# PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATION Z: SPECIFICATIONS AND TEST PROCEDURES FOR HCl CONTINUOUS EMI SSION MONITORING SYSTEMS AT STATIONARY SOURCES

Revision 1.0 November, 2005EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This pe rform ance spe c ification d e scri b e s th e crit e r i a that a hy dro c hlo r i ca c id (HCl ) co n t inuou s emiss i on monitoring s y s t em (CEMS ) mus tmeet to be c o ns idered valid for EPA c o mplianc e and/or other reg u lat o ry ap plicatio ns. Ea ch HCl CEMS mu stmeett h e crit e r ia f o r a c cura cy , st abil i ty , and instru mental respon se l a i d out in thi s docum ent. In addition, each HCl CEMS mu st meet the installatio n re quire ment s in PS-Z.

iTA BLE OF CON T EN TS 1.0 USING PERFORMA NCE S PECIFICAT ION Z

....................................................................... 3 1.1 WHAT IS THE PURPOSE AND APPLICABILITY OF PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATIO N Z?

........................................................................................................ 3 1.2 WHAT WILL BE DIS CUSS E D IN PS-Z?

......................................................................... 3 1.3 WHAT A R E THE INSTALLATION AND PRE-PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATION TEST REQUIREME N TS?

................................................................... 4 1.4 WHAT SPECIAL DEFINI TIONS APPLY TO PS-Z?

........................................................ 5 2.0 INTERFE R E NCES, SAFETY, A ND EQUIPMENT RE QUIREME N TS

.................................. 8 2.1 WHAT DO I NEED TO KNOW TO ENSURE THE S A FETY OF PERSONS USING PS- Z?

.................................................................................................................. 8 2.2 WHAT EQUI PMENT AND SUPPLIES DO I NEED?

....................................................... 8 2.3 WHAT REGE NTS AND STANDA RDS DO I NEED?

...................................................... 9 3.0 PERFORMA NCE EVALUATION PR OCEDURES A ND R EPORTING

................................ 10 3.1 WHAT IS THE PURPOS E OF THE PERFORMA NCE SPECIFICATION TESTS AND WHAT IS RE QUIRE D TO PERFORM THE TESTS?

.............................. 10 3.2 HOW DO I REPORT THE RESULT S OF THE I N ITIAL PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATION TEST?

............................................................................................... 13 4.0 PERFORMA NCE CRITERIA AND CALCUL ATIONS

.......................................................... 15 4.1 WHAT A R E THE PERFORMANCE CRITERIA FOR MY HCl CEMS?

......................... 15 4.2 WHAT CA LCULATIONS, EQUATIONS, AND DATA ANALYS ES ARE NEEDED?

...................................................................................................................... 16 5.0 OTHE R REQUIREMENTS AND INFORM ATION

................................................................ 23 5.1 WHAT QUALITY CONTROL MEASURES ARE RE QUIRED?

..................................... 23 5.2 WHAT CA LIBRATION AND STA NDA RDIZATION P R OCEDURE S MUST I PERFORM ?

................................................................................................................... 23 5.3 WHAT P O LLUTION PRE VENTION P R OCEDURE S MUST I FOLLOW? [RESERVED ]

................................................................................................................. 23 5.4 WHAT REFE RENCE TABLES AND FI GURES ARE RELEVANT TO PSYY?

.................................................................... ERRO R ! BO OKM A R KN O T DEFINE D
. 6.0 RELEVANT RE FERE NCES

................................................................................................. 26

Table 1. Perf orma nce Spe c ificatio n Test Calibration G a s Rang es Figure 1. Dynamic Spi k in g Overview

ii1.0 USING PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATI O N Z

1.1 WHAT IS THE PURPOSE AND APPLICABI LITY OF PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATION Z? The pu rpo s e of Performa n c e Spe c ificati on Z (PS-Z ) is to establi s h the initial perf o rma n ce req u irem ents for evaluating th e acceptability of a HCl CEMS. Such app lication s may include, (1) inst rume nt, method or pro c ed ure cal i bration, an d (2) evaluatio n or certification for in itial acceptance. 1.1.1 Applica t ion
This specifi c ation is for ev aluating the acceptability of a HCl CE MS at t he tim e of installati on and during perio dic qu ali ty assura nce che c ks. PS-Z appli e s to y ou if you will be u s in g a HCl CEMS to demon strate compli an ce with a regulato r y HCl or HCl/ Cl 2 emission stand ard. 1.1.2 Measure men t Cap a b i l i t i e s The HCl CE MS must be cap able of m easurin g HCl con c e n tratio ns in the u n its of the ap plicabl e sta nda rd or in units tha tcan be conv erted to units of the applica b le stan dard. 1.1.3 Othe r Monitoring If your HCl CEMS is ca pa ble of re porti ng the HCl concent ratio n i n the unit s of the existing regulatio n, n o addition al mo nitoring is ne ce ssary. If y our HCl CEM S doe s n o t re port con c e n trations, i n the units of the existing stan dard, t hen ot her monito rin g (e.g., oxy gen, tempe r at ure, a nd pre s sure ) are n e ce ssary to conve rt the units rep o rte d by your CEM S to the units of the standa rd.
1.2 WHAT WILL BE DISCUSSED IN PS-Z?
PS-Z cove rs tw o ba si c topi cs: (1) the in strument requi reme nts for a n HCl CEMS and (2) the re quire ment s that each HCl CEMS must meet duri ng the perfo rma n c e spe c ificati on test.
1.2.1 Instrumen tRequire ments The HCl CE MS must be able to a c curately repo rt conc entratio n s of HCl in sta ck effluent. It may do so b y extracting a repre s e n tative sam p le (path or p o int sam p ling may be use d if the sa mp le i s re pre s entative) of stack effluent and analyzi n g the effluent to provide an output pro p ortional to th e HCl con c e n tration. The CEMS ope rat i ng ra nge (ze ro to span ) should e n com pas s the re sp onse of the HC l CEMS for all expecte d HCl con c e n trations, in clud ing the ap plicabl e emi ssi on limit. The CEMS must have a syst em re spo n se time that i s le ss than or eq ual to tw o mi nutes. Fina lly , the in strum e nt or ope rato r mu st be able to pe rform daily calib rati on drift tests, quarte rly cali brat ion e r ror t e sts, an d ann ual accu ra cy tests.

31.2.2 Performanc e Specifica tion Test The p u rpo s e of the pe rfo r man c e spe c ification te st is to esta blish the accu ra cy, preci s ion, bia s , an d system response time of the HCl CEMS. Specifically , the following will be either tested or documented a s part of the p e r forma n ce sp ecification te st requi reme nts liste d in Se ction s 3.0 a n d 4.0 of this d o cum ent: (1 ) data rec o rder sc ale, (2) daily c a libration drift, (3) ins t allation and me as urement location, (4) c a libration drift tes t, (5) c a libration error tes t, (6) s y s t em res pons e time, (7) s t ratification tes t, (8) acc u rac y determi nation

. 1.3 WHAT ARE THE INSTALLATION AND PRE-PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATI O N TEST REQUI R EME N TS? 1.3.1 Installation Require ments The sampli n g location of the HCl CEM S shoul d be dow nstream of all pollutio n co ntrol e q u i pment at a positio n whe r e th e HCl con c e n tration is directly r epre s e n tative or can be co rrecte d so a s to be rep r e s entativ e of total e m issi on s fro m the statio nary sou r ce. It is re co mmend ed th at the sa mpl i ng locatio n be at lea s t two eq uivalent dia m eters do wn str eam of th e n eare s t cont rol devices, p o i n t of pollutio n gene ration, b end, o r other point at whi c h a cha nge in pollutant con c e n tration or flow di stu r ban ce may occur. The sampling lo cat i on is also re comm end ed to be at least a half equivalent diamete r upst r e a m from the exh aust o r control device. The eq uivalentdiamete r is cal c ulate d according 40 CFR Part 6 0 , Appendix A, Method 1, Se ction 2.1 I

. Either point o r path sa mpli ng may be used. For poi nt samplin g the measu r em en t point should be no less than 1.0 met e r from the st ack o r d u ct wall or lo cated ov er th e cen t roidal are a o f the sta c k o r du ct cro s s se ction. For a path sampli ng CEMS the effective measu rem ent p a th sho u ld be (1) totally wit h in the inne r area b oun de d by a line 1.0 meter from the stack or duc t wall, or (2) have at le ast 70 pe rce n t of the path within the inn e r 50 p e rcent of the stac k diamet e r or d u ctc ro ss se ct ion, or (3 ) be centrally locat ed over a n y part of the ce ntroidal a r e a
. The sample collectio n and i n stru mental a nalyze r po rtio ns of your HCl CEMS ma y be locate d any distan ce from the sa mpling p o int provide d th e tran smi ssi o n efficien cy from the sam p ling p o int to the sampl e colle ction poi nt can be det ermin ed a nd meets th e crit eria outlined l a ter in thi s p e rform a n c e specifi c ation. It is also re comm end ed that the sa mpling pro b e for the HCl CEMS b e l o cate d at p o int witho u t stratification (se c tion 3.1.5).

41.3.2 Referen ce M e thod M easu rement Lo ca tion
You must sel e ct, as a ppro p riate, an a c ce ssi ble refe rence metho d (RM ) mea s u r eme n t point at least two equivalent di ameters downstre a m from the ne arest control d e vice, the poi nt of pollutant g eneration, o r other p o int at which a ch a nge in the po llutant con c e n tration o r e m issi on rate may occur, a nd at least a half eq uivale nt diamete r upstream fro m the efflue nt exhau st or cont rol d e vice. Wh e n poll u tant con c e n tration cha nge s a r e due solely to diluent le a k ag e ( e.g. , ai r heate r lea k age s) a nd p o llutants a n d diluent s a r e simultan eou sl y measured at the same l o ca tio n , a h a lf diamete r m a y be u s e d i n lieu of two equivalent di ameters. Th e CEMS an d RM lo catio n s nee d n o t be th e sam e . If dynam ic spi k ing i s employed to determi ne th e system accura cy, bias, a nd pr eci s io n, the spi k in g of the cali bratio n ga s mu st encompa ss the sam p ling system of the HCL CEMS. 1.3.2.1 Refe renc e Metho d Trav erse Points Select traverse points tha tassure a c q u isition of re pre s entative sampl e s over the sta c k o r du ct cro s sse ction. The minimum req u irem ents are as foll ows: Establish a " m eas urement line" that pa sse s thro ugh the centroidal area an d in the dire cti on o f any expected stratificatio n . If this line interferes with the CEMS measurement s, displa ce th e line u p to 3 0 cm (12 in. ) (or 5 pe rcent of the equival ent diam eter of the cro ss se ction, whi c hever is le ss) from t he cen t roidal area. Locate three tr averse point s at 16.7, 50.0, and 83.3 percent of th e mea s u r em ent line. If the mea s u r em ent li ne i s lon ger tha n 2.4 meters (7.8 ft) and polluta n t stratification i s not exp e ct ed, the three traverse p o i n ts may b e l o cate d on th e line at 0.4, 1.2, and 2.0 meters from t he sta c k or d u ct wall. Thi s optio n mu st not be u s ed after wet scru bbers o r at p o ints whe r e two stream s with different pollutantcon c entration s are combi ned. Other traverse points ma y be sele cte d , provide d t hat they can be sh own to the sati sfa c tion of the Administrator to provide a rep r e s entat ive sample o v er t he st a c kor du ctcro ss se ct ion. Con d u c tall necessa ry RM test s withi n 3 cm (1.2 i n .) of th e tra v erse poi nts, but n o clo s e r than 3 cm (1.2 in.) to the st ac k o r du ctwall.

1.4 WHAT SPECIAL DEFINITI ONS APPLY TO PS-Z?
Calibration Drift: The differen c e in th e CEMS outpu t rea d ing s fro m the esta bli s he d referen c e val ue after a stated pe rio d of operatio n during whi c h no unsch edu led mainten a n ce o r adju s t m ent took pla c e.

Calibra tion Error: The mean differe nce between the con c e n tration i ndi cat ed by th e CEMS and th e kno w n con c e n tration ge ne rated by a ca libration sou rce at three le vels whe n the entire CEM S , including the sam p ling interface is challen ged. A CE test i s p e rform ed to d o cum ent the accuracy a n d linearity of the CEMS over the ent ire measurement range. 5Cen t roidal Area: me an s a con c ent ri c a rea t hatis geo met r ic allysim ilar t o t he st a ck o r du ctcro ss se ct ion and is n o gre a ter than 1 p e rcent of the stack o r du ct cro s s-se ction a l area.

Con t inuous Emission Monitoring Sy stem : me an s the total e qui pment requi red for the d e termin ation of a gas con c en tration or emi ssi on rate. The sam p le interface, pollut ant analyze r , diluent analyz er, and data recorder a r e t he majo r su b s ystem s of the CEMS.
Correla tion Coe fficien t: determi ne s the extent of a linea r rela ti onship betwe en two field s over a given perio d of time.
Data Record er: Th e po rtion of the CE MS that provi des a re co rd of analyze r o u tput, flags which in dicate norm a l ope ra tion, and flag s indi cating a bnormal op eration. The d a ta re corde r may record o t her pe rtinent data su ch a s effluent flow rates, and vari ous in stru me nt temperatu res.

Diluent Anal y z er: mean s that portion of the CEMS t hat sen s e s the diluent ga s (i .e. O 2 ) and g enerates an output pro p o rtional to the gas con c entration.

D y namic Sp iking: a p rocedure u s ed t o do cume nt the a ccu ra cy, pre c isi on, a nd bia s of th e monitori ng system by qu antitatively sp iking a certifie d gas into the pollutant ga s stream.
High-lev e l drift: mea n s the absol ute differen c e be tween a hig h
- level cali brat ion gas a nd the monitor respon se, in units of the a pplicable stan dard.

Instrumen tMeasure men t Ran g e : The range of HCl con c entratio n s t he in stru ment can reli ably measure from the lowe st con c e n trati on to the high est. Intercept: value of the Y variabl e wh en the X variable is equal to zero. Linear Regression : a m e thodol ogy u s ed to find a formula th at can be u s e d to relate tw o variable s that are line a rly re lated. Path Sampling CEMS : A CEMS that sample s the source efflue nt along a path greate r tha n 10 pe rcent of the equivale n tdiameter of the sta ck o r d u ct cro ss se ction.
Point Sampling CEMS : A CEMS that sample s the source effluent at a single p o int.

6Pollutant An alyz er: mean s that portion of the CEMS that sense s the polluta nt gas an d generates a n output pro p o rtional to the gas con c entration.

Relativ e Ac curacy (RA) : mea n s the absolute m ean differen c e between t he ga s con c entration or emission rate determin ed by the CE MS and the value determi ned by t he Reference Method (RM), plu s the 2.5 perce nt erro r confi den ce coeffici ent of a seri e s of tests, divi ded by the m ean of the RM tests o r the appli c able e m issi on limit.
Resp onse Ti me: T he tim e interval between th e start of a step cha nge i n th e system i nput an d when the pollutant an al yzer outp u t re ach ed 95% of the final value.
Sample Interface: Th e po rtion of the CEMS used fo r one or mo re of the follo wing: sampl e acq u isition, sampl e tran sport, sam p le con d itioning, or protectio n of the monitor from the effects of sta ck g a s. Slope: The rate of chan ge of Y relative to the cha nge in X. Stratifi cation : mean s th e cha nge in effluent con c entration in a duct, ove r time wh en comp arin g a referen c e me asu r em ent (centroid of du ct ) to traverse d sampli ng concentratio n s.
Zero drift: m ean s the a b solute differen c e b e twe en a high -level cal i bration ga s a nd the m onito r re sp on se, in units of the applicable standa rd.

72.0 INTERFE R E NCES, SAFE TY, AND EQ UIPMENT R E QUIREME N TS

2.1 WHAT DO I NEED TO KNOW TO ENS URE THE SAFETY OF P E RSONS USING PS-Z? People usi n g PS-Z may be expo se d t o ha za rdo u s materi al, op eration a l h a zard s, an d h a z ardou s site con d ition s . P S -Z do es not address all th e safety issue s a s so ciated with its use. I tis you r resp onsi b ility to ensure th e safety of persons u s in g PS-Z. Some he lpful referen c es may in clu de the CEMS manual, the CEMS manuf acturer, othe r refere nce me thod s, and o n -site safety regulatio ns.
2.2 WHAT EQUIPMENT AN D SUPPLIES DO I NEED? 2.2.1 Equipment for the CEMS
1. Sample Extraction Sy stem: T h is po rtion of th e CEMS must prese n t a sam p le of sou rce effluent to the sam p ling mo dule that i s di rectly rep r e s e n tative or can be corre c ted so as to b e rep r e s entativ e of sou r ce. The sam p le extraction sy stem typically co nsi s ts of a sam p le pro b e and a he ated umbilical line.
2. Pressure Re gulation M o dule: The pressure reg u la tion mod u le i s d e si gned to rem o ve b o th free p a rti c ula t es a nd wate r-solu ble a e rosol s fr om th e ga s stre a m pri o r to a nalysi s by th e sampli ng mo dule. Thi s module also provide s a sample g a s to the analyzer at a con s ta nt pre s sure (opti onal).
3. Analy s is mo dule: The p o rtion of the CEMS that quan tita tes stack g a s con c entrations of HCl.
4. Diluent Module: Thi s portion of the CEMS quantifi e s st ack ga s con c e n tration s of oxyge n o r CO 2 . For systems with a multi-co mp onent analyz er, the sam e an alyze r q uantifies the con c e n tration of all measu red analyte s
. 5. Sy stem Con t roller: Thi s portio n of t he CEMS provi des co ntrol of the a n alyzer, sam p l e prob e, pre s su re re gulatio n module a nd the sam p le int e rface.
6. Data record er : You r HCl CEMS mu st be a b le to re cord HCl con c entration s a nd in stru men t status sign als (flags).
2.2.2 Equipment Specifica tions The CEMS d a ta record er output ran ge must i n cl ude zero and a hi gh-level valu e. The rang e of the data recorder an d the me asurement ran g e of the HCl CEMS will b e do cum ente d . Th e hig h -level value i s cho s e n by the sou r ce own e r or o perator and is defin e d as follo ws:
8F o r an HC l CEMS in s t a lled to me as ur e c o n t ro lle d emi ssi on s o r e m issi on s that are in co mpli ance with an appli c able re gulation, the high-l e vel val ue shoul d b e at lea s t 1.5 times the em issi on stand a r d level and encompa ss the HCl co nce n tration leve l s expe cted b ythe proce ss. The CEMS desi gn sho u l d also allo w the dete r min a ti on of calib ration drift at the zero an d high -level values. In sp ecial ca se s, the Admini stra tor may approve a singl e-point cali br ati on-d r ift determination.
2.3 WH AT REGE NTS A ND STAN D A R D S D O I NEED? 2.3.1 Referen ce G ases, Ga s Cells, or Optic a l Filters See Table 1 f o r refe ren c e gas con c e n tration ran g e s
.

93.0 PERFO RMA NCE EVAL U ATIO N PROCEDURES AND REPORTING

3.1 WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF THE PERFORM ANCE SPECIFICATION TESTS AND WHAT IS REQUI R ED TO PERFORM THE TESTS?
T h e pu rp os e o f th e pe r f or ma nc e sp ec ific a t io n tes t s is to dete r m i ne the accu racy, preci s io n, bia s , an d s y s t em respons e time of the HCl CEMS.
3.1.1 Pretes t Prep aration
Prior to the start of your in itial perfo rma n ce sp ecifi c a t ion test s, you mu st be su re that th e HCl CEMS i s installed according to the specificat ions laid out in this document. After installing the HCl CEMS, it is recommended you use the CEMS for a peri od of time to familiarize yourself with its ope ration. It is also recommend t hat you conduct daily chec ks of the zero and hi gh-level drift, conduct a calibrati on error test, and co ndu ct a calib ration drift che ck to verify that th e instrum ent is functioni ng prope rly. When you are confid ent tha tthe in stru ment i s p e rf ormin g satisf ac torily it is time to pre pare for the pe rform a n c e spe c if ic at ion t e st s. 3.1.2 Data Re cord er Scale Che ck The range of the data recorder a nd the measurement range of the HCl CEMS will be docum e nted. T he CEMS ope rat i ng ran ge (ze ro to spa n ) a nd the ran g e of the data recorder sho u ld encomp a ss b o th the respon se of the HCl CEM S for all expected HCl co n c entration s a nd the appli c able emi ssi on limit. 3.1.3 Calibra tion Drift Che ck The HCL CEMS must pe rform a calib rat i on ch eck at l eas t on ce p e r day. Certified gases m u st be use d to perform the zero and high -l evel drift checks. All data will be recorded. 3.1.4 Installation a nd Measu re ment Loc ati on Che ck
The install a tion location of the HCL CEMS must adh ere to se ction 1.3.1 of this document. In addition, the locatio n of an y referen c e m e thod testin g mustadh ere to se ction 1.3. 2 of this docu m ent. 3.1.5 Stratifi cation Test The stratification test mu st be condu cted whe n the facility is op erating duri n g norm a l op eration. Th e purpose of this tes tis to verify that e x c e ss s t ra tification of the target pollut ant doe s not exist a the sampli ng poi nt of the monitoring sy stem

. To dete r min e whethe r effl uent stratifica tion exist s , a dual pro be sy stem sho u ld be u s e d to d e termin e the averag e effluent con c ent ra tion while me asu r em ents a t each traverse point are being ma de. One prob e, 10locate d at th e sta c k or du ct ce ntroi d , is u s ed as a stationa ry ref e ren c e point to indicate chang e in th e effluent con c entration ove r time. The seco nd p rob e is u s ed fo r sa mpling at the traverse poi nts spe c ifie d in Method 1. The traverse poi nts a re sam p led f o r five minut es at ea ch point. You may test for stratification at the HCl CE MS sa mp ling point by usi n g eithe r vel o citytests as de scribe d in Me thod 2 II , HCl con c e n tration s u s ing M e th ods 2 6 o r 26 A, or an a c ce ptable alte rna t ive (i.e. CO or Nox) A mi nimum of 12 sampli ng poi nts will be u s ed, with 6 sa mpling poi nts along ea ch o f the two traverses.

3.1.6 Se v e n-da y Calibration Dr ift Tes t
The seven-day cali bration drift te st must be conducted when the fac ility is operating during norm al operation. T he pu rpo s e of this te st is to verify th at the in stru ment op erat i on is sta b le. Du ring th e calib ration dri ft test peri od you mu st det ermin e the m agnitud e of t he zero calib ration drift an d the hi ghlevel calibrati on drift at least once each day. During the stability tests no adjust m ents or cali brations may be made to the CEMS. If periodi c aut omatic o r ma nual adju s tm ents are mad e to the CEMS zero a n d high-l e vel cali bration settings, con d u c t the CD test i mm ediately b e fore the s e a d justme nts, o r con d u c t it in su ch a way that the CD ma y also be det ermin ed.
The calib ratio n drift will be determi ned at the zero and high -level va lue of the HCl CEMS. Intro duce to the C E MS th e re fe r e nc e ga se s, g a s c e lls , or o p t ica l filte rs (the se ne ed not be certifie d) fo r th e ze ro an d high level value s
. Re cord th e CEMS respon se and subtra ct thi s value from t he referen c e value. T h e calib ration g a s co ncentrati ons a r e p r ovi ded in Tabl e 1. 3.1.7 Calibra tion Error The HCL CEMS will be chall enged t h ree non-consecutive ti mes with zero, mid-level, and high-level certified HCL gases (Tabl e 1). The cyl i nder gases need not be EPA Protocol 1 gases. The calibration gases will be inje cted i n to the sample system a s clo s e to the sa mpling probe outlet a s pra c tical an d will pass throug h all CEMS comp one nts use d du ring norm a l monit o ring. T he differen c e b e tween th e instrument response and t he reference value (certified gas) will be cal c ulated af ter each i n jection and the resulting three differences will be averaged to determi ne the CE at each measurement point. 3.1.8 Sy stem Res ponse Time
Introduce zero gas int o the analyzer. When the sy stem output has stabilized (no change greater than 1 percent of full scale for 30 se c), i n trod uce an up scal e calib ration ga s a nd wait fo r a stable valu e. Record the time (up s cale re spo n se time) re qui red to rea c h 9 5 perce nt of the final sta b le value. Next, reintrodu ce the ze ro g a s and wait for a stable rea d in g before reco rd ing th e resp onse time (do w n s cale resp onse time). Rep eat the entire p r o c e d u re th ree tim e s a nd d e termine the m e an up scale a nd do wn scal e re spo n se times. The sl owe r or lo nge r of the two mean s is the sy stem re sp on se time.
11Calib ration g a s ra nge s fo r the re spo n se time te st a r e provid ed i n Ta ble 1. If usi n g a m u lti-co mpo nent analyzer, the respon se tim e can b e ba s ed on any an alyte measu red by the CEMS. 3.1.9 CEMS Acc u ra c y The a c cura cy of the HCl CEMS shall be d e te rmin e d by p e rformi ng eit her a relativ e accu ra cy determi nation or by dynami cspi k in g. 3.1.9.1 Relativ e Acc u rac y (RA) Conduct the RA test while the affect ed facility is operating during norm a l operation, or as specified in an appli c able su bpart. The RA test may be cond ucte d d u ring the CD test perio d. Referen c e M e thod s (RM ) . Unless otherwise sp ecified in an applicable sub part of the regulatio ns, Method s 26 or 26A, or th eir ap prove d alternative s , ar e the reference metho d s for HCl. Other referen c e method s for moistu re, oxygen, etc. maybe necessa ry. Sampling Strategy for RM Test s . Condu ct the RM test s in su ch a way that they will yield re sults rep r e s entativ e of the emission s from th e sou r ce and c an b e co rrel a ted to the CEMS data. It is preferable to con d u c t the diluent (if a pplicable ) , m o isture (i f n e eded ), and p o llutant mea s urem ents sim u ltaneo usly. Ho wever, dil uent an d m o isture me a s ureme n ts t hat are ta ken within a n hou r of the poll u tant measurement s may be u s ed to cal c ul a t e dry polluta nt con c ent rat i on and emission rate s. In ord e r to correl ate the CEMS and RM data prope rly, note the begin n ing a n d end of ea ch RM test p e r iod of ea ch run (in c lu ding the exact tim e of day ) on the CEMS ch art recording s o r othe r p e rmanent re co rd of output. For integ r ate d sam p les m a ke a sam p le traverse of at least 21 minutes, sam p ling for an equal time at each traverse point.
Numb er of RM Tests . Condu ct a minimum of nine sets of all ne cessary RM test run s
. NOTE : Mo re than ni ne set s of RM te sts may be perf o rme d . If this option i s cho s en, a maxim u m of three sets of the te st re sults ma y be reje cted so lo ng a s t he total num ber of te st re sults used to determi ne th e RA is greater than or eq ual to nine. However, a ll data must be repo rted, incl u d in g the reje cted data. Correl ation o f RM and CEMS Data

. Correl ate the CEMS and the RM test data as to the time and duratio n by f i rst d e termini ng from th e CEMS final output (th e o ne u s ed fo r repo rting ) th e integrated averag e poll u tant con c e n t ration or em issi on rate fo r each pollut ant RM test perio d. Con s ide r syste m respon se tim e , if important , and co nfir m that the pair of results a r e on a con s iste nt moisture, tempe r ature, and dil uent concentratio n basi s . T hen, com p a r e e a c h inte grated CEMS valu e again s t the correspon ding averag e RM value. If the RM h a s an in tegrated sam p ling te chni q ue, ma ke a di rect com p a r ison of the RM results an d CEMS integrat ed avera ge value.

12Cal c ulate th e mean differe nce between the RM and CEMS value s in the u n its of the emi ssi on sta nda rd, the stand ard deviation, the confide n ce coefficient, an d the relative accuracy a c cording to th e pro c e dures in Section 4.0

. 3.1.9.2 D y namic Spiking Dynami cspiking can b e u s ed in lie u of the Relative Accura cy dete r mination a s a n altern ative method fo r documentin g the a c cura cy, pre c i s ion, a nd bi as of th e HCl CEMS . Figure 1 provides an ov erview of the dynamic spi k i ng arrangem ent. Cond uct the dynamic spiking test while the aff e cted facility is operating durin g no rmal operatio n. While the HCl CEMS is sa mpling flue g a s, HCl stan dard g a s is i n trodu ce d into the HCl CEMS sample interface by u s ing a ma ss flow co ntrolle r (o r e quivale nt device). T he ta rget rati o of a c tual flu e ga s to the HCl stand ard gas i s 9:1, but must be ke pt at a minimum ratio of 1: 1. The HCl concentratio n is qua ntitate d by the HCl CEMS. One mi nute ave r ag e d value s , in u n it s of p p m correcte d to d r yness an d 7 % oxygen, are colle cted. All data sho u ld be archived.
An elem ent o f oppo rtunity shall be u s ed to cal c ulate the dil u tion of the dyna mica lly spi k ed HCl refe ren c e gas (represe n ts the a c tual HCL refe re n c e g a s co nce n tration ) . Th e elem e n t of oppo rtunity is an an alyte, whi c h would norm a lly be pre s ent in th e flue ga s at steady con c entration s. Ex amples of pro s pe ctive element s of opportu nity would be O 2 , NOx, S O 2 , CO 2 , or moisture. This an alyte is measure d , downstream of the HCL CEMS, usi ng a certified reference CEMS. In addition, a calib rated L a mina r Flo w Element (flo w a s an ele m ent of opp ortunity) can be u s ed as a se con dary i n dicato r fo r ca lculatin g the dynamically spi k ed HCl concentratio n (re pre s e n ts t he referen c e HCl con c ent ration). Whil e the Lami n a r Flo wElem ent is mai n ly for ve rification of the dynamic spi k in g system ope ra tion, the use of flow a s an element of o p portunity can be u s ed to ca lculate th e co nce n tration of the HCl dy namic spi k e. In additio n , t he b a seline HCl con c ent ration (no r mal HCL con c en tration of the st ack effluent without HCL spi k ing ) shall be dete r min ed. The b a seline HCl co n c entration i s based u pon a se rie s of 1 0 , one-minut e averag ed dat a points. Baselin e data must be coll ect ed imm edi ately prior to each test ru n. The data points mu st inclu de the HCl co ncentra t i on, element of opportu nity con c ent ratio n (s) an d the flow re co rde d by the laminar flow eleme n t. It is recom m ende d that a site-spe cific standa rd op erating p ro c e dure, for the dynamic spi k i ng exercise, be pre p a r ed and u s ed a s gui da nce for the dynami cspikin g accu ra cy test.

3.2 HOW DO I REPORT THE RESULTS OF TH E INITIAL PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATION TEST?

13Summariz e the res u lts of the c a libration drift, c a librati on error, res p onse time, s t ratific a tion, and acc u rac y tests in tabu lar form. Includ e all dat a she e ts, ca lculatio ns, a nd re co rd s of CEMS measure m ent s necessa ry to sub s tantiate t he pe rform a n c e of the CE MS and any other d e vice s or metho d s (e.g., method 26A). The CEMS measu rements shall be rep o rte d to the agen cy in units of pp mv, on a dry basi s
.

144.0 PERFO RMA NCE C R ITER IA AN D C A L CUL ATIO NS

4.1 WH AT ARE THE PERFO RMA N C E C R I TERIA FO R MY HCl CEM S ?
You mu st de monst r ate tha tyour HCl CE MS has ade q uat e preci s io n, accu racy, sy st em re spo n se t i me an d data reporting capabilities to determi ne if your facility is in com p li anc e with HCl emi ssi on standards or operating pe rmit limits as spe c ifi ed in applicable regulatio ns o r permits. You will dem o n strate thi s cap a city by showi ng that your HCl CEM S meets the followin g pe rforma nce crite r ia.
4.1.1 Data Re cord er Scale
The me asure m ent ra nge o f the HCL CE MS, and the data reco rd er scale, mu st encompa ss t he expe cted HCL co ncentrations a s well as the appli c able emi ssi on limit. 4.1.2 Calibra tion Drift The daily ze ro and high -le v el calibration drift is 5% of the instru men tspan. Zero and high -leve l calibration drifts shall b e adj uste d, at a mini mu m, whe neve r the 2 4 -h ou r ze ro drift e x ceed s th e l i mits of the calib ration dri ft specifi c atio n. The a m o unt of exce ss zero an d hi gh-level drift measured at the 24 -hou r interval ch ecks will be recorde d . S e cti on 4.2 p rov id es th e equ ations for calcul ating the zero an d high
level calibrati on drifts. 4.1.3 Installation a nd Measu re ment Loc ati on The in stallation req u ireme n ts and m e a s ureme n t locati on of the HCL CEMS will m eet the spe c ificatio n s outlined in se ction 3.1.1 an d 3.1.2 of this docum ent. 4.1.4 Stratifi cation Test
The stratificat i on in th e sta c k or du ct, at the mea s u r e m ent lo cation , must b e le ss than or eq ual to a 1 0 percent between th e ave rage co ncentrati on in the d u ct o r sta c k a nd the con c e n tration at an y point mo re than 1.0 m e ter form the duct o r stack wall. Se cti on 4.2.2 pro v ides the eq uation fo r ca lculatin g th e stratification of the stack o r duct. 4.1.5 Se v e n-da y Calibration Dr ift Tes tCrite r ia The daily ze ro and hig h -level drift each mu st be le ss than 5 % of the in strum ent spa n for seven con s e c utive d a ys. See Section 4.2.2 for the equation s used to det ermin e the ze ro and hi gh -le v el drift.

154.1.6 Calibra tion Error Test
The me an dif f eren ce between the CEM S and the ref e ren c e value s , at all three test level s , must b e n o greate r than 5% of span. See Section 4.2.3 for t he equatio n use d to determin e the calib rati on error. 4.1.7 Resp onse Ti me Test
The CEMS resp on se time sh all not excee d 2.0 min to a c hieve 9 5 pe rcent of the final stab le value. I f usin g a multi
- co mpo nent analyzer, the re spo n se ti me can be b a se d o n a n y analyte m e a s ured by the CEMS. 4.1.8 Relativ e Acc u rac y The RA of the CEMS must not be gr eater than 20% of the mean value of the re feren c e meth od (RM ) test data, o r n o t greate r th an 10% i n terms of the e m issi on stan dard (ppmv, dry), o r have an ab solute differen c e of less than 5 ppmv betwee n the mean referen c e val ue and th e mean CEMS value. See Section 4.2.5 for the equati ons u s e d to determi n e the relative accu racy of your CEMS. 4.1.9 D y namic Spiking Dynami c ally spi k ing may b e used i n lieu of a relative accuracy te st as a me an s t o do cum ent the a c curacy, pre c isi on, an d bias of the HCl CEMS.
The criteria fo r the HCl dynamic spiki ng i s :

• The co rrelatio n coeffici ent, r, must be g reater than o r equal to 0.90

• The slo pe mu st be 1.0, +/- 0.15

• The Intercept must be equ al to or less than 15% of the instrume nt span.
See Section 4.2.8 for equ ations to dete r mine the lin e a r co rrelation coeffici ent, the slop e and t he intercept

.
At a minim u m, the d a ta set mu st me et the co rrelati on coeffici ent . If this is no t met, the dynamic spi k ing pro c ed ure m u st be rep eat ed until the co rrelation coe fficient crite r i a is met. If the HCl CEM S has m e t the correl ation co efficient re qui reme nt, but does n o t meet ei ther the sl ope, or inte rcept crite r ia, a bias exist s and a co rrecti on facto r mu st be appli ed t o the HCl CE MS for data collectio n. Th e equ ation s to dete r mine the corre c ted value a r e provided in Se ction 4.2.8.1. The corre c tion fa ctor mu st be ap plied to the HCl CEMS one -minute avera ge data until a new dyna mic spi k in g p rocedu re indi cate s the sp ecific bi as no longe r exists, or, a differen tcorrecti o n factor (bia s) is i ndicated.

4.2 WHAT CAL CULATIONS, EQUATION S , AND DATA ANALYSES ARE NEE D E D ?
164.2.1 Arithme t ic M ean Cal c ulate the arithmeti cme an of a data set as follows: 

# ∑ = i 

### x n x 1 (Equa tion 1)

whe r e :



### x = Arithmetic me an

n = Numb er of da ta points

x

i = Value of each data point

4.2.2 DailyUpscal e and Zero Drift
CD =( ⎪ R - A ⎪ / S ) * 100 (Equa tion 2)
whe r e: CD = Percent cali bration drift (%), R = Referen c e va lue of zero or high level calibration g a s in trodu ced into the monitori ng sy stem (p pmv), A = Ac tual monitor res p onse to c a libration gas (ppmv), S = Span of the instru ment (p pmv).

4.2.3 Calibra tion Error
CE = ⎪ d av g / S ⎪ * 100 (Equa tion 3)
whe r e: CE = Percent cali brat ion er ror (% ), d av g = Mean differen c e betwee n CEMS resp on se and the kno w n refe re nce gas (ppmv), S = Span of the monitor (ppm v).

174.2.4 Mean Di ffere nce Cal c ulate the arithmeti cme an differen c e as follo ws: 

# ∑ = i avg 

### d n d 1 (Equa tion 4)

whe r e : d avg = Arithmetic me an of differen c e s

n = Number of data s e ts
di = differen c e of each data set
And

i i i 

### y x d

− = (Equa tion 5)
whe r e :

x i = Value at data set x yi = Value at data set y

4.2.5 Relativ e Acc u rac y The RA for th e monitors wil l be cal c ulate d usin g the le ast re stri ctive of equation 6 or equatio n 7 : RA = ( ⎪ d av g ⎪ + ⎪ CC ⎪ ) (Equa tion 6)
or RA = (( ⎪ d avg ⎪ + ⎪ CC ⎪ ) / TM av g ) * 100 (Equa tion 7)
whe r e: RA = Relative a c cu racy, eithe r p e rcent or p p m v or % abso l ute, d av g = Arithmetic m ean of differe nce s b e twe e n value me asured by the i n stalle d CEM S and the referen c e me thod, CC = Confid en ce coefficient,

18TM av g = Average valu e measured b ythe referen c e test method monitors.

4.2.6 Con f idenc e Coe fficien t The confidence coefficient will be calculated usi ng equation 8: CC = t 0.975 * (S d / (n 1⁄2 )) (Equa tion 8) whe r e: CC = Confid en ce coefficient, t 0.975 = t-value o b tai ned f rom Ta ble 2.1 in P e rform a n c e Specification 2, 40 CFR Part 6 0 Appendix B

4.2.7 Standa rd De v i ation (of Di ffere nc es)
S d = Standard d e v iation of dif f eren ce s m e asu r ed between th e in st alled CEMS and the referen c e me thods cal c ulat ed usi ng eq u a tion 8:

2 / 1 2 1 1 2
1 ⎥ ⎥ ⎥ ⎥ ⎥ ⎥

⎦ ⎤

⎢ ⎢ ⎢ ⎢ ⎢ ⎢

⎣ ⎡

− ⎟ ⎟ ⎠ ⎞ ⎜ ⎜ ⎝ ⎛

−

= 

## ∑ ∑ =

= n n d S n i i n

i i
d 

## d (Equa tion 9)

whe r e: n = Numb er of va lues in thi s da ta set.

4.2.8 D y namic Spiking
To determine the refere nce value of HCL durin g a dynamic spi k ing run:

HCl ref = 

### l BaselineHC CalGas pre Opp post Opp

avg avg 

### +

− −

− * 1 (Equation 1 0 )

Whe r e: HCl ref = Refe ren c e H C l v a l ue for ru n “X” Opp-po st av g = avera ge referen c e el eme n t of opportu nity value during test (do w nstre a m of sp ike) Opp-pre av g = averag e refe rence eleme n t of opportunity value durin g test (up s tre a m of spike)
19CalG as = HCl calibration g a s con c entration
Baselin e HCl = CEMS HCl averag e ba se line value
Usi ng d a ta from ea ch of the thre e test runs, p e rfo r m a linea r reg r e ssi on of the CEMS HCl a v erage value s again s t the Referen c e HCl values u s in g the followi ng e quation s give n belo w :



### x b b y o 1 

### ˆ +

= (Equa tion 11 )

w h e r e : b o = The y intercept
b 1 = The slo pe
The interce p t is cal c ul ated according to the followi ng e quation:



### x b y b o 1 

### − = (Equa tion 12 )

whe r e: 

# ∑

= 

### = n

i i 

### x n x 1 

### 1 

# ∑

= 

### = n

i i 

### y n y 1 

### 1

The slo pe of the line is cal c ulated a c cord ing to equatio n belo w :


# ∑ ∑

= =



### − − −

= n
1 i 2 i n
1 i i i 1 

### ) x x ( ) y y )( x x ( b (Equa tion 13 )

The linea r correlation coeffi cient is cal c ul ated acco rdin g to the following e quatio n.

20

# ∑ ∑

∑

= = =



### − − ⎟ ⎠ ⎞ ⎜ ⎝ ⎛

− −

= n

i i n

i i n

i i i 

### y y x x y y x x r

1 2 1 2 2

1 2 

### ) ( ) ( ) )( ( (Equa tion 14 )

4.2.8.1 D y namic Spiking Corrected Values If the HCl CEMS fails to meet both the slope an d interc ept criteria , the following corre c tion fa ctor mu st be applie d to the one-mi nute a v erage HCl d a ta:

1 0 

### b b y C i

C 

### −

= (Equa tion 15 )

Whe r e:

= corre c ted CEMS HCL con c entration C 

### C

y

i = CEMS rep o rt ed HCL con c entration
b 0 = the intercept of the l east squares lin ear reg r e ssi on lin e b 1 = the slop e of the lea s t squ a r es lin ea r reg r essio n line

b). If the HCl CEMS fai l s to meet t he slop e crit er ia, but me ets the inte rcept criteria, the follo win g corre c tion fa ctor must be a pplied to the one-minute a v erage HCl d a ta:

1 

### b y C i

C 

### = (Equa tion 16 )

c). If the HCl CEMS fails to meet the interce p t crite r ia , but meets the slope crite r ia , the following corre c tion factor mu st b e applie d to the one -min ute averag e HCl data:

0 

### b y C i

C



### −

= (Equa tion 17 )

214.2.9 Stratifi cation
The value at each trave rse p o int are then compa red to the av erag e value for all sampli ng point s to determi ne the percent stratification u s ing the followin g equatio n: 

### % 100 * ave i 

### C C S

− = (Equa tion 18 )
whe r e: S = percent stratification
C i = concentration or velo city at sampling point i
C av e = average con c e n trati on or velo city at all samplin g points

225.0 OTHE R REQ U IREMEN TS AN D INFO R M ATIO N

5.1 WH AT Q U AL ITY CONT R O L MEASU R ES ARE RE QUIRE D ? Ongoi ng qual ity control will include d a ily calibration d r ift tests, qua rterly calib rati on error a udit s (ab s ol ute calib ration au dit), and ann ual a c cura cytest audit s
. Specifi cpro c ed ure s a n d perfo rma n ce crite r ia a r e inclu ded in P rocedu re DD: Quality Cont rol and Qu ali ty Assu ran c e Re quireme n t s for Hyd ro c hlori cA c id Contin uou s Emissi on Mo nitoring Sy stem s at Stationary Source s.
5.2 WH AT CALI B RA TIO N A ND STAN D A RDIZA TIO N PROCE D UR ES MUST I PERFO R M? Refer to you r CEMS own e r ’s ma nual a n d manufa c ture r to determi ne wh at calib ration an d sta ndardization pro c ed ures a r e re quired fo r your HCl CEMS.
5.3 WHAT POLLUTION PREVENTION P R OCEDURES MUST I FOLLOW? [RES ERVED]

23Table 1. Performanc e Sp ecifica tion T est Calibrati on Gas Ran g es

HCl Calibrati on Gas Con centration s a
T e s t U n i t s Z e r o Mid-Lev e l High-L e v e l
C a l i b ra t i o n D r i f t a n d Re spo n se Time Test b % of Span 0-30 NA 50-1 00

Calib ration Error T e st % of Span 0-30 30-5 0 50-1 00 Dynami cSpiking % of Span 0-50 25-7 5 50-1 00

a A copy of th e suppli e r’ s certificate of a nalysi s mu st be provid ed for ea ch ga s cylinder. Calib ration ga se s do not nee d to be Proto c ol 1 gase s
.
b If conductin g the resp on se time using a multi-comp onentan alyzer, the re spo n se time test can b e based on any mea s ured a nalyte.

24Figure 1. Dynamic Spi k in g Apparatus



### Dy nami c S p i k i ng App a r a t u s

HC L CEM S 9 0 0 - 10 0 0 pp m H C L in N 2 C a lib ra tio n M a n i fo ld ( M ass f l ow m e t e rs ) Sam p l e Probe

• He ate d Fi l t er
• P re s s u re C o n t ro l

• Lam i nar F l o w El em ent H e a te d s a m p le lin e

Fl u e G a s

Ga s Co n d it io n e r Refe ren c e Measu re m e n t ( s ) Heat ed l i n e i n si d e s a m p l e u m b illic a l

256.0 RELEVA NT REFERE NC ES
I. United State s . Environme n tal Prote c tio n Agen cy [EPA]. Technol ogy Tra n sfe r Network. Emi ssi on Measurement Cente r . Promulgate d M e thod s. Me t hod 1: S a m p le an d Velo city Trave rse s for Stationary Sources. Washington, DC: EPA; 2004. Available: http://www.ep a.gov/ttn/emc/promg ate/m-01.pdf via the Internet.
II. United State s . Environme n tal Protectio n A gen cy [EPA}. Technol o g y Tran sfer Netwo r k. Emissi on Me asu r em ent Center. Promu l gated Meth o d s. Method 2 : Determin ation of Stack G a s Velocity and Volumetri cFl ow Rate. Wa shington, D.C: EPA; 2004. Available: http://www.ep a.gov/ttn/emc/promg ate/m-02.pdf via the Internet.
III. United States. Environmental Protection Agency (EP A ). Technol ogy Transfer Network. Emission Measurement Cente r . Perf orma nce Spe c ificatio ns. Perform a n c e Specificat ion 2- Spe c ifications and T e st P ro c ed ure s fo r SO2 an d NO x Continu o u s Emission M onitorin g Systems in Stationary Source s, 40 CFR 60 Appendi x B, Febru a ry 2000. Available: http://www.ep a.gov/ttn/emc/perfsp e c.htm l via the Internet.
IV. United States. Environmental Protectio n Agency (EP A ). Technol o g y Tran sfer Network. Emissio n Measurement Ce nter. Perform a n c e Specifi c at io ns. Perf orma nce Sp ecification 4 A - Specification s and T e st Procedu re s for Carb on Monoxide Continuo us E m issi on Mo n i toring Systems in StationarySource s, 40 CF R 6 0 Appendix B, Februa ry 2000. Ava ilable: http://www.ep a.gov/ttn/emc/perfsp e c.htm l via the Internet.
V. United States. Environmental Protectio n Agency (EP A ). Technol o g y Tran sfer Network. Emissio n Measurement Ce nter. Perform a n c e Specifi c at io ns. Perf orma nce Sp ecification 4 B - Specification s and T e st Procedu re s for Carb on M onoxide a n d Oxygen Co ntinuou s Emi ssi on Monitori ng Systems in Stationary Sou r ce s, 40 CF R 60 App e n d ix B, Septe m ber 3 0 , 19 99. Available: http://www.e pa. gov/ttn/emc/p erfsp e c.html via the Internet.

26