## General Service Fluorescent Lamp and Incandescent Reflector March 10-11, 2008 Lamp Energy Conservation Standard ANOPR Public Meeting



# Energy Conservation Standards for General Service Fluorescent Lamps and Incandescent Reflector Lamps ANOPR Public Meeting

Engineering Analysis Building Technologies Program Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy U.S. Department of Energy March 10-11, 2008

2 Document NOPR

is i l i is i is i i le Peri is

is 

## ANOPR Analyses Flow Diagram

Framework ANOPR Final Rule

National Impact Analys Energy Use Character zation Market and Techno ogy Assessment Screen ng Analys Engineer ng Analys Product Pr ce Determ nation Life-Cyc Cost and Payback od Analys
Shipments Analys

## General Service Fluorescent Lamp and Incandescent Reflector March 10-11, 2008 Lamp Energy Conservation Standard ANOPR Public Meeting

3 

###  

# •

 

# • ill not consider in the engineering



###  

# • alternatives. 

###  

# • Purpose

Market & Technology Assessment Characterize the fluorescent and inc andescent reflector lamp market and industry, identify the measures to improve efficacy, and establish product classes. 

### Screening Analysis Screen out technology options that DOE w analysis for fluorescent and incandescent lamps. 

### Engineering Analysis Identify baseline lamps or lamp-and-ballast systems and their higher-efficacy


### Product Price Determination Establish end-user prices for lamps and ballasts identified in the engineering analysis.

Market and Technology Assessment 

## General Service Fluorescent Lamp Product Classes  EPCA established efficacy and CRI standards for 8 separate categories of fluorescent lamps based on four lamp types and two wattage bins per lamp type. 42 U.S.C. 6295(i)(1) Lamp Type

Four-Foot Medium Bipin Nominal Lamp Wattage W > 35 W Minimum CRI

69 Minimum Average

Lamp Efficacy

lm/W 75.0 ≤ 35 W 45 75.0 Two-Foot U-Shaped > 35 W 69 68.0 ≤ 35 W 45 64.0 Eight-Foot Slimline > 65 W 69 80.0 ≤ 65 W 45 80.0 Eight-Foot High Output > 100 W 69 80.0 ≤ 100 W 45 80.0 4

## General Service Fluorescent Lamp and Incandescent Reflector March 10-11, 2008 Lamp Energy Conservation Standard ANOPR Public Meeting

Market and Technology Assessment 

## Characteristics Used to Establish GSFL Product Classes  DOE divides covered product into classes by: 

# • The type of energy used 

# • Capacity of the product or other performance-related features that justify different standard levels, such as features affecting consumer utility (42 U.S.C. 6295(q))  DOE used the following criteria to subdivide GSFL product classes: 

# • Physical constraints of the lamp 

# • Lumen package 

# • Correlated color temperature  DOE did not use the following criteria to subdivide the GSFL product classes: 

# • Lamp diameter 

# • Ballast interoperability 

# • Lamp wattage

5

Market and Technology Assessment 

## GSFL Product Classes: Physical Constraints of Lamps
 Physical constraints of the lamp refer to the ability of lamp to use a particular fixture.  The ability of a lamp to use a particular fixture affect the utility of the lamp.  The efficacy of the product is also affected (e.g., 4-foot and 8-foot exhibit different efficacies).  Result: Subdivide product classes by: 

# • Straight-shaped, 

# • U-shaped lamps, 

# • 4-foot length lamps, and 

# • 8-foot length lamps.

6

## General Service Fluorescent Lamp and Incandescent Reflector March 10-11, 2008 Lamp Energy Conservation Standard ANOPR Public Meeting

Market and Technology Assessment 

## GSFL Product Classes: Lumen Package of Fluorescent Lamps  Lumen package refers to the quantity of light a lamp-and-ballast system provides to the consumer.  Notable differences in standard lumen output lamps and high lumen output lamps indicate differences in utility.  8-foot single pin slimline vs. 8 -foot recessed double contact high output lamps



# • High output systems have approximately 50% higher lumen output than slimline systems 

# • Efficacy differential can be as much as 10% between comparable slimline and high output systems 

###  Result: Different product classes for 8-foot single pi n slimline lamps and 8-foot recessed double c ontact high output lamps.

7

8 

###     CCT ≤

- 450 500 )l ii

78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92) 

## GSFL Product Classes: Correlated Color Temperature

Correlated color temperature (CCT) is a measure of the perceived color of the white light emitted from the lamp. CCT is a performance related feat ure that affects consumer utility. Higher CCT lamps emit less radiation in the visible part of the spectrum, resulting in relatively lower efficacies. DOE considers setting separate efficacy standards for lamps with 4500K and lamps with CCT > 4500K. 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2

400 550 600 650 700 750 Wavelength (nanometersRe at ve Sensitiv ty

6500K 4100K Lamp CCTEfficacy (lms/watt Market and Technology Assessment

## General Service Fluorescent Lamp and Incandescent Reflector March 10-11, 2008 Lamp Energy Conservation Standard ANOPR Public Meeting

Market and Technology Assessment 

## GSFL Product Classes  DOE does not subdivide product classes by lamp diameter ( e.g. , T12 vs. T8)



# • These are not properties that affect lamp utility. 

# • Manufacturer product literature and market trends show that T8 lamps are currently being offered as T12 product replacements 

###  DOE does not subdivide product classes by ballast interoperability. 

# • The economics of the ballast can be taken into account in the analyses. 

###  DOE does not subdivide product classes by lamp wattage ( e.g. , 40W vs. 34W)



# • Lamp wattage is not a property that necessarily affects lamp utility ( e.g. , 34W lamps are considered as a replacement for 40W lamps)

9

Market and Technology Assessment 

## Setting CRI standards  DOE is proposing to not subdi vide product classes by wattage.  However, EPCA established mi nimum CRI requirements for fluorescent lamps based on wattage.



# • Higher wattage lamps have a minimum CRI of 69 

# • Lower wattage lamps have a minimum CRI of 45 

###  DOE believes that it does not have the authority to change the minimum CRI standard.  DOE can not maintain the current minimum CRI requirements within the new product class structure. 

## DOE invites comment on the possible approaches to handling the issue of CRI in setting GSFL efficacy standards
10

## General Service Fluorescent Lamp and Incandescent Reflector March 10-11, 2008 Lamp Energy Conservation Standard ANOPR Public Meeting

Market and Technology Assessment 

## GSFL Product Classes Used in ANOPR Analyses Lamp Type For CCT ≤ 4,500K, Minimum Lamp Efficacy

lm/W For CCT > 4,500K, Minimum Lamp Efficacy

lm/W 4-Foot Medium Bipin Product Class #1 Product Class #5

2-Foot U-Shaped Product Class #2 Product Class #6 8-Foot Single Pin Slimline Product Class #3 Product Class #7 8-Foot Recessed Double Contact HO Product Class #4 Product Class #8

11

Market and Technology Assessment 

## General Service Fluorescent Lamp Product Classes DOE invites comments on GSFL product classes. Specifically, DOE invites comment on whether T12 and T8 fluorescent lamps should be in the same product class. DOE also invites comments on whether there should be a CCT divider, how many groupings of CCT are appropriate, and what the CCT divider or dividers should be. (Issue #3)

12

## General Service Fluorescent Lamp and Incandescent Reflector March 10-11, 2008 Lamp Energy Conservation Standard ANOPR Public Meeting

Market and Technology Assessment 

## Incandescent Reflector Lamp Product Classes  EPCA set efficacy standards for 6 different wattage bins  DOE believes wattage, though it affects efficacy, is not a direct measure of utility (e.g., a high e fficacy 55W lamp can deliver the same amount of light as a lower efficacy 75W lamp)  Therefore, DOE is establishing a product class that encompasses the entire wattage range (40W-205W)  To take into account the effect of wattage on efficacy, the candidate standard level for incandescent reflector lamps would be an equation that depends on wattage.

13

Market and Technology Assessment

14 )i l / ) . β ) , where α β 

## Incandescent Reflector Lamp Product Classes

Lamp wattage (wattsEff cacy ( umens watt

EPCA CSL1 CSL2 CSL3 Lm / W ≥ α *( W^ and are constants.

## General Service Fluorescent Lamp and Incandescent Reflector March 10-11, 2008 Lamp Energy Conservation Standard ANOPR Public Meeting

Market and Technology Assessment 

## Modified-Spectrum Incandescent Reflector Lamps
 EISA 2007 defines a “colored incandescent lamp” such that some IRL ( e.g. , lamps containing > 5% neodymium) are no longer excluded from coverage  These lamps may fall under the defini tion for “modified -spectrum” IRL: 

# • A lamp whose color point with (x,y) chromaticity coordinates lies below the blackbody locus and at least 4 MacAdam steps from the color point of a similar clear lamp. 

###  Modified-spectrum IRL offer differe nt light output (and utility) by absorbing a portion of the visible light emission emitted by the filament, thereby reducing efficacy.  DOE considers a separate product cl ass for modified-s pectrum lamps.

15

16 

### Product Class #10 Product Class #9 IRL Efficacy lm/W Standard-Spectrum Efficacy

lm/W



## #3) 

## IRL Product Classes

Modified-Spectrum Minimum Lamp Minimum Lamp Lamp Category



## DOE invites comment on the creation of product classes that encompass the full range of IRL wattages and the creation of a separated product class for modified spectrum lamps. (Issue Market and Technology Assessment

## General Service Fluorescent Lamp and Incandescent Reflector March 10-11, 2008 Lamp Energy Conservation Standard ANOPR Public Meeting

Screening Analysis 

## Screening Analysis Method

 Design options were screened using the following criteria: 

# • Technological feasibility 

# • Practicability to manufacture, install and service 

# • Adverse impacts on product utility or product availability 

# • Adverse impacts on health or safety

17

Screening Analysis 

## Design Options Selected for Further Consideration  General Service Fluorescent Lamp Design Options 

# • Highly emissive electrode coatings 

# • Higher-efficiency lamp fill gas composition 

# • Higher-efficiency phosphors 

# • Glass coatings 

# • Higher-efficiency lamp diameter 

###  Incandescent Reflector Lamp Design Options 

# • Higher-temperature operation 

# • Thinner filaments 

# • Efficient filament coiling 

# • Efficient filament orientation 

# • Higher-efficiency inert fill gas 

# • Tungsten-halogen lamps 

# • Higher-pressure tungsten halogen lamps 

# • Infrared glass coatings (thin-film) 

# • Higher-efficiency re flector coatings 

# • Efficient filament placement 18

## General Service Fluorescent Lamp and Incandescent Reflector March 10-11, 2008 Lamp Energy Conservation Standard ANOPR Public Meeting

19 

### 



•

• 

## Engineering

Determination The purpose of the engineering analysis and the product price determination is to determine the relationship between fluorescent an incandescent lamps and end-user price.The engineering analysis identifies baseline lamps or lamp-andballast systems and their higher-efficacy alternatives. 

## Engineering Analysis: Purpose

Downstream Rulemaking Analyses Life-Cycle Cost and Payback Period Analysis National Impact Analysis Engineering Analysis



## Analysis Product Price

Engineering Analysis

Standard Scale to Product Classes Not l Select Choose Product Classes

Define Baseline Models

Develop Candidate

Levels
Ana yzed Efficient Substitutes Representative 

## Engineering Analysis Methodology Õ Choose product classes to be analyzed in the engineering and life-cycle cost analysis. 

## Õ Define characteristics of models in each representative product class which will serve as reference points to assess changes due to energy conservation standards. 

## Õ Identify more-efficient substitutes from a database of commercially-available lamps. Substitutes will maintain similar light output and save energy. 

## Õ Develop candidate standard levels that span the range of efficacy from the baseline to the maximum technologically feasible. 

## Õ Scale results to other product classes not analyzed.
20

## General Service Fluorescent Lamp and Incandescent Reflector March 10-11, 2008 Lamp Energy Conservation Standard ANOPR Public Meeting

Engineering Analysis 

## Representative Product Classes
 DOE chose a subset of product classes to analyze in the engineering analysis and life-cycle cost analysis to concentrate its analytical effort. These are calle d “representative product classes.”  DOE based its selection on those product classes with the highest volume of shipments.  General Service Fluorescent Lamps 

# • Of the 8 product classes, DOE analyzed three:

– 4-foot medium bipin; CCT ≤ 4500K

– 8-foot single pin slimline; CCT ≤ 4500K

– 8-foot recessed double contact HO; CCT ≤ 4500K 

###  Incandescent Reflector Lamps 

# • DOE analyzed the standard-spectrum product class and is scaling its findings to the modified-spectrum product class.

21

Engineering Analysis 

## Baseline Models  DOE selected baseline lamps fr om each representative product class.  Typically a baseline lamp just meets the existing energy conservation standard.  DOE selected specific attributes like light output, wattage, and operating lifetimes that are typical of the most common lamp on the market for that product class.  DOE selected multiple baseline lamps in each product class to ensure consideration of different high-volume lamps and their associated consumer economics.

22

## General Service Fluorescent Lamp and Incandescent Reflector March 10-11, 2008 Lamp Energy Conservation Standard ANOPR Public Meeting

23 

###  ≤ 4500K Product Class: 

# • • • CCT: 4100K 

# •  ≤ 4500K Product Class: 

# • • • CCT: 4100K 

# •  ≤ 4500K Product Class:



# • • • CCT: 4100K 

# •

24 

###  

85 25 T8 82 28 T8 82 30 T8 82 32 T8 85 32 T8 82 32 T8 75 32 T8 85 34 T12 80 34 T12 70 34 T12 62 34 T12 85 40 T12 80 40 T12 80 40 T12 70 40 T12 lm/W W CRI Rated Lamp 

## Baseline Models: General Service Fluorescent Lamps 4-Foot Medium Bipin, Wattage: 40W T12, 34W T12, 32W T8 Operating lifetime: 20,000 hrs Phosphor: 40W T12 and 32W T8: 700 series, 34W T12: 600 series 

### 8-Foot Single Pin Slimline, Wattage: 75W T12, 60W T12, 59W T8 Operating lifetime: 12,000 and 15,000 hrs Phosphor: 75W T12 and 59W T8: 700 series, 60W T12: 600 series 

### 8-Foot Recessed Double Contact High Output, Wattage: 110W T12, 95W T12 Operating lifetime: 12,000 hrs Phosphor: 110W T12: 700 series, 95W T12: 600 series Engineering Analysis



### Based on commercially-available lamps Example of 4-Foot Medium Bipin higher efficacy lamps



## Select Efficacious Fluorescent Lamp Substitutes

96.0 97.3 95.0 95.4 92.3 90.8 86.2 Baseline 91.2 85.3 82.4 77.9 Baseline 90.0 85.0 82.5 80.0 Baseline Efficacy Nominal Wattage Diameter Engineering Analysis

## General Service Fluorescent Lamp and Incandescent Reflector March 10-11, 2008 Lamp Energy Conservation Standard ANOPR Public Meeting

Engineering Analysis 

## Fluorescent Lamp Systems Approach  For GSFL, lamps must be operated on ballasts. DOE takes a “systems approach” that considers both reduced-wattage and equal-wattage lamps operated by different ballasts  The ballast influences the light output and energy consumption of the lamp  Each lamp is paired with one or more ballasts Æ “system”  Systems are chosen to have similar mean lumen output as the baseline system  Energy savings from the baseline system can be obtained by using either:

1. A more efficacious reduced-wattage lamp on the same ballast; or 2. A more efficacious same or reduced wattage lamp on a different ballast so it operates the lamp at a lower power level.
25

Engineering Analysis 

## Fluorescent Lamp Systems Introduction  System mean lumen output = number of lamps per ballast x ballast factor x mean lumen output of lamp



# • For example, given a 3-lamp ballast with a 0.9 BF and lamps that emit 2,000 mean lumens each the system mean lumen output is equal to 3 x 0.9 x 2,000 or 5,400 lumens. 

###  System power is dependent on lamp wattage and the ballast factor of the ballast.



# • As ballast factor decreases, system power decreases. 

# • As lamp wattage decreases, system power decreases.

26

## General Service Fluorescent Lamp and Incandescent Reflector March 10-11, 2008 Lamp Energy Conservation Standard ANOPR Public Meeting

Engineering Analysis

Ballast 

## Lamp Substitutes for 4-foot Medium Bipin Product Class Change Lamp and Change Lamp Only or Lamp and Ballast

27 72 74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 100

26 28 32 34 36 38 42 ))

28 

###  

# • Baseli
– i ll ll ( ) i l
– 

# • Additi
– 

###  

# • Baseli
– – 

# • Additi
– 

###  

# • Baseli
– 

# • Additi
– : 0.81 BF 24 30 40 Rated Wattage (WRated Lamp Efficacy (lm/W



## Fluorescent Lamp-and-Ballast Systems: Baselines and Substitutes 4-Foot Medium Bipin: 3-Lamp System ne systems T12 system : magnet c ba ast or a 0.88 ba ast factor BF electron c ba last T8 system : 0.88 BF electronic ballast

onal electronic ballasts used for higher efficacy systems T12 system : 0.87 and 0.86 BF; T8 system : 1.18, 1.00, 0.78, and 0.75 BF 

### 8-Foot Single Pin Slimline: 2-Lamp System ne systems T12 system : magnetic ballast or a 0.88 BF electronic ballast T8 system : 0.88 BF electronic ballast

onal electronic ballasts used for higher efficacy systems T12 system : 0.85 BF; T8 system : 0.78, 0.85, and 1.18 BF 

### 8-Foot Recessed Double Contact HO: 2-Lamp System ne systems T12 system : 0.88 BF electronic ballast

onal electronic ballasts T12 system : 0.90 and 0.89 BF; T8 system Engineering Analysis T8

32W T8 Baseline T12

34W T12 Baseline 40W T12 Baseline

## General Service Fluorescent Lamp and Incandescent Reflector March 10-11, 2008 Lamp Energy Conservation Standard ANOPR Public Meeting

Engineering Analysis 

## Fluorescent Lamp CSL Summary  Candidate standard levels based on several design options (primarily phosphor series) and commercially available lamps.  Phosphor Series 

# • 600 series cool white halophosphor
– Lower efficacy, reduced-wattage baselines; CRI between 60 and 69 

# • 700 series rare earth phosphor
– Higher-wattage baselines and higher-efficacy lamps; CRI between 70 and 79 

# • 800 series rare earth phosphor
– Higher efficacy lamps; CRI between 80 and 89 

###  Other Possible Design Options Incorporated to meet CSLs 

# • Highly emissive electrode coatings, higher efficiency lamp fill gas composition, thicker phosphor coating, glass coatings , or higher efficiency lamp diameter 

###  Some CSLs in each product cl ass eliminate all T12 lamps

29

Engineering Analysis 

## 4-Foot Medium Bipin CSLs CSL Efficacy Design Option for Each Baseline 40W T12 34W T12 32W T8 CSL0 < 82.4 lm/W 700 series 600 series - CSL1 82.4 lm/W Improved 700 700 series - series or 800 series CSL2 85.0 lm/W 800 series 800 series 700 series CSL3 90.0 lm/W Improved 800 series Improved 800 series 800 series CSL4 92.3 lm/W Improved 800 series – 30W lamp available CSL5 95.4 lm/W Improved 800 series – 28W and 25W available 30

## General Service Fluorescent Lamp and Incandescent Reflector March 10-11, 2008 Lamp Energy Conservation Standard ANOPR Public Meeting



## ) 4-Foot Medium Bipin CSLs (continued Engineering Analysis

31 72 74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98

24 26 28 32 34 36 38 40 42

32 100

30 Rated Wattage (W)Rated Lamp Efficacy (lm/W)



## 8-Foot Single Pin Slimline CSLs Engineering Analysis 4-foot T8 medium bipin

32W T8 Baseline
CSL1 CSL2 CSL3 CSL4 CSL5

EPACT 1992 4-foot T12 medium bipin

40W T12 Baseline 34W T12 Baseline

CSL Efficacy Design Option for Each Baseline 75W T12 60W T12 59W T8 CSL0 < 87.3 lm/W 700 series - - CSL1 87.3 lm/W 800 series 600 series - CSL2 92.0 lm/W Improved 800 series 700 series - CSL3 94.8 lm/W Improved 800 series Improved 700 series 700 series CSL4 98.2 lm/W 800 series CSL5 101.5 lm/W Improved 800 series – 57W and 55W available

## General Service Fluorescent Lamp and Incandescent Reflector March 10-11, 2008 Lamp Energy Conservation Standard ANOPR Public Meeting



## ) 8-Foot Single Pin Slimline CSLs (continued Engineering Analysis

33 54 58 60 62 70 74 76 78

34 75.0 77.0 79.0 81.0 83.0 85.0 87.0 89.0 91.0 93.0 95.0 97.0 99.0 101.0 103.0 105.0

52 56 64 66 68 72 Rated Wattage (W)Rated Lamp Efficacy (lm/W) 8-foot T12 single pin slimline 8-foot T8 single pin



## 8-Foot Recessed Double Contact HO CSLs

*Note: 86W T8 is not a baseline lamp Engineering Analysis 60W T12 Baseline 59W T8 Baseline

CSL1 CSL2 CSL3 CSL4 CSL5

EPACT 1992 75W T12 Baseline

CSL Efficacy Design Option for Each Baseline 110W T12 95W T12 86W T8* CSL0 < 83.2 lm/W 700 series 600 series - CSL1 83.2 lm/W 800 series - - CSL2 86.1 lm/W 700 series - CSL3 87.6 lm/W 800 series - CSL4 91.9 lm/W 700 series CSL5 95.3 lm/W 800 series

## General Service Fluorescent Lamp and Incandescent Reflector March 10-11, 2008 Lamp Energy Conservation Standard ANOPR Public Meeting

Engineering Analysis

35 

## )

80 82 86 88 90 92 96/W)

B 

## 8-Foot Recessed Double Contact HO CSLs (continued

CSL2 CSL3 CSL4 CSL5

EPACT 1992 75.0 77.0 79.0 81.0 83.0 85.0 87.0 89.0 91.0 93.0 95.0 97.0 99.0 101.0 103.0 105.0

84 94 98 100 102 104 106 108 110 112 114 Rated Wattage (W)Rated Lamp Efficacy (lm 8-foot T8 recessed double contact HO

110W T12 li 95W T12 Baseline 8-foot T12 recessed double contact HO

CSL1

36 7,366 0.88 ic 34 T12 CSL3 8,208 0.95 40 T12 CSL0 lm W lm/W W Rated Lamp CSL

8,071 1.18 25 T8 CSL5 7,680 1.00 28 T8 CSL5 7,696 0.88 32 T8 CSL5 8,040 1.00 30 T8 CSL4 7,524 0.88 32 T8 CSL4 8,130 1.00 32 T8 CSL3 7,366 0.88 34 T12 CSL3 8,483 0.87 40 T12 CSL3 8,921 1.18 32 T8 CSL2 7,987 0.87 40 T12 CSL2 7,830 0.87 40 T12 CSL1 7,920 0.88 40 T12 CSL1 7,603 0.88 40 T12 CSL0 8,208 0.95 40 T12 CSL0

Lamp and 

## 40W T12 Example Engineering Analysis System Results

108.0 Magnet 91.2 129.0 Magnetic 80.0 System Mean Light

Output System Power Ballast Factor Ballast Type Efficacy Nominal Wattage Diameter

93.0 Electronic 96.0 80.5 Electronic 97.3 87.5 Electronic 95.4 90.2 Electronic 95.0 87.5 Electronic 92.3 98.3 Electronic 90.8 91.7 Electronic 91.2 107.0 Electronic 90.0 114.5 Electronic 86.2 107.0 Electronic 85.0 107.0 Electronic 82.5 107.7 Electronic 82.5 107.7 Electronic 80.0 129.0 Magnetic 80.0 Lamp Only Replacement

Ballast Replacement Engineering Analysis

## General Service Fluorescent Lamp and Incandescent Reflector March 10-11, 2008 Lamp Energy Conservation Standard ANOPR Public Meeting

Engineering Analysis 

## Selection of Fluorescent Lamp-and-Ballast Designs and Candidate Standard LevelsDOE invites comments on the selection of GSFL lamp-andballast designs from baseline to max-tech as well as the selection of GSFL candidate standard levels.

Additional results can be found in Chapter 5 of the TSD.

37

Engineering Analysis 

## Scaling to Other Fluorescent Lamp Product Classes: Product Classes with CCT > 4500K  Scale from corresponding fluorescent product class with CCT ≤ 4500K  Efficacies of commercially available T8 lamps at 6500K are approximately 4% to 7% lower than that of the 4,100K lamps  To avoid overly penalizing current product offered in the market, DOE considers adopting the larger of the two scaling factors (7%)  Example: If 82.4 lm/W (i.e., CSL1) were selected for the 4-foot medium bipin product class of 4,500K CCT and below, the scaled efficacy requirement for the product class greater than 4,500K CCT would be 76.6 lm/W.

38

## General Service Fluorescent Lamp and Incandescent Reflector March 10-11, 2008 Lamp Energy Conservation Standard ANOPR Public Meeting

Engineering Analysis 

## Scaling to Other Fluorescent Lamp Product Classes: 2-Foot U-shaped with CCT ≤ 4500K  Scale from 4-foot medium bipin product class with CCT ≤ 4500K  Efficacy differentials in commercially available products depend on lamp diameter and wattage – U-shaped are approximately 3-6% lower efficacy  To avoid overly penalizing current product offered in the market, DOE considers adopting the larger of the two scaling factors (6%)


## DOE invites comments on the method used to scale to product classes with CCT > 4100K and the 2-foot U-shaped product class. (Issue #4) 39

Engineering Analysis 

## Baseline Models: Incandescent Reflector Lamps
 DOE has identified three common lumen packages that represent the most typical standard-spectrum IRL in the market  These three lamps are currently regulated by EPCA and meet the EPCA standard.
Descriptor Design Option Wattage W Efficacy lm/W Initial Light Output lm Lifetime hr PAR30 50 11.6 580 3,000 PAR38 Halogen 75 14.0 1,050 2,500 PAR38 90 14.6 1,310 2,500

40

## General Service Fluorescent Lamp and Incandescent Reflector March 10-11, 2008 Lamp Energy Conservation Standard ANOPR Public Meeting

Engineering Analysis 

## Select Efficacious IRL Substitutes  DOE chose IRL substitutes that save energy and achieve similar lumen output by increasing efficacy and using reduced-wattage lamps. e.g., 50W @ 12 lumens/watt ≈ 44W @ 14 lumens/watt  Used commercially available lamps when possible.  Three basic design options available commercially: 

# • Improved Halogen (3,000 hr life) 

# • Halogen Infrared (HIR) (3,000 hr life) 

# • Improved HIR (4,000 hr life) 

###  Improved Halogen and Improved HIR could be achieved using the following design options:



# • Higher efficiency filaments, efficient fila ment coiling, filament configuration, capsule design, high pressure capsules, or higher efficiency reflector coating.

41

Engineering Analysis 

## “Model” Incandescent Reflector Lamps  When commercially available lamps were not available, DOE developed model lamps to have a continuous range of lamp efficacies across the three lumen packages  Model lamps were developed from technical literature and confidential information from manufacturers  Model Lamps: 

# • 44.3W, 14.0 lm/W PAR30 lamp reduced-wattages of the 50W, 

# • 41.3W, 15.0 lm/W PAR30 lamp 11.6 lm/W PAR 30 baseline reduced-wattage of 90W, 

# • 66.0W, 19.8 lm/W PAR38 lamp 14.6 lm/W PAR38 baseline

42

## General Service Fluorescent Lamp and Incandescent Reflector March 10-11, 2008 Lamp Energy Conservation Standard ANOPR Public Meeting

43 

### 11.0 13.0 15.0 17.0 19.0 21.0

35 65 85 95 Lamp Power (W))

PAR38 90W Baseline 

## Incandescent Reflector Reduced Wattage Options Engineering Analysis



## DOE invites comment on the selection of IRL lamp designs from baseline to max-tech. 45 55 75Lamp Efficacy (lm/W

PAR38 75W Baseline PAR30 50W Baseline

Engineering Analysis 

## Incandescent Reflector CSLs  DOE developed continuous equations that set a minimum efficacy requirement across all wattages.  Each equation represents the same IRL design option across the wattage range of a product class.

Candidate Standard Level Minimum Efficacy Requirement Design Option lm/W CSL1 5.0*P 0.27 Improved Halogen CSL2 5.5*P 0.27 HIR CSL3 6.2*P 0.27 Improved HIR P = rated wattage

44

## General Service Fluorescent Lamp and Incandescent Reflector March 10-11, 2008 Lamp Energy Conservation Standard ANOPR Public Meeting

45 30 40 50 70 80 90 100 130 (W)/W) : Halogen ( : : : 

## Incandescent Reflector CSLs

DOE invites comment on whether the IRL candidate standard level represents the appropriate technology across all wattages. Engineering Analysis

10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 18.0 20.0 22.0

60 110 120 Lamp PowerLamp Efficacy (lm

Baseline EPCA CSL1 CSL2 CSL3

PAR30, 50W PAR38, 75W PAR38, 90W Baseline/EPCA 2,500-3,000 hr) CSL1 Improved Halogen (3,000 hr) CSL2 HIR (3,000 hr) CSL3 Improved HIR (4,000 hr)

Engineering Analysis 

## Scaling to Modified Spectrum Incandescent Reflector Lamps  DOE identified several IRL lamps with modified-spectrums andcompared their performance with standard (i.e., non modifiedspectrum) lamps.  The reduction in efficacy caused by the modified-spectrum ranged from 2% to 29% with an average reduction in efficacy of 15%.  DOE recognizes that those modified-spectrum lamps may have a distinct utility.  DOE wishes to establish a standard for modified-spectrum lamps that:



# • Does not eliminate modified-spectrum lamps which require a lower efficacy standard because of their distinct utility; and 

# • Acknowledges the ranges of spectrum m odification possible for IRL and their corresponding effects on efficacy
46

## General Service Fluorescent Lamp and Incandescent Reflector March 10-11, 2008 Lamp Energy Conservation Standard ANOPR Public Meeting

Engineering Analysis 

## Possible Scaling Method for Modified-Spectrum IRL  Modified spectrum scaling could be based on the light output of themodified spectrum lamp and an equivalent reference standardspectrum lamp  Reference standard-spectrum lamp would be equivalent to the modified spectrum lamp except for the coating of neodymium (or other additive) that causes the lamp to emit a modified-spectrum.  Equation: 

## lm Modified

− Spectrum 

## = CSL Modified

− Spectrum 

## lm S tan dard

− Spectrum 

## * CSL S tan dard

− Spectrum 

## DOE invites comments on the method used to scale from a standard-spectrum lamp to a modified-spectrum lamp. (Issue #4) 47

Product Price Determination 

## Product Price Determination Purpose  Establish end-user prices for those lamps or lamp-and-ballast systems identified in the engineering analysis. 

## Method  Product price determination is based on available pric ing lists (e.g., manufacturer price lists, state procurement price lists).  DOE discounted blue-book prices to develop high-range, mediumrange, and low-range end-user retail prices to reflect variability in the market.



# • Medium-range prices are used as reference prices in life-cycle cost and national impact analysis 

# • High and low-range prices are used as sens itivities in the life-cycle cost analysis. 

###  DOE developed a weighted-average sales tax data by region based on local data from Sales Tax Clearinghouse.



# • National average: 6.9% . 48

## General Service Fluorescent Lamp and Incandescent Reflector March 10-11, 2008 Lamp Energy Conservation Standard ANOPR Public Meeting

 

# • ( i.e. 

### 

 

# • Consistent wi ( ) 

###  

# • Consistent wi and institutional 

###  

# • Consistent wi 

## General Service Fluorescent Lamp Methodology Market Today Higher efficacy lamps received higher markups , lower discounts off the blue book price schedule) than lower efficacy lamps in the market. 

### DOE mirrored State procurement contracts by applying a constant discount across all lamps to reflect the commoditization of the product in marketplace after a standard. Low-Range Prices (high discount off “blue book”) th prices found in State procurement contracts and other sources which have a single high-volum e discount typically between 70-90% for all products. 

### Medium-Range Prices (mediu m discount off “blue book”) th the typical discount provided by distributors for commercial consumers on high-vo lume lamps, incorporating a 13% contractor mark-up (2000 Ballast Rule). 

### High-Range Prices (low discount off “blue book”) th prices encountered by small quantity purchasers (e.g., internet prices, distributor quotes). These prices also incorporate a 13% Product Price Determination

49

50 0 1 2 3 4 5) contractor mark-up.

Product Price Determination 32W T8 4-foot Medium Bipin Results



## DOE requests feedback on the approach for developing enduser GSFL prices. 84.0 86.0 88.0 90.0 92.0 94.0 96.0 Lamp Efficacy (lm/W)End-User Prices ($ 

## General Service Fluorescent Lamp End-User Price Results High-Range Medium-Range Low-Range

## General Service Fluorescent Lamp and Incandescent Reflector March 10-11, 2008 Lamp Energy Conservation Standard ANOPR Public Meeting

Product Price Determination 

## Incandescent Reflector Lamp Prices  DOE did not observe significant variation in prices by lamp wattage.  DOE did develop separate prices for PAR 38 and PAR 30 IRL.  Research indicated that the PAR 38 IRL market was a more developed market than the PAR 30 IRL market.  DOE developed discounts off of the blue-book prices for PAR 38 lamps. DOE then based the PAR 30 lamp prices off the PAR 38 analysis.

51

Product Price Determination 

## PAR 38 Incandescent Reflector Lamp Prices
 DOE mirrored state procurement contracts by applying a constant discount off the “blue-book” over all halogen and HIR technology IRL to reflect commoditization of the product in the marketplace after the standard.  Low-Range Prices (high discount off “blue book”) 

# • Consistent with prices found in State procurement 

###  Medium-Range Prices (mediu m discount off “blue book”) 

# • Consistent with shipment-weighted av erage prices paid by consumers for commonly available IRL. 

###  High-Range Prices (low discount off “blue book”) 

# • Consistent with prices encountered by small quantity purchasers (e.g., internet prices).

52

## General Service Fluorescent Lamp and Incandescent Reflector March 10-11, 2008 Lamp Energy Conservation Standard ANOPR Public Meeting

Product Price Determination 

## PAR30 Incandescent Reflector Lamp Prices  Research indicates that the PAR 30 market is less developed  Therefore, DOE developed modified list (“blue-book”) prices for PAR 30 lamps by applying the same incremental differences between incandescent (non-halogen) lamps and higher efficacy lamps from the PAR 38 lamps. Developing PAR 30 “Blue Book” Prices BR 40 Incandescent BR 30 PAR 38 Halogen PAR 30 PAR 38 Improved Halogen PAR 30 PAR 38 HIR PAR 30 PAR 38 Improved HIR PAR 30 

###  DOE then applied the same discounts off of the modified “blue book” prices to develop low, me dium and high-range prices.
53

54 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

13.0 15.0 16.0 17.0 18.0 20.0 (l) Hi Product Price Determination 

## Incandescent Reflector Lamp End-User Prices

DOE requests feedback on the approach for developing enduser IRL prices. 75W PAR38 Baseline Results

14.0 19.0 Lamp Efficacy m/W)End-user Prices ($ gh-Range Medium-Range Low-Range

## General Service Fluorescent Lamp and Incandescent Reflector March 10-11, 2008 Lamp Energy Conservation Standard ANOPR Public Meeting

55 

###  Product Classes (Issue #3)  
  

## ANOPR Issues for Public Comment Standards for Color Rendering Index Selection of Efficacious Lamp Substitutes and Candidate Standard Levels Scaling to Product Classes Not Analyzed (Issue #4) Approaches for Establishing End-user Prices