L

n6--a rds for

Novem !:,2 r 1 , 2000

Lance G c

Osik Ridge National Laboi,,,;7^'^wy

OAK RIDGE NATioNAL G TORY

U. S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY UT-BATTELLE

1

 EE-RM/STD-00-550 COMMENT 02FF
iciency schedules for eac h

fflcincy h @a

[Ife-cycle coz,

estimate payback per'IG^

OAK RIDGE ATI TG Y

U. S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY UT-BATTELLE

2

 EE-RM/STD-00-550 COMMENT 02FF
® A32I Ng d 311^11d9-± l

d 1N L L

°S

-fl

H

0

I It1 -jj ,z,)7i

i

 EE-RM/STD-00-550 COMMENT 02FF
M

i

Less detailed

information 'is needed

OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY

U. S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY

Difficult to

independently VCr

accuracy of 'Information

- Uncertaint w,f about the

costs of e^'-^I0 clency

UT-BATTELLE

 EE-RM/STD-00-550 COMMENT 02FF
Advantages

Leads to better

understanding of

technological and cost

aspects

. Leads to consensus in

manufacturing cos. i

estimates

OAK RIDGE NATioNAL TG Y

U. S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY

may be less cost

efficient than

manufacturers cou

develop

Disadvantages

Requires much detailed

.

information from

manufacturers

Department must

model efficiency

.

improvements

Design combinations

UT-BATTELLE

5

 EE-RM/STD-00-550 COMMENT 02FF
,, Jvantages

OAK RIDGE NATIONAL TORY

U. S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY UT-BATTELLE

6

 EE-RM/STD-00-550 COMMENT 02FF
• Cost assessment

Lu^. most costly

Cc^zign oplons approac

in costand rigor

1 w^afilor^ a

OAK RIDGE NATioNAL LABORATORY

U. S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY

( ' u

UT-BATTELLE

7

 EE-RM/STD-00-550 COMMENT 02FF
Transformers have load and ii 7! ii L ,9'

No-load losses occur all ths

power suppl ied

1- f i ; y is h ighest 7^

so that load and no-loao^

TransfeFL,mer design can Lh(,:^

OAK RIDGE NATioNAL LABORATORY

U. S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY

(v

I n-i prove

UT-BATTELLE

8

 EE-RM/STD-00-550 COMMENT 02FF
25 WA Transformer Designs that Achieve

98 .8% Efficiency Different

99%

95% 1`

0.05

0.

0.35

® -- 0.65

0.2 0.35 0.5 0.65 0.8

RMS Average Load as a Fraction Capacity

OAK RIDGE ATIO TORY

U. S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY UT-BATTELLE

9

 EE-RM/STD-00-550 COMMENT 02FF
3,000

2,500

2,000

1,500

1,000

500

0.05 0.20 0.35 0.5 0.65

RMS Average Load as a Fraction of Capacity

OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY

U. S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY

0.8

UT-BATTELLE

10

 EE-RM/STD-00-550 COMMENT 02FF
More wire and/or more

expens ive wire

For a6_

[^ J

low E

E

hud o and/or ^,"

quality steel

- More labor intensive More labor intensive

winding construction core assembly

OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY

U. S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY UT-BATTELLE

11

 EE-RM/STD-00-550 COMMENT 02FF
zd

ADUHN21 dO 9 .I, dH -S -fl

®ur^

69 .101 %E ,47,^CA-MOI OBr

, 1

n

M`J/ -`M( 10 A,, t +C ^, I 18 B. U

(,

m

S

 EE-RM/STD-00-550 COMMENT 02FF
kVA) () n>> ( ^:s at

uc^-'ii 0) f® L ) n.-1-1761g

WA transformers atitr) ^-rt roe

@ Squ7fre D data shows 31% aver

five :^ 000-1500

,

4-kV transfcvmers at 14s

fAtl onroe, plant

^ i -.inalysis of FE? 1.

Q]

21 %

OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY

U. S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY UT-BATTELLE

13

 EE-RM/STD-00-550 COMMENT 02FF
average load has L -cw

(' )-) ^ 1J

F)(7,-,13K may oe imp

losses may c^int^ i^

)s thc&7n do no-load

pl

ii:, more to

vansformers of d f©r& ^

ine the diff7io7in c

OAK RIDGE NATioNAL TG Y

U. S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY

^ved to be loaded di

UT-BATTELLE

14

 EE-RM/STD-00-550 COMMENT 02FF
.

transformer characteristics

(capacity, no. phases, etc.)

!%fie s 1

voltage transformers nonuti l ity applications

Loading differences, i any,

between h igh

primary voltage

transformers

0

0

0

Low voltage

loading

tL'

Applications loadi ng

of single phase LV

transformers

Frequency and causes of

LV transformer . fai lure

Information

or specl°i for al l appl i cations

OAK RIDGE AI`I® T

U. S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY

S

UT-B,ATfELLE

15

 EE-RM/STD-00-550 COMMENT 02FF