# Patent

## Title
NVMHCI attached hybrid data storage

## Abstract

A hybrid data storage device includes a solid-state memory device, a disc-type memory device and a hybrid data storage device controller in communication with the solid-state memory device and the disc-type memory device. The hybrid data storage device controller is configured to receive Non-Volatile Memory Host Controller Interface (NVMHCI) commands from a host and use logic to make decisions for the optimization and efficient performance of the solid-state memory device and the disc-type memory device.

## Background
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
The present application is a continuation of and claims priority to pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/707,346, entitled “NVMHCI ATTACHED HYBRID DATA STORAGE”, filed on Feb. 17, 2010, the contents of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.


BACKGROUND
A data storage system is an example of a system having at least one memory device or at least one medium for data storage. The data storage system can include one or more types of storage mediums such as, but not limited to, hard discs, floppy discs, magnetic discs, optical discs, magnetic tapes, solid-state storage components, and/or combinations thereof. For instance, an exemplary data storage system can be a hard disc drive (HDD), a solid-state drive (SDD) or a “hybrid” drive (e.g., a hybrid hard drive (HHD) having both hard disc media and solid state media) and etc.
A data storage system includes a controller that is configured to receive data, process commands from a host and implement data operations to the storage media in the data storage system based on the commands. The data storage system can include a plurality of memory devices accessible by the controller. For example, a hybrid hard drive can include a plurality of memory devices drive, such as a plurality of flash memory chips that are configured into a flash array and at least one rotatable disc medium.
The Non-volatile Memory Host Controller Interface (NVMHCI) Working Group has provided a standard software and hardware programming interface for solid-state memory systems called the NVMHCI protocol. The NVMHCI protocol can be applied to different databuses, for example the PCI express bus.
The discussion above is merely provided for general background information and is not intended to be used as an aid in determining the scope of the claimed subject matter.
SUMMARY
A hybrid data storage device includes a solid-state memory device, a disc-type memory device and a hybrid data storage device controller in communication with the solid-state memory device and the disc-type memory device. The hybrid data storage device controller is configured to receive Non-Volatile Memory Host Controller Interface (NVMHCI) commands from a host and use logic to make decisions for the optimization and efficient performance of the solid-state memory device and the disc-type memory device in the hybrid data storage device. Exemplary optimizations include the communication of optimal data transfer size to the host based on which of the solid-state or disc-type memories is being written, the determination of placing data on the solid-state or disc-type memories depending on power savings, read/write latencies and read/write frequencies and the optimal use a disc-type memory device in the erasing data blocks in a solid-state memory device.
Other features and benefits that characterize embodiments of the present invention will be apparent upon reading the following detailed description and review of the associated drawings.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic diagram of a computing system under one embodiment.
FIG. 2 illustrates a more detailed block diagram of the computing system illustrated in FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 illustrates a block diagram of the controller of a hybrid drive of the computing system illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2.
FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating a method of using a hybrid data storage device controller to receive a Non-Volatile Memory Host Controller Interface (NVMHCI) command under one embodiment.
FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating a method of using a hybrid data storage device controller to receive a NVMHCI command under another embodiment.
FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating a method of using a hybrid data storage device controller to receive a NVMHCI command under another embodiment.
FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating a method of using a hybrid data storage device controller to receive a NVMHCI command under yet another embodiment.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Embodiments of the disclosure provide a command interpreter for incorporation into a controller of a hybrid data storage device. The command interpreter can accept Non-volatile Memory Host Controller Interface (NVMHCI) commands, interpret their meaning and give appropriate input to a processor of the hybrid data storage system for making the necessary decisions based on the NVMHCI commands.
FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic diagram of a computing system 100 including a host device 102 and a hybrid data storage device 104. Hybrid data storage device 104 includes a solid-state memory device 106, such as Flash-type memory, and a disc-type memory device 108, such as magnetic or optical memory. Hybrid data storage device 104 and host 102 communicate over a physical system bus 110, such as a Peripheral Component Interconnect Express (PCIe), configured with a Non-volatile Memory Host Controller Interface (NVMHCI) protocol. FIG. 2 illustrates a more detailed block diagram of the computing system 100 illustrated in FIG. 1. As in FIG. 1, FIG. 2 illustrates a host device 102 in communication with a hybrid data storage device 104 over a bus 110 having a NVMHCI protocol. Besides hybrid data storage device 104 including a solid-state memory device 106 and a disc-type memory device 108 as illustrated in FIG. 1, FIG. 2 illustrates a hybrid controller 112 that processes the data communicated between the memory devices 106 and 108 and the host device 102.
Typically, a hybrid data storage device is attached to a host through standard data storage interface protocols, such as SATA or SCSI. However, these interfaces were not designed for solid-state memory and therefore fail to take full advantage of this type of memory in the same capacity as such memories attached to buses having a NVMHCI protocol. In order to maximize the advantages of operating a hybrid data storage device 104 under a NVMHCI protocol, one embodiment of hybrid controller 112 includes a command interpreter 128 and processor 114 as illustrated in FIG. 3.
FIG. 3 illustrates a block diagram of hybrid controller 112 of computing system 100 illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2. Like other hybrid controllers, hybrid controller 112 includes a processor 114, a buffer manager 116, a formatter 118, a read channel 120, a servo controller 122 for controlling the transducing head of a disc-type data storage device and a solid-state controller 124 for controlling a solid-state memory device. Unlike other hybrid controllers, for the hybrid data storage device to communicate with a host device over a bus having a NVMHCI protocol, hybrid controller 112 includes an interface 126 that corresponds with the physical bus, such as a PCIe interface, and a command interpreter 128 that works closely with the processor 114 and logic in processor 114 for making the appropriate decisions in response to NVMHCI commands.
Command interpreter 128 accepts NVMHCI commands, interprets the meaning of the commands and provides processor 114 with an appropriate input so that processor 114 can understand and make the appropriate decision-making functions. In other words, command interpreter 128 converts the NVMHCI commands into input that has meaning to processor 114. The following examples illustrate specific exemplary NVMHCI commands and how command interpreter 128 and processor 114 deals with the commands.
FIG. 4 is a flowchart 200 illustrating an exemplary method of using a NVMHCI command in a hybrid data storage device under one embodiment. At block 202, hybrid data storage device controller 112 (FIGS. 2 and 3) receives a request from host device 102 (FIGS. 1 and 2) for an optimum transfer size in the transfer of data. Under conventional NVMHCI protocol communication with a stand-alone solid-state device, the solid-state device is able to streamline an answer to the host based on the size of a data unit in the solid-state device. However, when such a request is interpreted by command interpreter 128 and given to processor 114 in a hybrid data storage device controller 112, at block 204, processor 114 must first decide if data should be targeted to be written to solid-state memory device 106 or to disc-type memory device 108 (FIGS. 1 and 2).
If the data should be written to disc-type memory device 108, then the method proceeds to block 206 and a first data transfer size is sent to host device 102 that matches the size of a data unit in disc-type memory device 108. For example, the first data transfer size can be equivalent to the size of a data sector on a memory disc, such as the standard 512 bytes or larger sector size that includes more efficient error correction code (ECC) such as 4,000 byte sector sizes. If the data should be written to solid-state memory device 106, then the method proceeds to block 208 and a second data transfer size is sent to host device 102 that matches the size of a data unit in solid-state memory device 106. For example, the second data transfer size can be equivalent to a page size of a solid-state memory, such as 2,000 bytes. If the first data transfer size is sent, processor 114 receives data from host device 102 in the first data transfer size as illustrated in block 210. If the second data transfer size is sent, processor 114 receives data from host device 102 in the second data transfer size as illustrated in block 212.
FIG. 5 is a flowchart 300 illustrating another exemplary method of using a NVMHCI command in a hybrid data storage device under another embodiment. At block 302, hybrid data storage device controller 112 (FIGS. 2 and 3) receives a ‘Dataset Management’ command from host device 102 (FIGS. 1 and 2) that includes context attributes for a range of data blocks. Exemplary context attributes include read frequency (RF), write frequency (WF), read latency (RL), write latency (WL), write prepare (WP) and command access size (CAS). Such context attributes are those that can be provided under conventional NVMHCI protocol communication with a stand-alone solid-state device. Under conventional NVMHCI protocol communication, the solid-state device takes the context attributes and uses them to optimize performance and reliability of the solid-state memory device. However, when such a request is interpreted by command interpreter 128 and given to processor 114 in a hybrid data storage device controller 112 as disclosed, processor 114 desires to optimize performance and reliability of a hybrid data storage device. To do this, context attributes can be used to determine whether a range of data blocks should be placed in solid-state memory or in disc-type memory. Long sequential accesses are best transferred directly to or from disc-type storage memory, while short random accesses are best transferred to and from solid-state memory.
At block 304, processor 114 determines whether the context attributes includes a write prepare (WP). If it does, then the method proceeds to block 306 and determines whether the WP is set to the value ‘1.’ If not, then the method proceeds to block 308. If the WP is not set to the value ‘1,’ then the method ends. If the WP is set to the value ‘1,’ then processor 114 determines whether the range of data blocks are assigned to the rotating disc as shown in block 310. If they aren't, again the method ends, but if they are, then processor 114 determines whether the disc is spinning as shown in block 312. If the disc is spinning, the disc-type memory device is already prepared for write data and the method ends. If not, at block 314, processor 114 spins up the disc in preparation for data transfer.
Referring back to block 308, if the context attributes fail to include a WP, then processor 114 determines if the read latency (RL) or the write latency (WL) is set to high. If the RL or WL is set to high, processor 114 assigns the range of data blocks to the solid-state memory device 106 as shown in block 316. If the RL or WL is not set to high, then processor proceeds to block 318 and decides if the read frequency (RF) or write frequency (WF) are set to ‘dynamic.’ When RF or WF are set to ‘dynamic,’ it means that data in the range of data blocks are read or written more than once on average per power cycle. Therefore, such data should be stored in a place that can be quickly accessed, such as the solid-state memory device 106. If either RF or WF is set to ‘dynamic,’ processor 114 proceeds to block 316 and assigns the range of data blocks to the solid-state memory device 106. If, however, the RF or WF are not set to ‘dynamic,’ then processor 114 proceeds to block 320 and assigns the range of data blocks to the disc-type memory device 108.
FIG. 6 is a flowchart 400 illustrating another exemplary method of using a NVMHCI command in a hybrid data storage device under another embodiment. At block 402, hybrid data storage device controller 112 (FIGS. 2 and 3) receives a ‘Dataset Management’ command from host device 102 (FIGS. 1 and 2) that includes a ‘deallocate’ attribute indicating a range of data blocks to be deallocated. Such an attribute can be provided under conventional NVMHCI protocol communication with a stand-alone solid-state device. Under conventional NVMHCI protocol communication, deallocated data includes data that is no longer needed by the host. It allows stand-alone solid-state memory devices to pre-erase blocks that contain data that is no longer needed. In a hybrid storage system, it may be that data indicated as deallocated is located in disc-type memory. Therefore, processor 114 must undergo a set of logic that takes advantage of this command and provides a high performing hybrid data storage device.
At block 404, processor 114 determines whether the range of data blocks indicated as data blocks to be deallocated are in solid-state memory in the hybrid data storage device. If they aren't, then the method ends because they are in disc-type memory and need not be erased. If they are, then processor 114 proceeds to block 406 and determines if the range of data blocks is in the same solid-state memory erase block. If so, processor 114 erases the solid-state memory erase block to free up the block for future writing as illustrated in block 408. If not, processor 114 proceeds to block 410 and determines whether the remaining valid data is less than 5% of the entire solid-state memory erase block. If so, processor 114 moves the remaining data in the solid-state memory erase block to the disc-type memory device as illustrated at block 412. Otherwise, the method ends.
FIG. 7 is a flowchart 500 illustrating yet another exemplary method of using a NVMHCI command in a hybrid data storage device under yet another embodiment. At block 502, hybrid data storage device controller 112 (FIGS. 2 and 3) receives a ‘Set Feature’ command from host device 102 (FIGS. 1 and 2) that includes power management data. Such data can be provided under conventional NVMHCI protocol communication with a stand-alone solid-state device. Under conventional NVMHCI protocol communication, power management data includes data related to power saving settings and performance settings for a stand-alone solid-state memory device. In a hybrid storage system, processor 114 can use power management data to determine if it should operate out of both the disc-type memory and solid-state memory for optimal power saving and performance or if it should operate only out of the solid-state memory for optimal power saving and performance. Therefore, processor 114 must undergo a set of logic that takes advantage of this command.
At block 704, processor 114 determines if the power saving field in the received power management data is greater than the performance field in the power management data. If it is, processor 114 sets the Advanced Power Mode (APM) to aggressively spin down the disc of the disc-type memory when there is no activity to the disc as shown in block 506. At block 508, all write data is sent to the solid-state memory device until it is full. If the power saving field is less than the performance field, then processor 114 sets the APM to not spin down the disc unless it goes into Standby Mode as shown in block 510. At block 512, ‘Data Management’ commands are used to determine if data should be transferred to solid-state memory or to disc-type memory.
Although the subject matter has been described in language specific to structural features and/or methodological acts, it is to be understood that the subject matter defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described above. Rather, the specific features and acts described above are disclosed as example forms of implementing the claims.

## Claims

1. A method comprising:
receiving a command from a host at an interface, the command including power management data including a power saving value and a performance value;
determining if the power saving value is greater than the performance value; and
when the power saving value is greater than the performance value:
reducing power consumption of a first memory type; and
storing write data to a second memory type.

2. The method of claim 1 further comprising when the power saving value is less than the performance value, determining if the write data is to be stored in the first memory type or the second memory type.

3. The method of claim 2 wherein the determining if the write data is to be stored in the first memory type or the second memory type is based on dataset management commands.

4. The method of claim 3 wherein the first memory type is a disc-type memory and the second memory type is a nonvolatile solid-state memory.

5. The method of claim 2 further comprising, when the power saving value is less than the performance value, not reducing power consumption of the first memory type unless set to standby.

6. The method of claim 1 wherein the values are received by a hybrid data storage device in a Non-volatile Memory Host Controller Interface (NVMHCI) protocol command.

7. The method of claim 1 wherein the values are received by a hybrid data storage device in a format that complies with a communication standard for a solid-state memory device.

8. The method of claim 1 wherein the first memory type is a disc-type memory and the second memory type is a nonvolatile solid-state memory.

9. The method of claim 8 wherein the reducing power consumption of the first memory type includes spinning down the disc-type memory when there is no activity to a disc.

10. A controller comprising:
an interface configured to receive a set feature command from a host, the set feature command in a protocol for a first type of memory, and the set feature command including a power saving value and a performance value;
an interpreter configured to interpret the set feature command to determine an interpreted command; and
a processor coupled to receive the interpreted command and configured to:
determine if the power saving value is greater than the performance value; and
if the power saving value is greater than the performance value:
set a mode for reducing power consumption of a first memory type; and
store write data to a second memory type.

11. The controller of claim 10 wherein the processor is further configured to determine if the write data is to be stored in the first memory type or the second memory type when the power saving value is less than the performance value.

12. The controller of claim 11 further comprising, when the power saving value is less than the performance value, set a mode for not reducing power consumption of the first memory type unless set to standby.

13. The controller of claim 11 wherein the determining if the write data is to be stored in the first memory type or the second memory type is based on dataset management commands.

14. The controller of claim 10 wherein the values are in a Non-volatile Memory Host Controller Interface (NVMHCI) protocol command.

15. The controller of claim 10 wherein the first memory type is a disc-type memory and the second memory type is a nonvolatile solid-state memory.

16. The controller of claim 15 wherein the set a mode for reducing power consumption of the first memory type includes spinning down the disc-type memory when there is no activity to a disc.

17. An apparatus comprising:
a first memory of a first type;
a second memory of a second type;
an interface configured to receive a command from a host, the command in a protocol for the first type of memory, and the command including a power saving value and a performance value;
a processor coupled to the interface, the first memory, and the second memory and configured to:
determine if the power saving value is greater than the performance value;
when the power saving value is greater than the performance value:
set a mode for reducing power consumption of the first memory; and
store write data to the second memory.

18. The apparatus of claim 17 wherein the processor is further configured to determine if the write data is to be stored in the first memory or the second memory when the power saving value is less than the performance value.

19. The apparatus of claim 17 wherein the power saving value and the performance value are part of a Non-volatile Memory Host Controller Interface (NVMHCI) protocol command.

20. The apparatus of claim 17 further comprising:
the first memory is a disc memory;
the processor is further configured to:
set a mode for reducing power consumption of the first memory including spinning down the disc memory when there is no activity; and
when the power saving value is less than the performance value, set a mode for not reducing power consumption of the first memory.