted from the second semiconductor laser 22B.
The operation of the light source device according to this embodiment will be described.
First, operation that takes place when the first semiconductor laser 22A is turned on will be described. When the first semiconductor laser 22A is turned on, it emits 460-nm wavelength blue laser light. A beam of the laser light emitted from the first semiconductor laser 22A is converged by the lens 24 and then enters the optical fiber 30A. The laser light entering the optical fiber 30A is guided through the optical fiber 30A, travels through the optical fiber coupler 42, is guided through the optical fiber 50, and enters the phosphor unit 62. As is understood from FIG. 2, the 460-nm wavelength blue laser light is light within the absorption range of YAG:Ce. Thus, part of the blue laser light entering the phosphor unit 62 is wavelength-converted by YAG:Ce in the phosphor unit 62 into broad-spectrum yellow light having a peak near a wavelength of 530 nm. The wavelength-converted yellow light is projected from the exit end of the phosphor unit 62. Part of the remaining blue laser light entering the phosphor unit 62 passes through the phosphor unit 62 without wavelength conversion and is projected from the exit end of the phosphor unit 62. Consequently, the yellow light wavelength-converted by the phosphor unit 62 and the blue light emitted from the semiconductor laser 22A are projected from the exit end of the phosphor unit 62. In this embodiment, the yellow light and blue light are adjusted to form white light when mixed. As a result, white light is projected from the exit end of the phosphor unit 62. More specifically, when the first semiconductor laser 22A is turned on, white light as observation light for ordinary observation is projected from the exit end of the phosphor unit 62.
Subsequently, operation that takes place when the second semiconductor laser 22B is turned on will be described. When the second semiconductor laser 22B is turned on, it emits 415-nm wavelength violet laser light. A beam of the laser light emitted from the second semiconductor laser 22B is converged by the lens 24 and then enters the optical fiber 30B. The laser light entering the optical fiber 30B is guided through the optical fiber 30B, travels through the optical fiber coupler 42, is guided through the optical fiber 50, and enters the phosphor unit 62. As is understood from FIG. 2, the 415-nm wavelength violet laser light is not included in the absorption range of YAG:Ce, and is accordingly hardly absorbed by YAG:Ce of the phosphor unit 62. Thus, the violet laser light entering the phosphor unit 62 passes through it almost entirely and is projected from its exit end. More specifically, when the second semiconductor laser 22B is turned on, 415-nm wavelength violet light as observation light for special observation is projected from the exit end of the phosphor unit 62.
In this manner, the light projected from the phosphor unit 62 when only the first semiconductor laser 22A is turned on and the light projected from the phosphor unit 62 when only the second semiconductor laser 22B is turned on have different colors.
In the light source device 10 of this embodiment, when one of the first and second semiconductor lasers 22A and 22B is selectively turned on, the white light as the observation light and the 415-nm wavelength violet light as the special light are switched without using any movable mechanism such as a slide guide unit, and the selected light is projected from the same exit end of the phosphor unit 62.
By combining the two semiconductor lasers 22A and 22B, photocoupler 40, and wavelength converter 60, a light source device that can perform switching between white light and violet light easily is fabricated. Since this light source device has a simple structure with no movable mechanism, it is suitable for downsizing.
In this embodiment, the 415-nm wavelength violet light is selected because it is largely absorbed by hemoglobin in the blood and thus facilitates observation of a blood vessel. However, the present invention is not limited to the light having this wavelength, but any light having a wavelength matching the observation object may be selected. More specifically, for YAG:Ce, light having a wavelength of 430 nm or less or light having a wavelength of 480 nm or more may be employed.
The phosphor is not limited to YAG:Ce but any other appropriate phosphor such as a phosphor of Ce-activated Ca3Sc2Si3O12 may be employed. FIG. 3 shows the spectrum characteristics of Ce-activated Ca3Sc2Si3O12. In FIG. 3, the broken line represents the absorption spectrum, and its solid line represents the emission spectrum. As shown in FIG. 3, the absorption range of Ce-activated Ca3Sc2Si3O12 is approximately 460 nm to 530 nm. Hence, when using this phosphor, the wavelength of the excitation light of the first semiconductor laser 22A may be set to, e.g., approximately 500 nm, so that the excitation light is wavelength-converted more efficiently to obtain bright illumination light.
Second Embodiment
A light source device according to the second embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 4 to 9. In the second embodiment, a description on portions that are common with their equivalents in the first embodiment will not be repeated, and portions that are different from their equivalents will mainly be made.
FIG. 4 shows a light source device according to the second embodiment. As shown in FIG. 4, when compared to the light source device 10 of the first embodiment, a light source device 10A according to the second embodiment has a third light source 20C in place of the first light source 20A, an optical fiber 30C in place of the optical fiber 30A, and a phosphor unit 62A in place of the phosphor unit 62. The third light source 20C has a third semiconductor laser 22C, a lens 24 to converge divergent light emitted from the third semiconductor laser 22C, and a connecting element 26 to optically connect the light converged by the lens 24 to the optical fiber 30C. The light source device 10A also has, in place of the driving circuit 82A, a driving circuit 82C to switch light on and light off of the third semiconductor laser 22C, that is, turns on and off the third semiconductor laser 22C independently. Except for this, the arrangement of the second embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment.
The third semiconductor laser 22C emits near-ultraviolet light having a wavelength of 375 nm. The phosphor unit 62A comprises a multiphosphor unit including different types of phosphors having different compositions. FIG. 5 shows the phosphor unit 62A shown in FIG. 4. As shown in FIG. 5, the phosphor unit 62A comprises the multiphosphor unit formed by stacking a region 66A including R phosphors 64A to emit red light, a region 66B including G phosphors 64B to emit green light, and a region 66C including B phosphors 64C to emit blue light sequentially from the incident end side to the exit light source. As the phosphors 64A, 64B, and 64C, those that respectively emit red light, green light, and blue light upon being excited by 375-nm light as near-ultraviolet light are selected. For example, such phosphors 64A, 64B, and 64C may be Eu-activated La2O2S (red), Eu, Mn-activated BaMgAl10O17 (green), and Eu-activated BaMgAl10O17 (blue), respectively. FIG. 7 shows the emission spectrum of Eu-activated La2O2S (red), FIG. 8 shows the emission spectrum of Eu, Mn-activated BaMgAl10O17 (green), and FIG. 9 shows the emission spectrum of Eu-activated BaMgAl10O17 (blue). As shown in FIGS. 7 to 9, the absorption ranges of these phosphors are 270 nm to 400 nm, 230 nm to 400 nm, and 270 nm to 410 nm, respectively. The absorption range of the multiphosphor unit including these phosphors can be regarded as the overlapping range of the absorption ranges of all the phosphors, which is 270 nm to 400 nm.
The operation of the light source device according to the second embodiment will be described.
When the third semiconductor laser 22C is turned on, it emits 375-nm wavelength near-ultraviolet laser light. A beam of near-ultraviolet laser light emitted from the third semiconductor laser 22C is converged by the lens 24 and enters the optical fiber 30C. The laser light entering the optical fiber 30C is guided through the optical fiber 30C, travels through an optical fiber coupler 42, is guided through an optical fiber 50, and enters the phosphor unit 62A. As shown in FIG. 5, in the phosphor unit 62A, the region 66A including the R phosphors 64A to emit red light, the region 66B including the G phosphors 64B to emit green light, and the region 66C including the B phosphors 64C to emit blue light are arranged sequentially from the incident end side connected to the optical fiber 50. The 375-nm wavelength light emitted from the third semiconductor laser 22C is light within the absorption range of the multiphosphor unit constituting the phosphor unit 62A. Thus, part of the near-ultraviolet light entering the region 66A is wavelength-converted by the R phosphors 64A into red light, and the red light enters the region 66B. Part of the remaining near-ultraviolet light entering the region 66A passes through the region 66A and enters the region 66B. Part of the near-ultraviolet light entering the region 66B is wavelength-converted by the G phosphors 64B into green light, and the green light enters the region 66C. As the G phosphors 64B do not absorb red light, the red light entering the region 66B passes through the region 66B. Therefore, red light, green light, and near-ultraviolet light enter the region 66C including the B phosphors 64C. The near-ultraviolet light entering the region 66C is wavelength-converted by the B phosphors 64C into blue light almost entirely. As the B phosphors 64C do not absorb red light and green light, the red light and green light entering the region 66C pass through the region 66C. As a result, white light as a mixture of the red light, green light, and blue light is projected from the exit end of the phosphor unit 62A.
When the second semiconductor laser 22B is turned on, it emits 415-nm wavelength violet laser light. A beam of light emitted from the second semiconductor laser 22B is converged by a lens 24, enters an optical fiber 30B, is guided through the optical fiber 30B, travels through the optical fiber coupler 42, is guided through the optical fiber 50, and enters the phosphor unit 62A, as described in the first embodiment. The 415-nm wavelength violet light is not light within the absorption range of the multi-phosphor unit. Thus, the violet light entering the phosphor unit 62A is hardly absorbed by the R phosphors 64A, G phosphors 64B, or B phosphors 64C, but passes through the phosphor unit 62A and is projected from the exit end of the phosphor unit 62A.
As a result, the light source device 10A projects white light when the third semiconductor laser 22C is selectively turned on, and 415-nm wavelength violet light when the second semiconductor laser 22B is turned on. As the white light projected from the light source device 10A has components of red light, green light, and blue light, it forms illumination light having higher color rendering properties when compared to the first embodiment. More specifically, according to the second embodiment, a light source device having the same advantages as and better color rendering properties than those of the first embodiment is fabricated.
In the second embodiment, as shown in FIG. 5, the phosphor unit 62A comprises a multiphosphor unit formed by stacking the region 66A including the R phosphors 64A, the region 66B including the G phosphors 64B, and the region 66C including the B phosphors 64C. Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 6, the phosphor unit 62A may comprise another type of multiphosphor unit in which all of the phosphors 64A, 64B, and 64C are mixed. This simplifies the phosphor unit 62A.
Third Embodiment
A light source device according to the third embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. 10. In the third embodiment, a description on portions that are common with their equivalents in the first embodiment will not be repeated, and portions that are different from their equivalents will mainly be described.
FIG. 10 shows the light source device according to the third embodiment. As shown in FIG. 10, a light source device 10B according to this embodiment comprises a two-input, two-output optical fiber coupler 42A, which has two incident ends and two exit ends. Two optical fibers 50 and two phosphor units 62 are connected to the two exit ends of the optical fiber coupler 42A. The third embodiment is different from the first embodiment in these respects.
The optical fiber coupler 42A has the two incident ends and two exit ends. The optical fiber coupler 42A distributes light entering one incident end to the two exit ends with substantially equal light intensity proportions, and light entering the other incident end to the two exit ends with substantially equal light intensity proportions. A wavelength converter 60 has the two phosphor units 62. The two phosphor units 62 are optically connected to the two exit ends of the optical fiber coupler 42A, respectively through the two optical fibers 50. The two phosphor units 62 have substantially equal wavelength conversion characteristics.
The 460-nm wavelength blue light emitted from the first semiconductor laser 22A is guided through the optical fiber 30A and enters the optical fiber coupler 42A. The blue light entering the optical fiber coupler 42A is distributed by the optical fiber coupler 42A to the two optical fibers 50 with substantially equal intensities. The blue light distributed to the two optical fibers 50 are respectively guided through the two optical fibers 50 and enter the two phosphor units 62. The blue light entering each phosphor unit 62 forms white light in which blue light and wavelength-converted yellow light are mixed, and the white light is projected from the corresponding phosphor unit 62, as described in the first embodiment.
The 415-nm wavelength violet light emitted from the second semiconductor laser 22B is guided through the optical fiber 30B and enters the optical fiber coupler 42A. The violet light entering the optical fiber coupler 42A is distributed by the optical fiber coupler 42A to the two optical fibers 50 with almost equal intensities. The violet light distributed to the two optical fibers 50 are respectively guided through the two optical fibers 50 and enter the two phosphor units 62. The violet light entering each phosphor unit 62 is directly projected from it, as described in the first embodiment.
According to this embodiment, a light source device that has the advantages of the first embodiment and can illuminate the observation target from two directions is fabricated. For example, as in an endoscope apparatus, when the observation target is very close to the light source, illumination from only one direction may form a shadow, making the observation target difficult to observe. When the exit ends of two phosphor units are arranged to illuminate the observation target from two directions, the observation target will not form a shadow easily. As a result, a light source device that is more suitable for observation is fabricated without making the apparatus bulky.
According to this embodiment, each phosphor unit of the wavelength converter 60 comprises the phosphor unit 62 described in the first embodiment. Alternatively, each phosphor unit may comprise the multiphosphor unit 62A described in the second embodiment. Also, the photocoupler 40 may be changed to an optical fiber coupler having three or more output ends, and the three or more output ends of the optical fiber coupler may be respectively connected to phosphor units and optical fibers corresponding in number to the output ends of the optical photocoupler.
Fourth Embodiment
A light source device according to the fourth embodiment will be described. The light source device according to this embodiment basically has an arrangement identical to that of the first embodiment, but is different from the first embodiment in that a wavelength converter 60 comprises a phosphor unit including two types of phosphors having different excitation wavelength characteristics.
A phosphor unit 62 according to this embodiment comprises a phosphor unit including the first phosphor that wavelength-converts blue laser light emitted from a first semiconductor laser 22A but hardly wavelength-converts violet laser light emitted from a second semiconductor laser 22B, and the second phosphor that does not wavelength-convert the blue laser light emitted from the first semiconductor laser 22A but wavelength-converts the violet laser light emitted from the second semiconductor laser 22B.
In this embodiment, for example, the first phosphor comprises YAG:Ce, and the second phosphor comprises Eu-activated SrAl2O4 (to be described as SrAlO:Eu hereinafter). FIG. 2 shows the spectrum characteristics of YAG:Ce, and FIG. 11 shows the spectrum characteristics of SrAlO:Eu. The absorption range of YAG:Ce as the first phosphor is 430 nm to 480 nm, and the absorption range of SrAlO as the second phosphor is 270 nm to 430 nm.
The operation of the fourth embodiment will be described.
Operation that takes place when the first semiconductor laser 22A is turned on will be described first. As described in the first embodiment, the first semiconductor laser 22A emits 460-nm wavelength blue laser light. The laser light emitted from the first semiconductor laser 22A is guided through an optical fiber 30A, travels through an optical fiber coupler 42, is guided through an optical fiber 50, and enters the phosphor unit 62. The phosphor unit 62 includes YAG:Ce having the characteristics shown in FIG. 2 and SrAlO:Eu having the characteristics shown in FIG. 11. The 460-nm wavelength blue light is light within the absorption range of YAG:Ce and outside the absorption range of SrAlO:Eu. Hence, the blue light entering the phosphor unit 62 is efficiently wavelength-converted by YAG:Ce into yellow light having a wavelength of approximately 530 nm, but is hardly wavelength-converted by SrAlO:Eu. Consequently, white light as a mixture of the blue light and the yellow light, which is wavelength-converted by YAG:Ce, is projected from the exit end of the phosphor unit 62.
Operation that takes place when the second semiconductor laser 22B is turned on will be described. As described in the first embodiment, the second semiconductor laser 22B emits 415-nm wavelength violet laser light. The laser light emitted from the second semiconductor laser 22B is guided through an optical fiber 30B, travels through the optical fiber coupler 42, is guided through the optical fiber 50, and enters the phosphor unit 62. The 415-nm wavelength violet light is light within the absorption range of SrAlO:Eu and outside the absorption range of YAG:Ce. Hence, the violet light entering the phosphor unit 62 is hardly wavelength-converted by YAG:Ce, but is efficiently wavelength-converted by SrAlO:Eu into green light having a wavelength of approximately 540 nm. Consequently, as shown in FIG. 12, light as a mixture of 415-nm wavelength violet light and 540-nm wavelength green light is projected from the exit end of the phosphor unit 62. The wavelengths of the mixed light generally coincide with the absorption wavelengths of hemoglobin, so that the mixed light is suitable for observation of the blood vessel with a high contrast.
According to this embodiment, a light source device that has the advantages of the first embodiment and is suitable for observation of a blood vessel or the like with a high contrast is fabricated. In this light source device, merely the number of types of phosphors included in the phosphor unit 62 increases and no other major change is needed. Hence, the apparatus does not become bulky.
<Note>
Although the light source comprises a semiconductor laser in all the embodiments described above, the light source is not limited to this, but can comprise another semiconductor light source such as a light-emitting diode. When a light-emitting diode is used, a less expensive light source device is fabricated than a case in which a semiconductor laser is used.
The light source device according to any embodiment described above is particularly suitably mounted in an endoscope apparatus.
FIG. 13 schematically shows a general endoscope apparatus. As shown in FIG. 13, an endoscope apparatus 100 has a control unit 110, an inserting portion 120 extending from the control unit 110, and an endoscope end portion 130 located at the end of the inserting portion 120. In observation using such an endoscope apparatus 100, the observation target is close to the endoscope end portion 130. If the exit position of ordinary observation light is shifted from that of special light, inconveniences such as color separation occur. In contrast to this, with the light source device according to any one of the embodiments described above, the exit position of ordinary observation light coincides with that of special light, so color separation does not occur. Thus, this light source device is particularly suitably mounted in an endoscope apparatus.
FIG. 14 shows the arrangement of a general endoscope end portion 130. As shown in FIG. 14, the endoscope end portion 130 has three end metal members 132A, 132B, and 132C, and a cover 144 that covers them. The two end metal members 132A and 132C are connected to each other through a heat-insulating material 134A, and the two end metal members 132B and 132C are connected to each other through a heat-insulating material 134B. The end metal member 132C is provided with a solid-state image sensor 136, an air/water supply nozzle 138, and a suction channel 140. The end metal members 132A and 132B are respectively provided with illumination light guide units 142.
In this manner, the endoscope apparatus generally has the two light guide units 142. When mounting the light source device of any embodiment described above in the endoscope apparatus, two light source devices each having one light-emitting portion may be built into the endoscope apparatus, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 4, or only one light source device having two light-emitting portions may be built into the endoscope apparatus, as shown in FIG. 10.
When mounting the light source device of any embodiment described above in the endoscope apparatus, the wavelength converter 60 may be arranged near the endoscope end portion 130, or light projected from the wavelength converter 60 may be guided to the endoscope end portion 130 through another optical fiber. The former arrangement is preferable for obtaining high-luminance illumination light. The latter arrangement is preferable for suppressing heat generation near the endoscope end portion because a phosphor unit that emits heat is arranged away from the endoscope end portion.
Additional advantages and modifications will readily occur to those skilled in the art. Therefore, the invention in its broader aspects is not limited to the specific details and representative embodiments shown and described herein. Accordingly, various modifications may be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the general inventive concept as defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

## Claims

1. An endoscope apparatus comprising:
a first light source configured to emit a first light having a first wavelength range;
a second light source configured to emit a second light having a second wavelength range;
an optical fiber arranged in an inserting portion, wherein the optical fiber is configured to guide the first light emitted by the first light source and the second light emitted by the second light source; and
a first phosphor arranged on an inserting end of the inserting portion,
wherein the first phosphor is configured to receive the first light guided by the optical fiber and the second light guided by the optical fiber,
wherein, based on wavelength conversion and transmission characteristics of the first phosphor, the first phosphor is configured to:
wavelength convert at least a part of the first light having the first wavelength range into a third light in a third wavelength range, the third wavelength range including a longer wavelength than wavelengths in the first wavelength range;
transmit at least another part of the first light having the first wavelength range; and
emit the third light in the third wavelength range and the transmitted at least another part of the first light together as a mixed light; and

wherein, based on the wavelength conversion and transmission characteristics of the first phosphor, the first phosphor is further configured to transmit at least a part of the second light having the second wavelength range.

2. The endoscope apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a second phosphor having substantially the same wavelength conversion and transmission characteristics as the first phosphor, wherein the first phosphor and the second phosphor are arranged on the inserting end of the inserting portion.

3. The endoscope apparatus according to claim 2, further comprising a photocoupler configured to optically couple the first light having the first wavelength range emitted by the first light source and the second light having the second wavelength range emitted by the second light source to cause the optically coupled first light and second light to enter the optical fiber.

4. The endoscope apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the photocoupler comprises:
a first incident end optically connected to the first light source;
a second incident end optically connected to the second light source;
a first exit end optically connected to the first phosphor; and
a second exit end optically connected to the second phosphor,
wherein the photocoupler is configured to distribute the first light having the first wavelength range entering the first incident end of the photocoupler to the first exit end and the second exit end of the photocoupler with substantially equal light intensity proportions, and
wherein the photocoupler is configured to distribute the second light having the second wavelength range entering the second incident end of the photocoupler to the first exit end and the second exit end of the photocoupler with substantially equal light intensity proportions.

5. The endoscope apparatus according to claim 3, comprising:
two of the first light source;
two of the second light source;
two of the photocoupler; and
two of the optical fiber,
wherein one of the first light sources, one of the second light sources, one of the photocouplers, and one of the optical fibers are optically connected to the first phosphor, and
wherein the other of the first light sources, the other of the second light sources, the other of the photocouplers, and the other of the optical fibers are optically connected to the second phosphor.

6. The endoscope apparatus according to claim 2, further comprising an image sensor arranged on the inserting end of the inserting portion between the first phosphor and the second phosphor.

7. The endoscope apparatus according to claim 6, further comprising heat-insulating material arranged between the first phosphor and the image sensor and between the second phosphor and the image sensor, wherein the heat-insulating material is configured to insulate the image sensor from heat generated by the first phosphor and the second phosphor.

8. The endoscope apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
a first light source driving circuit configured to drive the first light source to switch between emitting the first light and not emitting the first light; and
a second light source driving circuit configured to drive the second light source to switch between emitting the second light and not emitting the second light.

9. The endoscope apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the first wavelength range is a blue color wavelength range that is approximately 430 nm to 480 nm,
wherein the second wavelength range is a violet color wavelength range that is approximately 430 nm or less, and
wherein the third wavelength range is broader than the first wavelength range, the third wavelength range is broader than the second wavelength range, and the third wavelength range includes light in a yellow color wavelength range including a wavelength of 530 nm.

10. The endoscope apparatus according to claim 9,
wherein the first phosphor is a cerium-activated phosphor, and
wherein the first wavelength range is within an absorption range of an absorption spectrum of the cerium-activated phosphor.

11. The endoscope apparatus according to claim 9,
wherein the first phosphor is a garnet-based phosphor, and
wherein the first wavelength range is within an absorption range of an absorption spectrum of the garnet-based phosphor.

12. The endoscope apparatus according to claim 11,
wherein the garnet-based phosphor is a phosphor of cerium-activated yttrium-aluminum-garnet, and
wherein the second wavelength range is at least one of approximately 430 nm or less and approximately 480 nm or more.

13. The endoscope apparatus according to claim 12,
wherein the wavelength conversion and transmission characteristics of the first phosphor are selected such that the phosphor emits:
a first illumination light comprising the mixed light, wherein the illumination light is a white light; and
a second illumination light comprising the transmitted at least a part of the second light, and

wherein the endoscope apparatus further comprises a driving circuit configured to drive the first light source and the second light source independently such that the first phosphor emits the first illumination light for performing ordinary observation and the second illumination light for performing special light observation independently.

14. The endoscope apparatus according to claim 13, wherein the second wavelength range of the second light emitted by the second light source and the wavelength conversion and transmission characteristics of the first phosphor are selected such that the second illumination light has a wavelength range within an absorption range of hemoglobin.

15. The endoscope apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a wavelength corresponding to a peak intensity of the second light is shorter than a wavelength corresponding to a peak intensity of the first light.

16. The endoscope apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the first light source comprises a first semiconductor laser, and
wherein the second light source comprises a second semiconductor laser.

17. The endoscope apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the wavelength conversion and transmission characteristics of the first phosphor are selected such that:
an absorption range of the first phosphor is defined as a wavelength range in the absorption spectrum of the first phosphor where absorption strength of the first phosphor is half or more than half of a peak absorption strength of the first phosphor,
a wavelength corresponding to a peak intensity of the first light is in the absorption range of the first phosphor, and
a wavelength corresponding to a peak intensity of the second light is not in the absorption range of the first phosphor.

18. The endoscope apparatus according to claim 1, wherein, based on the wavelength conversion and transmission characteristics of the first phosphor, the first phosphor is configured to transmit more than half of the second light having the second wavelength range without wavelength converting the more than half of the second light.

19. An endoscope apparatus comprising:
a first light source configured to emit a first light having a first wavelength range;
a second light source configured to emit a second light having a second wavelength range different from the first wavelength range;
a photocoupler having:
a first incident end optically connected to the first light source;
a second incident end optically connected to the second light source;
a first exit end; and
a second exit end;

a first wavelength converter optically connected to the first exit end of the photocoupler; and
a second wavelength converter optically connected to the second exit end of the photocoupler,
wherein, based on wavelength conversion and transmission characteristics of the first wavelength converter and wavelength conversion and transmission characteristics of the second wavelength converter, the first wavelength converter and the second wavelength converter are each configured to wavelength convert at least a part of the first light into a third light in a third wavelength range, the third wavelength range including a wavelength that is longer than wavelengths in the first wavelength range.

20. The endoscope apparatus according to claim 19,
wherein the first wavelength converter comprises a first phosphor, and
wherein the second wavelength converter comprises a second phosphor.

21. The endoscope apparatus according to claim 20,
wherein the first incident end, the first exit end, and the second exit end of the photocoupler are optically configured such that the first phosphor and the second phosphor each emit a first illumination light based on the first light emitted from the first light source,
wherein the second incident end, the first exit end, and the second exit end of the photocoupler are optically configured such that the first phosphor and the second phosphor each emit a second illumination light based on the second light emitted from the second light source,
wherein the photocoupler is configured to distribute the first light incident on the first incident end to the first exit end and the second exit end such that a ratio of intensity of light having the first wavelength range and light having the third wavelength range in the first illumination light emitted from the first phosphor is substantially equal to a ratio of intensity of light having the first wavelength range and light having the third wavelength range in the first illumination light projected from the second phosphor, and
wherein the photocoupler is configured to distribute the second light incident on the second incident end to the first exit end and the second exit end such that a ratio of intensity of light having the second wavelength range and light having the third wavelength range in the second illumination light emitted from the first phosphor is substantially equal to a ratio of intensity of light having the second wavelength range and light having the third wavelength range in the second illumination light projected from the second phosphor unit.

22. The endoscope apparatus according to claim 20,
wherein the first incident end, the first exit end, and the second exit end of the photocoupler are optically configured such that the first phosphor and the second phosphor each emit a first illumination light based on the first light emitted from the first light source,
wherein the second incident end, the first exit end, and the second exit end of the photocoupler are optically configured such that the first phosphor and the second phosphor each emit a second illumination light based on the second light emitted from the second light source,
wherein the photocoupler is configured to distribute the first light incident on the first incident end to the first exit end and the second exit end such that a ratio of intensity of light having the first wavelength range and light having the third wavelength range in the first illumination light emitted from the first phosphor is different from a ratio of intensity of light having the first wavelength range and light having the third wavelength range in the first illumination light projected from the second phosphor unit, and
wherein the photocoupler is configured to distribute the second light incident on the second incident end to the first exit end and the second exit end such that a ratio of intensity of light having the second wavelength range and light having the third wavelength range in the second illumination light emitted from the first phosphor is different from a ratio of intensity of light having the second wavelength range and light having the third wavelength range in the second illumination light projected from the second phosphor.

23. The endoscope apparatus according to claim 20, wherein the wavelength conversion and transmission characteristics of the first wavelength converter and the wavelength conversion and transmission characteristics of the second wavelength converter are set such that an absorptivity of the first light having the first wavelength range is different from an absorptivity of the second light having the second wavelength range.

24. The endoscope apparatus according to claim 20, further comprising:
a first exit optical fiber configured to optically connect the first exit end of the photocoupler and the first phosphor; and
a second exit end optical fiber configured to optically connect the second exit end of the photocoupler and the second phosphor.

25. The endoscope apparatus according to claim 24,
wherein the photocoupler is configured to distribute the first light having the first wavelength range entering the first incident end of the photocoupler to the first exit end and the second exit end of the photocoupler with substantially equal light intensity proportions, and
wherein the photocoupler is configured to distribute the second light having the second wavelength range entering the second incident end of the photocoupler to the first exit end and the second exit end of the photocoupler with substantially equal light intensity proportions.

26. The endoscope apparatus according to claim 20,
wherein the first incident end, the first exit end, and the second exit end of the photocoupler are optically configured such that the first phosphor and the second phosphor each emit a first illumination light based on the first light emitted from the first light source,
wherein the second incident end, the first exit end, and the second exit end of the photocoupler are optically configured such that the first phosphor and the second phosphor each emit a second illumination light based on the second light emitted from the second light source,
wherein a projected position of the first illumination light emitted from the first phosphor and a projected position of the second illumination light projected from the first phosphor are substantially equal to each other, and
wherein a projected position of the first illumination light emitted from the second phosphor and a projected position of the second illumination light projected from the second phosphor are substantially equal to each other.

27. The endoscope apparatus according to claim 20,
wherein the first incident end, the first exit end, and the second exit end of the photocoupler are optically configured such that the first phosphor and the second phosphor each emit a first illumination light based on the first light emitted from the first light source, and
wherein the second incident end, the first exit end, and the second exit end of the photocoupler are optically configured such that the first phosphor and the second phosphor each emit a second illumination light based on the second light emitted from the second light source.

28. The endoscope apparatus according to claim 20, further comprising:
an inserting portion,
wherein the first phosphor and the second phosphor are arranged to an inserting end portion of the inserting portion.

29. The endoscope apparatus according to claim 28, wherein the inserting end portion of the inserting portion comprises a metallic member.

30. The endoscope apparatus according to claim 28, further comprising an image sensor arranged to the inserting end portion of the inserting portion between the first phosphor and the second phosphor.

31. The endoscope apparatus according to claim 30, further comprising heat insulating material arranged between the first phosphor and the image sensor and between the second phosphor and the image sensor, wherein the heat insulating material is configured to insulate the image sensor from heat generated by the first phosphor and the second phosphor.

32. The endoscope apparatus according to claim 20,
wherein first wavelength range is a blue color wavelength range that is approximately 430 nm to 480 nm,
wherein the second wavelength range is a violet color wavelength range that is approximately 430 nm or less,
wherein the third wavelength range includes light in a yellow color wavelength range including a wavelength of 530 nm;
wherein, based on the first light having the first wavelength range emitted by the first light source, the first phosphor and the second phosphor are each configured to:
wavelength convert at least a part of the first light into the third light; and
transmit at least another part of the first light without wavelength converting the at least another part of the first light,
wherein the first phosphor and the second phosphor each emit the third light and the transmitted at least another part of the first light together as the first illumination light, and
wherein the first illumination light a white light, and

wherein, based on the second light of the second wavelength emitted by the second light source, the first phosphor and the second phosphor are each configured to transmit a substantial part of the second light as part of the second illumination light.

33. The endoscope apparatus according to claim 20,
wherein the first phosphor is mounted on a first phosphor unit,
wherein the second phosphor is mounted on a second phosphor unit, and
wherein first phosphor and the second phosphor have substantially the same wavelength conversion and transmission characteristics.

34. The endoscope apparatus according to claim 20,
wherein the wavelength conversion and transmission characteristics of the first wavelength converter and the wavelength conversion and transmission characteristics of the second wavelength converter are set such that an absorption range of the first phosphor and the second phosphor is defined as a wavelength range in the absorption spectra of the first phosphor and the second phosphor where absorption strength is half or more than half of a peak absorption strength,
wherein a wavelength corresponding to a peak intensity of the first light is included in the absorption range, and
wherein a wavelength corresponding to a peak intensity of the second light is not included in the absorption range.

35. The endoscope apparatus according to claim 34,
wherein the first wavelength range is a blue color wavelength range that is approximately 430 nm to 480 nm,
wherein the second wavelength range is a violet color wavelength range that is approximately 430 nm or less, and
wherein the third wavelength range is broader than the first wavelength range, the third wavelength range is broader than the second wavelength range, and the third wavelength range includes light in a yellow wavelength range including a wavelength of 530 nm.

36. The endoscope apparatus according to claim 35,
wherein the first phosphor comprises a cerium-activated phosphor,
wherein the second phosphor comprises a cerium-activated phosphor, and
wherein the first wavelength range is within the absorption range of the absorption spectra of the cerium-activated phosphor of the first phosphor and the cerium-activated phosphor of the second phosphor.

37. The endoscope apparatus according to claim 35,
wherein the first phosphor comprises a garnet-based phosphor,
wherein the second phosphor comprises a garnet-based phosphor, and
wherein the first wavelength range is within the absorption range of the absorption spectra of the garnet-based phosphor of the first phosphor and the garnet-based phosphor of the second phosphor.

38. The endoscope apparatus according to claim 19, further comprising:
a first light source driving circuit configured to drive the first light source to switch between emitting the first light and not emitting the first light; and
a second light source driving circuit configured to drive the second light source to switch between emitting the second light and not emitting the second light.

39. The endoscope apparatus according to claim 38, wherein the wavelength conversion and transmission characteristics of the first wavelength converter and the wavelength conversion and transmission characteristics of the second wavelength converter are set such that the first illumination light is illumination light for performing ordinary observation, and the second illumination light is illumination light for performing special light observation of a lesion part with improved visibility.

40. The endoscope apparatus according to claim 19, wherein a wavelength corresponding to a peak intensity of the second light is shorter than a wavelength corresponding to a peak intensity of the first light.

41. The endoscope apparatus according to claim 19, wherein the first wavelength converter and the second wavelength converter have substantially the same wavelength conversion characteristics.