# Patent

## Title
Devices and stacked microelectronic packages with package surface conductors and adjacent trenches and methods of their fabrication

## Abstract

Embodiments of methods for forming microelectronic device packages include forming a trench on a surface of a package body in an area adjacent to where first and second package surface conductors will be (or have been) formed on both sides of the trench. The method also includes forming the first and second package surface conductors to electrically couple exposed ends of various combinations of device-to-edge conductors. The trench may be formed using laser cutting, drilling, sawing, etching, or another suitable technique. The package surface conductors may be formed by dispensing (e.g., coating, spraying, inkjet printing, aerosol jet printing, stencil printing, or needle dispensing) one or more conductive materials on the package body surface between the exposed ends of the device-to-edge conductors.

## Background
TECHNICAL FIELD
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate generally to microelectronic packaging and, more particularly, to devices and stacked microelectronic packages having surface conductors and methods for the fabrication thereof.
BACKGROUND
It is often useful to combine multiple microelectronic devices, such as semiconductor die carrying integrated circuits (ICs), micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS), optical devices, passive electronic components, and the like, into a single package that is both compact and structurally robust. Packaging of microelectronic devices has traditionally been carried-out utilizing a so-called two dimensional (2D) or non-stacked approach in which two or more microelectronic devices are positioned and interconnected in a side-by-side or laterally adjacent spatial relationship. More particularly, in the case of ICs formed on semiconductor die, packaging has commonly entailed the mounting of multiple die to a package substrate and the formation of desired electrical connections through wire bonding or flip-chip connections. The 2D microelectronic package may then later be incorporated into a larger electronic system by mounting the package substrate to a printed circuit board (PCB) or other component included within the electronic system.
As an alternative to 2D packaging technologies of the type described above, three dimensional (3D) packaging technologies have recently been developed in which microelectronic devices are disposed in a stacked arrangement and vertically interconnected to produce a stacked, 3D microelectronic package. Such 3D packaging techniques yield highly compact microelectronic packages well-suited for usage within mobile phones, digital cameras, digital music players, biomedical devices, and other compact electronic devices. Additionally, such 3D packaging techniques may enhance device performance by reducing interconnection length, and thus signal delay, between the packaged microelectronic devices.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Embodiments of the present disclosure will hereinafter be described in conjunction with the following figures, wherein like numerals denote like elements, and:
FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a method for fabricating a stacked microelectronic package assembly, according to an embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a top-down view illustrating a partially-completed microelectronic device panel, according to an embodiment;
FIG. 3 illustrates a top-down view illustrating the partially-completed microelectronic device panel of FIG. 2 at a later stage of production, according to an embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a portion of the microelectronic device panel of FIG. 3, according to an embodiment;
FIG. 5 illustrates a cross-sectional view of the portion of the microelectronic device panel of FIG. 4 after singulation of the panel into a plurality of first microelectronic packages, according to an embodiment;
FIG. 6 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a second microelectronic package, according to an embodiment;
FIGS. 7-8 are exploded cross-sectional and cross-sectional views, respectively, depicting a manner which a first microelectronic package may be positioned in stacked relationship with second and third microelectronic packages to produce a partially-completed stacked microelectronic package assembly, according to an embodiment;
FIG. 9 illustrates a side view of the partially-completed, stacked microelectronic package assembly of FIG. 8 with trenches in areas that are adjacent to where package surface conductors will be formed, according to an embodiment;
FIG. 10 illustrates a side view of the partially-completed, stacked microelectronic package assembly of FIG. 9 after formation of package surface conductors, according to an embodiment;
FIG. 11 illustrates a cross-sectional, top view of the partially-completed, stacked microelectronic package assembly of FIG. 10 along line 11-11, according to an embodiment;
FIG. 12 illustrates a cross-sectional, top view of the partially-completed, stacked microelectronic package assembly of FIG. 10 along line 11-11, according to an alternate embodiment;
FIG. 13 illustrates a cross-sectional, top view of the partially-completed, stacked microelectronic package assembly of FIG. 10 along line 11-11, according to another alternate embodiment;
FIG. 14 illustrates a cross-sectional, side view of a completed stacked microelectronic package assembly, according to another embodiment; and
FIG. 15 illustrates a cross-sectional, side view of a completed stacked microelectronic package assembly, according to yet another embodiment.



For simplicity and clarity of illustration, the drawing figures illustrate the general manner of construction and may omit depiction, descriptions, and details of well-known features and techniques to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the non-limiting embodiments of the disclosure described in the subsequent Detailed Description. It should further be understood that features or elements appearing in the accompanying figures are not necessarily drawn to scale unless otherwise stated. For example, the dimensions of certain elements or regions in the figures may be exaggerated relative to other elements or regions to improve understanding of embodiments of the disclosure.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The following Detailed Description is merely illustrative in nature and is not intended to limit the disclosure or the application and uses of the disclosure. Any implementation described herein as is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other implementations. Furthermore, there is no intention to be bound by any theory presented in the preceding Background or the following Detailed Description.
As used herein, the term “microelectronic device” is utilized in a broad sense to refer to an electronic device, element, or component produced on a relatively small scale and amenable to packaging in the below-described manner. Microelectronic devices include, but are not limited to, integrated circuits (ICs) formed on semiconductor die, micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS), passive electronic components, optical devices, and other small scale electronic devices capable of providing processing, memory, sensing, radio frequency communication, radar, optical functionalities, and actuator functionalities, to list but a few examples. The term “microelectronic package” denotes a structure containing at least one and typically two or more microelectronic devices, which may or may not be electrically interconnected. A microelectronic package may include, for example, one or more microelectronic devices, packaging material (e.g., encapsulant) substantially surrounding the microelectronic devices, one or more patterned conductive layers and other conductive structures (e.g., vias and the like) that provide electrical connectivity with the microelectronic device(s), and one or more contacts for electrically coupling the microelectronic devices of the microelectronic package with external electrical systems. For example, a microelectronic package may be a “fan out wafer level” type of package, also referred to as a “redistributed chip package” (RCP). The term “stacked microelectronic package assembly” refers to an assembly containing at least two microelectronic packages stacked together and physically coupled. According to an embodiment, a bottom package in a stacked microelectronic package may include contact pads on its bottom surface (e.g., ball grid array pads), which enable the stacked microelectronic package to be electrically and physically connected to a printed circuit board (PCB) or other substrate. In addition, in still other embodiments, a top package in a stacked microelectronic package may include contact pads on its top surface, and one or more other devices may be surface mounted to the top surface of the top package.
As will be described in more detail below, an embodiment of a microelectronic package includes at least one “device-to-edge conductor,” which is a conductive structure that extends between one or more embedded microelectronic devices or other electrical components and a surface of the microelectronic package (e.g., a sidewall, a top surface, a bottom surface, or a surface that ultimately is embedded within the microelectronic package). In some embodiments, electrical interconnections (referred to herein as “package sidewall conductors” or “package surface conductors”) may be formed on a package surface between exposed ends of device-to-edge conductors of a single microelectronic package. According to a further embodiment, trenches or other openings may be formed in areas adjacent to the package surface conductors to reduce the likelihood for unintended shorting between package surface conductors. Although most of the illustrated embodiments depict electrical interconnections formed on package sidewalls (e.g., package sidewall conductors), it should be understood that the description and the various embodiments may apply equally to conductors that are formed on other package surfaces, as well. Therefore, each of the below described embodiments extend to embodiments implemented on package sidewalls and other package surfaces. In other embodiments, multiple microelectronic packages with device-to-edge conductors may be stacked together to form a stacked microelectronic package assembly, and package surface conductors may be formed between exposed ends of device-to-edge conductors of different microelectronic packages of the stacked microelectronic package assembly. The “exposed end” of a device-to-edge conductor may be referred to herein as a “pad.”
A device that includes a single microelectronic package or multiple microelectronic packages in a stacked arrangement may be considered to include a “package body,” and one or more device-to-edge conductors may extend to the sidewalls and/or other surfaces of the package body. As used herein, the term “package body” may mean the structural package components of a single microelectronic package or the structural package components of multiple microelectronic packages in a stacked arrangement, where the “structural package components” are those portions of the device that define the shape of the device and hold the electrical components in a fixed orientation with each other.
The following describes embodiments of package surface conductors formed on one or more surfaces of a microelectronic package, microelectronic devices that include such package surface conductors, stacked microelectronic package assemblies, and methods of their formation. As will be apparent from the below description, the package surface conductors can be utilized to provide a convenient manner in which microelectronic devices contained within one or more microelectronic packages can be electrically coupled.
FIG. 1 is a flowchart of an embodiment of a method for fabricating a stacked microelectronic package assembly, according to an embodiment. The completed microelectronic package assembly produced pursuant to the below-described method may also be referred to as a Package-on-Package (PoP) device or a System-in-Package (SiP) device, depending upon the particular manner in which the completed microelectronic package assembly is implemented. Although a result of the performance of the method of FIG. 1 is a microelectronic package assembly that includes multiple, stacked microelectronic packages, it should be understood that embodiments of the inventive subject matter may be utilized with a single microelectronic package, as well.
As shown in FIG. 1 and described in detail below, the method is offered by way of non-limiting example only. It is emphasized that the fabrication steps shown in FIG. 1 can be performed in alternative orders, that certain steps may be omitted, and that additional steps may be performed in further embodiments. Furthermore, various steps in the manufacture of a stacked microelectronic package assembly or certain components included within a stacked microelectronic package assembly are well-known and, in the interests of brevity, will only be mentioned briefly herein or will be omitted entirely without providing the well-known process details. It will be appreciated that method can be utilized to produce various other types of stacked microelectronic package assemblies having configurations that are different from those included in the Figures.
Referring to FIG. 1, the method begins with the production of a number of microelectronic packages in process 102. More particularly, as will be described in detail below, process 102 results in the production of a number of microelectronic packages that include embedded microelectronic devices and/or other components that are electrically coupled to device-to-edge conductors that extend to one or more package surfaces. Any method suitable for fabricating a stackable package or microelectronic package having at least one electrically-conductive element exposed through a package sidewall and electrically coupled to a microelectronic device contained within the microelectronic package can be carried-out during process 102. Embodiments of the inventive subject matter may be implemented in various types of microelectronic packages that can be fabricated to include device-to-edge conductors that extend to one or more surfaces of the package, including but not limited to substrate based wirebond packages, flip chip packages, and redistributed chip packages (RCP), for example. Although embodiments illustrated in the figures and discussed below pertain to RCP types of packages, it is to be understood that the inventive subject matter is not limited to application only in RCP types of packages.
FIGS. 2-5 illustrate various stages in the production of an embodiment of a microelectronic package. More specifically, FIG. 2 is a top-down view illustrating a partially-completed microelectronic device panel 200, which corresponds to a first stage of production of an embodiment of a microelectronic package (e.g., a first stage of production carried out in conjunction with process 102, FIG. 1). According to an embodiment, microelectronic device panel 200 may be produced utilizing an RCP process or another chips-first packaging technique. More specifically, microelectronic device panel 200 includes a panel body 208 in which a plurality of microelectronic devices 206 are embedded. Microelectronic devices 206 may be substantially identical or may instead vary in type, function, size, and so on. For example, some of devices 206 may be devices of a first type (e.g., an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) die, a microprocessor, or another type of device), while others of devices 206 may be devices of a second type (e.g., a MEMS device or another type of device). According to an embodiment, devices 206 have contact bearing surfaces that are exposed through major surface 204 of panel body 208 (referred to herein as “panel surface 204”). In the illustrated example, device panel 200 includes twenty one square-shaped devices 206 arranged in a grid pattern or array. However, the number of microelectronic devices, the planform dimensions of the microelectronic devices (e.g., the die shape and size), and the manner in which the devices are spatially distributed within panel body 208 may vary amongst embodiments. Panel body 208 is typically produced as a relatively thin, disc-shaped body or mass having a generally circular planform geometry. However, panel body 208 can be fabricated to have any desired shape and dimensions. In various embodiments, panel body 208 can have a thickness that is less than, equivalent to, or slightly exceeding the original height of microelectronic devices 206 to minimize the overall vertical profile of the completed stacked microelectronic package assembly.
According to an embodiment, microelectronic device panel 200 may be produced as follows. First, microelectronic devices 206 are positioned in a desired spatial arrangement over the surface of a support substrate or carrier (not shown), with their contact bearing surfaces in contact with the carrier. For example, devices 206 may be arranged over the carrier in a grid array of the type shown in FIG. 2. If desired, one or more release layers may also be applied or formed over the carrier's upper surface prior to positioning of microelectronic devices 206. A mold frame with a central cavity or opening therethrough may be positioned over the carrier and around the array of microelectronic devices 206. An encapsulant, such as a silica-filled epoxy, may then be dispensed into the cavity of the mold frame and allowed to flow over microelectronic devices 206. Sufficient volume of the encapsulant may be dispensed over microelectronic devices 206 to enable the encapsulant to flow over the uppermost or non-contact-bearing surfaces of the microelectronic devices 206. The encapsulant may then be solidified by, for example, an oven cure to yield a solid panel body 208 in which microelectronic devices 206 are embedded. Panel body 208 may be rigid or flexible, depending upon the chosen encapsulant. Panel body 208 may then be released from the carrier to reveal the backside of body 208 through which the contact-bearing surfaces of microelectronic devices 206 are exposed (e.g., panel surface 204 in the embodiment shown in FIG. 2). If desired, the front side of panel body 208 may be ground or polished to bring device panel 200 to a desired thickness prior to release of the panel body from the carrier. The foregoing example notwithstanding, panel body 208 can be produced utilizing various other known fabrication techniques including, for example, compression molding and lamination processes.
After encapsulation of microelectronic devices 206 within panel body 208, a plurality of device-to-edge conductors may be fabricated over panel surface 204 of microelectronic device panel 200. In other embodiments, device-to-edge conductors may be formed entirely or partially at or below the panel surface (e.g., portions of the device-to-edge conductors may be embedded within or at the surface of the encapsulant or package). The term “device-to-edge conductor,” as used herein, refers to an electrically-conductive structure or element, such as a metal trace, a wire, an interconnect line, a metal-filled trench, a bond pad, a combination thereof, or the like. Each device-to-edge conductor is electrically coupled to an electrical component that is embedded in a microelectronic package and/or that has at a connection point (to the device-to-edge conductor) that is not co-located with the package surface on which surface conductors are to be formed (e.g., a microelectronic device or other electrical component embedded within a microelectronic package, a bond pad on a bottom surface of the device, and so on). In addition, each device-to-edge conductor extends to a sidewall or other surface of the package to contact a package surface conductor, such as the sidewall conductors described below in conjunction with FIGS. 10-15. The device-to-edge conductors can assume a wide variety of different forms. In some embodiments, a device-to-edge conductor may consist of or include a combination of one or more electrically-conductive lines (e.g., metal traces), vias, metal plugs, leadframes, and/or other conductive features, which are formed on, between, and/or through one or more dielectric layers. The conductive lines may be included within one or more layers that may be referred to as “build-up layers,” “metal layers,” or “redistribution layers” (RDLs). Collectively, the conductive features provide an electrically conductive path between an encapsulated microelectronic device 206 and a package surface conductor to be formed later on the package sidewall, as described below in conjunction with FIGS. 10-15.
FIG. 3 illustrates a top-down view of a partially-completed microelectronic device panel 300 at a later stage of production of an embodiment of a microelectronic package (e.g., a next stage of production carried out in conjunction with process 102, FIG. 1), and FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a portion of the microelectronic device panel 300 of FIG. 3 along line 4-4, according to an embodiment. In FIG. 3, microelectronic device panel 300 represents a partially cut-away version of device panel 200 after one or more build-up layers (including device-to-edge conductors 302) have been formed over device surface 204 (FIG. 2). The cut-away portion of FIG. 3 shows a number of device-to-edge conductors 302 that can be included in one or more build-up layers over device surface 204 during production of microelectronic device panel 300. As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, device-to-edge conductors 302 may include a number of interconnect lines or metal (e.g., copper) traces. The trace portions of the device-to-edge conductors 302 may extend along a plane parallel with device surface 204 or, stated differently, along the x-y plane identified in FIG. 3 by coordinate legend 308. Device-to-edge conductors 302 can be produced using bumping or wafer level packaging fabrication techniques such as sputtering, plating, jetting, photolithography, and/or stencil printing (e.g., of an electrically-conductive ink), to list but a few examples. Device-to-edge conductors 302 may be formed on or between one or more layers of dielectric material, such as layer 400, for example.
As may be appreciated most readily with reference to FIG. 4, device-to-edge conductors 302 are electrically coupled to a number of landing pads or other electrical contact points 402 provided on each microelectronic device 206. Device-to-edge conductors 302 may be electrically connected to device contact points 402 by filled vias, plated vias, metal plugs, or the like formed through the dielectric layer 400 or layers underlying the trace portions of device-to-edge conductors 302. After formation of device-to-edge conductors 302, one or more overlying dielectric, capping, or passivation layers 404 may be formed over device-to-edge conductors 302 utilizing a spin-on coating process, printing, lamination, or another deposition technique. According to an embodiment, the outermost dielectric layer 404 (i.e., the dielectric layer overlying device-to-edge connectors 302) has a thickness sufficient to ensure that the ends of device-to-edge connectors 302 will not lift and crack the outermost dielectric layer 404 during device singulation. For this reason, the outermost dielectric layer 404 may be referred to herein as a “trace anchoring layer.” According to an embodiment, the trace anchoring layer 404 may have a thickness in a range of about 20 microns to about 30 microns, although the trace anchoring layer 404 may be thicker or thinner, as well.
According to an embodiment, device-to-edge conductors 302 extend from their respective microelectronic devices 206 to neighboring dicing streets 312, which surround or border each device 206. Dicing streets 312 represent portions of device panel 300 located between and around devices 206. According to an embodiment, dicing streets 312 do not include electrically-active elements, and the material within the dicing streets 312 is removed during singulation to yield individual microelectronic packages. Dicing streets 312 are also commonly referred to as “saw streets”. However, the term “dicing streets” is used herein to emphasize that, while singulation can be accomplished through a mechanical sawing process, other dicing techniques can be employed to separate the microelectronic packages during singulation including, for example, laser cutting and scribing with punching. As shown in the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4, neighboring device-to-edge conductors 302, which extend along aligning axes (e.g., x- and/or y-axes of coordinate system 308), can be formed to connect or meet within dicing streets 312 and thereby form a continuous conductive line extending between neighboring microelectronic devices 206, as is the case for device-to-edge conductors 302 that are aligned in parallel with the x-axis in FIG. 3. However, the portions of device-to-edge conductors 302 extending into dicing streets 312 alternatively may not be continuous between neighboring microelectronic devices 206, as is the case for device-to-edge conductors 302 that are aligned in parallel with the y-axis in FIG. 3.
While a single layer or level of device-to-edge conductors 302 are shown to be included in microelectronic panel 300 in the example embodiment shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, multiple layers or levels of device-to-edge conductors 302 can be included within a microelectronic panel, and/or layers of device-to-edge conductors may be present proximate to other surfaces of a microelectronic panel, in other embodiments. For example, the microelectronic package 610 shown in FIG. 6 includes three layers of device-to-edge conductors 622, 624, 628, where two layers 620 are proximate one surface 612 of the microelectronic package 610 and one layer 626 is proximate another surface 614 of the microelectronic package 610. Furthermore, in embodiments in which one or more of the individual microelectronic packages include multiple embedded microelectronic devices, additional conductors may also be formed at this juncture in the fabrication process in conjunction with the formation of device-to-edge conductors 302, where those additional conductors may serve to interconnect the multiple devices included within each microelectronic package.
Referring again to FIG. 5, microelectronic device panel 300 is singulated to complete production of the microelectronic packages during process 102 of method 100 (FIG. 1). More particularly, singulation produces a microelectronic package 510 that includes one or more microelectronic devices 206 embedded in a microelectronic package body 508, and a plurality of device-to-edge conductors 302 (e.g., including metal traces) extending from electrical contact points 402 of the device(s) 206 to the package sidewalls 520. As previously indicated, panel singulation can be carried-out by mechanical sawing. However, any suitable separation process can be utilized, including laser cutting and scribing with punching. In one embodiment, singulation is performed utilizing a conventional dicing saw, such as a water-cooled diamond saw. FIG. 5 illustrates, in cross-sectional view, a portion of microelectronic device panel 300 after singulation to yield a plurality of microelectronic packages 510 (only one of which is fully shown and identified in FIG. 5). According to an embodiment, each microelectronic package 510 is cut to have a substantially rectangular shape and to include four package edges or sidewalls 520 that are substantially orthogonal with respect to the package top and bottom surfaces. In another embodiment, singulated microelectronic packages may have package sidewalls that are not orthogonal to the top and bottom surfaces of the package (e.g., as depicted in the embodiment of FIGS. 14 and 15, described later).
Either way, as device-to-edge conductors 302 were previously formed to extend into dicing streets 312 (now removed), distal ends 530 of the device-to-edge conductors 302 extend to and are exposed at the sidewalls 520 of the singulated microelectronic packages 510. The ends of the device-to-edge conductors 302 also are referred to herein as “sidewall pads” or “package surface pads” herein. In various embodiments, a microelectronic package 510 may be configured so that device-to-edge conductors 302 extend to each of the four package sidewalls 520. However, in other embodiments, a microelectronic package may be configured so that device-to-edge conductors 302 extend to fewer than all of the package sidewalls (e.g., to one, two, or three sidewalls) and/or to other package surfaces. Some methods of singulation may alter the physical dimensions of the distal ends 530 of the device-to-edge conductors 302 with respect to portions of the device-to-edge conductors 302 that are embedded further within the microelectronic package 510. For example, when a mechanical sawing process is used to singulate the microelectronic packages 510, conductive material at the distal ends 530 of the device-to-edge conductors 302 may be smeared or flare slightly, thus providing a larger area to which the subsequently formed package surface conductors (e.g., package surface conductors 1010-1013, FIG. 10) may be connected.
FIG. 6, which was referred to briefly above, illustrates a cross-sectional view of a microelectronic package 610 in accordance with another embodiment. The microelectronic package 610 may be fabricated using techniques similar to those described above with respect to the first microelectronic package 510, except that additional processing steps may be carried out to form more than one layer of device-to-edge conductors prior to singulation of microelectronic package 610 from a microelectronic device panel within which it is initially formed. More specifically, microelectronic package 610 includes two layers 620 of device-to-edge conductors 622, 624 below a bottom surface of a microelectronic device 630 embedded within the microelectronic package 610 (or proximate a bottom surface 612 of the microelectronic package 610), where the bottom layers 620 of device-to-edge conductors 622, 624 are coupled to electrical contact points 632 of the microelectronic device 630, and an additional layer 626 of device-to-edge conductors 628 above a top surface of the microelectronic device 630 (or proximate a top surface 614 of the microelectronic package 610). Distal ends 640 of the device-to-edge conductors 622, 624, 628 extend to and are exposed at the sidewalls 650 of the singulated microelectronic package 610. In addition, as with microelectronic package 510, outermost dielectric layers 604, 606 (i.e., the “trace anchoring layers” overlying device-to-edge connectors 624, 628) have thicknesses sufficient to ensure that the ends of device-to-edge connectors 624, 628 did not lift and crack the outermost dielectric layers 604, 606 during device singulation (e.g., thicknesses in a range of about 20 microns to about 30 microns, although the trace anchoring layers 604, 606 may be thicker or thinner, as well).
As will be described in more detail below, although the layer 626 of device-to-edge conductors 628 proximate the top surface 614 of the microelectronic package 610 are not electrically coupled to a microelectronic device within the microelectronic package 610, the device-to-edge conductors 628 ultimately may be coupled to another microelectronic device (e.g., microelectronic device 710, FIG. 7). Thus, the terminology “device-to-edge” conductors still applies. In some embodiments, however, some or all conductors within a layer of device-to-edge conductors may not be directly coupled to a microelectronic device in a final assembly, but instead may provide routing to which other layers of device-to-edge conductors are directly coupled. For example, a microelectronic package assembly may include a “device-to-edge conductor” that merely provides routing from one package surface to another package surface (or even between spatially separated points on the same package surface. Although such conductors may not be directly coupled to a microelectronic device, they are still referred to as device-to-edge conductors herein, and that term is intended to include such conductors. Further, although microelectronic packages 510, 610 depict particular numbers of layers of device-to-edge conductors, those of skill in the art would understand, based on the description herein, that a microelectronic package may have any practical number of layers of device-to-edge conductors proximate top, bottom, and/or other surfaces of the microelectronic package.
Referring again to FIG. 1, in process 104, a singulated microelectronic package (e.g., microelectronic package 510 produced during process 102) may be combined with (e.g., stacked and bonded with) one or more additional microelectronic packages (e.g., microelectronic packages 610, 710) to produce a partially-completed stacked microelectronic package assembly 800. For example, FIGS. 7-8 include an exploded cross-sectional view and a cross-sectional view, respectively, depicting a manner which a first microelectronic package 510 may be positioned in stacked relationship with second and third microelectronic packages 610, 710 to produce a partially-completed stacked microelectronic package assembly 800 with sidewalls 520, 650 of two of the packages 510, 610 substantially aligned in a co-planar manner, according to an embodiment. Any suitable number of additional device layers may also be included within a partially-completed stacked microelectronic package assembly 800.
In view of the illustrated orientation of the stacked microelectronic package assembly of FIGS. 7 and 8, microelectronic package 510 will be referred to below as “lower microelectronic package 510”, microelectronic package 610 will be referred to as “middle microelectronic package 610,” and microelectronic package 710 will be referred to as “upper microelectronic package 710.” It should be understood, however, that this terminology is used for convenience of reference only, that the orientation of the completed stacked microelectronic package assembly is arbitrary, and that the microelectronic package assembly may be inverted during later processing steps and/or when incorporated into a larger electronic system or device.
Microelectronic packages 510, 610, 710 (and any additional microelectronic device packages included within the partially-completed stacked microelectronic package assembly 800) may be laminated or otherwise coupled together during process 104 of method 100. As indicated in FIGS. 7 and 8, this may be accomplished in some cases by applying or otherwise positioning an intervening bonding layer 730 between microelectronic packages 510, 610 prior to package stacking. Bonding layer 730 can be an epoxy or other adhesive, which may be applied over the upper surface of lower microelectronic package 510 and thermally cured after positioning of upper microelectronic package 610, for example. This example notwithstanding, any suitable bonding material or means can be utilized to bond microelectronic packages 510, 610 together including, for example, double-sided adhesive tape, dispensed adhesive, soldering, gluing, brazing, clamping, and so on. By coupling microelectronic packages 510, 610 together in this manner, the relative positioning of microelectronic packages 510, 610 and, therefore, the relative positioning of the microelectronic devices 206 and 630 embedded within microelectronic packages 510, 610 can be maintained during further processing.
In other cases, microelectronic packages (e.g., microelectronic packages 610, 710) may be coupled together using solder or other electrical connection means (e.g., wirebonds or other structures). For example, electrical contact points 712 of microelectronic package 710 may be aligned with and brought into contact with portions of device-to-edge conductors 628 exposed at the top surface 614 of microelectronic package 610, and the electrical contact points 712 and the device-to-edge conductors 628 may be physically and electrically connected together with solder (not shown), in an embodiment. Microelectronic packages 510, 610, 710, and any other microelectronic packages to be included within the stacked microelectronic package assembly can be tested prior to stacking to ensure that only known-good microelectronic packages are consolidated during process 104.
In the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 7 and 8, microelectronic package 510 is positioned in a stacked relationship with microelectronic package 610 after both packages 510, 610 have been singulated from a device panel (e.g., panel 300, FIG. 3). However, in other embodiments, microelectronic package 510 may be positioned in a stacked relationship with microelectronic package 610 prior to singulation of microelectronic package 610 from its corresponding device panel, or vice versa. In other words, multiple instances of singulated microelectronic package 510 may be stacked on and bonded to non-singulated instances of microelectronic packages 610, or vice versa. After bonding the singulated packages 510 to the non-singulated packages 610 of the device panel (e.g., in the above-described manner), the individual stacked microelectronic package assemblies may then be separated by singulation of the panel that includes microelectronic device packages 610. In still another alternate embodiments, the wafers that include both microelectronic devices 510, 612 may be stacked and bonded together prior to singulation. In either embodiment, microelectronic packages 710 may be connected to microelectronic package 610 prior to or after singulation. These alternative fabrication techniques likewise yield a plurality of partially-completed stacked microelectronic package assemblies, such as the stacked microelectronic package assembly 800 shown in FIG. 8. In still further embodiments, any number of device panels may be stacked, bonded, and then singulated to produce a plurality of partially-completed stacked microelectronic package assemblies during process 104. In any event, a composite package body 810 is formed from the combination of microelectronic packages 510, 610, 710, in the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 8.
Although the example shown in FIG. 8 depicts a top surface of microelectronic package 510 bonded to a top surface of microelectronic package 610, a bottom surface of microelectronic package 510 may be bonded to the bottom surface of microelectronic package 610, or, if microelectronic package 710 were excluded, the bottom surface of microelectronic package 510 may be bonded to the top surface of microelectronic package 610, or the top surface of microelectronic package 510 may be bonded to the top surface of microelectronic package 610. The foregoing processes are all considered to constitute the stacking of microelectronic device packages, whether stacking is performed utilizing multiple singulated packages, multiple non-singulated packages in the form of multiple device panels, or a combination of singulated packages and one or more device panels. Manufacturing techniques in which package stacking is performed on a partial or full panel level can facilitate the positioning and bonding of the stacked microelectronic package assemblies, thereby potentially improving throughput while reducing manufacturing time and cost.
Referring again to FIG. 1 and also to both FIGS. 8 and 9, in process 106, one or more cavities, openings, or trenches 830, 831, 832, 833 (referred to generically as “trenches”) are formed in the package sidewalls 520, 650 (and/or other package surfaces) in areas adjacent to where package surface conductors will be formed (e.g., in process 108, described later). For example, the cross-sectional view of FIG. 8 depicts potential locations and depths of two trenches 830, 831 formed in two opposing sidewalls of the stacked microelectronic package assembly 800. In FIG. 8, trenches 830, 831 are indicated with dashed lines, as the actual location of trenches 830, 831 would be behind the plane of the cross section of FIG. 8. FIG. 9 illustrates a side view (e.g., a right side view) of the partially-completed, stacked microelectronic package assembly 800 of FIG. 8 with trenches 831-833 located in areas that are adjacent to where package surface conductors later will be formed (e.g., in process 108), according to an embodiment. More specifically, trenches 830-833 are formed to extend through areas in which a relatively small pitch is present between later-formed adjacent pairs of package surface conductors.
Trenches 830-833 can be formed using laser cutting, drilling, sawing, etching, or another suitable technique and can have the same or varying widths. For improved manufacturing efficiency, formation of multiple trenches 830-833 can be carried-out in parallel using more than one laser, drill or saw. Alternatively, the trenches 830-833 may be formed sequentially using a single laser, drill or saw.
As FIG. 9 indicates, the trenches 831-833 may have varying lengths. For example, whereas trenches 831, 833 extend from a point near the top surface of microelectronic package 610 to a point near the bottom surface of microelectronic package 510 (including across bonding layer 730), trench 832 only extends between points near the top and bottom surfaces of microelectronic package 610. In other embodiments, trenches may be formed that extend entirely from the top surface of microelectronic package 610 to the bottom surface of microelectronic package 510 (i.e., spanning the entire thickness of microelectronic packages 510, 610), or from the top surface of microelectronic package 610 partially but not all the way to the bottom surface of microelectronic package 510, or from the bottom surface of microelectronic package 510 partially but not all the way to the top surface of microelectronic package 610.
According to an embodiment, trenches 830-833 have a depth (i.e., the dimension from a package surface to a bottom of a trench) in a range of about 1 micron to about 100 microns, and a width (i.e., the dimension between sidewalls of a trench at the package surface) in a range of about 15 microns to about 100 microns. In other embodiments, the trench depth and/or width may be larger or smaller than the above-given ranges. Trenches 830-833 may have a straight, linear configuration, as is shown in FIG. 8. Alternatively, trenches may be formed to have non-linear shapes (e.g., curved shapes, shapes that include adjoining linear segments at different orientations (e.g., zig-zag, stair step), and so on), and/or trenches may be formed that have horizontal and/or diagonal orientations. Further, the trenches may be formed to have any of a variety of cross-sectional shapes (e.g., rectangular, circular, and so on), as will be described in more detail later in conjunction with FIGS. 11-13.
As will be explained in more detail below, trenches 830-833 may be located and configured so that they may capture excess conductive material (e.g., overspray or other excess material) that otherwise would be deposited on the package surface between adjacent package surface conductors. By capturing the excess conductive material, the trenches 830-833 may significantly reduce the likelihood that such excess conductive material would provide an unintended and undesired electrical short between the adjacent package surface conductors. Although FIG. 1 illustrates an embodiment in which trenches 830-833 are formed before forming package surface conductors (e.g., package surface conductors 1010-1014, FIG. 1), in an alternate embodiment, the trenches 830-833 may be formed after forming package surface conductors (e.g., after process 108, described next).
Referring again to FIG. 1 and also to FIG. 10, in processes 108, package surface conductors (e.g., package surface conductors 1010-1014, FIG. 10) are formed between the exposed distal ends 530, 640 of various combinations of device-to-edge conductors 302, 622, 624, 628. For example, FIG. 10 illustrates a cross-sectional, side view of the partially-completed, stacked microelectronic package assembly 800 of FIG. 8 after formation of package surface conductors 1010, 1011, 1012, 1013, 1014 on package sidewalls 520, 650.
According to an embodiment, before forming the package surface conductors 1010-1014, the exposed distal ends 530, 640 of the device-to-edge conductors 302, 622, 624, 628 may be treated in a manner that will increase the quality and robustness of the connections between the distal ends 530, 640 and package surface conductors 1010-1014, in an embodiment. For example, the treatment may be configured to prevent oxidation of the conductive material (e.g., copper) from which the device-to-edge conductors 302, 622, 624, 628 are formed, or more specifically to prevent oxidation of the exposed distal ends 530, 640 of the device-to-edge conductors 302, 622, 624, 628. As a further example, a material that inhibits oxidation (e.g., an organic solderability protectant or other material) may be applied to the distal ends 530, 640 of the device-to-edge conductors 302, 622, 624, 628 prior to forming the package surface conductors.
According to an embodiment, the package surface conductors 1010-1014 are formed by first depositing, in process 108, conductive material on the package sidewalls 520, 650 (and/or other surfaces) to electrically couple various combinations of the exposed ends 530, 640 of the device-to-edge conductors 302, 622, 624, 628. According to an embodiment, the ends of each package surface conductor 1010-1014 extend beyond the device-to-edge conductors 302, 622, 624, 628 which they interconnect, so that each package surface conductor 1010-1014 may anchor itself to the package surface beyond each device-to-edge conductor 302, 622, 624, 628. For example, each package surface conductor 1010-1014 may extend beyond the device-to-edge conductors 302, 622, 624, 628 by a distance between about 5.0 microns and about 20.0 microns. In other embodiments, the package surface conductors 1010-1014 may not extend beyond the device-to-edge conductors 302, 622, 624, 628 or they may extend beyond the device-to-edge conductors 302, 622, 624, 628 by distances less than or greater than the above given range.
The package surface conductors 1010-1014 may be deposited, for example, by coating, spraying, dispensing, evaporating, sputtering, jetting (e.g., inkjet and/or aerosol jet printing), stencil printing, needle dispense, or otherwise depositing the conductive material on the surfaces of the microelectronic package assembly 800. For some types of dispensing methods, the conductive material may be dispensed using multiple deposition passes, where each pass may successively increase the height of the conductive material forming the package surface conductor 1010-1014. According to an embodiment, the conductive material forming the package surface conductors 1010-1014 may include an electrically-conductive adhesive (ECA). In other embodiments, other suitable conductive materials may be used, including but not limited to conductive polymers and conducting polymers (e.g., polymers filled with conductive particles and/or nanoparticles such as metals (e.g., silver, nickel, copper, gold, and so on), alloys of metals, metal coated organic particles, metal coated ceramic particles), solder pastes, solder-filled adhesives, particle- and nanoparticle-filled inks, liquid metals (e.g., gallium indium (GaIn) and other liquid metals), and metal-containing adhesives or epoxies, such as silver-, nickel-, and copper-filled epoxies (collectively referred to herein as “electrically-conductive pastes”). Suitable conductive materials also include low melting point metals and alloys lacking resins or fluxes (e.g., metals and alloys having melting points below 300° C.). Such materials include, but are not limited to, indium and bismuth. According to an embodiment, the package surface conductors 1010-1014 may have thicknesses in a range of about 6 microns to about 10 microns, although the package surface conductors 1010-1014 may be thicker or thinner, as well.
The above-described process results in the formation of distinct package surface conductors 1010-1014, where each package surface conductor 1010-1014 electrically couples the exposed ends 530, 640 of combinations of the device-to-edge conductors 302, 622, 624, 628. By establishing electrical connections between the device-to-edge conductors 302, 622, 624, 628, the package surface conductors 1010-1014 also serve to electrically interconnect the microelectronic packages 510, 610, 710 that are coupled with the device-to-edge conductors 302, 622, 624, 628.
For example, as shown in FIG. 10 and referring also to FIG. 9, first and second package surface conductors 1010, 1012 each electrically couple a device-to-edge conductor 622 on the bottom side of microelectronic package 610 with a device-to-edge conductor 628 on the top side of microelectronic package 610. Because the first and second package surface conductors 1010, 1012 each electrically couple device-to-edge conductors 622, 628 on the top and bottom of a single microelectronic package 610, package surface conductors 1010, 1012 may be referred to as “top-side-to-bottom-side” package surface conductors. A third package surface conductor 1011 electrically couples a device-to-edge conductor 622 on the bottom side of microelectronic package 610 with a device-to-edge conductor 624 also on the bottom side of microelectronic package 610. Because the third package surface conductor 1011 electrically couples device-to-edge conductors 622, 624 on a same side of a single microelectronic package 610, package surface conductor 1011 may be referred to as an “inter-layer” package surface conductor. Fourth and fifth package surface conductors 1013, 1014 each electrically couples a device-to-edge conductor 302 of microelectronic package 510 with a device-to-edge conductor 628 or 624, respectively, of microelectronic package 610. Because the fourth and fifth package surface conductors 1013, 1014 each electrically couples device-to-edge conductors 302, 628 or 624 of different microelectronic packages 510, 610, package surface conductors 1013, 1014 may be referred to as “inter-package” package surface conductors.
As mentioned above, the trenches 830-833 may have any of a variety of cross-sectional shapes, several examples of which are illustrated in FIGS. 11-13. For example, FIG. 11 illustrates a cross-sectional, top view of the partially-completed, stacked microelectronic package assembly of FIG. 10 along line 11-11, which includes trenches 831-833 having substantially rectangular cross-sectional shapes, according to an embodiment. More specifically, FIG. 11 is a cross-section taken through microelectronic package 610, which includes device-to-edge conductors 640 that are electrically coupled between microelectronic device 630 (shown with dashed lines as microelectronic device 630 is behind the plane of the cross-section of FIG. 11) and package sidewall 650. FIG. 11 also illustrates package sidewall conductors 1010-1013 in electrical contact with the previously exposed ends of the device-to-edge conductors 640.
As discussed previously, trenches 831-833 are located between adjacent package sidewall conductors 1010-1013, and trenches 831-833 are configured so that they retain excess conductive material 1121, 1122, 1123, 1124 (e.g., overspray or other excess material) that was deposited during the process of depositing the package surface conductors 1010-1013 (e.g., process 108). More specifically, according to an embodiment, trenches 831-833 are configured to have a height 1110 and a width 1112 that ensures that excess conductive material 1121-1124 that may be deposited during formation of the package surface conductors 1010-1013 will not provide a continuous conductive link between adjacent package surface conductors 1010-1013. For example, as indicated in FIG. 11, excess conductive material 1121 in the trench 831 between adjacent package surface conductors 1010 and 1011 does not form an electrical connection between package surface conductors 1010 and 1011. Instead, the excess conductive material 1121 is not present on at least a portion of the sidewalls of trench 831. As also mentioned previously, by capturing the excess conductive material 1121-1123, the trenches 831-833 may significantly reduce the likelihood that the excess conductive material 1121-1123 may provide an unintended and undesired electrical short between adjacent package surface conductors 1010-1013.
According to an embodiment, the depth 1110 of trenches 831-833 is selected to be deeper than the anticipated depth of any excess conductive material 1121-1123 that would be deposited between adjacent package surface conductors 1010-1013 given the deposition method that is used. For example, when the deposition method for forming the package surface conductors 1010-1013 includes inkjet printing, the depth 1110 of the trenches 831-833 would be selected to be deeper than the cumulative depth of overspray from the deposition of adjacent package surface conductors 1010-1013. As another example, when the deposition method for forming the package surface conductors 1010-1013 includes forming a conductive material layer over the package sidewall 650, the depth 1110 of the trenches 831-833 would be selected to be deeper than the thickness of the conductive material layer. According to an embodiment, as mentioned previously, depth 1110 may be in a range of about 1 micron to about 100 microns, although the depth 1110 may be larger or smaller, as well.
According to a further embodiment, the width 1112 of trenches 831-833 at the package surface (e.g., at the package sidewall 650) is selected to be sufficient for the excess conductive material 1121-1123 to enter the trench 831-833 without significant obstruction, given the deposition method and conductive material used. For example, as mentioned previously, width 1112 may be in a range of about 15 microns to about 100 microns, although width 1112 may be larger or smaller, as well.
Trenches 831-833 are shown to extend substantially perpendicularly into microelectronic package 610 from the package sidewall 650. In an alternate embodiment, a trench may extend at a non-perpendicular angle from a package sidewall. For example, FIG. 12 illustrates a cross-sectional, top view of the partially-completed, stacked microelectronic package assembly of FIG. 10 along line 11-11, according to an alternate embodiment. The embodiment of FIG. 12 is similar to the embodiment of FIG. 11, except that in the embodiment of FIG. 12, trenches 1231, 1232, 1233 extend into the microelectronic package 610 at an angle that is not perpendicular to the package sidewall 650. Instead, the trenches 1231-1233 extend into the microelectronic package 610 at an angle that is approximately 30 degrees off perpendicular. Alternatively, the trenches 1231-1233 may be oriented at larger or smaller angles, with respect to the package sidewall 650.
As FIG. 12 indicates, the excess conductive material 1221, 1222, 1223 that is deposited within trenches 1231-1233 during deposition of package surface conductors 1210, 1211, 1212, 1213 may be integrally connected with one package surface conductor 1210-1213. However, the trenches 1231-1233 are configured so that the excess conductive material 1221-1223 cannot form a continuous conductive connection between adjacent package surface conductors 1210-1213. For example, although excess conductive material 1221 within trench 1231 is integrally connected with package surface conductor 1210, the excess conductive material 1221 is not present on the trench sidewall that is adjacent package surface conductor 1211. In addition, the trench 1231 is configured so that the excess conductive material 1221 does not fill the trench 1231. Accordingly, the excess conductive material 1221 does not contact package surface conductor 1211, and does not form a continuous conductive connection between adjacent package surface conductors 1210 and 1211.
FIG. 13 illustrates a cross-sectional, top view of the partially-completed, stacked microelectronic package assembly of FIG. 10 along line 11-11, according to yet another alternate embodiment. The embodiment of FIG. 13 also is similar to the embodiment of FIG. 11, except that in the embodiment of FIG. 13, trenches 1331, 1332, 1333 have a substantially circular cross-sectional shape, rather than a substantially rectangular shape. For example, referring also to FIG. 8, the substantially circular trenches 1331-1333 may be formed using a laser directed downward at the sidewalls 520, 650 of the microelectronic package assembly 800. In such an embodiment, the trenches 1331-1333 may extend entirely from the top surface of microelectronic package 610 to the bottom surface of microelectronic package 510.
In any event, as FIG. 13 also indicates, the excess conductive material 1321, 1322, 1323 that is deposited within trenches 1331-1333 during deposition of package surface conductors 1310, 1311, 1312, 1313 does not form a continuous electrical connection between adjacent package surface conductors 1310-1313. Instead, the excess conductive material 1321-1323 is not present on at least a portion of the sidewalls of trenches 1331-1333.
Referring again to FIG. 1, in process 110, the package surface conductors 1010-1014 that were deposited during process 108 are cured. As used herein, the term “cure” means any process that causes deposited material (e.g., package surface conductors 1010-1014) to harden into a resilient solid structure, including sintering, exposing the material to chemical additives and/or gasses, and exposing the material to ultraviolet radiation, electron beams, or elevated temperatures. For example, curing may include exposing the assembly to a temperature in a range of about 150 degrees Celsius (C) to about 300 degrees C. for a period of time that is sufficient for curing to occur. In other embodiments, curing may include exposing the assembly to a higher or lower temperature.
Although the Figures depict package surface conductors that extend in a vertical direction with respect to the package top and bottom surfaces (which are considered to be in horizontal planes), package surface conductors may extend in horizontal, diagonal, or other directions, as well, in other embodiments. Further, embodiments of the inventive subject matter may include devices in which adjacent conductors are formed on package surfaces other than sidewalls. For example, adjacent conductors may be formed on a top surface, a bottom surface, and/or on embedded surfaces (e.g., between package layers) of a microelectronic package. Accordingly, a “package surface,” as used herein, may mean a sidewall, a top surface, a bottom surface, or an embedded surface. Further, a “package surface conductor,” as used herein, may mean a conductor formed on a sidewall (e.g., a package sidewall conductor), a top surface, a bottom surface, or an embedded surface of a microelectronic package. For ease of illustration and explanation, however, the Figures and description depict and describe vertically-oriented package surface conductors that extend between device-to-edge conductors of stacked microelectronic packages (e.g., packages 510, 610). According to an embodiment, microelectronic packages 510, 610 are fabricated so that, once they are assembled together to form a microelectronic package assembly, pairs of sidewall pads (i.e., the exposed distal ends of a pair of the device-to-edge conductors) generally align with each other in a vertical direction. However, as package surface conductors may have non-linear shapes and/or non-vertical orientations, the sidewall pads within a pair may not be aligned with each other in a vertical direction, in other embodiments.
According to an embodiment, after formation of the package surface conductors 1010-1014, a conformal protective coating may be applied over the package surface conductors 1010-1014 and cured. For example, the protective coating may be formed from a material that provides mechanical stability and/or a moisture barrier for the package surface conductors 1010-1014. In addition, the protective coating may be formed from a material that is electrically insulating. In an alternate embodiment, portions of the protective coating may be formed from a conductive material, as long as the conductive portions of the protective coating do not produce undesired electrical shorting between the package surface conductors 1010-1014. Further, the protective coating may function to prevent dendrite growth (e.g., silver dendrite growth, when the package surface conductors 1010-1014 include silver). For example, the protective coating may include one or more materials selected from silicone, urethane, parylene, or other suitable materials.
The embodiments of assemblies and methods of their fabrication described above include embodiments in which trenches 830-833, 1231-1233, 1331-1333 are formed in surfaces of the microelectronic packages 510, 610 prior to forming sidewall conductors 1010-1014 on those surfaces. In other embodiments, trenches (e.g., trenches 830-833, 1231-1233, 1331-1333) may be formed in the package surfaces after formation of sidewall conductors 1010-1014 (e.g., step 106 of FIG. 1 may be performed after step 108 or 110). In such embodiments, residual material (e.g., residual material 1121-1123, 1221-1223, 1321-1323) would not be present in the trenches.
In addition, although the above described figures depict stacked microelectronic package assemblies in which sidewalls (e.g., sidewalls 520, 650) of the packages are substantially co-planar, the sidewalls of stacked packages forming a stacked microelectronic package assembly may not be co-planar, in other embodiments. For example, FIG. 14 illustrates a cross-sectional, side view of a completed stacked microelectronic package assembly, according to another embodiment. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 14, the width of top microelectronic package 1410 is smaller than the width of bottom microelectronic package 1420. In such an embodiment, package surface conductors 1430 between exposed ends 1402, 1404 of device-to-edge conductors 1416, 1426 can be formed in a stair step configuration. Similarly, trenches 1440 between the package surface conductors 1430 also can be formed in a stair step configuration. More particularly, in the illustrated embodiment, package sidewall conductors 1432, 1434 and trenches 1440 rise along the sidewalls of each microelectronic package 1410, 1420, and intermediate package surface conductors 1436 and trenches 1440 are formed on the top surface of the bottom microelectronic package 1420. The intermediate package surface conductors 1436 and trenches 1440 extend between and electrically couple corresponding pairs of package sidewall conductors 1432, 1434 and vertical trenches 1440. As with the previously described embodiments, the exposed ends 1402, 1404 of device-to-edge conductors 1416, 1426 may be treated to prevent oxidation prior to forming the package surface conductors 1430. In addition, after formation of the package surface conductors 1430, a protective coating may be applied over the package surface conductors 1430.
Although the above described figures depict package sidewalls that are substantially orthogonal to the top and bottom surfaces of a package, the package sidewalls may be non-orthogonal to the top and bottom surfaces of a package, in other embodiments. For example, FIG. 15 illustrates a cross-sectional, side view of a partially-completed stacked microelectronic package assembly with trenches 1540 and package surface conductors 1530 formed in and on non-orthogonal sidewalls of microelectronic packages 1510, 1520, according to yet another embodiment. As with the previously-described embodiments, each package surface conductor 1530 electrically couples exposed ends 1502, 1504 of at least two device-to-edge conductors 1516, 1526. Implementation of the various embodiments using devices (e.g., devices 1510, 1520) with non-orthogonal sidewalls may have some manufacturing advantages. For example, in an embodiment in which the trenches 1540 are formed with a laser and the sidewall conductors 1530 are dispensed using a print head, the laser and print head may be positioned vertically during the trench formation and dispensing processes (e.g., pointed straight down toward the sidewalls), rather than at a non-vertical angle, as would likely be implemented for forming trenches and dispensing sidewall conductors on sidewalls that are orthogonal to the top and bottom package surfaces. As with the previously described embodiments, the exposed ends 1502, 1504 of device-to-edge conductors 1516, 1526 may be treated to prevent oxidation prior to forming the package surface conductors 1530. In addition, after formation of the package surface conductors 1530, a protective coating may be applied over the package surface conductors 1530.
Although the various embodiments illustrated in the Figures and described above include vertically-oriented package surface conductors that interconnect vertically aligned sidewall pads of stacked packages, other embodiments also or alternatively may include horizontally-oriented package surface conductors that interconnect horizontally aligned sidewall pads of a single microelectronic package or multiple microelectronic packages. In addition, other embodiments may include package surface conductors that interconnect sets of more than two sidewall pads, and/or package surface conductors having shapes that are different from simple linear shapes, as discussed previously. Further, in some embodiments, adjacent sidewall conductors may couple to one or more common sidewall pads. In addition, in still other alternate embodiments, a stacked microelectronic package assembly may include any number or combination of the package surface conductor embodiments discussed herein. All such embodiments are intended to be included within the scope of the inventive subject matter.
An embodiment of a method includes forming a trench in a surface of a package body, forming a first package surface conductor along a first side of the trench to electrically couple a first exposed end of a first device-to-edge conductor and a second exposed end of a second device-to-edge conductor, and forming a second package surface conductor along an opposite second side of the trench to electrically couple a third exposed end of a third device-to-edge conductor and a fourth exposed end of a fourth device-to-edge conductor.
An embodiment of a device includes a package body having a package surface, a first device-to-edge conductor, a second device-to-edge conductor, a third device-to-edge conductor, and a fourth device-to-edge conductor. The device also includes a trench formed in the package surface, a first package surface conductor, and a second package surface conductor. The first package surface conductor is formed along a first side of the trench and electrically couples a first exposed end of the first device-to-edge conductor and a second exposed end of the second device-to-edge conductor. The second package surface conductor is formed along an opposite second side of the trench and electrically couples a third exposed end of the third device-to-edge conductor and a fourth exposed end of the fourth device-to-edge conductor.
Terms such as “first,” “second,” “third,” “fourth,” and the like, if appearing in the description and the subsequent claims, may be utilized to distinguish between similar elements and are not necessarily used to indicate a particular sequential or chronological order. Such terms may thus be used interchangeably and that embodiments of the disclosure are capable of operation in sequences other than those illustrated or otherwise described herein. Furthermore, terms such as “comprise,” “include,” “have,” and the like are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements is not necessarily limited to those elements, but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. The term “coupled,” as appearing herein, is defined as directly or indirectly connected in an electrical or non-electrical (e.g., mechanical) manner. Furthermore, the terms “substantial” and “substantially” are utilized to indicate that a particular feature or condition is sufficient to accomplish a stated purpose in a practical manner and that minor imperfections or variations, if any, are not significant for the stated purpose.
While at least one embodiment has been presented in the foregoing Detailed Description, it should be appreciated that a vast number of variations exist. It should also be appreciated that the embodiment or embodiments are only examples, and are not intended to limit the scope, applicability, or configuration of the disclosure in any way. Rather, the foregoing Detailed Description will provide those skilled in the art with a convenient road map for implementing embodiments of the disclosure. It being understood that various changes may be made in the function and arrangement of elements described in an embodiment without departing from the scope of the disclosure as set-forth in the appended claims.

## Claims

1. A method comprising:
forming a trench in a sidewall of a package body, wherein first, second, third, and fourth exposed ends of first, second, third, and fourth device-to-edge conductors are exposed at the sidewall of the package body;
forming a first package conductor over the sidewall along a first side of the trench to electrically couple the first exposed end of the first device-to-edge conductor and the second exposed end of the second device-to-edge conductor; and
forming a second package surface conductor over the sidewall along an opposite second side of the trench to electrically couple the third exposed end of the third device-to-edge conductor and the fourth exposed end of the fourth device-to-edge conductor, wherein the first and second package surface conductors are not electrically shorted across the trench.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein forming the trench comprises using a trench formation method selected from laser cutting, drilling, and sawing.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein forming the trench comprises forming a trench with a substantially rectangular cross-sectional shape.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein forming the trench comprises forming a trench that is substantially perpendicular to the sidewall of the package body.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein forming the trench comprises forming a trench that is not perpendicular to the sidewall of the package body.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein forming the trench comprises forming a trench with a substantially circular cross-sectional shape.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein forming the trench is performed before forming the first and second package surface conductors.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein forming the trench is performed after forming the first and second package surface conductors.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein forming the first and second package surface conductors comprises dispensing one or more conductive materials on the sidewall using one or more dispensing methods selected from coating, spraying, dispensing, evaporating, sputtering, inkjet printing, aerosol jet printing, stencil printing, and needle dispense.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein forming the first and second package surface conductors comprises:
forming a conductive material layer over the sidewall, wherein the conductive material layer has a thickness that is less than a depth of the trench.

11. The method of claim 1, wherein the first and second package surface conductors are formed from one or more conductive materials that are selected from an electrically conductive adhesive, conductive polymer, a polymer filled with conductive particles, a metal alloy, metal coated organic particles, metal coated ceramic particles, solder paste, solder-filled adhesive, nanoparticle-filled ink, a liquid metal, a metal-containing adhesive, a metal-containing epoxies, electrically-conductive pastes, indium, and bismuth.

12. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
forming one or more additional trenches in the sidewall of the package body; and
forming one or more additional package surface conductors along sides of the one or more additional trenches.

13. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
forming the package body by stacking a first microelectronic package that has a first sidewall on a second microelectronic package that has a second sidewall, wherein the first sidewall forms a first portion of the sidewall of the package body, the second sidewall forms a second portion of the sidewall of the package body, the first microelectronic package includes an embedded first microelectronic device that is electrically coupled with one or more of the first, second, third and fourth device-to-edge conductors, and the second microelectronic package includes an embedded second microelectronic device that is electrically coupled with one or more other ones of the first, second, third and fourth device-to-edge conductors.

14. A device, comprising:
a package body having a package sidewall, a first device-to-edge conductor with a first exposed end at the package sidewall, a second device-to-edge conductor with a second exposed end at the package sidewall, a third device-to-edge conductor with a third exposed end at the package sidewall, and a fourth device-to-edge conductor with a fourth exposed end at the package sidewall;
a trench formed in the package sidewall;
a first package conductor formed over the package sidewall along a first side of the trench that electrically couples the first exposed end of the first device-to-edge conductor and the second exposed end of the second device-to-edge conductor; and
a second package surface conductor formed over the package sidewall along an opposite second side of the trench that electrically couples the third exposed end of the third device-to-edge conductor and the fourth exposed end of the fourth device-to-edge conductor, wherein the first and second package surface conductors are not electrically shorted across the trench.

15. The device of claim 14, wherein the trench has a substantially rectangular cross-sectional shape.

16. The device of claim 14, wherein the trench is substantially perpendicular to the package sidewall.

17. The device of claim 14, wherein the trench is not perpendicular to the package sidewall.

18. The device of claim 14, wherein the trench has a substantially circular cross-sectional shape.

19. The device of claim 14, wherein the package body comprises:
a first microelectronic package that has an embedded first microelectronic device that is electrically coupled with one or more of the first, second, third and fourth device-to-edge conductors, and a first sidewall that forms a first portion of the package sidewall; and
a second microelectronic package stacked on the first microelectronic package, wherein the second microelectronic package has an embedded second microelectronic device that is electrically coupled with one or more other ones of the first, second, third and fourth device-to-edge conductors, and a second sidewall that forms a second portion of the package sidewall.

20. The device of claim 14, wherein the package surface conductor is formed from one or more conductive materials selected from an electrically conductive adhesive, conductive polymer, a polymer filled with conductive particles, a metal alloy, metal coated organic particles, metal coated ceramic particles, solder paste, solder-filled adhesive, nanoparticle-filled ink, a liquid metal, a metal-containing adhesive, a metal-containing epoxies, electrically-conductive pastes, indium, and bismuth.